Volume IV - Annexes 145-189

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE MARITIME DISPUTE (PERU v. CHILE) REJOINDER OF THE GOVERNMENT OF CHILE VOLUME IV ANNEXES 145 – 189 11 JULY 2011

VOLUME IV ANNEXES 145 - 189 OTHERDOCUMENTSAnnex 145The Grisbådarna Case (Norway v. Sweden), Pleadings of Norway and Sweden899Annex 146El Salvador v. Nicaragua, Central American Court of Justice, Judgment, 9 March 1917 907Annex 147Western Geophysical Company of America, FinalField Operation Report, March-November 1977 915Annex 148Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Bernardo Ventocilla Espada (mechanic of the Jessica), 31 July 1984 921Annex 149Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Leoncio Rodríguez Mori (Captain of the Nicolas), 31 July 1984 925Annex 150Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Esteban Sacatuma Escalante (mechanic of the Pocoma I), 30 August 1984 929Annex 151Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Bernardo Ventocilla Espada (mechanic of the Jessica), 30 August 1984 933Annex 152Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Upper Oceans Processes, Technical Report 04-01, “Stratus Ocean Reference Station (20°S, 85°W), Mooring Recovery and Deployment Cruise, R/V RevelleCruise Dana 03, November 10-November 26, 2003” 937Annex 153“Guidelines for Entering to Peruvian Waters published by Inchcape Fishing Services” 941
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Annex 154Emails from Foreign Vessels to Peru’s Directorate-General of Captaincies and Coastguard reporting entry into or departure from Peru’s maritime dominion pursuant to the System on Information of Position and Security in the Maritime Dominion of Peru (SISPER) 945Annex 155Transcripts of requests by Peruvian fishing vessels to cross Chile’s EEZ to reach fishing grounds in the high seas 993WRITINGS OF PUBLICISTS(IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)Annex 156M. F. Agüero Colunga, Delimitación Marítima del Perú con Ecuador y con Chile, 1990 1035Annex 157M. F. Agüero Colunga, Consideraciones para la delimitación marítima del Perú, 2001 1049Annex 158L. M. Alexander, “Baseline Delimitations and Maritime Boundaries”, Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 23, 1983, p. 503 1069Annex 159E. W. Anderson, International Boundaries – a Geopolitical Atlas, 2003 1075Annex 160A, Arias-Schreiber, “Fundamentos de la Soberanía Marítima del Perú”, Revista de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, XXXIVth year, Nos I-II, 1970, p. 35 1077Annex 161A. Arias-Schreiber, “Delimitación de la frontera marítima entre Perú y Chile”, Revista Peruana de Derecho Internacional, Vol. LI, January-June 2001, No. 117, p. 13 1083Annex 162J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law, 1987 1093Annex 163J. M. Bákula, El Dominio Marítimo del Perú, 1985 1095 Annex 164J. M. Bákula, Perú: Entre la Realidad y la Utopía – 180 Años de Política Exterior, Vol. II, 2002 1101
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Annex 165P. Beazley, “Technical Considerations in Maritime Delimitations”, in J. I. Charney and L. M. Alexander (eds),International Maritime Boundaries, Vol. I, 1993, p. 243 1113Annex 166J. Beer-Gabel, “Variations sur la notion de frontière maritime”, in Indemer (ed.), Droit de la mer – Etudes dédiées au Doyen Claude-Albert Colliard, 1992, p. 11 1117Annex 167J. Beer-Gabel, “Accords de délimitation”, in Indemer (ed.),Le processus de délimitation maritime étude d’un cas fictif, Colloque International, 2004, p. 3231121Annex 168G. Blake, “World maritime boundary delimitation: the state of play” in G. Blake (ed.), Maritime Boundaries and Ocean Resources, 1987, p. 3 1125Annex 169G. Blake and R. Swarbrick, “Hydrocarbons and International Boundaries: A Global Overview”, in G. Blake, M. Pratt, C. Schofield and J. A. Brown (eds), Boundaries and Energy: Problems and Prospects,1998, p. 3 1131Annex 170E. Collins Jr. and M. A. Rogoff, “The International Law of Maritime Boundary Delimitation”, Maine Law Review, Vol. 34, 1982, p. 1 1135Annex 171P. J. Cook and C. M. Carleton, “Introduction”, in P. J. Cook and C. M. Carleton (eds), Continental Shelf Limits, The Scientific and Legal Interface, 2000, p. 3 1139Annex 172G. Despeux, Droit de la délimitation maritime – Commentaire de quelques décisions plutoniennes, 2000 1143Annex 173G. Faura Gaig, El Mar Peruano y sus Límites, 1977 1147 Annex 174E. Ferrero Costa, El Nuevo Derecho del Mar – El Perú y las 200 Millas, 1979 1171Annex 175M. Flores Palomino, La Zona Costera del Perú: Un Ensayo de Interpretación y Proposición de su Organización para su Administración, 1989 1189
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Annex 176E. Gounaris, “The Delimitation of the Continental Shelf of Islands: Some Observations”, RevueHellénique de droit international, Vol. 33, 1980, p. 111 1201Annex 177D. N. Hutchinson, “The Significance of the Registration or Non-Registration of an International Agreement in Determining Whether or Not it is a Treaty”, in S. Davidson (ed.), The Law of Treaties,2004, p. 265 1205Annex 178P. C. Jessup, The Law of Territorial Waters and Maritime Jurisdiction, 1927 1209Annex 179C. Lathrop, “The technical aspects of international maritime boundary, depiction and recovery”, in OceanDevelopment and International Law, Vol. 28, 1997, p. 167 1217Annex 180P. Martínez de Pinillos, Geografía Humana del Perú y del Mundo, 19521221Annex 181A. G. Oude Elferink, “Does Undisputed Title to a Maritime Zone Always Exclude its Delimitation: The Grey Area Issue”, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 13(2), 1998, p. 143 1225Annex 182M. Pratt (ed.), Jane’s Exclusive Economic Zones 2002-2003, 4th edn, 2002 1229Annex 183M. Rodríguez Cuadros, La Soberanía Marítima del Perú – La Controversia entre el Perú y Chile, 1st edn, 20101235Annex 184H. A. Smith, The Law and Custom of the Sea, 2nd edn, 19501239Annex 185M. Vegas, “El Mar Peruano: Un Ambiente Natural - La Conservación y Utilización de sus Recursos”, in E. Ferrero Costa (ed.), El Perú, El Medio Ambiente y El Desarrollo, 1992, p. 151 1243Annex 186A. Wagner de Reyna, Los Límites del Perú, 1961 1247
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Annex 187C. H. M. Waldock, “The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case”,British Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 28, 1951, p. 133 1253Annex 188S. Whittemore Boggs, “Delimitation of the Territorial Sea: The Method of Delimitation Proposed by the Delegation of the United States at the Hague Conference for the Codification of International Law”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 541 1261Annex 189M. Zahraa, “Prospective Anglo-Scottish Maritime Boundary Revisited”, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 12(1), 2001, p. 771277
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OTHER DOCUMENTS
897
898
Annex 145
The Grisbådarna Case (Norway v. Sweden), Pleadings of Norway and Sweden
Archives of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
899
900
Annex 145
Annex 145
901
902
Annex 145
NORWAY’S MEMORIAL
[…]
The sea area which is bordered by: 1. the part of the division line that lies in-between, 2. the bow(s) around the outermost Norwegian skerry(ies) from the point where the division line reaches the sea up to the point of intersection between the two bows around Midtre Heieflu and Moerholmen, 3. the bow(s) around the outermost Swedish skerry(ies) from this point of intersection up to where the bow(s) reach(es) the division line – under the prerequisites adopted here, this area falls into the open [and] becomes open sea. If one wishes to avoid this result which undeniably seems to contradict the natural condition of division, being the fact that nothing should get lost in the process of division - one is forced to assume that the demarcation line, from the point where the Swedish sea territory adjoins, follows the bow(s) around the outermost Swedish skerry(ies) up to the point of intersection between the two bows around Midtre Heieflu and Moerholmen. However, this leads to a greatly irregular border.
In the present case, therefore, not only the point of origin (Point XVIII) of the line but also the end point is given. Further, there can be no doubt it seems to me as to the correctness of the division method, outlined above, according to which the sea territory situated between these points is equally divided among the countries - that it is, in principle, the only valid method and that it has to constitute the basis for the determination of the border. The final determination of the demarcation line needs to be undertaken by an expert adjustment of the fractured line, which is the result of the construct established by the halving-method.
[…]
NORWAY’S COUNTER-MEMORIAL
[…]
And with what right could Norway and Sweden divide among themselves the waters between Koster and Tisler if they indeed constituted open sea? Or why should the sea that bathes the westside of this island be more of a mare librum than the one situated within?
In a nutshell, the aforementioned sea territory was territorial sea before 1661 and remained territorial sea afterwards. The greater or lesser value that one could attribute to it does not matter in this respect; there is no reason to believe that either Norway was willing to lose more than what was necessary or that Sweden did not wish to appropriate as much as possible; and, as a consequence, there is no reason to believe that they wanted to transform something into open sea that otherwise would have been divided among them.
[…]
Annex 145
903
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Annex 145
SUBMISSIONS OF THE SWEDISH GOVERNMENT TO THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL WITH RESPECT TO A CERTAIN PART OF THE MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN SWEDEN AND NORWAY
[…]
In reality. . .by way of this arbitral decision, the actual border between the two countries needs to be determined and only after the actual course of this border in the open sea has been established the question of searching for end points for the outermost border of the sea territory can arise.
[…]
Considering the right of every state to determine the borders of its sea territory towards the open sea independently of the other state, the Norwegian comment that, by determining a border further north than that which is now proposed by Norway, a part of what is to be divided will get lost, cannot be considered relevant.
Annex 145
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906
Annex 146
El Salvador v. Nicaragua, Central American Court of Justice, Judgment, 9 March 1917
American Journal of International Law, Vol. 11, 1917
907
908
Annex 146
Annex 146
909
910
Annex 146
Annex 146
911
912
Annex 146
Annex 146
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914
Annex 147
Western Geophysical Company of America, Final Field Operation Report, March-November 1977
Archives of the National Petroleum Company of Chile
915
916
Annex 147
Annex 147
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918
Annex 147
Annex 147
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920
Annex 148
Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Bernardo Ventocilla Espada (mechanic of the Jessica), 31 July 1984
Archives of the Chilean Navy
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Annex 148
VOLUNTARY DECLARATION OF THE MECHANIC OF L/M. “JESSICA”
In Arica, on 31 July 1984, the mechanic of L/M “JESSICA”, Mr. Bernardo VENTOCILLA Espada, Title No. 7153 granted by the Directorate-General of Captaincies and Coastguard of Peru, domiciled in Domingo Mandamiento No. 810 Huacho, who currently works for Mr. Blas Changana, owner of vessel “JESSICA”, voluntarily and without pressure of any kind hereby declares as follows:
That on 31 July 1984, at approximately 13:00 Peruvian time, they set sail from Caleta Vila Vila to carry out fishing activities near the Chilean International Political Boundary and that, inexplicably, they crossed the boundary into Chilean waters and, when looking for fish, they were apprehended by a Patrol Boat of the Navy of Chile, which indicated that they were in Chilean territorial waters, which I acknowledge is true, and they proceeded to set course to the port of Arica in accordance with instructions given by the said Patrol Boat.
[…]
[signed]
BERNARDO VENTOCILLA ESPADA
Annex 148
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924
Annex 149
Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Leoncio Rodríguez Mori (Captain of the Nicolas), 31 July 1984
Archives of the Chilean Navy
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Annex 149
VOLUNTARY DECLARATION OF THE CAPTAIN OF L/M. “NICOLAS”
In Arica, on 31 July 1984, Local Fishing Captain Mr. Leoncio RODRIGUEZ Mori, Title P-0438, granted by the Ministry of Navy, Directorate General of Captaincies and Coastguard of Peru, domiciled in Calle Iquitos No. 592 Mollendo, who currently works for fishing company “NISOSIS”, based in the port of Mollendo, voluntarily and without pressure of any kind, hereby declares as follows:
That on 31 July 1984, they set sail from Caleta Vila Vila to the Peru-Chile Boundary for the purpose of looking for fish in the area and subsequently crossed this boundary to the Chilean South looking for fish.
That my crew consisted of 14 members including myself as Captain.
That while looking for fish in the abovementioned area, [we] were apprehended by a Patrol Boat of the Navy of Chile, which stated that we were in Chilean waters, and proceeded to hand over the vessel to two civil servants, who indicated that we had to set course for the port of Arica. At the time of being apprehended by the Patrol Boat, we had no fish in our hold.
The only reason that we came to Chilean waters to fish is the scarcity of fish in Peruvian waters.
That to date he has been a fisherman for 15 years and that this is the first time that he has crossed into Chilean waters.
[signed]
LEONCIO RODRIGUEZ MORI
Annex 149
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Annex 150
Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Esteban Sacatuma Escalante (mechanic of the Pocoma I), 30 August 1984
Archives of the Chilean Navy
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930
Annex 150
VOLUNTARY DECLARATION OF THE MECHANIC OF L/M. “POCOMA I”.
In Arica, on 30 August 1984, the mechanic of L/M POCOMA I., Mr. Esteban SACATUMA Escalante, Without fishing Registration, who went onboard the vessel at the request of the owner of the vessel in order to replace momentarily the incumbent Mechanic, domiciled in Calle Jerón Callao No. 679 Ilo, who works for Fishing Shipowner Eduardo CABALLERO Herrera, voluntarily and without pressure of any kind, hereby declares as follows:
That on 29 August 1984, at approximately 15.00, Peruvian time, they set sail from Caleta Vila Vila to the Chilean international political boundary, for the purpose of carrying out fishing activities in this area.
That he was working on the Machine and, upon going up on deck to inform the Captain that there was little petrol remaining, he noticed that they were in Chilean waters, and shortly thereafter a Patrol boat of the Navy of Chile came, and advised that they were in Chilean waters and they were boarded by two civil servants, who ordered them to set course for the port of Arica.
That it is not clear how the Captain went beyond the boundary, because the Shipowner gave clear instructions not to cross into Chilean waters.
