INTERNATIONALCOURTOF JUSTICE
PLEADINGS,ORAL.ARC-UMYTS, DOCUMENTS -.' .
CASE CONCERNING THE.
CONTINENTAL SHELF
(LIBYANARAB JAMAHIRIYA/MALTA)
. .
VOLUME 1 - ..
SpecialAgreeme;Mernorials
COUR INTERNATIONALEDE J~STIC.
MEMOIRE S,AIDOIRIESET DOCUMENTS '
AFFAIRE
DU PLATEAU 'CONTINENTAL 1
(JAMAHIRIYAARABE LIBYENNE/MALTE)J
*
VOLUM I E
Compromis; mémoires . . Abbreviatedreferen:e
1.C.J.Pleadings,ConrinentalShelf(Libyan
ArabJamahiriyalMalta),Vol.1
Référencaebrégé:e
C.I.J. Mémoires,Plateaucontinental(Jarnuhiriyu
arabelibyenne/Maltevol. 1
Salesnumber
No devente: 580CASE CONCERNINGTHE CONTINENTALSHELF
(LIBYANRAB JAMAHIRIYAIMALTA)-
AFFAIRE DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL
(JAMAHIRIYAARABE LIBYENNEIMALTE) INTERNATIONCOURTOF JUSTICE
PLEADINGS,ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS
CASE CONCERNINGTHE
CONTINENTALSHELF
(LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYAIMALTA)
VOLUME 1
SpecialAgree;Mernoriais
COUR INTERNATIONEE JUSTICE
MÉMOIRES,PLAIDOIRIESET DOCUMENTS
AFFAIRE
DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL
(JAMAHIRIYA ARABE LIBYENNEIMALTE)
VOLUME 1
Comprom;mémoires The case concerning the ContinentalSheif(Libyan ArobJamahiriyafMaha),
entered on the Court's GeneralList on 26July 1982under number 68,was the
subject of Judgments deiivered on 21 March 1984(ContinentalShelf (Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya/Malia). Application to Infervene,Judgment, I.C.J. Reports
1984,p. 3) and 3 June 1985(ContinentalShelf(Libyan Arab JarnahiriyuM/ olta),
Judgrneni, L C.J. Reports 1985,p. 13).
The pleadings and oral arguments in the case are being published in the fol-
lowingorder :
Volume 1. Special Agreement; Mernorials of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and
Malta.
Volume II. Counter-Memorials of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Malta;
Application by Italy for Permission to Intervene, and consequent proceedings.
Volume III. Replies of Tunisia and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya; commence-
ment of Oral Arguments.
VolumeIV. Conclusion of Oral Arguments; Documents submitted to the Court
after closurof the written proceedings; Correspondence.
VolumeV. Maps, charts and illustrations.
Certain pleadingsand documents of this edition are reproduced photographic-
allyfrom the original printed text.
In addition to the normal continuous pagination, the Volumesfeature on the
inner margin of pages a bracketed indication of the original pagination of the
Memonals, the Counter-Memorials, the Repliesand certain Annexes.
In interna1references,bold Roman numerals (in the text or in the margin) are
used to refer to Volumes of this edition;ifthey are immediately followed by a
page reference,this relates to the new pagination of the Volumin question. On
the other hand, the page numbers which are preceded by a reference to one of
the pleadings relate to the original pagination of that document and accordingly
refer to the bracketed pagination of the document in question.
The main maps and charts are reproduced in a separate Volume (V), with a
renumbering, indicated by ringed numerals, that is also added in the margin in
Volumes 1-IV wherever corresponding references appear ; the absence of such
marginal reference means that the map or illustration is not reproduced in the
present edition.
Neither the typographical presentation nor the spelling of proper names may
be used for the purpose of interpreting the texts reproduced.
L'affairedu Plateauconiinentol{Jamahiriyaorobelibyenne/Malie),inscrite au
rôle généradle la Cour sous le numéro68 1e26juillet 1982,a fait l'objetd'arrêts
rendus le 21 mars 1984(Plaieaucontinental (Jamahiriya arabe IibyennefMalte),
requête àjin d'intervention,arrêt. .I.J,Recueil1984,p. 3)et le3juin 1985(Pla-
teau continental (Jamahiriya arabe libyenne1Molle), arréi,C.I.J. Recueil1985,
p. 13).VI11
CONTINENTAL SHELF - PLATEAU CONTINENTAL
Les piécesde procédureécriteet les plaidoiries relatives Acette affaire sont
publiéesdans l'ordre suivan:
Volume1. Compromis; mémoiresde la Jamahiriya arabe libyenneet de Malte.
Volume II. Contre-mémoiresde la Jamahiriya arabe libyenne et de Malte;
requPtede l'ItaliA fin d'interventionet procédurey relative.
Volume III. Répliquesde la Jamahiriya arabe libyenneet de Malte; débutde la
procédure orale.
Volume IV. Suite et fin de la procédureorale; documents présentésrlla Cour
après lafinde la procedure écrite;correspondance.
VolumeV. Cartes et illustrations.
Certaines piécesde la présentekdition sont photographiéesd'aprésleur texte
impriméoriginal.
