INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING
APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE SUPPRESSION
OF THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM AND OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
(UKRAINE V. RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
VOLUME XVII OF THE ANNEXES
TO THE MEMORIAL
SUBMITTED BY UKRAINE
12 JUNE 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Annex 528 Mumin Shakirov, I was An Opposition Fighter in Ukraine, The Atlantic (14
July 2014)
Annex 529 Peter Leonard, Ukraine: Air Force Jet Downed by Russian Missile,
Associated Press (17 July 2014)
Annex 530 RT, Malaysian Airlines plane crash: Russian military unveil data on MH17
incident over Ukraine (FULL), YouTube (21 July 2014)
Annex 531 Max Seddon, Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before
Malaysian Plane Was Downed, Buzzfeed News (22 July 2014)
Annex 532 Shaun Walker, Ukrainians Report Sightings of Missile Launcher on Day of
MH17 Crash, The Guardian (22 July 2014)
Annex 533 Courtney Weaver, Malofeev: The Russian Billionaire Linking Moscow to the
Rebels, Financial Times (24 July 2014)
Annex 534 Alfred de Montesquiou, Un camion volé pour transporter le lance-missiles,
Paris Match (25 July 2014)
Annex 535 Thomas Grove & Warren Strobel, Special Report: Where Ukraine's
separatists get their weapons, Reuters (29 July 2014)
Annex 536 Christopher Miller, Russian Resigns to Make Way for Ukrainian as New
Head of ‘Donetsk People’s Republic,’ Guardian (8 August 2014)
Annex 537 Roland Oliphant, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky & Tom Parfitt, Russian Armoured
Vehicles And Military Trucks Cross Border Into Ukraine, The Telegraph (14
August 2014)
Annex 538 Shaun Walker, Aid Convoy Stops Short of Border as Russian Military
Vehicles Enter Ukraine, The Guardian (15 August 2014)
Annex 539 Shaun Walker, Ukraine Rebel Leader Says He Has 1,200 Fighters ‘Trained in
Russia’ Under His Command, The Guardian (16 August 2014)
Annex 540 Roland Oliphant, Russian Paratroopers Captured in Ukraine ‘Accidentally
Crossed Border’, The Telegraph (26 August 2014)
Annex 541 BBC News, Ukraine Crisis: Key Players in Eastern Unrest (28 August 2014)
Annex 542 MKRU, The DPR and LPR Promise Kiev That They Will Remain Part of
Ukraine in Exchange for Recognition of Their Status (1 September 2014)
Annex 543 Petyr Kozlov & Alexey Nikolsky, The Self-Proclaimed Republics in the East
of Ukraine Put Forward their “Negotiation Demands” to Kiev, Vedomosti (2
September 2014)
Annex 544 Tatyana Popova, Leaders of the Outrages of the DNR, Ukrainska Pravda (23
September 2014)
Annex 545 Glavcom, Igor (Bes) Bezler: I Don’t Watch TV - I don’t Know About the Minsk
Agreements (21 October 2014)
Annex 546 Zavtra, Who Are You, Shooter? (20 November 2014)
Annex 547 Alexander Borodai: I am a Russian Imperialist, Actual Comment (24
November 2014)
Annex 548 MKRU, Colonel of the FSB Igor Strelkov Called the Senseless Assault on the
Donetsk Airport (1 December 2014)
Annex 549 James Rupert, How Russians are Sent to Fight in Ukraine, Newsweek (6
January 2015)
Annex 550 Large Military Staging Ground Detected in Russia, The Interpreter Magazine
(7 January 7 2015)
Annex 551 CORRECT!V, Flug MH17: Der Weg Der Buk-Einheit (9 January 2015)
Annex 552 Maddie Smith, Ten Civilians Killed in Ukrainian Bus Attack as Donetsk
Airport Control Tower is Destroyed, VICE (13 January 2015)
Annex 553 Mariupol City Council, City Mayor Yuri Hotlubey and Donetsk Oblast Public
Prosecutor Nikolai Frantovsky Held a Briefing at Which They Described the
Current Situation in Mariupol (VIDEO) (24 January 2015)
Annex 554 Oleksandr Stashevskiy, Rebels Launch Ukraine Offensive After Bloddy Bus
Strike, AFP (24 January 2015)
Annex 555 Oleksandr Stashevsky and Dmitry Zaks, Ukraine Rebels Announce New
Offensive as Rockets Kill 30, AFP (24 January 2015)
Annex 556 Viktoria Savitskaya, Mariupol Recovers after Shelling, LB.ua (24 January
2015)
Annex 557 Stephen Brown and Noah Barkin, Merkel Rules Out Arming Ukraine
Government But Unsure Peace Push Will Work, Reuters (7 February 2015)
Annex 558 Lb.ua, Media Publish the Demands of the DPR and LPR for the Resolution
of the Conflict (Documents) (11 February 2015)
Annex 559 Zn.ua, The DPR’s and LPR’s Proposals at the Negotiations in Minsk (11
February 2015)
Annex 560 Vladimir Soldatkin and Pavel Polityuk, “Glimmer of Hope” for Ukraine After
New Ceasefire Deal, Reuters (12 February 2015)
Annex 561 Linda Kinstler, A Ukrainian City Holds Its Breath, Foreign Policy (20
February 2015)
Annex 562 Deadly Bomb Blast Hits Rally In Ukraine , Al Jazeera (22 February 2015)
Annex 563 Kiev Blames Russia, L.A. Times (22 February 2015)
Annex 564 The Interpreter Magazine, We All Knew What We Were Going For and What
Could Happen (English translation of an interview in Novaya Gazeta by
Elena Kostyuchenko dated 2 March 2015)
Annex 565 BBC News, Putin Reveals Secrets of Russia's Crimea Takeover Plot (9 March
2015)
Annex 566 DW, Putin reveals details of decision to annex Crimea, (9 March 2015)
Annex 567 Meduza, I Serve the Russian Federation!’ Soldiers Deployed During the
Annexation of Crimea Speak (16 March 2015)
Annex 568 Maxim Tucker, Russia Launches Next Deadly Phase of Hybrid War on
Ukraine, Newsweek (31 March 2015)
Annex 569 Olga Ivshyna, Commander of the “Special Forces of the DPR”: Russia’s Help
was Decisive, BBC Russia (31 March 2015)
Annex 570 Corey Flintoff, Bomb Attacks Increase In Ukraine's Second-Largest City,
Kharkiv, NPR (6 April 2015)
Annex 571 Simon Shuster, Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing
Campaign in Ukraine, TIME (10 April 2015)
Annex 572 Zoya Lukyanova, Translator for the DPR: “This is a Performance for the
Whole World,” LB.ua (21 April 2015)
Annex 573 David Stern, Lethal Divisions Persist in Ukraine’s Odessa, BBC News (2 May
2015)
Annex 574 Maria Tsvetkova, Special Report: Russian Soldiers Quit Over Ukraine,
Reuters (10 May 2015)
Annex 575 Michael Usher Travels to Ukraine to Track the Missile that Shot Down MH17,
60 Minutes Australia (17 May 2015)
Annex 576 Maria Tsvetkova, Special Report: Russian fighters, caught in Ukraine, cast
adrift by Moscow, Reuters (29 May 2015)
Annex 577 Jo Becker & Steven Lee Myers, Russian Groups Crowdfund the Wars in
Ukraine, N.Y. Times (11 June 2015)
Annex 578 Tomasz Piechal, The War Republics In The Donbas One Year After The
Outbreak Of The Conflict, OĞrodek Studiów Wschodnich (17 June 2015)
Annex 579 Corey Flintoff, Who’s Behind a String of Bombings in Ukraine’s Black Sea
‘Pearl’?, NPR (1 July 2015).
Annex 580 John Thornhill, Fear Vladimir Putin’s Weakness Not His Strength, The
Financial Times (17 August 2015)
Annex 581 Anton Zverev, OSCE says spots deadly Russian rocket system in Ukraine for
first time, Reuters (2 October 2015)
Annex 582 BBC News, Ukraine Rebels Have Powerful New Russian-Made Rockets -
OSCE (2 October 2015)
Annex 583 The Russian Secret Behind Ukraine’s Self-Declared ‘Donetsk Republic’,
France 24 (15 October 2015) (video)
Annex 584 Robert Hackwill, Caught Red-Handed: the Russian Major Fighting in
Ukraine, EuroNews (8 December 2015)
Annex 585 The Guardian, Putin Admits Russian Military Presence in Ukraine for the
First Time (17 December 2015).
Annex 586 Julian Röpcke, How Russia Finances the Ukrainian Rebel Territories, Bild
(16 January 2016)
Annex 587 Anna Shamanska, Former Commander of Pro-Russian Separatists Says He
Executed People Based on Stalin-Era Laws, Radio Free Europe / Radio
Liberty (19 January 2016).
Annex 588 Examining the Evidence of Russia’s Involvement in a Malaysia Airlines
Crash, Stratfor (13 May 2016)
Annex 589 Desire to Break Free from Ukraine Keeps Devastated Donetsk Fighting, PBS
Newshour (5 July 2016)
Annex 590 Mironov Promises Draft Bill “On the Status of the Donbas Militas, RIA.ru (14
September 2016).
Annex 591 Henry Meyer and Onur Ant, Analysis: The Russian ‘Philosopher’ Who Links
Putin, Bannon, Turkey: Alexander Dugin, Chicago Tribune (3 February 2017)
Annex 592 John Wendle, In Avdiivka, Ukrainians See Surge in Fighting as Putin Testing
Trump, TIME (3 February 2017)
Annex 593 Al Jazeera, Avdiivka Civilians Caught in Crossfire as Clashes Rage (5
February 2017).
Annex 594 John Wendle, Avdiivka, Evacuating Again as Fighting Escalates, Al Jazeera
(8 February 2017)
Annex 595 Anton Zverev, Ex-Rebel Leaders Detail Role Played by Putin Aide in East
Ukraine, Reuters (11 May 2017)
Annex 596 Nikolaus von Twickel, South Ossetia: A ‘Little Switzerland’ for Donbas?,
EURASIANET.org (31 May 2017)
Annex 597 Prosecutor General's Office Put Zhirinovsky In Suspicion Of Financing
Terrorism, Front New International (23 August 2017)
Annex 528
Mumin Shakirov, I was An Opposition Fighter in Ukraine, The Atlantic (14 July 2014)
Annex 529
Peter Leonard, Ukraine: Air Force Jet Downed by Russian Missile, Associated Press (17 July
2014)
Annex 530
RT, Malaysian Airlines plane crash: Russian military unveil data on MH17 incident over Ukraine
(FULL), YouTube (21 July 2014)
Annex 531
Max Seddon, Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was
Downed, Buzzfeed News (22 July 2014)
6/6/2018 Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was Downed
https://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/locals-say-rebels-moved-missile-launcher-shortly-before-mala?utm_term=.oy71MvrKo#.rijV2RKW7 1/8
WORLD
Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian
Plane Was Downed
Local accounts undermine the rebels' argument that they do not own such weapons.
Posted on July 22, 2014, at 3:43 p.m.
Max Seddon
BuzzFeed News World Correspondent
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6/6/2018 Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was Downed
https://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/locals-say-rebels-moved-missile-launcher-shortly-before-mala?utm_term=.oy71MvrKo#.rijV2RKW7 2/8
Another video posted on Thursday purportedly shows the Buk driving into Torez shortly
before noon. The video could not be verified, but correlated with accounts given by
local eyewitnesses.
youtube.com
A photo released by Ukrainian intelligence purportedly showing a Buk S-11 missile being driven through the town of Torez on the day
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 was downed.
Via facebook.com
TOREZ, Ukraine — Its white metal shutters are down and business is slow, but this nondescript home
improvement store in a decaying rebel-controlled east Ukrainian industrial town could be key to
establishing who downed Malaysia Airlines Flight 17.
Several locals near the StroiDom store in Torez, about 10 miles from where the plane crashed, said
Tuesday that they had seen what appeared to be a missile launcher driving through their town a few
hours before the plane was shot down last Thursday. Their story appears to corroborate Ukrainian
claims that the separatist rebels had a sophisticated missile launcher and drove it to the site that
Ukrainian and U.S. intelligence say was used to fire on the Boeing 777 jet, killing all 298 on board.
BuzzFeed visited the site where a photo was taken purportedly showing the launcher, which Ukraine
says was a Buk SA-11 surface-to-air complex, driving through Torez around lunchtime on the day of
the attack. The photo purportedly shows it being driven past the filling area at a gas station on the
town's main street across from the hardware store. The road was ridden with tire treads from heavy
equipment.
6/6/2018 Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was Downed
https://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/locals-say-rebels-moved-missile-launcher-shortly-before-mala?utm_term=.oy71MvrKo#.rijV2RKW7 3/8
Several locals said that the launcher had driven down Gagarina Street, one of the town's main
thoroughfares, toward the town of Snizhne, near where Ukraine and the U.S. say the missile was
fired. Though convoys of heavy equipment have become a regular sight in Torez since the conflict
between pro-Russian separatists and the government in Kiev started in April, workers in one store
said that the one that passed through last Thursday was much louder than ones they had seen
before.
The locals all asked not to be identified for fear of reprisal from the rebels, who control the town.
Many of the residents who spoke to BuzzFeed denied knowing anything about the launcher or
claimed that it had never passed through the town.
Moscow and the rebels both deny that the separatists ever possessed a Buk, though the rebels
crowed about capturing one on Twitter and in Russian state media in late June. On Monday, Russian
generals released data that they said showed Ukraine could have either shot the plane down from its
own surface-to-air missiles in the area or from a fighter jet that trailed the plane. Ukrainian President
Petro Poroshenko dismissed the accusations.
While the locals' accounts do not prove that the rebels fired the missile, they do undermine their
denials of ever owning such a system. The entire area around Torez is rebel-controlled, and there are
rebel checkpoints on all the entrances to town.
The U.S. says it has satellite data showing a missile was fired at the plane later on
Thursday from a field outside Snizhne.
6/6/2018 Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was Downed
https://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/locals-say-rebels-moved-missile-launcher-shortly-before-mala?utm_term=.oy71MvrKo#.rijV2RKW7 4/8
BuzzFeed also visited the location where this photo, uploaded to Twitter on Thursday,
was taken, apparently capturing the trail of smoke from the rocket in a field south of
Snizhne.
Хуевый
Торез
@WowihaY
свидетель
скинул фотку
момента
пуска
ракеты.На
горизонте
канатная
дорога между
Лутугина и
Цоф #Торез
граница
#Снежное
Thu Jul 17 16:23:38 UTC+0000 2014
Reply Retweet Favorite
http://U.S. Embassy Kiev
6/6/2018 Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was Downed
https://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/locals-say-rebels-moved-missile-launcher-shortly-before-mala?utm_term=.oy71MvrKo#.rijV2RKW7 5/8
ХуÐμвый ТорÐμз@WowihaYFollow
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12:23 PM - 17 Jul 14ReplyRetweetFavorite
Max Seddon is a correspondent for BuzzFeed World based in Berlin. He has reported from Russia, Ukraine,
Azerbaijan and across the ex-Soviet Union and Europe. His secure PGP fingerprint is 6642 80FB 4059 E3F7
BEBE 94A5 242A E424 92E0 7B71
The photo was presumably taken from a church or nearby bus stop on a hill overlooking the field in
the suburb of Pervomaiske. The area where the smoke is coming from has been the center of heavy
fighting in recent days. Constant shelling could be heard in the distance on Tuesday afternoon, and a
dark plume of smoke wafted over the horizon. Rebels manning checkpoints on the outskirts of
Snizhne said they had orders not to let any journalists into the town.
The vantage point of the photo also corresponds with recordings Ukraine posted a day after the
attack of what it said were rebels discussing moving the rocket. "You get there and Pervomaiske's
round there, look on the map," says a man on the recording identified as Sergei Petrovsky, a rebel
intelligence officer nicknamed "Gloomy."
"Get set up in that area somewhere, get the men you have left over there," continues the man
identified as Petrovsky. "Your job is backup, plus guarding the thing you're going to take over there."
6/6/2018 Locals Say Rebels Moved Missile Launcher Shortly Before Malaysian Plane Was Downed
https://www.buzzfeed.com/maxseddon/locals-say-rebels-moved-missile-launcher-shortly-before-mala?utm_term=.oy71MvrKo#.rijV2RKW7 6/8
Contact Max Seddon at [email protected].
Got a confidential tip? Submit it here.
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“‘I’m Sorry’ Is Not Enough”: Inside The Union Trial Of An Alleged Sexual Harasser
Tim Pawlenty’s Minnesota Comeback Hits A Snag
Annex 532
Shaun Walker, Ukrainians Report Sightings of Missile Launcher on Day of MH17 Crash, The
Guardian (22 July 2014)
Annex 533
Courtney Weaver, Malofeev: The Russian Billionaire Linking Moscow to the Rebels, Financial
Times (24 July 2014)
Annex 534
Alfred de Montesquiou, Un camion volé pour transporter le lance-missiles, Paris Match (25 July
2014)
Annex 535
Thomas Grove & Warren Strobel, Special Report: Where Ukraine's separatists get their
weapons, Reuters (29 July 2014)
Annex 536
Christopher Miller, Russian Resigns to Make Way for Ukrainian as New Head of ‘Donetsk
People’s Republic,’ Guardian (8 August 2014)
Annex 537
Roland Oliphant, Kamensk-Shakhtinsky & Tom Parfitt, Russian Armoured Vehicles And
Military Trucks Cross Border Into Ukraine, The Telegraph (14 August 2014)
Annex 538
Shaun Walker, Aid Convoy Stops Short of Border as Russian Military Vehicles Enter Ukraine,
The Guardian (15 August 2014)
Annex 539
Shaun Walker, Ukraine Rebel Leader Says He Has 1,200 Fighters ‘Trained in Russia’ Under His
Command, The Guardian (16 August 2014)
Annex 540
Roland Oliphant, Russian Paratroopers Captured in Ukraine ‘Accidentally Crossed Border’, The
Telegraph (26 August 2014)
Annex 541
BBC News, Ukraine Crisis: Key Players in Eastern Unrest (28 August 2014)
Ukraine crisis: Key players in eastern unrest - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-27211501[6/1/2018 6:06:57 PM]
28 August 2014
Ukraine crisis
Ukraine crisis: Key players in eastern unrest
The conflict in eastern Ukraine has escalated, with the pro-Russian separatists
admitting that many soldiers from Russia are helping them.
In July the devastating crash of a Malaysia Airlines jet in eastern Ukraine triggered
international outrage. Western governments suspect the plane was downed by a missile fired
from a rebel-held area.
Here we profile some of the key figures involved on both sides of the conflict, which erupted in
April when the separatists declared independence from the revolutionary, pro-Western
government in Kiev.
Alexander Zakharchenko - Donetsk rebel leader
A local field commander, Mr Zakharchenko became the "prime minister" of the self-styled
"Donetsk People's Republic" (DPR) in early August after his predecessor, Russian citizen
Alexander Borodai, announced he was stepping down.
On 28 August Mr Zakharchenko admitted that thousands of Russian citizens, including many
professional soldiers, were fighting alongside the separatists.
He said 3-4,000 Russians had joined the rebel ranks during the fighting and some had been
killed. "Moreover, many soldiers are coming to us from Russia who prefer to spend their
holidays not on the beach but shoulder-to-shoulder with their brothers, fighting for the freedom
of Donbass," he said.
His predecessor, Mr Borodai, had said "I am a Muscovite - Donbass should be led by a
genuine Donetsk native". He said he would stay on as first deputy prime minister.
It was seen as an effort to prove that the insurgency in eastern Ukraine was rooted locally, not
orchestrated by Moscow.
Alexander Zakharchenko was born in Donetsk in 1976 and after graduating from technical
school worked as a mine electrician. Russian media say that later he was a student at the law
institute of Ukraine's interior ministry and also tried his hand at being a businessman.
He was head of the Donetsk branch of the militant group Oplot ("Stronghold"). The
organisation was active in helping the former Ukrainian government clamp down on the pro-
Menu Search
Ukraine crisis: Key players in eastern unrest - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-27211501[6/1/2018 6:06:57 PM]
democracy Maidan protests in Kiev at the beginning of the year.
In May, Mr Zakharchenko was appointed rebel military commander of Donetsk and later
became DPR's "deputy interior minister". Reports say that right up to becoming "prime
minister" he was fighting the Ukrainian army and was wounded in the arm in late July.
Strelkov - rebel commander
Commonly known by his nom-de-guerre Strelkov (which translates loosely from Russian as
"Rifleman"), Igor Girkin has been one of the most effective rebel military commanders.
But his current whereabouts are a mystery, and it is not clear where he stands now in the
rebel hierarchy. He is a Russian citizen.
With a background in the Russian military, including service in Chechnya, Serbia and Trans-
Dniester, a self-proclaimed republic on the territory of Moldova, he commanded rebel forces in
their symbolic stronghold of Sloviansk before retreating with his men to Donetsk. He says he
was a reserve colonel in the FSB, Russia's Federal Security Service, until 31 March last year.
Until recently he was considered to be commander-in-chief of both the self-declared DPR and
the "Luhansk People's Republic" (LPR). The EU believes he works for Russian military
intelligence (the GRU), and has placed him under sanctions.
However, he has not been afraid to criticise Moscow, which he reproaches for failing to
intervene directly in the conflict.
Shortly before news emerged that Flight MH17 had disappeared, a statement attributed to
Strelkov (later deleted) appeared on Russian-language social media boasting that a Ukrainian
army cargo plane had been shot down. However, the only wreckage reported on 17 July was
that of the Malaysian airliner.
Strelkov, born in 1970, is said to be a military enthusiast who specialises in historical reenactment
and staged recreations of battles.
Vladimir Antyufeyev - Donetsk rebel politician
A veteran of the 1990s pro-Russian separatist rebellion in Moldova, Mr Antyufeyev emerged
as DPR "deputy prime minister" in July. He is known as a staunch defender of Russian state
interests in former Soviet republics.
Mr Antyufeyev was born in Russia and has spent his career in the police. He was already an
officer in Soviet times.
In the late 1980s, when the Soviet Union was beginning to collapse, he led an elite police unit
in Riga, Latvia, which attempted a crackdown on the Latvian independence movement.
He later resurfaced in Trans-Dniester, where he fought in the 1992 separatist revolt against
Moldovan troops, and became the founder and, for two decades, the sole head of the
breakaway region's powerful security ministry.
Ukraine crisis: Key players in eastern unrest - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-27211501[6/1/2018 6:06:57 PM]
In 2012 he fell out with the new regional leaders there, who launched a criminal investigation,
accusing him of abuse of power, stealing public funds and destroying sensitive evidence. He
fled to Moscow and lived there until the start of the Ukraine crisis.
Like some other rebel leaders Mr Antyufeyev is now on the EU sanctions list.
Igor Bezler and Alexander Khodakovsky - Donetsk rebel commanders
Igor Bezler is a prominent commander in charge of Horlivka, a city of 300,000 people northeast
of Donetsk. Born in Simferopol in Crimea, he has a Russian military background and
says he has both Russian and Ukrainian citizenship. He has refused to confirm or deny
serving in both Afghanistan and Chechnya.
Known as Bes (Demon), his voice was identified by Ukrainian security services in a series of
phone intercepts which they say proved that MH17 had been shot down by the separatists.
US officials say they have verified the calls.
Alexander Khodakovsky is the leader of the rebel Vostok (East) battalion based in the city of
Makiyivka. He is considered a defector from Ukraine's SBU security service and was once in
charge of an elite counter-terrorism squad, the Alpha unit.
Phone intercepts have linked him to attempts to stop the Malaysia Airlines plane's "black box"
flight recorders getting into the hands of investigators. A voice said to be his says he is acting
under orders from "our high-placed friends... in Moscow".
There are reported to be tensions between Mr Khodakovsky and Strelkov.
Pavel Gubarev - rebel figure
The self-styled "people's governor" of the DPR was released from custody in Kiev on 7 May in
exchange for three Ukrainian security service (SBU) officers held by pro-Russian militants in
Sloviansk.
He had faced charges of separatism and seizure of public buildings.
The 31-year-old founder of an advertising company is a former Donetsk district council
member from the fiercely pro-Russian Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine.
He emerged from obscurity soon after the toppling of President Viktor Yanukovych in
February and led the occupation of the regional administration building by hundreds of pro-
Russian activists.
Ihor Kolomoisky - Dnipropetrovsk governor
One of Ukraine's richest oligarchs has been in charge of the eastern Dnipropetrovsk region
since March.
Despite the initial controversy surrounding the appointment, the 51-year-old is now widely
credited with keeping the region with a large Russian-speaking population stable and largely
Ukraine crisis: Key players in eastern unrest - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-27211501[6/1/2018 6:06:57 PM]
violence-free.
Mr Kolomoisky, a Jewish community leader in Ukraine, finances the National Defence Force,
a militia fighting to keep Dnipropetrovsk region under Ukrainian control, Reuters news
agency reports. It operates in alliance with the Ukrainian armed forces.
He famously offered a $10,000 bounty to anyone who captured any Russian soldier on
Ukrainian soil. He also promised to pay $1,000 for each machine-gun handed over to the
authorities.
In addition, Mr Kolomoisky offered - and on at least one occasion paid - significant financial
rewards to Ukrainian troops who had successfully repelled attacks by separatists.
In retaliation, pro-Russian militants in the neighbouring Donetsk region have attacked and
ransacked branches of PrivatBank, which are owned by Mr Kolomoisky.
Rinat Akhmetov - Ukraine's richest person
After months apparently sitting on the fence, he threw his considerable resources behind a
united Ukraine and against the separatists, who he says are threatening a "genocide".
The 47-year-old, whose fortune is estimated at more than $11bn (£6.5bn), is one of the most
influential people in the Donbass - a historical region including the Donetsk and Luhansk
regions - where the insurgency is at its peak.
He has as many as 300,000 people employed in his coal and steel enterprises across the
region, according to Reuters news agency, and it is this workforce which he has shown he is
willing to use as leverage.
He called on his workers to lead the resistance to the separatists, by staging peaceful rallies
daily. Rebels were driven back in the southern city of Mariupol as a result.
Mr Akhmetov's allegiance had previously been unclear, since he was a close confidant of
former President Yanukovych, and has business links with Russia.
Serhiy Taruta - Donetsk governor
One of the Ukrainian government's key figures in the east, he was appointed governor of the
Donetsk region in order to assert its authority and quell the protests in the area.
He claims he never wanted to be a state governor. He is one of the founders of the
transnational metallurgical corporation ISD.
Forbes Ukraine lists him among the wealthiest citizens of the country, estimating his fortune at
$697m (£415m; 500m euros).