That this is the first time that he has been onboard a vessel of this type and also that this is the first time that he has entered into Chilean territorial waters.-
[signed]
ESTEBAN SACATUMA ESCALANTE
Annex 150
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Annex 151
Voluntary Declaration by Mr. Bernardo Ventocilla Espada (mechanic of the Jessica), 30 August 1984
Archives of the Chilean Navy
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Annex 151
VOLUNTARY DECLARATION OF THE MECHANIC OF L/M. “JESSICA”
In Arica, on 30 August 1984, the mechanic of L/M. “JESSICA”, Mr. Bernardo VENTOCILLA Espada, Title No. 7153 granted by the Directorate-General of Captaincies and Coastguard of Peru, domiciled in Domingo Mandamiento No. 810 Huacho, who currently works for Mr. Blas Changana, owner of the vessel, voluntarily and without pressure of any kind hereby declares as follows:
That on 29 August 1984, at approximately 15:00, they set sail from cove Vila Vila to carry out fishing activities in the vicinity of the Chile-Peru boundary, where they arrived at around 20:00 and proceeded to carry out fishing activities in the area, [and] that at approximately 23:50 an injector failed, which prevented the engine from functioning, leaving the vessel drifting in place and with its net in the water.
That at 06:00, we were found by a Chilean patrol boat, which stated that we were in Chilean waters and detained us; the captain informed them that the engine failed, and another patrol boat proceeded to tow us to the port of Arica.
It is hereby recalled that the deponent is a recidivist, as this is the second time that he is detained for being in Chilean waters.
[signed]
BERNARDO VENTOCILLA ESPADA
Annex 151
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Annex 152
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Upper Oceans Processes, Technical Report 04-01, “Stratus Ocean Reference Station (20°S, 85°W), Mooring Recovery and Deployment Cruise, R/V Revelle Cruise Dana 03, November 10-November 26, 2003”
Archives of the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy
937
1I. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe primary purposes of this cruise were to recover and then deploy a new well-instrumented surface mooring under the stratocumulus clouds found off Chile and Peru, tomake shipboard meteorological and air-sea flux observations to document and establish theaccuracy of the moored meteorological observations, and to observe the oceanic andatmospheric variability in the stratus deck region.The mooring at 20°S, 85°W was first deployed in October 2000 as a component of theEnhanced Monitoring element of the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC)program and was called Stratus 1. That buoy was recovered and a new buoy (Stratus 2)deployed in October 2001. In October 2002, Stratus 2 was recovered and Stratus 3 wasdeployed. Stratus 3 was recovered and Stratus 4 deployed during the cruise in November2003 and operations are documented in this report.Stratus 4 marks the first deployment supported by NOAA’s Climate Observation Program.The Stratus site has been designated an Ocean Reference Station and a Surface FluxReference Site. The objectives of maintaining a long term surface mooring at the Stratussite are to obtain high quality in-situ time series of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes,upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. This region is of criticalimportance to climate predictability and science and has previously been poorly sampledand not well replicated in climate models. The instrumentation deployed at the site isdesigned to observe the air-sea exchanges of heat, freshwater, and momentum, to observethe temporal evolution of sea surface temperature and of the vertical structure of the upper500 m of the ocean, and to document and quantify the local coupling of the atmosphereand ocean in this region. Air-sea coupling under the stratus clouds is not well understood,and numerical models show broad scale sensitivity over the Pacific to cloud and air-seainteraction parameterization in this region.Telemetered meteorological data is not inserted on the GTS (Global TelecommunicationSystem) for routine ingestion in numerical weather models; rather, it is made available byFTP from WHOI to provide an independent data set to evaluate operational modelperformance in the stratus deck region. After recovery, high sampling rate (up to 1 minuterate), internally recorded data are processed, and the calibrated meteorological, air-seaflux, and oceanographic data are made available for validation and improvement of modelsand remote sensing methods, to support development of improved air-sea flux fields, andto support various climate research activities.The Stratus moorings carry two redundant sets of meteorological sensors and the mooringline carries a set of oceanographic instruments (Table 1). Acoustic rain gauges placed onthe Stratus 3 mooring were provided by Jeff Nystuen of the University of WashingtonApplied Physics Laboratory.Stratus Ocean Reference Station (20°S, 85°W)Mooring Recovery and Deployment CruiseR/VRevelle Cruise Dana 03November 10 - November 26, 2003 ByLara Hutto1Robert Weller1Jeff Lord1Jason Smith1Jim Ryder1Nan Galbraith1Chris Fairall2Scott Stalin3Juan Carlos Andueza4Jason Tomlinson5UPPEROCEANPROCESSESGROUP•WHOIUpper Ocean Processes GroupWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole, Massachusetts 02543UOP Technical Report 04-01 1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution2 NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory3 NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory4 Chilean Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service5 Texas A&M University
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552. SHOA ReportThe DART (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) Project was created inorder to efficiently and quickly confirm the generation of a potentially destructive tsunami,as well as to support the ongoing effort to develop and implement an early detectioncapability and real-time report of tsunamis in the deep ocean. This project was created aspart of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) of the United States.The Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Navy of Chile, in charge of theNational Seaquake Warning System of Chile (SNAM), is making an effort to improve itscapabilities to comply with responsibilities assigned by law; therefore as of November2003, it will have installed a DART system off the north coast of Chile, near Iquique.The DART system is composed of two main units, a bottom-pressure sensor and atransmitter buoy on the surface.The bottom-pressure measuring sensor is installed onthe ocean floor, and it is capable of detecting tsunamis of minimal magnitude (1 cm).The buoy, installed on the ocean’s surface establishes real-time communication with theGOES satellite. The system has two ways of reporting the information, one standardsystem and one warning system. The standard is the normal way of working by which fourassessments of the ocean level, averaged every 15 minutes, are received every hour. Whenthe internal software detects the generation of an event, a variation of more than 4 cm, thesystem stops the standard mode of operation and switches to the warning mode. While inwarning mode, it submits average assessments every 15 seconds; these are forwarded for afew minutes during the first messages, then following are one-minute average messages forat least three hours if no other event is detected.Figure 25. DART Buoy After Deployment.
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56When the bottom pressure sensor perceives any significant variation in the sea level, ittransmits the data to the surface buoy through an acoustic link; the buoy then forwards thedata to the GOES satellite, which sends the information to the earth stations; these de-modulate the signal for immediate release to the Tsunami Warning Centers of theInternational Tsunami Warning System. The DART system has been designed to functionfor at least two years without maintenance.Figure 26. Bottom Pressure Sensor Platform.On November 23, 2003, PMEL, NDBC, and SHOA staff initiated the preparation workfor the installation of the buoy. The work started by anchoring the surface buoy, whichwas tied on the starboard, on the ship’s deck. Once the buoy was in the ocean its gear wasdeployed. First, a 7/16” steel covered cable was dropped, then nylon cable followed, toachieve an approximate depth of 4284 m; these were tied to 6850 kg of dead weight.Once the anchoring of the buoy was finished by dropping the dead weight, atapproximately 14:00, the preparation work for the anchoring of the bottom-pressure sensor(BPR) started.The work followed a certain order, starting with the high depth glass spheres that willallow the recovery of the instrument; these were connected to nylon and finally to a 50 mnylon rope that is then tied to the BPR, which contains dead weight in its base. Once themooring was checked, the BPR anchoring maneuver started, and was completed at 15:18.The DART system’s technology will allow the National Seaquake Warning System toimprove its capability to evaluate and disseminate warnings in an efficient and timelymanner and will avoid false alarms and possible losses as a consequence.The anchoring of this first DART buoy in Chile (19°40.31’S,074°50.29’W) and in SouthAmerica, is a big step towards mitigation efforts against tsunamigenic events in close andlong range sites. This is not only a great contribution to the Chilean coastal communities,
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Annex 153
“Guidelines for Entering to Peruvian Waters published by Inchcape Fishing Services”
Website of the Inchcape Fishing Services available at www.iss-shipping.com
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Guideline for Entering to Peruvian WatersReporting:Please note below detailed the current regulations issued by the Peruvian Coastguard,regarding the radio reports that youMUST send (compulsory) , during your transit in theperuvian waters (entering and transit between peruvian ports).These reports must besent to the following E-Mail Address:[email protected] copying [email protected] and copying to our E-Mail address:[email protected] in case the E-Mail address is not available youshould try with telex number: 36 26042 (Callao Radio) and copy to our TelexNumber 36 26149 (Inchcape Shipping Services Callao).You must obtain an answer back or any message answering they did received yourreports (as a proof which will not accept any objection.)This message either E-Mail answer either Telex will be presented to the PeruvianAuthorities at arrival, but you must keep always the original in a safe place.Also note that the non-fulfillment of said regulations will be fined up to US$ 10,000.00Please report "epw" when coming south bound at 03 grades 25'S and 18 grades 20'Swhen coming northbound.Note that any stoppage at sea must be reported using "dr" report as explained in item 5.1.-Upon entering peruvian waters- "epw"shiprep / epw / vessel name / call sign / flag / date and hour / last port of call / latitudeand longitude / course / speed / next port of call / eta / agency name2.- Position reports at 08:00 and 20:00 hrs -"pr"Shiprep / pr / vessel name / call sign / flag/date and hour / latitude and longitude / course / speed / next port of call / eta3. Final report 1 hour before arrival to port -"fr"Shiprep / fr / vessel name/ call sign / flag / date and hour/latitude andlongitude / course / speed / next port of call / eta4. Departing from Peruvian Waters- DPWThe report of departing peruvian waters dpw has been replaced by the navigation plan"structure sailing plan report" which will be handed to you for your signature and stampedbefore sailing.5. Change of Route or Stoppages
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Report of change of route or any stoppages at sea (dr) to be transmitted in case ofcorrection to of one report or navigation plan.Shiprep / dr / vessel / call sign / flag / date and hour of the fact / latitude and longitude /true course / speed / next port of call / eta / sea route / representative agency name /reason for changing course / stoppages at sea.Peruvian radio stations:Paita RadioFax: (5174) 612723VHF: Channels 12 & 16Callao RadioE-Mail: [email protected]: (511) 429-1547Telex: 3626042VHF: Channels 16, 14 & 26Mollendo RadioTelex: 3659655Fax: (5154) 344883VHF: Channels 16 & 14Very ImportantIn case you are unable to establish contact by Telex with CallaoRadio, please let us know immediately and state facts in yourradio log book, deck log book, also note that a letter of protestmust be presented to the port captain in the first Peruvian port ofcall.Please be sure to get answer back to E-Mail or Telex sent toCallao Radio as a unique proof of transmission, otherwise informus immediately.SolasAll local regulations regarding ships safety and marine pollution are based in solas /marpol conventionsaccording to their marpol upgrading regulations program the Peruvian maritime authorityhas adopted imo a.774 resolution becoming compulsory its correspondents guidelines forall vessels entering to Peruvian waters, that we are briefing as follows :Ballast
Annex 153
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Annex 154
Emails from Foreign Vessels to Peru’s Directorate-General of Captaincies and Coastguard reporting entry into or departure from Peru’s maritime dominion pursuant to the System on Information of Position and Security in the Maritime Dominion of Peru (SISPER)
Emails from Foreign Vessels forwarded by Shipping Agencies to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile
945
RECENT EXAMPLES OF REPORTING BY COMMERCIAL VESSELS TO THE PERUVIAN NAVAL AUTHORITIES UPON ENTRY INTO OR EXIT FROM PERU’S MARITIME DOMINION 1. Reporting upon entry into or exit from the Peruvian maritime dominion at the boundary with Chile within 200M from the Chilean coast 1.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 23/12/2005
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2.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 12/01/2006 3.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 19/09/2006
Annex 154
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4.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 26/10/2006
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5.Cabo Virgenes, Chile, Reporting on 03/04/2007
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6.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 10/04/2007 7.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 07/07/2007
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8.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 11/07/2007
Annex 154
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9.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 01/10/2007
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10.Tatio, Chile, Reporting on 14/11/2007
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11.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 21/11/2007
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12.Elqui, Marshall Islands, Reporting on 26/11/2007
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13.Mexico, Germany, Reporting on 30/11/2007 14.Sao Paulo, Liberia, Reporting on 15/12/2007
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Annex 154
15.Elqui, Mashall Islands, Reporting on 31/01/2008
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16.Mexico, Germany, Reporting on 19/02/2008 17.Fortuna, Marshall Islands, Reporting on 23/02/2008
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Annex 154
18.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 29/04/2008
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19.Alpaca, Chile, Reporting on 19/07/2008
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20.Copihue, Chile, Reporting on 12/09/2010
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21.Copihue, Chile, Reporting on 24/09/2010
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22.Copihue, Chile, Reporting on 30/09/2010
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23.Cordillera, Panama, Reporting on 19/10/2010 24.Fitzroy, Chile, Reporting on 20/10/2010
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25.Cordillera, Panama, Reporting on 31/10/2010
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2. Reporting upon entry into or exit from the Peruvian maritime dominion at points to the west of Chile’s 200M EEZ 26.Cabo Virgenes, Chile, Reporting on 04/03/2005
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27.Posavina, Panama, Reporting on 10/04/2005 28.Posavina, Panama, Reporting on 15/06/2005
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29.Posavina, Panama, Reporting on 04/09/2005 30.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 25/11/2005
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31.Posavina, Panama, Reporting on 18/04/2006 32.Cabo Virgenes, Chile, Reporting on 23/02/2007
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33.Tatio, Chile, Reporting on 04/11/2007
970
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34.Glen Helen, Liberia, Reporting on 31/12/2007 35.Chicago, Liberia, Reporting on 21/02/2008
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36.Llama, Chile, Reporting on 24/06/2008
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37.Llama, Chile, Reporting on 29/06/2008 38.Huemul, Chile, Reporting on 24/05/2010
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973
39.Huemul, Chile, Reporting on 28/05/2010 40.Huemul, Chile, Reporting on 30/06/2010
974
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41.Huemul, Chile, Reporting on 05/07/2010 42.Fitzroy, Chile, Reporting on 04/10/2010
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975
3. Reporting upon entry into or exit from the Peruvian maritime dominion at the boundary with Ecuador 43.Cabo Virgenes, Chile, Reporting on 02/03/2005
976
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44.Cabo Pilar, Panama, Reporting on 27/05/2005
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977
45.Tupungato, Panama, Reporting on 22/07/2005
978
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46.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 28/08/2005 47.Posavina, Panama, Reporting on 18/11/2005
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979
48.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 01/04/2006 49.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 30/05/2006
980
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50.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 16/07/2006 51.Guanaco, Spain, Reporting on 20/07/2006
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981
52.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 30/10/2006 53.Pacificgas, Chile, Reporting on 13/11/2006
982
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54.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 26/01/2007 55.Cabo Virgenes, Chile, Reporting on 17/11/2007
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983
56.Mexico, Germany, Reporting on 27/11/2007 57.Sao Paulo, Liberia, Reporting on 07/12/2007
984
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58.Condor I, Panama, Reporting on 28/12/2007 59.Elqui, Marshall Islands, Reporting on 20/01/2008
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985
60.Fortuna, Marshall Islands, Reporting on 11/02/2008 61.Mexico, Germany, Reporting on 13/02/2008
986
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62.Fortuna, Marshall Islands, Reporting on 28/02/2008 63.Hamburgo, Antigua and Barbuda, Reporting on 10/03/2008
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987
64.Podravina, Panama, Reporting on 14/03/2009 65.Coipo, Panama, Reporting on 02/10/2010
988
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66.Fitzroy, Chile, Reporting on 11/10/2010
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989
67.Cordillera, Panama, Reporting on 12/10/2010
990
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68.Fitzroy, Chile, Reporting on 15/10/2010
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991
992
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Transcripts of requests by Peruvian fishing vessels to cross Chile’s EEZ to reach fishing grounds in the high seas
Archives of the Chilean Navy
993
EMBARCACIÓN JULIO ANDRÉS I, 24 DE MAYO DE 2008 Solicitud -[inaudible]. -Valparaíso Playa Ancha radio. -Buenas tardes, por esta, embarcación peruana Julio Andrés I, solicito permiso para hacer tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena con destino a aguas internacionales, vengo procedente de Ilo. -¿Su actual posición Andrés I? -Señor, la posición es latitud 18º 02' sur; la longitud 071º 32' Western. -Un momento, por favor. ¿Entiendo Andrés Anthony I? -Julio Andrés I, Julio Andrés I. -Ah, Julio Andrés, un momento por favor. ¿Su matrícula Julio Andrés? -Ya llega…matrícula, india, oscar, 2, oscar, quinto, negativo, séptimo, bravo, mai. -Ya. 24, 11:15. Entonces hora local de Chile, 11:15 horas, ¿usted viene procedente de puerto de Ilo? -Afirmativo, señor. -¿Rumbo y velocidad [inaudible]? -Rumbo 200º, velocidad 4.5. -¿A qué hora estima usted hacer ingreso? -Estimo para el día de hoy a las 12, hora local chilena, señor. -Le recuerdo a usted que tenemos diferencia de 1 hora; entonces sería para el día de hoy a las 14:00. -La posición, latitud 18º 21', longitud 071º 35'. -¿Hora, fecha y hora de salida? -Fecha, hora y salida…la salida para el día 28, 05 de 2008 a las 6am, señor. -El día 28 entonces, a las 06:00, ¿en qué posición? -Latitud 24º 50', longitud 074º 14' 00". […] -He registrado entonces que el día de hoy, mayo 24, 11:15 horas, embarcación peruana Julio Andrés I, matrícula india oscar 28507 navegando puerto de Ilo con destino a aguas internacionales, solicitó autorización para navegar por zona económica exclusiva chilena con hora de ingreso, el día de hoy a las 14:00. -Afirmativo, señor. -Ya. Estamos listos, patrón. Solicito que se mantenga permanente en esta frecuencia canal 817, de tal modo yo, una vez tenga respuesta de la autoridad marítima, le llame oportunamente para cursar respuesta a su solicitud. Cambio. ILO-ALTA MAR --------------
994
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ILO-HIGH SEAS
---------
Vessel Julio Andrés I, 24 May 2008
Request
- [inaudible].