Outre leur pagination continue habituelle, les volumescomportent, entre cro-
chets sur le bord intérieurdes pages, l'indicationde la pagination originale des
mémoires, des contre-mémoires d,es rkpliqueset de certaines de leurs annexes.
S'agissant des renvois, les chiffres romains gras (dans le texte ou dans la
marge) indiquent le volume de la presente édition; s'ils sont immédiatement
suivispar une référencdee page, cette référencrenvoie rila nouvellepagination
du volume concerné.En revanche, les numérosde page qui sont précédéd se
l'indication d'une piécede procédurevisent la pagination originale de ladite
piéceet renvoient donc Ala pagination entre crochets dela piécementionnée.
Lesprincipales cartes sont reproduites dans un volume séparé(V)ou ellesont
reçu un numerotage nouveau indiquépar un chiffrecerclé.Dans lesvolumes1à
IV, les renvois aux cartes et illustrations du volume V sont portés en marge
selon ce nouveau numérotage, etl'absencede tout renvoi à la présenteédition
signifiequ'unecarte ou illustration n'estpas reproduite.
Ni la présentation typographique ni l'orthographe des noms propres ne sau-
raient êtreutiliséesaux finsde l'interprétationdes textes reproduits. CONTENTS . TABLE DES MATIÈRES
SpecialAgreement . Compromis
THE SECRETARY OF THE PEOPLESCOMMITTEE FOR THE PEOPLE%
FOREIG NIAISONBUREAU OF THE SOCIALIS T EUPLE lBYAN ARAB
JAMAH~RIYA AND THE MINISTER FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS OFTHE REPUB
LIC OFMALTA TO THE REGISTR AFTHE INTERNATIONC ALURT OF
JUSTICE ...............................
1. Special Agreement between the Government of the Republic of
Malta and the Government of the Libyan Arab Republic for the
Submissionto the lntcrnational Court of Justice of Di...rcnce
2. Exchange of lcttcrs dated 23 .May 1976 concerning the oral
heanngs .............................
3. Procés-Verbalof the cxchange of instruments of ratification of the
Special Agreement between theSocialist People's Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya and the Republic ofaita for the Submission to the
InternationalCourt of Justice of Difference.......
4 and5. Instruments of ratificat.................
Mernorial of the Libyan Arab Jamahiri.a Mémoirede la Jamahiriya
arabe libyenne
~NTRODUCTIO N...........................
PARTI . THEFACTUALBACKGROUN .D...............
Chapter 1. Libya and Mal:historical aspec............
Chapter2. The geographicalsettin.................
Introduction ...........................
A. The Mediterranean Sea ....................
1.Generaldescription.....................
2.The Central Mediterranean.................
B. Libya and Malta: geographical aspe.............
2. Libya ...........................
3.Libya and Malta:a broad cornparison...........
Chapter3.The geomorphologicaiand geologicalsettin.......
Introduction ...........................
A. The generalsetting......................
B. The Rift Zone.........................
D. The sea-bed and subsoil af the Pelagian Block from Libya sea-
ward .............................
E. Malta'sgeomorphologicaland geological linksto Sicily .....
Conclusions ...........................
Chapter .The background of the disput..............
A. Legislativeand historical backgrou.............X COKTENTS . TABLEDES MATIÈRES
2. Maritime legislationof Libya................
B. Tconcessions)..........................c history and the grant of
C . Agreement on recourse to the Court ..............
PARTIL . THELAW ..........................
Chapter 5. The Special Agreement .................
Chapter 6 .The principles and rules of international law applicable to
the present case..........................
Introduction ...........................
A . Principles and rules governing a State's legal basisof title to the
continental shel........................
1. Natural prolongation as the basis of ti..........
(a) The Truman Proclamation of 1945 ...........
(6) The preparation of the1958Convention ........
(c) The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the
Sea ..........................
2.The "double aspect" of natural prolongation ........
(0) Situations wherethere exist two separate shelve....
(b) Situations wherethere exists one continuous shelf adjoined
by two or more States .................
B . Principles and rules governing the delimitation of the continental
shelf .............................
1. Equitable principlesand the aim of securingan equitable result
2.Natural prolongation as a relevant facto..........
(a] The identificationof the respective"natural prolongationsn
of the Parties......................
(b) The caseof convergingor overlappingnatural prolongations
3. Geographic factors .....................
4.Other relevant factors ...................
(a) Conduct of the Parties .................
(b) Delimitations with third States.............
(c) Security interest....................
(e) Economic and related factors...............
Conclusionse o...................................
PARTIII . APPLICATIO OF THE LAW TO THE FACTS AND RELEVANT
CIRCUMSTANC OFTHISCASE ...................
Chapter 7. There isno apriori method of delimitation........
Chapter 8. The physical limitsof natural prolongatio........
Introduction ...........................
A . The Rift Zone .........................
B . The Escarpments-Fault Zone .................
Conclusions ...........................
Chapter 9. The relevant circumstancesof thiscase..........
