STATE OF BAHRAIN Ù:J "' 1JIil. JJ.J
Office of the Minister of State L-1..9..,(.>--:jJ1.' i<0
P.O. Box2088
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Manama, Bahrain ~~~-~~ • '•oll
Pnone:217721 Fax:215508 r\ oo ·A :u-uS\..9Y' vvr, :~u,
No: ICJ-QvB/318
Date:
13July 2000 : ~}:.11
H.E. Mr.PhilippeCouvreur
Registrar
InternationalCourtof Justice
PeacePalace
2517 KJTheHague
THE NETHERLANDS
Re: CaseConcerning Maritime Delimitation andTerritorial Questions between Qatar
and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain)
Your Excellency,
1 havethehonourto provideBahrain'swrittenresponseto thequestionsposedby JudgesParra
ArangurenandKooijmanson29 June2000alongwithmygovernment'scommentson Qatar's
letterdated29June2000respondingto JudgeVereshchetin'squestions.
QUESTION 1
What is the extent and what are the territorial Jimits of Zubarah? An accurate
description would be appreciated, with indication of the evidence supporting the
answer.
1. TheZubarahregionisa small,contained,andvirtuallyuninhabitedareaof approximately
193squarekilometreson theWestcoastof theQatarpeninsula,representingslightlymore
thanonepercentof Qatar'slandterritory. TheZubarahregionextendsfrom Al Arish,
about10kilometresnorthof thetownof Zubarahonthe coast,to UmmEl Ma, about20
kilometressouthof thetownof Zubarah. lnlandfromthe coastof theGulfof Bahrain,the
regionextendsta and includesAl Na'man,UmmalGhubbur,Masarehahand Al Thagab,
approximately13,9, 8 and5 kilometresinlandrespectively.The territoriallimits of the
Zubarahregionare shawnonMap5inVolume7ofBahrain'sMemorial. A copy ofthis
mapisattachedat Annex1.
2. The co-ordinatesfor the locationsthatestablishtheeasternperimeterof the Zubarah
regionareattachedat Annex2.
3. Followingthetransferof theAl Kha!ifacapitalfromthecityof Zubarahtathe mainislandof
Bahrainattheendof the 18thCentury,the RulersofBahrainexercisedauthorityoverthe
northernpartofthe QatarpeninsulathroughtheNaimtribe. The Naimwere the principal
tribeinatribalconfederationthatinhabitedthenorthof the peninsula. They were subjectOffice of the Minister of State
Page2
to andloyaltothe Al Khalifathroughthe 19thand2Qth Centuryleadingupto Qatar'sarmed
1
attackon 1July 1937. lnthe1930's,theAI-RamzanbranchoftheNaimdefectedtothe
RulerofQatarand went to Dohaandits environs,whilethe AI-Jabrbranchof the Naim
tribe,whosetribaldirah (territory)wassituatedinandaroundthetownofZubarah,
2
maintainedtheirallegiancetothe Rulerof Bahrain.
4. The geographieextentof theZubarahregionclaimedbyBahrainisanarea overwhich
Bahraincontinuouslyand openlyexercisedauthoritybyvirtueoftheallegianceof theAI
Jabr branchof the Naimtribe.
5. As recognisedinthe Dubai-SharjahBorderArbitration,Arab tribesdistinguishedbetweena
town anditsassociatedarea(haram)andthe dirahofthetribesinthedesertarea:
Theterm'dirah'indicatesa regionwithinwhicha nomadicpeoplemoves.
Theterm'haram'means,however,an areainthevicinityofatownor
settlementupon whichsuchtownorsettlementhasa claimofexclusive
3
rightsforthe purposeofobtainingthenecessitiesof its existence."