- Valparaíso Playa Ancha radio.
- Good afternoon, here, Peruvian vessel Julio Andrés I, I am requesting permission to transit through the exclusive economic zone heading [to] international waters, coming from Ilo.
- Your current position Andrés I?
- Sir, position is south latitude 18º 02'; west longitude 071º 32'.
- One moment, please. I understand, Andrés Anthony I?
- Julio Andrés I, Julio Andrés I.
- Oh, Julio Andrés, one moment, please. Your registration number, Julio Andrés?
- In a second…registration, india, oscar, 2, oscar, quinto, negativo, séptimo, bravo, mai.
- OK. 24, 11:15. Then, Chile local time, 11: 15, are you coming from Port of Ilo?
- Affirmative, Sir.
- Course and speed [inaudible]?
- Course 200º, speed 4.5.
- At what time do you estimate to enter?
- My estimate is for today at 12, Chilean local time, Sir.
- I remind you that we have one hour difference; then it would be for today at 14:00.
- The position, latitude 18º 21', longitude 071º 35'.
- Time, date and time for the exit?
- Date, time and exit…the exit for August 28th, 2008 at 6 am, Sir.
- The 28th, then, at 06:00, at what position?
- Latitude 24º 50', longitude 074º 14' 00".
[…]
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995
-Recibido, señor, voy a mantener la escucha [inaudible]. -Correcto, señor. Hasta luego, buenos días. -Buenos días. Autorización -Atento embarcación [inaudible] peruana Julio Andrés I, Valparaíso Playa Ancha Radio. -Adelante señor, por esta, Julio Andrés I. -Tengo mensaje patrón, interrogativo, listo, copiar. -Recibido, señor, listo para recibirlo. -Mayo 24, 14:40; autorización cruce de número 309 Julio Andrés I, del Director de Seguridad y Operaciones Marítimas al patrón Lima [inaudible] Julio Andrés I, matrícula india oscar 28507. Al margen, 1) Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena. Autorizado. 2) Informar fecha, hora y posición de ingreso zona económica exclusiva chilena. 3) Al momento de ingresar a zona económica exclusiva chilena, la navegación deberá efectuarse en forma ininterrumpida, y en caso que por razones de emergencia deba bajar su velocidad, o mantenerse sobre máquinas deberá informar novedad de inmediato a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio [inaudible]. 4) Posiciones serán monitoreadas y vigiladas hasta salir de zona económica exclusiva chilena. 5) Se prohíbe efectuar prospección y pesca extractiva durante tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena debiendo informar, cada 6 horas, posición, rumbo y velocidad. 6) Mantener en forma permanente escucha canal 817 durante tránsito zona económica exclusiva chilena. 7) Al abandono de zona económica exclusiva chilena reportar hora y posición geográfica. 8) Informar consumo diario de combustible en navegación. Esto es a las 08:00 y 20:00 diariamente. Fin de Mensaje. Cambio. -¿Alguna duda Julio Andrés? -Todo recibido, conforme; ninguna duda, señor. -Recibido patrón, ¿actual posición? -Mi posición actual, estoy latitud sur 18º 16' sur y longitud 071º 37' Western, rumbo 200º, velocidad 4.5. La hora de entrada para zona económica sería para 3 de la tarde, señor. -Ya, ¿a las 16 horas, entonces? A las 16 horas yo estaría atento en la frecuencia para su recepción de ingreso, para informe de ingreso cuando 996
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[...]
Authorization
- Attention, Peruvian vessel [inaudible] Julio Andrés I, Valparaíso Playa Ancha Radio.
- Go ahead, Sir, here, Julio Andrés I.
- I have a message for the master, interrogative, ready, to copy.
- Received, Sir, ready to receive.
- May 24, 14:40; authorization for crossing, number 309 Julio Andrés I, from the Director of Maritime Security and Operations, to the master of Lima [inaudible] Julio Andrés I, registration india oscar 28507. At the margin,
1) Authorized to transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone. Authorized.
2) Report date, time and position of entry into the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
3) When entering the Chilean exclusive economic zone, navigation must be carried out continuously, and in case of emergency, you have to lower your speed or stay on machines, [and] you must immediately inform Valparaiso, Playa Ancha radio. [inaudible].
4) Positions will be monitored and controlled until leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
5) It is prohibited to conduct exploratory and extractive fishing during transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone, having to report every six hours, position, course and speed.
6) Keep continuously listening to channel 817 during transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
7) After leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
8) Report daily fuel consumption during the navigation. This is daily at 8:00 and 20:00, respectively, this is all for Luis Ángel I. End of message. Over.
- Any doubt, Julio Andrés?
- All received, agreed; no doubt, Sir.
- Received, master, current position?
- My current position, I am at south latitude 18º 16' and west longitude 071º 37', course 200º, speed 4.5. The time of entering the economic zone would be at three in the afternoon, Sir.
- OK. At 16:00, then? At 16:00 I will be paying attention to the frequency for the reception of your entry, for the report of your entry
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997
usted vaya haciendo entrada a la zona económica exclusiva chilena por el límite marítimo internacional. Recibido, patrón, hasta el próximo contacto, 16:00. -Recibido, señor, cuando haga el ingreso lo llamo, señor, para dar mi reporte. -Entonces tenga usted una navegación sin novedad y sería hasta el próximo contacto, hasta luego. -[inaudible] Buenas tardes. 998
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to the Chilean exclusive economic zone through the international maritime boundary. Received, master, until next contact, 16:00.
- Received, Sir, when I enter I will call you, sir, to report.
- May you navigate with no problems and until [our] next contact. See you later.
- [inaudible] Good afternoon.
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999
EMBARCACIÓN IVÁN I, 8 DE AGOSTO DE 2008 Solicitud -Estación, ¿quién llama a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio? -Ya. Por esta la embarcación Iván I, Valparaíso. -Sí, adelante. -Ya. Valparaíso, estamos solicitando permiso para ingresar a mar chileno hacia las aguas internacionales. -¿Procedente de qué puerto? -Del puerto de Ilo. -Tengo registrado que en el día de hoy, agosto 04, 18:35 hora local de Chile, embarcación artesanal peruana Iván I, solicita autorización para navegar por zona económica exclusiva chilena. ¿Su actual posición? -Ya. Estamos en la 18º, en estos momentos estamos en la posición 18º 06', 71º 50'. -¿Su rumbo y velocidad? -Ya. Estamos saliendo con rumbo 230º, rumbo 230º; velocidad 5 nudos por hora, señor. -¿A qué hora, qué día y a qué hora estima usted hacer ingreso? -Ya. Estamos ingresando a las 10 de la noche, a las 10 de la noche, del día de hoy. -Le recuerdo a usted que tenemos diferencia de 1 hora; ¿entonces sería para el día de hoy a las 22? -Correcto, correcto, correcto. -Ya. Un momento, por favor. -Ya. En la posición 18º, el ingreso es por la 18º 21', 72º 06'. -Ya. La posición 18º 21', 72º 06'; Un momento, por favor, manténgase en la frecuencia. -[inaudible] -Iván I, Playa Ancha. -Adelante, señor. -Ya. Disculpe la demora ahí, pero es que tuve un problema ahí con una interferencia que había en la frecuencia. ¿Me dice usted entonces que ingresa en el día de hoy a las 22 horas en 18º 21', 72º 06'? -Correcto, señor. -¿Su salida, para cuándo la tiene programada? -La tengo programada para el día miércoles a las 2 de la mañana, señor. -Para el día miércoles, eso es 4, ¿miércoles 06? -Claro. Hoy estamos a lunes, mañana martes, el día miércoles a las 2 de la mañana. -¿En que posición? 1000
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Vessel Iván I, 8 August 2008
Request
- Station, who is calling Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio?
- OK. Here, vessel Iván I, Valparaíso.
- Yes, go ahead.
- OK. Valparaíso, we are requesting permission to enter Chilean sea heading international waters.
- Coming from which port?
- From Port of Ilo.
- I have in my records that today, August 4, at 18:35 local time of Chile, Peruvian artisanal vessel Iván I, requests authorization to navigate through Chilean exclusive economic zone. Your current position?
- OK. We are at 18º, at this moment we are at 18º 06', 71º 50'.
- Course and speed?
- OK. We are [navigating] with course 230º, course 230º; speed 5 knots per hour, Sir.
- At what time, what day, what time do you estimate to enter?
- OK. We are entering tonight at 10.
- I remind you that we have 1 hour difference; so would it be today at 22:00?
- Correct, correct, correct.
- OK. One moment, please.
- OK. At 18º, the entry is at 18º 21', 72º 06'.
- OK. Position at 18º 21', 72º 06'; one moment, please, stay on frequency.
- [inaudible]
- Iván I, Playa Ancha.
- Go ahead, Sir.
- OK. Sorry for the delay but I had a problem with interference to the frequency. So are you telling me that you enter today at 22:00 at 18º 21', 72º 06'?
- Correct, Sir.
- Your exit, when is it scheduled?
- It is scheduled on Wednesday at two in the morning, Sir.
- On Wednesday, that is, the 4th, Wednesday 6th?
- Sure. Today is Monday, tomorrow Tuesday, Wednesday at 2 am.
- At what position?
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1001
-En la 19º 55', 73º 55' -¿En la posición 19º 55', 073º 55', para el día miércoles 06, a las 2 de la madrugada? -Correcto, señor. […] -Ya. Ahí estaba la confusión. El resto de los datos los tenemos completos. La posición actual la tenemos; he registrado entonces su solicitud de autorización, agosto 04, a las 18º 35'. La solicitud ha sido despachada para lo cual requiero que se mantenga en esta frecuencia, canal 817. Una vez yo tenga la respuesta, le estaría llamando para darle curso. Cambio. -Muchas gracias, le vamos a esperar a la escucha, señor. -Recibido, señor. Hasta luego. -Hasta lueguito. Autorización -Atento, Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. -Atento, estación, ¿quién llama a Valparaíso Playa Ancha radio? Cambio. -Ya. Por esta, la embarcación Iván I. -¿Entiendo Iván I? Cambio. -Positivo, Valparaíso. -A ver, Iván I, tengo mensaje para usted. A ver, mantenga… -Listo, le espero. -Iván I. -Adelante, Valparaíso. -Lunes 4 de agosto, 23:40, Iván I, tengo mensaje para usted de la autoridad marítima. Indique, listo, recibir. Cambio. -Acá estamos a la escucha, señor. -[inaudible] mensaje de la autoridad marítima al patrón de Iván I, autorización de cruce número 522 [inaudible]. 1) Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por la zona exclusiva chilena. Repito, autorizado a efectuar tránsito por zulu eco eco chilena. 2) Informar fecha, hora y posición de ingreso a zulu eco eco chilena. 3) Al momento de ingresar a zulu eco eco chilena, la navegación deberá efectuarse de forma ininterrumpida, y en caso de que por razones de emergencia deba bajar su velocidad, o mantenerse sobre máquinas, deberá informar novedad de inmediato a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. 4) Posiciones serán monitoreadas y vigiladas hasta salir de zulu eco eco chilena. 1002
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- At 19º 55', 73º 55'.