A . The physicalfactors of geomorphology and geology ......XI1 CONTENTS. TABLE DES MATIERES
Page
I.Introduction - Source of data ................. 210
3..Other points of specificrelevance...................... 211
214
A. Malta's close connection with Sicily and the Ragusa-Malta
B . The Rift Zone of the Sicily Channel and its young volcanism
4 .Discussionof figures ......................
Part IV. The sea-bed mode1of the Central Mediterranean ......
1. Source of data and area covered ................
2. Contouring - Replotting at reduced scale ...........
3. Useof vertical exaggeration ..................
4. Other technicaldetails .....................
Documentary Annexes io the Memorial of the Libyan Arab Jamu-
hiriya ................................
Annex I. Special Agreement betweenthe Government of the Republic
of Malta and the Government of the Libyan Arab Republic for the
subrnisçion to the International Court of Justice of difference. in
Annex 2c .Instruments of Ratification exchanged on 20 March 1982:
(a)LibyanInstrument of Ratification; Englishtranslation;(b)Maltese
Instrument of Ratification;Arabic translation ...........
Annex 3 .Joint letter of notification of 26July 198.........
Annex 4 . Letters exchanged on 23 May 1976: (a) Maltese letter in
Arabic and English; (b) Libyan letter in Arabic and English ....
Annex 5. Pages 3261to 3264of Wüst. "On the Vertical Circulation of
the Mediterranean Sea" ......................
Annex 6 . Pages 288and 289of Stanley et a?., "Strait of Sicily Deposi-
tional Rates and Patterns. and Possible Reversal of Currents in the
Late Quaternary" .........................
Annex 7. Pages445 and 453 of Winnock:"Structure du bloc pélagien"
Annex 8. Map depicting settlementpatterns in Malta ........
AnnMediterraneanhow..........................nd Malta in the Central
Annex IO .Topographic map of Libya ................
Annex II . Page 52 of Morelli et al., "Bathyrnetry. Gravity and Magne-
tism in the Strait of Sicilyand in the lonian Se..........
Annex 12. Page 3139of Dewey eral., "Plate Tectonics and the Evolu-
tion of the AlpineSystem" ....................
Annex 13 . Maltese Fish Industry Act. 1953 .............
Annex 14 .
('0)Maltese Petroleum (Production) Act. 1958 ...........
(6) Maltese Petroleum (Production) (Amendment) Act. 1965 ....
Annex 15 . Maltese Continental Shelf Act. 1966 ...........
Annex 16 . Maltese Petroleurn (Production) Regulations. 1969 ....
Annex 17 .Maltese Territorial Waters and Contiguous Zone Act. 1971
Annex 18 .
(II M)altese Territorial Waters and Contiguous Zone (Amendment)
Act. 1975 ...........................
(b) Maltese letter dated 10November 1975 ............ Page
Annex 19 .
(a) Maltese Territorial Waters bd Contiguous Zone (Amendment)
Act. 1978 ...........................
Annex 20. Maltese Territorial Waters and Contiguous Zone (Amend-
ment) Act. 1981 ..........................
Annex 21 . Italian Declaration of 29 September 191.........
Annex 22 . Italian Royal Decreeof 4 February 1913.No.85 .....
:Annex 23 . Italian Royal Decreeof 27March 1913.No .312 .....
Annex 24 . Italian Instructions of 16April 191...........
Annex 25. Italian Instructions25fJune 1931 ...........
Annex 27 . Itaiian Royal Decreeof 6 June 1940.No.5952 ........
Annex 28 . Article210 ofthe Libyan Constitution ..........
Annex 29 . Libyan LawNo .2 of 1959 ................
Annex 30. Libyan LawNo. 12of 1959 ...............
Annex 31 . Libyan Decision No ..1 of 1960 and Decision No. 1 of
1961 ...............................
Annex 32 . Libyan Petroleum Law.No. 25of 1955 ..........
AnNo.133 ...............................o . 1 of 1955 and Map
Annex 34. MalteseNote Verbaledated 5 May 1965 .........
Annex 35 . MalteseContinental Shelf(Designation ofArea)Order. 1971
Annex 36. Petroconsultants maps showing the Maltese concession
. situation as of 31 December 1970. 1974.1975and 1976 .......
Annex 37 .
(O) Minutes ofa meeting heldon 11 July 1972 ...........
Annex 38l.eMaltesedraft agreementsubmitted.on 12.July 1972 ....
Annex 39 . Libyan draft agreementsubmitted on 23April 1973 ....
Annex 40 . Draft Maltese minutes of a meeting heldon 23and 24Apd
1973 ...............................
Annex 41 . Messagefrom Prime Minister Mintoff dated 23 April 1973
Annex 42 . MalteseNotice L.N. 41 of1973 ..............
Annex 43 . Messagefrom Prime Minister Mintoffdated 25 March 1974
An197444...............................rbitration submitted in April
Annex 45 . MalteseContinental~helf(Designationof Area)Order. 1974
Annex 46. Letter from Esso Standard Libya dated 29 September 1974
Annex 47. Libyan Note Verbaledated 30June 1974 .........
Annex 48 . Libyan Note Verbaledated 14July 1974 .........
Annex 49 . Map showingthe area of seismicsurvey ofMalta: 1974 . .