He says ousted President Yanukovych and his close allies, who fled the country in February,
are playing a crucial role in the separatist unrest in eastern Ukraine.
BBC Monitoring contributed material to this guide.BBC Monitoring reports and analyses
Ukraine crisis: Key players in eastern unrest - BBC News
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Annex 542
MKRU, The DPR and LPR Promise Kiev That They Will Remain Part of Ukraine in Exchange for
Recognition of Their Status (1 September 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
4/21/2018 The DPR and LPR promise Kiev that they will remain part of Ukraine in exchange for recognition of their status – Politics - MK
http://www.mk.ru/politics/2014/09/01/dnr-i-lnr-obeshhayut-kievu-sokhranit-edinstvo-ukrainy-v-obmen-na-priznanie-ikh-statusa.html
GO TO FULL VERSION
NEWS
LATEST EDITION
The DPR and LPR promise Kiev that they will remain part of Ukraine in exchange for
recognition of their status
At the contact group’s negotiations in Minsk, the rebels put forward a number of demands to the Ukrainian authorities
09.01.2014 at 15:50, views: 21272
Representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics are also demanding that the Kiev authorities cease the
anti-terrorism operation for free elections to be held, that a special status be given to their armed formations and that they be given
the right to appoint prosecutors and judges. In addition, they are insisting on the amnestying of political prisoners, rebels, politicians,
deputies and members of the Republics’ Cabinets of Ministers.
Photo: AP
On Monday, following a month-long break, the contact group for the management of the situation in Ukraine, which comprises
representatives from the RF, Kiev, the OSCE and also the South-East of Ukraine, resumed its work in Minsk. Participating in the group
on behalf of the Ukrainian side is former President, Leonid Kuchma, Russia is represented by its Ambassador to Ukraine, Mikhail
Zurabov. The self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s Republic is represented at the negotiations by Deputy Prime Minister Andrey Purgin,
and attending the meeting on behalf of the LPR was head of the Supreme Council, Aleksey Karyakin.
The list of demands put to the Ukrainian authorities was read out by DPR Deputy Prime Minister Andrey Purgin. “These are the initial
proposals for the consultative negotiation process,” he told journalists, clarifying that the Republics’ proposals to Kiev would comprise
“8-9 items.” “Today we are exchanging proposals, we’ll be trying to find areas of common interest.”
Representatives of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics are demanding that the Kiev authorities recognize the
special status of their territories, the special regime for maintaining order and the right of the Republics’ authorities to appoint
prosecutors and judges, the cessation of the anti-terrorism operation for free elections to be held, the amnestying of
1
4/21/2018 The DPR and LPR promise Kiev that they will remain part of Ukraine in exchange for recognition of their status – Politics - MK
http://www.mk.ru/politics/2014/09/01/dnr-i-lnr-obeshhayut-kievu-sokhranit-edinstvo-ukrainy-v-obmen-na-priznanie-ikh-statusa.html
political prisoners, rebels, politicians, deputies and members of the governments of the Republics, and also the creation of a
commission to draft the treaty on peaceful settlement in the Donbass and the restoration of the region. In addition, they are
demanding a guarantee of the right for the official use of the Russian language and the ability to engage in foreign economic activity
according to a special procedure, taking into account the deepening integration with Russia and the Customs Union.
In exchange for the acceptance of their conditions, the rebels have promised to preserve the unified economic, cultural and political
space of Ukraine. “If the aforementioned legislative guarantees are accepted under a guarantee from the EU and Russia, the People’s
Republics for their part guarantee that they will make their best efforts to maintain peace, preserve the unified economic, cultural and
political space of Ukraine and across Russian-Ukrainian civilization. For the sake of the cessation of the fratricidal war and in order to
fulfil the obligations we assumed during the negotiations, the People’s Republics will uphold these guarantees by accepting the
obligations of laws, acts and declarations that need to be fulfilled,” RIA Novosti cites the statement from the self-proclaimed Republics
as saying.
As the leaders of the “People’s Republics” claimed, the position that they have presented is aligned and they reject any separate
negotiations, also demanding that in future, negotiations with them are held by an official representative appointed by Kiev and who is
in public administration.
The Ukraine contact group’s first set of negotiations were held in Minsk on July 6 – without the participation of the DPR and the LPR.
The negotiators had planned to hold another meeting in mid-July with the participation of representatives of the rebels by video
conference, but this meeting ended up not taking place, and the parties made another attempt on July 31.
Watch the video on: “The “March of the Prisoners of War” in Donetsk”
As a reminder, yesterday, in an interview with Channel One, Vladimir Putin called upon the Kiev authorities to “immediately begin”
negotiations with representatives of the self-proclaimed People’s Republics on issues of the “political organization of society and
nation-building in the South-East of Ukraine, with the aim of unconditionally securing the lawful interests of those living there.”
Later, the Russian leader’s press secretary, Dmitry Peskov, clarified that this wasn’t a reference to nation-building in the east of
Ukraine, but to the “inclusive negotiations” within Ukraine itself, and that it was absolutely wrong to interpret the President’s remarks
as a need for negotiations on the national status of Novorossiya. “Narratives have emerged that the President was saying that these are
negotiations on nation-building in the east of Ukraine. If you just read his statement, it’s clear that that isn’t the case. The President
was actually talking about these same inclusive negotiations, the need for the swift commencement of which was emphasized a fairly
long time ago in documents that were signed in the most varied of formats,” he explained. “It is these same inclusive negotiations that
should determine relations with the Eastern regions, that is, it is the negotiations within Ukraine concerning the internal Ukrainian
structure, in order for the interests of the country’s Eastern regions, the interests of Novorossiya to be taken into account: how, to
what level, using which mechanisms, and so on. That’s what the President had in mind.”
Natalya Demidyuk
2
Annex 543
Petyr Kozlov & Alexey Nikolsky, The Self-Proclaimed Republics in the East of Ukraine Put
Forward their “Negotiation Demands” to Kiev, Vedomosti (2 September 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
5/3/2018 The self-proclaimed Republics in the east of Ukraine put forward their “negotiation demands” to Kiev – VEDOMOSTI
1
https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2014/09/02/vstrechnyj-mirnyj-plan
The self-proclaimed Republics in the east of Ukraine put
forward their “negotiation demands” to Kiev
The self-proclaimed Republics in the east of Ukraine put forward their “negotiation demands” to
Kiev. The Ukrainian authorities won’t make concessions in relation to the Donbass, local experts are
convinced
September 2, 2014 5:41 a.m. | Petr Kozlov, Aleksey Nikolsky / Vedomosti | Listen
The Donbass leaders have decided to entrench their military successes by diplomatic means
Maxim Shemetov / Reuters
Yesterday afternoon, on the eve of the meeting of the Ukraine contact group in Minsk, representatives
of the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk Republics put forward their “negotiation demands.”
Although back on August 24, the Prime Minister of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko said that
“Novorossiya” was only examining the issue of the recognition of its independence, and that this
matter wasn’t being raised in the “negotiation demands.” Amongst the conditions named for the start
of the negotiating process are the recognition of the special status of the DPR and LPR, the cessation
of the Ukrainian army’s military operation for the holding of free elections to the government
authorities, and the recognition of the official status of the Russian language. In addition, the selfproclaimed
Republics are demanding a special procedure for the conduct of foreign economic
activity, taking into account the deepening integration with Russia and the Customs Union, and also a
special status for their armed formations and the right to appoint prosecutors and judges. All of these
are already the integral attributes of an independent state, therefore an attempt at securing such
guarantees from Kiev may be interpreted as the readiness of the DPR and the LPR to discuss the issue
of broad powers of autonomy within a united Ukraine.
The representatives of the east of Ukraine came out with their “negotiation demands” the day after
Vladimir Putin declared the need to start negotiations immediately: in an interview with Channel One,
he proposed discussing not the technical issues but “issues of the political organization of society and
nation-building in the south-east of Ukraine.” However, Ukrainian experts are convinced that
Ukraine’s President Petr Poroshenko won’t agree even to the separatists’ reduced demands.
5/3/2018 The self-proclaimed Republics in the east of Ukraine put forward their “negotiation demands” to Kiev – VEDOMOSTI
2
https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2014/09/02/vstrechnyj-mirnyj-plan
Any capitulation by Poroshenko in relation to the east of Ukraine will be seen by the citizens as
treachery and if only for that reason he won’t ease up on anything—otherwise the President will be
“digging his own grave,” Dmitry Ponamarchuk, a political analyst, believes. He is convinced that
even a formal easing of the demands of the representatives of the DPR and LPR won’t affect Kiev’s
position: “Even if they take Kiev tomorrow, there aren’t any grounds to recognize any of their
demands. The referendum hasn’t been recognized and will never be recognized.” What’s more, a
NATO summit to which Poroshenko has been invited is soon to be held in Wales, and if he makes
concessions, then there’s no point going to Cardiff, the expert believes: “What for? For people at
NATO to spend two days in a row laughing at Poroshenko?”
There are no grounds for talking about a change in Kiev’s position, and Poroshenko won’t agree to
these conditions under any circumstances, Aleksey Garan, a professor from the Kyiv-Mohyla
Academy, agrees: “These demands can’t be taken into account. First, they are aimed at the break-up
of Ukraine. Second, it’s not known who’s putting them forward. In actual fact, it’s not the population
of the East, but Mr. Putin who’s trying to dictate to Ukraine how the country should be structured.”
Russian experts, on the contrary, believe that Poroshenko should compromise. Taking into account
the noticeable change in the alignment of forces at the front and the critical state of the Ukrainian
army, the most that Kiev can hope for to save face is the retention of the east of the country on
whatever conditions, Aleksey Arbatov, an academic, believes. Otherwise, Poroshenko will have to
resign, as he has failed and will go down in history as the president that lost not only Crimea but the
Donbass too, the expert says.
Incidentally, the experts note unanimously that if these issues are discussed at all, then it’s unlikely
that they will be discussed within the contact group, which for the time being is targeted at the
discussion of technical issues. As someone close to the leaders of the self-proclaimed DPR confirmed
to Vedomosti, it had initially been planned to devote yesterday’s consultations in Minsk to the main
problems of the exchange of prisoners of war and the provision of aid to the civilian population.
According to our source, it was explicitly stated in the published bullet points that the parties had yet
to agree on the actual format of the negotiations on the status of the eastern regions.
Following the meeting of the representatives of the contact group in Minsk, the First Deputy Prime
Minister of the DPR, Alexander Purgin, claimed that the focus of attention was technical issues
concerning humanitarian aid, routes and schemes for its delivery from Russia and Europe, and that at
the next meeting, on September 5, the plan was to develop a mechanism for the exchange of prisoners
on the basis of an “all-for-all” exchange. In Purgin’s opinion, the meeting was constructive which, in
his view, was facilitated by the situation at the frontlines (yesterday, the process of the surrender into
captivity of the surrounded Ukrainian military personnel continued, whilst the government forces
abandoned Lugansk airport). The next round of negotiations, according to a representative of the
DPR, may be attended by one of the current politicians in addition to former President Leonid
Kuchma.
Annex 544
Tatyana Popova, Leaders of the Outrages of the DNR, Ukrainska Pravda (23 September 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
5/14/2018 Leaders of the Outrages of the DNR | Ukrainskaya Pravda
1
https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/columns/2014/09/23/7038221/
UKRAINSKAYA PRAVDA
___________________________________________________________________________________
Leaders of the Outrages of the DNR
Tuesday, September 23, 2014, 09:44
TATIANA POPOVA
Managing partner of Mex advertising group, partner of the Ukrainian Crisis Media Center, for
Ukrainskaya Pravda
The leaders of the DNR [Donetsk People’s Republic] intend to continue “fighting for the Donbass” using
violence, cruelty and intimidation.
Declaring themselves “rulers,” they divide among themselves spheres of influence and positions of
which they had never even dreamed before.
During peace time these pseudo-leaders could hardly have aspired to any government positions.
Most of them are representatives of the criminal world in whom the Russian special services have
inspired an imaginary hope for power.
Now they allow themselves show executions, refined torture of Ukrainian soldiers and posing against
the backdrop of maimed bodies.
Igor Bezler, the “fuehrer” of the DNR
A story about how it is possible to go from being a security guard to the leader of a terrorist movement in
the blink of an eye, and until then calmly engage in theft of cemetery enclosures
Glaring paradoxes are usual for “Gorlovka leader” Igor Bezler.
Bezler, who is better known by the nickname “Bes,” was born in 1965 in Simferopol. He studied at the
Dzerzhinskiy Military Academy in Moscow, participated in the war in Afghanistan and was awarded the
order of the Red Star.
5/14/2018 Leaders of the Outrages of the DNR | Ukrainskaya Pravda
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https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/columns/2014/09/23/7038221/
[Photo]
[Stamp:] We don’t need such a leader
[fingerprints]
Igor “Bes” Bezler
Born on December 30, 1965. He is a
citizen of Russia. He is the leader of
the Gorlovka fighters and introduces
himself as a lieutenant colonel in the
Russian army.
He served in Russian intelligence
divisions (GRU) and was discharged in
2002. He moved to Gorlovka, where he
headed a funeral services business
from which he was fired in 2012 for
stealing 38 enclosures and tombstones
and for extorting money for a place in
the cemetery.
In February 2014 at GRU’s request he
assisted with the annexation of
Crimea. In April 2014 he started to
engage in terrorist activity in
Donetsk Region. According to some
information, he attempted to seize
power in Donetsk, and his own
associates call him a terrorist for
this.
He gave the command to neutralize
Gorlovka Deputy Vladimir Rybak, who
was later found dead. He was involved
in the kidnapping of OSCE
representatives in Slavyansk, in the
deaths of civilians of Donetsk Region
and the deaths of passengers of the
Boeing 777.
According to SBU [the Security Service of Ukraine], until 2002 he served in Russian intelligence divisions
and completed his service at the rank of lieutenant colonel, after which he was sent to Ukraine and
settled in Gorlovka. Here he headed the Prostor municipal funeral services business, from which he was
fired in 2012 after being accused of stealing enclosures and tombstones, and also for extorting money
for a place in the cemetery. After being fired he went to work for a security agency.
In April Russia’s GRU renewed contact with Bezler and sent him to Crimea. There he actively participated
in taking over military bases and administrative buildings, after which he returned to Donbass. He
participated in the storming of the Donetsk directorate of the Security Service of Ukraine and a district
militia precinct in Gorlovka.
In Donbass Bezler managed to gain fame as an unbelievably cruel fighter. Videos of interrogations and
the show execution of Ukrainian officers shocked many. Later Bezler announced that it had been staged
to frighten Ukrainian authorities, but in the minds of the majority he has taken on the image of an
unprincipled punisher, and this image has only become harsher over time.
Bezler started to clean house in Gorlovka: there were “purges,” torture of prisoners, robberies and mass
murderers. The death of Gorlovka
5/14/2018 Leaders of the Outrages of the DNR | Ukrainskaya Pravda
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https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/columns/2014/09/23/7038221/
City Council deputy Vladimir Rybak is proof of this.
According to the Security Service of Ukraine, it has been determined that on April 17 Bezler gave the
head of the self-proclaimed Gorlovka militia the task of neutralizing Rybak, who earlier had attempted
to install the state flag of Ukraine on the Gorlovka District City Council building. At the same time Bezler
ordered a member of his group, a member of the Russian military, to kidnap Rybak, put him in a car and
take him to an agreed place where measures of physical coercion would be used on him. He himself
planned to personally go to the place where Ryabak was being detained.
The Security Service of Ukraine made public the audio recording of conversations of Russian
commandos who were involved in the murder of Gorlovka City Council deputy Vladimir Rybak.
True to the principles of his work, Bezler continues to liquidate people who are “objectionable” to his
ideology. The death of the head of Gorlovka’s State Traffic Inspectorate Yuriy Sukhodolskiy is
undoubtedly the work of his team. Earlier Sukhodolskiy was detained in a so-called torture chamber
which the fighters organized in Gorlovka in the building of the Artemugol state enterprise.
Rybak, Sukhodolskiy... who will become Bezler’s next victim?
Bezler does not hide his hatred of the Ukrainian idea. He openly says that he and his band immediately
execute National Guard fighters. The Ukrainian soldiers are subjected to cruel torture and are kept
prisoner by the fighters for months on end.
Bezler’s “punitive operation” continues to keep the residents of Gorlovka in fear. Demonstrative
outrages are another attempt to bring chaos and incite fear of the imaginary strength of the fighters.
The pseudo-leaders are destroying the cities and do not intend to restore them at all. They are not
interested in the life of peaceful Donbass: they need a buffer zone.
Apparently, their objective is to turn Donbass into a second Somalia and coordinate groups of bandits.
Tatiana Popova, special for Ukrainskaya Pravda
Annex 545
Glavcom, Igor (Bes) Bezler: I Don’t Watch TV - I don’t Know About the Minsk Agreements (21
October 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
4/21/2018 Igor (Bes) Bezler: I don’t watch TV – I don’t know about the Minsk agreements
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https://glavcom.ua/publications/126822-igor-bes-bezler-ja-televizor-ne-smotrju-%E2%80%93-o-Minskskihdogovorennostjah-
ne-znaju.html
[…]
Igor (Bes) Bezler: I Don’t Watch TV – I Don’t Know About The Minsk
Agreements
4/21/2018 Igor (Bes) Bezler: I don’t watch TV – I don’t know about the Minsk agreements
2
https://glavcom.ua/publications/126822-igor-bes-bezler-ja-televizor-ne-smotrju-%E2%80%93-o-Minskskihdogovorennostjah-
ne-znaju.html
Bes promises not to blow up the chemicals factories in Gorlovka even as a last resort
Igor Bezler, nicknamed “Bes” [demon], is one of the leaders of the “DPR,” which Ukraine’s Prosecutor’s Office calls a
terrorist organization, and the leader of the armed “Volunteer Corps” of Gorlovka. Bes is an extremely controversial
person, even in the expanses of the self-proclaimed Republic. The 49-year-old, who was born in Crimea, took charge of the
Gorlovka wing of fighters in the Donbass at the very start of the war in the east of Ukraine. According to Bes’ former
captive, Vasily Budik, Bezler was not accountable to anyone, and has now even set up his own republic, abbreviated to
GEM, which stands for Gorlovka-Enakiyevo-Makeyevka. Budik himself was held captive by the fighters for 88 days, several
times he was taken out to be shot, but it all ended in a staged murder (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2£IFkjRHqKY).
The seizures of the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Gorlovka and Donetsk are evidence of the independent
nature of the group’s activities. The storming of the Gorlovka Department of Internal Affairs and the storming of the
regional Department of Internal Affairs in Donetsk on July 1 have been attributed to Bes’ people. Those in charge of the
self-proclaimed “DPR” back then didn’t like these actions. The so-called Prime Minister, Alexander Borodai, claimed that
Bezler wasn’t obeying orders, calling the storming of the Department of Internal Affairs, as the TV channel Dozhd reported,
an “attempt at a military uprising.” In his comments to the Russia 24 TV channel, Borodai stated explicitly that “this type of
unauthorized action is an act against the DPR. We’re dealing with a problem of sole command. Unfortunately, we don’t
control the field commander with the code name “Bes.”
However, such public squabbles, if Igor Bezler is to be believed, are a thing of the past. These days, the field commander
claims that he unquestioningly obeys Alexander Zakharchenko, who replaced Alexander Borodai in the post of “Prime
Minister” of the “DPR.”
For the residents of Gorlovka, the period of “Bes’ rule” is associated, first and foremost, with the handing-out of live
chickens, the “extermination” of drug addicts and the replacement of the militia with “vigilantes” with white bands on their
sleeves.
Igor Bezler very rarely talks to the press, especially to the Ukrainian press. If Bes lets journalists get near him, he’s cold with
them, responding to questions in monosyllables. The only exception was in his last TV interview, where Bezler was
persuaded to recite the poetry of Taras Shevchenko. In this way he again tried to prove that he’s not opposed to Ukraine,
but allegedly only to the fascism that has beset our country.
In talking to Glavcom, the fighter talked about why he’s not planning to stand at the upcoming elections in the “DPR,”
where he got the bag of cash from to pay Gorlovka medical staff, and the false attempted assassination of Pavel Gubarev.
On the one hand, the leaders of the “DPR” have announced the holding of elections on November 2, on the other hand,
Ukraine is getting ready to hold parliamentary elections on October 26 and local elections on December 7. Which of
them are you getting ready for?
We’re getting ready for the elections in the “DPR.”
But in Minsk, the [two] sides, Poroshenko and Putin, agreed that the elections, including in the Donbass, would be held
under Ukrainian law, or are you not planning to comply with these agreements?
I’m not aware of that. I haven’t watched TV, I don’t have one here.
It’s well known that you’re not planning to stand at the upcoming elections being prepared by the “DPR.” Why is that?
I’m a military man, not a politician.
How do you see your future when the armed stand-off comes to an end?
You know, it’s like in that joke, when someone was asked, “What do you want?” And he replied, “Nothing, I’ve got it all.”
Do you see yourself as a future Minister of Defense in the “DPR”?
4/21/2018 Igor (Bes) Bezler: I don’t watch TV – I don’t know about the Minsk agreements
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ne-znaju.html
I don’t see myself anywhere. Right now, I’m in charge of the home guard of the town of Gorlovka, the squadron that’s
subordinate to me. I’m a military man. If I’m appointed, that means I’ll fulfil (the order – Glavcom).
A great deal has been written and said about your conflict with the leaders of the “DPR.” Is it still ongoing?
I’ve already told the Ukrainian media that they should smoke less weed and chew fewer magic mushrooms. Tymchuk is a
talking head. When he gets rid of the kefir that’s in his head and replaces it with actual brains, and stops drawing on what
he dreams about at night, then real information will appear in the Ukrainian media.
Are you trying to say that you’ve never called the leaders of the “DPR” a “banana republic”?
All of that is the imagination of Mr. Tymchuk and Mr. Lutsenko’s kind of “armed resistance” (Igor Lutsenko – Glavcom).
Denis Pushilin, Alexander Borodai, Valery Bolotov, Igor Strelkov have left their leadership posts in the “DPR.” Why do
you think that is?
Right now, we have Prime Minister Zakharchenko, and the Minister of Defense, Kononov. I’m complying with all their
demands and am complying with all the laws of the “Donetsk People’s Republic.”
According to one theory, the resignations of Bolotov and Strelkov might be linked to certain agreements reached with
the oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. How true is that theory?
I’m not interested in theories that emerge in the media. I don’t know (the reasons for the resignation, specifically, of
Strelkov - Glavcom). I’ve answered your question. I’m not some Babka Vanga1 to go putting forward my own theories.
What’s your relationship with Alexander Borodai like, and why did you and he have a conflict?
I didn’t have a conflict with him.
But following the storming on July 1 by your subordinates from the Donetsk Regional Militia Department, Borodai
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaPcQOAy4tA) claimed that you’d broken ranks and that the storming of the militia
department “was an attempt at a military uprising.”
But it was him that claimed that, not me. I don’t have any problem with him. If he has problems with me, put this question
to Mr. Borodai. In actual fact, we have an absolutely normal, business-like, friendly relationship. I think there’s long since
been a denial of him having said that (regarding Bezler disobeying the leaders of the “DPR” - Glavcom). As I understand it,
this was yet again a fabricated story by the Ukrainian media.
Very recently, information emerged about an attempt on the life of Pavel Gubarev, which allegedly took place. Was it
actually an attempted assassination, organized by the Ukrainian special services, or was it infighting or simply a
simulated assassination attempt?
Are you sure it was an attempted assassination? I’m not.
But what was it then, and who would benefit from its simulation?
You’d be better off asking Mr. Gubarev about that.
How is it that you’re so sure it wasn’t an attempted assassination?
I didn’t say that I’m sure, I said that I think there wasn’t any attempted assassination.
What grounds do you have to think that?
I don’t have any such grounds. But I think that it wasn’t an attempted assassination.
1 Translator’s note: a Bulgarian clairvoyant
4/21/2018 Igor (Bes) Bezler: I don’t watch TV – I don’t know about the Minsk agreements
4
https://glavcom.ua/publications/126822-igor-bes-bezler-ja-televizor-ne-smotrju-%E2%80%93-o-Minskskihdogovorennostjah-
ne-znaju.html
Let’s talk about the Malaysian Airlines Boeing that was shot down in the sky above the Donbass. According to your
theory, it was shot down by the 154th surface to air missile regiment of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. But according to
the audio recording that was circulated by the Ukrainian Security Service, Igor Strelkov has taken responsibility for the
plane that was shot down.
Report from Igor Ivanovich Strelkov Close
Today, 17:16
07.17.2014, 17:50 (Moscow time), Message from the home guard.
“We’ve just shot down an An-26 plane in the Torez area, it’s knocking around
somewhere behind the Progress mine.
We did warn them not to fly in “our skies.”
And here’s the video confirmation of yet another “bird-fall.”
The bird fell behind the slag heap, it didn’t snag any housing. No civilians were hurt.
There’s also information on a second plane that’s been shot down, allegedly a Su.
Why are you asking my opinion if you know the theory that I’ve given voice to? The people from the Ukrainian Security
Service, regarding the audio recording, need to stop fannying about so much and saying that they’re catching spies and
circulating unclear recordings. As regards Strelkov, if he’s taken responsibility for the Boeing that was shot down, then ask
Strelkov this question. My surname’s Bezler, and not Strelkov.
But your voice was also on one of the recordings. Or are you trying to say that it’s not your voice?
My voice is there, where I’m reporting the Su-25 that was shot down.
At the start of October, employees from Gorlovka’s medical services received an advance payment in the form of cash
directly from you. The photograph with a huge quantity of cash sitting on a desk went viral. Where did you get so much
money from?
These are taxes that are currently in the bank. This money was paid out from the bank. Until the banking system starts
working, which will allow electronic payments to be made, we’re using cash. It’s a price we have to pay.
So it’s taxes that didn’t go to Kiev?
We’re not planning to transfer them anywhere. Kiev is a completely different country, we have a border. Why should I
transfer any money to them?
But Donetsk is transferring [its taxes], after all. At least that’s what the self-proclaimed “mayor” of Donetsk, Igor
Martynov, said in an interview with Glavcom (http://glavcom.ua/articles/23342.html).
If the Mayor of Donetsk is transferring taxes to Kiev, that’s his own personal headache. I’m not transferring taxes to Kiev.
At one time, some “Botsman” was in charge of Gorlovka, who allegedly threatened to blow up Stirol. How close to being
implemented were these threats?
Ask Botsman about that. You see, if the command had been given to blow up factories, they’d have been blown up. If the
factories are working and haven’t been blown up, that means no such command was given.
