INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
APPLICATION
ADDITIONAL TO THE APPLICATION INSTITUTING
PROCEEDINGS BROUGHT BY THE REPUBLIC OF
CAMEROON
FILED IN THE REGISTRY OF THE COURT
ON 29 MARCH 1994
[Translation]
I, the undersigned, duly authorized thereto by the Government of the Republic of Cameroon,
of which I am the Agent,
referring to the Application whereby the Republic of Cameroon, on 29 March 1994, instituted
proceedings before the Court with respect to the frontier and territorial dispute between the
Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and in particular to paragraph 20
of that Application,
have the honour to seise the Court of the present Additional Application, for the purpose of
extending the subject of the dispute to the dispute between the Republic of Cameroon and the
Federal Republic of Nigeria in the matter set forth below:
I. SUBJECT OF THE DISPUTE
1. This aspect of the dispute relates essentially to the question of sovereignty over a part of the
territory of Cameroon in the area of Lake Chad — located between the Cameroon-Nigeria
frontier and the Cameroon-Chad frontier and extending to around the middle of the remaining
waters — the Republic of Cameroon's title to which is contested by the Federal Republic of
Nigeria; and to the course of the boundary between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal
Republic of Nigeria, from Lake Chad to the sea. By its action, the Government of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria is once again contesting the long-established frontier between the two
countries, which has recently been defined in a multilateral context.
2. That contestation initially took the form of a massive introduction of Nigerian nationals
into the disputed area, followed by an introduction of Nigerian security forces, effected prior
to the official statement of its claim by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
quite recently, for the first time, in a Note dated 14 April 1994. It is a decision on the title to
that territory and sovereignty over it that the Court is respectfully requested to give at thesame time as its decision on the requests submitted by the Republic of Cameroon in its initial
Application dated 29 March 1994.
II. THE FACTS
3. Since the drying-up of a large part of the waters of Lake Chad, which is bordered by the
Republic of Cameroon, the Republic of Niger, the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the
Republic of Chad, certain Nigerian groups, mostly fishermen, have followed the receding
waters and penetrated into Cameroonian territory where the greater part of the remaining
waters of the lake are still to be found, and have settled there from 1987 onwards.
4. In accordance with their customary practice, the Nigerian security forces followed them
and have transformed the illegal presence of the Nigerian nationals in the territory of
Cameroon into a military occupation.
5. The first place in Cameroon to be occupied by the Nigerian groups with the subsequent
backing of the security forces was Darak, the first gendarmerie post, located approximately
30 kilometres inside the territory of Cameroon in the arrondissement of Hile-Alifa. At
present, the Nigerians are occupying some 20 or more places in Cameroon, including
Bachaka, Daba, Gore Kendi, Kamouna, Katekime, Katoram, Karakaya, Nakahir and Tchika,
all located in the département of Logone-Et-Chari (chief town Makari) in the Far North
Province of Cameroon, and have hoisted their flag in a number of those places.
6. This illegal and massive presence of Nigerian nationals which has been observed in various
other parts of the territory of Cameroon along the boundary between the two countries, and
more particularly in Baha (Cameroonian département of Mayo Tsanaga in the Far North
Province), Kontcha (in the Province of Adamaoua), Nwa (département of Donga-Mantum in
the North-West Province), and Akwaya (département of Manyu in the South-West Province),
has been a continuous source of concern to the Government of Cameroon which has, on a
number of occasions, made official protests in that regard.
7. The prolonged presence, in the Cameroonian part of Lake Chad, of the security forces of
the Federal Republic of Nigeria along with groups of civilian nationals of that country, and
the deployment of symbols of sovereignty of their State, further increased the anxiety of the
Government of Cameroon which once again, on 11 April 1994, in a Note addressed to His
Excellency the Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Yaoundé, raised a strong
official protest to the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria against the illegal
occupation of those parts of its territory — including the part located in Lake Chad — by
Nigerian nationals and military personnel, and clearly reasserted that those areas form an
integral part of the territory of the Republic of Cameroon.
8. It was in its reply to that official Note from the Republic of Cameroon that the Federal
Republic of Nigeria, to the great surprise of the Government of Cameroon, asserted, for the
first time, its claim to sovereignty over a part of Cameroonian territory in Lake Chad, in the
following terms:
"It is both unfortunate and unacceptable that Darak which has always been part and parcel of
Wulgo District of Ngala Local Government area of Borno State of Nigeria and which has
since time immemorial been administered as such is now being claimed as part of Cameroonterritory." (Note No. 73/114/Vol. VI/94, 14 April 1994 from the Embassy of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria, Yaoundé.) [See Annex 2, infra. [Note by the Registry.]]
9. The unexpectedness and the very recent presentation of this new aspect of the frontier and
territorial dispute constitute the justification of the present Application, which is additional to
the Application instituting proceedings that was filed in the Registry of the Court by the
Republic of Cameroon on 29 March 1994.
III. THE JURISDICTION OF THE COURT
10. The basis of the Court's jurisdiction has already been indicated in the Application
instituting proceedings filed by the Republic of Cameroon on 29 March 1994, to which the
Government of the Republic of Cameroon respectfully requests the Court to join the present
additional Application, and to examine the whole in a single case.
IV. THE LEGAL GROUNDS UPON WHICH THE
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON BASES ITS CASE
11. The Republic of Cameroon asserts that by taking the actions described in the above
account of the facts, the Federal Republic of Nigeria has breached its express obligations
under international law and has incurred international legal responsibility on account of its
unlawful activities, in particular its illegal occupation of the territory of a sovereign State. The
Federal Republic of Nigeria's claim to sovereignty over a parcel of territory of the Republic of
Cameroon in the area of Lake Chad is legally groundless. In bringing this new dispute before
the Court, the Republic of Cameroon wishes to advance, in that regard, the following
arguments which it intends to develop in its subsequent pleadings and oral argument.
A. Impairment of Cameroon's Sovereignty and Territorial
Integrity
12. The Republic of Cameroon maintains that its sovereignty over the disputed area is
supported by various legal and technical instruments dating from the colonial period or
subsequent to the independence of the two countries. These include:
• the Anglo-French Declaration defining the boundary between the British and French
Cameroons, approved by an Exchange of Notes between His Majesty's Government in
the United Kingdom and the Government of the French Republic, in London, dated 9
January 1931;
• the report of the Meeting of Experts relating to the determination of the co-ordinates
of the mouth of the river El-Beid (or Ebedji), held on 15 and 16 September 1988 in
N'Djaména (Republic of Chad), in the context of the work of the Lake Chad Basin
Commission (LCBC). This report was a response to the request addressed to the
Executive Secretary of the LCBC by the Commissioners during the extraordinary
session of the Commission devoted to the demarcation of boundaries in Lake Chad,
held in Maiduguri (Federal Republic of Nigeria) on 1 August 1988. The co-ordinates
of the mouth of the river El Beid, as defined by the experts, were approved by the
National Commissioners of the LCBC in their resolution No. 2 relating to the
demarcation of boundaries in Lake Chad, in the course of the 36th session of the LCBC, which took place in Maroua (Republic of Cameroon) from 1 to 2 December
1988. In the joint communiqué issued at the end of the Summit meeting held in
Yaoundé on 14 and 15 February 1990, the Heads of State of the member countries of
the Commission declared that there was no longer any frontier dispute in Lake Chad
and that the demarcation was being completed.
13. The section of the boundary between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic
of Nigeria in the disputed area located in Lake Chad is approximately 61,700.36 metres long.
In the light of the technical report of the experts from the member States of the LCBC, drawn
up on the basis of the indications provide by the 1931 Exchange of Notes, it runs in a straight
line from major beacon
"(tripoint Cameroon-Nigeria-Chad), type A, located at longitude 14°04'59"999 and at latitude
13°05'00"0001 to major beacon (bipoint Cameroon-Nigeria at the mouth of the river El-Beid),
type A, located at longitude 14°12'11"7005 and latitude 12°32'17"4013, following the
azimuth 186.4506° grad observed from the major beacon".
The 13 intermediate beacons which mark out this section of the frontier between the two
countries have in fact been set up in accordance with the recommendation of the member
States of the CBLT, and can be verified on the ground.
14. The demarcation of the whole of the frontiers in Lake Chad between the member States of
the LCBC, including the section of the frontier between the Republic of Cameroon and the
Federal Republic of Nigeria, was the subject of a comprehensive report (Boundary
Demarcation and Survey in the Lake Chad (1988-1990). Report of the Marking-Out of the
International Boundaries in Lake Chad between Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad)
submitted by IGN-France-International, and accepted and signed by the national experts of
the four countries together with the Executive Secretary of the LCBC, in N'Djaména
(Republic of Chad) on 14 February 1990.
15. The frontier between the Republic of Cameroon and the Federal Republic of Nigeria,
which was thus legally delimited by agreement between the former administering powers of
the two countries during the colonial period, and physically marked out on the ground after
independence, at a recent date, by the experts of the member States of the LCBC (including
those of the two Parties to the present dispute), locates the disputed area squarely within the
territory of Cameroon. The Federal Republic of Nigeria has never, in the past, contested
Cameroon's sovereignty over the area and has never denied that the parcel of territory in
question forms a part of the territory of the Republic of Cameroon. The Anglo-French
Declaration, approved by the 1931 Exchange of Notes between the United Kingdom and
France, had always been considered by the two Parties to the dispute as legally delimiting the
frontier between the two countries, even after their respective accessions to international
sovereignty. There can accordingly be no doubt that, by organizing the illegal occupation, by
its nationals and security forces, of a number of places in Cameroon located within the
disputed area, the Federal Republic of Nigeria has infringed and is infringing the sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cameroon.
B. Violation by the Federal Republic of Nigeria of Its
International Obligations16. The organization, by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, of the
occupation by its nationals and security forces of a part of Cameroonian territory in the area
of Lake Chad, and the subsequent claim by that Government that Nigeria has sovereignty over
the disputed area, together constitute a violation, by the Federal Republic of Nigeria, of its
international commitments and of its obligations under conventional international law, more
particularly Article 2, paragraph 4, of the Charter of the United Nations and Article 3,
paragraph 3, of the Charter of the Organization of African Unity. They likewise constitute a
violation of its obligations under customary international law. The Federal Republic of
Nigeria is likewise in breach of the principle of uti possidetis juris, as derived from resolution
AHG/Res.16(I) on respect for the frontiers inherited from colonization, accepted by legal
opinion and sanctioned by the international jurisprudence.