6. Referencesto"Zubarah",therefore,havethreepossiblemeanings:first,to the ruinedcity
ofZubarah;second,to thecityofZubarahandassociatedsettledareas;andthird,to the
ZubarahRegion,the combinedharamanddirahoftheAI-Jabr. Lorimer'sGazetteerofthe
PersianGulf,refersto Zubarahasa "iuinedanddesertedtown". Lorimerobservedthat
thesitewasstillfrequentedby"theNaimof BahrainandQatar''andthatit was surrounded
bydependentforts"withina radiusof 7 miles"(15.4kilometres]fromthemaintown
including"Faraihah,Halwan[Hulwan],Lisha,'AinMuhammed,Qal'atMurair[the main
Zubarahfort],Rakaiyat,Umm-ash-Shuwai[ lUmmAlShuwyyl]andThagab.'.4Theseare
thesameplacesidentifiedbyBahrainasbeingwithinthelimitsofitsclaimto the Zubarah
Region.
7. ln 1937,thePoliticalAgent prepareda briefingnoteforthe BritishPoliticalResidentonthe
Zubarahsituationand statedthatthe"Zubarahareamaybe takento bean enclave
runningfromthecoastsouthofandincludingRubeijah,inlandto includethe wellsat
Halwan[Hulwan],Masaichah[Masarehah]and Lashi[Lisha]retumingtothe coastat and
includingFaraihahvillage.Theruinedtownof Zubarahandthe ruinedfortof Umm Rear
5
[Murair]willbeseento be includedwithinthisarea."
1
BM, para. 85.
2 See BM, paras. 73-103.
3 Dubai-Sharjah Border Arbitration, 91 ILR 543, pp. 588.
4
Lorimer, Gazetteerofthe Persian Gulf, Vol. II, p. 1952, BM,Ann. 74, Vol. 3, p. 398.
5 Report entitled "Zubarah Incident" and a memorandum entitled "Possible basis of a Compromise" by
Capt. Hickinbotham, British Political Agent, 3 May 1937, BM, Ann. 126, Vol. 3, pp. 654 and 665. Umm
Rear was another name given to Murair, the Al-Khalifa fort in the town of Zubarah.Office of the Minister of State
Page3
8. Lorimerand thePoliticalAgentwerethusdescribingZubarahasincludingthecityand the
surroundingsettledareas, boundedto thenorthby Rakaiyat;to theeast byThagab,
MasarehahandLisha;andto Hulwaninthesouth. Thesedescriptionsof Zubarahwereto
the cityofZubarahandtheassociatedsettledareas. Thiswasthehomeof the hadar, the
membersof theAI-Jabrtribewhohad permanenthomes. Forexample,Fadilbin
Mohannaai-Naimi,wholivedina houseinLishafor over20 years,appliedto registerthis
7
propertyinthe BahrainiLandRegistrationDirectoratsin 1937. And SalehbinMuhammed
ali binAlial Naimidescribeshowas a childhisfamilylivedattheoasisof Lishaandhow
8
provisionscouldbeobtainedthere. ThiswasthecoreofAI-Jabrterritory. Thus,when
waitingfortheimpendingAlThaniattackon 1July1937,theAl Naimgatheredat Lisha
9
and Hulwanandthefirstsignof the Al Thaniintruderswasattheguard postinThagab.
9. The territory oftheZubarahregionoccupiedbythenomadicAI-Jabrwas understood,in
commonwithetherArabtribes,intermsoftheir dirah,whichwasin turn identifiedby
reference to theirgrazinggroundsaroundspecifiewellsoroases. ln 1937,theZubarah
regionextendedfromthe cityof Zubarahto thewellsandsettlementsthat encircledit (the
haram) andincludedthe Naimgrazinggrounds (dirah)tothenorth,south andeastof the
haram. Bahrainhasfimiteditsclaimto thatpartoftheZubarahregionwithinthe fine
circumscribedbythewellsandplacesdescribedinparagraph1above. The locationsof
these wellsandplacesare easilyidentifiedandprovideclearpointsfor a delineationfine
betweenBahrain'sandQatar'sterritoryonthepeninsula.
10. The territorialextentofthe Zubarahregionclaimedby Bahrainisbasedon abundant
historieandcontemporaneousevidenceasweilasuncontradictedwitnessstatements
from membersoftheAl Jabrtribe. This evidenceis setoutinBahrain'sMemorialat
paragraphs89-103andis brieflysummarisedbelow.