Annex 50 . Libvan Note Verbaledated 17Julv 1974 .........
Annex521.. MalteseNoteeVerbaledaied2518July 1974 .........
Annex 53 . MalteseNote Verbaledated 8 August 1974 ........
Annex 54 . Malteseletter dated 26 November 1974 ..........
Annex 55 . Libyan letter dated 8 June 1975,in Englis........
.Annex 56 . Malteseietter dated 17June 1975 ............
Annex 57. Letter from Total date31July 1975 ...........
Annex 58 . Maltese letter dated 13August 1975 ...........
Annex 59 . Libyan draft agreementtransmitted on 17January 1976 . .XIV CONTENTS. TABLE DES MATIERES
Page
Annex 60 . Maltesedraft agreement submittedin Febmary 1976 ... 368
Annex 61 . MalteseNote Verbaledated 5 October 1976 ....... 368
Annex 62. Message from Prime Minister Mintoff dated 3 December
1976 ...............................
Annex 63. Letter from Major Jdloud dated 15December 1976 ....
An197964 ...............................a meeting heldon 16October
Annex 65. MalteseNote Verbaiedated 21 November 1979 ......
Annex 66 . Libyan Note Verbaledated 10May 1980 .........
Annex 67 . MalteseNote Verbaledated 21 May 1980 .........
Annex 68 . Libyan Note Verbaledated 20 August 1980 ........
Annex 69 . Telexfrom Saipemdated 21 August 1980 .........
Annex 70. United Nations Secunty Councildocument \S/ 141'40. Sep-
tember 1980 ...........................
Antember 1980ted...........................cument S/14145, 3 Sep-
Annex 72 . United Nations Secunty Council document S/14256,
13November 1980 ........................
Annex 73 . Libyan Note Verbaledated 26 January 1981 .......
Annex 74. Pages 6and 7 of United Nations Security Councildocument
S/ PV2294,30July 1981 ......................
Annex 75 . United Nations Security Councildocument S/ 14786.9 De-
cember 1981 ...........................
Annex 77 . Special Agreementsin the North Seacases..........
Annex 78 . Sptcial Agreementin the AngleFrench Artibration ....
Annex 79 . Special Agreementin the Tunisia/Libya case; (a) English
version provided by Libya; (b)translation by the Registry of the
French version providedby Tunisia ................
Annex 80. Truman Proclamation No . 2667of 28 September 1945 . .
Annex 81. 1958Convention on the Continental Shelf ........
Annex 82. Part VI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of
Annex 83a. Page 334of Vallat. "The Continental SheF .......
Annex 84 . Page 146 of Waldock. "The Legal Basis of Clairnsto the
Continental Shelf" ........................
Annex 85 . Page 261 of the Inter-Americanluridical Yearbook. 1955-
1957 ...............................
Annex 86 . Page 108of Garcia Amador, TheExpioitationand Conser-
vationof the Resourcesof the Sea .................
Annex 87 . Pages 117and 118ofthe Third United Nations Conference
Annex 88 .aPage 162 of the Third United Nations Conferenceon the
Law ofthe Sea. OfjiciulRecords.Vol.IV .............
Annex 89. Pages 77 to 79 of the Yearbook of the InternationalLow
Commission. 1953,Vol .II ....................
Annex 90 . Page 216 of the Ye~rbookof the International hw Com-
mission.1953.Vol. II .......................
Annex 91 . Page 95 ofthe UnitedNations Conferenceon the Law of the
Sea. s ci alRecords,Vol .VI ...................
Annex 93 . Annex Il to Limitsin the Sem. No. 871.......... ....XVI CONTENTS . TABLE DES MATI~RES
Chapter II1. History of relevant relations between thePartic.....
Meeting of 12-13 July 1972 ....................
Meeting of 23 April 1973 .....................
Message from the Prime Minister of Malta to the Chairrnan of the
Revolutionary Command Council of Libya. 23April 1973 ....
Meeting of 26 April 1973 .....................
Meeting of 3July 1973 ......................
Comvember 1973of ..........................to Libya. 27 No-
Memorandum from Malta. 1 January 1974 ............
Messagefrom Malta. 25 March 1974 ...............
TaIks betweenMaIta and Libya. IO ApriI1974 ...........
Agreement between Malta and Texaco Malta Inc., 31 May 1974 . .
Malta'sNote. 8 August 1974 ...................
Libya'swarning letters.8 June 1975 ................
Malta'swarning letters. 17and 23June 1975 ............
Ratificationofothe Special Agreementt .................
PARTIII .THE LAW ..........................
Chapter IV .Malta'sequidistance line ................
1. Malta'sdelimitation ......................
2. The confirmation of the equitable character of the equidistance
method by State practice ....................
Chapter V . The importance of the geographical facts.........
1.factsp.............................. must reflect the geographicai
2 . The significant geographical factsin the present case: two coastal
States in an entirely normal settin...............
3 . The significant role of short abutting coasts in delimitat...
4 .The relationships of the coasts of Malta and Libya rule out
application of the criterion of proportionali..........
5 .Conclusion: the foundations of an equitable solution ......
Chapter VI . Malta'sentitlement asan island State ..........
