Special Agreement

INTERNATIONALCOURTJUSTICE

PLEADINGS, ORALARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS

CASECONCERNINGDELIMITATION
OF THE MARITIMEBOUNDARY
IN THEGULF OF MAINE AREA

(CANADA/UNITED STATESOF AMERICA)

VOLUME1
SpecialAgreement;Memorialof Canada

COURINTERNATIONALEJUSTICE

MÉMOIRES, PLAIDOIRETDOCUMENTS

AFFAIRE DE LA DÉLIMITATION
DE LA FRONTIÈRE MARITIME
DANS LA RÉGION DU GOLFEDU MAINE

(CANADA~TATS-UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE)

VOLUME1
Compromis;mémoiredu Canada The case conceming Delimitarion of the Maritime Boundary in rhe Guljof
MaineArea, entered on the Court's General Liston 25 November 1981under
number 67, was the subject of a Judgment delivered on 12October 1984by
the Chamber constituted by the Order made by the Court on 20January 1982
(Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Guljoj Maine Area, Judgment.
I.C.J.Reports 1984.p. 246).
The pleadings and oral arguments in the case are being published in the
followingorder:
Volume1. Special Agreement; Memorial of Canada.
VolumeII. Memorial of the United Statesof America.
VolumeIII. Counter-Memorial of Canada
VolumeIV. Counter-Memorial of the United Statesof America.
VolumeV. Replies ofCanada and the United Statesof America
VolumeVI. Commencement of Oral Arzuments
~olumeVII. Conclusion of Oral ~r~tmcnts; I)ocuments submiiied to the
Court after closure of the writtcn proceedings: Correspondcncc.
VolumeVIII. Maps, charts and illustrations.

Canada filed its pleadings both in Englishand in French. Although Canada
has two official languages, only the English text ofthose documenu is repro-
duced on the ensuing pages of these volumes, as Canada has informed the
Ree-,tn, that the En"lish tex1should be seen as authoritative for th. .urnoses
of interpretation.
Certain pleadings and documents of this edition are reproduced photo-
-ranhicallv from the orieinal orinted text.
in addihon to the normal continuous pagination,the Volumesfeatureon ihc
inner margin of pagesa bracketçd indication of the original pagination of the
Memorials. the Counter-Memorials. ihc Reoiiesand certain Anncxcs.
In interna1references, hold~oman numeFals(inthetcxt or inthe margin)are
used to rcfer10 Volumesof ihis ediiion: if they are immediatclyfollowcd by a
oaee reference.this relatesto the new~aeinationof thevolume in auestion. On
iheother hand; the page numbers whichare preceded by a refereice to one of
the vleadings relate to the original pagination of that documenl and accard-
inThe main mapsand charis &c reproduced in a separaie volume (Vol. Vlll).
with a rcnumbering, indicated hy ringed numerals, that is also added in the
marein in volumes 1-VI1whe~evercorresoondine references aooear: the
absence of such marginal reference means lhat the&ap or illustr~tionii not
reproduced in the present edition.
Neither the tvooeraohv nor the oresentation mav beused for the vumose of
interpreting the texts reproduced.

L'affairede la Délimitationde lafiontière maritimedans & régiondu goljedu
Maine. inscrite au rôle généralde la Cour sous le numéro67 le 25 novembre
1981,a fait 1:objetd'un arrêtrendu le 12octobre 1984par la Chambre cansti-
tuéepar ordonnance de la Courdu 20janvier 1982(Délimitationde Infrontière
maritime dans la régiondugo& du Maine, arrét.CIJ. Recueil1984,p. 246).Vlll GULF OF MAINE-GOLFE DU MAINE

Les pièces de procédure écriteet les plaidoiries relatives à cette affaire sont
publiéesdans l'ordre suivant:

Volume 1. Compromis; mémoiredu Canada.
Volume II. Mémoiredes Etats-Unis d'Amérique.
Volume III. Contre-mémoire du Canada.
Volume IV. Contre-mémoiredes Etats-Unis d'Amérique.
Volume V. Répliquesdu Canada et des Etats-Unis d'Amérique.
Volume VI. Débutde la procédure orale.
Volume VII. Suite et fin de la procédure orale: documents présentésë.la Cour
aprk la fin de la procédure écrite: correspondance.
volume VIII. cartes et illustrations.