- At 19º 55', 073º 55', on Wednesday 6th, at two in the morning?
- Correct, Sir.
[…]
Authorization
- Attention, Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio.
- Attention, station, who is calling Valparaíso Playa Ancha radio? Over.
- OK. Here, vessel Iván I.
- I understand, Iván I? Over.
- Positive, Valparaíso.
- Let’s see, Iván I, I have a message for you. Let’s see, stay…
- Sure, I wait.
- Iván I.
- Go ahead, Valparaíso.
- Monday, August 4, 23:40, Iván I, I’ve got a message for you from the maritime authority. Indicate, ready, receive. Over.
- Here we are, Sir.
- [inaudible] message from the maritime authority to the master of Iván I, authorization of crossing number 522 [inaudible].
1) Authorized to transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone. I repeat, authorized to transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
2) Report date, time and position of entry into the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
3) When entering the Chilean exclusive economic zone, navigation must be carried out continuously, and in case of emergency, you must lower your speed or stay on machines, [and] you must immediately inform Valparaiso, Playa Ancha radio.
4) Positions will be monitored and controlled until [you] leave the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
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1003
5) Se prohíbe efectuar prospección y pesca extractiva durante tránsito por zulu eco eco chilena debiendo informar cada 6 horas posición, rumbo y velocidad. 6) Mantener en forma permanente escucha canal 817 durante tránsito por zulu eco eco chilena. 7) Al abandono zulu eco eco chilena, reportar hora y posición geográfica. 8) Informar consumo diario de combustible en navegación. 9) Dada la experiencia obtenida ante situaciones de emergencia, se sugiere continuar informando su posición mientras se encuentre en área SAR de Chile. Fin de texto solicito QSL Iván I. Cambio. -Recibido, señor. -Iván I, Playa Ancha radio, solicito me de su posición actual. Cambio. -Ya. Estoy en las coordenadas 18º 18', 72º 08', señor. -¿Rumbo y velocidad? -Rumbo 230º; velocidad, 5 nudos por hora, señor. -Recibido, Iván I. Solicito cuando ingrese en aguas nacionales, nos informe el momento de entrada. Cambio. -Recibido, señor. -Iván I, entonces será hasta la entrada a aguas nacionales o 02:00. Próximo comunicado, repito, 02:00. Cambio. -Ah, correcto, señor. Muchas gracias, señor. Se le agradece por ahí, bien. -Gracias. Buena navegación, hasta un próximo. 1004
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5) It is prohibited to conduct exploratory and extractive fishing during the transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone, [and you] must report every six hours, position, course and speed.
6) Keep continuously listening to channel 817 during the transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
7) After leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
8) Report daily fuel consumption during the navigation.
9) Given past experience of emergency situations, it is suggested that you keep reporting your position while you are in the SAR area of Chile. End of message. I request “QSL” Iván I. Over.
- Received, Sir.
- Iván I, Playa Ancha radio, I request your current position. Over.
- OK. I am at the coordinates 18º 18', 72º 08', Sir.
- Course and speed?
- Course 230º; speed, 5 knots per hour, Sir.
- Received, Iván I. I request that you report the moment of entry, when you enter national waters. Over.
- Received, Sir.
- Iván I, then it will be until entering national waters or 02:00. Next report, I repeat, 02:00. Over.
- Oh, correct, Sir. Many thanks, Sir. I appreciate it.
- Thanks. Good navigation, until next time.
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1005
EMBARCACIÓN ATENAS II, 16 DE FEBRERO DE 2009 Solicitud -Este es Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio [inaudible]. Cambio. -Por esta embarcación [inaudible] peruana Atenas II. -Atenas II, Playa Ancha radio, buenos días; buenos días ¿cuál es su requerimiento? Cambio. -Buenos días, señor. Señor, solicito autorización para cruzar aguas jurisdiccionales chilenas con destino a aguas internacionales. Cambio. -Un momento. -Gracias, señor. -¿Cuál es su número de matrícula? Cambio. -India, oscar, 2, 1, 3, 4, 3 [inaudible]. -¿De puerto de Ilo a aguas internacionales, correcto? -Conforme, señor, conforme. -¿La entrada para cuándo está programada y en qué posición? Cambio. -Estaría ingresando por la coordenada 18º 21' y 71º 42', el día de hoy, aproximadamente 15 horas, hora local. Cambio. -¿La salida para cuándo y en qué posición? -Por la coordenada latitud sur 24º 30' y la longitud oeste 074º 25'. Estaría saliendo el día 20, aproximadamente, 16 horas aproximadamente, señor. -¿Cuál es su posición actual? -Posición actual, en estos momentos, me encuentro en la latitud 17º 53' y longitud oeste 071º 30'. Cambio. -¿Qué rumbo y velocidad tiene? -Rumbo 205º; velocidad 4 nudos. […] -Correcto, señor. Señor, una preguntita, ¿tenemos 1 hora de diferencia, correcto? -2 horas, 2 horas respecto a Perú. En estos momentos tenemos las 9 de la mañana con 11 minutos, 9 con 11 hora local chilena. -Correcto, señor; acá es 7 de la mañana. Entonces mi ingreso sería 1 hora más señor, 1 hora más [inaudible]. -Su ingreso, o sea ¿a las 16 horas? -Correcto, señor, [inaudible] a las 16 horas. -¿Y la salida también 1 hora más? ¿17 horas? 1006
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Vessel Atenas II , 16 February 2009
Request
- This is Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio [inaudible]. Over.
- Here, Peruvian [inaudible] vessel Atenas II.
- Atenas II, Playa Ancha radio, good morning; good morning, which is your request? Over.
- Good morning, Sir. Good morning, Sir. Sir, I am requesting authorization to cross Chilean jurisdictional waters heading international waters. Over.
- One moment.
- Thanks, Sir.
- What is your registration number? Over.
- India, oscar, 2, 1, 3, 4, 3 [inaudible].
- From Port of Ilo to international waters, correct?
- Agreed, Sir, agreed.
- The entry, when is it scheduled and in what position? Over.
- I would be entering at 18º 21' and 71º 42', today, approximately at 15:00, local time. Over.
- The exit, when and in what position?
- At the coordinate[s] south latitude 24º 30' and west longitude 074º 25'. I would be leaving on the 20th, approximately at 16:00, approximately, Sir.
- Which is your current position?
- Current position, at this moment, I am at latitude 17º 53' and west longitude 071º 30'. Over.
- What course and speed?
- Course 205º; speed 4 knots.
[…]
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1007
-¿Y la salida también? -¿La salida señor la mantengo? -Espere, por favor, mantenga. -Correcto, señor. -Atento Atenas II, Playa Ancha. Cambio. Atenas II, Playa Ancha. Cambio. -Adelante, señor, le copio. -Le informo que de acuerdo a las coordenadas que usted me dio y a la velocidad y el rumbo que trae, usted estaría saliendo en 24º 00', 74º 11', para que corrija ahí 24º 00', 74º 11'. Cambio. -74º 11' [inaudible]. -24º 00', 74º 11', Western. -Un momento, señor. -¿Esa sería la posición de salida? -Un momento, señor. -OK. -Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio? -Adelante. -Por esta, Atenas II. Entonces mi salida variaría la hora; entonces mi salida sería para el día 20 y 10 horas aproximadamente, señor. -OK. Recibido, Atenas II. Solicito mantener escucha en este canal para la respuesta a su solicitud. -Correcto, señor, correcto. Buenos días. -Gracias, muy buenos días. Autorización -Atento embarcación peruana Atenas II, Atenas II este es Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. Embarcación peruana Atenas II, Atenas II, de Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. -Adelante señor, por esta, embarcación Atenas II, le copio. -Muy buen día señor; tengo mensaje para usted interrogativo, listo, recibir. -Correcto, señor. -Mensaje del Director de Seguridad y Operaciones Marítimas al patrón de la [inaudible] Atenas II. 1) Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por la zona económica exclusiva chilena. 2 Informar fecha, hora y posición de ingreso a zona económica exclusiva chilena. 3) Al momento de ingresar a la zona económica exclusiva chilena, la navegación deberá efectuarse de forma ininterrumpida, y en caso de que por razones de emergencia deba bajar su velocidad, o mantenerse sobre máquina, deberá informar novedad de inmediato a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio.
1008
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Authorization
- Attention, Peruvian vessel Atenas II, Atenas II this is Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Over. Peruvian vessel Atenas II, Atenas II, fromValparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Over.
- Go ahead, Sir, here, vessel Atenas II, I copy.
- Good morning, Sir, I’ve got a message for you; interrogative, ready, receive?
- Correct, Sir.
- Message from the Director of Maritime Security and Operations for the master of [inaudible] Atenas II.
1) Authorized to make transit through Chilean exclusive economic zone. Authorized to make transit through Chilean exclusive economic zone.
2) Report date, time and position of entry into Chilean exclusive economic zone.
3) When entering the Chilean exclusive economic zone, navigation must be carried out continuously, and in case of emergency, you must lower your speed or stay on machines, you must immediately inform Valparaiso, Playa Ancha radio.
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4) Posiciones serán monitoreadas y vigiladas hasta salir de la zona económica exclusiva chilena. 5) Se prohíbe efectuar prospección y pesca extractiva durante tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena debiendo informar cada 6 horas posición, rumbo y velocidad. 6) Mantener en forma permanente escucha canal 817 durante tránsito zona económica exclusiva chilena. 7) Al abandono de la zona económica exclusiva chilena, reportar hora y posición geográfica. 8) Informar consumo diario de combustible en navegación. 9) Dada la experiencia obtenida ante situaciones de emergencia, se sugiere continuar informando su posición mientras se encuentre en área SAR de Chile. --¿[inaudible] interrogativo recibido? -Recibido, señor. Recibido, conforme. -Al momento, por favor, ¿me da su posición? -Mi posición actual en este momento es latitud sur 18º 01' y longitud oeste 071º 34'. Cambio. -Ya. ¿Entiendo, 18º 01'? -Correcto, 18º 01' y la longitud 071º 34'. Cambio. -¿Rumbo y velocidad? -Rumbo 205º; velocidad, 4 nudos. -Recibido, Atenas II. Entonces una vez que ingrese usted a la zona económica exclusiva, me llama por este canal. Cambio. -Correcto, señor, correcto. -Listo, bueno, [inaudible]. -Hasta luego. -Buenos días, señor. 1010
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4) Positions will be monitored and controlled until leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
5) It is prohibited to conduct exploratory and extractive fishing during the transit through Chilean exclusive economic zone, [and you] must report, every six hours, [your] position, course and speed.
6) Keep continuously listening to channel 817 during the transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
7) After leaving Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
8) Report daily fuel consumption during the navigation.
9) Given past experience of emergency situations, it is suggested that you keep reporting your position while you are in the SAR area of Chile.
- [inaudible] interrogative, received?
- Received, Sir. Received, agreed.
- At this moment, please, can you give me your position?
- My current position, at this moment, is south latitude 18º 01' and west longitude 071º 34'. Over.
- OK. I understand, 18º 01'?
- Correct, 18º 01' and the longitude 071º 34'. Over.
- Course and speed?
- Course 205º; speed, 4 knots.
- Received, Atenas II. Then, once you enter the exclusive economic zone, call me through this channel. Over.
- Correct, Sir, correct.
- Perfect, [inaudible].
- See you later.
- Good morning, Sir.
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EMBARCACIÓN SEÑOR DE HUANCA, 26 DE MAYO DE 2009 Solicitud -Atento, embarcación peruana, ¿quién solicita? -Autorización para navegar por zona económica exclusiva de Chile, adelante. Cambio. -Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio; por esta, Señor de Huanca, Señor de Huanca, señor. -Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, buenos días. -Hola señor, muy buenos días, solicito autorización para cruzar aguas jurisdiccionales chilenas con destino a puerto de Ilo, vengo procedente de aguas internacionales, zona de pesca, señor. -Ya…a ver, Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio; solicita autorización para navegar por zona económica exclusiva de Chile, de aguas internacionales a puerto de Ilo ¿correcto? -Correcto. -Ya usted cuando hizo la salida, ¿cruzó la zona económica exclusiva? ¿cuándo es la salida? Cambio. -Repítame, señor. -Le solicito ¿usted cruzó la zona económica exclusiva de Chile para salir a aguas internacionales? -Sí, señor, hace como 10 días también con rumbo 270º para abajo, señor. -Ya. ¿Usted no cruzó la zona económica exclusiva de Chile para su salida? Cambio. -Correcto, señor, correcto, correcto. -De Playa Ancha radio, recibido. La latitud, ¿para cuándo tiene la entrada, supuestada la entrada? Cambio. -Sería, en este momento, sería en la 19º 20'; 73º 43'. -Ya a ver, le solicito a usted me indique a qué hora tentativamente estaría entrando en la zona económica exclusiva de Chile. Cambio. -Estaría [inaudible] entrando en 1 hora [inaudible]. -¿En 1 hora más? Cambio. -Correcto, señor. -Ya. [inaudible] toda solicitud a la zona económica exclusiva debe hacerla [inaudible] ¿me copió? Son las 9 de la mañana, hora chilena, le voy a solicitar esta autorización para las 11 de la mañana. Cambio. -Correcto, señor, entonces está bien, le escucho por acá, señor. -OK. ¿La latitud y longitud de entrada? -Latitud 19º 20', longitud 73º 43'. -A ver, mantenga voy a verificar la posición de entrada, mantenga. -Correcto, señor. ALTA MAR - ILO-------------- 1012
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HIGH SEAS-ILO
---------------
Vessel Señor de Huanca, 26 May 2009
Request
- Listening, Peruvian vessel, who is requesting?