11. ln May 1937,duringnegotiationswiththe RulerofQatar,Bahrainpresenteda compromise
proposaitothe PoliticalAgentthatBahrain'scontrolin northemQatarwouldbelimitedto
the Zubarahregionandthatthe Naimcoulddecideby plebiscitewhichRulertheywould
serve.10 TheAl Thani,knowingthattheyhadnoclaimtotheJoyaltyof the inhabitantsof
the Zubarahregionandknowingthatthe inhabitantsof theZubarahregionconsidered
6 Statement of Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Theyab Al Naimi, BM, Ann. 233(a), Vol. 4, p. 1014 and
Statementof Saleh bin Muhammed Ali bin Al Naimi, BM,Ann. 234(a), Vol. 4, p. 1025.
7 BM, Ann. 118, Vol. 3, p. 638.
8
Statement of Saleh bin Muhammed Ali bin Al Naimi, BM,Ann. 234(a), Vol. 4, p. 1025.
9 Statement of Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Theyab Al Naimi, BM, Ann. 233(a), Vol. 4, p. 1014 at
1016.
10 Memorandum from Assistant Political Agent Bahrain, dated 29 May 1937, QM, Annex,ol. 7, p.
157Office of the Minister of State
Page4
themselvessubjectsof the Rulerof Bahrain,do notappearto haveacceptedthis
11
proposal.
12. Theallegianceof theAI-JabrNaimwasconfrrmedonemonth laterwhenno Jessthan536
12
inhabitantsoftheZubarahregionsenta petitiontotheRulerof Bahrain. A copyof this
petitionis intheBritisharchivesandtheoriginalpetition,comprisingsevenlargesheetsof
parchmentattestedtowith thumbprints,sealsand names,is in theGovernmentof
Bahrain'sarchives. lt is a visibleandcompellingtestamentof the BahrainiNaim's
allegianceto theRulerof Bahrainandtheterritorialextentof the Zubarahregion. Sinee
onlyfamilyheadswouldhavesignedthepetition,andgiventhe extremelylowpopulation
of thearea,thepetitionprobablyrepresentedthe overwhelmingmajorityof thefamilies
livinginthe Zubarahregionin 1937. Thepetitionstatesin part:
...we theundersigned,theinhabitantswithintheboundariesofZubarafor over
hundredyearsare belongingto theKhalifahrulersof Bahrainandwe have
neverbeenunder the ruleof anyetherRuler: theboundariesofZubaraare
from RasAshairij[Ra'sUshayriJa 1ndRabaijahandUm al Mai[UmmEl Ma]and
Na'maanandHalwanandLishaandMisaichah[Masarehah]andThagabto Ras
al Hiddeyyah[southofAlArish]andFraihat[AlFaraihah]to Zubaraand these
boundariesarethe propertyoftheKhalifahRulersof Bahrainfromthe oldest
timetilltoday."13
13. lmmediatelyaftertheattackonZubarah,the RulerofBahraininformedthe PoliticalAgent
thatZubarahincluded:Al Thagab,Fureiha[Al Faraihah],Ain Muhammed,Ummal
Sheweel[UmmAl Shuwyyl],AlZubarah,QalaUmmRear[Murair],AlRabaija[Al
14
Rubayqan],Halwan[Hulwan],Lisha,Masuchhi[Masarehah]and Al Maharaqa.
14. lnthecontextofthe 1944settlementnegotiationsbetweenBahrainandQatar,Capt.
Hickinbotham,the PoliticalAgent,proposedthatthehistoricalclaimsofthe AI-Khalifato
thefortsat thewellsofUmm ElMa,Al Naman,Al Lisha,Halwan[Hulwan],UmmSika
15
[Masarehah]andAl Furiha[Faraihah],aliringingtheZubaraharea,berecognised.
11
Ibid.
12
Ibid.