Le Canada a déooséses oiècesde orocédure écriteen anelais et en francais.
Bien que le canada ait deu; langues officielles,seulle texteanglais de ses kcri-
tures est reproduit dans les volumes ci-dessus, le Canada ayant fait savoir au
Greffe~ ~.e. en cas d'interorétation. c'étaitle texte anelais aui devait faire foi.
Certaines piècesde la p;ésente éditionsont photographiées d'aprèsleur texte
imprimé original.
Outre leur ~aeination continue habituelle. les volumes comwrtent. entre
crochets sur le'hfird intérieur des pages, l'ind~cationde la paginition ~r;~inïle
dea mémoires.des contre-mémoires. de5 répliq~es et de certaines de leurs an-
nexes.
S'agissant des renvois, les chiffres romains gras (dans le texte ou dans la
marge) indiquent le volume de la présente édition: s'ils sont immédiatement
suivis oar une référencede p.pe-.cette référencerenvoie a la nouvelle oaeina-
tion d; \olume concerné. En re\,anche, les numeros de page qui sont p;é$dés
de l'indication d'une piece de procédure visent la pagination originale de ladite
pièce et renvoient donc A la ~aeination entre crochéfsde la oiece mentionnée.
~esprinci~alescartes sonir&roduitesdans un\~olumesé~aré(~lll)où elles
ont reçu un numérotage nouveau indiqué par un chiffre cerclé. Dans les \,O-
lume5 I a Vll, les renvois aux cartes et illustrations du volume Vlll sont portés
en marge selon ce nouveau numérotage, et l'absence de tout ren\,oi a la présente
édition signifiequ'une carte ou illu5tration n'est pas reproduite.
Ni la ..er-ph.e ni la présentation nesauraient êtreutiliséesaux fins de l'in-
terprétation des textes reproduits.SpeciaAgreement- Compromis

LETTER FROM THE AMBASSADORS OCANADA AND THEUNITED STATES OF
AMERICATOTHE NETHERLAND TS THEREGISTRAR .........

CERTIFICATE.........................
PROTOCO OF EXCHANG EPROTOCO LÉCHANGE ..........

TnalTkENTRE LEGOUVERNEMEN DU CANADA ET LEGOUVERNEME NES

SPECIALAGREEMEN TETWEEN THE GOVERNMEN OTFCANADA AND THE
GOVERNMEN TFTHE UNITEDSTATES OFAMERICA TO SUBMIT TO A
CHAMBE RF THEINTERNATIOXA CLOUROF JUSTICTHE DELIMITATION
OFTHEMARITIME BOUNDARIYNTHEGULFOM F AINAREA ......

COMPRPM INTRE LGOUVERNEME DNTCANADA ET LEGOUVERNEMENT
DESETATS-UNIDS'AM~RIQU EISANT À SOUMETTREÀ UNE CHAMBRE DE LA

OFARBITRATIO NHEDELIMITATIO NF THMARITIME BOUNDAR N THE
GULFOFMAINE AREA ....................

COMPRPM INTRE LGOUVERNEMEN DU CANADA ET LEGOUVERNEMENT
DESETATS-UNISD'AMÉRIQUEVISANTA SOUMETTREÀ UNE COUR D'ARBI-
TRAGE LA QUESTION DE LAÉLIMITATIONDE LAFRONTIZR MEARITIME
DANS LARÉGION DGOLFE DUMAINE ..............

Memorial o.Canada- Mémoiredu Canada

SPECIALAGREEMEN BETWEEN THE GOVERNMEN OTFCANADA AND THE
GOVERNMEN TF THEUNITED STATES OFAMERICA TO SUBMIT TO A
CHAMBE RF THE INTERNATIONACOURTOF JUSTICTHE DELIMITATION

OFTHEMARITIME BOUNDARIYNTHEGULFOFMAINA EREA ......
INTRODUCTION ........................