V. DECISION REQUESTED
17. On the basis of the foregoing statement of facts and legal grounds, and subject to the
reservations expressed in paragraph 20 of its Application of 29 March 1994, the Republic of
Cameroon asks the Court to adjudge and declare:
(a) that sovereignty over the disputed parcel in the area of Lake Chad is
Cameroonian, by virtue of international law, and that that parcel is an integral
part of the territory of Cameroon;
(b) that the Federal Republic of Nigeria has violated and is violating the
fundamental principle of respect for frontiers inherited from colonization (uti
possidetis juris), and its recent legal commitments concerning the demarcation
of frontiers in Lake Chad;
(c) that the Federal Republic of Nigeria, by occupying, with the support of its
security forces, parcels of Cameroonian territory in the area of Lake Chad, has
violated and is violating its obligations under treaty law and customary law;
(d) that in view of these legal obligations, mentioned above, the Federal
Republic of Nigeria has the express duty of effecting an immediate and
unconditional withdrawal of its troops from Cameroonian territory in the area
of Lake Chad;
(e) that the internationally unlawful acts referred to under (a), (b), (c) and (d)
above involve the responsibility of the Federal Republic of Nigeria;
(e') that consequently, and on account of the material and non-material damage
inflicted upon the Republic of Cameroon, reparation in an amount to be
determined by the Court is due from the Federal Republic of Nigeria to the
Republic of Cameroon, which reserves the introduction before the Court of
[proceedings for] a precise assessment of the damage caused by the Federal
Republic of Nigeria;
(f) that in view of the repeated incursions of Nigerian groups and armed forces
into Cameroonian territory, all along the frontier between the two countries,
the consequent grave and repeated incidents, and the vacillating and
contradictory attitude of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in regard to the legal instruments defining the frontier between the two countries and the exact
course of that frontier, the Republic of Cameroon respectfully asks the Court to
specify definitively the frontier between Cameroon and the Federal Republic
of Nigeria from Lake Chad to the sea.
18. The Agents and Co-Agents of the Republic of Cameroon are and remain
those duly designated by the Government of the Republic of Cameroon in its
Application of 29 March 1994. All communications relating to the case should
be addressed to the address given in paragraph 21 of that Application, namely
the Diplomatic Mission of the Republic of Cameroon, Amaliastraat 14, 2514
JC The Hague.
Respectfully,
(signed) Douala MOUTOME
Agent of the Republic of Cameroon
Minister of Justice,
Keeper of the Seals
__________
LIST OF ANNEXES
[With regard to the maps, even though some have been reduced for reproduction, in general
they have been photographed as filed. The large-format maps have been placed in a pocket at
the end of the present publication and have received a numbering — a ringed arabic numeral
has been added in the upper left-hand corner of each map — to which the appropriate annex
refers. [Note by the Registry.]
1. Letter of Protest from the Republic of Cameroon (No. 77/CF/DIPL/D1/SDAF/AO,
dated 11 April 1994.
2. Note No. 73/114/Vol.VI/94, dated 14 April 1994, from the Embassy of the Federal
Republic of Nigeria, Yaoundé.
3. Declaration and Exchange of Notes between the United Kingdom and France, dated 9
January 1931.
4. Report of the Meeting of Experts relating to the Technical Investigation Aimed at
Determining the Mouth of the River Ebeji in Lake Chad (Bipoint between Nigeria and
Cameroon), held on 15 and 16 September 1988 at N'Djamena, Chad.)
5. Record of the Marking-Out of the International Boundaries in Lake Chad between
Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad, done at N'Djamena , Chad, on 14 February 1990.
6. Map of Cameroon to a scale of 1:200,000, — Kousséri, — ND-33-III, Centre
géographique national, Yaoundé, 1976. 7. Sketch-map of the part of Cameroonian territory under Nigerian occupation.
__________
Annex 1
Letter of Protest from the Republic of Cameroon
No. 77/CF/DIPL/D1/SDAF/AO, Dated 11 April 1994
The Ministry of External Relations of the Republic of Cameroon presents its compliments, to
the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in Yaoundé, and has the honour to draw the
attention of the Embassy to the following.
Nigerian nationals have occupied the Cameroonian locality known as Kontcha (Faro and Deo
Division) in the Adamawoua Province of Cameroon. The Cameroonian authorities have
observed that in the past, Nigerian military occupation of Cameroonian territory generally
followed the illegal occupation of parts of her territory by Nigerian citizens. The Nigerian
military occupation of Darak and parts of the Bakassi Peninsula are cases in point.
By this Note, the Cameroon Government reaffirms in very clear terms that Kontcha is part
and parcel of Cameroon territory and vigorously protests against the illegal occupation of
parts of Cameroon territory by Nigerian nationals and military. Furthermore, the Cameroon
Government invites the appropriate Nigerian authorities to recall those Nigerians illegally
occupying Kontcha and desist from all acts that seek to occupy parts of Cameroon territory.
The Ministry of External Relations requests the Embassy to convey this protest Note to the
appropriate Nigerian authorities and in return communicate to the Ministry, the reaction of the
said authorities.
The Ministry of External Relations of the Republic of Cameroon thanks the Embassy of the
Federal Republic of Nigeria in Yaoundé for its kind co-operation on this matter, and avails
itself of this opportunity to renew to the Embassy, the assurances of its highest consideration.
Yaoundé, 11th April 1994.
The Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria,
Yaoundé
___________
Annex 2 Note No. 73/114/Vol.VI/94, 14 April 1994, from the Embassy
of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Yaoundé
The Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria presents its compliments to the Ministry of
External Relations of the Republic of Cameroon and has the honour to acknowledge the
receipt on 12th April, 1994 of Note Verbale No. 77/CF/DIPL/D1/SDAF/AO dated 8th April,
1994.
The Nigerian Government fully recognises Kontcha as clearly within Cameroonian Territory
and lays no claims to it whatsoever. If indeed Nigerian nationals have illegally occupied that
locality, it is entirely without the knowledge, encouragement or support of the Government of
Nigeria. There is therefore no question of the Nigerian Authorities recalling the said Nigerian
nationals since it did not send them to Kontcha.
Nigeria recognises that Kontcha is within the sovereign right of the Republic of Cameroon to
apply her relevant laws within her territory on immigrants or visitors from other countries
who have not met legal entry requirements. The Federal Government however rejects the
insinuation that there is a pattern to the alleged occupation of Cameroonian territory by
Nigerian nationals as a prelude to Military occupation.
It is both unfortunate and unacceptable that Darak which has always been part and parcel of
Wulgo District of Ngala Local Government area of Borno State of Nigeria and which has
since time immemorial been administered as such, is now being claimed as part of Cameroon
territory.
As regards the Bakassi Peninsula, the Cameroonian Authorities are perfectly aware that the
dispute over its ownership is now resolved therefore, it is absolutely inappropriate to use it
illustratively as in the specific case of Kontcha.
The Embassy of the Federal Republic of Nigeria seizes this opportunity to renew the
assurances of its highest consideration to the Ministry of External Relations of the Republic of
Cameroon.
Yaoundé, 14th April 1994.
Ministry of External Relations of the Republic of Cameroon,
Yaoundé
__________
Annex 3
Declaration and Exchange of Notes
between the United Kingdom and France,
dated 9 January 1931
(Treaty Series No. 34 (1931) [Cmd. 3936]) Exchange of Notes between His Majesty's Government in
the United Kingdom and the French Government respecting the
Boundary between British and French Cameroons
No. 1
M. DE FLEURIAU TO MR. A. HENDERSON
[Translation]
French Embassy,
London, January 9, 1931
Monsieur le Secrétaire d'État,
I have the honour to transmit to your Excellency herewith the text of a Declaration [See p.
96.] signed recently by the High Commissioner of the French mandated area of the
Cameroons and the Governor of the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. It relates to the
frontier between our respective spheres of the mandated territory of the Cameroons.
Your Excellency will no doubt have received the text of the same Declaration and will
certainly have observed that it concerns a preliminary survey only. This is intended to
describe the line to be followed by the Delimitation Commission, more exactly than was done
in the Milner-Simon Declaration of 1919.
However, the first Declaration mentioned above does in substance define the frontier in
question, and the Government of the Republic has the honour to confirm by the present note
the implicit acceptance of the Declaration. If it is similarly confirmed by His Majesty's
Government in the United Kingdom, the definitive delimitation can be undertaken by the
commission provided for in Article 1 of the Mandate.
Accept, etc.
A. de FLEURIAU
__________ No. 2
MR. A. HENDERSON TO M. DE FLEURIAU
Foreign Office,
January 9, 1931
Your Excellency,
I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's note of to-day's date on the
subject of the delimitation of the boundary between the British and French spheres of the
mandated territory of the Cameroons, and to inform you that His Majesty's Government in the
United Kingdom have, as you surmised, received from the Governor of the Colony and
Protectorate of Nigeria the text of the Declaration recently signed by the High Commissioner
of the French Republic in the French mandated area of the Cameroons and himself.
2. His Majesty's Government agree that this Declaration is, as you point out, not the product
of a boundary commission constituted for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of Article
1 of the Mandate, but only the result of a preliminary survey conducted in order to determine
more exactly than was done in the Milner-Simon Declaration of 1919 the line ultimately to be
followed by the boundary commission; that, none the less, the Declaration does in substance
define the frontier; and that it is therefore desirable that the agreement embodied therein shall
be confirmed by the two Governments in order that the actual delimitation of the boundary
may then be entrusted to a boundary commission, appointed for the purpose in accordance
with the provisions of Article 1 of the Mandate.
3. His Majesty's Government note that the French Government by their note under reference
confirm, for their part, the agreement embodied in the Declaration; and I have the honour in
reply to inform your Excellency hereby that His Majesty's Government similarly confirm this
agreement.
4. His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom accordingly concur with the French
Government that the actual delimitation can now be entrusted to the boundary commission
envisaged for this purpose by Article 1 of the Mandate.
I have, etc.
Arthur HENDERSON
__________
No. 3
DECLARATION MADE BY THE GOVERNOR OF
THE COLONY AND PROTECTORATE OF NIGERIA AND THE GOVERNOR OF THE FRENCH CAMEROONS DEFINING THE
BOUNDARY BETWEEN BRITISH AND FRENCH CAMEROONS
The undersigned:
Sir Graeme Thomson, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., Governor of the Colony and
Protectorate of Nigeria,
Paul Marchand, Governor of the French Cameroons,
have agreed to determine the frontier, separating the territories of the Cameroons placed
respectively under the authority of the British and French Governments, as is traced on the
map [See, in the pocket at the end of the present publication, map 8. [Note by the Registry.]]
annexed to this declaration and defined in the description also annexed hereto.
The boundary starts from the junction of the three old British, French and German boundaries
at a point in Lake Chad 13º05' latitude north and approximately 14º05' longitude east of
Greenwich. From there the boundary has been determined as follows:
(2) On a straight line as far as the mouth of the Ebeji.
(3) Thence from this mouth along the course of the River Ebeji, which bears on the upper part
the names of Lewejil, Labejed, Ngalarem, Lebeit et Ngada, as far as the confluence of the
Rivers Kalia and Lebaiit.
(4) Thence from the confluence of the Rivers Ngada, Kalia and Labaiit along the course of the
Rivers Kalia or Ame as far as its confluence with the River Dorma or Kutelaha (Koutelaha).
(5) Thence from the confluence of the Rivers Kalia and Dorma or Kutelaha along the course
of this last river as far as a point to the south of the village of Segage where it meets a marsh
stretching towards the south.
(6) Thence by a line through the middle of this marsh to where it meets the road from Segage
towards a marsh named Sale.
(7) Thence following the road to a point about a kilometre and a half to the north of the said
marsh.
(8) Thence passing about a kilometre and half to the west of the marsh as far as a point about
a kilometre and a half to the south of the marsh on the road leading to the village of
Gourgouron.
(9) Thence following this road to a point situated about 2 kilometres to the north-east of the
village of Gourgouron and passing through a marsh nearly a kilometre to the north of this
village to a point situated about 2 kilometres to the west on the Gourgouron-Ferfarti road,
leaving the villages of Sale, Mada and Gourgouron to France.(10) Thence following this road and meeting a number of waterholes (shown on Moisel's map
under the name of Amjumba) to a point situated about a kilometre from the village of Ferfarti
and entering a marsh situated 500 metres to the north of this village which is still assigned to
France.