1.The elements of entitlement ..................
(1) The generally recognised significance of islands in maritime
delimitation ........................
(2) The importance of the exercise of political authority ascen-
tral element in the legaiconception of shelfright......
(3) The principle of equality of States.............
(4) The entitlement of island States and dependencies to appur-
(5) Recognition of the entitlement of island States in doctri. .
(6) The Conventions of 1958and 1982 .............
2 . The entitlement of island States : further evide........
3 .Conclusion ..........................
Chthe context of the present delimitation...............law applicable in
1.Introduction ..........................XVIll CONTENTS . TABLEDES MATIGRES
7.Considerations of stability as an aspect of an equitable soluti.n
8. The equitablenessof equidistance in the present case......
Chapter VI1 1The premisesof continental shelfdelimitation .....
1.The premises ofequitable delimitation .............
(a)particular casee.......................ographicalfacts in each
(b)Whcre the coasts of two States are opposite each other thc
median linc will nonnally bring about an cquitable result. .
(c)Equity does not necessarily imply the elimination of geogra-
phical differencesby iegalmeans ..............
(d) Even when it is applicablein limine, the concept of natural
prolongation is subordinate to the satisfaction of equitablc
principles .........................
(e)The generalcode of delimitationconsistsof equitableprinciplcs
2. Certain equitable considerations of particular relevance in the
present case ..........................
(a)The absenu of land-based energy rcsources .........
(b)The requirements of Malta as an island developing country
(c) The geographical range of fishing activity........
(d)marine areas o........................ontrol of adjacent sub-
3. to the present case.......................nsiderations relevant
Chapter IX. The appropriate method of delimitation .........
1. Malta'sclaim to a median line .................
2. The test of appropriateness...................
3. equidistance methodn-......................tes use of the
4. The trapezium as the equitable reflection of the equidistance
method ............................
5. Thc relevance of the distance principle in confirming the legality
of the median line ........................
6. The irrelevance of proportionality in this c..........
7. The equitable solution indicated in State practice is the median line
8. The mtdian line is the legallyappropriate delimitation.....
Chapter X . The equitable solution..................
1. The neussary conclusion ....................
2. The significanceof island States ................
3. The delimitation of areas dividing opposite Stat........
4. The customary law provenance of the equidistance method ...
5. The principal considerationsjustifying Malta'sdelimitation...
SUBMISSIONS .............................
Annexes to theMemorial of Malta
Annex 1 . The Continental ShelfAct. 1966 ..............
Annex 23. Declaration by the Government of the Republic of Malta.
concerning the neutrality of Malta................. CONTENTS. TABLE DES MATIÈRES XIX
Page
Annex 4 .Draft Delimitation Agreement proposedby Malta on 12-13
Iuly 1972 ............................. 516
Annex 5. Draft Delimitation Agreementproposedby Libyaon 23April
1973 ............................... 518
Annex 6 Letter sent byLibyato Texaco Malta Inc.......... 519
Annex 7.Letter sent by LibyatJOC Oil Lt............ 521
Annex 8 . Letter sent by Libya to SNPA............... 524
Annex 9 Letter sent by Malta to CFP ............... 525
Annex II0.Draft Special Agreement presentedby MaIta to Libya on 526
3January 1976 ......... ;................ 527
Annex 12 . Draft Special Agreement presentedby Libya to Malta on
27January 1976(Englishtext) .................. 529
Annex 13. Ratification of Special Agreement by Malta. 28 May
1976 .............. :................ 530
Annex 14 . Letter from the Prime Minister of Malta of 3 December
1976 ................................ 531
Annex 15. Letter from the Prime Minister of Malta of 14 January
1978 ................................ 533
Ann197816...............................r of MaIta of 12 May 534
Annex 17 Maita'snote to Libyaof 21 November 1979 ........ 535
Annex 18 Libyannote to Malta of 10May 1980 .......... 537
Annex 19 . Malta'snote toLibya of 21 May 1980 .......... 538
Annex 20. Agreement between Denmark and Norway concerning
the Faroe Islands ......................... 539
Annex 21. CIaims to a 200-mile exclusive economic zoneas listed
by the United States Department of State............. 539
Annex 22 AgreementbetweenBahrain and Iran, 17June 1971 .... 539
Annex 24.AAgreement betweenIndia and Maldives, 28uDecember 1976 54039
Annex 25. AgreementbetweenCuba and the UnitedStatesof America,
16December1977 ........................ 540
Annex 26 . AgreementbetweenColombiaand the DominicanRepublic.
13January 1978 ......................... 540
Annex 27. AgreementbetweenColombia and Haiti, 17February 1978 540
Annex 28. Agreement between the Dominican Republic and Ven-
ezuela,3 March 1979 ....... m................ 541
Annex 29. Agreement between the United Kingdom and Venezuela
Annexce30. AgreementbetweenBahrain and Saudi Arabia,22 February 541
1958 ............................... 541
Annex 31 Agreements between Australiaand Indonesia ....... 541
Annex 32. Agreement betweenIndonesia and Singapore,25 May 1973 542
Annex 33. Agreement between India and Sri Lanka, 23 March 1976 542
Annex 34 National legislatio- Bahamas ............. 542
Annex 35 National legislatio- Barbados ............. 542
Annex 36 National legislatio- Comoros ............. 543
Annex 37 National legislatio- Fiji ................ 543
Annex 339 National legislatio-nIceland .............. 544
Annex 40 National legislati-n Kiribati .,............ 544XX CONTENTS - TABLE DES MATIÈRES
Annex 41. National legislation--Nauru - . . . . . . . . ... . . . .