The dispute.........................
The questiobefortheCourt ................. GULF OF MAINE -GOLFE DU MAINE

Page
Chapter 1 Geography .................... 36
Section 1. Physicalgeography ............... 36
SectionII . Politicalgeography ............... 40
Section III.Socialgeography ............... 46
47
Chapter II. Theoffshore environment .............
Section 1.Thecontinental shelf ............... 47
A . Physiographyand geomorphology ........... 47
B. Geology ...................... 51
C. Conclusion ..................... 54
Section II. Hydrocarhon potential ..............
Section III.Thewatercolumn ...............
A. Oceanography ....................
B. Fisheryresources ..................
C. Conclusion .....................
Chapter III. The human dimension ..............
Section 1. The socio-economicsetting ............
A. Anoverview ....................
B. The contemporaryCanadian fisheryon Georges Bank ...
. Introduction ...................
2. The basic characteristics of the Canadian fishery on
Georges Bank ..................
3. The Canadian fishery on Georges Bank compared with
that ofthe United States ..............
4 .The offshore fishery of the small vesse1fleet of southwest
Nova Scotia ...................
C .The economicimportance ofGeorges Bankto Canada ...
1.Fishing -the primary sector .............
2 .Processing -the secondary sector ..........
3 .Dependent industriesandindirecteffects .......
4 .Thehroaderimpact onthe total economy .......
5 .Hydrocarbon development .............
6 .New England: abrief comparison ..........
Section11. Historical evolution of Canada's presence in the
GeorgesBankfishery ..................

Section II. Conclusion ..................
Chapter IV . Historyof thedispute ...............
Section . Thegeneral politicaland diplomaticrecord ......
A . ....inental shelf activitiesprior to the extension of fisheries
jurisdiction .....................
B. The introduction and implementation of extended fisheries
jurisdiction ..................... Page

C. The revisedCanadian claimand relateddevelopmenü ... 104
V . The negotiaiinghisiory ................ 107
Section II The 1979Agreementon EastCoast FisheryResources . 111
A . Introduction .................... 111
B. Summaryof the Agreement .......... 111
I.General objectives ................
2 .The management system ..........
3. Entitlementsand access ..............
C .Significanceofthe Agreement ..........

PART II. THE LAW ......................
Chapter 1 .The lawof maritime delimitation and itsapplicationtothe
presentcase .......................

Section . The legal framework for the determination of a single
maritimeboundarv .............
A . Equitable principles: the basicmle of law ........
B. The lenalsources of title: their evolution and their relevance
todelimitation ...................
I.Natural prolongation ...............
2 .Adjacencyand proximity ..............
Section II. The relevant circumstances inthe context of the Gulf of
Mainearea ......................
A . Introduction ....................
B. Thegeneral configuration ofthecoasts .........
C .The continuityofthe continental shelf ..........
D . Natural resoirces and economicfactors
E. The conduct ofthe Parties ...............
F. Recapitulation ...................

Secthe relevantcircumstancesth................ate in lightof al1

Thegeneral framework ................
Theinnersegmentsof the line ........
The outer segmenü ofthe line .............
Thegeneral attributes oftheequidistancemethod .....
SectionIV . The equitablecharacter ofthe overallresult .....
A .Proportionality and disproportionality .........
B. Asumming-up ...................

Chapter II .The law ofacquiescence.recognitionand estoppel inrela-
tion tothe GulfofMaine area boundary ...........
Section . Introduction ..................
Section I. Therelevantdiplomaticcorrespondence ......
Section II. The principle of acquiescence or recognition in inter-
nationallaw ......................
Section IV. The principle ofestoppel ininternational law ....
Section V. Conclusion ..................XII GULF OF MAINE -GOLFE DU MAINE

Page
PARTII~. SUMMAR OF PRINCIPALCONCLUSIONS ....... 174

PARTIV. SUBMISSION .................. 175
APPENDIXS .TATEPRACTIC IEMARITIMD EELIMITATIO ..N... 176

Annexesto theMernorialof Canada

Contemporary treaties affecting the northwest Atlantic fisheries, with a
historical introduction (Vol. 1)
Historical introduction

A. Foreword . .
B. The American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris of 17...
C. The Warof 1812and ilsdivlomatic aftermath ........
D. The ~eci~rocity~reaty ofi854 ..............
E. The 1871Treaty of Washington .............
F. The failure of the Brown-Thornton draft treatv and the Halifax
Commission Award ..........
G. Theabortive ireaiy of 18x8and ihmodusvivend; ......
H. The North Ailantic Fisheries Arbitrationof 191......
1. Insiilutionîl cooperario................
J. Thebeginningsofjurisdiciion 19lc.ha77ge.:.