In which case could such an order be given by you?
I rule out any such possibility.
How many hostages do you have now?
I don’t have any, either hostages or prisoners of war. Which hostages are you talking about, where have you seen them?
According to Vladimir Veselkin, the head of the Zaytsevsky rural council, you’re holding captive Elena Pavlova, the
secretary of the village council, and the accountant of the village council. Is that true?
I don’t know Ms. Elena Pavlova.
How calm is the situation in Gorlovka these days?
Everything’s calm in the town. The shops, enterprises, schools, hospitals are working, trams and trolleybuses are operating.
Everything’s working.
How many civilians have died in the town during the armed conflict?
4/21/2018 Igor (Bes) Bezler: I don’t watch TV – I don’t know about the Minsk agreements
5
https://glavcom.ua/publications/126822-igor-bes-bezler-ja-televizor-ne-smotrju-%E2%80%93-o-Minskskihdogovorennostjah-
ne-znaju.html
Lots, dozens of people: up to a hundred.
Is the truce being observed right now?
It’s being observed to a level of 80%. There are still territorial defense battalions which aren’t obeying either the head of
the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, or the Minister of Defense of Ukraine, if they clean up their act and stop smoking
somewhere out of the way, without fulfilling orders, the truce will be observed.
Who specifically do you mean, and how many of them are there in total?
The Poltava battalion, the Artemovsk battalion, and other trash. How many are there? Ask the commanders of the Poltava,
Artemovsk, Sich, Kievskaya Rus, and so on, battalions.
[…]
Annex 546
Zavtra, Who Are You, Shooter? (20 November 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
Annex 547
Alexander Borodai: I am a Russian Imperialist, Actual Comment (24 November 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
1
[…]
Actual Comment
[…]
November 24, 2014 […]
Alexander Borodai: I Am a Russian
Imperialist […]
The former Prime Minister of the DPR, Alexander Borodai, talked in an exclusive interview with Topical
Commentaries of the myth of Strelkov, the role of “outsiders” in the government
[…] of the People’s Republics and of what will happen to the Novorossiya project in the future.
— Nothing has been heard about you for a few months since you left your post as the Prime Minister of the
Donetsk People’s Republic, why is that and why have you now returned to the public arena?
— It was due to the specific nature of my work. The thing is that I’m not actually cynical about the Donetsk
People’s Republic and have never thought that the DPR and my role in its story are grounds for any sort of selfpromotion.
As a matter of fact, my function as an advisor didn’t involve the need to speak to the press. When I
was the Prime Minister of the DPR, I had to make some official statements and speak at press conferences.
Since I left this post, having handed it over to Alexander Zakharchenko, I have stopped needing this level of
publicity, thank God, and therefore haven’t said anything to the press.
Now the situation has changed, I have left all my official posts within the DPR, have ceased to be a general
advisor to the DPR government and am again a private citizen. I have now returned to my standard default
role—as an expert, including on issues of the life of this region, and of the two unrecognized states—the DPR
and the LPR [Luhansk People’s Republic], and it’s entirely logical for an expert to speak to the press.
— In other words, in the post of advisor, you didn’t have any formal undertaking about not making public
statements? Was that your personal decision?
— There was no formal undertaking. I simply thought it wasn’t appropriate. [The republics’] own native-born
leaders are now coming to the fore there, and I and many others who came as volunteers to fight and help
aren’t native-born citizens of Donetsk. And it’s right that we need to keep quieter and seek publicity for
ourselves less. Unfortunately, not everyone is following this rule.
2
— How did you render advisory support to the leadership of the DPR and to what extent was your opinion
taken into account?
— Essentially, I do have some authority. Of course, Alexander Zakharchenko and I know full well that
telephone conversations aren’t always the most correct form of communication. But we met on more than
one occasion, and I always tried to help out with the difficult issues. I can tell you one funny story about how
Alexander Zakharchenko and I once met in Moscow, he and Andrey Purgin and representatives of the LPR had
flown in from Minsk and were very tired after a sleepless night. Negotiations are basically very hard work. It
only seems like it’s easy work—you drink tea or coffee, then there’s champagne at the drinks reception, but in
fact it’s huge emotional and physical stress. So Sasha asked me, half-jokingly, in the smoking room: “Why have
you “set me up” like this?” I said to him: “What do you mean?” And he said: “Yes, this hard work, it’s
[…]much harder than warfare...” I said to him: “Well, sorry, that’s how it’s worked out, brother. It’s not that I
really wanted to dump this on you, but it had to be done…”
— People are talking about some kind of “purge” in the government of the DPR and the LPR, meaning the
replacement of the “outsiders” from Russia with local people. Is this actually happening? In your view,
should there be local leaders within the government of the People’s Republics of Novorossiya or should
there be invited persons who have the necessary management experience?
— People write and say stupid things. There’s no purge taking place, what’s happening is an absolutely natural
process of rotation of staff, including of local staff. It’s obvious that the government was put together in an
impossibly short period of time and that for a time, the principle “chosen at random” was dominant. What’s
more, the DPR and the LPR are the Donbass, and citizens of the Donbass live there. And all the remaining
Russians who came as volunteers came to help and not to live there. The people who want to stay, in my view,
sometimes even arouse suspicion—after all, that means there’s something they really need there, something
they’ve really taken a liking to there. We can’t rule out that it was the process of accumulating material assets
that “enticed” them…
I’ve spoken about this issue to our law enforcers, including to the Minister of State Security, who’s also an
“outsider.” I told him that if any of the “newcomers” suddenly really want to stay, that means that life here is
“sweet,” that’s a sure sign that it’s time for this person to leave the DPR. Because actually, war is not a natural
state to be in. Everyone has their own motherland. Yes, we’re all ready to fight and even to die for Russian
civilization and its ideals, but that doesn’t mean that we should be teaching the residents of Donbass how to
live their own lives. They’ll do it how they want to. We’re helping them and not interfering. Notwithstanding
our various high-ranking posts, we’re only helpers and not leaders and definitely not behind-the-scenes
puppeteers.
— But what should be done in the event that the locals don’t have the necessary experience of statebuilding
and public administration?
— Very few people can be found in today’s world who have experience in state-building. And, well, history is
already a thing of the distant past. There are no good examples there. We’re not the British Empire, after all.
We don’t perceive the Donbass to be a colony of Russia. We’re providing fraternal assistance to some of our
own people—the Russian people of the Donbass.
— Before you became the Prime Minister of the DPR, you were engaged in political strategy. Did you prefer
being in the role of a kind of “eminence grise”?
— Of course, everyone likes being an eminence grise. But who’s going to do the work? I took up the duties of
[…]Prime Minister of my own free will. It was a forced step, if you like, it was my path of duty, which I followed.
But at that time, clearly, there was no one better than me. I was involved in public administration, albeit even
in the rank of a consultant, I participated in the taking of a fair few state decisions on the most diverse issues—
from political to economic issues, I have the requisite mental outlook and the appropriate education for this,
3
and I turned out to be in greater demand than the others, and was forced to take up this post. I realized that it
was a heavy burden.
[…]
— Igor Strelkov has now come out of the woodwork, are you in contact with him, what would you say about
what he’s doing at present?
— I’m not in contact with him. I took him to the Russian Federation border, believed my moral duty to have
been done and rid myself of this burden of responsibility with great relief.
[…] Why? I don’t feel very happy about answering this question because, if we’re going to talk about Colonel
Strelkov, maybe not the whole truth, but some part of this truth, I will have to debunk the myth in whose
creation I also had a hand in no small measure. Nevertheless, this myth now has to be debunked. Not because
his numerous attacks offend me, but because this myth is already harmful to Novorossiya itself, for which
we’re all fighting, it’s offensive for the Donetsk People’s Republic. Strelkov is engaged in slinging mud at
Zakharchenko, Purgin, Khodakovsky, Antyufeyev, me and others, and the whole subtext of his tales boils down
to the fact that Novorossiya is him, and nothing has happened without him, and after he was forced to leave,
nothing is happening, everything is falling apart. But if he were there, then everything would be good,
wonderful, and there’d be a grand victory. That’s a lie that discredits both the DPR and the LPR that exist in
reality, and the very idea of Novorossiya.
The thing is that there’s Igor Ivanovich Strelkov—who’s a myth, and there’s the actual Igor Vsevolodovich
Girkin. The myth regarding “the iron Colonel Strelkov,” a knight “without fear or reproach” was created by
many people, including by me. I was recently talking to Alexander Andreyevich Prokhanov, who interviewed
me, he said that this was one of those myths that people needed, and that it wasn’t right to destroy it.
I’d be happy not to touch the myth, but the real Girkin is living within this myth like within a huge beautiful
soap bubble. He’s been left on the sidelines, he’s extremely upset about that, he’s running around having
hysterics and he himself is destroying it. Effectively, he’s reconstructing the story of this war. In his favor,
naturally.
I’m not in any way denying his heroism and achievements in defending Slavyansk, having taken upon himself a
considerable mass of the enemy’s forces. Later, he left Slavyansk and many other populated areas, and came
to Donetsk. But he appeared in Donetsk in a not entirely stable mental state. And what’s more, [he was], as
they say, “all in character.” He was evidently counting on the status of a kind of “DPR military dictator” and
was very disappointed by the fact that his claims weren’t being understood.
Admittedly, the attempts to usurp this power were fairly timid and inconsistent, but despite this they still had
to be cut short, including by me. I did this extremely delicately, in a friendly way, trying to protect his mental
state. My deputy, the first Vice Prime Minister of the DPR, Vladimir Antyufeyev, did this in a more hardline
way, which brought about Igor’s extreme dislike. I remember I was moaning back then that my title wasn’t the
Prime Minister of the DPR but the Chief Psychiatrist of the DPR which, of course Strelkov’s entourage
subsequently reported to him, and this became one of the causes for his subsequent, now Moscow-based,
dislike of me.
Many people in Russia see something positive in these attempts at grabbing power, thinking that this is good—
that such a hero, such a saintly person would take power in the DPR. They simply don’t know that
[…]
4
if he had got this power, then the DPR, and along with it probably the LPR, would have ceased to exist at the
end of July. And we wouldn’t now be talking about Novorossiya—whether it’s bad there or good. There’d be
nothing to talk about. The thing is that Igor Girkin, who suffers from “encirclement syndrome,” gave the order
for the full withdrawal of all his subordinate troops to the Russian Federation.
— What happened with this order? And what was the point of withdrawing the troops to the RF?
— The order was annulled by Vladimir Antyufeyev. By doing so, this person saved the Donetsk People’s
Republic. I made no contribution to this, I left the DPR on July 25—I went away to Moscow for consultations,
and returned in early August. And the logic of the order was simple: every man for himself. The military
situation was objectively difficult, but taking such a decision was clearly premature.
When Igor and I went together on the operation to take Marinovka, in the early morning hours, before the
onslaught, we were talking privately, and he said one simple thing to me: “I’ve done so much that my main aim
is simply to survive, to make it so that I can get to Russia and get everything I’ve earned.”
As you understand, the desire to survive at any cost doesn’t fit very well with the post of someone who is in
command of troops and is responsible for defense. Strelkov wanted to go not alone, he had to go with all the
troops. Then it would look like he hadn’t run away, but had simply “heroically retreated” yet again. He
complained back then that Alexander Khodakovsky, the Vostok commander, wasn’t obeying him. Khodakovsky
was indeed not obeying Strelkov and tried not to attend the command center meetings for the one simple
reason that he told me during a conversation we had in person: “What if this person gives me an order that I
won’t be able to fulfil?” That’s exactly how it was with the order to withdraw from Donetsk.
I know that public opinion in Russia is that Khodakovsky is virtually Akhmetov’s fosterling, whilst Girkin is a
saintly hero, but the actual situation shows some other sides of the events. And a duality of power has taken
shape within the Ministry of Defense of the DPR, an informal parallel council of commandeers, who often reexamined
Colonel Strelkov’s orders.
At some point it became clear that it was the enemy rather than us that had gone to pieces, and the military
situation started changing in our favor. Back then, Strelkov changed his mind about leaving, he berated me
along the lines of “why are you taking me out, you want to make a ‘general of the retreat’ out of me, and I
want to be remembered as a ‘general of the offense,’” but it was no longer a question of him getting some
kind of credit.
In actual fact, it’s all very sad. I realize that when this whole story is broadcast to the public at large, I’ll be
accused of being jealous, a loathsome bastard, [they’ll say] that Colonel Strelkov is great, handsome, powerful,
but I can prove my every word apart from those spoken in private discussions. But I still think that Igor will
[…] have enough dignity to not deny them.
[…]
Annex 548
MKRU, Colonel of the FSB Igor Strelkov Called the Senseless Assault on the Donetsk Airport (1
December 2014)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
May 7, FSB Colonel Igor Strelkov Plays Down the Assault on the Donetsk Airport as Senseless – Politics, CIS – MK
1
December 1, 2014 at 7:52 p.m., views: 77995
In yet another interview published in his Status Report from the Militia of Novorossiya account, Igor Strelkov, former
Defense Minister of the Donetsk People’s Republic and leader of the Novorossiya Charitable Foundation discusses the
senseless assault on the Donetsk Airport and his rank as Colonel of the Federal Security Service.
Photo: youtube.com
According to Strelkov, he “would not launch an assault on the airport at all”.
NEWS
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May 7, FSB Colonel Igor Strelkov Plays Down the Assault on the Donetsk Airport as Senseless – Politics, CIS – MK
2
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“Taking over the airport merely required destroying that [Ukrainian] artillery. Meanwhile, the target for the attack was
formally chosen by people who have no clue about the art of war,”
Strelkov said, speaking with journalist Alexander Chalenko, adding: “In this case they were fighting not the cause but the
effect.
Taking over the airport required eliminating the cause, that is, destroying the artillery emplacements in Peski and
Adveyevka. In such case the airport could have been captured effortlessly. In this situation all infantry attacks on the
airport have been repelled by artillery located out of reach.”
Notably, in Strelkov’s opinion, the most battle-worthy units of the armed forces of the Donetsk People’s Republic suffered
from the constant onslaughts on the airport. “The onslaught on the airport was not just unnecessary. It was also harmful
because it battered and caused major losses to the best units of the former Slovyansk Brigade. What's more,
these losses are totally senseless. You see, as soon as the mount an attack, the enemy opens artillery fire,” the former
defense minister of the Donetsk People’s Republic said.
In response to criticism from his naysayers, who accuse Strelkov of inability to lead large-scale military
operations, he said that he is an FSB colonel, which is why he is not perturbed by such rhetoric hurled at him.
“Many of your critics say that Strelkov is merely an FSB lieutenant colonel, which is why he has no experience planning
army operations. What can you say to that?” the journalist asked Strelkov.
“I am in fact an FSB colonel, which is why I have adopted a calm attitude to this. For that matter, it’s not a good idea to
address a military man using a lower rank than he actually has. Ranks have more value for military people than for
civilians. This is actually what the military hierarchy is built upon,” Igor Strelkov replied.
“I had a dire need for a chief of staff who would be able to put down on paper everything that I intended. For that matter,
all high-caliber army commanders come in two categories: chiefs and chiefs of staff. The commander makes a decision,
while the chief of staff elaborates it by putting it down on paper and laying it out. The input of both parties is absolutely
essential. Far from every good chief of staff is capable of commanding the army well. And vice versa. For example, one
profile on Zhukov said that he was an excellent infantry commander but could not stand staff work. Of course, I do not
equate myself to Zhukov, but I personally dislike staff work, to be honest. Moreover, I am unskilled at it. Meanwhile, I
have a good understanding of volunteer and partisan work. I was aware of the quality of all my units: what they were
capable of or not,” Strelkov concluded.
It will be recalled that after the signing of the Minsk ceasefire the Donetsk Airport became one of the hottest flash points
on the map of Ukraine’s southeast. National Guard forces rely on their forward observes in the airport to launch daily
mortar attacks on militia positions with the risk of hitting residential buildings, schools, and hospitals located nearby. The
militias in turn attempt to drive Ukrainian soldiers out of the airport.
According to Ukrainian media reports, patience is running thin among leaders of the joint center tasked with controlling
and coordinating the ceasefire in Ukraine’s east. “To resolve the crisis situation in the area of the international airport of
Donetsk, steps are being taken by the joint center tasked with controlling and coordinating the ceasefire. This morning,
leaders of the joint center representing Ukraine and Russia have set off for this area,” according to the ATO press center
report published on December 1. The Ukrainian side is represented by Lieutenant General Vladimir Askarov. Russia is
represented by Lieutenant General Alexander Lentsov.
Artur Avakov
646 101 28
Annex 549
James Rupert, How Russians are Sent to Fight in Ukraine, Newsweek (6 January 2015)
Annex 550
Large Military Staging Ground Detected in Russia, The Interpreter Magazine (7 January 7 2015)
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
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Interpreter Staff
Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground
Detected Near Ukrainian Border
interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border
Russia Update
Ukraine
Photo: Aleksandr Maltsev
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Welcome to our column, Russia Update, where we will be closely following day-to-day developments
in Russia, including the Russian government’s foreign and domestic policies.
The previous issue is here, and see also our Russia This Week story The Guild War – How Should
Journalists Treat Russian State Propagandists? and special features ‘Managed Spring’: How
Moscow Parted Easily with the ‘Novorossiya’ Leaders, Putin ‘The Imperialist’ A Runner-Up For
Time’s ‘Person of the Year’ and It’s Not Just Oil and Sanctions Killing Russia’s Economy, It’s
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Does Social Media Prove That Russian Law-Enforcers are Fighting in Ukraine?
13:40 (GMT)
The tweet is like hundreds that appear on Twitter, making a claim without a link that is hard to
prove -- that certain Russian combatants are fighting in Ukraine and killing Ukrainians.
fetching tweet...
Translation: A KPRF deputy sends his greetings to the SBU from Donbass.
The KPRF is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 2/33
Before long, this tweet without a link or any other information gets a bit embellished in the
translation because the bloggers from the region have a context that a Westerner might not have:
fetching tweet...
The first tweet shows a screenshot of the deputy's home page on the muncipal legislature of
Sergiyev Posad -- his name is Denis Akhromkin. Is he fighting in Ukraine now and killing Ukrainians?
We know it to be a generally true fact that there are Russian volunteers and regular soldiers fighting
in Ukraine because we've documented many such cases not only of Russian armor coming into
Ukraine, but also Russian soldiers killed in Ukraine, such as those on this list of more than 250
"Cargo 200" -- the Russian military term for soldiers killed in combat whose bodies are returned to
Russia -- or buried in the war zone with an Orthodox cross and only the name "Ivan."
Can such stories which so often come on Twitter without any links to their sources be confirmed?
Many of the details can, but we cannot definitely prove that Denis Akhromkin is in fact in combat
killing Ukrainians -- although he has been caught bragging this on posts since removed, and there
are many pictures of him armed, in combat zones -- and as we shall see, independent Russian
journalist Andrei Trofimov has asked a lot of hard questions and come up with some more relevant
context.
The problem with VKontakte and other social media is that they can be very misleading and
sometimes deliberately so and by themselves, aren't enough to establish a claim. Thousands of
such accounts are now being assiduously mined by an army of bloggers in Ukraine, Russia and the
West to prove that Russia invaded Ukraine and uses both volunteer and regular army in
Ukraine.And thousands of accounts are also being created by wannabees and provocateurs who
would like to discredit journalists.
The presence of "Lost Ivan" can be proved in other ways, also using social media or from the eyewitness
accounts of Western journalists. Despite limitations, VK has proven to be a useful resource
although not always as definitively as it may seem at first. Local journalists on the ground willing to
cover the war and ask hard questions who take incredible risks have also been needed to run these
stories to ground.
Contrary to what pro-Kremlin trolls say, Akhromkin does exist, is a member of the local city
legislature -- not the State Duma -- in Sergiyev Posad, a town in Moscow region famous for its
monasteries. Akhromkin appears to work at the Emergencies Ministry (Emercom) -- he is shown in
pictures and newspaper articles in the uniform and gear of this ministry -- and as a volunteer
patroller and possibly in that capacity has a legal firearms license.
He has a tattoo of the "Militant Russia" mixed martial arts club and a friend in a "Novorossiya" tshirt
featuring Col. Igor Strelkov.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 3/33
Akhromkin is a member of several organizations including the People's Militia which is an auxiliary
to the police. He has traveled to Moscow to lobby for the new law on druzhinniki which would give
them more powers and make it possible to fine citizens who resist their "lawful orders" face
punishment by fines.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 4/33
Akhromkin with deputies in the State Duma lobbying for the druzhinniki law. Photo by Alternativnaya
Gazeta
Is he in fact a member of the Communist Party? This was questioned by some Twitter members but
while not immediately evident, it was eventually confirmed. The Moscow Regional Chapter of the
Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) has written about him, describing a clash he had
with a Tajik labor migrant who hung out his underwear to dry on a clothesline. In a "think of the
children" moment and drawing on his existing practice as a "cleanser" of "illegal immigrants,"
Akhromkin informed that man that his laundry was in view of a children's playground and he had to
take it down.
The man resisted, words were exchanged, and at one point the migrant was said to take off his
pants to graphically show Akhromkin what he thought of such concerns, and then popped him over
the head with a bottle, although Akhromkin was not seriously injured. The police were summoned -
- and all of it was captured on tape as yet another successful "round-up" of a "churok," as Central
Asians are pejoratively called by such Russians.
This article happens to show Akhromkin's campaign poster for the KPRF where not surprisingly he
campaigns on the issues of "Migrants, Housing and Law and Order"
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 5/33
Photo by Andrei Trofimov Alternativnaya Gazeta
Akhromkin is a member of a group with a VKontakte page called "Dezinsektor" whose name
appears to be based on the Russian words for "disinfectant" and "sector" whose motto is: "We
catch illegals, we force the organs to work" -- meaning the police and intelligence agencies --
although some might be thinking of the Tajik migrant's defiant gesture.
From news accounts and his VK page, we can see Akhromkin is very active in bringing
"humanitarian aid" to southeastern Ukraine. But is he one of those fighters who smuggles himself
and arms into Ukraine under guise of the Red Cross, as described by this veteran in Yekaterinburg
who admitted he misused the local Red Cross organization in this fashion?
Here's Akhromkin standing in a telnyashka, a Russian paratrooper's t-shirt and a bullet-proof vest in
front of a Ukrainian ambulance. What's he doing there?
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 6/33
This type of story is popular in Ukrainian and Western mainstream media right now but it isn't
necessarily true -- in fact Newsweek has just run a story that is based on a faulty account by
NVUA.net and Ukrinform which we explained here and here and which ultimately led to the head of
the Moscow Red Cross to refute the story that he had claimed such Russian volunteers and arms
were being smuggled into Ukraine in white "humanitarian aid" trucks -- and to denounce Ukrainian
journalists who ran this story. Yet, as we pointed out, the debunkers failed to take into account that
the Moscow Red Cross in fact had been critical of how humanitarian aid was being brought into
Ukraine, and in fact there were reports of fighters smuggling themselves into Ukraine in vehicles
bearing the red cross.
The pictures on Akhromkin's VKontakte account do show him posing with guns, though it is
uncertain if they were legally obtained in relationship to his Emercom work or druzhinnik activity.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 7/33
They show him posing in Krasnodon, Ukraine, with Afghan war veterans and separatist fighters.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 8/33
They show him posing with the infamous Russian-backed battalion commander nick-named
"Motorola" who has twice broken his arm in combat - he appears to be in the ruins of the Donetsk
Airport.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 9/33
And here at the remains of the Saur-Mogila war memorial in the Donetsk region:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 10/33
As the pictures in the original tweet which we also confirmed are on his VK account indicate, he's
even posed by wreckage with the word "Donetsk." Is is he going on assault runs on the airport?
These pictures in fact are not proof he was actually in combat because of the propensity --
particularly of paramilitary groups and nationalist groups from Russia -- for people to want to pose
and get souvenir pictures.
Are there any other clues that could confirm he did fight in a war?
Akhromkin is also shows pictures of graves of Russian soldiers who have died in battle -- he writes
on the caption "Glory to Russian warriors. These men were not arms dealers, for them it was a
weapon of vengeance." It's not clear where they are buried, but the way in which their graves are
lined up so closely with the standard wooden Orthodox crosses often used to bury such soldiers in
Ukraine -- it's likely it is in Ukraine. At home, they would have a headstone.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 11/33
Disturbingly, he is shown by an ICRC vehicle -- again, is he one of these fighters smuggling himself
and his weapons into Ukraine under cover of the Red Cross? Or is he just making an aid delivery to
this location:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 12/33
Ultimately, it's hard to prove that these pictures, even with camouflage and guns, mean this man in
a militarized ministry and police auxiliary is in combat. He's sitting on a camouflaged tank -- but are
sneakers the right foot gear for combat?
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 13/33
But in the last week, Akhromkov appeared in sensational news reports by journalist Andrei Trofimov
who claimed that Akhromkin and another man had been arrested at the Russian-Ukrainian border
smuggling guns into Ukraine. Trofimov said he had tips from Russian law-enforcement about the
arrest. In his first article, he didn't mention any names and blacked out the faces of some militants
in a photo, but when Akhromkin himself issued public denials, he then did mentioned the name of
him and his friend.
Akhromkin indignantly denied the charges to the local media and in a YouTube address.
Trofimov stuck to his story and reported further and printed another photograph, this time showing
the face of Akhromkin and a buddy by a BTR:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 14/33
Trofimov writes that Akhromkin must have known who was detained at the border because he
made the comment "I begged them in every way not to put out ideas of unlawful actions and
withdrew from them."
And surely he knew when he said that he "never had" any relationship to unlawful activity that he
himself had a record for sentencing for unlawful weapons possession -- which he didn't report to
the police. If he did, reasons Trofimov, and he was the one who informed on Yury Prudenko (seen
above), with whom he had traveled to Ukraine, why did he begin blustering and denying? Prudenko
himself wrote angrily in the comments of Trofimov's article that they were simply inspected at the
border, no weapons were found.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 15/33
Yury Prudenko. Photo via Alternativnaya Gazeta
Now the story was starting to look a little less like "humanitarian aid drop-off" and more like
"combat tourism" in Ukraine.
But why were FSB agents informing a blogger of an effort to stop something that in fact they've
shielded their eyes from -- and participated in -- for most of this year? Is this the famous "dumping
of Novorossiya" that Col. Strelkov always frets about?
Trofimov then went even further and went to get a videotaped interview with Akhromkin and
Prudenko.
The story is long in the telling but between 7:00-9:00 you can see an interesting thing happen.
