1N'SI..I~.ATIO-J:\I, . .OU1<T . -... .J,...ICE - - -.- .- ..
. .. ...-.. - - .. . . ...-..-.-. ,..-. . - -.- .-. ---. -- --- - - -
L->LEADINGSO , ltilL AJZGUMENTS,DOCUMENTS
. INTERHANDEL CASE
(S\\'l'~XI<i<l~:\K 1) i:. 1-Xl'l'l<ll S'F:imrl<SOF AfiIEI<LC:i) 72
SECTION B.-IZEQUEST FOR THE INDICATION
OF INTERIM MEASURES OF lJROTECTION
/ l'rnrrslntio~i 6y Iliclic~islry]
1. 'CHE rIG13NT F.IjIi THE GOVI3RNWENT 01; 'ME SV155
COi\;FI<I)EII!\TIO?l:IIN 'CHI: INTERHANI3EI- LASI' '1'0
THE II13G 1STlltZR OF 'TH 13COUIZT
'I'ficHaguc, Octobcr 3rd, I!)57.
Sir,
(1) 1 Ii;~t.(tliihiiiiciiirtcirt.fc,rto th[: Alililicatiun ndd~~css~td ritlii:
liitcbr.iiioiiiil Ccilirt tif Jiisticc oii Octohcr rst, 1357. itistiliit iii~
I)Iocrc(1iiig.; iiiilic1i;lltiftliclf;ovt:rriinctît of tlic Swiss Ciiiifctli:r;iticiti
;~~;liiist tljt-~~OVV~IIII~~:II~of tl~v1jiiiti:cIStates of Anicric;~?;LII(I ,l)
cciiif~ii-~riitwitlr :irticlc 4r tif ilic Statiitc anil Articlc Gr clf tlii:
liiilc~sof (3ti~irt.irisillinrit ;Ircrlucst fur tlic iiirlicatir~iiliy tlic C;ciiirl
tif tlii: ititeririi mcasurcs of ~)rotcctioii which sho~ilcl bc trikc~i iii
iirtlcr tu s:ifcgiiard tlic 1-iglitsof flic Swiss ITedcr;ilGovcrninent.
(2) 'Slic prcwnt rCq1icst SC~;L~CS tu thc I~TOCCCC~III~S institut cc1 1i.v
tlie 5wiss C;ovcriiincrzt against tlzc Govcrrirnent of tlic L'riitctl
5tritcs oii Octobcr ztîd.
(3) ?'hc:rights to Ilc protcctetl ;irethc riglits of tlic Sais5 (;O\-cril-
iiicrit tri cnsure thnt its tratintitil, thc SociClF fizlcrrrnficiiictlc fir~~rv
i>rri.licifinljulr.siiirfi~sl~it~l.t:r.unlriii.vi:i~iiof Basle (lx Ir ~rt.\> ii~1.3,
hiiiilltir- ti-c.:itclsii cti~ifosntity\vitIl iritertiritio~iril lnw ancl, iri 1i:ir-
1ICIII;II-s11;iIi iai~joy~IIP f~illrixlits st:ciirc(i 10 it !>?+~IIC ;I~~~Y*IIIC-II~
co~icltirlcrlIict \vcihiiC;i\~itzci.l:iiin ~irltlic Allies (in Mxy 25tli. Ir)dfi
(\\;asIii~igtciii:\ccord). ..copy (if tliis agi-cciizci-it\\.a:II~IICXC~ to tlzc
;'il~l~lic;ltinn(Anr~cs 2).