13 Letter from Charles Belgrave, Advisor to Govt. of Bahrain, to Capt. Hickinbotham, British Political Agent,
20 June 1937, BM, Ann. 130(a), Vol. 3, pp. 679 to 680.
14 Letter from Capt. Hickinbotham, British PoliticalLt.Col. Fowle, British Political Resident,
4 July 1937, BM, Ann. 141, Vol. 4, p. 701.
15 Capt. Hickinbotham's 1944 proposai for the settlement of the Zubarah dispute, February 1944, BM,
Ann. 166, Vol. 4, p.751, sent under cover of a letter to Ruler of Qatar, 8 February 1944, BM, Ann. 165,
Vol. 4, p. 749.Office of the Minister of State
PageS
15. lnNovember1946,the Rulerof Bahraindescribedhisancestralterritoriesandtheextent
ofBahrainilandtc theBritishPoliticalAgent,LieutenantColonelGalloway,as"theportof
Zubaraterritory,thehousesinZubaraand theLisha,andHalwan[Hulwan]and UmSaicha
[Masarehah]andUm-Aima[UmmElMa]andthemasquesandthegraveyardsandhis
freedomandthatofhis peopleontheseacoastfromAlArishtc UmAlma [UmmElMa]
16
andin the desertofthe landwithoutinterference."
16. ln March1948,theRulerof Bahrainagaindescribedhisterritoriesas includingthetownof
17
Zubarah,Lisha,UmmEl Ma,Rabaijah,FaraihahandHulwan.
17. lnJune' 1948,Mr.Ballantyne,advisertothe Bahrainicil concessionaireBAPCO,located
18
thesouthemboundaryof theZubarahareaat "Ommal Mai"(UmmEl Ma).
18. FormerZubarahresidentshaveattestedto theextentoftheZubarahregionoverwhichthe
Rulerof BahrainexercisedcontrolandwhichtheAI-Jabrbranchof the Naiminhabited.
TheyconfirmthattheZubarahregionincludestheareawithinthe limitsofAl Arish,Al
Thagab,Masarehah,Ummal Ghubbur,Al Na'man,AlMaharaqaandAl Judaydah. 19
19. Themapin Montigny-Kozlowska's studyEvolutiond'ungroupebédouindans unpays
producteurdepetrole:lesAl-Na'imde Qatardemonstratesthat theAI-Jabrwerethepre-
dominantbranchoftheNaimintheZubarahregion. 20
20. Bahrainsubmitsthatthe evidencealreadybeforetheCourtdemonstratesa continuous
andconsistentrecognitionof theterritorialextentoftheZubarahregionas describedin
paragraph1.
16 Note by Lt. Col. Galloway on his meeting with Ruler of Bahrain on 2 November 1946, BM, Ann. 182(a),
Vol. 4, p. 790.
17 Letter from Ruler of Bahrain to C.J. Pelly, British Political Agent, 2 March 1948, BM, Ann. 186, Vol.4,
p. 798.
18
Letter from Mr. Ballantyne (Adviser to BAPCO), to Charles Belgrave, Adviser to the Govt. of Bahrain,
2 June 1948, Ann. 188, Vop.802.
19 Statement of Mohammed bin Mohammed bin Theyab Al Naimi, BM, Ann. 233(a), Vol. 4, p. 1014 and
Statement of Saleh bin Muhammed Ali bin Al Naimi, BM, Ann. 234(a), Vol. 4, p. 1025.
20 A. Montigny-Kozlowska, Evolution d'un groupe bédouindans un pays producteur de pétrole: les Al
Naimde Qatar, (Paris, 1985 PhD thesis), p. 53, BM, Ann. 229, Vol. 4, p. 983.Office of the Minister of State
Page6
QUESTION2
Which baselines were used for the determination of the outer limits of the territorial
sea before the Parties extended the breadth of the territorial sea to 12 nautical miles
in 1992 and 1993, respectively? Are any maps or nautical charts available which
reflect these baselines and the outer limits of the territorial sea?