- Authorization to navigate in the exclusive economic zone of Chile, forward. Over.
- Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio; here, Señor de Huanca, Señor de Huanca, Sir.
- Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, Good morning.
- Hello Sir, good morning, I request authorization to cross Chilean jurisdictional waters in direction of Port of Ilo, I am arriving from international waters, fishing zone, Sir.
- Ok … let’s see, Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio; you are requesting authorization to navigate through the Chilean exclusive economic zone, coming from international waters to Port of Ilo, is that correct?
- Correct.
- Ok, when was your departure? Have you crossed the exclusive economic zone? When is your departure? Over.
- Repeat, Sir.
- I asked did you go through Chile’s exclusive economic zone to go out to international waters?
- Yes, Sir, about ten days ago, also direction 270° downwards, Sir.
- Ok. You didn’t cross Chile’s exclusive economic zone when departing? Over.
- Correct, Sir, correct, correct.
- De Playa Ancha radio, received. The latitude, when is your entry date, the planned entry? Over?
- It would be now, at about 19º 20'; 73º 43'.
- Ok, let’s see, I asked you to indicate at about what time you would be entering Chile’s exclusive economic zone. Over.
- It would be [inaudible] entering in one hour [inaudible].
- In another hour? Over.
- Correct, Sir.
- Ok? I [inaudible] any request regarding the exclusive economic zone must be done at least by [inaudible] Received? It is 9 o’clock in the morning, Chilean time, I will request this authorization for 11 o’clock. Over.
- Correct, Sir, so it’s ok, I can hear you here, Sir.
- Ok. What are the latitude and longitude of the entry?
- Latitude 19º 20', longitude 73º 43'.
- Let’s see, wait a minute I will check the entry position, wait.
- Correct, Sir.
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-A ver, Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, ¿me indica su posición actual? Cambio. -Señor, posición actual ahí, ahorita me encuentro ahí, ahí, ahí…19º 20', 73º 43'. -Ya. Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, le informo que en este momento usted se encuentra dentro de la zona económica exclusiva de Chile. Cambio. -Ya, pero ¿dónde? este…señor…el punto de latitud por acá, ¿por dónde es? ¿73º 4'? -Ya. En la 19º 20' el punto de entrada es 073º 52', 073º 52', ese es el punto de entrada en latitud 19º 20'. Cambio. -Ya. Correcto. Entonces, señor, voy a apagar la máquina, señor, entonces. -Le sugiero por favor que se mantenga en el límite, mientras no reciba la autorización se mantenga en el límite. Cambio. -Correcto, señor, voy a parar la máquina, señor. -OK, señor. ¿Usted va a adoptar qué rumbo ahora? Cambio. -Rumbo a puerto 5.7º, señor 5.7º. -No, ¿usted me dijo que iba a salir [inaudible] a buscar qué rumbo? Cambio. -Rumbo a puerto de Ilo es 5.7º, señor, 5.7º. -Ya. Usted me acaba de indicar, de acuerdo con lo que yo le informé que se encontraba dentro de la zona económica exclusiva, aproximadamente 10 millas, 10 millas adentro, adentro de la zona económica exclusiva. Usted me indicó que iba a mantenerse fuera de la zona económica exclusiva, por eso le pregunto ¿cuál es el rumbo que va a adoptar? Cambio. -¿Me repite, señor? -Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. -Adelante, señor, le escucho. -Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, le vuelvo a informar que usted se encuentra a 10 millas al interior de la zona económica exclusiva de Chile y sin autorización para estar en esa zona, le sugiero que usted adopte el rumbo y su posición en la siguiente posición 19º 20' , 19º 20' por 73º 52', 73º 52'. A ver, ¿dígame si copió? -Sí, señor, sí le escuché, le escuché, señor. -[inaudible] si hay alguna patrullera que lo detiene porque usted va a estar navegando por la zona económica exclusiva sin autorización [inaudible] es para su competencia. Cambio. -Correcto, señor [inaudible] voy a, volveré, fuera de la línea me voy a mantener, señor. -OK, recibido. [inaudible] La salida, ¿para cuándo es la salida supuestada? -La salida sería para el 27, 21 horas, hora chilena, señor. -¿27, 21:00? ¿Latitud de salida? -Latitud 18º 21' y longitud 72º 15'. -¿72º 15'? 1014
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- Let’s see, Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio. Could you give me your current position? Over.
- Sir, current position here, just now …19º 20', 73º 43'.
- Ok. Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, I must inform you that you are currently within Chile’s exclusive economic zone. Over.
- Yes, but, where? But … Sir…the point of latitude here, where is it? 73º 4'?
- Yes. At 19º 20' the entry point is 073º 52', 073º 52', this is the entry point on latitude 19º 20'. Over.
- Yes. Correct. Then, Sir, I will turn off the machines then Sir.
- May I suggest that you remain at the limit until you receive authorization, stay at the limit. Over.
- Correct, Sir, I will stop the machines, Sir.
- OK, Sir. Which course are you going to take now? Over.
- Course to port 5.7º, sir 5.7º.
- No, you told me you were departing [inaudible] in which direction? Over.
- Course to Port of Ilo is 5.7º, Sir, 5.7º.
- Ok. You just indicated me to, according to what you just told me that you were within the exclusive economic zone, approximately ten miles, ten miles inside it, inside the exclusive economic zone. You indicated that you would remain outside the exclusive economic zone. This is why I am asking which direction you are going to take? Over.
- Do you receive me, Sir?
- Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio. Over.
- Go ahead, Sir, I can hear you.
- Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, I inform you once again that you are located ten miles within the exclusive economic zone of Chile and [you] do not have previous authorization to be in this zone. I suggest you take the direction and your position at the following position 19º 20', 19º 20' by 73º 52', 73º 52'. Do you copy that?
- Yes, Sir, I heard you, Sir.
- [inaudible] if any police Patrol arrests you because you are going to be navigating within the exclusive economic zone without authorization [inaudible] it is your responsibility. Over.
- Correct, Sir [inaudible] I will go, I will go back outside the line and I will stay there, Sir.
- OK, received. [Inaudible] The departure, when is the estimated departure?
- The departure would be for 27th, 21 hours, Chilean time, Sir.
- 27th, 21:00? Latitude of departure?
- Latitude 18º 21' y longitude 72º 15'.
- 72º 15'?
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-Correcto, señor. -De Playa Ancha radio, confirme entonces que usted va a retromarchar [inaudible] ¿velocidad? Cambio. -Correcto, señor, correcto, correcto. -¿Con qué velocidad? Cambio. -Ahí va, 4.5 señor con rumbo 210º, 220º. -De Playa Ancha radio, recibido, señor; mantenga, por favor, mantenga. -Correcto, señor. […] -Correcto, señor. -De Playa Ancha radio, recibido [inaudible]. Mantenerse en esta misma frecuencia y me escucha una vez que llega al punto [inaudible] me informa, señor. -Correcto, señor, correcto. -OK. [inaudible] le trasmito su solicitud. -Correcto, señor. Autorización -Señor de Huanca, Señor de Huanca, Doña Paula, Doña Paula, Playa Ancha radio; mensaje. Cambio. -Adelante, acá Señor de Huanca. -Señor de Huanca, recibido, espere. Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio, mensaje. Cambio. -Adelante, acá Señor de Huanca. -OK, Señor de Huanca, recibido, espere, espero uno. Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. -Recibido. -¿Quién habla? Cambio. Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. A Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, ¿listo a recibir mensaje? A Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio ¿listo a recibir mensaje? Hola, Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. -Adelante. -Ya. Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio; mensaje número 261144, 261144 del Director de Seguridad y Operaciones Marítimas al patrón de la lancha motor peruana Señor de Huanca, india oscar 21207. 1) Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por la zona exclusiva chilena. 2) Informar fecha y hora y posición de ingreso a zona económica exclusiva chilena. 3) Al momento de ingresar a la zona económica exclusiva chilena, la navegación deberá efectuarse de forma ininterrumpida, y en caso de que
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- Correct, Sir.
[…]
Authorization
- Señor de Huanca, Señor de Huanca, Doña Paula, Doña Paula, Playa Ancha radio; message. Over.
- Go ahead, here Señor de Huanca.
- Señor de Huanca, received, wait. Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio; message. Over.
- Go ahead, here Señor de Huanca.
- OK, Señor de Huanca, received, wait, wait a second. Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. Over.
- Received.
- Who is speaking? Over. Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. Over. Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. Over. To Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio, ready to receive message? To Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio ready to receive message? Hello, Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio. Over.
- Go ahead.
- OK. Señor de Huanca, Playa Ancha radio; message number 261144, 261144 from the Director of Maritime Security and Operations to the master of the Peruvian craft Señor de Huanca, india oscar 21207.
1) Authorized to make transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
2) Report date, time and position of entry into the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
3) When entering the Chilean exclusive economic zone, navigation must be carried out continuously, and in case of emergency, you must lower your speed or stay
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por razones de emergencia deba bajar su velocidad, o mantenerse sobre máquinas, deberá informar novedad de inmediato a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. 4) Posiciones serán monitoreadas y vigiladas hasta salir de la zona económica exclusiva chilena. 5) Se prohíbe efectuar prospección y pesca extractiva durante tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena debiendo informar cada 6 horas posición, rumbo y velocidad. 6) Mantener en forma permanente escucha canal 817 durante tránsito zona económica exclusiva chilena. 7) Al abandono de la zona económica exclusiva chilena, reportar hora y posición geográfica. 8) Informar consumo diario de combustible en navegación. Fin del mensaje, indique si recibió, Señor de Huanca. Cambio. -Correcto, señor, recibido el mensaje. -Ya, déme su posición actual. Cambio. -Posición actual, 19º 12', 73º 50', señor. -¿Qué rumbo y velocidad va estar? Cambio. -5.7º rumbo; velocidad, 4.5 a 4.7, señor. -¿Y qué rumbo? Cambio. -5.7º, señor, 5.7º. -[inaudible] Señor de Huanca, recibido, recibido. Próximo reporte será a las 14:00. Cambio. -Correcto, señor, correcto. -Hasta luego, señor. -Hasta luego, señor. 1018
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on machines, [and] you must immediately inform Valparaiso, Playa Ancha radio.
4) Positions will be monitored and controlled until leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
5) It is prohibited to conduct exploratory and extractive fishing during the transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone, [and you] must report every six hours, [your] position, course and speed.
6) Keep continuously listening to channel 817 during transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
7) After leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
8) Report daily fuel consumption during navigation. End of Message. Tell me if you received, Señor de Huanca. Over.
- Correct, Sir, message received.
- OK, give me your current location. Over.
- Current location, 19º 12', 73º 50', Sir.
- What course and speed will you set? Over.
- Course 5.7º ; speed from 4.5 to 4.7, Sir.
- What course? Over.
- 5.7º, Sir, 5.7º.
- [inaudible] Señor de Huanca, received, received. Next report will be 14:00. Over.
- Correct, Sir, correct.
- See you later, Sir.
- See you later, Sir.
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EMBARCACIÓN LUIS ÁNGEL I, 2 DE JUNIO DE 2009 Solicitud -Luis Ángel I, Playa Ancha. -Adelante, señor. -¿Su matrícula? -India oscar 1875 bravo mai. -A ver, ¿me lo repite, por favor? Repita la matrícula. -Io 1785 bravo mai. -¿17? -17585. -Ah, ¿17585 bravo mai, correcto? -Correcto, señor. -Ah, gracias. ¿Cuál es su solicitud? -Solicito que me de permiso para entrar por zona económica exclusiva de Chile, señor. -¿De dónde, hacia dónde? -De zona economic, perdón, de aguas internacionales a puerto de Ilo. -Ya. ¿Cuándo haría la entrada y dónde? -Para el día de hoy, a las 12:30 [inaudible], longitud 073º 46'. Cambio. -Ya. ¿Y la salida, cuándo sería y en qué punto? -La salida sería para el día miércoles 3 de junio a las 7:30 de la mañana por la latitud 18º 21' y la longitud 072º 19'. Cambio. -¿Su posición actual? -Latitud 19º 38', longitud 074º 06'. Cambio. -¿19º 38' sur con 74º 06'? -Correcto, señor. -¿Rumbo y velocidad? -Rumbo 053º, velocidad 5.5 nudos. […] -Ya. Manténgase en escucha en este canal que siendo el 2, las 07:53, 07:53 hora chilena, doy por recibida su solicitud. Manténgase en esta frecuencia para la respuesta de las autoridades marítimas, que tenga buena navegación y buen día. -Muy agradecido. Autorización -[inaudible]. -¿Cuál es su posición? Cambio. 1020
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Vessel Luis Ángel I, 2 June 2009
Request
- Luis Ángel I, Playa Ancha.
- Yes go ahead Sir, Sir.
- Your registration number?
- India oscar 1875 bravo may.
- Let’s see. Could you repeat please? Repeat the registration number.
- Io 1785 bravo may.
- 17?
- 17585.
- Ah, 17585 bravo may, correct?
- Correct, Sir.
- Ah, thank you. What is your request?
- I request permission to enter the exclusive economic zone of Chile, Sir.
- Where from and where to?
- From the economic, sorry, from international waters to Port of Ilo.
- Ok. When would you enter and where?
- For today, at 12:30 [inaudible], longitude 073º 46'. Over.
- Ok. And the departure, when will that be and at what point?
- The departure will be on Wednesday, June 3, at 7:30 am at latitude 18º 21' and longitude 072º 19'. Over.
- Your current position?
- Latitude 19º 38', longitude 074º 06'. Over.
- 19º 38' South and 74º 06'?
- Correct, Sir.
- Course and speed?
- Course 053º, speed 5.5 knots.
[…]
Authorization
- [inaudible].
- What is your position? Over.