(4) III th: vicw of tlic Siviss Gri\.crniiicnt, thc ~iriricililcs \,y \iliidi
tlic Lotirt, :ictiri;: iititlvr ili-ticlc 41 of tlic 5t:itute and ilrticlc 61
of tliv ltulcs, sliriiiltlhc guiclccliii decidii-i;:\vhetlzcr ir~tcrii-iiIiic;isiircs
of ~)rotcct ici1slzriiiltihc iiidic;~tcrl,arc, anlong othcss, tlzc ~iriiiçil~lcs
\vliiçli wcre surnr-li:irizctlin thc lüst dccision givcn b\: tlic Pcrii~riii~~iit
('oiii-tO[ Intcrii;itio~~:iI -iistic~:;in draliiis u.ith suc11 :trvcliicst, t lit:
Coiirt tlcclarcd :
" ... tlit> p;u.tit.s 10 n C;ISC iiii~st ;iI~st;iÈil froiii ;iii!-III(*;~SIII.C
cal>;il>lc (if t.sercisi~ig ;i ~~rvjiidicialcffcct in rcgrirtl to tliib
cxc~ciitioiiof tlic tlucisioii tu bc gi\-en aiid, iizgcncral, iirit :illow
aiii; sic./)cil ;lii!-kirid trl bc: t:ikciz 1i.hic11i-izight-gs;iv:itc iir
ibstc~irl tlic clisliiitc" (C;asc cif ttic IZlcctric~ty Cutrii)riii!. of
5rili;i aiitl I<iilg:iri;i, rvclucst for tlic inrlicatiotl of i~itcririi
III(~;~~~~I-LS~f l~~-t~Lt:cti ;~)l'G.I..] ., Rep(3rts 1920, 5c~-i(as.\/13,
Xo, 70, 11. IO^^). Cf. r~l~?l>.C.I.*].,Scrics A, Xo. S,30. 12,
5cr.ics 11/13, So. qS, Nu. 54, Y». 58. 111 tlic Ordcr iiîadc !>y tlic Iiitcriiritional Court of Justicc iri tlic
.'iiiglo-1ratzinn Oil Coriipany casc, clated J ul y 5th, 195 1 (l.C../.
1i'epurt.s T~Y, p. 9.%), tlîc Coiirt cslircssly stated that thc indicaticiri
(ifi~~tcrirnmcrisurcs of prntcctiori in tio ~vxyprejuclgcclthe rlucstiti~i
O( tlic jiiristlicticin tiftlic Loiri-t to dcnl with the nicrits of thc cnsc.
~iiiclIclt utinffcctcd the riglit of tlic lics~i~inrlcntto submit iirgumciits
itgniiist such j~ri~çlicti~~l;thc Court considcrcd that the objcct of
ii~tcrim incasurcs of ~irotcction priiviclcd for in the Statutc wns tri
~)r~w~-\.ttl~ ic rt:specti\-c rights of tlic lb;irtics pcridiiig tlic clccisioli
iii tlicbLri1ir.t; ;iiitl;iIsti tliat, frtiiii tlic gciicrlil tcrriis uf :'irticle 41
of tliv 5t :it~it~, ;i~i(frtiii~tl~clio\\~r rect~gt~izccb !y -4rticIc 61, p;ir;L-
;s;ipli (!, of tlic li~ilc'sof (30111-tt,o itid~çatc iiitcrini nîeasiirct; ri[
~)i.oti.cticiiiprt~)I~io 111i1111,t iollo~rt~~tlli;tt tlic Covrt miist Iic cciii-
ci.riit.rlto ~>rcscr\-~ 1~,s sticli 1nt:;isiircsthc rights ivhich niiglit hi:
3iilis~rli~'Iltl~n 'tijiitigcti hy tlic cciiirt to bclnrig cithcr icitlic +j~i~)Ii-
cii~ittir tci tlit:licsliniitlctlt.
(5) 'l'l-ic\vords "ici tlic csccution of tlic dccision to bc givcii",
c>i~litaiiir*itiltl~i: Liliri\-c-iiic~~ti clcncirlcinof thc l'et-i-ilnrientcou]-t
ri!"11ili.i-11;itioii:Jdiistici: i12 tlic çnsc of thc Elcçtricity Curni~niiyuf
51ifia ;i~i(lItiilg;iria, niiist bc coiistriictl i~iri:latioii tu thc rcyinratitrti
i\liicli llirb11:irtysiibiiiittiil~ ilic raliicst for iritcriiil incasurcs iif
~~rutcctio~s ~ccks t~i obtririi iii thc casc rcfcrrcrl to Slic Court. III
rii1rr.i-\vol-tls,;it tlic tiiiîc i\.licn thc rcqucst is inadc, tliere is still
1111(2i:(:isiiii011 111th ~SSL~ i1.1icth~rth^ CIE~~ toIIthc snid rcpni-litioii
i, 13 ~itjt ~~l.ll-liiiiridc+d :.iltliuugli it cannot be k~iuii~i ~it t1i:ti
5t;r:;i:of tliï ir;isiirlic>tlicrtlic Cciiirt ii-il1fiilnlll-upliold siich :i c1;iiiii
r ri1lo1,t lit.p;ii-ics iii:~!liCrr:clii~>stcd tn nlistaiti frotri tkikirlg1iicasuI'c.c;
\i.liicl\coiiltl iii~ikcLE prriiiil~tcsc.çutiiiii nf tlic juclgincnt impossiblt:,
,liii~ilr tlic Coiirt l>rriiiciiiiicctii fa\-OUIo -f ttic claitli.