1. Likemanyotherstates,Bahrainhas notspecifiedbaselinesorthe co-ordinatesof
basepointsforthedeterminationof the limitsofits territorialsea. Norhas Bahrain
producedmapsor chartsthatindicatesuchbaselinesorbasepoints. Nevertheless,
Bahrainhasconsistentlymaintainedthat,inaccordancewithintemationallaw,its
basepointsareto be measuredfrom thelowwaterlineof itsislandsandthe lowtide
elevationswithintheseislands'territorialwaters. Bahrainplacedbeaconsandmarkerson
theseislandsandlowtideelevationsinthe 1930's. Bahrain'sbasepointsoppositethe
Qatar peninsulaare locatedonthe lowwaterUnesof Qit'atJaradah,FashtadDibal,Qita'a
el ErgeandFashtBuThur;multiplebasepointsare locatedonthelowwaterlinesof the
Hawar Islands,includingJanan.
2. SinceBahrain'slong-standingclaimto theZubarahregionis subjectto the Court's
jurisdiction, Bahrainhas specifiedbasepointsonthe coastoftheZubarahregionin these
proceedings.ln theeventthatthe Courtdeclinesto restoretheZubarahregionto Bahrain,
Bahrainwouldhaveto useadditiona_ i:>.?_SeQo onthe lowwater:lineof Qit'atash
Shajarahforthe measuremeiifof itsterritorialseain theareaoppositethe Zubarahregion,
as explainedinits oralargument. ·
3. Bahrainhasattachedto thisletter,at Annex3,a copyofits basepoints. FortheCourt's
reference,thesebasepointswereprovidedattab 115ofthe Bahrain'sJudge'sFolders. An
illustrationofthemaritimeboundaryclaimedbyBahrainin relationta Bahrain'sandQatar's
othermaritimeboundariesisattachedatAnnex4.
4. Bahrainhasusedthe abovebasepointsonitsislandsandthe low-tideelevationsin the
territorialseasofthoseislandsto measurethebreadthofits territorialsea. The Bahraini
coastguardpatrolsBahrain'sterritorialseatotheeastofthesebasepoints. 21
BAHRAIN'S COMMENTS ON QATAR'S RESPONSES TO JUDGE VERESHCHETIN'S
QUESTIONS
Pursuantto Article72 of the RulesoftheCourt,whichaffordsBahrainan opportunityto
commentuponQatar'swrittenreplytothe questionsposedbyJudgeVereshchetin,Bahrain
respectfullysubmitsthefollowingobservations.
Question 1: Treaty Relations of Bahrain and Qatar
1. On page2of Oatar'sresponseto thefirstquestion,Qatarcontendsthatthe 1868
undertakingbyMahomedbinSaneeof Guttershouldhavebeenincludedin thelist
providedbythe UnitedKingdomin 1971of treatiesestablishingspecialtreatyrelations
21 See BR, Ann. 24, Vol.p.148.Office of the Minister of State ;_ __,,JJJ 1J,__....J • ..<
.!JJ ' ''C
Page?
betweenthe UnitedKingdomand Qatar. Bahrainsubmitsthatthis argumentis
unsustainablein lightof theanalysisof the 1868agreementthat appearsinCR2000/22,
28June2000,pp.8-22. lndeed,the factthatBritaindidnotdo so confirmsthisanalysis.
Qatarisyet againtryingtoargueagainstfacts.
2. Thesecondparagraphofpage2 statesthatGreatBritain"consideredtheStateof Qatarto
beanindependentStatewiththecapacityto enterintointernationalagreements."Qatar
thenlistsa numberof treatiesthattheStateof Qatarentered"in its ownright''. Qatarfails
to mentionthatpriorto 1971,Qatar'srightto enterintointernationalagreementswas
subjectto, and limitedby,itsspecialtreatyrelationswith GreatBritain,aswereother
important sovereignrights,suchas therightto grantconcessionsover naturalresources.