(11) Thence turning to the west, south-west and south as far as the bed of a defined river and
following the bed of this river in a south-westerly direction to a large marsh named Umm
Jumba (Amjumba), leaving the villages of Galadima Jidda, Abu Kharaza and Ulba to
England.
(12) Thence following a line through the middle of this marsh, passing the bed of a small
stream which is frequently lost in the marsh, as far as a water-hole named Diguilaba and a
confluence with another line of marsh running more to the south in the direction of Wasa
rock.
(13) Thence going on and meeting the bed of a better defined stream crossing the marsh of
Kulujia and Kodo as far as a marsh named Agzabame.
(14) Thence crossing this marsh where it reaches a river passing quite close to the village of
Limanti (Limani) to a confluence at about 2 kilometres to the north-west of this village.
(15) Thence following the Limanti-Wabisei (Uagisa) road as far as a brook situated about a
kilometre to the east of Wabisei and passing through the middle of the villages of Bangimami
and Imchide, and leaving the village of Djarandioua to France.
(16) Thence following this brook as far as a marsh situated about 3 kilometre to the west of
Wabisei.
(17) Thence crossing this marsh to a point where it meets the River Kolofata and following
this river as far as its confluence with the River Gwanje or Keraua.
(18) Thence following the Keraua as far as its confluence in the mountains with a river
coming from the west and known by the "Kirdis" inhabiting the mountains under the name of
Kohom (shown on Moisel's map under the name of Gatagule), cutting into two parts the
village of Keraua and separating the two villages of Ishigashiya.
(19) Thence it runs from this confluence as far as the top of Mount Ngosi in a south-westerly
direction given by the course of the Kohom (Gatagule) which is taken as the natural boundary
from its confluence as far as its source in Mount Ngosi; the villages of Matagum and Hijie
being left to France, and the sections of Uledde and of Laherre situated to the north of the
Kohom to England; those of Tchidoui (Hiduwe) situated to the south of Kohom to France.
(20) Thence on a line in a south-westerly direction following the tops of the mountain range
of Ngosi, leaving to France the parts of Ngosi situated on the eastern slopes, and to England
the parts situated on the western slopes, to a point situated between the source of the River
Zimunkara and the source of the River Devurua; the watershed so defined also leaves the
village of Bugelta to England and the village of Turu to France.
(21) Thence in a south-south-westerly direction, leaving the village of Dile on the British side,
the village of Libam on the French side to the hill of Matakam.(22) Thence running due west to a point to the south of the village of Wisik where it turns to
the south on a line running along the watershed and passing by Mabas on the French side,
after which it leaves Wula on the English side running south and bounded by cultivated land
to the east of the line of the watershed.
(23) Thence passing Humunsi on the French side the boundary lies between the mountains of
Jel and Kamale Mogode on the French side and sunning along the watershed.
(24) Thence passing Humsiki, including the farmlands of the valley to the west of the village
on the French side, the boundary crosses Mount Kuli.
(25) Thence running due south between Mukta (British) and Muti (French) the incorrect line
of the watershed shown by Moisel on his map being adhered to, leaving Bourha and Dihi on
the French side, Madogoba Gamdira on the British, Bugela or Bukula, Madoudji,
Kadanahanga on the French, Ouda, Tua and Tsambourga on the British side,
and Buka on the
French side.
(26) Thence the boundary runs through Mount Mulikia (named also Lourougoua).
(27) Thence from the top of Mount Mulikia to the source of the Tsikakiri, leaving Kotcha to
Britain and Dumo to France and following a line marked by four provisional landmarks
erected in September 1920 by Messrs. Vereker and Pition.
(28) Thence along the course of the Tsikakiri, as it exists in reality and not as it is shown on
Moisel's map, to its confluence with the River Tiel.
(29) Thence the course of the Mayo Tiel as far as its confluence with the Benue.
(30) Thence along the course of the Benue upstream as far as its confluence with the Faro.
(31) Thence along the course of the Faro as far as the mouth of its branch, the Mao Hesso,
situated about 4 kilometres south of Chikito.
(32) Thence along the course of the Mao Hesso as far as landmark No. 6 of the old British-
German frontier.
(33) Thence a line starting from Beacon 6, passing Beacon 7, finishing at the old Beacon 8.
(34) Thence from this mark 8 placed on the left bank of the Mao Youwai, a small stream
flowing from the west and emptying itself into the Mayo Faro, in a straight line running
towards the south-west and reaching the summit of Wamni Range, a very prominent peak to
the north of a chain of mountains extending towards the Alantika Mountains, and situated to
the east of the old frontier mark No. 10.
(35) Thence the frontier follows the watershed from the Mao Wari to the west and from the
Mao Faro to the east, where it rejoins the Alantika Range, it follows the line of the watershed
of the Benue to the north-west and of the Faro to the south-east as far as the south peak of the
Alantika Mountains to a point 2 kilometres to the north of the source of the River Mali.(36) Thence from this peak by the River Sassiri, leaving Kobi to France and Kobi Leinde to
Great Britain, Tebou and Tscho to France, as far as the confluence with the first stream
coming from the Balakossa Range (this confluence touches the Kobodji Mapeo Track), from
this stream towards the south, leaving Uro Belo to Great Britain and Nanaoua to France.
(37) Thence the boundary rejoins the old boundary about Lapao in French territory, following
the line of the watershed of the Balakossa range as far as a point situated to the west of the
source of the Labidje or Kadam River, which flows into the River Deo, and from the River
Sampee flowing into the River Baleo to the north-west.
(38) Thence from this point along the line of the watershed between the River Baleo and the
River Noumberou along the crest of the Tschapeu Range, to a point 2 kilometres to the north
of Namberu, turning by this village, which is in Nigeria, going up a valley north-east and then
south-east, which crosses the Banglang range about a kilometre to the south of the source of
the Kordo River.
(39) Thence from this point on a straight line running towards the confluence of the Rivers
Ngomba and Deo until the line meets the River Kolob.
(40) Thence along a line parallel to the Bare Fort Lamy Track and 2 kilometres to the west of
this track, which remains in French territory.
(41) Thence a line parallel to and distant 2 kilometres to the west from this road (which is
approximately that marked Faulborn, January 1908, on Moisel's map) to a point on the Maio
Tipsal (Tiba, Tibsat or Tussa on Moisel's map) 2 kilometres to the south-west of the point at
which the road crosses said Maio Tipsal.
(42) Thence the course of the Maio Tipsal upstream to its confluence with the Maio Mafu,
flowing from the west, to a point some 12 kilometres to the south-west of Kwancha town.
(43) Thence a straight line running south-west to the highest peak of the Hosere Jongbi
(Dutschi-n-Djombi of Moisel's map).
(44) Thence the watershed between the basins of the Maio Taraba on the west and the Maio
Deo on the east to the second from the north of the four peaks of the Hosere Bakari Be
(Dutschi-n-Bertua on Moisel's map). These four peaks run from north to south parallel to and
about 3 kilometres to west of the road from Bare to Fort Lamy.
(45) From this second peak issues the Maio Tapare which, flowing east to the Maio Deo,
forms the boundary between the Districts of Kwancha and Dodeo.
This peak is the source of the Maio Tapare, and is 2 miles due west of the Maio Tapare Rest-
house. This line leaves the villages of Mafou and Kounti in French Territory.
(46) Thence following the watershed between the Maio Tapare (and its affluents) and the
Maio Deo (and its affluents) along, successively, the two remaining peaks of the Hosere
Bakari Be (running from north to south), the three peaks of the Hosere N'Yamboli, the two
peaks of the Hosere Maio Baji, Hosere Lainga. These three little groups of Hosere
N'Yamboli, Hosere Maio Baji and Hosere Lainga run south-west and form the Bapai range.
Behind the Bapai range is the Sapbe Kauyel, which is in British Territory.(47) Thence across the saddle connecting the Bapai range and the imposing Genderu
Mountains. From this saddle the frontier climbs to the first prominent peak in the Genderu
Mountains (known as Hosere Jauro Gotel or as Hosere Jagam), thence along the remaining
three peaks of Hosere Jauro Gotel (or Hosere Jagam), thence along the four peaks of Hosere
Sangoji to Sapbe M'Bailaji. These last three groups of hills constitute part of the watershed
between the Maio Taraba and the Maio Yin.
(48) Thence to Hosere Lowul, which is well over 2 kilometres from the Kwancha-Banyo main
road. This peak (Hosere Lowul) lies on a magnetic bearing of 296 from the apex of the
Genderu Pass on the above-mentioned main road. From this apex, which is distant 3½ miles
from Genderu Rest-house, and which lies between a peak of Hosere M'Bailaji (to the west)
and a smaller hill, known as Hosere Burutol, to the east, Hosere M'Bailaji has a magnetic
bearing of 45 and Hosere Burutol one of 185.
(49) Thence a line, crossing the Maio Yin at a point some 4 kilometres to the west of the
figure 1,200 (denoting height in metres of a low conical hill) on Moisel's map E 2, to a
prominent conical peak, Hosere Gulungel, at the foot of which (in French Territory) is a
spring impregnated with potash, which is well-known to all cattle-owners in the vicinity. This
Hosere Gulungel has a magnetic bearing of 228 from the point (5 miles from Genderu Rest-
house, which is known locally as "Kampani Massa" on the main Kwancha-Banyo road where
it (Hosere Gulungel) first comes into view. From this same point the magnetic bearing to
Hosere Lowul is 11. The Salt lick of Banare lies in British Territory.
(50) This peak, Hosere Gulungel, is the first of six forming the little chain of the Hosere
Golurde (not "Gorulde" as on Moisel's map E. 2). The frontier runs along these six Golurde
peaks, thence to a little isolated peak (Hosere Bolsumri) leaving the Bolsumri potash spring
on the British side. The magnetic bearings from Maio Lelewal (otherwise known as Yakuba)
Rest-house are: to Rosere Gulungel 356, to the sixth peak of Hosere Golurde chain 323, and
to Hosere Bolsumri 302. Hosere Bolsumri, the nearest peak on the frontier to the Kwancha-
Banyo road, is over 2 kilometres from this road.
(51) Thence along the chain of hills known as Hosere N'Getti, which form the watershed
between the Maio Gangan and the Maio Yin (and Taraba), and which ends in a high flat peak
on a magnetic bearing of 248 from Maio Lelewal (or Yakuba) Rest-house.
(52) Thence a line over a high plateau, crowded with mountain-tops, forming the watershed
between the Maio Gangan to the west (British) and the Maio Dupbe to east (French) and the
Maio Banyo to west (French). These two last-named rivers flow into the Maio M'Bamti. The
whole of this line is entirely uninhabited for fully 5 miles on either side, and it extends for
some 13 or 14 miles in length. It is, moreover, impassable at the very height of the rains. It
lies on a very lofty and desolate plateau, and, starting first in a southerly direction, swings to
the south-west as it winds among a sea of mountain-tops forming in succession the groups
known locally as Hosere N'Yamn'Yeri, Sapbe Bnokni, Sapbe Pelmali, Sapbe Wade, Sapbe
Gallal and Sapbe Sirgu.
(53) Sapbe Sirgu, known to the local Pagans as "Yajin", and called loosely "Gotel Berge" on
Moisel's map E. 2, is the last part of the watershed between Maio Gangan and Maio Banyo.