Akhromkin gets talking about "our armor" -- and Trofimov stops him. Our? As in -- you were
fighting with the rebels?
Akhromkin stammers through a tale of seeing some POWs, and seeing a Ukrainian tank -- and then
starts looking at the floor. Prudenko comes in with a more plausible tale -- they were driving along
the road, when they saw a Ukrainian tank that rebels had seized themselves. It was "pinched," as the
fighters often say in describing these cases.
Well, whose was it and what were they doing? Trofimov persists. Prudenko says he can hardly ask
the drivers of a tank who they are, and where they got the tank.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 16/33
So in the end, we can't say for sure what was going on here. Were these men at war, helping the
Russian-backed rebels -- and proving that the war isn't indigenous, or only partly so? Were they
merely armed deliverers of "humanitarian aid"? The prevalence of these stories now in the regional
press -- and the readiness with which they are being set up and then debunked -- suggests there is
some hand scripting this.
Trofimov points out that it's odd that he didn't mention Akhromkin's name in his first story -- yet he
instantly started issuing denials.
Trofimov then produces a number of materials indicating that the Ukrainian authorities have
declared Akhromkin a "terrorist," and published him on the crowd-sourcing site Center for
Researching Signs of State Treason, Separatism, Terrorism and Mercenarism in Ukraine which was
recently begun by the Ukrainian government to collect information from citizens -- and which has
been criticized by some as open to abuse and false denunciations.
It's on this site that a comment in reply to a woman who asks "Where are you?" Akhromkin says
"Stanitsa Luganskaya beating on Ukrainians"".
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 17/33
The site has photos that apparently were once on Akhromkin's VK but appear to have been
removed -- one picture has him in front of a machine gun, and another by a wall with some anti-
Ukrainian graffiti.
Trofimov also reports that Akhromkin was given a 200,000 ruble ($3,159) grant as a "People's
Militia" from the governor of Moscow Region.
That proves that whatever he is doing -- he is doing it with government financing and backing.
-- Catherine A. Fitzpatrick and Pierre Vaux
Published in Press-Stream Russia Update: January 7, 2015 in Publication Russia Update
Camp at Golovinka Had as Many as 2,000 Russian Soldiers
13:11 (GMT)
@DajeyPetros who runs the Ukraine@War blog has made an impressive discovery via Google Earth,
finding a huge military camp and staging ground set up last year near Golovinka in Russia's Rostov
region, not far from the Ukrainian border.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 18/33
This graphic from Ukraine@War indicates the size of the area, with the main camps highlighted in
red and the wider exercise area in yellow. @DajeyPetros estimates the camp at being 5 km long and
500 metres wide, making it the largest camp in the area.
The photo above was taken on October 10 2014. Compare with this photo from October 20, 2013:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 19/33
This contrast makes it clear that the camp was only established after this date, suggesting it was
created specifically to prepare for operations in Ukraine.
Here are some zoomed-in photos of the camp:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 20/33
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 21/33
@dajeypetros notes:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 22/33
Some 200 large tents can be counted. If 20 people can sleep in a large tent, it could give shelter to
4.000 people.
But there are also some other 100-200 spaces where tents HAVE BEEN standing:
These might have been from the units that have entered Ukraine after having temporarily stayed in this
base.
The area to the east of the encampment is littered with tracks and craters, indicating it has been
used as both a firing range and exercise ground:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 23/33
Note the trenches below:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 24/33
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 25/33
Helicopter landing pads are visible above.
@DajeyPetros also identifies rocket launchers from the satellite photos:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 26/33
fetching tweet...
Photos from Russian soldiers' VKontakte pages appear to have been taken at this site.
Looking further, we can see that a number, uploaded by soldier Aleksandr Maltsev, are locationtagged
in the Neklinovsky district, in which the camp is located.
The photos, uploaded on November 26 but likely taken earlier, make clear the scale of the
deployment:
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 27/33
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 28/33
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 29/33
T-90 tanks above.
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 30/33
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 31/33
Some are geotagged in the Myasnikovsky district, just to the east:
This photo of Maltev's shows a medal awarded for participation in the "return of Crimea."
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 32/33
Back on August 24, a video was uploaded showing an enormous column of tanks, armoured
personnel carriers and self-propelled artillery, purportedly near the Ukrainian border. While
extracting a location proved impossible, the footage does closely resemble the camp at Golovinka:
YouTube
Show Details... >
Jan 07, 2015 14:46 (GMT)
As we reported on August 26, the soldier in the video identifies himself as Chechen, we translated
the following from the Russian closed captions on the video (a Chechen translator has verified the
accuracy of the Russian translation for us):
3/27/2018 Russia Update: Large Russian Military Staging Ground Detected Near Ukrainian Border
http://www.interpretermag.com/russia-update-large-russian-military-staging-ground-detected-near-ukrainian-border/ 33/33
[Cameraman]:These guys are going to go on the attack to bring out those who have been left inside.
This whole host is going in to bring out all the dead and wounded.
You can't see the beginning and you can't see the end [of the column]. Yes, invisible.
We're ready to go in.
Allahu akbar...
Everything is in the hands of the Almighty. We will try to return home. And if we do not return forgive
us. We are full of courage to go forward.
Allahu akbar...
These are Chechen lads here too.
These tankers are Chechens.
[Tank crewman]: The war is underway, we'll make the Ukrainians shit themselves.
And all these guys are ready to cross the Terek.
And we will rip apart those fascists.
Protect us Almighty from all evil.
[Cameraman]:Allahu akbar.
-- Pierre Vaux
Published in Press-Stream Russia Update: January 7, 2015 in Publication Russia Update
Load More
Annex 551
CORRECT!V, Flug MH17: Der Weg Der Buk-Einheit (9 January 2015)
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Annex 552
Maddie Smith, Ten Civilians Killed in Ukrainian Bus Attack as Donetsk Airport Control Tower is
Destroyed, VICE (13 January 2015)
Ten Civilians Killed in Ukrainian Bus Attack as Donetsk Airport Control Tower Is Destroyed | VICE News
https://news.vice.com/article/ten-civilians-killed-in-ukrainian-bus-attack-as-donetsk-airport-control-tower-is-destroyed[6/3/2018 2:31:17 PM]
UKRAINE
By Maddie Smith
January 13, 2015 |
Ten Civilians Killed in Ukrainian Bus Attack as
Donetsk Airport Control Tower Is Destroyed
At least 10 people have died and 13 have been injured today after a passenger bus was shelled in the town of
Volnovakha, about 22 miles southwest of the rebel stronghold Donetsk, according to Ukrainian authorities. There
was also heavy fighting at Donetsk airport, where fire from separatist tanks reportedly destroyed the airport's
control tower.
The Donetsk regional administration, which is accountable to the government in Kiev, claimed that the pro-Russia
forces of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) hit the bus while it passed through an army checkpoint near
Volnovakha.
The head of Donetsk regional interior ministry, Vyacheslav Abroskin has confirmed Ukrainian forces are
WATCH SECTIONS REGIONS
ABOUT
Ten Civilians Killed in Ukrainian Bus Attack as Donetsk Airport Control Tower Is Destroyed | VICE News
https://news.vice.com/article/ten-civilians-killed-in-ukrainian-bus-attack-as-donetsk-airport-control-tower-is-destroyed[6/3/2018 2:31:17 PM]
investigating the attack. "It was a direct hit on an intercity bus. An investigation is in progress. The road between
Donetsk and Mariupol has been closed," Abroskin said.
However, a DPR official told Russian news agency TASS that it denied any responsibility, claiming: "All
accusations that these were the militiamen who opened fire at the bus are devoid of elementary logic. We are not
idiots to fire on our own territory".
The DPR defense ministry also described the incident as "a provocation on the part of Ukraine."
These civilian deaths came in the wake of skirmishes at Donetsk airport today, where the iconic control tower was
destroyed.
— ? January 13, 2015
Donetsk Airport Tower - before and after destruction. Read
full story — UKRAINE TODAY (@uatodaytv) January 13,
2015
Ten Civilians Killed in Ukrainian Bus Attack as Donetsk Airport Control Tower Is Destroyed | VICE News
https://news.vice.com/article/ten-civilians-killed-in-ukrainian-bus-attack-as-donetsk-airport-control-tower-is-destroyed[6/3/2018 2:31:17 PM]
The Interpreter translated Ukraine's LIGA Novosti report from one of the Ukrainian soldiers defending the airport,
also known as Cyborgs, who said the pro-Russia rebels besieging the tower had issued an ultimatum: "They're
smashing us from both sides with tanks 400 meters away and artillery. We have no support from our artillery. The
militants have given us until 17:00 to leave the new terminal."
After that deadline passed, heavy shelling was audible on the Ruptly live feed, a video news service from Russia's
state-owned TV channel Russia Today.
Igor Strelkov, the military rebel leader, has since tweeted suggesting that the rebel attack was successful: "As a
result of today's fighting Donetsk airport is fully under our control!"
This will come as a setback to the Ukrainian forces, who regarded the control-tower not only as a strategic
stronghold, but also as a symbol of their resistance against Russian oppression.
A lack of progress in establishing another ceasefire in the region has also meant plans for a summit this week
have been cancelled. Russian, French, and German leaders had been invited to attend talks on Thursday in the
Kazakh capital Astana by Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko.
But, following discussions held earlier in the week the four countries' foreign ministers have said the failure to
bring about a truce completely meant that "further work needs to be done" before a summit could be held.
TOPICS: europe, ukraine, war & conflict, donetsk, cyborgs, airport, volnovakha, civilians, bus attack, dnr, igor
strelkov
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Annex 553
Mariupol City Council, City Mayor Yuri Hotlubey and Donetsk Oblast Public Prosecutor Nikolai
Frantovsky Held a Briefing at Which They Described the Current Situation in Mariupol (VIDEO)
(24 January 2015)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
1
http://marsovet.org.ua/news/show/id/8143
Mariupol City Council
www.marsovet.org.ua /
Mayor Yuri Hotlubey and Donetsk Oblast public prosecutor Nikolai Frantovsky held a briefing at
which they described the current situation in Mariupol (VIDEO)
Today, January 24, mayor Yuri Hotlubey and Donetsk Oblast public prosecutor Nikolai
Frantovsky held a briefing for the media during which they reported on the progress of clean-up
operations following the shelling of the Vostochny neighborhood.
[…]
Buildings and structures were destroyed by shells, and 30–40 parked cars were burned. According
to the mayor, however, deaths and injuries among Mariupol residents were by far the worst
outcome of the shelling. As of 5:00 p.m., 29 people were killed (including two children), and
another 96 residents were injured to various degrees (including seven children). All of the injured
were sent to the city’s hospitals. Public Health Department head Olga Golubchenko is personally
monitoring medical care for the wounded. At present, all residents taken to the city’s hospitals are
receiving the full range of medical care, with operations and other procedures being performed
round the clock. [Public health officials] are confident that there are no shortages of medications.
As a result of the shelling, 53 multi-story buildings in the Vostochny neighborhood were damaged,
as well as 4 schools and 3 daycares. During the course of the day, the Mariupol City Council
organized work to restore the damaged infrastructure, including replacing windows and covering
window openings with plastic. Most of the repair work will be carried out tomorrow, starting at
8:00 a.m. An inspection of privately owned buildings will be carried out tomorrow, as well.
Mariupol metallurgical plants and volunteers are helping the housing authorities with repairs. In
addition, there are plans to open a warming station with food and hot tea near the church. A tent
and a generator have been set up there for that purpose.
[…]
During the day, busses were organized to run from the Denis and Kiev markets to downtown
Mariupol to serve those residents who wish to leave the Vostochny neighborhood. At present, two
busses are running the route on a regular schedule. […]
Annex 554
Oleksandr Stashevskiy, Rebels Launch Ukraine Offensive After Bloddy Bus Strike, AFP (24
January 2015)
Rebels launch Ukraine offensive after bloody bus strike
https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-ukraine-trade-blame-bloody-bus-attack-151821375.html[6/3/2018 2:32:19 PM]
Oleksandr Stashevskiy , AFP • January 14, 2015
Tonenke (Ukraine) (AFP) - Pro-Kremlin insurgents unleashed a
massive rocket assault in Ukraine Wednesday as Kiev and Moscow
traded blame for a bus shelling that killed 12 in the war's bloodiest
incident since a September truce.
The heavy calibre shells and grenades whistled through the sky
front line that skirts a devastated village 10 kilometres (six miles)
northwest of the eastern rebel stronghold Donetsk.
1 / 3
service shows a damaged bus after it was hit by a long-range Grad rocket apparently
This handout picture taken on January 13, 2015 by Anti-Terrorist Operation press service
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Rebels launch Ukraine offensive after bloody bus strike
https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-ukraine-trade-blame-bloody-bus-attack-151821375.html[6/3/2018 2:32:19 PM]
Blasts inside Tonenke itself -- abandoned by all but a handful of its
stetch toward a disputed airport on the edge of Donetsk.
"This is all-out war," a volunteer soldier who adopted the nom de
guerre "The Pastor" told AFP on his way out of a Donetsk suburb
used by Ukrainian troops to support a skeleton force holding on to
the airport since May.
"The attacks start early in the morning and end deep into the night.
There is a quiet spell of one or two hours at most. It has never been
like this before.""
The type of long-distance exchanges piercing the skies around the
militants' capital on Wednesday have caused hundreds of civilian
casualties throughout the nine-month campaign.
A long-range Grad rocket killed 12 people on Tuesday when it
exploded near a commuter bus travelling toward Donetsk from a
government-controlled city on Ukraine's southeast coast.
bloodied snow underscored how distant a truce remains after the
Ukraine's industrial base.
Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko told the nation that
"those who stand behind them -- those whose hand feeds them and
arms them, drills them and inspires them to commit bloody
crimes."
The transparent reference to Moscow -- charges which President
Vladimir Putin rejects -- was followed by Kiev claims that the
by Russia but not Ukraine.
eastern village of Vesele.
This type of system "only exists in the operational service of the
Russian army. It is not operated by us," Ukrainian defence ministry
spokeswoman Viktoria Kushnir told AFP.
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Rebels launch Ukraine offensive after bloody bus strike
https://www.yahoo.com/news/russia-ukraine-trade-blame-bloody-bus-attack-151821375.html[6/3/2018 2:32:19 PM]
- Russia 'outraged' -
Russia issued no immediate comment. But the foreign ministry's
rights envoy called the bus incident "another crime of the Kiev
military".
Konstantin Dolgov told the TASS news agency.
Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov later softened those
comments by conceding that "there are... several versions (of the
incident). We need to examine them."
Tuesday's incident marked the biggest single loss of civilian life
insurgents' independence claims.
peace summit where Putin could personally sign a truce under
which the Kremlin assumes responsibility for disarming the
militias and dispelling their independence claims.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel -- the West's main mediator in
argues that such a meeting would be premature with violence still
raging.
Putin has argued that the revolt in western Ukraine was a natural
response by ethnic Russians to their "persecution" by the more
nationalist leaders who ousted a Moscow-backed administration in
Kiev in February last year.
Kiev now also plans to apply for NATO membership -- a defensive
shift that the Kremlin views as both confrontational and a global
security threat.
A new NATO delegation arrived in Ukraine on Wednesday for a
week-long visit focused on "military and technological
cooperation".
The vague diplomatic term usually refers to arms deliveries. Kiev
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Annex 555
Oleksandr Stashevsky and Dmitry Zaks, Ukraine Rebels Announce New Offensive as Rockets
Kill 30, AFP (24 January 2015)
Annex 556
Viktoria Savitskaya, Mariupol Recovers after Shelling, LB.ua (24 January 2015)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
Mariupol recovers after shelling – news portal LB.ua
1
News Publications Blogs Rus
Ukraine. Independence Chronicles War in Donbass Autonomy of Ukrainian Orthodox Church
[…]
Main – Society – War – January 24, 2015, 7:30 PM
Mariupol recovers after shelling
Residents of Mariupol’s Vostochny neighborhood started the morning with broken windows,
explosions, sirens and screams.
Viktoria Savitskaya, journalist, Mariupol
Photo: ERA/UPG
“I was woken by an awful bang. The windows and walls were shaking. The apartment was full of smoke
and [I] could smell gas. We grabbed our money and our documents and ran to the bus stop,” says
Oksana. Her building is across the courtyard from the Denis market, where one of the shells landed. Her
family has found refuge with friends who live on the other side of town. She does not know when they
will go home, even if it is just to retrieve their things.
Mariupol recovers after shelling – news portal LB.ua
2
“I was making breakfast in the kitchen. There were shots in the distance, but we are used to that,” Larisa
laughs bitterly. Her building was also within the radius of destruction. “Then there was a boom and the
windows all shattered. It’s a good thing we had taped over them, or I would have been cut by the
shards. I grabbed my son and ran into the hallway. The neighbors were out there. One neighbor lady
was screaming in the darkness, ‘Your Putin is here now. Enjoy your New Russia!’ We were always
Ukraine and spoke Ukrainian.”
Shells hit the Kiev market and the school courtyard. Windows were shattered in almost all the buildings.
Balconies and walls are damaged, and almost all the cars in the parking lot were burned.
The shelling caught people by surprise. On Saturday morning, most of the neighborhood residents were
on their way to the market to buy groceries or at the school for sports practices… According to the latest
information, 29 people were killed (two of them children) and 97 were wounded (including five
children).
As soon as the shelling stopped, crowds of people began running from the neighborhood. Some left
their homes with small bags in which they carried everything they could hold, while others could be
seen dragging a sofa.
The army, the Emergency Ministry, ambulance crews and the city government arrived at the site of the
attack almost immediately.
A collection point was organized for people wishing to go to the city’s central districts.
The wave of panic died down by lunch, despite the fact that shelling started again at 1:45.
A local resident recounted that his daughter works at the Kiev market. Two minutes before the shelling
started, he had brought her lunch:
Photo:
Mariupol recovers after shelling – news portal LB.ua
3
That’s when it started. There were three dead bodies right were we
were standing. They were shelling the market. There were two
rockets sticking out of the asphalt. I went out so I could take a look.
The rockets had come from the direction of Novoazovsk. The
cleaning products store was on fire. There were probably people in
there…
According to official reports, the shells came from the direction of Sakhanka and Zaichenko townships.
The city council’s emergency diving service and the Mariupol office of the Emergency Ministry are
setting up an aid station by the church in Kiev Street for those left without a roof over their heads.
Volunteers will be available in the tent 24/7. A generator has been brought in, and food and hot tea are
available for anyone in need.
“We brought in plastic sheeting and started helping people cover their windows. The strangest thingwas
that people asked us how much we were selling it for. Can you imagine? While we’re still being shelled,”
recounts a volunteer named Ivan. “We also brought water, and we helped several people leave right
away. Now we are collecting donations. Tomorrow we will go back with full trunks.”
City hospitals treating the injured have been provided with donor blood and medications. At this point,
what people need most is psychological help.
Photo:
Mariupol recovers after shelling – news portal LB.ua
4
The degree of destruction is still to be determined. Rescue workers are making their way through the
destroyed buildings and putting out fires. At present, 14 fires have been reported.
The main gas line near checkpoint No. 15 was damaged. Three substations were damaged in Pavlopol
and Sartana, cutting off the city’s power supply. A safe corridor must be established in order for them to
be restored. In Vostochny, repairs have already begun.
The Vostok boiler station has been shut down and disconnected from the grid due to the lack of power
supply. Boiler station authorities drained the water from the system to keep it from freezing. Heat
supply will be restored to residential buildings as soon as the substations are operational again.
Travel in the neighborhood is difficult but not subject to restriction. Traffic police are regulating
intersections.
Mayor Yuri Hotlubey reported at an emergency meeting that 53 buildings, 3 daycares and 4 schools in
the neighborhood were damaged. Between 30 and 49 parked cars were burned.
Daycares and schools in the city’s western neighborhoods have opened their doors to those affected.
Since the shelled neighborhood is now without water, gas, electricity and heat, many of its residents
have left. According to the city’s chief public prosecutor, patrols have been organized in Vostochny.
Photo: Viktoria Savitskaya
Mariupol recovers after shelling – news portal LB.ua
5
Viktoria Savitskaya, journalist, Mariupol
Topics: MARIUPOL, PHOTO, MILITARY ACTION IN EASTERN UKRAINE, SHELLING IN MARIUPOL
Photo: Viktoria Savitskaya
Annex 557
Stephen Brown and Noah Barkin, Merkel Rules Out Arming Ukraine Government But Unsure
Peace Push Will Work, Reuters (7 February 2015)
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Annex 558
Lb.ua, Media Publish the Demands of the DPR and LPR for the Resolution of the Conflict
(Documents) (11 February 2015)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
Media publish the demands of the DPR and LPR for the resolution of the conflict (docume…
2
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Home — Politics — February 11, 2015, 15:58
Media publish the demands of the DPR and LPR for the
resolution of the conflict (documents)
Terrorists mainly repeating the Kremlin’s proposals
Denis Pushilin (right), Chairman of the Supreme Council of
the DPR, and Vladislav Deynego (left), representing the LPR
Photo: EPA/UPG
The terrorists from the DPR and the LPR
have drawn up new demands which will
be discussed today at the “Normandy
format” negotiations. A Protocol
comprising 15 points was provided to
Ukraine yesterday at the meeting of the
Trilateral Contact Group, Zerkalo Nedeli
reports, citing its own sources.
The document, titled “Protocol of a
Meeting of the Trilateral Contact Group,
with the Participation of Representatives
of Individual Areas of the Donetsk and
Lugansk Regions, Regarding a Set of Measures Aimed at the Political Resolution of the Conflict,”
contains 15 points. Their gist can be summarized as follows.
1. Ensure a comprehensive ceasefire as of 10:00 a.m. on February 12, 2015 (Kiev time).
2. Ensure the withdrawal of heavy weaponry (with a caliber of 100 mm. or greater): for
Ukrainian troops – from the actual line of contact of the sides; for the armed formations
of the individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions – from the line of contact of
the sides under the Minsk Protocol dated September 19, 2014. The document also
determines the distance to which weaponry systems of various types are to be removed
for the creation of a security zone. The withdrawal should commence no later than the
second day following the ceasefire, and the process should be facilitated by military
experts from the OSCE.
Media publish the demands of the DPR and LPR for the resolution of the conflict (docume…
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3. Adopt, by February 20, 2015, a Verkhovna Rada resolution, specifying a list of the areas to
which the special status applies in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the
Temporary Procedure of Local Self-Government in Individual Areas of the Donetsk and
Lugansk Regions” (within the line of contact established by the appendix to the Minsk
Protocol dated September 19, 2014).
4. By March 20, 2015, coordinate with the representatives of the individual areas the draft
Law of Ukraine on the municipal elections in the individual areas and commence a dialog
on issues of the granting to these areas of an autonomous status.
5. Cancel, by February 23, 2015, all the decisions of the political and military leadership of
Ukraine on the conduct by the Armed Forces and the National Guard of the anti-terrorist
operation in the Donbass.
6. Pass and bring into force, by February 25, 2015, a Law of Ukraine prohibiting the
prosecution and punishment of persons for the events which took place in individual
areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions. Secure the pardoning, amnestying and
exchange of all persons held in Ukraine (exchanging all persons for all persons). This
process should be complete no later than the fifth day following withdrawal.
7. Reinstate social services for the individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions (the
payment of pensions and benefits) and secure safe access, supplies, storage and
distribution of humanitarian aid. Restore in full the socio-economic interaction between
the parties, including in the banking sphere.
8. Withdraw all foreign armed formations, military equipment and military personnel and
contractors from Ukraine, with monitoring from the OSCE. Disarm all illegal groups.
9. Carry out constitutional reforms in Ukraine, including extensive decentralization by
granting individual areas of the Donbass an autonomous status.
10. Organize free and fair elections of all local authorities on the basis of the Law of Ukraine
on municipal elections in individual areas and the Law of Ukraine on the special status of
the Donbass, as coordinated with representatives of the individual areas of the Donetsk
and Lugansk Regions, with international monitoring.
11. Extend the work of the OSCE mission to border areas not currently under the control of
Ukraine, following the entry into force of the amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine,
Media publish the demands of the DPR and LPR for the resolution of the conflict (docume…
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and as coordinated with representatives of the individual areas of the Donetsk and
Lugansk Regions.
Read: Poroshenko announces martial law due to the collapse of the meeting in
Minsk
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(DPR and LPR draft)
Protocol
of a Meeting of the Trilateral Contact Group,
with the Participation of Representatives of Individual Areas
of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions, Regarding a Set of Measures
Aimed at the Political Resolution of the conflict
In pursuance of the Protocol based on the results of consultations (Minsk, Republic of
Belarus, September 5, 2014), the participants of the Trilateral Contact Group, made up of
representatives of Ukraine, Russia and the OSCE, and representatives of individual areas of the
Donetsk and Lugansk Regions, have reached an understanding regarding a set of measures
aimed at the political resolution of the conflict:
1. Ensure a comprehensive ceasefire as of 10:00 a.m. (Kiev time) on February 12, 2015.
2. Ensure the withdrawal of heavy weaponry (with a caliber of 100 mm. or greater):
- for Ukrainian troops – from the actual line of contact of the sides;
- for the armed formations of the individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions
– from the line of contact of the sides under the Minsk Memorandum dated September 19, 2014.
To create a security zone, the weaponry systems should be removed to a distance from
one another of:
- heavy weaponry – at least 50 km.;
- multiple artillery rocket systems (with the exception of the Smerch and Uragan multiple
artillery rocket systems) – at least 70 km.
The Tochka, Tochka-U missile systems and Smerch and Uragan multiple artillery rocket
systems should be removed to a distance of at least 140 km.
Photo: zn.ua
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from the actual line of contact (only for the armed forces of Ukraine).
The withdrawal should commence no later than the second day following the ceasefire.
The process should be facilitated by military experts from the OSCE, with the support
of the Trilateral Contact Group.
3. Adopt, by February 20, 2015, a Verkhovna Rada resolution, specifying a list of the
areas to which the special status applies in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the
Temporary Procedure of Local Self-Government in Individual Areas of the Donetsk and
Lugansk Regions” (“On the Special Status”) (within the line of contact established by the
appendix to the Minsk Memorandum dated September 19, 2014).
4. By March 20, 2015, coordinate with the representatives of the individual areas the
draft Law of Ukraine on the municipal elections in the individual areas and commence a dialog
on issues of the granting to these areas of an autonomous status.
5. Ensure effective monitoring and verification of the ceasefire regime and withdrawal
of heavy weaponry by the OSCE from the first day, using all the necessary technical equipment,
including satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles and radar systems.