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-[inaudible]. -Sí, correcto, [inaudible] yo le estoy monitoreando la recepción de la respuesta por parte de las autoridades marítimas. -[inaudible]. -¿Me está copiando bien? Cambio. -Sí [inaudible], copiando. -Ya. Correcto. Manténganse en la frecuencia, en estos momentos he recibido respuesta por parte de las autoridades marítimas. ¿[inaudible] tomar nota? -Sí, señor, sí señor. -No cuelgue, un momento, que también tengo la de, a ver, Yanela, Yanela de Valparaíso, Playa Ancha. -Adelante, señor. -Buenos días, tengo mensaje de la autoridad marítima. ¿Todo listo para tomar nota? -Ya [inaudible]. -Entonces es junio 02, 11:20 horas; junio 02, 11:24, 11 24 hora local de Chile, para Yanela india oscar 23440 y Luis Ángel I, matrícula india oscar 17585 bravo mai del director de seguridad y operaciones marítimas. Autorización de cruce número 488 para Yanela, número 488 para Lima mai Yanela y autorización de cruce 489, 489 para Luis Ángel I. [inaudible]. 1) Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena. Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena. 2) Informar fecha hora y posición de ingreso a zona económica exclusiva chilena. 3) Al momento de ingresar a zona económica exclusiva chilena, la navegación deberá efectuarse de forma ininterrumpida, y en caso de que por razones de emergencia deba bajar su velocidad, o mantenerse sobre máquinas, deberá informar novedad de inmediato a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. 4) Posiciones serán monitoreadas y vigiladas hasta salir de la zona económica exclusiva chilena. 5) Se prohíbe efectuar prospección y pesca extractiva durante tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena debiendo informar cada 6 horas posición, rumbo y velocidad. 6) Mantener en forma permanente escucha canal 817 durante tránsito zona económica exclusiva chilena. 7) Al abandono de zona económica exclusiva chilena, reportar hora y posición geográfica. 8) Informar consumo diario de combustible en navegación. Eso es diariamente a las 8:00 y 20:00 horas, respectivamente, esto es todo para Luis Ángel I. Fin de mensaje, Luis Ángel I. 1022
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- [inaudible].
- Yes, correct, [inaudible] I am monitoring the reception of the answer from the maritime authorities.
- [inaudible].
- Are you copying well? Over.
- Yes [inaudible], copying.
- OK. Correct. Stay on frequency, at this moment I have received an answer from the maritime authorities. [inaudible] take note?
- Yes, Sir, yes.
- Do not hang up, one moment, because I have the answer too for, let me see, Yanela, Yanela de Valparaíso, Playa Ancha.
- Go ahead, Sir.
- Good morning, I got a message from the maritime authority. All set to take note?
- OK [inaudible].
- So, it is June 2, 11:20; June 2, 11:24, 11 24, local time in Chile, to Yanela india oscar 23440 and Luis Ángel I, registration india oscar 17585 bravo may from the Director of Security and Maritime Operations. Permission of crossing, number 488 to Yanela, number 488 to Lima may Yanela and permission of crossing, number 489, 489 to Luis Ángel I. [inaudible].
1) Authorized to make transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone. Authorized to make transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
2) Report date, time and position of entry into the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
3) When entering the Chilean exclusive economic zone, navigation must be carried out continuously, and in case of emergency, you must lower [your] speed or stay on machines, you must immediately inform Valparaiso, Playa Ancha radio.
4) Positions will be monitored and controlled until leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
5) It is prohibited to conduct exploratory and extractive fishing during transit through Chilean exclusive economic zone, [and you] must report every six hours, position, course and speed.
6) Keep continuously listening to channel 817 during transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
7) After leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
8) Report daily fuel consumption during navigation. This is daily at 8:00 and 20:00,
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-Recibido, señor, informativo para el punto número 7; no lo copié bien, por favor. -¿Me indica su posición? -Que me repita el punto número 7, por favor. -¿El punto número 7? -Correcto, señor. -Al hacer abandono de zona económica exclusiva chilena, reportar hora y posición geográfica. -Recibido, señor. -¿Me indica su actual posición? -Latitud 19º [inaudible] y 073º [inaudible]. -Entiendo 19º 52' sur, y longitud 073º? -50', señor. -¿50'? -Correcto. -¿Rumbo y velocidad? -5.5 velocidad, [inaudible]. -A ver, no le copié el rumbo. -0.53º. -Ah, 053º. Recibido, entonces, Luis Ángel I. Le debo hacer la bienvenida tenga usted una navegación sin novedad. Su próximo contacto para su primer reporte sería a las 14:00, 14:00 horas. Cambio. -Recibido, señor. Muy agradecido. -Hasta luego. 1024
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respectively, this is all for Luis Ángel I. End of message, Luis Ángel I.
- Received, Sir, information for point number 7; I could not copy very well, please.
- Can you indicate your position?
- Please, repeat point number 7.
- Point, number 7?
- Correct, Sir.
- After leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
- Received, Sir.
- Can you indicate your current position?
- Latitude 19º [inaudible] and 073º [inaudible].
- I understand 19º 52' South, and longitude 073º?
- 50', Sir.
- 50'?
- Correct.
- Course and speed?
- 5.5, speed, [inaudible].
- Let me see, I could not copy the course.
- 53º.
- 53º. Received, then, Luis Ángel I. I welcome you and may you have no problems navigating. Next contact for first report will be at 14:00, 14:00. Over.
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EMBARCACIÓN DOÑA PAULA, 25 DE AGOSTO DE 2009 Solicitud -Agosto 25, hora 09:00 local. Doña Paula, este es Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio, buenos días. -Buenos días, señor; solicitando permiso para ingresar a aguas chilenas de aguas internacionales con rumbo al puerto de Ilo, señor. -Recibido conforme. ¿Me confirma su matrícula, por favor? -Ya. La matrícula es TF 23 003, señor. -¿Su posición actual? -Ya. Posición actual 20º 32', longitud 74º 27', señor. -¿Rumbo y velocidad? -Ya. Rumbo 45º; velocidad 5.5, señor. -¿A qué hora estiman entrar en aguas chilenas? -Ya, más o menos señor, aproximadamente dentro de 5 horas, señor. -¿A las 14 horas? -Correcto, señor. -¿En qué posición? -Por la 20º 12', 74 02', señor. -¿Cuándo estima la salida? -Ya. La salida la estimo para el día 27, 27 08, hora [inaudible]. -¿En qué posición? -Ya. Por la 18º 21', 71º 50', señor. -Recibido, Doña Paula. Por favor, mantenga…Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha; Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. -Adelante, señor, le escucho. -Usted me dijo que su punto de entrada lo había establecido en latitud 20º 12' con 74º 02'… -Ya. Correcto, señor. -Pero en ese punto aun se encuentra demasiado fuera de la zona económica exclusiva chilena. El límite de entrada con el rumbo que usted lleva debiese ser en latitud 19º 58' y longitud 073º 46'. Cambio. -Ya, señor, 46' ya. O sea, estoy demasiado fuera, señor, ¿me confirma? -Sí, correcto. A ver, mantenga, por favor, mantenga. -Ya. Correcto, señor. -Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio. -Lo escucho, señor. -OK. Con el rumbo 045º, su punto de entrada se va a establecer en la latitud 20º 13' y la longitud 073º 46'. Esto es a 27 millas náuticas de la posición en la que usted se encuentra. Cambio. -¿27 millas? ¿Me confirma, señor? 1026
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Vessel Doña Paula, 25 August 2009
Request
- August 25, local time 09:00. Doña Paula, this is Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Good morning.
- Good morning, Sir. I am requesting permission to enter Chilean waters from international waters, direction Port of Ilo, Sir.
- Received, agreed. Can you confirm your registration, please?
- Sure. The registration is TF 23 003, Sir.
- Your current location?
- Sure. Current location 20º 32', longitude 74º 27', Sir.
- Course and speed?
- Sure. Course 45º; speed 5.5, Sir.
- At what time do you estimate entering Chilean waters?
- Sure, more or less, Sir, approximately in five hours, Sir.
- 14:00?
- Correct, Sir.
- What location?
- At 20º 12', 74 02', Sir.
- When do you estimate exiting?
- Sure. The estimated exit time is the 27th, 17:08 [inaudible].
- At what location?
- Sure. At 18º 21', 71º 50', Sir.
- Received, Doña Paula. Please, stay on line…Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha; Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio.
- Go ahead, Sir, I am listening.
- You said that your point of entry would be at 20º 12' and 74º 02'…
- Sure. Correct, Sir.
- But at that point, you are still a long way out of the Chilean exclusive economic zone. The limit of entry with the course you set should be at latitude 19º 58' and longitude 073º 46'. Over.
- Sure, Sir, 46', sure. So, I am too far out, Sir, can you confirm?
- Yes, correct. So…stay on line, please, stay on line.
- Sure. Correct, Sir.
- Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio.
- I hear you, Sir.
- OK. With course 045º, your point of entry is going to be at latitude 20º 13' and longitude 073º 46'. This is 27 nautical miles from the location in which you are. Over.
- 27 miles? Can you confirm, Sir?
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-Afirmativo, por la velocidad que usted lleva, aproximadamente 5 horas. -Sí, correcto, señor; correcto, 5 horas. -Entonces se mantiene la hora de entrada pero variamos el punto, repito con el rumbo 045º, 20º 13' y 73º 46'. Cambio. -Ya, correcto, señor. Es correcto. -Dejamos ese punto como el punto de entrada. Mantenga, por favor. OK, ahí estamos entonces con la ruta de acuerdo a los límites de la zona económica exclusiva de Chile. Seguimos con los datos: ¿el color del casco, por favor? […] -Recibido, conforme, Doña Paula I. Por favor, nos mantenemos en escucha en este canal, canal 817, en espera de la autorización de cruce. -Correcto señor, estaré en la espera señor. -Buenos días [inaudible]. Autorización -Agosto 25, hora 13:33 local, embarcación peruana Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, aquí Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio; Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. Embarcación peruana Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio, Playa Ancha radio. Cambio. Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio, buenas tardes, tengo mensaje para usted. -Ya. Correcto, le escucho, señor. -Mensaje sigue, mensaje número 25 13:02, agosto 2009, autorización de cruce número 764 del Director de Seguridad y Operaciones Marítimas a la embarcación peruana Doña Paula I. 1) Autorizado a efectuar tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena. 2) Informar fecha, hora y posición de ingreso a zona económica exclusiva chilena. 3) Al momento de ingresar a zona económica exclusiva chilena, la navegación deberá efectuarse en forma ininterrumpida, y en caso que por razones de emergencia deba bajar su velocidad, o mantenerse sobre máquinas, deberá informar novedad de inmediato a Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. 4) Posiciones serán monitoreadas y vigiladas hasta salir de zona económica exclusiva chilena. 5) Se prohíbe efectuar prospección y pesca extractiva durante tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena debiendo informar cada 6 horas, posición, rumbo y velocidad. 6) Mantener en forma permanente escucha canal 817 durante tránsito por zona económica exclusiva chilena. 1028
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- Affirmative, with the speed you set, approximately five hours.
- Yes, correct, Sir; correct, five hours.
- Then, we keep the time of entry but we change the point, I repeat, with the course 045º, 20º 13' and 73º 46'. Over.
- Sure, correct, sir. It is correct.
- We leave that point as point of entry. Stay on line, please. OK, there we have the route in accordance with the limits of the Chilean exclusive economic zone. Let’s continue with the rest of the information.
-
[…]
Authorization
- August 25, 13:33 local time, Peruvian vessel Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, here Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio; Valparaíso, Playa Ancha radio. Over. Peruvian vessel Doña Paula I, Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio, Playa Ancha radio. Over. Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha radio, good afternoon, I have a message for you.
- Sure. Correct, I hear you, Sir.
- Following message, number 25 13:02, August 2009, permission to cross number 764 from the Director of Maritime Security and Operations to Peruvian vessel Doña Paula I.
1) Authorized to transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
2) Report date, time and position of entry into the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
3) When entering the Chilean exclusive economic zone, navigation must be carried out continuously, and in case of emergency you must lower your speed or stay on machines, you must immediately inform Valparaiso, Playa Ancha radio.
4) Positions will be monitored and controlled until you leave the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
5) It is prohibited to conduct exploratory and extractive fishing during the transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone, [and you] must report every six hours, [your] position, course and speed.
6) Keep continuously listening to channel 817 during the transit through the Chilean exclusive economic zone.
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7) Al abandonar zona económica exclusiva chilena reportar hora y posición geográfica. 8) Informar consumo diario de combustible durante la navegación. Fin de Mensaje. Cambio. -Por aquí copie correctamente, señor. -Recibido, conforme. Doña Paula I, es tan amable de darme su posición actual, por favor? -Correcto, señor [inaudible] 20º 16', 74º 01'. -¿20º 16', 74º 01'? -Correcto, señor. -¿El rumbo y velocidad? -La velocidad 5.5; rumbo 45º, señor. -Rumbo 045º; velocidad 5.5. -Correcto, señor. -A ver, mantenga, por favor, mantenga Doña Paula. -Correcto, señor. -Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha. -Le escucho, señor. -Todavía le están quedando alrededor de 3 horas para su ingreso. -Ya. Correcto, señor. -A la hora que esté ingresando lo llamo, señor. -Correcto, a ver ¿a qué hora estima ingresar? ¿Alrededor de las 17 horas? Cambio. -Ya. Correcto, señor, o sea el reporte lo [inaudible]. -Sí, correcto, mientras no esté dentro de la jurisdicción, el reporte lo omitimos; yo voy a estar en escucha luego, reporte a las 16, 17 horas para verificar su ingreso. Cambio. -Ya. Correcto, agradecido, señor. Le informaré a su debido momento, señor. -Recibido, conforme, le escucho, buenas tardes. -Muy buenas tardes, señor. 1030
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7) After leaving the Chilean exclusive economic zone, report time and geographical position.
8) Report daily fuel consumption during navigation. End of Message
- I copied correctly, Sir.
- Received, agreed. Doña Paula I, do you mind telling me your current position, please?
- Correct, Sir [inaudible] 20º 16', 74º 01’.
- 20º 16', 74º 01’?
- Correct, Sir.
- Course and speed?
- Speed 5.5; course 45º, Sir.
- Course 045º; speed 5.5.
- Correct, Sir.
- Let’s see, stay on line, please, stay on line Doña Paula.
- Correct, Sir.
- Doña Paula I, Playa Ancha.
- I hear you, Sir.
- You still have three hours until your entry.
- Sure. Correct, Sir.
- I will call you at the time of entry, Sir.