Annex 42. National legislation - NewZealand . . . . . . . .. . .
Annex 43. National legislation - Solomon Islands ... .. . . . . . .
Annex 44. National legislation-Tuvalu . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 45. National legislation-Western Samoa . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 47. National lcgislation by New Zealand concerning Cook . . .
Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . :. . . .
Annex 48. Legislationby NewZealand concemingTokelau. . . . . .
Annex 49, Legislation by the United Kingdom concerning Turks and
Caicos Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... .
Annex 50. Agreement between Norway and the United Kingdom
Annex31. Agreement bctween India and Indonesia concerning Nico-. . .(. .
bar Islands and Sumatra, 8 August 1974 . . . . . . . . . . . . . :
Annex 52. Agreement between the United States of America and
VenezuelaconcerningPuerto Rico, 28March 1978 . . .. . . . . .
Annex 53. AgreementbetweenIndia and Thailand concerning Nicobar
Islands,22 June 1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 54. Agreement between Australia and France conceming
Annex) N55.aAgreementbetweenCuba and Haiti,ds,4 J27uOctober 1977 . . . ..
Annex 56. Agreement between France and Tonga concerning Wallis
and Futuna Islands, 1 IJanuary 1980 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 57. .Agreement bctween France and Mauritius concerning
Reunion, 2April 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . :.. . . ..
Annex 58. Agreement between New Zealand and'theUnited States of
Amenca concerningCook Islandsand AmericanSamoa, 11June 1980
AnnArnericaconcerning Tokelauand AmericanSamoa, 2 December 1980
Annex 60. Agreement between France and St. Lucia conceming Mar-
tinique, 4 March 1981 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 61. Agreementbetween Italy and Yugoslavia,8 January 1968 .
Annex 62. Agreement betweenltaly and Tunisia, 20 August 1971 . .
Annex 63. Agreementbetweenltaly and Spain, 19February 1974 . ...
Annex 64. Agreementbetween Greeceand Italy, 24 May 1977 . .. . .
Annex 66. Note Verbalefrom Itaiyto Malta, 29Apnl 1970ember 1965. . . . .
Annex 67. Note Verbalefrom Italy to Malta, 6 March 1981 . . . . .
Annex 68. Additional matenal relating to island developingStates . .
Certification . . . . ; . .. . . . .': . . . . . . . . .'. . . . . .SPECIAL AGREEMENT
COMPROMISTHE SECRETARYOF THE PEOPLE'SCOMMITTEEFORTHE
PEOPLE'S FOREIGNLIAISON BUREAU OF THE SOCIALIST
PEOPLES LIBYANARABJAMAHIRIYAAND THE MINISTER
FOR FOREIGNAFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLICOF MALTATO
THE REGISTRAR OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF
JUSTICE
19July 1982.
On behalfof the SocialistPeople'sLibyanArab Jamahinya and the Republic
of Malta, and pursuant to Article40, paragraph 1, ofthe Statute of the Intema-
tional Court of Justice and Article 39 of the Rules of Court, we have the
honour tonotify you of and to transmit to you a certifiedcopy of the Arabic
and Englishtexts of a Special Agreement concluded
"betweenthe Socialist People'sLibyan Arab Jamahiriya and the Republic
of Malta for the submission to the International Court of Justice of
difference".
The Special Agreementwassigned at Valletta23nMay 1976,correspond-
ingto 24 Jumada al-Ula 1396A.H., and came in10force in accordance with
its Article IV on the date of the exchange of the instruments of ratification
thereof, whichtook placeatllettaon 20 March 1982.
Itwas registered jointly by the two Parties with the United Nations Secre-
tariat, in accordance with Article 102of the Charter of the United Nations,on
19 April 1982.
We further have the honour to inform you, pursuant to Article 40 of the
Rules of Court, that
(i)Dr. Abdelrazeg El-Murtadi Suleiman, Professor of International Law at
the University of Garyounis, Benghazi, hasbeen appointed Agent for the
Socialist People'sLibyan Arab Jamahiriya for theses of the present
case. Communicationsconcerningthe casecould beaddressedto the Agent
at the Permanent Missionof the SocialistPeople'sLibyanArab Jamahiriya
to the United Nations,47 Avenu: Blanc, 1202Geneva, Switzerland.
(ii) Dr. Edgar Mizzi, Chairman, Malta Law Commission and Special Legal
Adviser to the Govemment of Malta, has been appointed Agent of the
Republic of Maltafor the purposes of the present case and hisaddressfor
serviceat the seat of the Courtl be Dr. Edgar Miui, Agent of Maita
before the International Court of Justice, clo Blackslone, Rueb and van
Boeschoten, Koninginnegracht 27,2514A%Gravenhage.