Annex 1. International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fish-
eries(8 Febmary 1949) ...................
Annex2. Protocol to the International Convention for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries signed al Washington under date of 8 Febmary
1949(25June 1956) ....................
Annex3. Protocol to the lnternational Convention for the Northwest
AtlanticFisheries (15July 1963...............
Annex4. Protocols tothe InternationalConvention for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries (1) relating to measures of control(2) relating to
entry into force of proposals adopted by the Commission (29 No-
vember 1965) ......................
Annex 5. Protocol to the International Convention for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries relating to panel membership and toulatory
measures (1October 1969) .................
Annex 6. Protocol to the lnternational Conventifor the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries relating to amendments to the Convention (6 Oc-
toher 1970) .......................
Annex 7. Protocol to the lnternational Convention for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries (8il 1975) ...............
Annex8. Protocol to the International Convention for the Northwest
Atlantic Fisheries relating 10continued functioning of the Commis-
sion (20December 1976) ..................
Annex9. Convention on Future Multilateral Cooperation in the
NorthwestAtlanticFisheries~ 19780do b..r....
Annex 10. Agreement bctwecn lhc ~ovcrnment of Canada and the
Governmeni of the United Sraies ni'America on Reciprocal Fishing
Privileges inCeriain Areas offTheir Cossts (24April 19....
Anner II Exchange of Notes berween the Go\,ernments of Canada
and the Cnited States of Amerira extending for one )car irom CONTENTS -TABLE DES MATIÈRES

24 April 1972the Agreement signed ~t Ottawa 24 April 1970con-
cerning Keciprocal Fishing Rivileges in Certain Areas ofTThcir
Coastsl7and 21Aoril 1972) ................
Annex 12.'~xchan~e'of ~otes between the Government of Canada
andthe Government of the United States of America concerning the
extension of the Agreement between the two countries on Recip-
rocal Fishing Privileges in Certain Areas off TheirCoasts signed at
Ottawa 24 April 1970(19April 1973) .............
Annex 13. Agreement between the Government of Canada and the
Governmentof the United States of America on Reciprocal Fishing
Privileges in Certain Areas offTheir Coasts (15June 1973) ....
Annex 14. Exchanee of Notes between the Government of Canada
and the ~overnment of the United States of America extending for
a period of fourteen (14) days the Agreement on rcciprocal fish-
cries. dared 15lune 1973(24Aoril 1974) ........
Annex 15. Exchange of ~Aes bétween the Government of Canada
and the Government of the United States of America extending
until24 April 1975the Agreement on Reciprocal Fishing Privileges
in Certain Areas off Their Coasts signed 15June 1973,as extended
(8 May 1974) .......................
Annex 16. Exchange of Notes between the Government of Canada
and the Government of the United States of America extending to
24 April 1976the Agreement on Reciprocal Fishing Privileges in
Certain Areas off Their Coasts sie-ed 15June 1973. as extended
(24April 1975) .................
Annex 17. Exchange of Notes between the Government of Canada
and the Government of the United States of America exfending
until24 April 1977the Agreement on Reciprocal Fishing Rivileges
in Certain Areas off Their Coasts signed 15June 1973,as extended
(14and22 Avril 1976) ...................
~nhex 18. .~ec~~rocal~isheries Agreement between the Government
of Canada and the Government of the United States of America

~nhex 19. ~xchan~e of Notes between the Government of Canada
and the Government of the United States of America constituting
an lnterim Agreement amending and extending the Reciprocal
Fisheries Agreementof 1977(10and IIApril 1978) .......
Annex 20. Agreement between the Government of Canada and the
Government ofthe United States of America on East Coast Fishery
Resources (29 March 1979) .................
Certification ........................

Public and official documents (Vol. II)

Anna 1. Extracts from the Reoorr on fhe Fisheries ofNova Scofia
1867,hyThomas F. ~ni~ht(tiile and pp. 1.2and3) .....
Annex2. Extracts from the letter of IYFehmary 1868from the Nova
Scotia I>epürtment of Marine and Firheries OfTiceto the Minister
ufthe Canadian Depdrtmentof Marine and Fisheries (pp. 1.Il) . .
Annex 3. "Hiiddockinp on Brown's Bank". by F. William Wallace
(Canadian Fishermon.Vol. 1.No. 5. May 1914,pp. 141-145) ...XIV GULF OF MAINE - GOLFE DU MAINE