6. Cancel, by February 23, 2015, all the decisions of the political and military leadership
of Ukraine on the conduct by the Armed Forces and the National Guard of the anti-terrorist
operation in the Donbass.
7. Pass and bring into force, by February 25, 2015, a Law of Ukraine prohibiting the
prosecution and punishment of persons for the events which took place in individual areas of
the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions which are or were under the control of the armed formations
of the Donbass.
8. Secure the pardoning, amnestying and exchange of all persons held in Ukraine
(exchanging all persons for all persons). This process should be complete no later than the
Photo: zn.ua
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fifth day following withdrawal.
9. Reinstate social services for the individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions
(the payment of pensions and benefits) and secure safe access, supplies, storage and distribution
of humanitarian aid to those in need on the basis of international mechanisms.
10. Restore in full the socio-economic interaction between the parties, including in the
banking sphere.
11. Withdraw all foreign armed formations, military equipment and military personnel
and contractors from Ukraine, with monitoring from the OSCE. Disarm all illegal groups.
12. Carry out constitutional reforms in Ukraine, including extensive decentralization by
granting individual areas of the Donbass an autonomous status.
13. Organize free and fair elections of all local authorities on the basis of the Law of
Ukraine on municipal elections in individual areas and the Law of Ukraine on the special status
of the Donbass, as coordinated with representatives of the individual areas of the Donetsk and
Lugansk Regions, with international monitoring.
14. At a certain stage of the political resolution (following the entry into force of the
amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine on decentralization and the granting of an
autonomous status to individual areas and the signing of the Act on Guarantees for the Safety of
Selected Persons and Self-Government Institutions of the Donbass), as agreed with
representatives of individual areas of the Lugansk and Donetsk Regions, secure the extension of
the work of the OSCE mission to border areas not currently under the control of Ukraine.
15. Intensify the work of the Trilateral Contact Group with the participation of
representatives of individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions on a permanent basis.
Create working sub-groups for all aspects of the implementation of this Protocol.
Photo: zn.ua
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The proposals of the DPR and the LPR effectively repeat the Kremlin’s “wishes” as regards the
resolution of the conflict. The Ukrainian side’s position was that the workings drafted with the
participation of the German and French sides should be used as the basis of the document to
be drafted.
“During the “Normandy format” negotiations scheduled for today between the heads of state
in Minsk, the logic of the Russian side will be close to the logic of the proposals set forth in the
draft Protocol of the DPR and the LPR: “first hand over the money, hold the elections, and then
we’ll close the border.” It will be a hot-tempered battle,” Zerkalo Nedeli cites an unnamed
source as saying.
As a reminder, the meeting between the heads of the four states is scheduled to commence in
Minsk at any moment.
TOPICS: RUSSIA’S INVASION OF UKRAINE, COMBAT OPERATIONS IN THE EAST OF UKRAINE,
DPR, LPR, MINSK NEGOTIATIONS
Annex 559
Zn.ua, The DPR’s and LPR’s Proposals at the Negotiations in Minsk (11 February 2015)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
Ensure2015 (Kiev time
Ensure(with a caliber of 100 mm. or greater): for
dated September 19, 2014. The document also determines the distance to which weaponry
systems of various types are to be removed for the creation of a security zone. The withdrawal should
commence no later than the second day following the ceasefire, and the process should be facilitated by
military experts from the OSCE
Adopt, by February 20, 2015, a Verkhovna Rada resolution, specifying a
in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On the Temporary Procedure of
Local Self-Government in Individual Areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions” (within the line of contact
established by the appendix to the Minsk Protocol dated September 19, 2014)
By March 20, 2015, coordinate with the representatives of the individual areas the draft Law of
Ukraine on the and commence a dialog on issues of the
by February 23, 2015of the political and military leadership of Ukraine
on thein the
Donbass
Pass and bring into force, by February 25, 2015, a Law of Ukraine prohibiting the prosecution and
punishment of persons for the events which took place in individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk
Regions. Secure theof all persons held in Ukraine (exchanging
all persons for all persons). This process should be complete no later than the fifth day following withdrawal
Reinstate for the individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions
and secure safe access, supplies, storage and distribution of
humanitarian aid. Restore in full the socio-economic interaction between the parties, including in the
banking sphere.
with monitoring from the
OSCE. Disarm all illegal groups.
Carry outincluding extensive decentralization by granting
Organize free and fairon the basis of the Law of Ukraine on
municipal elections in individual areas and the Law of Ukraine on the special status of the Donbass, as
coordinated with representatives of the individual areas of the Donetsk and Lugansk Regions, with
international monitoring
Annex 560
Vladimir Soldatkin and Pavel Polityuk, “Glimmer of Hope” for Ukraine After New Ceasefire
Deal, Reuters (12 February 2015)
Annex 561
Linda Kinstler, A Ukrainian City Holds Its Breath, Foreign Policy (20 February 2015)
Annex 562
Deadly Bomb Blast Hits Rally In Ukraine , Al Jazeera (22 February 2015)
6/1/2018 Deadly bomb blast hits rally in Ukraine | News | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2015/02/deadly-bomb-blast-hits-rally-ukraine-150222163934300.html 1/3
Officials say those who attacked pro-Kiev rally marking anniversary of protesters'
deaths were instructed by Moscow.
/
At least two people have been killed after a blast struck a crowd at a pro-Ukrainian rally
far from eastern Ukraine's war zone, and Kiev said it had arrested suspects who had been
armed and instructed in Russia.
6/1/2018 Deadly bomb blast hits rally in Ukraine | News | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2015/02/deadly-bomb-blast-hits-rally-ukraine-150222163934300.html 2/3
Ukrainian authorities fear violence could spread from two rebellious provinces to other
areas in the mainly Russian-speaking east, a swathe of territory which the Kremlin calls
"New Russia".
The bomb in Kharkiv, the biggest city in the east, struck one of numerous events across
Ukraine on Sunday marking the deaths of 100 protesters a year ago in an uprising that
toppled a Moscow-backed president.
"Today is memorial Sunday, but on this day terrorist scum revealed its predatory nature,"
President Petro Poroshenko said on Facebook. "This is a brazen attempt to expand the
territory of terrorism."
Amateur footage posted on the Internet showed a few hundred marchers with Ukrainian
flags shouting "glory to the heroes!" when the blast occurred. Demonstrators and
bystanders, including a woman pushing a baby in a pram, fled in panic. A wounded man
in military uniform lay in snow crying for help.
A Reuters journalist at the scene later filmed the bodies of two men lying by the road,
draped in blue and yellow Ukrainian flags and surrounded by shrapnel.
Kharkiv is more than 200km from the war zone. It has occasionally seen violent protests
by separatists in the past year but is now firmly under government control, and residents
mostly support Kiev.
A Ukrainian prosecutor said one of those killed and four of the wounded were police who
had been guarding the demonstration.
Igor Rossokha, a Ukrainian demonstrator, told Reuters his friend Igor was one of those
killed: "We tried to give him first aid, but the paramedics arrived and said he'd died
instantly because he was struck in the heart.
"We just wanted to commemorate the anniversary, and this happened right at the start of
our march," he said. "The whole thing was called off immediately out of fear there could
be more bombs on the route."
6/1/2018 Deadly bomb blast hits rally in Ukraine | News | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2015/02/deadly-bomb-blast-hits-rally-ukraine-150222163934300.html 3/3
'Ukrainians instructed by Russia'
Markian Lubkivskyi, an aide to the head of Ukraine's SBU security service, said four
suspects had been arrested. They were allegedly planning to conduct a series of attacks in
the city with a Russian-made "Shmel" rocket launcher.
"They are Ukrainian citizens, who underwent instruction and received weapons in the
Russian Federation, in Belgorod," he told Ukraine's 112 Television. Belgorod is a city
across the nearby Russian border from Kharkiv.
Olexander Turchinov, secretary of Ukraine's National Security and Defence Council, said
Kharkiv was put under high alert in an anti-terrorist operation.
Moscow did not immediately respond to the accusations. It has long denied aiding its
radical sympathisers in Ukraine.
Ukrainian officials initially said the blast was caused by an explosive thrown from a car,
but later said a bomb had been buried under snow. The explosion follows blasts in other
Ukrainian cities in recent weeks, although it appears to be the first with fatalities.
Annex 563
Kiev Blames Russia, L.A. Times (22 February 2015)
Annex 564
The Interpreter Magazine, We All Knew What We Were Going For and What Could Happen
(English translation of an interview in Novaya Gazeta by Elena Kostyuchenko dated 2 March
2015)
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Annex 565
BBC News, Putin Reveals Secrets of Russia's Crimea Takeover Plot (9 March 2015)
Annex 566
DW, Putin reveals details of decision to annex Crimea, (9 March 2015)
Putin reveals details of decision to annex Crimea
Russian President Vladimir Putin has described the moment he claims to have ordered the incorporation of Crimea into the
Russian Federation. Details of the overnight meeting came to light in a forthcoming documentary.
Putin said he decided to begin the annexation of Crimea when he met security officials to discuss rescue plans for ousted Ukrainian President
Viktor Yanukovych.
In a trailer for the documentary titled "Homeward Bound," Putin said it had been decided upon in an overnight meeting from February 22 to
23. At the end, he told defense ministry officials and special forces commanders to start work on the annexation.
"We ended at about seven in the morning," Putin said in the trailer. "When we were saying goodbye, I said to all my colleagues: we must start
working on returning Crimea to Russia."
By late February, Yanukovych had already arrived in Russia, and unmarked Russian forces were preparing to establish a presence in Crimea.
Soldiers took over the Crimean local parliament and voted in a new government, with the region being incorporated two days after a March 16
referendum in favor of joining Russia.
Changing story of occupation
The military operation was initially kept secret with the Kremlin insisting that only locals were involved in the uprising against Kyiv. Putin later
conceded Russian troops were involved, particularly in the build-up to the cessation vote. Russian officials had previously said the annexation
decision, to which Kyiv has strongly objected, was taken only after the referendum.
Russian soldiers have been given medals "For returning Crimea" that cite the beginning of the operation as February 20, before the overnight
meeting even took place.
Home to Russia's Black Sea fleet, Crimea was given by
Russia to Ukraine when both were part of the USSR
Putin also said the Russian military had been preparing to fight its way into the eastern
city of Donetsk to rescue Yanukovych, with Putin claiming the toppled pro-Russian
leader would have otherwise been killed.
"We got ready to get him out of Donetsk by land, by sea and by air," said Putin.
The minute-long trailer, aired late on Sunday by state television channel Rossiya-1,
featured dramatic music and shots of the Crimean coast. The channel did not specify
when the full film would be shown, only that it would be broadcast "soon."
Crimea has an ethnic Russian majority and is the base of Moscow's Black Sea fleet.
Having been part of the Russian empire, it was transferred by Kremlin leader Nikita
Khrushchev as a "gift" to Ukraine from Russia in 1954 when both countries were part of the Soviet Union.
Fighting in the eastern Ukraine regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, which has killed more than 6,000 people, flared up in April in the wake of
Crimea's annexation by Russia.
rc/jr (AP, AFP, dpa, Reuters)
UN: More than 6,000 killed in Ukraine war
More than 6,000 people have been killed since eastern Ukraine's separatist insurgency erupted last April, the UN says. The Geneva-based body warned the
situation had "dramatically deteriorated" in recent months. (02.03.2015)
Ukraine's new president rejects annexation of Crimea
Ukraine's new president, Petro Poroshenko, has vowed to maintain the territorial integrity of his country, including Crimea. In his inauguration speech, he
also vowed to pursue closer ties with the European Union. (07.06.2014)
Crimea headed for rocky transition
The majority of Crimea's inhabitants have chosen to split from Ukraine and join Russia. Their decision, however, will bring far-reaching changes and a host
of international legal problems. (18.03.2014)
Annex 567
Meduza, I Serve the Russian Federation!’ Soldiers Deployed During the Annexation of Crimea
Speak (16 March 2015)
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Annex 568
Maxim Tucker, Russia Launches Next Deadly Phase of Hybrid War on Ukraine, Newsweek (31
March 2015)
Annex 569
Olga Ivshyna, Commander of the “Special Forces of the DPR”: Russia’s Help was Decisive, BBC
Russia (31 March 2015)
1
“DNR Special Forces and Tactics” Fighter:
Russia's Assistance Played a Decisive Role
Andrey Goryanov, Olga Ivshina, BBC
Photo copyright holder: Dmitry Sapozhnikov
Image caption. Dmitry Sapozhnikov claims he fought in battles outside
Donetsk since October 2014
Dmitry Sapozhnikov, commander of a special forces and tactics unit of the selfproclaimed
Donetsk People’s Republic, a native of Russia, discusses the
previously unknown details of the battle of Debaltsevo in the following interview
with BBC. According to him, Russian career officers, including generals,
commanded the operation.
Dmitry Sapozhnikov was born and raised in St. Petersburg. As he told BBC, at age 16 he
joined the Russian monarchic movement, then graduated from the law department at St.
Petersburg State University. However, politics has always been his passion. As he put it,
he is now the leader of the St. Petersburg branch of the Monarchic Party of Russia.
According to Delovoy Petersburg newspaper, in 2007 he founded the company
Arkhangelsk Construction Timber that specialized in construction of wooden houses,
which employed several dozen people several years later. However, business was not his
passion but rather something he was forced to do: “In reality, for me business is a kind of
lowly merchantry. Buy to sell... I had to take up this rather lowly occupation”.
In October 2014, Dmitry decided to go to Ukraine’s southeast to “defend Russian people”,
in his own words. Dmitry told BBC that he commanded a special forces and tactics unit of
the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s
/russian/international/2015/03/150325_donetsk_rebel_interviewbbc.com
2
Republic (he is now on leave at his home in St. Petersburg) and participated in the
battles of Donetsk Airport and Debaltsevo.
According to DNR representatives, it was special forces and tactics officers of the selfproclaimed
“republic” that snapped closed the neck of the “Debaltsevo Pocket” in the
latter half of February. According to Dmitry, his unit was prepared for a possible offensive
on Mariupol at the time when he was in Ukraine’s southeast. He was interviewed over
Skype two weeks ago. The last to questions were posed to Dmitry in person after his
return to St. Petersburg.
BBC: Dmitry, in your opinion, how effectively can volunteer battalions and regular
units of the Ukrainian Army repel an offensive in the direction of Mariupol? Will the
offensive be successful and quite swift as soon as you receive your orders?
D.S.: Let me let you in on a small secret. Take Debaltsevo, for example. We went there in
early February, were stationed in Uglegorsk, and moved out to our positions in heavy
vehicles. We laid the road to Logvinovo. However, we got encircled. There were very
many Ukrainian soldiers who fought against us. But eventually we broke through and
captured that “neck” in Logvinovo because our tank reinforcements arrived in 3-5 days. It
was the Russian Army, a unit from Buryatia. Thanks to them and their heavy armored
vehicles, we captured Debaltsevo.
Tanks and Russian units moved in from the direction of the Luhansk People’s Republic.
But I think this is no longer a secret. Everybody acknowledges this, and so do the
Russians. I have seen a lot of information on the Internet: they have admitted that
Russian soldiers fight there, and there are very many units of theirs. So, in principle, I am
not disclosing any secret information to you now. Everybody knows that already. (After
returning to St. Petersburg, Dmitry was amazed to learn how little the local residents
knew about the involvement of the Russian military in battles in Ukraine’s southeast –
Editor).
Thanks to Russian units, we are able to capture new positions quickly. Outside Debaltsevo
we stood thinking that we would have to keep them in that “pocket” for another month...
We ended up capturing them in just three days. (Russia has been consistently denying
involvement in the conflict in Ukraine’s east or that it has been helping the separatists.
Russia’s position is described in more detail at the end of the article – Editor).
BBC: Are we right in understanding your opinion that the assistance of the
Russian military during such operations played a decisive role?
D.S.: Of course. Russian generals, Russian colonels. They made all the decisions,
“I think there is a secret agreement.”
Photo copyright holder: Dmitry Sapozhnikov
Image caption. According to Dmitry, the assistance of Russian tank units during the
battle of Debaltsevo was decisive.
3
BBC: Do you often have to coordinate your operations with regular Russian units
and Russian command? If so, how does this interaction happen?
D.S.: Naturally, all operations, particularly such large-scale operations as “pockets”, are
commanded by the Russian military, Russian generals. They make plans together with
our commanders. I often had to visit the headquarters and deliver reports. This
coordination happens in a quite simple manner. They come up with the plans together
while we bring those plans to life.
BBC: If you, could you reveal the names of those who commanded the
Debaltsevo operation on the side of the Russian Army?
D.S.: I think this would cause a stir in Russia. This is unnecessary.
BBC: But do you actually receive direct orders from the Russian military?
D.S.: We do in case of large-scale operations, but not under normal situations. For
example, we received orders from Zakharchenko during the offensive on the Donetsk
Airport and clashes near Spartak (a village in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine – Editor).
BBC: But Russia still refuses to admit that its career officers are involved in the
Donbas conflict...
D.S.: Yes. But I think this will happen the way it did in Crimea. Initially everybody denied
the involvement of the Russian military in the annexation of Crimea. Now I can see they
are no longer doing that. They have released a documentary: Putin’s admission about
Crimea, how he himself saved Yanukovych (he means the documentary by Andrey
Kondrashov, Crimea: The Road Home" – Note by BBC). I think the same thing will happen
here. For that matter, it seems to me there exists some kind of secret agreement among
Russia, the EU, and the USA, under which they refrain from exposing one another. For
example, if the EU and the US wanted to expose Russia’s involvement here, I think this
could have been easily accomplished. They would have simply photographed the vehicles,
and that’s it. But they are not doing it. They are turning a blind eye to this. Meanwhile,
Russians are turning a blind eye to the fact that the American and European military
personnel are fighting on the Ukrainian side.
BBC: Have you personally seen those Americans and Europeans here? Are there many of
them?
D.S.: Of course. When we took Debaltsevo, we captured some 300 international fighters
(this information could not be verified – Editor). Americans, Europeans.
Most of them were snipers. Very many instructors. Our instructors are mostly
Russian officers, while theirs are, naturally, Western officers.
BBC: Did the military personnel you took prisoner tell you anything? Did they
tell you they were volunteers? Or did you capture them with identity
documents of military personnel?
4
D.S.: I did not speak to them personally, but they were said to be professionals. I think
their paperwork is already in order, and they are staying here as representatives of
private military companies.
“They knew what they were up against”
Photo copyright holder: Dmitry Sapozhnikov
Image caption. Sapozhnikov sustained a mild shell shock and was sent for
treatment.
BBC: You have said that you communicate with Russian soldiers a lot. What is
their morale like? How do they feel about fighting a war in eastern Ukraine?
D.S.: Here I met only Russian military personnel fighting under contract. There was a unit
from Buryatia outside Debaltsevo. There were Buryats only. They said that everybody
knew perfectly well where they were going, but the official legend was that "we’re going
for training”. Word has it that they had been transported in freight cars at night so nobody
would see anything. They say there were some who refused to go. They could easily say
no. But those who came here, they did so voluntarily and knew what they were up
against.
BBC: In your opinion, how much longer will this conflict last?
D.S.: All of this will continue until Ukraine gives up. But everything seems to be going that
way already. I have been communicating with a young lady from Odesa. She says that
they buy bread for 30 hryvnias per loaf now (according to the Ukrainian Service of BBC,
bread costs 7 to 10 hryvnias per loaf – Editor). This is horrible! It’s not surprising that the
people are rebelling. We will wait for a change of government. My observation is that the
Ukrainian people mostly oppose the war. But the Ukrainian authorities are determined to
continue the conflict. If there's a change of government and Poroshenko leaves, the war
will end. Meanwhile, we will fight until the territory of Donbas becomes free. I hope this will
happen in the immediate future. But I am prepared to stay here for a year or two.
BBC: Tell us a little about yourself.
D.S.: I studied at St. Petersburg State University. I had a goal of going into politics and
becoming a people’s representative. All of my predecessors had been in the military since
time out of mind. I joined the Russian Monarchic Movement aged 16. I am now officially
the chairman of the regional office of the St. Petersburg chapter of the Monarchic Party of
Russia. But my career as a people's representative did not work out for some reason. So I
gradually started paying more attention to business. I originally performed housing
renovations. We later started renovating entire condos before switching to construction.
Then I started a business in timber, construction, and timber harvesting. In October I
abandoned everything and traveled to Donbas to defend Russians.
BBC: Could this war have been avoided?
5
Photo copyright holder: Dmitry Sapozhnikov
Image caption
Sapozhnikov has already lost several friends in the Donbas conflict, but says he's
prepared to stay there for another year.
D.S.: I think that if we hadn’t defended the DNR and LNR and hadn’t taken away Crimea,
Russia would have had a revolution. People would simply not understand why we did not
defend our own people. This would have been sheer betrayal. I believe that Putin did the
right thing by defending Russians.
BBC: What would this betrayal be manifested in exactly?
D.S.: Before annexation of Crimea and the victorious Sochi Olympics, I had a bad attitude
toward Putin, so to speak. I leaned toward the opposition. Both in terms of politics and
worldview. Now I can see that Putin is the only man capable of keeping the power vertical
in order. If it weren’t for Putin, somebody like Nemtsov would be ruining the country now.
We would have a repetition of the 1990s.
BBC: What can you tell Ukrainians who support independence and believe that the
brotherly Russian people attacked them?
D.S.: You had to ask this question when I was still in Donetsk. While I’m here in St.
Petersburg, I even feel somewhat unusual (discussing this - Editor). I have already
grown distant. What kind of independence do they want? They had independence before
the Maidan Revolution. Did we invade their territory? I don’t consider it an invasion even
now.
The situation was the same during WWI with Serbia and Montenegro. Did we invade
then? They were grateful to us. The same is happening here. We have defended our
brotherly people who faced the risk of persecution. Do you remember the calls of the
Right Sector and Turchynov’s government? What did they promise to do to those who
oppose the authorities? We all remember this well.
I think Ukraine should now be looking in the other direction. Because they have now
become vassals of Europe and the USA. I think they should come turn around and
understand that they don’t have any kind of independence.
BBC: Russia is not discussing openly the Russian casualties in Ukraine’s
southeast. Why do you suppose that is?
D.S.: When I was there I was certain that everybody was aware of the presence of the
Russian military in Ukrainian territory. Now, knowing that they don't know anything, I find
it hard to answer this question.
I think if they start openly discussing the presence of the Russian military and losses, this
would mean direct invasion of another country. This could in turn cause an international
scandal.
Why isn’t Russia discussing losses openly? Why isn’t Russia burying Russian soldiers
openly and with honors? I don't really understand that myself. But I know that treatment
and aid are provided and paid for. I personally know a wounded soldier like that. They are
6
treated in hospitals. They receive medals and rewards. If soldiers get killed, families
receive compensations. In other words, things are happening the same way as if it were
a military operation in Dagestan or Chechnya, for example.
Position of the Russian Ministry of Defense
The Russian Ministry of Defense has repeatedly commented on statements by
representatives of the USA and Ukraine about the possible involvement of the
Russian military in the conflict in Ukraine’s southeast.
“We are no longer amazed to hear even the most incredible accusations coming over the
past two weeks from representative of the US Department of State and Pentagon
regarding the involvement of Russian army units in the civil war in Ukraine. Viktor
Muzhenko, chief of the Ukrainian General Staff, does not see them there. The OSCE does
not see them. Western journalists working in the DNR and LNR do not see them.
Meanwhile, Washington sees them...”, Major General Igor Konashenkov, an official
representative of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Meanwhile, as he puts it, “Curiously enough, as soon as the situation in Ukraine’s
southeast begins to stabilize, the frequency and intensity of such accusations
against Russia increase drastically”.
“Neither Generals Philip Bridlaw or Ben Hodges, nor Assistant Secretary of State Victoria
Noland have been able to explain how or where they allegedly saw Russian military units
in Ukraine. Yet they obstinately call on everybody not to doubt anything, just like in that
song, ‘Guys, simply believe in miracles’,” the general joked.
On March 11, Russian Deputy Minister of Defense Nikolay Pankov announced that
military exercises in the field are in no way related to the armed conflict in Ukrainian
territory, where no Russian military had been or will be sent. At the request of members of
the Presidential Council on the Development of Civil Society and Human Rights, the
Ministry of Defense verified information to the effect that on January 25, 2015 some 50
servicemen of Military Unit 10544 form Murmansk Oblast, who serve under contract, had
been sent to Rostov Oblast and may cross into Ukraine to carry out combat orders.
Russian Deputy Minister of Defense Nikolay Pankov said that this information has not
been confirmed.
BBC contacted the Russian Ministry of Defense with a request to comment on
statements made by Dmitry Sapozhnikov. As soon as we receive their
response, it will be published.
Annex 570
Corey Flintoff, Bomb Attacks Increase In Ukraine's Second-Largest City, Kharkiv, NPR (6 April
2015)
Annex 571
Simon Shuster, Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign in Ukraine,
TIME (10 April 2015)
Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
http://time.com/3768762/pro-russian-partisans-ukraine/ 1/7
Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing
Campaign in Ukraine
By SIMON SHUSTER/KHARKOV April 10, 2015
Soon after midnight on April 1, a separatist group calling itself the Kharkov
Partisans issued another one of its video warnings to the Ukrainian
government. It claimed that within the next 48 hours a bomb would explode far
behind the front lines of the war in eastern Ukraine. “As of now, the earth will
begin to burn beneath your feet,” said the group’s spokesman, Filipp Ekozyants,
in the message to Ukraine’s President Petro Poroshenko and his top security
ofcials.
Ukrainian police and forensic experts examine the wreckage of a mini-bus after explosion, in Kharkov, March 6, 2015. Sergei Kozlov
—EPA
6/1/2018 Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
http://time.com/3768762/pro-russian-partisans-ukraine/ 2/7
Sure enough, the bomb arrived. Though reports have been conicting as to the
damage it caused, a large explosion rang out in the southwestern part of
Kharkov, Ukraine’s second largest city, within 24 hours of the Partisans’ threat.
Police denied that any bombing had occurred that night, though that seems to
be part of a cover up. “The explosion did take place,” says Andriy Sanin, the
head of the local branch of Right Sector, a nationalist paramilitary group that
works in league with Ukraine’s armed forces. “It appears to have been an act of
intimidation,” he says, declining to give further details. In a follow-up video on
April 3, the Partisans claimed that the attack had targeted a military convoy,
killing a dozen Ukrainian servicemen.
