SEPARATE OPINION OF

PRESIDENT J. L. BUSTAMANTE Y RIVER0

1. 1share the opinions expressed in the text of the Judgment and the
conclusions in its operative provisions, except so far as concerns para-
graph 59, with regard to which 1must express the reservation that will
be found below. Nevertheless, 1 believe it to be possible to state some

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE JESSUP

1concur in the Judgment of the Court and especially in its conclusion
that the equidistance method or priiiciple is not established as obligatory
in international law. It would be possible to emphasize by more detailed
quotations how crystal clear it is that neither the International Law
Commission nor its Committee of Experts considered that "equidistance"

56 CONTINENTAL SHELF (DECL.BENGZON)

between 1945 and 1958 and that in State practice prior to 1958 it was
wholly lacking in any definition of crucial elements as it was also of the
legal régimeapplicable to the coastal State with respect to the continental
shelf,then it would seem to follow conclusively that the principle of
equidistance was not inherent in the concept of the continental shelf.

(1) the general configuration of the coasts of the Parties, as well as the
presence of any special or unusual features;
(2) so far as known or readily ascertainable, the physical and geological
structure, and natural resources, of the continental shelfreas in-
volved ;
(3) the element of a reasonable degree of proportionality, which a delimi-
tation carried out in accordance with equitable principles ought to
bring about between the extent of the continental shelf areas apper-

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE ONYEAMA

1. Although 1 agree that the Regulations concerning the Fishery
Limits off Iceland (Reglugeri3 urnJiskveii3ilandhelgiIslands) promulgated

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE PETRÉN
[Translation]

To my regret, 1 have felt obliged to vote against the Judgment and to
append this dissenting opinion.
The main reason why L felt unable to vote for the Judgment lay in the

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE GROS

[Translation]

1consider that Iceland's claim to establish an exclusive fishing zone
over the superjacent waters of the continental shelf is contrary to the
rules of international law, but the reasoning which leads me to that
opinion, and my analysis of the dispute itself, are different from what is
contained in the Judlgment, from both the reasoning and the decision of
the Court; a judgment of the Court comprises the reasoning part and the

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE SIR HUMPHREY WALDOCK

1. 1am in general agreement with both the operative part and the rea-

soning of theJudgment of the Court. As, however, there are some aspects
of the case which 1consider should have received more prominence in the
Judgment, 1 feel it incumbent on me to deal with them in this separate
opinion.

SEPARA'TE OPINION OF JUDGE DE CASTRO

[Translation]

1have voted witlhthe majority, but do not consider that I can wholly

subscribe to the reasoning in the Judgment. 1 therefore venture, in
exercise of the right conferred on me by the Statute, to set out in detail
the reasons for my vote.

1. The 1961Agreement

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE DILLARD

1concur in the Judgment of the Court. 1am moved to write a separate
opinion first to elaborate on a few possibly controversial aspects of the

Judgment and second to put it in a broader perspective.

The present controversy centres on the familiar problem of conflicting