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Experts’ Responses to Observations of
The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda
regarding
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the
Territory of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda
* * *
International Court of Justice
1 March 2021
1
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Report 1: Response regarding Loss of Life: Direct Deaths (Henrik Urdal) 4
Report 2: Response regarding Conflict-Related Excess Mortality (Debarati Guha-Sapir) 9

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING
ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
v.
UGANDA
UGANDA’S OBSERVATIONS ON THE EXPERTS REPORT
DATED 19 DECEMBER 2020
15 FEBRUARY 2021
i
Table of Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1
I. Observations on the Urdal Report ............................................................... 5

Note: This translation has been prepared by the Registry for internal purposes and has no official
character
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING
ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO
(DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO v. UGANDA)
SECOND PHASE
QUESTION OF REPARATION
OBSERVATIONS OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
ON THE EXPERTS’ REPORT OF 19 DECEMBER 2020
14 February 2021
[Translation by the Registry]
- 1 -

Experts Report on Reparations
for
The International Court of Justice
* * *
Case Concerning Armed Activities on
the Territory of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda
19 December 2020
1
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Report 1. Loss of Life : Direct Deaths 7
Report 2. Conflict-Related Excess Mortality 19
Report 3. Quantum Recommended Amounts: Human Lives and Property Damage 42
Report 4. Exploitation of Natural Resources 70
2
Introduction

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING
ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
v.
UGANDA
UGANDA’s COMMENTS ON THE DRC’s RESPONSES TO THE
QUESTIONS FROM THE COURT DATED 11 JUNE 2018
7 JANUARY 2019

Note: This translation has been prepared by the Registry for internal purposes and has no official
character
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO
(DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO v. UGANDA)
SECOND PHASE
QUESTION OF REPARATION
COMMENTS OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO ON THE REPLIES
OF UGANDA TO THE QUESTIONS PUT BY THE COURT
2 January 2019
[Translation by the Registry]
CONTEXT

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING
ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
v.
UGANDA
UGANDA’s ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS
FROM THE COURT DATED 11 JUNE 2018
1 NOVEMBER 2018

Note: This translation has been prepared by the Registry for internal purposes and has no official
character
15433
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO
(DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO v. UGANDA)
SECOND PHASE
QUESTION OF REPARATION
REPLIES AND FURTHER EVIDENCE PROVIDED BY THE
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
(FINAL VERSION)
VOLUME I
26 OCTOBER 2018
[Translation by the Registry]

LIST OF QUESTIONS
1. Requests for further evidence
1. Could the Dcmocratic Republic of Congo (hereinafier DRC) provide the "victim identification
forms" that were prepared and collected by the DRC's Expert Commission, as well as any
additional evidence it might have regarding individuel victims?
2. Could the DRC produce evidence to support its estimates for the number of persans killed in
direct attacks on civilians, the number of victims of personal injury, and the number of rape

Experts’ Responses to Observations of
The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda
regarding
Case Concerning Armed Activities on the
Territory of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda
* * *
International Court of Justice
1 March 2021
1
Table of Contents
Introduction 2
Report 1: Response regarding Loss of Life: Direct Deaths (Henrik Urdal) 4
Report 2: Response regarding Conflict-Related Excess Mortality (Debarati Guha-Sapir) 9