'flic cliiiiiis iihicli tIic 5ivisç Ckvci-nmc:i~tiç putting forn~rird iii
~Iiil 111.~~11 'é '(IIIC'Sarc SC^ fort11 in its .4lililicntiui1 iri3titiitin;:
~iro~c~t:diiigs r,iiid ii~çliirlcthc rc3stitutioti of thosc of tl-ic asscts uf
tII(.Ititcb1i;iiidc-1COIIII);LI~>~n'l~icli\ifcrc\~c.stcdas encm! ~'irulicrt!.
tIli# .\lic>ll'i-o~)k>rt(y .i~sttitli:iiof tl~cLiiitui Statrs (jf :1111cric; i S?
III1111:;iJtibriiati\:ib;r liiiciiiig1)).tlic Loiirt thnt tlic Linitcrl 5t:itch tif
.~\i~i~~i-iics,111i(lt91- ti~uhllgi~ 1io11,11rlilc~ SLLC~I cuiiditio[i~ it WII 1
l)~,[!)I.!lit*L'oiirt t(1 s l ) i h ~tcii~111)iiiittlit*~lispi~tc( :;oiiccr~~i~i llc.
1IItLVI-II;LIcI~ ~)I~ii~~:iit!. ii~~~~r~i;~ti~ji~ i~ic:l c~;~tl:ttlciiic~iî, l)irtk-
iiq>II c(~r~cili:it~(~~i.
.'iccrii-dsiigl!,,tlic I:ciiirtiir:i!.fiiiiillj-clcciclcthrit tlic C;o~criiiiiciit
iiitlic l'iiii~brl5tritcs of :11iici-icnis utîiler ;in cibliçation tu rcstoi-c
tliih,it)oi-r:-iiii~iit1011~1~irtipcrty tir-;~t lcnst tu sti2-iliiittlic diqiiiti.
c-iiiicc:rrîiiiitlic 1iilrrli;iiiili-l c01111):111 u!i:idcr ccrtniii conrlitiriii~ tri
iitibsii;~1tonaI jiirliciill scttlcii-iciit, :iiliitrnticiti or coiicilicitioil. ZNTEKIhI JlE.ASUI<ish 01; PIIOTECTIOS (3 S 57)
74
has scrious grounds for hclicvitlg tl-rat, in thc cveiit of its clairnç a5
just statcd bcing uplicld b!- tlic Court, it rnaybc impossible for tllc
Court's: dccisiotî to hc crirricrl out, should thc Intcrhanclcl proyicrt!.
vcstcd in thc Alicti IJropcrt! Cur;tcirlinri,thc i-cstitution of \\.hic11
is clairricrl,EI;LI .~cri ~ncariu.liiletrünsierrcrl to thi1.J ~iartics. This
impüssi~)ilitytu cscctitc a jtirlgn~cnt jri fnvriurof Çi~itzcrlancl a.niilii
involvc il-rcpara1)lcrlrimiigc,the tiicw ~iossibilityof which, riccorcliiig
to the jurisl)riiclcncc of thr Pcrizza~~critCoiirt of 1ntcrnriti~iri;il
justiçc, justifius ititci-in1rricasiircs:vl jirutcctiuri (P.C.I.J., Scrics :\,
Nu. S, 1).7; 5cr-icbXI13,No. 45, ji.2SS).
