DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC AL-KHASAWNEH
Discretion left to judges in delimitation of EEZ/continental shelf  Court should assess
equity of delimitation holistically  Court should not limit itself to assessing gross
disproportionality at third step of delimitation.
Maritime delimitation is, of necessity, a compromise between the need for certainty and
predictability of the law on the one hand and, on the other, the need to take cognizance of the
realities of geography which are never the same in different cases.

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE AD HOC AL-KHASAWNEH
Dissent is confined to land delimitation  Importance of putting to rest a long running
dispute  Ambiguity of 1858 Treaty  Producing no less than six arbitrations  And bilateral
commissions  And negotiations  Court dealing with various aspects of dispute since 2005 
2015 Judgment and present Judgments are res judicata  In conflict with earlier res judicata
decisions  Caribbean shore in general retreat  New point chosen by Court ephemeral  And

DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC SIMMA
1980 Treaty Concerning Delimitation of Marine Areas and Maritime Cooperation between
the Republic of Costa Rica and the Republic of Panama  Relevance to this case  Obligations
under Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations
1. I have voted in favour of each of the Judgment’s operative paragraphs and agree, for the
most part, with the reasoning set out therein. I wish, in this short declaration, to comment on a point
which has not been addressed in the Judgment, relating to Article 102 of the Charter of the

DECLARATION OF JUDGE GEVORGIAN
Land boundary in the northern part of Isla Portillos  1858 Treaty of Limits  Punta de
Castilla as the starting-point of the boundary  Cleveland and Alexander Awards  the Courtappointed
experts referred to the “remnants” of a former channel  Stability and finality of
boundaries  Nicaragua’s military camp  No need for a finding of breach of sovereignty  The
area was disputed territory  Maritime delimitation in the Caribbean Sea  The “Alexander

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE ROBINSON
1. An interesting and not esoteric question has been raised in this case. It was not necessary
for the Court to pronounce on it in explicit terms. However, the question may have implications for
the functioning of what the Preamble to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
(hereinafter “the UNCLOS” or “the Convention”) calls “a legal order for the seas and oceans”1, the
establishment of which was the primary goal of the Convention.

DECLARATION OF JUDGE SEBUTINDE

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE XUE
1. Notwithstanding my vote on subparagraph (4) of the operative part of the Judgment, I
wish to place on record my disagreement with the reasoning in relation to the location of the
starting-point of the land boundary between the Parties and the way in which this issue is treated in
the Maritime Delimitation case.
2. First of all, I am of the view that, under the 1858 Treaty of Limits, the Cleveland Award
and the Alexander Awards, the starting-point of the land boundary should be located on the

DECLARATION OF JUDGE TOMKA
Search for an equitable solution in the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone and the
continental shelf  Need to avoid a pronounced cut-off effect of the maritime boundary line 
Adjustment of the provisional equidistance line  Appropriate balancing of the entitlements of the
Parties.
1. Although I have voted in favour of all of the findings of the Court, I am not fully satisfied
with the way in which the Court has determined the maritime boundary between the Parties in the

DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC AL-KHASAWNEH
Discretion left to judges in delimitation of EEZ/continental shelf  Court should assess
equity of delimitation holistically  Court should not limit itself to assessing gross
disproportionality at third step of delimitation.
Maritime delimitation is, of necessity, a compromise between the need for certainty and
predictability of the law on the one hand and, on the other, the need to take cognizance of the
realities of geography which are never the same in different cases.

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE AD HOC AL-KHASAWNEH
Dissent is confined to land delimitation  Importance of putting to rest a long running
dispute  Ambiguity of 1858 Treaty  Producing no less than six arbitrations  And bilateral
commissions  And negotiations  Court dealing with various aspects of dispute since 2005 
2015 Judgment and present Judgments are res judicata  In conflict with earlier res judicata
decisions  Caribbean shore in general retreat  New point chosen by Court ephemeral  And