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Organisation of African,
Caribbean and Pacific States
(OACPS)
Organisation des États
d’Afrique, des Caraïbes et
du Pacifique (OEACP)
1
International Court of Justice
Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change (Request for Advisory Opinion)
Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (OACPS)

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)
WRITTEN REPLIES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND TO
QUESTIONS OF THE COURT
20 DECEMBER 2024
INTRODUCTION
1. On 13 December 2024, at the end of the final day of the public sittings in which
participants delivered their oral statements to the Court, Judges Cleveland, Tladi,
Aurescu and Charlesworth addressed questions to the participants. Participants
were invited to provide replies, if they wish to do so, by 20 December 2024.

1
20 December 2024
H.E. Mr Philippe Gautier
Registrar
International Court of Justice
Dear Registrar,
1. Nauru has the honour, with reference to the oral proceedings in Obligations of States in
respect of Climate Change, to submit its response to the question posed by Judge
Charlesworth. The question is in these terms:
“In your understanding, what is the significance of the declarations made by
some States on becoming parties to the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement to
the effect that no provision in these agreements may be interpreted as derogating

REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change (Request for Advisory Opinion)
Written Replies of the Republic of Namibia to the Question Put by Judge Aurescu
20 December 2024
1
1.
Pursuant to the President’s direction and the Court’s correspondence dated 13 December 2024, the Republic of Namibia hereby submits its written replies to the following question put by Judge Aurescu at the end of the public sitting that day:1

Question put by the Judge Cleveland
“During these proceedings, a number of participants have referred to the production of
fossil fuels in the context of climate change, including with respect to subsidies. In your
view, what are the specific obligations under international law of States within which
whose jurisdiction fossil fuels are produced to ensure the protection of the climate
system and other parts of the environment from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse
gases, if any?
Response: A number of States have produced and subsidized fossil fuels since the

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR AN
ADVISORY OPINION)
RESPONSES OF THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA TO
QUESTIONS PUT BY JUDGES AURECU AND CHARLESWORTH
20 DECEMBER 2024
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................3
CHAPTER II: QUESTION PUT BY JUDGE AURESCU ........................................................4

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
ADVISORY OPINION REGARDING "OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE"
MEXICO'S RESPONSES TO THE QUESTIONS PUT FORWARD BY JUDGES OF THE
HONORABLE COURT
December 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
II. QUESTION PUT BY JUDGE CLEVELAND ............................................................................. 1

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE
CHANGE
(Request for an Advisory Opinion)
RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS PUT BY JUDGES
Introduction
On 13 December 2024, the Court registry transmitted to participants the Questions put by Judges. The
Republic of the Marshall Islands responds to:
Page
Question put by Judge Cleveland .... .............................. ...... ..................................................... 3

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
(REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION)
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
RESPONSE OF THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES TO THE JUDGES’
QUESTIONS
20 December 2024
1
1. The Republic of Maldives (“the Maldives”) submits the present response pursuant to
the Court’s letter dated 13 December 2024 communicating questions posed by
individual Judges.
2. Judge Aurescu has posed the following question:
“Some participants have argued, during the written and/or oral stages of the

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
ADVISORY PROCEEDINGS CONCERNING
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
REPLIES BY THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN TO THE QUESTION PUT BY JUEDGE AURESCU
20 DECEMBER 2024
__________________________________________________________________________________
Question put by Judge Aurescu