But whatever the details of that bombing, it would hardly have been the rst
attack attributed to this guerrilla group. In interviews with TIME over the past
two months, the group’s spokesman, a former wedding singer now based in
western Russia, has claimed responsibility for a spate of bombings, mostly
targeting military and industrial installations in the region of Kharkov, which
lies right on the border with Russia. “Our goal is to liberate the people of
Kharkov,” Ekozyants says in the rst of several interviews. “And we will ght
until the current authorities are weak enough to allow this.”
Numbering more than a dozen in the past few months alone, the bombings in
Kharkov and other cities have marked a grim turn in Ukraine’s year-old conict.
The Russian-backed separatists in Ukraine’s eastern regions have managed to
seize control of two major cities and large chunks of the border with Russia.
But they are clearly not satised with the extent of their possessions. Even
amid the ceasere that Russian President Vladimir Putin negotiated and signed
with President Poroshenko in February, the bombing of Ukraine’s cities has
only intensied. The war now seems to be shifting from the use of tanks and
artillery to the methods of terrorism and guerrilla warfare.
Beneath the Front Lines of the War in Eastern
Ukraine
6/1/2018 Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
http://time.com/3768762/pro-russian-partisans-ukraine/ 3/7
The goal of these attacks, says Ekozyants, is to paralyze the Ukrainian
authorities and inspire locals to join a separatist revolt against them. But there
seems to be some debate within his organization about the admissible means of
achieving this. About two hours before Ekozyants issued his warning on April
1, he told TIME that the November bombing of a crowded bar in Kharkov was
the work of a radical cell of the Partisans. Eight people were wounded in that
bombing, two of them critically.
From their bases in Russia and the rebel-held cities in eastern Ukraine, the
more moderate leaders of the Partisans then issued a ban on attacking
civilians, in part to avoid a popular backlash against their methods, says
1 of 25
Miners at the Chelyuskintsev coal mine ride in an elevator toward ground level. Petrovskyi
district, Donetsk, Ukraine. Nov. 24, 2014. Jerome Sessini—Magnum Photos
6/1/2018 Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
http://time.com/3768762/pro-russian-partisans-ukraine/ 4/7
Ekozyants. “After what happened at [the bar], our coordinating council issued a
directive to all our cells, saying any more actions in places where there are
peaceful people will be punished by lethal means.”
But the lethality of the bombings in Kharkov have still continued to increase.
The deadliest conrmed attack struck on a religious holiday, Forgiveness
Sunday, Feb. 22, the day in Eastern Orthodox tradition when believers are
meant to repent for their sins. It was also the day when many in Ukraine
marked the one-year anniversary of their country’s revolution, which brought a
pro-Western government to power last winter. Sanin, the local paramilitary
leader, was leading a march of commemoration that afternoon through
Kharkov, and as his column set out through the city, an anti-personnel mine
exploded at the side of the road, sending a shockwave full of shrapnel into the
crowd. Four people were fatally wounded, including two teenage boys, and nine
others were hospitalized.
“In the rst seconds there was panic,” Sanin recalls. “Everyone was screaming,
running, and there was a real risk that the victims would get trampled where
they lay.” Sanin appears to have been one of targets of the attack, but he
escaped with minor injuries.
A few days later, Ukraine’s state security service, the SBU, released what it
claimed to be a video of the bomber’s confession. Because his face in the
footage is blurred and his name has not been released, it has been impossible
to verify the authenticity of the SBU’s claims, which have not always been
reliable. In a monotonous patter, the alleged confessor claims that an agent of
the Russian security services paid him $10,000 to carry out the bombing on
Forgiveness Sunday.
For his part, Ekozyants denies that the Kharkov Partisans had anything to do
with that attack. But some of his allies in the rebel movement still believe the
bombing was justied. “There were no accidental victims there at that march,”
says Konstantin Dolgov, a leading pro-Russian separatist in Ukraine. “They
were all the same people who were fueling a big civil war in Ukraine. They were
calling for the death of Russians, of Russian-speakers,” says Dolgov, who
6/1/2018 Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
http://time.com/3768762/pro-russian-partisans-ukraine/ 5/7
denies any involvement in that bombing. After a pause, he adds: “There’s a
good Russian saying: You sow the wind, you reap the storm. And the storm
caught up with them during that march.”
Having started his career a decade ago as an adviser to a pro-Russian governor
of Kharkov, Dolgov has emerged as a one of the main links between Moscow
and the separatists in eastern Ukraine. He now splits his time between the
Russian capital and the rebel stronghold of Donetsk, and he is living proof that
the separatists’ ambitions in Ukraine go far beyond the territories they
currently control. Russia seems to support his message. On Kremlin-owned
television channels, he is a xture on political talk shows, frequently cast as
the benevolent face of Ukrainian separatism.
One afternoon in March, he agreed to meet me at a restaurant in Moscow
across the street from the ofces of the Russian Presidential Administration,
where he sat in a pressed suit with a little separatist ag pinned to his lapel.
Despite the resistance of Ukrainian authorities, he claims it is only a matter of
time before Kharkov falls to the separatists. “But the liberation is only possible
from the outside at this point,” he says. All the local separatists in Kharkov
have been jailed or forced to ee the city. So there are now “at least 1,500 men”
from Kharkov ghting in various rebel factions in other parts of eastern
Ukraine, he says. “They all hope to return home and take revenge for their
murdered comrades.”
Ekozyants, who calls Dolgov a close associate, takes a somewhat different view.
Through the bombing campaigns of the Partisans, he believes the Ukrainian
authorities can be weakened from within, allowing the local separatists to
organize an uprising in the city. “All we want is to create a government of
Kharkov that will listen to the people,” he says. The ultimate aim is for the city
to hold a referendum on secession from Ukraine, much as the region of Crimea
did last spring before it was annexed into Russia. “If a majority of people in
Kharkov vote to join up with Burkina Faso, then we will join Burkina Faso,”
Ekozyants says. “But let the people decide.”
6/1/2018 Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
http://time.com/3768762/pro-russian-partisans-ukraine/ 6/7
His success as a mouthpiece for separatism in Kharkov derives in part from his
earlier fame. Long before the war in Ukraine broke out last spring, Ekozyants
was well known in the city as a composer and singer of maudlin ballads, which
he would often perform at local weddings and banquets. (“Eternal love, we live
to blindly love,” went one of the refrains in his music video from 2009.) The
showmanship has since become a hallmark of his propaganda, which is laced
with moody, anti-Semitic diatribes against the “shameless yids” seizing power
in Ukraine with help from the West.
In late February, when TIME rst contacted him for an interview, he replied by
sending back a theatrical nine-minute video – “an address to the American
people” – warning of an apocalyptic war that would turn U.S. cities into “giant
ruins” if Washington does not withdraw its support for the Ukrainian
government. When pressed to comment beyond such bravado, he invited a
reporter to visit him in the western Russian city of Ryazan, but backed out at
the last minute and only agreed to talk via Skype.
In subsequent interviews, he says most of the nancial support for the Kharkov
Partisans comes from sympathetic businessmen living in Russia, who transfer
funds into his bank account. Asked whether the Partisans receive support from
the Russian military or security services, he says some Russian state support
does come through the rebel leadership in Donetsk. “We don’t just cooperate,”
Ekozyants says of that separatist stronghold. “We are one network. We are the
same.”
And Russia clearly tolerates their activities on its territory. The bank account
Ekozyants uses to gather donations is at a branch of state-controlled Sberbank,
Russia’s biggest lender, in the western Russian city of Rostov. In his spare time,
Ekozyants says he still earns extra money singing at banquets in Russia, and he
also seems to have access to a television studio in one of the Russian cities
where he operates.
In late March, he posted a video of himself in a studio interviewing Igor Girkin,
a former agent of the Russian security services who led the separatist militias
in their conquest of Ukrainian territory last year. The two of them muse for an
6/1/2018 Ukraine: Meet the Pro-Russian 'Partisans' Waging a Bombing Campaign | Time
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hour about the future of the “Russian world,” which they see extending across
much of Ukraine. The Russian government, Girkin says, has been too indecisive
in pursuing its imperial destiny in these borderlands. “But I always felt that
God realizes his will through individuals,” he says. Even when those individuals
are prepared to set off bombs in peaceful cities.
Go Inside the Frozen Trenches of Eastern Ukraine
1 of 21
Troops belonging to the Ukrainian Army and the Aidar battalion, a volunteer ghting unit, rest in
the town of Shastya, Ukraine. Shastya means "happiness." Once a picturesque town of 13,000 in
Luhansk Oblast, Shastya has become the frontline between Ukrainian forces and the forces of the
breakaway Luhansk People's Republic. Ross McDonnell
Annex 572
Zoya Lukyanova, Translator for the DPR: “This is a Performance for the Whole World,” LB.ua
(21 April 2015)
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
Annex 573
David Stern, Lethal Divisions Persist in Ukraine’s Odessa, BBC News (2 May 2015)
6/1/2018 Lethal divisions persist in Ukraine's Odessa - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32562101 1/16
AD
2 May 2015
Ukraine crisis
Lethal divisions persist in Ukraine's Odessa
By David Stern
BBC News, Odessa
It is a year since the southern Ukrainian port of Odessa was convulsed by violent
clashes between pro and anti-government protestors, killing 48.
More than 40 of those who died were pro-Russian activists who perished in a fire in a trade
union building. Investigations into what caused the blaze are still ongoing.
David Stern meets members of the Odessa Self-Defence Volunteers
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The tragedy created deep rifts between the pro and anti-government camps in the city, and
helped fuel outrage elsewhere in Ukraine, especially in the country's east, where a separatist
conflict was just beginning.
Recently, a series of bomb blasts has added to the instability. Although these have caused no
injuries, the uncertainty of when and where the next one might go off has heightened anxiety.
Earlier this week, police roped off a side street in central Odessa, when an unidentified bag
was discovered - only to find out it contained old clothes.
Many of the explosions struck pro-government organisations, but no-one has said they carried
out the attacks. Ukrainian officials blame pro-Russian "saboteurs," however, and have made
a number of arrests.
Strategic city
Fears have been increasing that a bigger incident could be in the works, as the city prepared
for a number of public events - starting with the May Day holidays, then the anniversary of the
trade union building fire and ending with ceremonies marking the end of World War Two.
Officials have significantly beefed up security: the city is full of additional law enforcement
personnel and armoured vehicles. On the city limits, numerous checkpoints have been set up,
where interior ministry forces in full battle gear inspect vehicles heading into town.
Pro-Kiev "self-defence" volunteer organisations have also stepped up their activities, going
out on patrols by foot or car, and looking for anything or anybody "suspicious".
They say this could be as simple as a group of three young men, wearing track suits, with
concealed faces.
The volunteers say that they have no doubt that pro-Russian elements are behind the
bombings, in order to facilitate a takeover of the city by separatist or even Russian forces.
REUTERS
6/1/2018 Lethal divisions persist in Ukraine's Odessa - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-32562101 3/16
"Odessa is a strategic city for the Russian occupiers," said Vitaly Kozhukhar, deputy
commander of one of the "self-defence" groups.
"The bombings are an attempt to destabilise the situation in the city," he adds. "An attempt to
intimidate the civilian population. An attempt to show that there are people here who want
Russia to come."
But some observers claim that the security crackdown has been bluntly applied, which only
deepens the political rifts in the city. Odessa is a Black Sea port with a devil-may-care
attitude, and the hope is widespread that the city will be able to recover from the recent
violence, and overcome its divisions.
But some warn of what could happen if the divide persists.
"The best case scenario — when it will be a conflict between radicals and normal people from
both sides, it will be a very big step towards peace," said Yuri Tkachev, the chief editor of the
opposition news website Timer.
"The worst case scenario, is that we have a police state in Ukraine, and another worst case
scenario is that we have civil war here in Odessa."
Related Topics
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Annex 574
Maria Tsvetkova, Special Report: Russian Soldiers Quit Over Ukraine, Reuters (10 May 2015)
Annex 575
Michael Usher Travels to Ukraine to Track the Missile that Shot Down MH17, 60 Minutes
Australia (17 May 2015)
6/6/2018 Michael Usher travels to Ukraine to track the missile that shot down MH17
https://www.9news.com.au/world/2015/05/17/05/37/60-minutes-digs-into-mystery-surrounding-destruction-of-mh17 1/7
News / World
Michael Usher travels to Ukraine to track the missile that shot
down MH17
By 60 Minutes 10:30pm May 17, 2015
Nine months after the investigation into the destruction of MH17 started, there have been
no answers and no justice for the victims - but an investigation by 60 Minutes has shed
more light on one of the cruellest acts of mass murder in recent memory.
Reporter Michael Usher travelled to Ukraine and visited the site where the plane crashed
into the earth, killing all 298 people on board including 38 Australians.
He said the culprits "left enough footprints" to follow.
Usher and the 60 Minutes crew worked on tracking the missile launcher believed to have
shot the passenger plane out of the sky on July 17 last year, following it to all the locations it
had been publicly seen since that day.
"It's been nine months but there are no answers and, seemingly, no justice," Usher said.
Usher and his team moved from regions controlled by Ukraine's government across nomans-
land and to the so-called Donetsk People's Republic, where Russian-backed rebel
separatists are in command.
He said the team had a great deal of difficulty crossing into rebel territory, where they were
suspected of being spies.
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6/6/2018 Michael Usher travels to Ukraine to track the missile that shot down MH17
https://www.9news.com.au/world/2015/05/17/05/37/60-minutes-digs-into-mystery-surrounding-destruction-of-mh17 2/7
St Marks College chairman Richard Burchnall standing down following hazing scandal
'Sex tour', alcohol abuse, assault claims rock prestigious college
'The college was like an abusive family, and I had Stockholm syndrome'
"They don't want any attention at all," he said.
The rebels are the prime suspects for the destruction of the plane, however, the rebels in
turn claim the plane could have been shot down by Ukrainian forces in a "false flag" plot.
"Politically, this is one of the most sensitive investigations in history," Usher said.
"There are too many conspiracy theories and wild propaganda coming out of the Kremlin."
Watch the 60 Minutes investigation in the videos above.
Michael User in Ukraine. (60 Minutes)
6/6/2018 Michael Usher travels to Ukraine to track the missile that shot down MH17
https://www.9news.com.au/world/2015/05/17/05/37/60-minutes-digs-into-mystery-surrounding-destruction-of-mh17 3/7
60 Minutes Crime World MH17 National
38 Australians were among the 298 killed. (AAP)
Michael Usher and his crew traveled to the Ukraine to track the culprits. (60 Minutes)
© Nine Digital Pty Ltd 2018
Annex 576
Maria Tsvetkova, Special Report: Russian fighters, caught in Ukraine, cast adrift by Moscow,
Reuters (29 May 2015)
Annex 577
Jo Becker & Steven Lee Myers, Russian Groups Crowdfund the Wars in Ukraine, N.Y. Times (11
June 2015)
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund theWar in Ukraine - The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/12/world/europe/russian-groups-crowdfund-the-war-in-ukraine.html?_r=0 1/7
http://nyti.ms/1HuyeTe
EUROPE
Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in
Ukraine
By JO BECKER and STEVEN LEE MYERS JUNE 11, 2015
WASHINGTON — The Novorossiya Humanitarian Battalion boasts on its website
that it provided funds to buy a pair of binoculars used by rebels in eastern Ukraine to
spot and destroy an armored vehicle. Another group, Save the Donbass, solicits
donations using a photograph of a mortar shell inscribed with its web address and
the names of donors. Yet another, Veche, states that its mission is to “create modern,
combat-ready” military units fighting Ukraine’s central government.
These organizations are part of an online campaign that is brazenly raising
money for the war in eastern Ukraine, using common tactics that have at least tacit
support from the government of President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia. Although
they often portray their mission as humanitarian, most of the groups explicitly
endorse the armed insurgency and vow to help equip forces in the two regions at the
center of the fighting, Donetsk and Luhansk.
An examination by The New York Times of the groups’ websites, social media
postings and other records found more than a dozen groups in Russia that are
raising money for the separatists, aiding a conflict that has killed more than 6,400
people and plunged Russia’s relations with the West to depths not seen since the
Cold War.
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in Ukraine - The New York Times
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The groups have relied on social media — including YouTube and the Russian
version of Facebook — to direct donations through state-owned banks in Russia and
through a private system of payment terminals owned by a company called QIWI
that is affiliated with Visa and traded on the Nasdaq. While most of the donations
appear to come from Russia, the organizations have also solicited funds from abroad
using large American and European financial institutions, including banks and
companies like Western Union and PayPal, even though many of the groups are
targets of international sanctions.
The fund-raising could pose legal risks for those companies, which are prohibited
from doing business with blacklisted people or groups. In fact, the sanctions have
helped give rise to a cat-and-mouse game in which the fund-raising groups morph
with the shifting circumstances, changing names and redirecting donations to new
accounts to keep the money flowing.
With the European Union expected to renew its sanctions later this month, Mr.
Putin has continued to insist that the fighters in eastern Ukraine are part of a
homegrown opposition movement, even though a preponderance of evidence shows
that Russia has provided manpower and weapons. In late May, for instance, two
Russian soldiers were captured on the battlefield and charged with terrorism.
Mr. Putin participated in the negotiations that produced a tenuous cease-fire in
February, and he has called on both sides to reach a lasting political settlement, most
recently during his meetings with Italian officials and Pope Francis in Rome.
Officials in Ukraine and elsewhere, however, say that he has continued to stoke the
conflict in order to keep his neighbor weak and unstable.
In recent days, new signs of a buildup of Russian troops and equipment at the
border, as well as fighting that killed at least 19 people on the outskirts of Donetsk,
have raised fears that the simmering conflict will erupt again.
A Common Cause
It is unclear just how extensive the fund-raising network is, or how much money
flows through it, though the separatist groups identified by The Times claim in social
media posts to have raised millions of dollars.
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in Ukraine - The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/12/world/europe/russian-groups-crowdfund-the-war-in-ukraine.html?_r=0 3/7
The network features a disparate yet overlapping cast of characters that includes
a mustachioed former Russian military intelligence officer credited with starting the
uprising, Igor Girkin, who uses the nom de guerre Igor Strelkov; the dissident writer
and Putin critic Eduard Limonov, whose neo-nationalist followers have championed
the territorial expansion in ethnically Russian regions with far more vigor than Mr.
Putin’s Kremlin; and a former “foreign minister” of the Donetsk People’s Republic,
Yekaterina Gubareva, and her husband, Pavel, an ethnic Russian from Ukraine and
one of the most prominent separatist leaders there.
All share a common cause: establishment of a region loyal to Russia that is
sometimes called the Donbass or Novorossiya. They make similar appeals to ethnic
and political solidarity with the fighters opposing the central government in Kiev,
and they share methods for raising money for illicit activities that the Internet has
made vastly more efficient, according to experts and officials monitoring financial
flows of criminal and terrorist groups.
“Violent groups operating in war zones and their supporters abroad are
exploiting advancements in communications and financial services technologies to
more efficiently increase popular support and raise funds for their cause,” said
Howard Mendelsohn, a former deputy assistant Treasury secretary and now the
managing director of Camstoll Group, an advisory firm in Washington.
According to their own online appeals, the organizations have directed that
donations be made via state-owned or state-controlled banks in Russia, including
the country’s largest, Sberbank, or credit cards issued by those banks, some branded
with MasterCard and Visa logos. Mr. Putin’s government, which strictly regulates
nongovernmental organizations to monitor opposition political activity, has done
little to stop the fund-raising.
The head of Russia’s Federal Service for Financial Monitoring, Yuri A.
Chikhanchin, for instance, recently told Mr. Putin that his agency had frozen 3,500
bank accounts suspected of supporting terrorist organizations. The fighters in
eastern Ukraine, however, are not among the groups Russia has designated as
unlawful.
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in Ukraine - The New York Times
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“Anyone in Russia who wants to provide assistance to the D.P.R. and the L.P.R.
is encouraged by and gets support from the Russian government,” said John E.
Herbst, a former American ambassador to Ukraine now at the Atlantic Council in
Washington, using the abbreviations for the self-proclaimed People’s Republics of
Donetsk and Luhansk.
Following the Money
One of the fund-raising groups, Save the Donbass, claimed in May to have
raised the equivalent of $1.3 million in donations through Sberbank and other
payment systems, including QIWI.
The fund run by Ms. Gubareva and her husband, the Humanitarian Battalion of
Novorossiya, claims to have raised $213,000 since its founding in May 2014, shortly
after the fighting began.
Its website allows donors to direct their contributions to specific militia units,
including a mortar battery named after the Russian version of Pinocchio, a puppet
called Buratino, and boasts that it has provided not only the binoculars used in the
destruction of the armored vehicle, but also tactical military gloves, laser range
finders, radios and a car used by the battery’s spotters.
At least five of the organizations solicit donations through PayPal, the online
payment company based in California that is now owned by eBay. PayPal has in the
past faced legal trouble for processing payments to entities in Iran, Sudan and Cuba,
recently paying nearly $7.7 million in penalties in a settlement with the Treasury
Department.
When asked about the Ukrainian-related accounts — identified by email
addresses in Russia — a PayPal spokeswoman, Sarah Frueh, said none of the
accounts were valid. She declined to respond to additional questions seeking
clarification. Many of the organizations openly advertise ways to donate using
American and European banks. On the Humanitarian Battalion website, for
instance, Ms. Gubareva explains how to wire dollars or euros into her account at
Sberbank using correspondent accounts at Citibank, JPMorgan Chase and Deutsche
Bank in New York, among others. So did the separatist group Veche.
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in Ukraine - The New York Times
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It remains unclear how much money is flowing into eastern Ukraine from
abroad. Only one of the international banks said it had detected illicit donations,
blocking a contribution to Ms. Gubareva’s organization, according to a bank official
who spoke on the condition that the bank not be identified. Another donation of
$200 did pass to Veche, which is not on any blacklist but proclaims links to
organizations that are — including Mr. Strelkov’s Novorossiya Movement and the
Ghost Battalion, led by Aleksei Mozgovy until he died in an ambush last month.
But the widespread use of QIWI has created potential risks for its partner, Visa.
Nearly all the fund-raising groups solicit donations through QIWI, a virtual payment
company founded in 2004 and later incorporated, like many Russian companies, in
Cyprus. QIWI provides consumers in Russia — and increasingly other countries —
with a variety of ways to make payments online or through a network of tens of
thousands of terminals that act like reverse A.T.M.s, allowing users to deposit cash
and then pay participating vendors.
Users can also move money to individuals — or charitable organizations — as
long as they have accounts linked to working telephone numbers. Its partnership
with Visa, begun in 2012, allows customers to use a QIWI-Visa credit card to pay
vendors outside QIWI’s network.
The system has become wildly popular, used by 17 million Russians, but it has
also skirted legal trouble. The company’s terminals and credit cards — along with the
failure to require identification for transactions, as demanded by Russian law since
last year — can be easily exploited to transfer proceeds from illicit activities, from
drug dealing to tax evasion.
In a recent filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, required
because its stock is traded on the Nasdaq, QIWI said its system “remains susceptible
to potentially illegal or improper uses” such as money laundering by organized crime
groups and other illicit actors, including those named in sanctions by the West for
their activities in Ukraine.
In February, the company filed an amendment, saying that law enforcement
officials had carried out an investigation at its Moscow offices involving “a small
number of clients,” though it did not elaborate.
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in Ukraine - The New York Times
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Officials with Visa said they did not believe their company had processed any
donations to the organizations examined. QIWI’s chief executive, Sergei Solonin,
said in a telephone interview that QIWI blocked some of the accounts identified by
The Times last summer because they were engaged in fund-raising activity
prohibited by company policy. The company, for instance, blocks the use of its
system for political fund-raising.
Mr. Solonin said other accounts were blocked after The Times brought them to
QIWI’s attention. One group, Tricolor, posted photographs of donations made on
QIWI accounts as late as October 2014, but Mr. Solonin would not say whether that
was one of the accounts closed later, citing Russia’s financial confidentiality laws.
After that interview, a number of groups noted on their websites that their QIWI
accounts had been blocked, and removed them as payment options.
But underscoring just how tricky it can be to curtail the groups’ fund-raising
activities, a number redirected money to new accounts. On April 20, a group called
Batman noted on its social media page that all but its Sberbank account had been
blocked. But by May 18, it had updated the page to include a new QIWI account
number and a plea: “Donbass needs your help!”
The Western sanctions lists, for their part, have not kept up with the groups’
ever-changing names. Mr. Strelkov’s Novorossiya Movement, for instance, stopped
soliciting funds after the European Union placed sanctions on it in February.
Instead, it asked that the funds be sent to a related group, not blacklisted, called
Global Initiatives, run by the movement’s chief of staff with Mr. Strelkov as
chairman.
In early May, it morphed yet again, redirecting funds to yet another related
group, ANO KNB. Later in the month, a group identified by the Novorossiya
Movement as its partner, Strelkov Info, wrote that because of constant blocking of its
accounts, “we’ve decided to not post them in places open to all”; donors could send
an email “to find out transfer details.”
Meanwhile, new fund-raising appeals keep popping up. A group calling itself
Dobrovolec.org was soliciting funds online as of May 26, with QIWI and Sberbank
accounts among the payment options. The group, which claims to be conducting at
1/5/2017 Russian Groups Crowdfund the War in Ukraine - The New York Times
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least two campaigns involving volunteer snipers and “tankmen,” called on fighters
familiar with such deadly weaponry as surface-to-air missiles, flamethrowers and
anti-tank guided missiles to join its effort to “participate in military conflict in the
west of former Ukraine on Novorossiya side.”
Andrew Roth contributed reporting from Moscow.
A version of this article appears in print on June 12, 2015, on Page A1 of the New York edition with the
headline: Russian Groups Turn to Web to Crowdfund the War in Ukraine.
© 2017 The New York Times Company
Annex 578
Tomasz Piechal, The War Republics In The Donbas One Year After The Outbreak Of The
Conflict, Orodek Studiów Wschodnich (17 June 2015)
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OSW COMMENTARY | 2015-06-17 | Tomasz Piechal
The War republics in the Donbas one year after the outbreak of the conflict
More than one year since the first pro-Russian moves in the Donbas,
separatists have taken control of parts of the Donbas and Luhansk oblasts
but are still unable to form truly functioning administrative structures.
The exercise of power by the central administration of the so-called
‘Donetsk People’s Republic’ (DPR) and ‘Luhansk People’s Republic’ (LPR) is
restricted to resolving problems as they arise, while administration proper
is the prerogative of the local authorities reporting to them which had
been performing this function before the conflict broke out. The way the
situation is developing and the fact that access to information is restricted
make it difficult to determine the structure of the separatist government
in more detail, precisely how it is organised, and what the internal
hierarchy is like. The overriding goal of the governments of the DPR and
the LPR is to maintain and develop their military potential. In effect, the
lives of the so-called republics are subordinate to military goals.