We request you to be so kind as to submit the above-mentioned Special
Agreementto the Court.
For the SocialistPeople's For the Govemment of
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya the Republicof Malta:
(Signe Adbdel-AtiIbrahim Et OBEIDI, (Signed)AlexSceberraTRIGONA,
Secretary of the People's Ministerfor
Committeefor the People's Foreign Affairs.
Foreign Liaison Bureau.4 CONTINENTAL SHELF
Enclosures :
1. Certified copyof the Arabic and Englishtexts of the Special Agreementof
23 May 1976.
2. Two exchangedletters dated 23 May 1976concerningthe oralhearings.
3. Certified copy of the Arabic and English texts ofthe 'Procks-Verbalof
exchangeof instruments of ratification of the Special Agreementof 23 May
1976,which took placeon 20 Match 1982.
4. Certified copy and certified English translation of the instrument of ratifi-
cation of the Special Agreementof 23 May 1976by the Socialist People's
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.
5. Certified copy and certifieciArabic translation of the instrument of ratifica-
tion of the Special Agreementf 23 May 1976by the Republic of Malta.
The Hague,26July 1982.
We, the Agent of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jarnahiriya and the
Agent of the Republic of Malta certify that the pages attached hcreto and
initialledby us constitute true and completecopiesof the originaldocuments.
(Signed)AbdelrazegELMURTAD SIULEIMAN (Signed)Edgar MIZZI. SPEClAL AGREEMENT 5
8 .,:
1. SPECIALAGREEMEK TETWEEN THE GOVERNMEN O F THE REPUBLIC OF
MALTA AND. THE GOVERNMEN OF THE LIBYAN ARAB.REPUBLIC FOR THE
SUBMISSIO NOTHE ~NTERNAT~ONAL COURT OF JUSTIC EF DIFFERENCE
The Government of the Republic of Malta and the Government of the
Libyan Arab Republic agreeto recoursc to the International Court of Justice
as follows:
Article 1
The Court isrequested to decidethe followingquesti:n
What principlesand rules of international laware applicableto the delimita-
tion of the area of the continental shelf whichappertains to the Republic of
Malta and the area of continental shelf whichappertains to the Libyan Arab
Republic, and how in practiceuch pnnciples and rules can be applied by the
two Parties in this particular case in order that they may without difficuIty
dtlimit suchareasby an agreementasprovidcd in ArticlIII.
ArticleII
1. The proceedingsshall consistof written pleadings andoral hearings.
2. Without prejudice to any question of the burden of proof, the written
pleadingsshaü consist of the followingdocuments:
(a) Mernorialsto be submitted simultaneouslyto the Court byeach Party and
exchanged with one another within a periodofinc months from the date
of the notification of this agreementto the Registrar of the Court.
(b) Repliesto besimilarlysubmittedto the Court byeach Party and exchanged
with one another within four months afterthe date of the submissions of
the mernorialsto the Rcgistrar.'
(c) Additional written pleadings may beprtsented and exchangtd in the same
manner within periods whichshall be fixed by the Court at the request of
one of the parties, or if the Court soides aftcr consultation with the
two Parties.
3. The question of the order of speaking at the oral hearings shall be de-
cided by mutual agreement between the Parties but in al1cases the order of
speaking adopted shall be withoutrejudice to any question of the burden of
proof.
ArticleIII
Following the final decision of the International Court of Justice the
Government of the Republic of Malta and the Govcmment of the Libyan
Arab Republic shali enter into negotiations for determining theofrtheir
respective continental shelves and for concluding an agreement for that pur-
pose in accordance with the decisionof the Court.
ArticleIV
This agreementshall enter into force on the date of exchange of instruments
of ratificationby thetwo Govemments,and shallbe.notifiedjointly to the Regis-
trar of the Court.6 CONTINENTA LHELF
Done intwooriginalsatVaiittta,Malta,this23rddayof Ma1976coms-
pondingto 24JoumadaElOula1396 W intheEnglishandArabiclanguagcs
bothtcxtsbeingqudy authentic.
FortheGovcrnmcnt For theGovemment
ofthe Republicof Malta oftheLibyanArabRepublic
(Signed)WistiABELA, (Sipd) TahaSherifBENAMER,
Ministeof Devclopment. Ministcof Statefor
RevolutionarCommandCouncilAffairs. CONTINENTAL SHELF
+ l, 1 1 Y (1
e Li 1pJ1, i cL;QIL jL;:, 3 &L 61 &ll.yr (Y
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-
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: GI2 ALL <+l LLI,~! 2 iLUI (IL, AL
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--L &I ri; .JL Ja+I ;ZIUl Lpj * ,+si
&GY1 & $Id SPECIALAGREEMENT
THEMINISTEROFDEVELOPMENT OFTHEREPUBLICOFMALTATO
THEMINISTEROFSTATEFORREVOLUTIONARC YOMMANDCOUNCILAFFAIRS
OFTHE SOClALlSTPEOPLESLIBYANARABJAMAHlRlYA
1 have the honour to refer to paragraph 3 of ArticleII of the Special
Agreemenkfor the Submission to the International Court of Justofa Dif-
ference, signed between our two Governments in Valletta on 23 May 1976,
corresponding to 24Jumada El Oula 1396H.