The Banyo-Gashaka-Ibi road climbs steeply up this Sapbe Sirgu and cuts the Frontier at the
apex of the pass 6 miles to the north-west of the Gandua Rest-house (the last rest-house on
this road in French Territory).(54) Thence to a point at the south-west end of the Sapbe Sirgu, 2 kilometres to the north of
the letter "i" in the word "Tukobi" on Moisel's map E. 2. This point is on the common
watershed between the three sets of head-waters of the Maio Gashaka (British), the Maio
Donga (or Kari), British, and also of the Maio Teram (French).
(55) Thence a line running, generally, due south, to cross the Banyo-Kuma road 2 miles to
west of the 1,630 metres hill on Moisel's map E. 2.
(56) Thence the Frontier swings to the east, following the watershed between the Maio Donga
(or Kari) and the Maio Taram, thence to the south-east, among the Hosere N'Tem. Leaving
the Sabri Potash spring in the Gashaka District in British Territory. Thence south-south-west
through, successively, the crests of the Hosere N'Dangani, Hosere Kewal, Hosere Wajuru, and
the Hosere Bangaro, which last lie to the west-north-west of the Pagan village of Bangaro, to
a point on a saddle which connects the more westerly of the two parallel ridges forming the
Hosere Bangaro with the higher Sapbe Ma (still further to the west). This saddle forms the
watershed between the source of the Mai N'Gum (French), which later joins the Maio Teram
6 miles south of Banyo Town, and the source of the Maio Kemme, which is one of the head-
waters of the Maio Donga. The Maio Kemme was traced for 6 miles from its source as it
flowed east towards the large Pagan village of Kabri. The above-mentioned saddle is 4 miles
from Bangaro village, and is on the Banyo-Kabri path. Thus the prominent rocky bluff,
Hosere Tongbau, lies entirely in French territory.
(57) From this saddle the Frontier follows the watershed to a prominent peak, the second of
the Sapbe Ma group of mountains. This peak is on a magnetic bearing of 215 from the above-
mentioned point where the Banyo-Kabri path cuts the watershed between the Maio N'Gum
(French) and the Maio Kemme (British).
(58) Thence the watershed runs generally south-west along, in succession, the peaks of the
Sapbe Ma, the Hosere Jin (in front of which range is a very prominent, detached, fang-like,
rocky peak — also called Jin — visible for many miles from the north, east and south, which
is entirely in French Territory), the Hosere Maio Dalle and the Hosere Gesumi. In front of,
and parallel to, the Hosere Gesumi is the chain of the less lofty Hosere Ribao. These Hosere
Ribao are close to, and overlook, the Ribao Rest-house (the third rest-house from Banyo) and
are wholly in French Territory.
(59) Thence the Frontier continues amongst the peaks of the Hosere Gerumi, following the
watershed between the head-waters of the Maio Donga to the north, and the Maio Kwi
(French) to the south, and the Maio Mabe (French) to the south. These head-waters of the
latter two (French) rivers emerge from between the Hosere Chemo, the Hosere Lu, the Hosere
Atta and the Hosere Songkorong, which, in succession, form the foothills to the loftier
Gesumi range behind them to the north-west north of Songkorong village, which is on the
Banyo-Kumbo-Bamenda road, these Hosere Gesumi are called by the local Pagans Hosere
Hambere.
(60) Thence the Frontier follows the watershed amongst these Hosere Hambere (or Gesumi)
to the north of the sources of the Maio Kombe, Maio Gur and Maio Malam to a fairly
prominent, pointed peak which lies on a magnetic bearing of 17º from a cairn of stones, 8 feet
high, erected on the 15th September, 1920, on the south side of the above Banyo-Kumbo-
Bamenda road at a point 1 mile from N'Yorong Rest-camp and 8½ miles from Songkorong
village.(61) From this peak in the Hosere Hambere (or Gesumi), which is situated just to the east of
the visible source of the Maio M'Fi (or Baban), the Frontier follows the watershed, visible all
the way from the Cairn, between the Maio Malam to east (French) and the Maio M'Fi (or
Baban) to west (British), till it cuts the Banyo-Kumbo-Bamenda road at the Cairn. This Cairn
is immediately under the highest peak of the Hosere Nangban, which is shown on Moisel's
map F. 2 as Hosere Jadji, but Jadji is really the name of the Pagan head of N'Yorong village.
(62) Thence the Frontier ascends this highest peak of Hosere Nangban, following the
watershed between the Maio Monchar and the Maio Nimaju, which are both to the east and
which both flow into the Maio Malam (French), and a series of little burns on the west which
flow into the Maio M'Fi (or Baban), British.
(63) Thence the Frontier, following this watershed up and over this highest peak of the Hosere
Nangban to its far, or south-west side, at once strikes the source of the Maio Mafu.
(64) Thence the Frontier is formed by the median line of the Maio Mafu, going downstream,
to its confluence with the Maio Mabe (or N'Sang). This confluence also marks the end of the
Frontier between Yola Province (Kwancha Division) and the circumscription of N'Gaundere.
(65) Thence the median line of the Maio Mabe going upstream to its confluence with the
River Nketitup.
(66) Thence the course of the River Nketitup upstream to its source at the foot of Mount
Batfang (Banso) or Kouetnana (Bamun).
(67) Thence a line south-westwards to the ravine situated at the head of the pass separating
the two peaks of Mount Batfang (Banso) or Kouetnana (Bamun).
(68) Thence a line south-south-eastwards to the westernmost point of Lake Keban (Banso) or
Tamfi (Bamun) so as to leave this lake entirely to France.
(69) Thence a line southwards to the summit of Mount Fanangan.
(70) Thence a line south-south-westwards to the foot of Mount Bantiwan so as to leave this
hill entirely to Great Britain.
(71) Thence a line south-westwards to the summit of Mount Ngori.
(72) Thence a line westwards passing through the centre to the western edge of the salt spring
called by the Bansos Lip and by the Bamuns You.
(73) Thence a line west-south-westwards to the sudden bend towards the south in the River
Mbui (Banso) or Mvi (Bamun), which is shown on Moisel's map and is situated at the exact
point where this river enters the plain from between the mountains of Zemboui to the south
and Njamjom (Banso) or Mveng (Bamun) to the north.
(74) Thence the River Mbui or Mvi upstream to its confluence with the River Molier (Banso)
or Nkou (Bamun).(75) Thence the River Molier (Banso) upstream to a point 200 yards below the ford on the
path between the villages of Koubokam and Koutopi so as to leave the Bamun village and
plateau of Koubokam to France and the area called by the Bansos Mbokum to Great Britain.
(76) Thence a line parallel to the Koubokam-Koutopi path on its northern side until the stream
Moinum (Banso) or Ketchouperin (Bamun) is reached, thus leaving the Koubokam-Koutopi
path wholly in French territory.
(77) Thence the stream Ketchouperin or Moinun until its junction with the River Moinun
(Banso and Bamun) or Upper Nun.
(78) Thence the Moinun to its junction with the River Nun.
(79) Thence the River Nun to its junction with the River Ngwanonsia or Chawnga or Chawga.
(80) Thence the River Ngwanonsia upstream to the point where it is crossed by the Nkwefu-
Bambalang Road.
(81) Thence a line westwards through the swamp to the northern extremity of the Island of
Nkwefu (an elder of the Bagam village of Fombefu).
(82) Thence a line westwards through the swamp to the point where the Fombefu-Nkwefu
path cuts the River Ta or Tantam.
(83) Thence the River Tantam upstream to its confluence with the River Sefu or Mekango.
(84) Thence the River Sefu upstream to its source.
(85) Thence a line south-westwards to the apex of the large isolated rock called Ngoma
Fominyam.
(86) Thence a line southwards to the source of the River Webinga near point 1300 in Moisel's
map and to the east of it.
(87) Thence the River Webinga to its confluence with the Mbonso (Bali-Bagam) or Momogo
(Bagam).
(88) Thence the River Mbonso to its confluence with the River Mifi.
(89) Thence the River Mifi upstream to its confluence with the River Mogo or Dochi.
(90) Thence the River Mogo upstream to its confluence with the stream Dugum (Bali-Bagam)
or Mousete-Fontchili (Bagam), which is slightly above where the Bagam-Bali-Bagam road
crosses the River Mogo.
(91) Thence the stream Dugum to its source which is marked by a cairn of stones on the
eastern side of Mount Ngenkoa (Bali-Bagam) or Koungo (Bagam).
(92) Thence a line to a cairn of stones at the top of the defile between Mount Ngenkoa in the
south and Mount Tabira (Bali-Bagam) or Koumenou (Bagam) in the north.(93) Thence a line to the bend in the River Bingwa (Bali-Bagam) or Seporo (Bagam), about
60 yards from the above-mentioned cairn.
(94) Thence the River Bingwa to its confluence with the River Mifi.
(95) Thence the River Mifi upstream to its confluence with the River Kongwong.
(96) Thence the River Kongwong upstream to its junction with the River Tooloo or Ntoulou.
(97) Thence the River Tooloo to a cairn at the top of the waterfall about 1 kilometre above the
confluence of the Rivers Tooloo and Kongwong.
(98) Thence a straight line on a magnetic bearing of 130º to the summit of a circular peak
immediately to the north of the defile Zemembi, through which passes the Babadju-Bapinyi
path.
(99) Thence the line of heights overlooking to the east the vale of Babdju and to the west the
valley of the Meso to the peak Asimi, where this line of heights ends.
(100) Thence a straight line to the centre of the marsh shown on Moisel's map as Mbetscho
and called Kifi by the natives of Babinyi, and Tchinbintcho by those of Babadju.
(101) Thence the crest of the watershed between the Cross River on the west and the River
Noun on the east to a beacon in the centre of a small area of forest named Mepong about 400
Metres south-east of Mount Lekonkwe or Etchemtankou on the crest of the watershed.
(102) Thence the stream Tantchempong, which has its source about 25 metres south-west of
the above-mentioned beacon, to its confluence with the stream Mintchemecharlee.
(103) Thence the stream Mintchemecharlee upstream to the point where it most nearly
reaches two small rocks named Tolezet which mark the boundary between the villages of
Fossong Elelen and Fongo Tongo on the road between those villages.
(104) Thence a line passing through the two rocks named Tolezet to the source of the stream
Monchenjemaw or Montchi Zemo.
(105) Thence this stream to its confluence with the stream Munchisemor or Montchi Zemoua,
which has its source about 50 metres west of the largest of the three rocks called
Melogomalee or Melegomele.
(106) Thence the stream Munchisemor to its source.
(107) Thence a line passing through the centre of the largest of the three rocks called
Melogomalee to the source of the stream Monchita or Montchi Monie, about 100 metres
south-south-east of the above-named rock.
(108) Thence the stream Monchita to its confluence with the River Bamig.
(109) Thence the River Bamig upstream to its source on a forest-covered hill called Nkenchop
(the point where the River Bamig crosses the Dschang-Fontem Road is marked by a beacon).(110) Thence a line through the crest of the hill Nkenchop to the crest of a forest-covered hill
called Siambi.
(111) Thence a straight line to a beacon placed on the watershed at a point known as
Ntchoumgomo.
(112) Thence a line following the crest of the watershed between the Cross River on the west
and the River Nkam on the east through the summits of Mounts Ngome and Jomen to the
summit of Mount Wenmen.