The Donbas separatism is a conglomerate of different groups of interests,
with Russia at the fulcrum. Its representatives set the main tactical and
strategic goals and thus have a decisive influence on the development of
the situation in the region. Individual separatist groupings come into
conflict, and some oligarchs linked to the former Party of Regions circles
have also been making attempts to maintain their influence. The struggle
between individual groups of interest is intensifying as the situation on
the war front becomes calmer. Since the situation has temporarily
stabilised after the seizure of Debaltseve, the central governments of the
DPR and the LPR have made attempts to expand their influence,
combating armed criminals who are outside their control and that of
Russia.
The civilian population is taking the brunt of the devastation caused by
the war and the increasing militarisation of the region. Despite the fact
that the intensity of the fighting on the war front is falling, worsening
humanitarian problems are causing refugees to continue their flight from
the territories controlled by the separatists. 2 million people have fled the
conflict zone since the beginning of the war: 1.3 million of them have
found shelter in other regions of Ukraine, and more than 700,000 have
left for Russia. The region has also sustained great economic losses –
most mines have been either destroyed or closed, many industrial plants
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have restricted or completely discontinued their production, and many
firms have been taken over by force. In effect, the region has seen an
economic downturn.
The emergence of the so-called republics
When the Revolution of Dignity prevailed and President Viktor Yanukovych
was ousted in March and April 2014, Russia started stoking separatist
sentiments in the south-eastern regions of Ukraine, and thus began to
implement its plan to set up the so-called Novorossiya. In the case of the
Donbas, both Moscow and local oligarchs viewed the protests in their
initial phase as being beneficial (in Donetsk Oblast those who wanted to
benefit most were Rinat Akhmetov and politicians linked to Viktor
Yanukovych’s oligarchic clan, ‘The Family’, and in Luhansk Oblast the key
player was Oleksandr Yefremov). Russia viewed the pro-Russian
demonstrations as a factor which destabilised the situation in Ukraine,
while for the oligarchs they were one of the elements of negotiations with
the new government. A section of the region’s political elite wanted thus
to put pressure on the central government through a controlled outburst
of public dissatisfaction in order to retain their zones of influence and
main sources of income. However, the situation was deteriorating on a
regular basis and finally the local oligarchs (as a consequence of Russia’s
political decision) lost control of the way events played out. In effect, selfproclaimed
republics were set up (the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic
and Luhansk People’s Republic) and they have taken regular action over
the past few months to legitimise their existence. The first stage was
marked by an illegal and fraudulent referendum being held on 11 May
2014[1], and this was followed by a central government election being
held on 2 November. Neither vote met any democratic standards.
Two weeks after the referendum, on 25 May 2014, it was announced that
the Union of People’s Republics, Novorossiya, was set up, and was led by
a former deputy from the Party of regions, Oleh Tsaryov. In theory, the
union was intended to merge the two ‘people’s republics’ into one, but
they have thus far functioned independently from one another, and the
union itself exists only on paper. This situation and the fact that two
separate political entities have been set up instead of one result from the
fact that the separatist movement in the Donbas has been fragmented
from the very beginning. Various groups of interest have made efforts to
capitalise on the instability, vying for influence and access to the income
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generated by the region’s economy. Furthermore, rivalry dating back to
the Soviet times still continues between Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts.
Separate business groups were formed in the two oblasts in the 1990s.
Donetsk was economically stronger and has always tried to take full
control over the entire region. When separatism broke out in the Donbas,
these factors played the key role in the failure of the Novorossiya project
as a union of people’s republics.
Government structure in the Donbas
According to unofficial data, around seventeen separatist battalions
operate in the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic alone[2]. They control
either a given territory or a given economic sector. They make money
from businesses they have taken over (for example, petrol stations or
illegal mines) or from contraband – the sale of stolen cars, factory
machines, etc. Occasionally the zones of influence of individual groupings
overlap, and this brings them into conflict. In effect, the situation in the
two regions is unstable not only due to military activity but also to
infighting between various forces engaged in the Donbas separatism.
Both the ‘central governments’ of the DPR and LPR, and individual
volunteer battalions are fighting for their own zones of influence. A part of
these battalions is dependent on local interest groups and some of them
consist of foreign militants (mainly Russians and Chechens, although
small groups of Serbs and citizens of other countries are also present
there), and Cossack groups.
Infighting intensified when Debaltseve was seized and the active military
operation phase ended. The central governments of the so-called
republics made efforts to strengthen their influence in the region – their
main opponents are Cossack groups who have shown no intention since
the beginning of the conflict to make themselves subordinate to the
governments of the DPR and the LPR. The governments want their
respective republics to become more centralised. They would thus turn
into a political organism which is easier to manage, and this will be an
important argument in talks aimed at obtaining a greater degree of
independence from Kyiv.
In administrational terms, the governments of the two ‘republics’ are
trying to administer the territories which they nominally control. However,
this primarily boils down to resolving current issues, such as the
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distribution of humanitarian aid from Russia. The main goals of the
central governments include maintaining a high degree of militarisation in
the region and bringing all armed formations operating in the ‘republics’
under their control. In effect, life in the occupied territories is
subordinated above all to satisfying the needs of soldiers who have to
constantly be prepared to continue the fight against Ukrainian troops.
Administration proper in the occupied territories is performed by those
authorities which performed these functions under the Ukrainian
government. Most staff in local governments and public servants are still
in their jobs, and the municipal services are fully operational. Many police
officers, public prosecutors and law enforcement officers have decided to
serve the governments of the DPR and the LPR. In some cities, working
for the separatists is one of the few opportunities to earn a living, be it in
military formations or in the state administration.
However, the detailed structure of the separatist governments remains
unclear. It is difficult to determine precisely how they are organised and
what their internal hierarchy is like. In the case of the DPR it is clear that
the separatists have been able to develop certain basic principles of cooperation
between individual centres of power. Some of the groupings
operating in the remaining part of the ‘republic’ in exchange for paying
money (as part of taxes imposed by the separatists) to the Central
Republican Bank of the DPR[3] received consent from the central
government for further operation in the areas they control. One of the
main functions of the DPR is to ensure profits to various militant groups
operating within its territory who represent either their own interests or
the interests of their principals (oligarchs). The consistent cooperation of
most of these groups with the ‘republican’ government as well as between
individual groups is possible partly because their limits of competences
and profit areas have been clearly set, and this means a distribution of
sources of income which is satisfactory to all of them.
Though the DPR has achieved a relative setting of the hierarchy between
its central government and the battalions fighting there, this remains a
problem in the LPR. Various forces are engaged in an intense struggle
there. The main divide inside the LPR is between Ihor Plotnitsky (the
formal leader) and various Cossack groups who control territories
bordering on Donetsk Oblast[4]. The Cossacks have accused Plotnitsky of
reaping financial benefits for example from trade in humanitarian aid from
Russia, and of having connections with Oleksandr Yefremov, who for
many years was the leader of the local apparatus of the Party of Regions.
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Proofs for this thesis include both his past and the composition of his
‘government’. At present, most of the LPR’s government is formed by staff
from the former local state administration, which to a great extent was
formed by Yefremov. It should be noted that as Yefremov’s position
became weaker[5], part of the people linked to him decided to completely
subordinate themselves to the separatists who are controlled by Russia.
Ideological and financial issues are the main reasons behind the conflict
between the central government of the LPR and the Cossacks – the
Cossacks do not want to subordinate themselves to Plotnitsky because
they would thus risk a reduction of their profits from the controlled
territories. In effect, clashes between the groups controlled by Plotnitsky
and the armed groups who are beyond his control are seen there on a
regular basis. Some of their leaders have been executed[6]. The
government itself is unable to control the territory of the ‘republic’ since it
does not have sufficient forces to fight all the Cossacks.
The Russian factor in the Donbas
Russia’s activity was the key factor which triggered the conflict in the
region. It is precisely citizens of the Russian Federation[7] who in the
initial phase of the operation of the ‘people’s republics’ played the leading
roles in their government. It took some time until people from the
Donbas were put in top positions. The change was mainly an effect of the
tactic adopted by Russia – when separatism was fuelled and the first
successes were achieved, the decision was made to relinquish senior
positions to locals to add credibility to the vision of a ‘grassroots
movement’. Over time, the separatists forced a greater number of
representatives of the local administration to co-operate with them. One
effect of this was the ‘nationalisation of staff’ of the ‘people’s republics.’
At present, Russian citizens primarily play the role of last instance in
internal disputes between the separatists. They also decide on how
military operations will develop, setting the line of operation for individual
separatist troops. The number of Russian military units present in the
Donbas has fallen since the end of the active military stage. The main
military forces designated for fighting the Ukrainian army are stationed in
Russia close to the Ukrainian border. They will only be used at critical
moments or when it is necessary to achieve a certain military goal.
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Russian engagement in the conflict is the basic guarantor for the
continuation of separatism in the Donbas. If the DPR and the LPR had not
been supported by Russia, the two ‘republics’ would have had no chance
of functioning by themselves and presenting resistance to Ukrainian
troops. The key element which guarantees survival to the ‘republics’ is
the open border, a section around 400 km long. This section is used for
the regular transfer of funds, financial and military support, and
personnel.
The problems of the civilian population
According to the most recent data, around 2 million people have left the
occupied territories since the beginning of the conflict. Over 1.3 million of
them are domestic refugees, and more than 700,000 have fled to
Russia[8]. Given the fact that around 7 million people lived in the two
oblasts, this means that approximately 30% of their population has
decided to leave.
Local pensioners are in the most difficult situation in the territories not
affected directly by the fighting. They account for around 50% of the
people living in the occupied territories (around 1.2 million people, while
the total population of the two ‘people’s republics’ is approximately 2.5
million). A great part of them have been deprived of the possibility of
receiving regular social benefits from the Ukrainian state. The main
problem is posed by the requirement to re-register at the offices
operating in the territories controlled by the Ukrainian army and then to
go to indicated places behind the frontline to receive the benefit. This trip
was both costly and dangerous due to continued shelling. In effect, many
pensioners have been left destitute. The hunger protests seen at the end
of November 2014 in a few places (including Yenakiieve and Torez) were
incited above all by elderly people who had no money to buy food. At
present, according to the Ukrainian government’s estimates, already
900,000 out of 1.2 million pensioners living in the occupied territories
have been registered on the Ukrainian side, however they still need to
cross the front line in order to receive the benefits. The separatist
governments, despite numerous declarations made to pensioners, have
paid pensions irregularly and to a limited extent.
Regardless of the deteriorating humanitarian situation, no major
demonstrations of dissatisfaction with the governments’ actions have
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been seen in either ‘republic’ since the November protests. A small
demonstration (around 500 people) was held on 15 June in Donetsk. Its
participants chanted anti-war slogans, but even then part of the
demonstrators demanded above all that the front line be moved away
from Donetsk. Furthermore, tens of thousands people took part in the
celebrations of the ‘national’ holidays in May (Victory Day on 9 May and
the referendum anniversary on 11 May) held by the government of the
DPR. It is thus clear that since pro-Ukrainian residents of the region have
fled, the people living in the occupied territories either support the new
governments or have a neutral attitude towards them. The massive
propaganda employed by the separatists, who represent the Ukrainian
army as the main enemy of the Donbas, has reinforced the local
population’s dislike of Kyiv. This process is likely to intensify in the coming
months.
The economic disaster
Before the war, the Donbas was one of Ukraine’s most important regions
in economic terms. Over the past few years the Donetsk and Luhansk
oblasts generated 12% and 4% of Ukraine’s GDP, respectively. These two
oblasts also accounted for a significant part of Ukraine’s trade – they had
a 25% share in total Ukrainian exports and a 12% share in total Ukrainian
imports[9]. In 2013, goods worth US$15.9 billion were exported from this
region, while the region’s imports were worth US$9.4 billion. Heavy
industry, mainly metallurgy and the production of machines and
locomotives, and the fuel production sector (mainly the mining of various
kinds of coal) played a dominant role in the production structure.
The region has plunged into economic collapse since the outbreak of the
conflict. Many industrial plants have been closed and some have been
destroyed as a consequence of shelling. Others yet have been taken over
by the separatists. However, the real scale of damage sustained by the
industrial sector is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, it can be concluded
on the grounds of numerous reports from people who still live in the
occupied territories that small local factories in many places are still
operational and are selling their products in the region, in Ukraine or
exporting them to Russia. At the same time, work has stopped at many
large companies in the region, including the Alchevsk Metallurgical Plant
and the mining machinery factory in Donetsk. The situation in industry
depends on how far a given place is located from the front line, on the
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militant groups who control it, and on the owners of given plants. The
factories who sell a great part of their production to Russia are in the best
situation. They pay money to their employees, though not full salaries.
The industry’s operation also depends on the intensity of the fighting on
the military front – the increased frequency of shelling towards the end of
May resulted in a large coke plant in Avdiivka closing down; this is part of
Rinat Akhmetov’s assets. Most of his other industrial plants which are now
located in the ‘people’s republics’ continue their operation. Their
functioning and the related payment of wages to employees is the
guarantor of survival to thousands of residents of the occupied territories
(more than 70,000 people are still employed by Akhmetov’s plants in the
‘people’s republics’[10]), and this serves the interests of both the oligarch
and the separatists.
Mines located in the region are in a particularly difficult situation. Many of
them have been closed down. At present about half of the approximately
80 mines located in the occupied territories are still running. The
remaining ones ceased production (mainly due to destruction caused by
shelling). Those which are still functioning predominantly work to a
limited extent, and others have taken action to resume operation.
Meanwhile, production is being continued by illegal coal mines, known as
kopanki. Their output is sold in Russia and Ukraine.
The economic problems have contributed to rising unemployment levels
in the region, and this is compounding the social problems there.
According to a survey conducted in March by the Kyiv International
Institute of Sociology, only 50% of the residents in the ‘republics’ live on
their wages or pensions; the others receive support from their relatives
and take loans[11]. In effect, work for the separatist administration
(although problems with wages are also seen here) or joining their
military formations has become one of the essential ways to earn a living.
Trade and services operate to a limited extent in the occupied territories.
It should be noted that until recently most goods were supplied to the
territories controlled by the separatists from Ukraine, where prices are
much lower than in Russia. However, due to logistical and transport
problems, their prices in the ‘separatist republics’ are significantly higher
anyway. Even the most basic products are thus much more expensive
than in Ukraine. Furthermore, since crossing the front line has become
more problematic, supplies (of more expensive products and those of
lower quality) from Russia have increased.
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One of the main impediments to doing business in the occupied territories
is corporate raiding, i.e. taking over companies by force. Many functioning
businesses have been taken over by armed criminals or local
businessmen who decided to take others’ assets, taking advantage of the
existing chaos[12]. Some representatives of small and medium-sized
businesses operate depending on the intensity of the fighting – when
military activity is less intense, they open their businesses.
The separatist central governments try to profit from companies’ activity,
as well. Last September, the government of the ‘Donetsk People’s
Republic’ ordered that companies be registered at the DPR’s
administration and imposed a war tax and a sales tax (from 1% to 17%),
depending on the form of legal ownership. The corporate income tax rate
is 20%, and the personal income tax rate is 13%. Furthermore, a land tax
and excise duty have also been imposed – these levies have to be paid to
the Central Republican Bank of the DPR. The separatists have also taken
control of all marketplaces, introducing their commissioners who collect
charges, and have imposed taxes on taxi and bus drivers and the owners
of kopanki (around US$850 monthly).
Since the ‘separatist republics’ are outside the Ukrainian banking system,
cash shortages are being observed in the occupied territories. Until the
Ukrainian side introduced passes for crossing the front line[13], many
people would go to Ukrainian territories to withdraw cash from their bank
accounts. At present, taking this trip has become even more complicated.
Therefore, new services have become available: these are points where
money can be withdrawn from bank accounts held with Ukrainian banks.
The commission fee depends on the amount withdrawn, and can even
reach 15% or 20%. Currency exchange is also flourishing.
The separatist governments have responded to the problems with cash
shortages by creating a multi-currency zone in the ‘republics’. This means
that settlements can be made there in several currencies. In theory, it is
possible to pay with Ukrainian hryvnias, Russian rubles, US dollars, and
euros in the DPR and the LPR. However, only the two former currencies
are in common use. Their exchange rate has been fixed by the
governments, and is 1:2 (one hryvnia is the equivalent of two rubles).
However, there is a shortage of low denomination rubles, so the Ukrainian
hryvnia is still the most popular means of payment.
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Conclusions
The main goal of existence of the ‘Donbas people’s republics’ is the
constant destabilisation of the situation in Ukraine and to put pressure on
the government in Kyiv to amend the constitution to include the two
autonomous political entities controlled by Russia in the Ukrainian political
system. To achieve this goal, a high level of militarisation has been
maintained in the occupied territories – the separatist armed forces must
be ready to escalate the conflict at any time. In effect, the functioning of
the two ‘separatist republics’ has practically been totally subordinated to
armed formations operating there. Profits generated by the region’s
economy are distributed among the central governments, oligarchs and
individual troops which have subordinated themselves to the
governments of the DPR and the LPR. Groups which try to operate
independently are combated on a regular basis. Thus the term ‘war
republics’ appears to be more adequate than ‘people’s republics’ when
defining the Donbas separatism, since military needs are at the centre of
both of these structures. Continued struggle and further stages of
escalation of the conflict – including territorial expansion – are inherent in
the meaning of their existence. Issues linked to real administration and
the possible reconstruction of the region’s economy have been given a
clearly lower priority by the separatists.
Neither the DPR nor the LPR would have been able to function so long if
not for support from Russia which contributed to the outbreak of the
conflict in the Donbas with tis actions. An open border section of around
400 km allows the separatists to receive support in the form of
humanitarian aid, military equipment and personnel. They have also
made use of it for smuggling and creating transfer channels for weapons
and drugs.
The military operation and the increasing criminalisation of the region
have led to a mass exodus of the local population. Those who have
chosen to stay, even though their situation has deteriorated due to the
emergence of the separatists, are putting most of the blame on Kyiv.
Ukrainians have been accused of shelling housing estates, and thus of the
deaths of civilians[14]. Negative sentiments towards Ukraine have been
bolstered by the Ukrainian policy of gradually cutting the Donbas off from
the rest of the country[15] and by separatist propaganda. In effect, if
Ukraine regains control over the occupied territories, it may turn out to be
impossible for Kyiv to include the residents of the territories affected by
the war in the Ukrainian national community.
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Map
Situation in the eastern Ukraine
[1] 89% of residents of Donetsk Oblast (2,252,000 people) and 96%
residents of Luhansk Oblast (their number has not been stated as yet)
reportedly voted for the ‘republics’ to be set up in the May referendum.
[2] There are dozens of armed groups in the region in total. The bestknown
armed formations include: Oplot, Vostok, Kalmius, Sparta, Somalia
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(in the DPR) and Odessa, Prizrak, Zarya, Vityaz, Rus, Modjahed and
numerous Cossack regiments (in the LPR).
[3] The Central Republican Bank of the DPR, which was established in
early December, is mainly in charge of acquisition of funds for the central
government’s operation, and sometimes pays small benefits to
pensioners.
[4] Various Cossack groups control, for example, Antratsyt, Krasny Luch
and Pervomaisk.
[5] Yefremov himself was accused by Kyiv of supporting separatists. A
court trial was launched against him in February 2015 on charges of
‘inciting ethnic hatred’. For more on his influence in the LPR see:
http://www.pravda.com.ua/articles/2014/12/24/7053114/
[6] Aleksey Mozgovoy, the commander of battalion Prizrak openly
criticised the central government of the LPR and was killed on 23 May
2015. Alexandr Bednov, nicknamed Batman, was killed in early January
2015. He was accused of bandit practices by the government of the LPR
and was later killed together with his bodyguards by troops reporting to
Plotnitsky.
[7] For example, an FSB colonel Igor ‘Strelkov’ Girkin, the field
commander of Sloviansk or Alexandr Borodai, who served as the prime
minister of the DPR for a while.
[8] Recent data from June 12 by UNHCR: http://unhcr.org.ua/en/2011-
08-26-06-58-56/news-archive/1244-internal-displacement-map
[9] Donetsk Oblast accounted for 19% of Ukrainian exports and 8% of
imports, and Luhansk Oblast made up 6% of exports and 4% of imports.
[10]
http://daily.rbc.ru/investigation/politics/15/06/2015/5579b4b99a7947b063440210
[11] http://www.unian.ua/society/1061590-lishe-tretina-jitelivokupovanogo-
donbasu-jive-na-dohodi-vid-postiynoji-roboti-sotsiolog.html
[12] The most infamous example was the takeover of eighteen Amstor
chain stores,
http://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2015/01/29/524255/
[13] In January the Ukrainian government reduced the number of
checkpoints through which people may enter or leave the occupied
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territories to seven places where the front line is possible to cross. A new
requirement to obtain a pass from one of the seven checkpoints
beforehand has also been imposed. As the situation on the front line
escalated in late May/early June this year, the number of checkpoints
possible to pass has been temporarily reduced, and thus the transfer of
people between Ukraine and the occupied territories has significantly
decreased – individual checkpoints are opened and closed depending on
the intensity of shelling.
[14] According to latest information provided by the UN agency, 6,417
people have been killed and 15,962 people have been wounded (data as
of 15 May 2015) in Ukraine since the beginning of the conflict in Donbas.
[15] For more information on Kyiv’s policy on Donbas read OSW
Commentary by Tadeusz Iwański ‘Still together but apart? Kyiv’s policy
towards the Donbas, OSW Commentary,
http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/osw-commentary/2015-02-06/stilltogether-
apart-kyivs-policy-towards-donbas
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Annex 579
Corey Flintoff, Who’s Behind a String of Bombings in Ukraine’s Black Sea ‘Pearl’?, NPR (1 July
2015).
6/1/2018 Who's Behind A String Of Bombings In Ukraine's Black Sea 'Pearl'? : Parallels : NPR
https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/07/01/418905297/whos-behind-a-string-of-bombings-in-ukraines-black-sea-pearl 1/11
parallels
Who's Behind A String Of Bombings In Ukraine's
Black Sea 'Pearl'?
Download
Transcript
July 1, 2015 · 4:27 PM ET
Heard on All Things Considered
COREY FLINTOFF
Police search the area near a destroyed billboard reading "Crimea is Ukraine!" following an explosion in Odessa on June 12.
Alexey Kravtsov/AFP/Getty Images
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6/1/2018 Who's Behind A String Of Bombings In Ukraine's Black Sea 'Pearl'? : Parallels : NPR
https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/07/01/418905297/whos-behind-a-string-of-bombings-in-ukraines-black-sea-pearl 2/11
Oleg Konstantinov, the editor of a news website called Dumskaya in Ukraine's port city
of Odessa, pulls up a map on a computer screen in his small, crowded newsroom. It's
dotted with red, yellow, orange and green fire-burst icons, indicating where 34
bombings have taken place in the city over the past year or so.
Konstantinov and his fellow journalists have been plotting the locations, looking for
patterns in the data from the attacks and trying to figure out who organized them.
"These bombings were obviously committed by different groups," Konstantinov says,
as he moves his cursor over the icons. "We're basing that conclusion on the kind of
targets they chose, the type of explosives they used, the timing of the attacks —
actually, quite a number of facts."
Security forces have arrested suspects in several of the attacks and Konstantinov says
they, too, fit a pattern. They're all men who want to see Odessa and its region split
from Ukraine and become part of Russia. Konstantinov says they tend to be middleaged,
poorly educated Soviet army veterans who may belong to different pro-Russian
fringe groups.
Part Of A Bigger Conflict
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6/1/2018 Who's Behind A String Of Bombings In Ukraine's Black Sea 'Pearl'? : Parallels : NPR
https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/07/01/418905297/whos-behind-a-string-of-bombings-in-ukraines-black-sea-pearl 3/11
Known as the "pearl of the Black Sea," Odessa has always been a crucial trade hub as
well as a rich prize in centuries of wars and political intrigue. Nowadays, it's key to the
conflict between Ukraine and Russia — which began in February of last year, when
Russia seized Ukraine's Crimean Peninsula, east of Odessa.
The process of understanding the city's recent attacks becomes a lot less analytical
when you talk with people who've experienced the bombings, like Natasha
Vasyuchenko.
She's a small woman with a weathered face and a smoker's husky voice, working the
night shift in a cigarette kiosk on a busy street in one of the grittier parts of Odessa.
She was dozing when she was snapped awake by a blast in the wee hours of June 12.
"Something like an earthquake happened and all the cigarettes just fell down off the
shelves," she says. "The police appeared, and then I walked to the corner and saw this
destroyed billboard."
A few minutes later, there was a second blast.
Both bombs shredded billboards carrying the slogan "Crimea is Ukraine!"
Konstantinov says that unlike bombings in some other Ukrainian cities, these attacks
don't seem to be targeting civilians. Only one person so far has been killed, a street
cleaner who may have picked up a bomb by accident.
"The impression is that these people are trying to get attention for their cause rather
than do real damage," he says. "In that sense, they're not acts of sabotage but more like
classical terrorist acts," he says.
The implication, he says, is that the bombers don't want to alienate the population, in
hopes that more Odessans will eventually embrace the separatist cause.
Concern Over Russian Spies
Another online journalist, Vera Zaporozhets, an editor at the news website Southern
Courier, tells me the investigations of the bombings are complicated by the fact that
6/1/2018 Who's Behind A String Of Bombings In Ukraine's Black Sea 'Pearl'? : Parallels : NPR
https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/07/01/418905297/whos-behind-a-string-of-bombings-in-ukraines-black-sea-pearl 4/11
Get The Stories That Grabbed Us This Week
Illuminating storytelling, deep investigations, intriguing discoveries - these are the
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Ukraine's security services have long been infiltrated by Russian agents.
"You probably realize that there are Russian spies in Odessa, even in the security
service," she says. "And all those people still keep working — in the police and
prosecutor's office."
Zaporozhets says there's only a small group of security service officers who are really
trying to prevent terrorist attacks — and they're helped by civilian volunteers.
Vadim Labas, the lead research analyst for a group called Oberig, a Slavic word that
means "protective charm" or "amulet," is one of those volunteers. His group gathers
information and passes along tips to trusted members of the security services and
journalists.
Oberig's researchers discovered that pro-Russian organizers were paying people to
stage demonstrations for separatist-related causes over the past year. The researchers
tipped off journalists, who exposed the payoffs in local media.
Labas says he knows there's a danger of retaliation from the pro-Russian side.
"They have a list of people who oppose them, with photos and profiles," he says, "and
they've promised that after they take over Odessa, there will be tribunals and public
executions of 'traitors' in the city soccer stadium."