- Correct, let me see, at what time do you estimate entering? Around 17:00? Over.
- Sure. Correct, Sir, so, the report [inaudible].
- Yes, correct, we leave out the report while you are not inside the jurisdiction. I will pay attention [to it] afterwards, so report at 16 or 17:00 to verify your entry. Over.
- Sure. Correct, I appreciate it, Sir. I will inform at the due moment, Sir.
- Received, agreed. I hear you; good afternoon.
- Good afternoon, Sir.
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WRITINGS OF PUBLICISTS (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)
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M. F. Agüero Colunga, Delimitación Marítima del Perú con Ecuador y con Chile, 1990
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[…]
The key point of the present research work is the existence of a critical reality in our international relations: until now Peru has not signed with Ecuador, nor with Chile, specific maritime delimitation treaties; however, in practice the separation of the Peruvian maritime dominion and that of the northern and southern neighbouring countries is effected by applying the method of the geographic parallel. The use of this method is detrimental to Peru because, due to the orientation of its coasts, the coastline forms acute angles at its two lateral ends, which results in a substantial impairment to the maritime area over which our country could exercise rights of sovereignty and jurisdiction if the method of the median or equidistant line were applied for the achievement of an equitable lateral delimitation for the three countries.
[…]
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[…]
The research which we will conduct seeks to demonstrate that none of the instruments interpreted as maritime delimitation treaties is such, so that it would be advisable to be able to sign real treaties with both Ecuador and Chile on the matter.
[…]
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[…]
The coastal line measures 3,079.50Km, from the boundary with Ecuador at Boca de Capones, which was established by the Protocol of Rio de Janeiro, up to the boundary with Chile established by the Treaty of 1929 and demarcated by Hito No. 1.
[…]
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[…]
The peculiarity of this case is that there is no indication as to whether the parallel had to be considered as the dividing line between the two hundred-mile maritime zones drawn from the continental territory of each one of the declarant States.
The logical reasoning would suggest that, were one not to assume the latter, the reference to the islands would be nonsensical, as there would be no reason for their maritime zones to be limited
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in their extension by a line which is different from the one that could mark the separation between the maritime zones of each one of the States, drawn from the continental territory. Notwithstanding the above, we are of the opinion that we cannot presuppose an agreement between the three parties regarding the delimitation of their two hundred-mile maritime zones drawn from their continental coasts, which would imply the existence of a maritime boundary treaty, for the sole purpose of ensuring coherence to the part of the Declaration which refers to the maritime zone of the islands, and neither is the Santiago Declaration an international treaty, nor – as we have seen – does it actually address precisely maritime boundaries between the signatory States.
[…]
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M. F. Agüero Colunga, Consideraciones para la delimitación marítima del Perú, 2001
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Diagram No. 15
Comparison between the outer limit of the 200-mile maritime zone of Peru drawn following the geographic parallels, and drawn following a constant distance of the same extension
A, B and C: Overlapping of spaces.- Peru-Ecuador (A) and Peru and Chile (B and C). D: “No one’s area”, which meaning will be explained at pages 323-4.
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[...]
Besides the striking fact that the Declaration – formulated to publicize to the international community a decision on maritime policy – included a provision regarding the delimitation of the maritime zone corresponding to the insular territory, it is also surprising that it does not provide any indication as to whether this parallel shall be considered also as the dividing line between the 200-mile maritime zones projected from the continental territory of each of the declarant States.
A hasty reasoning suggests that this should be taken for granted, since otherwise the reference to islands would be nonsensical, as there would be no reason for their maritime zones to be limited in their extension by a line which is different from the one which would mark the separation between the general [continental] maritime zones of each of the declarant States. This interpretation must be rejected because one cannot assume the existence of an agreement between the three countries on the delimitation of their 200-mile maritime zones drawn from the continental coasts, which would presuppose the conclusion of a maritime boundary treaty, merely in order to ensure coherence with the part of the Declaration which refers to the maritime zones of the islands, when the Santiago Declaration is neither an international treaty, nor does it address precisely maritime boundaries between the signatory States.
[…]
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[...]
For that purpose, a neutral zone was created starting at 12 miles [from the coast]and extending to a breadth of 10 miles on either side of the parallel which, according to the text of the Agreement, “constitutes the maritime boundary between the two countries”, a statement which is probably based on the erroneous supposition that it [the boundary] had been established by the Santiago Declaration of 1952, while, in fact – as
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was already set out – the said instrument adopted the geographic parallel only for the exceptional situation of the presence of an island, implying contrario sensu that for the general delimitation, the boundary should follow another criterion. Thus, the reference which is made in the Agreement relating to a special maritime frontier zone is flawed by an error and cannot be validly invoked, since it is based on a non-existent supposition.
[...]
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[…]
• Determination of the point at which the common land frontier reaches the sea
It has been indicated in the present Chapter (see page 303) that on the Peru-Chile land frontier the closest boundary marker to the sea is [Hito] No. 1, which is called “Hito seashore” [orilla del mar] and is located at the coordinates 18°21'03" Latitude South and 70°22'56" Longitude West; and which, notwithstanding its denomination, does not reach the sea.
Indeed, between this marker and the sea, there are approximately 126 meters which have not been determined but which are to be [determined] before Peru and Chile start negotiating the treaty for the lateral delimitation of their respective maritime zones.
[…]
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Diagram No. 21
Projection of the Peru-Chile land frontier to the point at which it reaches the sea
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[…]
As has already been mentioned, provisionally and until a maritime delimitation treaty between the two countries may be signed, the geographic parallel passing through Hito No. 1 of the common land frontier has been applied for the practical purpose of separating their respective competences in the sea area. This allows Chile to maintain unchanged its maritime area up to 200 miles along all its coast, while Peru sees its [maritime area] significantly reduced.
In this respect, Admiral Faura notes that the Departments which have been seriously affected by the use of the geographic parallel are, from the south to the north: Tacna, which has only between 0 and 40 miles of sea in front of its coasts; Moquegua, with a sea of between 40 and 74 miles; and Arequipa, with 74 to 200 miles, the latter corresponding to a small portion of this Department.
In summary, it has been estimated that Peru’s maritime dominion would actually have been reduced, for the benefit of Chile, by about 10 000 square miles, a figure which is obtained by comparing the result obtained by the use of the geographic parallel with the result that one would obtain by drawing an equidistant line which equitably divides the potential overlap of maritime areas between Peru and Chile. (See Diagram No. 22.)
[…]
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[…]
• No one’s area [Área de nadie]
The case of the so-called “no one’s area” is really peculiar. How the use of the geographic parallel passing through the point at which the Peru-Chile land frontier reaches the sea for the separation of the jurisdiction of the two countries would imply a cut-off of Peru’s maritime dominion of about 10 000 square miles in favour of Chile was explained in the previous section.
Thus, as stated in the present Chapter (see page 240), Peru has been imposing limitations upon itself, through its internal legislation, for the lateral projection of its 200-mile maritime zone. From this auto-limitation arises the so-called “no one’s area”, that is, an extension of sea which, although it should be located within the 200-mile maritime zone projected from the Peruvian coast, and since it does not overlap with the maritime zone over which Chile currently exercises rights, remains part of the high seas. (See Diagram No. 22.)
[…]
The reader shall note that the consideration of the “no one’s area” could have been addressed more appropriately in the section dedicated to Peru’s unilateral maritime delimitation. Even though this is true, its inclusion in the section on Peru-Chile maritime delimitation issues has been preferred, because the recovery of such extension of sea would entail the configuration of a situation which has not existed so far, with consequences on the bilateral relation: a portion of the sea adjacent to the coasts of Chile would no longer abut the high seas and would start abutting the maritime dominion of Peru.
[…]
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L. M. Alexander, “Baseline Delimitations and Maritime Boundaries”, Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 23, 1983, p. 503
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E. W. Anderson, International Boundaries – a Geopolitical Atlas, 2003
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A, Arias-Schreiber, “Fundamentos de la Soberanía Marítima del Perú”, Revista de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas, XXXIVth year, Nos I-II, 1970, p. 35.
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[…]
On the other hand, one should bear in mind that the 200-mile limit has been upheld in an international agreement: the Santiago Declaration signed in 1952 by Chile, Ecuador and Peru. Pursuant to this declaration, the three states proclaimed, as a norm of their international maritime policy, exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction which corresponds to each one of them over the sea adjacent to their Coasts up to a minimum distance of 200 miles. In this respect, the three aforementioned countries have created a sub-regional system known as the Conference of the South Pacific, with a Permanent Commission, a Secretary-General and two Legal and Scientific Under-Secretaries, as well as corresponding Committees, and which has held periodical meetings and has produced a considerable number of agreements and complementary regulations.
[…]
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A. Arias-Schreiber, “Delimitación de la frontera marítima entre Perú y Chile”, Revista Peruana de Derecho Internacional, Vol. LI, January-June 2001, No. 117, p. 13
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I. NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
In synthesis, it relates to the fact that, since 1954, the line of the geographic parallel has been applied as the frontier boundary of the maritime zones of Peru and Chile, despite there not being a specific treaty of delimitation of that frontier between the two countries, that this line is inequitable for one of the parties, and that it gives rise to regrettable incidents, causing prejudice to fishermen, tension and grudges.
[…]
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[…]
Although it is true that when Chile, Ecuador and Peru signed the Santiago Declaration of 1952 a territorial sea of up to the 12 miles, the exclusive economic zone, and the continental shelf, up to the 200 miles, had not yet been adopted as universally recognized concepts, the median or equidistant line and the principle of equity were already [being] applied as usual and reasonable rules for maritime delimitation between neighbouring States
However, when at the end of 1954 the three states negotiated the adoption of a fishing tolerance zone, under the title of “Agreement Relating to a Special Maritime Frontier Zone”, “a special zone at a distance of 12 nautical miles from the coast, extending to a breadth of 10 nautical miles on either side of the parallel which constitutes the maritime boundary between the two countries” was established. In proceeding this way,
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using a formula proposed by the Ecuadorean delegation, we started from the erroneous supposition that the Santiago Declaration had adopted the line of the geographic parallel as a general rule applicable to the delimitation of the continental maritime zones, and not as a specific rule for certain islands with the characteristics already mentioned.
[…]
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[…]
But apart from the incident itself, and taking up the thread of this study, what is relevant and conclusive is that the 1968 and 1969 minutes and the erection of alignment lighthouses towards the sea are subject to the same inconsistency of the instrument on which they are grounded, which is no other than the Agreement of 1954, since the wrong interpretation of the parallel line as a frontier boundary, not only of certain islands but also of zones adjacent to the continental coasts, is derived from it.
[…]
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J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law, 1987
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J. M. Bákula, El Dominio Marítimo del Perú, 1985
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[…]
11.4.1.2. The delimitation of the maritime zone.
The final consideration on these issues concerns another very important topic. I mean that, according to Supreme Decree No. 781, the adjacent zone is measured “following the line of the geographic parallels”; thus the separation line between the neighbouring countries also follows the line of the geographic parallel of the point at which the land frontier reaches the coast. In the case of Chile, for example, point “Concordia” signals the separation parallel between the Peruvian and Chilean zones, which results in a reduction of the Peruvian zone, calculated in many thousands of square miles, while the separation line shall follow other criteria, essentially the principle of equity – “spirit of understanding and cooperation” mentioned in Art. 74(3) of the Convention on the Law of the Sea – and, concerning the territorial sea:
“…the median line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the baselines…” (Art. 15)
as, otherwise, an unreasonable and unfair situation may arise as a consequence of which Peru would not only abstain from including the abovementioned area, but would be seriously affected as regards its fishing interests and security,
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if it is recalled that, in applying the method of the geographic parallels, the waters under Chilean jurisdiction, on the parallel of Quilca, would be 90 miles in front of Lomas – measured following the perpendicular which corresponds to the drawing of constant distances as opposed to parallels – and the extreme point – 200 miles away – of the “Concordia” point is 120 miles in front of Camaná, a point to which the Chilean zone, the perimeter of which follows the method of “a mathematical parallel projected seawards at a distance of 200 miles”, that is to say, the same as that proposed by the Supreme Resolution of 15 January 1955, cannot extend.
[…]
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J. M. Bákula, Perú: Entre la Realidad y la Utopía – 180 Años de Política Exterior, Vol. II, 2002
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[…]
…In 1954, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru agreed to create a “Special Maritime Frontier Zone”, intended to avoid repeated incidents caused by “small vessels manned by crews with insufficient knowledge of navigation”, and for the purposes of which a sui generis area was established “at a distance of 12 nautical miles” (beyond the territorial sea – Ecuador had provided for such breadth at that time, namely the distance within which State sovereignty is exercised), extending to a breadth of 10 miles, on either side of the parallel indicated as the dividing line, in a sort of “no one’s waters”; and the building of alignment lighthouses was agreed upon for the better operation of [this zone].
[…]
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[…]
In any event, given that it was a restrictive norm, exceptional, and equally tentative as the whole system which was being created, its interpretation could not be or be understood in the light of a more extensive criterion; and besides its precise definition (transcribed above), to conclude with the distortion of attributing the parallel or the “special zone” the function of a proper international
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boundary. An elementary analysis of the principles of legal interpretation would have sufficed to clarify any error. Regrettably it has not been the case; and the discussions on this topic have corrupted the use of words and principles.
[…]
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[…]
“It is unnecessary – it was said at that time – to emphasize the convenience of preventing the difficulties that would derive from the absence of an express and appropriate maritime demarcation; or from a deficiency of it which might affect friendly relations between
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Chile and Peru.” This was the first presentation, through diplomatic channels, that the Peruvian government formulated to the government of Chile, based on the reasons and circumstances set out above.
This situation was maintained since then. In my opinion, the Fujimori administration committed a serious omission when, by express order of the head of State, it failed to correct some statements made by Chilean sources which insisted on considering the “special maritime frontier zone” as an international boundary, in order not to disrupt – according to him – conversations regarding pending obligations, notwithstanding the precise observations made by technical offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs which were conveyed to the minister. It was in very recent times that, in a very specific situation, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs renewed this first approach by communicating to the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and by recording at the UN (Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea), by reference to the nautical charts presented by Chile, that the government of Peru “has not signed any agreement, treaty or convention on the delimitation of its maritime frontier” (Note No. RE (GAB) No. 6-4/134 of 17 December 2000, addressed to the Embassy of Chile in Lima).