Page
Annex4. "Shipping and Fishing", quoting the Yarmouth Times(me
DigbyWeeklyCourier,25lune 1915) ............. 262
Anna 5. "The Atlantic Fisheries, the Twelve Months' Tally: Digby,
N.S.". Soecial Corresoondence (Canadian Fisherman. Vol. III.
NO. 2;~ibmary 1916,;~. 52-54) ............... , ~ ~ ---y

Annex6. "Maritime Fish Corporation", by Roy M. Whynacht (Cana-
dian Fisherman.Vol. IX. No. 7.Julv 1922.nn.141-1441 ..~..~ ~ ~.
Anna 7. ~xtracts from ~raceedin~sof th/Kyal ~omhission Investi-
gating the Fisheries of the Maritime Provinces, 1927-1928(Vol. 9,
p.3432and Vol. 10,p. 3476) .................
Annex8. Extracts from the Report of the Royal CommissionInvesti-
gating the Fisheries of the Maritime Rovinces and the Magdalene
Islands, l928(coverand p. 7) ................
Annex9. Steam Trawler Order, Order in Council P.C. 2196, 30 Oc-
tober 1929 ........................
Annex IO. Canadian Department of Transport Wreck Report, File:
East Coast LucilleM(26 July 1942) ..............
AnnexIl. Extracts from the United States Draft International
Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries, International
Northwest AtlanticFisheriesConference, 26Januaq 1949to 5Feh-
mary 1949(document 1,I October 1948,pp. 6,7,23 and 24) . , . .
Annex 12. Minutes of the Second Session of the International North-
West Atlantic Fisheries Conference, 26 January 1949 10 5 Feb-
mary 1949 (document 15, 27 January 1949, pp. 1-13,and corri-
eendum A.28Januam 1949) ................
A$~X 13. inut ut ofeshc Thjrd Session of the International Norih-

west Atlantic Fisheriei Conferense, 26 January 1949 10 5Febmary
1949 (document 16, 27 January 1949, pp. 1114,corrigendum A,
28January 1949,and corrigendum B,29January 1949) .....
Annex 14. Extracts from the Minutes of the Fifth Session of the Inter-
national Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Conference. 26Januaw 1949
to 5February 1949(document20,28 January 1949.h~. 1-6) . '. ..
Anner 15. Extracts from the Minutes of the Tweifih Session of the
Intemaiional Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Conference. 26 Jan-
uary 1949 to 5 Febmary 1949 (document 40, 4 ~ebmiry 1949,
pp. 1-5,and corrigendum A, 28Febmary 1949) .........
Annex 16. Coastal Fisheries Protection Act (Statutes of Canada
1952-1953,Chap 15,pp. 51-56) ...............
Annex17. Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act (Statutes of Canada
19641965.Chao.22.nn. 153-155) ..............
Annex 18. ~bastai ~isgiies Protection Regulations, Amended, Order
in Council P.C. 1964-1112,17July 1964(Canada Gazette,Part II,
Vol.98,No. 15,12August 1964,p.723) ............
Annex19. Proclamation in10Force of the Territorial Sea and Fishing
Zones Act of 1964, Proclamation, 23 July 1964(Canada Gazette,
Part II.Vol.98, No. 15,12August 1964,p.771) .........
Annex 20. Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Geographical Co-ordi-
nates (Areas 1, 2 and 3) Order, Order in Council P.C. 1967-2025,
26 October 1967(Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 101,No. 21.8 No-

vemher 1967,pp. 1700-1704) ................ xv

Page

Annex21. Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Geographical Co-ordi-
nates (Areas 4, 5 and 6) Order, Order in Council P.C. 1969-1109,
29 May 1969 (Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 103, No. II,
ll June 1969DD.792-795) .................
Annex22. ~ol<rial ~isheriés Protection Act (Revised Slalutes O/'
Canada 1970,Chap.C-21,pp. 1135-1141) ...........
Annex 23.AnAct 10 AmcndtheTerritorial Seaand Fishin~ZonesAct
(Revised Statures of Canada 1970, 1st ~upplement,- hap 45.,
pp. 1031-1033) ................
Annex24. FishingZonesof Canada (Zones 1,2and 3)Order,Order in
Council P.C. 1971-366.25Febniary 1971(Canada Gazette,Part II,
Vol.105,No. 5, IOMarch 1971,pp.363-364) ..........
Annex25. Territorial SeaGeographical Co-ordinates Order, Order in
Council P.C. 1972-966,9 May 1972 (Canada Gazerre, Part II,
Vol. 106,No. 10.24May 1972,pp. 780-787) ..........
~nnex 26. International Commissionforthe Northwest AtlanticFish-
eries, Special Commission MeetingJ,anuary 1973,ProceedingsNo.4,
Appendix 1: Comments by the United States on the Proposal to
Regulate Fishing Effort in Subarea 5 and StatisticalArea 6Sum-
mary ..........................
Annex27. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
Fisheries, Special Commission Meeting, Octoher 1973, Proceed-
ings No. 5, Report of the WorkingCroup on Catch Allocations for
Subarea 5and StatisticalArea6 ...............
Annex28. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic
ceedings No.3,Report of Meetings of Panel5,Ja.........4,Pro-