(113) Thence a straight line running south-south-west to join the River Ngwe.
(114) Thence the River Ngwe for a distance of 3 kilometres to its affluent, the stream Liplo.
(115) Thence the stream Liplo to a point 500 metres west of the Moangekam-Lo track.
(116) Thence a line running parallel with this track and 500 metres west of it, until this line
reaches the crest of Mount Njimba.
(117) Thence a line along the crest of Mount Njimba to its summit, which lies to the west of
the French village of Moangekam.
(118) Thence a line through the summit of Mount Ngokela to the plain of Elung, leaving the
Muanya compound of Nyan in British territory.
(119) Thence a track cut across the plain and marked with posts so as to leave the village of
Nyan in British territory and the village of Po-Wassum in French territory, until this track
reaches the stream Edidio.
(120) Thence this stream until it is crossed by the Poala-Muangel track.
(121) Thence a line running south-south-west along the summit of Mount Manenguba to the
ridge surrounding the basin of the lakes.
(122) Thence a curved line along the eastward side of the ridge until the point where the
Muandon-Poala track crosses the ridge.
(123) Thence the Muandon-Poala track in a westerly direction down the slopes of Mount
Hahin and Mount Ebouye until it reaches the River Mbe.
(124) Thence the River Mbe which runs parallel with Mount Mueba, until a line of cairns and
posts is reached.
(125) Thence this line of cairns and posts, which marks the boundary between the French
villages of Muaminam (Grand Chef Nsasso) and the English villages of the Bakossi tribe
(District Head Ntoko) and the Ninong tribe (district Head Makege), to the point where an
unnamed tributary from the North joins the River Eko.
(126) Thence a line touching the two westernmost points of the boundary of the former
German plantation of Ngoll to the crest of Mount Elesiang.(127) Thence along the crest of Mount Elesiang to the northern-most point of the tobacco
plantation of Nkolankote.
(128) Thence a line running south-south-west along Mount Endon, so as to leave the
plantation of Nkolankote in French territory and the plantation of Essosung in British
territory, to the summit of Mount Coupe.
(129) Thence a straight line running south-south-west to a cairn of stones on the Lum-Ngab
Road at a point 6,930 metres along this road from the railway track.
(130) Thence a straight line in a south-westerly direction to the source of the River Bubu.
(131) Thence the River Bubu to a point 1,200 metres downstream from a place called
Muanjong Farm.
(132) Thence in a straight line in a westerly direction to the source of the River Ediminjo.
(133) Thence the River Ediminjo to its confluence with the River Mungo.
(134) Thence the River Mungo to the point in its mouth where it meets the parallel 4º 2' 3"
north.
(135) Thence this parallel of latitude westwards so as to reach the coast south of Tauben
Island.
(136) Thence a line following the coast, passing south of Reiher Island to Mokola Creek, thus
leaving the whole of the Moewe See in British territory.
(137) Thence a line following the eastern banks of the Mokola, Mbakwele, Njubanan-Jau, and
Matumal creeks, and cutting the mouths of the Mbossa-Bombe, Mikanje, Tende, Victoria and
other unnamed creeks to the junction of Matumal and Victoria creeks.
(138) Thence a line running 35º west of true south to the Atlantic Ocean.
GRAEME THOMSON Governor of
the Colony and Protectorate of
Nigeria.
MARCHAND Gouverneur,
Commissaire de la République
française au Cameroun.
__________
Annex 4 Report of the Meeting of Experts Relating to the Technical Investigation
Aimed at Determining the Mouth of the River Ebeji in Lake Chad (Bipoint
between Nigeria and Cameroon), Held on 15 and 16 September 1988 at
N'Djamena, Chad
[Translation by the Registry]
Object
During the extraordinary meeting of the Lake Chad Basin Commission (LCBC) that was
devoted to the demarcation of boundaries and held in Maiduguri on 1 and 2 August 1988, the
Commissioners asked the Executive Secretary of the LCBC to arrange for a meeting of
national experts of which the principal object would be to make precise recommendations to
the Commissioners on the bipoint between Nigeria and Cameroon.
2. Technical Investigation into the Location of the Bipoint
In accordance with the decision of the Commissioners, the experts from the Member States of
the LCBC met at the Headquarters of the Commission in N'Djamena on 15 and 16 September
1988, in order to discuss the problem.
2.1. Those present were:
Cameroon
1. Nchamukong Sama
Daniel 2. Nchottou Issofa
3. Tam Lambert
Niger
1. Mahaman Laminou
2. Kangou Malam Tata
Nigeria
1. B. A. Lala
2. J. O. Okafor
3. A. Y. NganjiwaChad
1. Nokour Chouguy
2. Beramgoto Dimanche
3. Asngar Nandinguingar
Executive Secretariat
1. Rabilou Loulou
2. Lawan Gana Guba
3. Nanadoumgar Erica
(Mrs.)
2.2. Documents utilized:
(a) Treaty Series, No. 34 (1931): Exchange of Notes between His Majesty's
Government in the United Kingdom and the French Government, respecting
the boundary between British and French Cameroons, London, 9 January 1931.
(b) Map drawn to illustrate the Anglo-French Declaration defining the
boundary of Cameroon (1:1,000,000) (attached).
2.3. Definition
"... The boundary starts from the junction of the three old British, French and
German boundaries at a point in Lake Chad 13º 5' latitude north and
approximately 14º 05' longitude east of Greenwich. From there the boundary
has been determined as follows:
(2) as far as the mouth of the Ebeji . . ."
2.4. Methodology
The experts proceeded to the establishment, to scale, of the mouth of the river Ebeji (El-Beid)
as shown on the map appended to the Treaty, (see para. 2.2. (b) above). The geographical
values thus obtained are:
Longitude: 14º 12' 11.7" E, Latitude: 12º 32' 17.4" N.
These values are considered to be the most probable geographical co-ordinates of the mouth
of the river Ebeji (El-Beid) as it was in 1931.
These co-ordinates are different from those claimed by Cameroon (longitude: 14º 11' 48" E;
latitude: 12º 31' 20" N) and Nigeria (longitude: 14º 13' 22" E; latitude: 12º 31' 12" N). These
different claims seem to have resulted from the division of the river (Ebeji) into two channels,as it approaches the lake. The three above-mentioned sets of values were marked on the
CBLT/LCBC map, 1978 edition, to a scale of 1 : 50,000 (Nigeria and Cameroon) Chad-
Wulgo S/W Kousseri, because those two channels are very clearly marked on the map 20
times larger than the one appended to the Treaty (annexed).
3. Observations
The experts pointed out that:
(a) The scale used for the map appended to the Treaty is too small.
(b) The map used is a photocopy and not the original.
4. Recommendation
The Committee of Experts recommends that the values:
longitude: 14º 12' 11.7 E; latitude: 12º 32' 17.4 N
obtained by plotting on the map appended to the 1931 Treaty, should be adopted as the mouth
of the river Ebeji (El-Beid) at the time in question.
We hope that this recommendation will assist the Commissioners in arriving at an acceptable
solution to this problem.
Done in N'Djamena, on 20 September 1988.
Cameroon Niger Nigeria Chad
(Signed) (Signed) (Signed) (Signed)
Nchamukong Sama Daniel Mahaman Laminou B. A. Lala Nokour Chouguy
__________
Annex 5
Boundary Demarcation and Survey in Lake Chad, 1988-1990 Report on the Marking-Out of the International Boundaries in Lake Chad
Between Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad
[Map]
[Translation by the Registry]
We the undersigned,
experts from the Member States of the CBLT/LCBC (Cameroon, Niger,
Nigeria and Chad), duly designated by our States to supervise and monitor the
work on the demarcation of our boundaries in accordance with resolution No. 2
adopted by our Governments at their Sixth Summit Meeting held in
N'Djamena on 28 and 29 October 1987,
on the one hand,
and IGN - France International (IGN-FI), holder of contract No.
CBLT/M02/88, approved on 26 May 1988, for the delimitation of the
boundaries between the territories of Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria and Chad,
on the other,
have proceeded, from 13 June 1988 to 12 February 1990, to effect the
delimitation and marking-out of the said boundaries and submit to the approval
of the respective Governments the following description of the boundaries that
we marked out.
[Sketch of Beacons]
Chapter I. General Considerations
1.1. Nature of the workThe work consisted of a faithful reconstitution, on the ground, of the indications defining the
course of the inter-State boundaries, as given in the agreements, treaties, exchanges of notes,
conventions and maps currently in force.
1.2. Course of the boundary
The boundary line is drawn as a straight line from one beacon to another, and marked out on
the ground by major beacons linked to each other by intermediate beacons, erected every 5
kilometres or so.
Seven major beacons have been set up at the points defined in the texts and maps in force.
Sixty-eight intermediate beacons have been strung out along the traverse for traverses I-II, I-
VII, II-V and III-VI, and follow the curve of the geographical parallel for traverses I-IV and
II-III.
1.3. Numbering of beacons
The major beacons are identified by initials designating the riparian countries and by numbers
in Roman figures, as follows:
CA : CAMEROON
NG : NIGER
NI : NIGERIA
TC : CHAD
I : tripoint Chad-Nigeria-Niger
II : tripoint Cameroon-Nigeria-Chad
III : bipoint Cameroon-Chad in the lake
IV : bipoint Nigeria-Niger at the mouth of the Komadougou-Yobé
V : bipoint Nigeria-Cameroon at the mouth of the El-Beid (or Ebeji)
VI : bipoint Cameroon-Chad at the mouth of the Chari
VII : bipoint Chad-Niger.
Intermediate beacons are identified by the initials of the riparian countries, the numbers of the
two major beacons marking the end of the line, and their own number on the traverse in
Arabic figures beginning at the major beacon which has the smallest number. As an example,
the first beacon on traverse I-II is numbered: NI/TC I-II-1
1.4. Types of beacons
As indicated on the above sketch, two groups of beacons have been set up on the ground, i.e.
major beacons and intermediate beacons.
1.4.1. Major beacons Two types: A: Major beacons on dry land
B: Major beacons in the water
Type A: Beacons of reinforced concrete, formed of an obelisk 3 metres high with a platform
measuring 1.80 metres on each side, and a foundation whose section is a square plane
measuring 0.8 metres along the side and having a depth of 2 metres. Beacons of this type were
set up to mark the locations of points I, II, IV, V, VI and VII.
Type B: A cylindrical concrete beacon 1.20 metres in diameter, enclosed in a metallic casing
and surmounted by a steel pipe 2 metres high and 0.15 metres in diameter. It is held in place
by four steel pipes driven as far as possible into the ground. One has been set up in water at
point III.
1.4.2. Intermediate beacons
Three types: C: Intermediate beacons on dry land.
D: Intermediate beacons in areas liable to flooding.
E: Intermediate beacons in flooded areas with vegetation.
Type C: These beacons are of concrete, in the form of a cylinder 1 metre high and with a
diameter of 0.5 metres, surmounted by a steel pipe 2 metres high and 0.10 metres in diameter
and with a foundation 2 metres deep, whose section is a square plane measuring 0.8 metres
along each side.
Type D: These are beacons whose external shape is the same as that of type B beacons but
with a diameter of 0.8 metres, while the foundation is replaced by four pipes driven into the
ground.
Type E: Identical to type D, but with a diameter of 0.5 metres.