I have the honour to suggest that at the oral hearings the represeofatives
the RepublicofMalta willspeak first.
If this suggestiisacceptable to Your Excellency'sGovernment, this letter
and Your Excellency's replyconfirming acceptance of the suggestion, will
constitute an agreement between our two Governments on the matter and will
be read and construed as one with the Special Agreement referredto above.
.(Signed)Wistin ABELA.
THE MINISTEROFSTATEFORREVOLUTIONARC YOMMANDCOUNCILAFFAIRS
OFTHE SOClALlSTPEOPLESLIBYANARABJAMAHIRIYA TO
THEMINISTEROFDEVELOPMENT OF THEREPUBLICOFMALTA
1 have the honour to refer to your letter signed on 24 Jumada EI Oula
1396 H corresponding to 23 May 1976 which translated in the Arabic lan-
guage readsasfollows:
1 "1have the honour to refer to paragrap3 of Article II of the Special
Agreement for the Submission to the International CouofJustice of a
Difference, signed betweenour two Governments in Valletta on 23 May
1976,corresponding to 24Jumada El Oula 1396H.
1 have the honour to suggest that at the oral hearings the representa-
tives of the Republic of Malta willspeak first.
If this suggestion is acceptable to Your Excellency'sGovernment, this
letter and Your Excellency's replyconfirming acceptance of the sugges-
tion, will constitute an agreement between Ourtwo Governments on the
matter and will be read and construasone with the Special Agreement
referred to above."
1 have the honour to confirm that the Government of the Libyan Arab
Republic accepls the contents of the above-rnentionedletter.
(Signed)TahaShed BEN AMER.CONTINENTALSHELF SPECIALAGREEMENT
1tY-l,+L TT-12 CONTINENTA SHELF
3.PROCES-VERBA OFTHE EXCHANGO EFINSTRUMENT OF RATIFICATIOOF
THE SPEC~ALAGREEMEN TETWEEN THE SOCIALISPEOPLE'SLIBYAN ARAB
JAMAHIR~Y AND THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA FOR THE SUBMISSIONTO THE
INTERNATIONC ALURTOFJUSTICEOF DIFFERENCE
In the city of Vallett25Jumadi al-Ula 139P.D. ,orresponding to
20 March 1982, Mr. Abdulati Ibrahim El-Obeidi, Seofethe People's
Cornmittee of the Popular Bureau for Foreign Liaison of the Socialist People's
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and Dr. Alex Sceberras Trigona, Minister of Foreign
Affairs of the Republic of Malta, exchanged the Instruments of Ratification of
the Special Agreement betweenthe two countries concerning thtosubmission
the International Court of Justice of Difference.
In confirmation of the foregoing, they signed the present Procés-Verbalin
the Arabic and Englishlanguagesboth texts beingequally authentic.
(Signed) Abdulati Ibrahim EL-OBEIDI,igned)-AlexSceberras TRIGONA,
Secretary of the People- Cornmittee Minister of Foreign Affairs
of the Popular Bureau for of the Republic of Malta.
Foreign Liaison.SPECIALAGREEMENT CONTINENTAL SHELF
4 AND S. INSTRUMENT OSF RATIF~CA~ON
1, Abdulati Ibrahim El-Obeidi, Secretary of the People'sCommittee of the
Popular Bureau for Foreign Liaison of the Socialist People's LibyanArab
Jamahiriya, having regardto the ratification by the BasicPopular Congress in
theirOrdinary Sessionfor the year 1980of the SpecialAgreement betweenthe
Socialist People'sLibyan Arab Jamahinya and the Republic of Malta for the
submission to the International Court of Justice of Difference signcdin Val-
letta on 24Jumadi Al-Ula 1396H. corresponding to 23 May 1976.
I declare the Socialist People'sLibyan Arab Jamahiriya'sratification of the
above-mentionedAgreement.
In witnessthereof,havesignedthis instrument and affixedthereto the Seal
of the People'sBureau for Foreign Liaison.
Done at Tripoli, 24 Jumadi AI-Ula 1391P.D. corresponding to 19 March
1982.
(SignedA )bdulati Ibrahim ELOBEIDI,
Secretary of the People's Committee
of the Popular Bureau for Foreign Liaison.
1, Dom Mintoff, Prime Minister and Minister of Commonwealth and
Foreign Affairsof the Republic of Malta, declares that the Special Agreement
betweenthe Government of the Republic ofMalta and the Government of the
Libyan Arab Republic for the Submission to the International Court of Jus-
tice of Difference, signedatlletta on the 23rd May, 1976,is ratified by the
Government of the Republic of Malta as required by Article IV of the said
Agreement.
Signed and sealed with the Seal of the Ministry of Commonwealth and
Foreign Affairsin Valletta, Malta, this 28th day of May, one thousand ninc
hundkd and seventy-six.
(Signed) Dom MiNïOFF.SPECIALAGREEMENTCONTINENTALSHELF
Compromis