Annex29. Proposed FishingZones of Canada (Zones 4and 5)Order,
Part 1,Vol.110,Extra No. 101,1November 1976,pp. 1-6)zet....
Annex30. Department of State [Public Notice 5061,Maritime Boun-
daries between the United States and Canada (United States
Federal Regisrer,Vol.41, No. 214, 4 November 1976,pp. 48619-

48620) .........................
Annex3I. "Twentv-eiaht Tracts Dromed from Proposed Sale of
North ~tlantic~~~~il and Gas ~c&és", UnitedSiaies Depariment
of the Interi.......................ement. Ncws Relcase(7 De-
Annex32. Transitional United States FishingVesselLicence Exemp-
tion Regulations, Order in Council P.C. 1976-3179,23 Decem-
ber 1976 (Canada Gazette. Part II, Vol. III, No. 1, 12 January
1977,pp.99-100) .....................
Annex33. Fishing Zones of Canada (Zones 4 and 5) Order, Order in
Council P.C. 1977-1, 1 January 1977 (Canada Gazette, Part II,
Vol. Il 1,Extra, l January 1977,pp. 1............
Anner34. Transitional United States FishingVesselLicence Exemp-
tion Regulations, Order in Council P.C. 1977-1148,28 April 1977
(Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 111, No. 9, 11 May 1977,
pp. 2063.2065) ....................
Annex35. Transitional United States FishingVessel Licence Exemp-
tion Regulations, Amendment, Order in Council P.C. 1977-1695,XVI GULF OF MAINE -GOLFE DU MAINE

Page
16 June 1977 (Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. III, No. 13,
13July 1977.p.2732) ................... 314
Annex36. Joint Report by Chief Negotiators on Canada-United
States Maritime Boundaries and Related Resource Issues,
15 October 1977 (Department of Externai Affairs communiqué,
21October 1977) .....................
Annex37. North Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Oil andGas Lease
Sale No. 42 (United States FederalRegister, Vol.42, No. 251,30 De-
cember 1977,pp.65285-65290) ...............
Annex38. "27 Tracts Deleted from North Atlantic OCS Sale", United
States Department of the Interior, Office of the Secretary, News
Release(28 January 1978) .................
Annex39. Joint Report by Special Negotiators on Canada-United
States Maritime Boundaries and Related Resource Issues,
28 March 1978 (Department of External Affairs communiqué,
28March 1978) ......................
Annex40. Transitional United States Fishing Vessel Licence Exemp-
tion Regulations, Revocation, Order in Council P.C. 1978.1833.
2June 1978(Canada Gazette,Part II, Extra,2June 1978,p. 1) , . .
Annex41. Proposed Amendment ta the Fishing Zones of Canada
(Zones 4 and 5) Order, Proposed Order in Council, 15 Sep-
tember 1978(Canada Gazette,Part 1,Vol. 112,Extra No. 79, 15Sep-
tember 1978,pp. 1-3) ...................
Annex42. Fishing Zones of Canada (Zones 4 and 5) Order, Amend-
ment, Order in Council P.C. 1979-184,25 January 1979(Canada
Gazette,Part Il, Vol. 113,No. 3.14 Febmary 1979,pp. 482-483). .
Annex43. Message of 3 May 1979from the President of the United
States to the Senate of the United States transmittine the Maritime
Boundary Settlement Treaty and the Agreement on East Coast
Fishery Resources.96th Congress, 1stSession .........
~nnex44. Preoared statement-of Llovd N. Cutler submitted ta the
~ubcommitîee on Fisheries and ~ifdlife Conservation and the En-
vironment, Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, United
StatesHouse of Reoresentatives. 96thConeress. First Sessionon the
Uniizd ~ratcs- andd ~ishing~~reemez,, 22~unc1979 ....
Annex45. "lnterior I>cpartment Acceprs High Bids Toialling
$816.516.546 forOîïshore Oil and Gas Leases on Georees Bank in
the ~orih Atlantic", United States Department of tie Interior,
Bureau of Land Management, News Release(31December 1979) .
Annex46. "Treaty Delay Snags U.S. Ties ta Canada", by Henry
Giniger(7he NewYorkTmes, 15June 1980) ..........
Annex47. Telex from the United States Secretary of State to the
United States Coast Guard concernine enforcement of United
Statesfishery lawsinthe Gulf of aine (i9 November 1981) ...
Annex48. Canada-Nova Scotia Agreement on Offshore Oil and Gas
Resource Manaeement and ~evënue Sharine(2 Marcb 1982)
Annex49. ~anadloil andGas Exploratory ~e%its (1964-197i) . .
Annex50. Corres~ondence hetween Canadian authorities and United
States compan~esconcerning Canadian regulations with respect ta
offshoreexploration (attachments omitted) (1969and 1975) ...
Certification ....................... xvtt