1.5. Implantation of the beacons
The steps in this operation were as follows:
• provisional basic network: establishment, observation and compensation;
• major sites: observation of GPS stations and implantation of beacons;
• intermediate points: observation of GPS stations and implantation of beacons.
1.5.1. Determination of a provisional basic network
As the implantations had to be effected in the ADOS system [ADOS: African Doppler Survey
(Ellipsoid: a=6378 145m and e² =0.00669454185).], a basic network was established to
include three ADOS points and seven new GPS (Global Positioning System) stations in the
vicinity of the major frontier points.
Observation of the basic networkThis network was determined with the help of SERCEL single frequency GPS receivers, by
the double-difference method. The provisional stations were observed by groups of four
stations, each group having one or two stations in common with the one preceding it: [ADOS
Cameroon, VPRO, IIIPRO, VIPRO] [VPRO, IIIPRO, IIPRO, IPRO] [IPRO, IVPRO,
VIIPRO, ADOS Niger] [ADOS Niger, IPRO, IIPRO, ADOS Nigeria].
Each group of stations was observed during two or three sessions corresponding to three
hours of total observation. Each session consisted of simultaneous observations from 5
Navstar satellites whose geometry was such that the value of the GDOP (Geometric Dilution
of Precision) was less than 10. The sampling of measurements was at 15-second intervals.
The minimum elevation of each satellite was 10 degrees.
Marking out of the basic network
This network was marked out by tubes 5 cm in diameter, driven into the ground. Reference
tubes were implanted and linked together.
Calculation of the basic network
The observations were processed by a programme of the SERCEL Co. which enables one to
calculate the differences between tri-dimensional co-ordinates of points in the WGS84
reference system.
The whole of these results was processed using the least squares system. For this network,
two calculations were effected: one fixing one ADOS point and freeing the nine other points,
the other fixing the three ADOS points.
1.5.2. Implantation of the 7 major beacons
The GPS stations
These were positioned with the help of GPS TRIMBLE "TANS" navigation receivers, in the
immediate proximity of the datum of the beacons, and then observed with the help of
SERCEL geodesic receivers.
The provisional stations for beacons II and VII had been placed a few dozen metres away
from the datums, while point IV was on the site of an old pipe marking the boundary point.
Accordingly, those beacons could be set up at once.
The provisional stations of beacons I, III, V and VI were located a few kilometres away from
the datums, so the next step was to implant new GPS stations a few dozen metres away from
the datums of the beacons.
Beacons I, II, IV and VII were set up during the 1988 mission, and III, V and VI were set up
early in 1989, as the agreements between the riparian countries to define the co-ordinates of
points V and VI and the procedure for setting up beacon III in water, did not come into effect
until December 1988.
Implantation of the beaconsThis was done by measuring angles and distances from the GPS station in each site.
An auxiliary linking station was generally used, in order to verify the implantation by a
triangle. The orientation was effected by measurements taken on the sun or the pole star.
1.5.3. Implantation of the 68 intermediate points
The GPS stations
These were positioned and observed in the same way as for the major stations.
In order to maintain precision, the longest boundary lines were divided into sections. GPS
stations were initially determined every three or four points between two major beacons, and
then served as supports for the GPS stations of the remaining points.
In certain cases, beacons scheduled for construction in the vicinity of the support points were
determined on lines branching out from those points.
N.B. As the site of major point II remained inaccessible during the determination of boundary
lines II-III and II-V, alternative solutions were adopted, based on other support points.
Implantation of the beacons
This was identical to the implantation of the major beacons.
Chapter II. Nigeria-Chad Boundary in Lake Chad
This section of the boundary has been reconstituted on the ground in accordance with the
indications given in:
(1) the Agreement between the United Kingdom and France on the
delimitation of the boundaries between the British and French possessions to
the east of the Niger, that was signed in London on 19 February 1910 (Ar
t. 1,
last four paragraphs);
(2) the Exchange of Notes between His Majesty's Government in the United
Kingdom and the French Government, respecting the boundary between the
British and French zones of the Mandated Territory of the Cameroons, effected
in London on 9 January 1931.
This section of the boundary, which is 84,578.75 metres long, runs in a straight line between
major beacon I (tripoint Niger-Nigeria-Chad), type A, located at longitude 13º 38' 00"1717
and latitude 13º 42' 29"3748, and major beacon II (tripoint Cameroon-Chad-Nigeria), type A,
located at longitude 14º 04' 59"9999 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0001, following the azimuth
160.8486 grad observed from major beacon I.
Between the two major beacons I and II, 18 intermediate beacons were set up:Beacon I-II-1, type C, located at longitude 13º 39' 17"5209 and latitude 13º 40' 42"2964, is to
be found at a distance of 4,028.76 metres and an azimuth of 160.8488 grad from major beacon
I.
Beacon I-II-2, type D, located at longitude 13º 40' 29"5020 and latitude 13º 39' 02"6224, is to
be found at a distance of 7,778.79 metres and an azimuth of 160.8484 grad from major beacon
I.
Beacon I-II-3, type D, located at longitude 13º 42' 03"5306 and latitude 13º 36' 52"3737, is to
be found at a distance of 12,678.79 metres and an azimuth of 160.8483 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-4, type D, located at longitude 13º 43' 29"8141 and latitude 13º 34' 52"8027, is to
be found at a distance of 17,176.66 metres and an azimuth of 160.8488 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-5, type D, located at longitude 13º 44' 49"1597 and latitude 13º 33' 02"8158, is to
be found at a distance of 21,313.80 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-6, type D, located at longitude 13º 45' 58"6609 and latitude 13º 31' 26"4383, is to
be found at a distance of 24,938.71 metres and an azimuth of 160.8489 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-7, type D, located at longitude 13º 47' 23"7749 and latitude 13º 29' 28"3830, is to
be found at a distance of 29,378.79 metres and an azimuth of 160.8488 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-8, type C, located at longitude 13º 48' 59"5933 and latitude 13º 27' 15"4310, is to
be found at a distance of 34,378.75 metres and an azimuth of 160.8487 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-9, type C, located at longitude 13º 50' 08"5666 and latitude 13º 25' 39"6984, is to
be found at a distance of 37,978.77 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-10, type C, located at longitude 13º 51' 13"6886 and latitude 13º 24' 09"2759, is
to be found at a distance of 41,378.79 metres and an azimuth of 160.8488 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-11, type D, located at longitude 13º 52' 36"0384 and latitude 13º 22' 14"9182, is
to be found at a distance of 45,678.78 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-12, type D, located at longitude 13º 54' 11"7612 and latitude 13º 20' 01"9331, is
to be found at a distance of 50,678.71 metres and an azimuth of 160.8485 grad from major
beacon I. Beacon I-II-13, type C, located at longitude 13º 55' 35"9737 and latitude 13º 18' 04"8914, is
to be found at a distance of 55,078.81 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-14, type C, located at longitude 13º 57' 02"0761 and latitude 13º 16' 05"1851, is
to be found at a distance of 59,578.80 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-15, type C, located at longitude 13º 58' 37"7172 and latitude 13º 13' 52"1684, is
to be found at a distance of 64,578.78 metres and an azimuth of 160.8487 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-16, type C, located at longitude 14º 00' 13"3309 and latitude 13º 11' 39"1422, is
to be found at a distance of 69,578.76 metres and an azimuth of 160.8487 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-17, type C, located at longitude 14º 01' 50"6356 and latitude 13º 09' 23"7142, is
to be found at a distance of 74,668.65 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-II-18, type C, located at longitude 14º 03' 27"3392 and latitude 13º 07' 09"0649, is
to be found at a distance of 79,728.80 metres and an azimuth of 160.8486 grad from major
beacon I.
TRAVERSE I-II
ADOS UTM (Adindan) Following point Beaco
y
p
e
Longitude Latitude E: N: Azimuth Distance Azim u
A 13º 38' 00"1717 13º 42' 29"3748 352217.274 1515660.577 160.8486 4028.76 175
C 13º 39' 17"5209 13º 40' 42"2964 354522.738 1512357.284 160.8536 3750.04 79
D 13º 40' 29"5020 13º 39' 02"6224 356668.740 1509282.653 160.8591 4900.00 254
D 13º 42' 03"5306 13º 36' 52"3737 359472.834 1505265.238 160.8677 4497.87 260
D 13º 43' 29"8141 13º 34' 52"8027 362046.729 1501577.516 160.8721 4137.15 63
D 13º 44' 49"1597 13º 33' 02"8158 364414.317 1498185.671 160.8803 3624.91 249
D 13º 45' 58"6609 13º 31' 26"4383 366488.670 1495213.751 160.8829 4440.08 61D 13º 47' 23"7749 13º 29' 28"3830 369029.661 1491573.656 160.8892 4999.96 61
C 13º 48' 59"5933 13º 27' 15"4310 371891.077 1487474.619 160.8953 3600.03 63
C 13º 50' 08"5666 13º 25' 39"6984 373951.380 1484523.338 160.9039 3400.01 261
C 13º 51' 13"6886 13º 24' 09"2759 375897.069 1481735.949 160.9035 4300.00 60
D 13º 52' 36"0384 13º 22' 14"9182 378358.081 1478210.987 160.9114 4999.93 261
D 13º 54' 11"7612 13º 20' 01"9331 381219.577 1474112.219 160.9197 4400.10 261
C 13º 55' 35"9737 13º 18' 04"8914 383737.728 1470505.171 160.9250 4500.00 260
C 13º 57' 02"0761 13º 16' 05"1851 386313.106 1466816.313 160.9313 4999.98 265
C 13º 58' 37"7172 13º 13' 52"1684 389174.637 1462717.650 160.9374 4999.98 65
C 14º 00' 13"3309 13º 11' 39"1422 392036.234 1458619.076 160.9436 5089.89 29
C 14º 01' 50"6356 13º 09' 23"7142 394949.347 1454446.891 160.9519 5060.15 259
C 14º 03' 27"3392 13º 07' 09"0649 397845.368 1450299.085 160.9580 4849.95 49
A 14º 04' 59"9999 13º 05' 00"0001 400621.157 1446323.665 150
Chapter III. Niger-Nigeria Boundary in Lake Chad
This section of the boundary has been reconstituted in accordance with the indications given
in the Agreement between the United Kingdom and France on the delimitation of the
boundaries between the British and French possessions to the east of the Niger, that was
signed in London on 19 February 1910 (Art. 1, last seven paragraphs).
This section of the boundary, which is 26,700 metres long, follows the geographical parallel
of latitude 13° 42' 29"37 between major beacon I (tripoint Chad-Niger-Nigeria), type A,
located at longitude 13° 38' 00"1717 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3748 and major beacon IV
(bipoint Niger-Nigeria), Type A, located at longitude 13° 23' 11"5654 and latitude 13° 42'
29"3726.
N.B.: A telegraph pole marking the mouth of the Komadougou-Yobé was found to be in place
and was verified before being replaced by the above-mentioned beacon IV.