ThiswastheessenceoftheJackof internationalpoliticalindependence.Thenatureand
effectofQatar'sspecialtreatyrelationswasfullyaddressedbyBahraininitsoral
pleadings.22
Question 2: The Meaning of "Bahrain and its Dependencies"
1. Qatar'sstatementinthefirstparagraphof section(a)of itscommentregardingthe"Official
denominationof theStateofBahrain"to theeffectthat"thisreferenceto 'dependenciesi's
not opposableto Qatar''isfactuallyandlegallyincorrect. Thenationaldenominationof
"Bahrainand itsDependencies"w , hichwas usedbyBritainandBahrainfordecadesprior
to 1971inofficialdocumentsincludingpassports,representedan unequivocalterritorial
description,withunmistakablereferencesto theHawarIslands,maritimefeaturesandthe
Zubarahregion. Thereisnorecordof any protestbyQatarofthese territorialimplications.
Qatarcannothavebeenunawareof theofficialnameof Bahrainas usedbyBritaininits
Exchangeof Noteswith Bahraindated15August1971oroftheimplicationsfor the Hawar
IslandsandZubarahof theuseof the name"Stateof Bahrainand its Dependencies",in
contrastto the referencetoQataras simply"theStateof Qatar''in the notesexchanged
betweenBritainandit on3 September1971. Regardmustbehad to the previoushistory
of Britain'sattituderegardingZubarahas weilastheHawarIslandsand, especiallyas to
the latter,to the BritishGovemment's1939Award.
2. Bahrainwishesto drawattentionto thefactthattheword"Dependencies"asusedinthe
Exchangeof Notesof 15August1971was spelledwitha capital"D" indicativethatthe
wordis partofthe officialnameof theStateof Bahrain,andnotmerelya geographical
descriptionas mighthavebeensuggestedif thewordwerenotintroducedbya capital
letter.
3. ln thesecondparagraphofpage2, Qataronceagainassertsthatthe treatiesof 1868,
1880and1892betweenBritainand Bahrain"wereenteredintoat the time of,or
subsequent to, Britain'sfirstrecognitionof Qatarasa separateentity".The assertionthat
Qatarwasrecognisedas aseparateentityfromBahrainin 1868is repeatedinparagraph
{c)of Qatar'scomments.
22
CR 2000/11 p. 25, paras. 37-42; p. 26, para. 42;CR 2000/13 pp. 50-66, paras. 2-128, CR 2000/21 p. 8,
paras. 4-5; pp. 9-12, paras. pp. 21-32, paras. 1-80; and CR 2000/22 p. 8, para. 3.Office of the Minister of State ..
" ''Sa
Page8
4. BahrainwillnotrepeatitsdetailedrefutationofQatar'simaginativenarrativeaboutthe
supposeddevelopmentofQatarasan"entity"thatappears inCR2000/22,28June2000,
pp.8-22,butwill merelyrecallthatthatanalysisexcludesany identificationof a separate
identity,inanymeaningfulsenseoftheward,called"Qatar"prierto mentionofit inthe
unratifiedAngle-OttomanTreatyof 1913.
5. Thestatementin the fourthparagraphonthesamepage (page2) of Qatar'scomments,
that "[s]ubsequently,officialBahrainidocumentswereheaded"GovemmentofBahrain'"',is
misleading.Thoughsornewereheadedinthisway,etherswereheaded"Stateof Bahrain
and itsDependencies".Forexample,passportsissuedby Bahrainfromthe late1950's
until1971wereheaded"Governmentof BahrainandDependencies".
6. ln thethirdparagraphof section(b), entitled"Meaningof the term"dependencies"",that
beginsonpage3 of Qatar'sresponse,Qatarstates:"The useofthewordinginthe 1913
BritishOrder-in-Council''whichmaybeincludedinthe Principality..." suggeststhat
referencewasbeingmadetopossiblefutureexpansionof thePrincipalityof Bahrain".
Bahrainsubmitsthat thisisa self-servingandincorrectinterpretationof thewords"which
may beincluded". lt is alsocounter-intutosuggestthat in relationto Bahrainalone
and noetherofthe territories,for whitwasresponsible,Britainlegislatedwithspecifie
referencetopossiblefutureterritorialexpansion.Thewords usedarethe standardway of
referringo,withoutlistingspecifically,areasthatareincludedin theterritoryof Bahrarn,
whetherbeforeor afterthedateof theOrder. $inceihewords preceding"otherterritories"
fullydescrib- anrairï'sislàndsândmaritimefeatures,the additionalreferenceto"ether
territories"bythedraftersoftheOrdermusthavebeenintendedto meanBahrain's
dependencieson the Qatarpeninsula.