(7) Tlie reasons of thc C;\vissGo~crnmcnt for belicving that a
ciccision gi\-cn 11- tlic Çciiirt iri its fa\-oi~r rniglit be inçapnhlc nf
csccut ivn ;ireas folluws :
((4 Ili tlic 11otcscnt II?;tlic Siviss Lcgatioil to thc Departmcrit of
Stntc of iliigust qth, 19j0, thc Swiss Govcrtlrnent nskctl for
ni-bitrnt icitior crinciliatirin ~irocccrlitigirircspcct of its rcrliicst
for tlic* ;isscts tif 1iitcrli:i~iclcl,ivliiclin tlic 5wiss vicw u~.~-i.
x\~iiii~l~-liillc2iv tlic I'iiitcd St;itcs of ~lmcriça. In orrlcr tri
~mott~l tlic i-iglits \~fliicliiiiiglit evc~~t~iriiicIicltitu i3clci1itri
51vitï.c.lr;iricl cir its i~atioiials iti aric of thcsc intcrriatiot~iil
~)~*crccdurcs tl,ic5iviss Govcrnmc~it recliicstcd thnt tllc sl'cttifs
quo shoiilcl Iic 111~iint:lincc iilntil ccin-il-iletiif tlie proceediti,q,..i
iii~vliiclitl~cpartics werc cng;~gccl.ln its natc of .yat~iinry+IItli,
19 57. tlie 1)cli;~rtnictit of Statc flritl~l rcfusrd to tnkc Ihis
scrliicst itito coi~siclerntioii. Tliis 1s \r-hat tlic 11epartmt.rît of
Stntc saicl ciritlic priiiit:
,O
...'Hie iiotc of Aiigiist:9, 1956, su&gcsts that liri~iciplcsof
guod faitli, ivliicli iinderlic tlic aiithorit~. of the International
Court of Justice to tnkc npprcipriate precautionary measurcs.
rcclliirc that this Goverriment inaintain the stntrts gitri. \Ve
takc this rcclucst tri he one ro rcfrriin frvm rnaking ail! snlc
of ilic CicncrnIAiiiliric:ii~dI;ilril s11:ircsto rvliichdaim is~narlc.
,lhc 1-cclucstfur ~n;ii~itciianccof thc slulirs qlru fallv witli tlii
rcclucst [tir arliitratioiz, fr)r thc ~iriricililcs nbovc (lisciissr'tl
art. cclu:illy al~plrcable tu tlic rctlucst for müintcrinncc of tlitb
si'rilirqiro. Iti the iilstant c;isc, morcovcr, the rcclucst foi-
rriaintc~irtriccof thc slrclirsqiro is iti fncta request for a cliaxigc
of thc statt~sqrro. -1.0rcfrairi fru11iri~akit~ga sale of the asscts
ivould jirevcnt thc effcctiintion of the laws of thc Lnitcd
Statcç ~vliicli, uticc thc litig~tioii in t1ic courts rcaclics a
prcscribc~l çtrtge, pcrnîit rirîd rctliiirc ;i sale of the açsets. :\
s;ilc is desirablc in thc natioiial iiiterest of the LTnitcd Stntcb,
liasid in part upon considcrations of national defcnse. Onl!
tliiacriiirts of tlic I:tiitcd 5t;itcs ti;ivc juriçdictioti to striy siicli ;isiilcof ~iirolxrtylocatcclin tlic LTilitccS l tatcs; such jurisdictio~i
issuvereigii and cxcli~si~~c."
IVitliout esn~i-iiniizgtlic rncrits of the rcasoris advanceci by tlic
1)cli:~rliiiciitof Statc agrtinst tlicSir-iss rcclucst for thc iniiintctinncc
tiftlic slnfiis yiiu-rcrisons tlic rclc\,al~ccof lrhich tlic Stvisc,Ciovcr~i-
1nt:iltclciiics-it is clcar llilitth: Govcr~imcilt if ttic L7niteclStatcs
1s firiiily rcsol~rcclto sel1 thc sh:lrcs of tlie General Anilinc and 1:iiiil
I:url)uratiun claiiiîcrl II! 111 tcr1l:iiiclclns its propcrty alid thc resti-
tiitiritiof tvliic ili~iskcclfur ~II tlitprcsciit ~ïrocccdiiigs.Dut siicli a
salc \vutild liircvcnt ~~i'oiz~p ctsccution of the Court's judçmciit,
sjiciiildtlic Coirrt pruiloiincc. iiifiil-oiirof thc rniiiii Sti-isssul~miçsioii
or e\-t)iiirifrivriutof irs n1tcrii;itivc siibrrîissiciti.