He and his colleagues are determined to make sure that day never comes.
"We know it's a dangerous situation," he says, "but we keep on fighting."
crisis in ukraine
Annex 580
John Thornhill, Fear Vladimir Putin’s Weakness Not His Strength, The Financial Times (17
August 2015)
Annex 581
Anton Zverev, OSCE says spots deadly Russian rocket system in Ukraine for first time, Reuters
(2 October 2015)
Annex 582
BBC News, Ukraine Rebels Have Powerful New Russian-Made Rockets - OSCE (2 October 2015)
6/1/2018 Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets - OSCE - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34425454 1/12
AD
2 October 2015
Ukraine crisis
Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets - OSCE
International monitors say they have found a new type of Russian-made rocket system
in rebel-held eastern Ukraine.
The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) spotted the powerful TOS-
1 Buratino multiple rocket launcher in Luhansk.
Meanwhile, the leaders of Ukraine, Russia, Germany and France discussed peace efforts in
Ukraine, with Paris and Kiev saying the pullout of light weapons would start on Saturday.
Moscow denies arming the rebels.
It also rejects accusations by Ukraine and the West that it is sending heavy weapons to the
pro-Russian separatists in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
However, the Kremlin admits that Russian "volunteers" are fighting alongside the rebels.
Indiscriminate damage
The OSCE, which is monitoring the ceasefire in eastern Ukraine, said in a statement that it
found the Buratino on a military training ground run by the so-called People's Republic of
Luhansk in the village of Kruhlyk.
The rockets have two types of warhead - either incendiary, which can spread flames over tens
of kilometres, or thermobaric, which sucks up oxygen to boost the explosion.
A spokesman for the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission (SMM) to Ukraine told the BBC the
discovery was particularly significant because of the damage the rockets could cause.
RUSSIAN DEFENCE MINISTRY
Home News Sport Weather Shop Earth Travel
6/1/2018 Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets - OSCE - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34425454 2/12
"This is a very destructive weapon which is fired indiscriminately," he said.
Russian-made Grad rockets have been used by both sides in the conflict, but the Buratino is a
more powerful system.
TOS-1 Buratino multiple rocket system
24 rockets fired from mobile T-72 tank chassis
Target area can be up to 40sq km (15.4 sq miles) if all 24 are fired
220mm warheads are incendiary (flame-thrower) or thermobaric (using oxygen at target
area to strengthen blast)
Range is from 2.7km (1.7 miles) to 3.5km (2.2 miles), depending on variant
Crew targets rockets with laser and ballistic guidance instruments
Soviet forces used Buratino in Afghanistan war in 1980s
Also used by Russian troops in Chechnya
Sources: Russian Defence Ministry, TV Zvezda
Ukraine crisis: Russia tests new weapons
Ukraine 'can't stop Russian armour'
Ukraine's military previously said the Buratino - nicknamed "scorched earth" in Russia - had
been used against government troops in rebel-held eastern Ukraine.
But the OSCE told the BBC the sighting on 25 September was the first it had on record.
RUSSIAN DEFENCE MINISTRY
RUSSIAN DEFENCE MINISTRY
6/1/2018 Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets - OSCE - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34425454 3/12
Only Russia produces the system, according to defence analysis group IHS Jane's and the
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
Russian troops used it in Afghanistan in the 1980s against the Mujahideen and in Chechnya
against separatist rebels in 1999-2000.
Russia has sold a more advanced version - Solntsepyok ("heat of the sun") - to Kazakhstan,
Azerbaijan and Iraq.
However, experts say the Buratino was not exported to Ukraine before the conflict in the east
of the country broke out last year.
41-day deadline
In Paris, Russian President Vladimir Putin met Ukraine's President Petro Poroshenko, French
President Francois Hollande and German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Friday for the first
time since they agreed a peace deal for Ukraine in Minsk in February.
The so-called Normandy Four meeting assessed all elements of the deal, including the
staging of local elections in the rebel-held regions and the withdrawal of heavy weapons from
the line of contact.
Mr Hollande said the pullout would start on Friday, with Mr Poroshenko later confirming this.
The government in Kiev and the pro-Russian rebels earlier finally agreed to withdraw
weapons of less than 100mm calibre from the front line.
Mr Poroshenko said this process would then continue in stages and should be completed
within 41 days.
The French leader also said the elections in the rebel areas must be held according to
Ukrainian law, as envisaged in the Minsk peace deal.
This point was reiterated by Mrs Merkel, who also noticed "progress" during the talks.
Mr Poroshenko said that the four leaders had supported the idea of the elections based
exclusively on Ukrainian legislation and in the presence of OSCE observers, who should be
granted full access.
BBBC
EPA
6/1/2018 Ukraine rebels have powerful new Russian-made rockets - OSCE - BBC News
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34425454 4/12
However, the rebels said before the Paris meeting that they still intended to proceed with
staging local elections on their terms.
Kiev says such elections - to be held on different dates from the rest of Ukraine and not
according to Ukrainian law - would be "fake".
President Putin's office did not provide details of the Paris talks, saying only in a brief
statement that the participants "synchronised watches" on the implementation of the key
points of the Minsk deal.
Related Topics
Russia Ukraine crisis Military Ukraine
Share this story About sharing
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12 August 2016
What is Russia's end game in Crimea?
14 August 2016
Crimea tensions in Russia, Ukraine media
12 August 2016
Daily reality of Ukraine's 'frozen war'
15 April 2016
UN: Impunity pervasive in east Ukraine
14 July 2016
Nato's Russia problem
11 August 2016
Background
Warm welcome for Ukraine's Savchenko
25 May 2016
Profile: Ukraine's Petro Poroshenko
7 June 2014
The politics of gay rights in Ukraine
12 June 2016
Trudeau's Ukrainian odyssey
11 July 2016
Putin shows who is boss in Crimea
19 August 2015
What happened in Kiev's Maidan square?
12 February 2015
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1 May 2014
Ukraine country profile
18 May 2018
Europe
Ukraine crisis
Annex 583
The Russian Secret Behind Ukraine’s Self-Declared ‘Donetsk Republic’, France 24 (15 October
2015) (video)
Annex 584
Robert Hackwill, Caught Red-Handed: the Russian Major Fighting in Ukraine, EuroNews (8
December 2015)
Annex 585
The Guardian, Putin Admits Russian Military Presence in Ukraine for the First Time (17
December 2015).
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Julian Röpcke, How Russia Finances the Ukrainian Rebel Territories, Bild (16 January 2016)
3/27/2018 BILD Exclusive - How Russia finances the Ukrainian rebel territories - Politik Ausland - Bild.de
https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland/ukraine-konflikt/russia-finances-donbass-44151166.bild.html 1/12
3/27/2018 BILD Exclusive - How Russia finances the Ukrainian rebel territories - Politik Ausland - Bild.de
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Annex 587
Anna Shamanska, Former Commander of Pro-Russian Separatists Says He Executed People
Based on Stalin-Era Laws, Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty (19 January 2016).
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Annex 588
Examining the Evidence of Russia’s Involvement in a Malaysia Airlines Crash, Stratfor (13 May
2016)
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Annex 589
Desire to Break Free from Ukraine Keeps Devastated Donetsk Fighting, PBS Newshour (5 July
2016)
Annex 590
Mironov Promises Draft Bill “On the Status of the Donbas Militas, RIA.ru (14 September 2016).
This document has been translated from its original language into English, an official language
of the Court, pursuant to Rules of the Court, Article 51.
Pursuant to Rules of the Court Article 51(3), Ukraine has translated only an extract of the
original document constituting this Annex. In further compliance with this Rule, Ukraine has
provided two certified copies of the full original-language document with its submission. The
translated passages are highlighted in the original-language document. Ukraine has omitted
from translation those portions of the document that are not materially relied upon in its
Memorial, but stands ready to provide additional translations should the Court so require.
Annex 591
Henry Meyer and Onur Ant, Analysis: The Russian ‘Philosopher’ Who Links Putin, Bannon,
Turkey: Alexander Dugin, Chicago Tribune (3 February 2017)
Annex 592
John Wendle, In Avdiivka, Ukrainians See Surge in Fighting as Putin Testing Trump, TIME (3
February 2017)
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Annex 593
Al Jazeera, Avdiivka Civilians Caught in Crossfire as Clashes Rage (5 February 2017).
6/1/2018 Avdiivka civilians caught in crossfire as clashes rage | Ukraine News | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/ukraine-avdiivka-civilians-clashes-170205060625593.html 1/3
Thousands without heating or electricity in town of Avdiivka as Ukrainian troops and
rebels remain locked in fighting.
/
Thousands of civilians are living in desperate conditions without heating and
electricity in the eastern Ukrainian town of Avdiivka as clashes between government
forces and pro-Russian rebels intensify.
The warring sides have been locked in heavy battles for control of the government-held
town for days, with each side accusing the other of launching attacks and firing heavy
artillery in violation of a two-year truce agreement.
The Ukrainian army said on Saturday that one of its soldiers had been killed in the
clashes that have claimed the lives of at least 35 people in the past week.
The rebels agreed with Russia and Ukraine, on Wednesday, to agree to the calls for a
ceasefire and the withdrawal of heavy weapons from the flashpoint town of Avdiivka by
Sunday.
But the demand for the fighting to stop has not halted the violence and so far there are
few signs of the big guns being pulled back from around the town of 25,000, just five
kilometres north of the rebels' de facto capital of Donetsk .
On Saturday, a rebel military commander was also killed in a car bombing that appeared
to have been linked to an internal dispute over power and unrelated to the ongoing
fighting.
6/1/2018 Avdiivka civilians caught in crossfire as clashes rage | Ukraine News | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/ukraine-avdiivka-civilians-clashes-170205060625593.html 2/3
The clashes have damaged infrastructure and left residents without water and
electricity amid freezing conditions, with temperatures plunging to -20C at night.
Girgi Nikiforov, an elderly resident who has had no heating for days, said the situation
was dire.
"Lately, there has been shelling from that side," he said, pointing to rebel-held areas.
"Our building was hit. The situation has been terrible for so long and it is especially tense
now."
Olga, an Avdiivka resident, told Al Jazeera that many of the buildings bore the scars of
war and death.
"I was sitting on the sofa listening to the radio ... suddenly there was a huge explosion - it
was like everything went into slow motion. The windows were smashed in," she said.
"Later, there was a second explosion which was so loud we lost our hearing for a few
seconds. A shell had hit the fourth floor. Thank God, the people who own it weren't there
at the time. Otherwise, we would have had to dig them from under the rubble."
Al Jazeera's Charles Stratford, reporting from the town, said that, with rebel positions
only a few kilometres away, there was no safe place for the people to seek refuge.
"A government agency has set up a camp with a soup kitchen and tents to keep residents
warm amid the desperately cold weather," he said.
"Inside the tents, however, people say more government help is needed."
Ludmilla Voronina, an elderly woman from the area, told Al Jazeera: "I have no job and
no pension, so how can I live? I tried to pick up aid but it was so crowded, I couldn't get
anything."
Ukraine has been fighting pro-Russian rebels since early 2014 when mass protests
brought down a pro-Russian government and replaced it with one seeking closer ties with
the EU and US.
6/1/2018 Avdiivka civilians caught in crossfire as clashes rage | Ukraine News | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/02/ukraine-avdiivka-civilians-clashes-170205060625593.html 3/3
Kiev accuses Moscow of direct military involvement in the conflict, as well as military
support for the rebels.
The Kremlin denies backing the rebels and only admits that Russian "volunteers" and offduty
soldiers have entered the war zone on their own free will.
The conflict has killed nearly 10,000 people since 2014, more than half of them civilians,
and plunged Moscow's relations with the West to a post-Cold War low.
Annex 594
John Wendle, Avdiivka, Evacuating Again as Fighting Escalates, Al Jazeera (8 February 2017)
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/avdiivka-evacuating-fighting-escalates-170207113627961.html 1/13
Civilians in Avdiivka wonder if they will survive the cold nights and random, incessant
shelling.
/
Avdiivka, Ukraine - Svetlana Zadorozhnyuk crunches through the new snow towards
the evacuation bus, holding the hand of her 10-year-old daughter. This is the second time
she has sent her little girl away from the fighting in eastern Ukraine, but that has not
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/avdiivka-evacuating-fighting-escalates-170207113627961.html 2/13
made it any easier.
"I'm just so tired of all this," she says through a tear-choked voice.
The girl has spent her days sitting next to her mother as she tended shop, terrorised by
the sound of the incoming and outgoing artillery that has killed around two dozen and
wounded many more on both sides of the frontline around the town of Avdiivka since
hostilities spiked in the area on January 29.
The fighting, which seems to have eased a bit in the past days, is among the worst
escalations since the Minsk II ceasefire agreement was signed in February 2015. Some
here speculate that the surge in violence is connected to the inauguration of Donald
Trump as US president - as a way for Russian President Vladimir Putin to test Trump's
intentions over the war in Ukraine.
Regardless of the causes, Svetlana has had enough. She gives the girl's name to the
organisers of the evacuation, who check it against their list of children. Then, her
daughter is motioned on board.
The girl waves to her mother through the glass, breathes on the window and writes, "I
love you" in the fog. "The situation now is just terrible, terrible. Right now no one knows
what will happen in the next five minutes," says Svetlana.
As the driver idles the engine in the -10 degrees Celcius temperatures, 76-year-old
pensioner Valentina Fyodorovna stands on the other side of the bus and tearfully looks
up at her baby grandson. The blue-eyed boy bounces on his mother's lap as they wait to
drive to Sviatohirsk, a pilgrimage town that is now serving as a temporary home to
thousands of internally displaced people.
"I would give my pension. I would give anything for this to stop," says Valentina, wiping
away her tears. The randomness of the shelling means she and everyone else in Avdiivka
fear that they will not live through the night.
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/avdiivka-evacuating-fighting-escalates-170207113627961.html 3/13
For the past week, Avdiivka, an embattled industrial town on the frontline in the war in
Ukraine, has struggled with freezing temperatures, intermittent heating, and no power or
water.
Now that the shelling is subsiding and the power is coming back on, the people of the
town are taking stock of their ordeal and speculating on the causes of last Sunday's
sudden shift from a frequently broken ceasefire to outright shelling and fighting.
The gathered mothers wave to their children as the bus pulls out. Artillery continues to
rumble and thump intermittently in the background. An organiser says 23 were leaving
that morning and that slightly fewer than 200 children had left by the service since last
Sunday.
More had fled with their families, though schools in the town continued to hold classes.
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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This crisis is only the most recent since the war broke out in 2014, after pro-Western
protesters deposed the pro-Russian president. Soon after, Russia annexed Ukraine's
Crimean Peninsula, the site of a large Russian naval base. Kiev and the West say the
Kremlin then fomented and backed a rebellion in the east of the country, while Russia
says it was not involved.
! " #
Just across the street from where the bus was parked, Mikhail Kolodych, sweeps glass
and splintered wood from his sister-in-law's kitchen floor.
A shell had hit the building the night before, destroying the apartment on the floor above
and shattering all the windows in this one. Everyone was already sheltering in the
basement of the building - as they have been since 2014 - so no one was hurt.
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/avdiivka-evacuating-fighting-escalates-170207113627961.html 5/13
In the kitchen, a shell fragment is lodged in the wall. Surveying the destruction, Mikhail
echoes the sentiments of Valentina, the pensioner at the bus stop, visible through the
shattered window.
"Russia is unpredictable. They have awoken and wherever they turn tomorrow, they can
go. Even to the Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia, it is possible," he says.
"I think the situation is connected with President Trump," he says, warning that if Trump
and other world leaders do not strengthen sanctions, "[the conflict] will grow - just look
at Syria".
So far, he has seen little from the international community to make him think they will do
more to help halt the fighting. But a big problem is that Trump is "also unpredictable", he
says, but adds, "I think he can't just wake up and go do whatever he likes. It's not like in
Russia."
On Saturday, Trump called Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko, the first direct contact
between the two leaders since Trump was sworn in on January 20. Trump's stated aim of
improving relations with the Kremlin has sparked fears in Kiev that the US may lift
sanctions against Russia, levied against the country for its annexation of Crimea and
support of rebels in the breakaway regions of Donetsk and Lugansk.
"We will work with Ukraine, Russia, and all other parties involved to help them restore
peace along the border," Trump said in a White House statement, after talking to the
Ukrainian president. Poroshenko's office said the call with Trump particularly focused on
the "settlement of the situation in the Donbass and achieving peace via political and
diplomatic means" and that the two sides "discussed strengthening the strategic
partnership" between the two countries.
Trump told Fox News host Bill O'Reilly on Saturday that, "I respect a lot of people, but
that doesn't mean I'm going to get along with [Putin]. He's a leader of his country. I say
it's better to get along with Russia than not."
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/avdiivka-evacuating-fighting-escalates-170207113627961.html 6/13
On Sunday, Vice President Mike Pence responded to the upsurge in fighting on ABC's
This Week news programme, saying, "We're watching and [are] very troubled by the
increased hostilities." But, when questioned on sanctions continuing against Russia, he
said, "That's a question that will be answered in the months ahead." That response that
will do little to allay fears in Kiev.
Indeed, many in Avdiivka believe that last week's upsurge in violence was a direct result
of Putin wanting to test Trump's mettle.
"Maybe it is that before they meet, they needed to feel each other out," says Dmytro
Linko, a member of the Ukrainian parliament who was in Avdiivka observing the army.
Down the street from Mikhail's sister-in-law's wrecked apartment, volunteers and
Ukrainian emergency crews swarm around School Number 2.
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/02/avdiivka-evacuating-fighting-escalates-170207113627961.html 7/13
Outside the front door, a mortar had blasted frozen earth across the front yard, leaving a
dark pit and a broken tree. The volunteers unload truck after truck packed with bottled
water, candles, blankets, food, diapers and other humanitarian aid donated by
international and Ukrainian organisations.
Even with the sound of shelling a near constant in the background, hundreds of people
gather to collect what they can.
One young mother is intent on picking up candles, since her two young sons are as
terrified of the dark as they are of the shelling.
"There was shelling today and my youngest slept through it," she says, rocking her
stroller back and forth in the crowd outside the school. But the older one, she says,
"understands and feels everything. When the shells started to fall he got frightened. His
heart, I don't know, must have been beating 300 times a second."
Now, she is standing in line to pick up some candles, "so that he is not afraid during the
attacks and not scared of the dark".
Gallery
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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!
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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! "
#
6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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6/1/2018 Avdiivka, evacuating again as fighting escalates | Ukraine | Al Jazeera
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Annex 595
Anton Zverev, Ex-Rebel Leaders Detail Role Played by Putin Aide in East Ukraine, Reuters (11
May 2017)
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
Detained In Myanmar Energy & Environment Brexit North Korea Charged: The Future of Autos Future
WORLD NEWS
MAY 11, 2017 / 4:22 AM / A YEAR AGO
Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east
Ukraine
Anton Zverev
MOSCOW (Reuters) - A top aide to Vladimir Putin decides how the pro-Moscow
administration of eastern Ukraine is run and who gets what jobs there, three former rebel
leaders said, challenging Kremlin denials that it calls the shots in the region.
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
Their comments to Reuters shed light on the role played by the secretive Vladislav Surkov,
who has long been at the Russian president’s side. The Kremlin says his official role is to advise
Putin on Ukraine, where the rebels are fighting government forces.
The extent of his influence and powers has not been spelled out or acknowledged by the
Kremlin which casts its role in the conflict as one where it has influence but is not a
protagonist.
The three men who have held senior roles in the separatist movement in eastern Ukraine
have explained in detail how Surkov controls the situation on the ground via handpicked
proxies who give him regular situation reports, used aides to arrange elections there, and has
worked to build power structures that are responsive to Moscow’s wishes.
“Any call from Moscow was viewed as a call from the office of Lord God himself and... was
implemented immediately,” recalled Alexei Alexandrov, one of the leaders of the separatist
rebellion in Donetsk who has since left the area in eastern Ukraine. Two other separatists
corroborated his account, but declined to be identified.
Surkov and Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov did not respond to questions about the extent
of Surkov’s role in Ukraine. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko’s office also declined to
comment.
Reuters has previously gathered evidence that Moscow sent Russian troops and irregular
fighters, and weapons, to help the separatists, who tried to break away from Ukraine in 2014. A
senior former separatist described last year how Russian financial support propped up the
breakaway area.
FILE PHOTO: Top-level Kremlin advisor Vladislav Surkov speaks before Russia's President Dmitry Medvedev's
last annual state of the nation address at the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia, December 22, 2011. REUTERS/Sergei
Karpukhin/File Photo
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
The Kremlin has always rejected those accusations as part of its effort to get Western
sanctions imposed on it over Ukraine eased.
Reuters was unable to independently verify the separatists’ descriptions of Surkov’s role, but
their individual versions of events tallied with one another, with key details and dates
consistent with existing open source information about Surkov.
Alexandrov and the two other officials said their willingness to speak out underscores a sense
that their uprising has been hijacked by the Kremlin, which has put in place loyalists who they
say do not have the region’s best interests at heart. All three said Moscow had gradually forced
out most of the separatists behind the original uprising by using threats of death and
detention.
“At first we were a bit naive and thought that maybe our Moscow uncles simply didn’t
understand what was happening here, when our Moscow comrades treated us like dirt,” said
one of the three former separatist leaders who said he last spoke to Surkov in November.
“But then I understood that they understood everything, and simply wanted us to keep our
mouths shut.”
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
HANDPICKED LEADER
Surkov helped Putin engineer Russia’s tightly controlled political system and coined the
term “sovereign democracy” which the Kremlin uses to describe that system.
Viewed in the West as one of the architects of Russia’sannexation of the Crimea peninsula
from Ukraine in 2014, Surkov was blacklisted from entering the United States and the
European Union in March of that year. He told a Russian newspaper that being on
Washington’s blacklist was a “big honor” for him.
The separatists who came forward to describe Surkov’s role say he also played a key role in
the appointment of Alexander Zakharchenko as leader of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People’s
Republic (DNR) in eastern Ukraine, the rebels’ biggest breakaway entity by population.
Zakharchenko, a former coal mine electrician from eastern Ukraine, was the leader of an anti-
Kiev militia when he was summoned to Moscow in 2014. Separatist leaders were grooming him
to be defense minister in the DNR. But after he met Surkov in the Kremlin, word came back
from Surkov’s office that Zakharchenko was to be given the top job.
A spokeswoman for Zakharchenko did not respond to written questions.
At the time, the Donetsk rebels had been led by two men who described themselves as
volunteers from Russia. Far-right former journalist Alexander Borodai was the political chief,
and Igor Strelkov, who said he was a former agent in Russia’s federal security service (FSB),
was the military commander.
FILE PHOTO: Head of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic Alexander Zakharchenko (C) leaves after
the first session of the new local parliament in Donetsk, Ukraine, November 14, 2014. REUTERS/Maxim
Zmeyev/File Photo
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
Moscow wanted them replaced by a local to try to show the West that the uprising was a
grassroots phenomenon, Borodai told Reuters. It picked Zakharchenko, whom it viewed as
easy to control, said one of the three ex-separatist sources.
After what Alexandrov described as a verbal order from Surkov’s office, Borodai and Strelkov
quietly stepped down so that Zakharchenko could take over.
Borodai said he had been the first to suggest that Zakharchenko take over, but declined to
answer detailed questions on the subject.
Strelkov did not respond to a request for comment, but has previously told Reuters he left
the region after coming under pressure from people he declined to name.
After Zakharchenko was made leader of the Donetsk separatists, the region held an election
which confirmed him in office. A team of Russians who worked for Surkov arrived in Donetsk
to help run Zakharchenko’s campaign, said Alexandrov. Reuters could not independently
confirm that assertion.
Ukraine and its Western allies then rejected the vote. Separatists shrugged that rejection off,
however, and Moscow suggested the Ukrainian government could now negotiate directly with
the separatists, an offer Kiev spurned.
The contested election helped entrench Zakharchenko, all three former rebel leaders said.
Surkov’s election team did not tell anyone in Donetsk their real names, and used militarystyle
radio call signs instead.
Asked how he knew they worked for Surkov, Alexandrov said: “They didn’t hide it. They
announced it loudly at the first opportunity.”
Five sources, including one close to the presidential administration and another who worked
with Surkov in the Kremlin, said Surkov has regular meetings with separatist leaders, both in
the breakaway territory and in Russia.
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
They say his involvement continues now, three years on from the start of the rebellion in
eastern Ukraine.
Alexandrov said he met Surkov in Moscow in August 2014. Another of the former separatist
leaders said his most recent meeting with Surkov in Moscow was in November last year.
DOUBLE ROLE
Surkov had at least three meetings last year with Victoria Nuland when she was U.S. Under-
Secretary of State for European Affairs — in January, May and June — according to the U.S.
embassy in Moscow.
FILE PHOTO: A pro-Russian armed man stands guard at a barricade near the state security service building in
Slaviansk, Ukraine, April 28, 2014. The sticker on the rifle reads:"Republic of Donetsk". REUTERS/Gleb
Garanich/File Photo
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
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Nuland told reporters at the time that the meetings had been part of a U.S. attempt to get all
sides to implement the Minsk accord, which introduced a shaky ceasefire in eastern Ukraine
and laid out steps for a political solution to the conflict.
Her meeting with Surkov in June in Moscow was “thorough and constructive,” the U.S.
embassy said.
But the sources who spoke to Reuters said Surkov’s true role went far beyond acting as a
peace broker.
Surkov’s activities, which began at least six months before the internationally-brokered
Minsk peace deal, focused on choosing personnel to take senior posts, on creating a structure
for the separatist administration, on formulating a media strategy for the separatists and
planning local elections, according to the people who spoke to Reuters.
After meeting Surkov in May, Nuland had warned that such elections, organized by the
separatists without Ukrainian government involvement, would be ignored by Washington.
Poroshenko’s office declined to comment on these accounts.
Additional reporting by Svetlana Reiter, Polina Nikolskaya and Polina Devitt, Writing by Christian Lowe
and Andrew Osborn, Editing by Peter Graff and Timothy Heritage
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
6/1/2018 Ex-rebel leaders detail role played by Putin aide in east Ukraine | Reuters
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-surkov-insight/ex-rebel-leaders-detail-role-played-by-putin-aide-in-east-ukraine-idUSKBN1870TJ
Annex 596
Nikolaus von Twickel, South Ossetia: A ‘Little Switzerland’ for Donbas?, EURASIANET.org (31
May 2017)
Annex 597
Prosecutor General's Office Put Zhirinovsky In Suspicion Of Financing Terrorism, Front New
International (23 August 2017)
Volume XVII - Annexes 528-597