Between the two major beacons I and IV, six intermediate beacons were set up:
Beacon I-IV-1, type D, located at longitude 13° 35' 36"8109 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3753, is
to be found at a distance of 4,307.58 metres and an azimuth of 300.0063 grad from major
beacon I.Beacon I-IV-2, type D, located at longitude 13° 33' 16"3109 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3744, is
to be found at a distance of 8,529.18 metres and an azimuth of 300.0107 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-IV-3, type D, located at longitude 13° 31' 34"7960 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3707, is
to be found at a distance of 11,579.39 metres and an azimuth of 300.0137 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-IV-4, type C, located at longitude 13° 29' 38"9772 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3728, is
to be found at a distance of 15,059.40 metres and an azimuth of 300.0183 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-IV-5, type C, located at longitude 13° 27' 46"0642 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3745, is
to be found at a distance of 18,452.09 metres and an azimuth of 300.0226 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-IV-6, type C, located at longitude 13° 25' 56"9403 and latitude 13° 42' 29"3763, is
to be found at a distance of 21,730.93 metres and an azimuth of 300.0267 grad from major
beacon I.
TRAVERSE I-IV
T ADOS UTM (Adin
p
Beacon e Longitude Latitude E:
POINT I A 13º 38' 00"1717 13º 42' 29"3748 352217.274
I-IV-1 D 13º 35' 36"8109 13º 42' 29"3753 347910.327
I-IV-2 D 13º 33' 16"3109 13º 42' 29"3744 343689.262
I-IV-3 D 13º 31' 34"7960 13º 42' 29"3707 340639.392
I-IV-4 C 13º 29' 38"9772 13º 42' 29"3728 337159.741
I-IV-5 C 13º 27' 46"0642 13º 42' 29"3745 333767.347
I-IV-6 C 13º 25' 56"9403 13º 42' 29"3763 330488.752
POINT IV A 13º 23' 11"5654 13º 42' 29"3726 325520.031
Chapter IV. Niger-Chad Boundary in Lake ChadThis section of the boundary has been reconstituted in accordance with the indications given
in:
(1) the Agreement between the United Kingdom and France on the
delimitation of the boundaries between the British and French possessions to
the east of the Niger, that was signed in London in 19 February 1910 (Ar
t. 1,
last four paragraphs), with respect to the definition of tripoint I (Niger-Nigeria-
Chad);
(2) the Minutes signed on 2 March 1988 by Chad and Niger concerning the
position of double point VII between Chad and Niger.
This section of the boundary, which is 80,320.82 metres long, runs in a straight line between
major beacon I (tripoint Niger-Nigeria-Chad), type A, located at longitude 13º 38' 00"1717
and latitude 13º 42' 29"3748, and major beacon VII (bipoint Chad-Niger), type A, located at
longitude 13º 28' 11"9988 and latitude 14º 24' 58"9992 following the geographical azimuth
385.9208 grad observed from major beacon I.
Between these two major beacons I and VII, 19 intermediate beacons were set up:
Beacon I-VII-1, type D, located at longitude 13º 37' 20"9945 and latitude 13º 45' 19"6934, is
to be found at a distance of 5,365.09 metres and an azimuth of 385.9199 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-2, type D, located at longitude 13º 36' 45"3171 and latitude 13º 47' 54"7658, is
to be found at a distance of 10,249.87 metres and an azimuth of 385.9212 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-3, type D, located at longitude 13º 36' 06"2189 and latitude 13º 50' 44"6065, is
to be found at a distance of 15,599.99 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-4, type D, located at longitude 13º 35' 34"0544 and latitude 13º 53' 04"2825, is
to be found at a distance of 19,999.93 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-5, type D, located at longitude 13º 35' 10"6511 and latitude 13º 54' 45"8677, is
to be found at a distance of 23,200.03 metres and an azimuth of 385.9206 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-5B, type D, located at longitude 13º 34' 45"2707 and latitude 13º 56' 36"0150, is
to be found at a distance of 26,669.87 metres and an azimuth of 385.9205 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-6, type D, located at longitude 13º 34' 19"8167 and latitude 13º 58' 26"4897, is
to be found at a distance of 30,149.99 metres and an azimuth of 385.9210 grad from major
beacon I.Beacon I-VII-6B, type D, located at longitude 13º 33' 56"7256 and latitude 14º 00' 06"6394, is
located at a distance of 33,304.95 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major beacon
I.
Beacon I-VII-7, type D, located at longitude 13º 33' 37"3648 and latitude 14º 01' 30"6026, is
to be found at a distance of 35,950.00 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-7B, type D, located at longitude 13º 33' 07"0493 and latitude 14º 03' 42"0185, is
to be found at a distance of 40,090.00 metres and an azimuth of 385.9206 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-8, type D, located at longitude 13º 32' 50"7941 and latitude 14º 04' 52"4834, is
to be found at a distance of 42,309.85 metres and an azimuth of 385.9206 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-9, type C, located at longitude 13º 32' 25"8196 and latitude 14º 06' 40"7317, is
to be found at a distance of 45,720.00 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-10, type C, located at longitude 13º 32' 02"1915 and latitude 14º 08' 23"0991, is
to be found at a distance of 48,944.93 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-10B, type C, located at longitude 13º 31' 40"1308 and latitude 14º 09' 58"6424,
is to be found at a distance of 51,954.93 metres and an azimuth of 385.9207 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-11, type C, located at longitude 13º 31' 17"7733 and latitude 14º 11' 35"4578, is
to be found at a distance of 55,005.01 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-12, type C, located at longitude 13º 30' 39"5830 and latitude 14º 14' 20"8348, is
to be found at a distance of 60,215.03 metres and an azimuth of 385.9212 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-13, type C, located at longitude 13º 30' 03"2261 and latitude 14º 16' 58"1128, is
to be found at a distance of 65,170.12 metres and an azimuth of 385.9209 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-14, type C, located at longitude 13º 29' 27"7089 and latitude 14º 19' 31"7345, is
to be found at a distance of 70,010.02 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I.
Beacon I-VII-15, type C, located at longitude 13º 28' 49"6602 and latitude 14º 22' 16"2357, is
to be found at a distance of 75,192.76 metres and an azimuth of 385.9208 grad from major
beacon I. TRAVERSE I-VII
T ADOS UTM (Adindan)
y
Beacon e Longitude Latitude E N
POINT I A 13°38'00"1717 13°42'29"3748 352217.274 15156
I-VII-1 D 13°37'20"9945 13°45'19"6934 351070.163 15209
I-VII-2 D 13°36'45"3171 13°47'54"7658 350026.017 15256
I-VII-3 D 13°36'06"2189 13°50'44"6065 348882.283 15308
I-VII-4 D 13°35'34"0544 13°53'04"2825 347941.799 15351
I-VII-5 D 13°35'10"6511 13°54'45"8677 347257.727 15383
I-VII-5B D 13°34'45"2707 13°56'36"0150 346516.093 15417
I-VII-6 D 13°34'19"8167 13°58'26"4897 345772.553 15451
I-VII-6B D 13°33'56"7256 14°00'06"6394 345098.235 15481
I-VII-7 D 13°33'37"3648 14°01'30"6026 344533.005 15507
I-VII-7B D 13°33'07"0493 14°03'42"0185 343648.232 15548
I-VII-8 D 13°32'50"7941 14°04'52"4834 343173.960 15569
I-VII-9 C 13°32'25"8196 14°06'40"7317 342445.480 15603
I-VII-10 C 13°32'02"1915 14°08'23"0991 341756.484 15634
I-VII-10B C 13°31'40"1308 14°09'58"6424 341113.380 15664
I-VII-11 C 13°31'17"7733 14°11'35"4578 340461.810 15693
I-VII-12 C 13°30'39"5830 14°14'20"8348 339349.265 15744
I-VII-13 C 13°30'03"2261 14°16'58"1128 338290.620 15793
I-VII-14 C 13°29'27"7089 14°19'31"7345 337256.914 15840
I-VII-15 C 13°28'49"6602 14°22'16"2357 336150.057 15891
POINT VII A 13°28'11"9988 14°24'58"9992 335055.008 15941Chapter V. Cameroon-Chad Boundary in Lake Chad
This boundary, which consists of two sections, has been reconstituted in accordance with the
indications given in
(1) the Convention to specify the boundaries between the Cameroons and the
French Congo, signed in Berlin on 18 April 1908 (Art. 1, para. K);
(2) the report of the national experts drawn up in Maroua, Cameroon and dated
1 December 1988, which defined the geographical co-ordinates of the mouth
of the Chari in Lake Chad. These co-ordinates were approved by the
Commissioners in their resolution No. 3 relating to the demarcation of the
boundaries in Lake Chad, during the 36th Session of the Lake Chad Basin
Commission meeting in Maroua, Cameroon, from 1 to 2 December 1988;
(3) the Exchange of notes between His Majesty's Government of the United
Kingdom and the French Government respecting the boundary between the
British and French zones of the Mandated Territory of the Cameroons, that was
signed in London and dated 9 January 1931.
5.1. First Section
The first section, which is 41,571.86 metres long, follows the geographical parallel 13º05'
between major beacon II (tripoint Cameroon-Nigeria-Chad), type A, located at longitude 14º
04' 59"9999 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0001 and major beacon III (bipoint Chad-Cameroon in
the lake), type B, located at longitude 14º 27' 59"9964 and latitude 13º 04' 59"9974.
Between the two major beacons, 9 intermediate beacons were set up:
Beacon II-III-1, type C, located at longitude 14º 07' 45"9184 and latitude 13º 04' 59"9995, is
to be found at a distance of 4,998.23 metres and an azimuth of 99.9944 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-2, type E, located at longitude 14º 10' 28"0102 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0012, is
to be found at a distance of 9,881.18 metres and an azimuth of 99.9883 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-2B, type E, located at longitude 14º 12' 18"8583 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0020, is
to be found at a distance of 13,220.43 metres and an azimuth of 99.9844 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-3, type E, located at longitude 14º 15' 01"3736 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0040, is
to be found at a distance of 18,116.14 metres and an azimuth of 99.9786 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-4, type E, located at longitude 14º 17' 25"8674 and latitude 13º 04' 59"9972, is
to be found at a distance of 22,468.96 metres and an azimuth of 99.9743 grad from major
beacon II.Beacon II-III-5, type D, located at longitude 14º 19' 47"8410 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0006, is
to be found at a distance of 26,745.86 metres and an azimuth of 99.9690 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-6, type D, located at longitude 14º 21' 53"2834 and latitude 13º 04' 59"9855, is
to be found at a distance of 30,524.77 metres and an azimuth of 99.9656 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-7, type D, located at longitude 14º 23' 04"3023 and latitude 13º 04' 59"9995, is
to be found at a distance of 32,664.19 metres and an azimuth of 99.9623 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-III-8, type D, located at longitude 14º 25' 14"1167 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0039, is
to be found at a distance of 36,574.80 metres and an azimuth of 99.9575 grad from major
beacon II.
5.2 Second section
The second section, which is 19,238.03 metres long, runs in a straight line from major beacon
III (bipoint Chad-Cameroon), type B, located at longitude 14º 27' 59"9964 and latitude 13º 04'
59"9974, to major beacon VI (bipoint Chad-Cameroon at the mouth of the Chari), type A,
located at longitude 14º 32' 49"6493 and latitude 12º 55' 42"1202, following the geographic
azimuth 170.0107 grad observed from major beacon III.
Between those two major beacons, three intermediate beacons were set up:
Beacon III-VI-1, type D, located at longitude 14º 29' 04"5868 and latitude 13º 02' 55"6673, is
to be found at a distance of 4287.77 metres and an azimuth of 170.0114 grad from major
beacon III.
Beacon III-VI-2, type D, located at longitude 14º 30' 19"1198 and latitude 13º 00' 32"1199, is
to be found at a distance of 9,237.85 metres and an azimuth of 170.0132 grad from major
beacon III.