0)) ~C'1it:n~is ;in obviciiis rl;ingcr tlirit tlic m;ij»zity of the above-
iiii:iztiriiic.tlsli;i\vil! Iltsrilt 1il1tlic.Li1iitc:tlStates Govcrnli~oiit
;it ~jricc I)~:lo\rt111:irI-L,;LvIal~lc. rt~(li:ccl,tlw !Jcp;~rtri~t:~io tf
,liistici:cit tlii: 11iii1i.ti5t:itcs liiililicl!. :i~iiiouticctlo11I:i:Iitu:~r!~
~1st. rrj57, its iiiti:titiiito scll 75 lier cciit of tlic vcstcd sii;iri:s.
I'iitc~itial Iliiycrs wcrc i~i~itctl tr~ inal;c cifiers by Llay ~jtli,
1t~57, iurnisliilig ail!. spcci;il rcascins wliich miglit cause thv
COIIZI)C~CII~ilutliurit]. tu takc a iiürticiilar ofter intri consitlcr:itio~~,
lia\-ing duc rcgnrt! for tlic 1iation;il intcreçt. It 15 to be ftlarcri
tli;~ttlie s1i:ircsril;ly bc ~illocatcclnot to thc Iiighcst biddcr biit
ttia ii:~tioilalof tlic L'1iitcd5t;~tcs wlio woulci bc i-cgardccl, frii111
tlic :li~iiricriii 11~i1ilutf \-lem-,as the rilost: suitable piirçliascr.
1t is t1icrcf01-cto hi. cspcctcd tliat tlic proceeds of thc sale ii*oulcl
riut c»~.cr tlic dircct tosses siistainccl I-i>+Intcrhrindcl r~iitlic
\.;iIiiiof tlic.sh~ircs. cluitc ;il);irt f~oin tlic scricius dnmagc til~ich
tlli:IIIIT~, filof 5rIli11g\viiiil(Itiiil~ctII~OII thiit COIIII>LLI~~.
(c) Fi) to tlic prcsciit, intcrh;ii~dd lins triccl in vain to obtniri froni
tlic Urlitccl States cc>irt-tsnri iiijunction against the salc oftlit:
sli;ircs of tlie Gciier:il ilriillnc and Filtil Corporation. Rclyirlg
iipoi~Scction g(a) thc 1'r;icliiigtvitli tllc Enerny .Act,the Swiss
Cc~rîiliany,on Fcbrunry 2jtli, 1957, asked thrit thc sale slioiild
l-~cfurbidclcn by an Ordcr of tlie Uriitecl States coitrts. Its
;iction is now peilclingbcforc tlic United States Co~irt of Xppc;~ls
tii\\I:~sliingto~i ;in tlicsc ptocc~dingç the Uepnrtinent of Justice
11,ts COI~~CS~I:C~Intcr1i;indcI's c;lp:icity to :ict, oizthe grciuncl tlii~t,
its .ipplicatioii iur tlic relcasc of the seilucstrated yropcrtg
lia\-ing l-iceizfinally rejccted on Xpril rrth, 1957, tl~crc utas riot
liciirlilig bcforc tlîc Unitcd St;itcs courts aily proceeding [to
\vliicli intcrli;~rirlcl\ï7;igjiropcrl~'a pnrtÿ] (i/ jrcfier!!$os ?Iavoiu
(ic lilispc~irlriiiccr/i:;:riii(11 1irslice dcs Elnfs-Uii is rioris r.cltc
ri/jrrire)niid fl~:lt, C~IISC~IUC~~ ly, the sairl Çcction 9 ((13 (~ t11c
'1'r;itliiigwitli tht' Inciny tlct couId 110tbc i~~\+okcc tli prcvciit 1N'I'l.:hl RIE<!\ÇLJlIE501: 1'KO.TlSC.TIOS (13 S 57) 7t;
thc s;ilc of ilic shares. If tlic rccluest by Iriterlinridcl fur nii
itl~ii~cti~la tignil-ists:ile \\-crerlisiîîisscd-\\-liicli is to be cspected
-tlicrc would bc 110 furtlicr obstnclc, uiider Amcricnn niuiiiciprtl
lnw, to tlic imr.t~ccii:itc salc of tlic scclucstrntcd shares.