Poge

Diplomatic and official correspondence (Vol. III)

Annex1. Letter of I April 1965from the United States Department of
the lnterior to the Canadian Department of Northern Affain and
National Resources (the regulations originally attached to this letter
have been omitted) ....................
Annex2. Lelter of 8 April 1965 from the Canadian Department of
Northern Affairs and National Resources to the United States De-
partment of the lnterior (the regulations originally attached to this
letter have been omitted) ..................
Annex3. Reconstmctions of portions of permit maps showing off-
shore Canada Oil and Cas permits issued off the east and Westcoasts
of Canada as at 8April 1965and reconstmctions of indexes listing
the holders of these permits ............

Annex 4. Letter of 14May 1965from the United States Department of
the lnterior to the Canadian Department of Northern Affairs and
National Resources ..................
Annex5. Letter of 28 May 1965 from the Canadian Department
of Northern Affairs and National Resources to the United States
Department of the lnterior .................
Annex6. Letter of 16 June 1965 from the Canadian Department
of Northern Affairs and National Resources to the United States
Department of the lnterior .................
Annex 7. Letter of 16 August 1966from the United States Embassy
in Ottawa to the Canadian Department of Mines and Technical
Surveys .........................
Annexa. Letter of 30 August 1966 from the Canadian Department
of External Affairs to the United States Embassy in Ottawa (with
attachmenis, as reconstmctcd) ...............
Anncr 9. Letter of 22No\,ember 1966lrom the Canadian Department