Beacon III-VI-3, type D, located at longitude 14º 31' 31"1226 and latitude 12º 58' 13"4476, is
to be found at a distance of 14,019.98 metres and an azimuth of 170.0105 grad from major
beacon III.
TRAVERSE II-III
y ADOS UTM (Adindan) Follo
p
Beacon e Longitude Latitude E: N: Azimut h
POINT II A 14º04'59"9999 13º05'00"0001 400621.157 1446323.665 99.9945 II-III-1 C 14º07'45"9184 13º04'59"9995 405617.919 1446306.005 99.9937
II-III-2 E 14º10'28"0102 13º05'00"0012 410499.385 1446289.701 99.9957
II-III-2B E 14º12'18"8583 13º05'00"0020 413837.595 1446279.040 99.9935
II-III-3 E 14º15'01"3736 13º05'00"0040 418731.732 1446264.171 99.9980
II-III-4 E 14º17'25"8674 13º04'59"9972 423083.114 1446251.419 99.9935
II-III-5 D 14º19'47"8410 13º05'00"0006 427358.568 1446239.873 100.0034
II-III-6 D 14º21'53"2834 13º04'59"9855 431136.167 1446229.669 99.9847
II-III-7 D 14º23'04"3023 13º04'59"9995 433274.837 1446224.815 99.9933
II-III-8 D 14º25'14"1167 13º05'00"0039 437184.060 1446215.723 99.9968
POINT III B 14º27'59"9964 13º04'59"9974 442179.317 1446204.543
TRAVERSE III-VI
T
Beacon y ADOS UTM (Adindan) Follo
p Longitude Latitude E: N: Azimuth
e
POINT III B 14º27'59"9964 13º04'59"9974 442179.317 1446204.543 170.0095
III-VI-1 D 14º29'04"5868 13º02'55"6673 444116.600 1442381.142 170.0193
III-VI-2 D 14º30'19"1198 13º00'32"1199 446352.779 1437966.980 170.0149
III-VI-3 D 14º31'31"1226 12º58'13"4476 448513.746 1433702.939 170.0259
POINT VI A 14º32'49"6493 12º55'42"1202 450871.286 1429050.003
Chapter VI. Cameroon-Nigeria Boundary in Lake Chad
This section of the boundary has been reconstituted in accordance with the indications given
in:
(1) the Exchange of Notes between His Majesty's Government in the United
Kingdom and the French Government, respecting the boundary between the French and British zones of the Mandated Territory of the Cameroons, effected
in London on 9 January 1931.
(2) the report of the meeting of experts relating to the determination of the co-
ordinates of the mouth of the El-Beid (Ebedji), which was held on 15 and 16
September 1988 in N'Djamena, Chad. The co-ordinates of the mouth of the El-
Beid (Ebedji) as defined by the experts were approved by the national
Commissioners in their resolution No. 2 relating to the demarcation of the
boundaries in Lake Chad, during the 36th Session of the Lake Chad Basin
Commission meeting in Maroua, Cameroon from 1 to 2 December 1988.
This section of the boundary, which is 61700.36 metres long, runs in a straight line between
major beacon No. II (tripoint Cameroon-Nigeria-Chad), type A, located at longitude 14º 04'
59"9999 and latitude 13º 05' 00"0001, and major beacon V (bipoint Cameroon-Nigeria at the
mouth of the El-Beid (or Ebedji)), type A, located at longitude 14º 12' 11"7005 and latitude
12º 32' 17"4013, following the azimuth 186.4506 grad observed from major beacon II.
Between the two major beacons, 13 intermediate beacons were set up:
Beacon II-V-1, type D, located at longitude 14º 05' 29"5545 and latitude 13º 02' 45"9210, is
to be found at a distance of 4,215.47 metres and an azimuth of 186.4504 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-2, type D, located at longitude 14º 05' 58"1774 and latitude 13º 00' 36"0193, is
to be found at a distance of 8,299.55 metres and an azimuth of 186.4508 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-3, type D, located at longitude 14º 06' 27"5781 and latitude 12º 58' 22"5636, is
to be found at a distance of 12,495.36 metres and an azimuth of 186.4504 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-4, type D, located at longitude 14º 06' 57"0319 and latitude 12º 56' 08"8135, is
to be found at a distance of 16,700.36 metres and an azimuth of 186.4506 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-5, type D, located at longitude 14º 07' 32"0445 and latitude 12º 53' 29"7765, is
to be found at a distance of 21,700.31 metres and an azimuth of 186.4505 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-6, type D, located at longitude 14º 08' 07"2166 and latitude 12º 50' 49"9395, is
to be found at a distance of 26,725.34 metres and an azimuth of 186.4507 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-7, type D, located at longitude 14º 08' 42"0293 and latitude 12º 48' 11"6915, is
to be found at a distance of 31,700.38 metres and an azimuth of 186.4507 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-8, type D, located at longitude 14º 09' 16"2318 and latitude 12º 45' 36"1475, is
to be found at a distance of 36,590.32 metres and an azimuth of 186.4508 grad from major
beacon II.Beacon II-V-9, type D, located at longitude 14º 09' 51"9713 and latitude 12º 42' 53"6018, is
to be found at a distance of 41,700.40 metres and an azimuth of 186.4505 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-10, type D, located at longitude 14º 10' 21"2616 and latitude 12º 40' 40"3244, is
to be found at a distance of 45,890.27 metres and an azimuth of 186.4504 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-11, type D, located at longitude 14º 10' 47"8833 and latitude 12º 38' 39"1249, is
to be found at a distance of 49,700.37 metres and an azimuth of 186.4506 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-12, type D, located at longitude 14º 11' 15"8286 and latitude 12º 36' 31"8833, is
to be found at a distance of 53,700.40 metres and an azimuth of 186.4507 grad from major
beacon II.
Beacon II-V-13, type D, located at longitude 14º 11' 41"1850 and latitude 12º 34' 36"4112, is
to be found at a distance of 57,330.43 metres and an azimuth of 186.4506 grad from major
beacon II.
TRAVERSE II-V
T ADOS UTM (Adindan)
p
Beacon e Longitude Latitude E:
POINT II A 14º 04' 59"9999 13º 05' 00"0001 400621.157 1446
II-V-1 D 14º 05' 29"5545 13º 02' 45"9210 401496.453 1442
II-V-2 D 14º 05' 58"1774 13º 00' 36"0193 402344.448 1438
II-V-3 D 14º 06' 27"5781 12º 58' 22"5636 403215.779 1434
II-V-4 D 14º 06' 57"0319 12º 56' 08"8135 404088.980 1429
II-V-5 D 14º 07' 32"0445 12º 53' 29"7765 405127.367 1425
II-V-6 D 14º 08' 07"2166 12º 50' 49"9395 406170.903 1420
II-V-7 D 14º 08' 42"0293 12º 48' 11"6915 407204.191 1415
II-V-8 D 14º 09' 16"2318 12º 45' 36"1475 408219.765 1410
II-V-9 D 14º 09' 51"9713 12º 42' 53"6018 409281.404 1405 II-V-10 D 14º 10' 21"2616 12º 40' 40"3244 410151.787 1401
II-V-11 D 14º 10' 47"8833 12º 38' 39"1249 410943.117 1397
II-V-12 D 14º 11' 15"8286 12º 36' 31"8833 411774.048 1393
II-V-13 D 14º 11' 41"1850 12º 34' 36"4112 412528.225 1390
POINT V A 14º 12' 11"7005 12º 32' 17"4013 413436.133 1385
THE WHOLE BEING IN CONFORMITY WITH THE MAPS AND TEXTS IN FORCE
AND WITH THE LOCATION OF THE BOUNDARY BEACONS ON THE GROUND,
THE PRESENT RECORD IS ESTABLISHED IN FRENCH AND IN ENGLISH,
BOTH TEXTS BEING EQUALLY AUTHORITATIVE.
Those participating in the operations of demarcation of the boundaries described above were:
For the Republic of Cameroon:
Messrs.:
1. NCHAMUKONG SAMA Daniel, Head of the Department of Cartographic
Investigations and Projects at the National Geographic Centre, Yaoundé.
2. NCHOTTOU Issofa, Director of the Cadastral Survey, Ministry of Housing
and Town Planning, Yaoundé.
3. TAM Lambert, Provincial Delegate of the Ministry of Planning and Regional
Development for the Far North Province, Maroua.
For the Republic of Niger:
Messrs.:
1. MAHAMAN Laminou, Head of the Cartography Division (Directorate of
Topography, Niamey).
2. KANGOU Malam Tata, Surveyor (Directorate of Topography, Naimey).For the Federal Republic of Nigeria:
1. Mr. T. A. ABIODUN, Deputy Surveyor General of the Federation (Boundary),
Lagos.
2. Chief B. A. LALA, Assistant Director, Boundary Commission, Lagos.
3. Mr. J. A. OTOKITI, Deputy Secretary (Planning), F.M.A.W.R. & R.D., Abuja.
4. Mr. J. O. OKAFOR, Chief Surveyor, Federal Surveys, Maiduguri, Borno State.
5. Mr. A. Y. NGANJIWA, Surveyor General of Borno State, Maiduguri.
6. Mr. J. A. OGUNTOLA, Senior Planning Officer, Federal Department of Water
Resources, Abuja.
7. Mr. A. O. AYOOLA, Senior Surveyor, Federal Surveys, Maiduguri, Borno
State.
For the Republic of Chad:
Messrs.:
1. NOKOUR Choguy, Director of the Cadastral Survey, Housing and Town
Planning.
2. BERAMGOTO Dimanche, Director of Studies and Administrative Reform at
the Ministry of the Interior.
3. ASNGAR Nandinguingar, Technician (Cartographer) at the Directorate of the
Cadastral Survey.
4. DJIBRINE Gourama, Technician (Geodesist) at the Directorate of the
Cadastral Survey.
For the Lake Chad Basin Commission:
Messrs.:
1. BALA Oumarou, Topographer, Directorate of Civil Engineering and
Telecommunications.
2. NICOE Kokouvi, Draftsman, Directorate of Civil Engineering and
Telecommunications.
3. KOUNDJA Mbatha, Topographer, Directorate of Civil Engineering and
Telecommunications.
Done in N'Djamena, Chad, on 14 February 1990.
Presented by IGN-FRANCE-INTERNATIONAL
Accepted and signed by THE NATIONAL EXPERTS CAMEROON NIGERIA NIGER CHAD
(Signed) (Signed) (Signed) (Signed)
NCHAMUKONG A. O. AYOOLA KANGOU MALLAM TATA BERAMGOTO
SAMA D. DIMANCHE
(Signed)
(Signed) (Signed) (Signed)
NOKOUR
TAM LAMBERT J. O. OKAFOR MAHAMAN LAMINOU
CHOUGUY
and the EXECUTIVE SECRETARY of LCBC
ABUBAKAR B. JAURO
_____________________________________
Approved on ____________________ at _________________
by the Governments of the MEMBER STATES
CAMEROON NIGERIA NIGER CHAD
__________
Annex 6
Map of Cameroon to a Scale of 1 : 200,000 — Kousséri —
ND-33-III, Centre géographique national, Yaoundé, 1976 [See map 9]
__________
Annex 7
Sketch-map of the Part of Cameroonian Territory
under Nigerian Occupation
[See facing page]
__________
Additional Application to the Application Instituting Proceedings brought by the Republic of Cameroon