C)riIj.tlie riiles of intcriiritior~al 1:i\vcan noiv Fie itivokccl iri
cirtlcr to ~)rc\~cnt75 lier cciit. uf tlic sll;ires of thc Gcricrnl
:\iiili~it:ilid 1;iltn I'rirlirirntioii, ~vliicti;irc a prirt uf tliassets nf
;i S~~isscoilipaliy, fro~ii suffcring tlie sanic fntc 11s enciiiy
1)1cq~:rty in tlic Uiiitcd Stntcs ;ilid frorr~bcing sold ns soori ris
ilic fiii;il jurlgriaciits i~i tlic.c;isc hnvc bcen delivered b?; tlic
:Iiiic.ric;irctilirts.
(S) (;oiiscrluci~tlq..iii \-ici{iftEicçirciirnstiiiiccs of fnct ;ind of 1;~\\*,
iiivliticiiii:iti tlic 1iri:sciitrccliicst. 1 1i;~i.ctlic hoiioiir, oii belirilf of
tlii. S\\.ihc;l:c>dcrnlCciiiiicil,to ;iïk tlitaColirt, licnclitlg;i fiii;dccisiot-i
iii iliv ~u-ocrc(liligsiiihtitlitc.(l liy tlit: Xj)~)lic:iticiitif Octobcr 15t,
to iii(lir:;~litalic folluiviiig iiic:isiirvs:
(ri) 'l'l~c(;o\rcr~iliiciztof tlic Liiitccl Stntcs of ilincricrt is rcrlucstccl
ttr t,il.;ricilegisl;\ti\.c, juclici;il. ;itl~z~iniçtrnti~-ncr esecutivc stcp
tu part with the liropwty u'hicli is clniriied to bc S~rissprol>crt!-
iii tli~bi;uliiiiissioii~ of tlic S~viss -4ppIicntion of Octobcr 1st
i1i3tiliitiiig procwdiiigs, so 101ig as thc C:ISC col~cerning tiiic:
dic;~~iti~is ~~ci~(li~b~ cforc tlie Ititcrnationnl Court of Ji~stice.
1i) ln ~~;irticul:ii-t,ht: C;u~,crn~iicno tl'thc t-liitcd States is rcrlucstcd
izut tci scll tlic çlznrcs UI ttic Gcncrnl .Aniline niid Film Corlio-
i-,itioiicliiiii~crlhy tlieS~riss 1;edcral Govcrnment ;is thc propcrty
ri( its ii;~tio~ial.;so liiiig;is Ilic proccediizgb iri tliisdisp~ttc ;irc
1~1~11~Iiiig.
(c) 1 IIgl~iicnil, ttic (;ci\-crrit~ic~~utE tlie C'tiitcrl Stiites slioulcl .;~i
;ict tlirit no lilcasiirc ivh;ite\-cr is tiikcil \\-hicli \vouId prcjudicc
tlic riglit of Su.itzcrltii~c1tu csccutioi~ of the juclgtr~eiit\vliicli
tlic C:oiirtuilI clcliver, eitlicr on tlie riierits or oiî the altertlati~c
submission.
(g} Iri victv of tlic fact tlint, by rt-ason of rrleasures whiçh tlie
Govcriii~ictit rif tlic L'iiitcclStates of Anicricn threatens tu tnkc,
tlicrc is cl;irigcriiirlclay. tlic Swiss Govr:siii~~cntstrongly urgcs tti;it
tEicpn:';~:litrctl~icstlx dcrzlt witti as n niritter of urgency and witli
nll tlic ~~)cctlcotisistciit uritli rlic St:itiite ;incltlie l<iilesof Court.
(1O) Tlicbiindi~rsigirecl aiirltlii, CO-Agciit ,Profcssor 13;iii1C;iiggcri-
Iici~ii,arc ;~utliorizcclIiy tlic S~viss Guvcriiiiictzt tu Lippcnr bcfcii-e
tlic Court III :III!;l-iroccccliiigs:or cliscussions nrising out of tlic
prcsci~t rcc1ucst \idiich the Court m;iy i~lstit~ltc in cor~forr~lityivitl~
Art iclc 61, ~i;~rngr;ililSi,ol thc Iiiilcs of Corirt.
1Iiovc. cic.
(Sig~ierf)G. ~.ALJSEK-H.\LL.
- --- - - - -
Request for the indication of Provisional Measures of Protection