7. Finally,asto theQatar'sreferenceonpage4 toLaithwaite'sdescriptionof Bahrainas a
"compact groupof five islands",the uninformedandhesitantnatureof Laithwaite'sviews
on theterritoriesof BahrainwasaddressedbyBahrainon 28 June2000(CR2000/21,pp.
36-37,paras.21-28). Laithwaite'sgeographiedescriptionwas manifestlyincorrect,was
not a legaldecisionand hasnobearingontheterritorialextentof Bahrain.
Accept,Sir,theassuranceof myhighestconsideration.
~~ _}~
'--JAWAD SAUMAL ARAYED ._
MINISTEROFSTATE
AGENTOFTHESTOFBAHRAINBEFOEHICJ Annex1
Ra'sRakan
:]
Ra's'Ush~yrij Annex2
Boundary Coorinates of the Zubarah Region
Location Name Latitude Longitude
1. Al Arish 26°03.15'N 051°03.30'E
2. AIThagab 26°02.00'N 051°05.10'E
3. Masarehah 25°57.30'N 051°06.00'E
4. Umm Al Ghubbur 25°53.80'N 051°04.55'E
5. Al Na'man 25°52.00'N 051°05.20'E
6. Um El Ma 25°49.00'N 050°59.20'E Annex 3
State of Bahrain Territorial Sea Basepoints
Approximate Territorial Sea Basepoints for the detennination of the Boundary between
Bahrain and Qatar to the nearest secondarcon Ainal Abd Datum (1970).
Northern Sector
Fasht ad Dibal
B 1. 26° 17'35"N 50° 57' 33"E
Southern Sector
Line 0 1- Y
Fasht ad Dibal
B2. 26° 16'41"N 50° 58' 44"E
B3. 26° 15'5I"N 50° 58' 45''E
B4. 26° 15'28'N 50° 58' 52"E
B5. 26° 13'08"N 50° 57' 02"E
Qit'at Jaradah
B6. 26° 1o·59'N 50° 54' 36"E
Zubarah
Y. 26° 03' 14'N 51° 03' JTE
B7. 26° 04' 58'N 51° 02' 02"E
88. 26°02' 36'N 51°01' l6"E
Line X- 25°30'N
Zubarah
X. 25°49' 12"N 50° 59' IO''E
B9. 25°49' 36'N 50° 57' 48''E
B1 O. 25°49' 59"N 50° 5T l6"E
Bll. 25° 52' 15"N 50° 56' 48"E
Qita'a el Erge
Bl2. 25°53' ITN 50° 50' 19"EFasht Bü Thür
813. 25° 49' 25"N 50° 46' 24"E
Ilawar Islands
814. 25° 45· 54"N 50°47' 31"E
815. 25° 44' 23"N 50° 49' 32"E
B16. 25° 41' 22"N 50° 48' 52"E
B17. 25° 40' 45"N 50° 49' 28"E
818. 25° 39' 17'N 50° 49' 2TE
819. 25° 3T 55"N 50° 49' 02"E
820. 25° 37' 23''N 50° 48' 16"E
821. 25° 36' 4l"N 50° 47' 1~n:
822. 25° 36' 24'N 50° 47' OI"E
823. 25° 35' 50'N 50° 45' 53"E
824. 25° 34' 48'N 50° 46' 02"E
B25. 25° 34' 04"N 50° 47' J9"E
826. 25° 33' 32'N 50° 48' 11''E
B27. 25° 32' 39MN 50° 48' 4TE
B28. 25° 33' 09"N 50° 44' 48'"E
829. 25° 32' 06'N 50° 44' 23"E Annex 4
Single Maritime Boundary Requested by Bahrain J!
,!
Bahrain's answers to the questions asked by Judges Parra-Aranguren and Kooijmans - Bahrain's comments on Qatar's answers to the questions asked by Judge Vereshchetin