[…]
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P. Beazley, “Technical Considerations in Maritime Delimitations”, in J. I. Charney and L. M. Alexander (eds), International Maritime Boundaries, Vol. I, 1993, p. 243
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J. Beer-Gabel, “Variations sur la notion de frontière maritime”, in Indemer (ed.), Droit de la mer – Etudes dédiées au Doyen Claude-Albert Colliard, 1992, p. 11
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J. Beer-Gabel, “Accords de délimitation”, in Indemer (ed.),
Le processus de délimitation maritime étude d’un cas fictif, Colloque International, 2004, p. 323
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G. Blake, “World maritime boundary delimitation: the state of play” in G. Blake (ed.), Maritime Boundaries and Ocean Resources, 1987, p. 3
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G. Blake and R. Swarbrick, “Hydrocarbons and International Boundaries: A Global Overview”, in G. Blake, M. Pratt, C. Schofield and J. A. Brown (eds), Boundaries and Energy: Problems and Prospects, 1998, p. 3
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E. Collins Jr. and M. A. Rogoff, “The International Law of Maritime Boundary Delimitation”, Maine Law Review, Vol. 34, 1982, p. 1
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P. J. Cook and C. M. Carleton, “Introduction”, in P. J. Cook and C. M. Carleton (eds), Continental Shelf Limits, The Scientific and Legal Interface, 2000, p. 3
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G. Despeux, Droit de la délimitation maritime – Commentaire de quelques décisions plutoniennes, 2000
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G. Faura Gaig, El Mar Peruano y sus Límites, 1977
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[…]
The 200-mile extension along the parallel which passes through the point at which the land frontier reaches the sea considerably restricts the 200-mile extension of our sea, and is effective only from San Nicolas to the north, decreasing unexpectedly towards the southern frontier with Chile. Thus, the distances in miles from the following points of our coast to the parallel of the land frontier with Chile in its extension of 200 miles are: Chala 150, Atico 128, Camaná 100, Mollendo 80, Ilo 40, Sama 20.
[…]
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EPILOGUE
There are certain elements of judgement which shall be taken into account when reaching conclusions regarding the delimitation of our maritime boundary to the south, such as: 1) Extension of our maritime demarcation in the Pacific Ocean, 2) The delimitation through the parallel is disproportionate, 3) Non-existence of a boundary treaty, 4) Ratified agreements, 5) Chile’s position on the Declaration on the Maritime Zone, 6) Optimum relations between our Governments.
1) Extension of our maritime demarcation.– In our maritime demarcation, we have omitted the triangular-shaped area in front of the coasts of Arequipa and Moquegua, between Lomas and Ilo, within the Peruvian 200 miles and outside the 200 miles from the Chilean coasts, which extends to the south of the parallel of the point at which the land frontier reaches the sea with an extension of approximately 8,560 square miles (29,360.80km2) and which, by not being currently considered as within our boundaries, would start belonging to the International Zone, given that the only country to which it belongs is Peru, as it is within its 200 miles, excluding the possibility of claims to such space from any other countries, since it is located at a distance greater than the one indicated.
[…]
2) The delimitation through the parallel is disproportionate.– We have seen that considering the parallel of the land frontier as the maritime boundary with Chile is a completely inadequate solution since it does not take into consideration the orientation and configuration of the coasts of the States, and for this reason the parallel was discarded as a boundary method by the International Law Commission preparing the Geneva Conference of 1958, while it was agreed to consider the median line,
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which was proposed at that Conference and at the current Third Conference of the United Nations on the Law of the Sea which is taking place.
The departments which remain seriously affected by the boundary of the parallel passing through the point at which the land frontier reaches the sea are: Tacna, with a sea [area] of between 0 and 40 miles in front of its coasts; Moquegua between 40 and 74 miles and Arequipa from 74 to 200 miles, the latter distance corresponding only to the narrow coast between Lomas and the boundary with the department of Ica, for a distance of 14 miles.
[…]
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The interest of the Nation above any other consideration, calls for the correction of our maritime delimitation.
[…]
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E. Ferrero Costa, El Nuevo Derecho del Mar –
El Perú y las 200 Millas, 1979
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[…]
With regard to the status and enforceability of the Declaration on the Maritime Zone or Santiago Declaration, it was approved and ratified by Peru through Legislative Resolution No. 12305 of 6 May of 1955, just as Ecuador and Chile had done some months earlier82. Thus, the Declaration constitutes at the domestic level a rule in the highest hierarchy and at the external level a sub-regional multilateral treaty, binding upon the three signatory states.
82. Chile approved and ratified the Declaration by Decree No. 432 of 23 September 1954 and Ecuador by Decree No. 275 of 7 February of 1955.
[…]
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Boundaries with Neighbouring States
In light of the non-existence of a treaty especially concluded between Chile, Ecuador and Peru establishing the boundaries of their maritime frontiers, the interpretation has been that the said limits have been established following the geographic parallel; that is, many consider that the parallel of the land frontier to the North is the maritime boundary with Ecuador, and that the parallel of the land frontier to the South is the maritime boundary with Chile.
The interpretation of the delimitation of the maritime boundaries following the geographic parallel arises out of the content of two international instruments, already mentioned above, approved by the countries of the South Pacific, which are the Santiago Declaration of 1952 and the Agreement Relating to a Special Maritime Frontier Zone of 1954.
[…]
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[…]
The delimitation of the boundary to the South following the geographic parallel, results in two zones located in front of Peru’s coasts being outside the jurisdiction of the Peruvian state, one of these zones remaining under Chile’s jurisdiction and the other one simply in the international area, beyond any state’s jurisdiction.
Regarding the first zone, as shown on the map (as Zone A), when adopting the boundary [following] the parallel of the point at which the land frontier reaches the sea, the Departments of Peru which remain seriously affected in relation to Chile are Arequipa, which has a sea [covering] between 200 to 74 miles, Moquegua between 74 to 40 miles and Tacna, whose sea under Peruvian jurisdiction adjacent to its coasts [covers] only between 40 and 0 miles at the frontier point.
[…]
On the other hand, the map also shows that with the maritime delimitation following the parallel, Peru’s jurisdiction over a triangular-shaped area is
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omitted in front of the coasts of Arequipa and Moquegua, between Lomas and Ilo, within the Peruvian 200 miles, but outside the 200 miles off the coasts of Chile (which is shown on the Map as Zone B).
[…]
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M. Flores Palomino, La Zona Costera del Perú: Un Ensayo de Interpretación y Proposición de su Organización para su Administración, 1989
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SUMMARY
Peru is located in the central and western part of South America and is a riparian of the Pacific Ocean. Its maritime coast, at an angle to the meridians, extends approximately 2,330Km between parallel lines projected from the frontier limits from 3º23' L.S. at Punta Capones on the frontier with Ecuador up to 18º20' L.S. at the Concordia line of the frontier with Chile.
The maritime dominion of Peru between the coastline and the adjacent sea up to 200 nautical miles forms part, ecologically, of another larger ecosystem: that of the Southeast Pacific. Part of this maritime dominion bordering the coast can be considered to be the coastal maritime dominion and together with the continental coastal dominion, constitutes the Peruvian Coastal Zone.
[…]
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Maritime Jurisdiction
By Supreme Decree No. 781 of 1 August 1947, it was established that the sovereignty and jurisdiction of Peru extends over the sea adjacent to the coasts of the national territory up to the distance of 200 nautical miles including the continental and insular submarine platform and the resources and riches of every kind which are within it.
The said rule was signed by Peru (ref. 1) Chile and Ecuador with the 1952 Declaration of Santiago, and reiterated the Doctrine of its international maritime policy of exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction up to a minimum distance of 200 miles, and
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was established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (ref. 7.).
With regard to national legislation (ref. 12) the 1979 Political Constitution of Peru specifies in article 98.– that the Maritime Dominion comprises the sea adjacent to its coasts, and its seabed and subsoil, up to the distance of 200 nautical miles measured from the baselines which the law establishes and, in this sphere, Peru exercises sovereignty and jurisdiction according to law and the international agreements ratified by the Republic.
The surface of the Peruvian Maritime Dominion (Diagram No. 2) is an area of approximately 252,000 square nautical miles, equal to 863,000km2; this surface represents 67% of the continental surface of 1,285,215.6km2. Its limits are determined by the projection of 3º23' Lat. South (coastal frontier with Ecuador) and 18º20' Lat. South (coastal frontier with Chile) up to 200 miles westwards, projected on the baselines to be established (Diagram 2.).
[…]
The extent of the maritime coast between the above parallels: 3º23' and 18º20', Latitude South, reach two estimated lengths: 2,330Km long, following a line at an angle to the coast’s inclination, and 3,080Km long, following the contours of the coast (Diagram 2.).
[…]
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E. Gounaris, “The Delimitation of the Continental Shelf of Islands: Some Observations”, Revue Hellénique de droit international, Vol. 33, 1980, p. 111
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D. N. Hutchinson, “The Significance of the Registration or Non-Registration of an International Agreement in Determining Whether or Not it is a Treaty”, in S. Davidson (ed.), The Law of Treaties, 2004, p. 265
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P. C. Jessup, The Law of Territorial Waters and Maritime Jurisdiction, 1927
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C. Lathrop, “The technical aspects of international maritime boundary, depiction and recovery”, in Ocean Development and International Law, Vol. 28, 1997, p. 167
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P. Martínez de Pinillos, Geografía Humana del Perú y del Mundo, 1952
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MINISTRY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
Human Geography of Peru and the World
FOR THE SECOND YEAR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
BY
Pedro Martínez de Pinillos
OFFICIAL TEXTBOOK
LIMA – PERU
1952
[...]
Surface of Peru – The present continental surface of our territory is 1,311,030.545 km2 (including the surface of lakes and islands). The present maritime surface is approximately 626,240 km2 (1)., from the parallels which limit our Coast to the north and to the south, up to an imaginary line of 200 nautical miles to the West of the coast and which preserves its sinuosities. The two [areas] add up a total of 1,937,270 km2, which is the current total surface of Peru.
(1) Information provided by professor Eráclides Vergaray Lara.
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A. G. Oude Elferink, “Does Undisputed Title to a Maritime Zone Always Exclude its Delimitation: The Grey Area Issue”, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 13(2), 1998, p. 143
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M. Pratt (ed.), Jane’s Exclusive Economic Zones 2002-2003, 4th edn, 2002
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M. Rodríguez Cuadros, La Soberanía Marítima del Perú – La Controversia entre el Perú y Chile, 1st edn, 2010
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LA CONTROVERSIA ENTRE EL PERÚ Y CHILE91cumple el objetivo expreso de evitar incidentes con ‘gentes de mar con escasos conocimientos de náutica’, no resulta adecuado para satisfacer las exigencias de la seguridad ni para la mejor atención de la administración de los recursos marinos, con el agravante de que una interpretación extensiva, podría generar una notoria situación inequitativa y de riesgo, en desmedro de los legítimos intereses del Perú, que aparecerían gravemente lesionados”.La definición de nuevos espacios marítimos, como consecuen-cia de la aprobación de la Convención sobre el Derecho del Mar, que contó con el voto del Perú y de Chile, la incorporación de sus principios a la legislación interna de los países, agregaba un nivel de urgencia, pues ambos Estados deberán definir las características de su mar territorial, de la zona contigua y de la zona económica exclusiva, así como de la plataforma continental, o sea el suelo y el subsuelo del mar, también hasta las 200 millas, incluyendo la refe-rencia a la delimitación de dichos espacios en la vecindad interna-cional.La misión Bákula no tuvo continuidad. Fue un hecho aislado. Más allá de la nota que la embajada peruana hizo llegar a la can-cillería chilena adjuntando un memorándum que resumía lo seña-lado por el enviado especial, no se efectúo la indispensable acción oficial para plantear la necesidad formal de proceder a la delimita-ción marítima conforme al derecho internacional. No hubo, después de esa visita, ninguna iniciativa de política exterior en ese sentido. Sin embargo, la misión Bákula si bien es cierto que no produ-jo consultas formales sobre el tema de la delimitación, sí planteó el tema a la cancillería chilena como una reflexión que invitaba a pensar sobre el significado y las consecuencias de los nuevos espacios ma-rítimos establecidos por la Convención del Mar de 1982, así como sobre la conveniencia que el Perú y Chile procediesen a delimitar sus respectivas zonas marítimas. LA CONTROVERSIA ENTRE EL PERÚ Y CHILE3
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[...]
The Bákula mission did not have continuity. It was an isolated event. Beyond the note the Peruvian embassy sent to the Chilean Ministry of Foreign Affairs attaching a memorandum summarizing the remarks of the special envoy, official action, which is indispensable to set out the formal necessity to proceed to the maritime delimitation in accordance with international law, was not taken. After that visit, there was no foreign policy initiative to that effect.
[...]
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H. A. Smith, The Law and Custom of the Sea, 2nd edn, 1950
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M. Vegas, “El Mar Peruano: Un Ambiente Natural - La Conservación y Utilización de sus Recursos”, in E. Ferrero Costa (ed.), El Perú, El Medio Ambiente y El Desarrollo, 1992, p. 151
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A. Wagner de Reyna, Los Límites del Perú, 1961
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[…]
Boundaries with Chile. The Peru-Chile frontier was established by the 1929 Treaty; it runs parallel to the railway from Arica to La Paz, and [at a distance of] ten kilometres from it, but turning as appropriate so that the sulphur mine of Tacora is left on the Chilean side and [in order] to cross the centre of Laguna Blanca, very close to the railway. The line ends on the seashore of the Pacific Ocean at a boundary marker (Concordia) which is located at 18º21'03''S., which is the southernmost point of Peru.
[…]
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C. H. M. Waldock, “The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case”, British Yearbook of International Law, Vol. 28, 1951, p. 133
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S. Whittemore Boggs, “Delimitation of the Territorial Sea: The Method of Delimitation Proposed by the Delegation of the United States at the Hague Conference for the Codification of International Law”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 24, 1930, p. 541
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M. Zahraa, “Prospective Anglo-Scottish Maritime Boundary Revisited”, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 12(1), 2001, p. 77
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