of Energy. Miner and Resources to the United States Embassy in
Oiiawa(with aiiachmenis,as reconsiructed) ..........
Anncr IO. Lettcr of 28 Noi,ernher 1966from the United States Em.
basv in Ottaivd 10the Canadian Deparimeni of Energy,-~ines and
Resources ........................
AnnexII. United Statesaide-mémoire of 10May 1968 ......
Annex12. Letter of 13 September 1968 from the Canadian Depart-
~~~.~~~ External Affairs~to~the Canadian Embassv in Washineton -
(attachment omitted) ...................
Annex13. United Statesaide-mémoire of 5November 1969 ....
Annex14. Canadian dinlomatic note No. 366of 1December 1969 . .
Annex15. ~nited~tat~sdi~lomaticnoteof 19Febmary 1970 ....
Anna 16. United States di~lomatic note of 18 January 1974 (with
attachment) .......................
Annex17. Canadian diplomatic note No.47 of 8February 1974 ...
Annex 18. United States circularnoteof2 May 1974 .......
Annex 19. United States diplomatic note of II September 1974(with

attachment) .......................
Annex2O. Canadian diplomatic note No. 1126 of 19 September
1974 ..........................
Anna 21. UnitedStatesdiplomaticnote No.216of 16October 1974 .XVttt GULF OF MAINE -GOLFE DU MAINE

Page

Annex 22. ~nit~ ~-~at~ ~iolomatic noteof 15Mav 1975 397
Annex221 canadian diploktic noteNi.1~0of3 june 1975 .... 398
Anner 24 Canadianaide-mémoireof 12Seprember1975 ..... 400
Annex 25. Canadiandiplomaticnote No. 52of2 Febwdry 1976 ... 402
Annex26. United Statesdiplomatis noteof IO Fehruary 1976 .... 403
an ne.^27. Canadianaide-mtmoireof8 hlarch 1976 . .... 404
Annex 28. United Statesaide-mémoireof 3 1March 1976 ...... 405
Annex29. Letter from the United States Secretaryof State Henry
Kissineer to the Canadian Secretamof State for External Affairs
Allan bac~achen transmitted in the letter of 7April 1976[rom the
United StatesAmbssssdorThomas tnden 10the Canadian Sccre-

taryof Statefor External Affairs Allan MacEachen .......
Annex 3U Canadianaide-mémoireof 13April 1976 ........
Anner31 Canadianaide-memoireof28April 1976 ........
Annex 32. United State\diplomatic note No. 103of20 May 1976 . .
Annex33. Canadianaide-mémoireof3June1976 ........
Annex34. Letter from the Canadian Secretaryof State for Exiernal
Affair, Allan MacEachen 10 the United StatesSecretan,of Staie
Henry Kissinger transmitted in the letter of 4 June 1976from the
Canadian AmbassadorJ. H. Warren 10the United StatesSecretary
of StateHeory Kissinger ..................
Annex35. Letter from the United States Secretaryof State Henry
Kissinger to theCanadian Secretaryof State for Enternal Affairs
Allan MacEachen transmitted inthe letter of 7June 1976from the

United StatesAmbassadorThomas Endersto the Canadian Secre-
taryof Statefor ExternalAffairs Allan MacEachen .......
Annex36. Caoadian diplomatic note No. FLP-63 of 8 June 1976
(attachmentsomitted) ...................
Annex 37. Letter from the Canadian Secretaryof State for External
Affairs Allan MacEachen to the United StatesSecretan,of State
Henry Kissinger transmitted in the letter of 15June 1976from the
Canadian Amha>,ador J.H. Warren to the United StatesSecretary
of StateHenm Kissineer ............
Annex 38. ~nit~d~tate;aide-mémoireof2~u~ust 1976 ......
Anner 39. Canadianaide-mGmoireof 19August 1976 .......
Annex440. United Statesaide-mémoireof 10Se~tember1976 ....
Anner 41. Letter of 22Octoher 1976from the'CanadianSecretaryof

Siatefor External Affairs Don Jamiesonto the United States Secre-
taryof StateHenry Kissinger ................
Annex42. Letter from the United States Secretaryof State Henry
Kissinger to the Canadian Secretaryof State for External Affairs
Don Jamiesontransmitted in the letter of 12November 1976from
the United Sidtes Ambassador Thomas Enden to the Canadian
Secretaryof Statefor ExternalAffairs I>onJamieson ......
Annex43. Letter of 3Desemhcr IV76from theCanadianSecretaryof
Siatefor Exiernal Affairs Don Jamiesonto the United StatesSecre.
taryofState Henry Kissinger ................
Annex44 Canadianaide-mémoirrof6I~eccmhcr IV76 ......
Annex45. Canadian aide-mémoireof 22December1976(attachment
omitted) ........................

Annex46. Canadian diplomatic note No. 626 of 22 December 1976 XIX

Page

(attachments relating to boundary areas other than the Gulf of
Maine areahavebeen omitted) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 430
Annex47. United ~tatesdi~lomaticnoteof 30Decemher1976 . . . 434
Annex49. United Siatesaide-mémoireof 14January 1977 . . . . . . 435
Annex50. Canadianaide-mémoireof 17January 1977 . . . . . . 438
Annex51. United Statesdiplornatic noteof 18February 1977 . . . . 440
Annex52. Canadiandiplomatic noteNo.97of I March 1977 . . . . 441
Annex53. Canadianaide.mémoireof 26May 1977 . . . . . . . . 442
Annex54. Canadian diplomatic note No. 221of 26 May 1977(with
attachment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
Annex55 ~nitedStatesdiplomaticnoteof27June1977 . . . . . . 449
Annex56. UnitedStatesaide-mémoireof7July 1977 . . . . , . . 449
Annex57. Canadiandiplomaticnote No. 3290127July 1977 . . . . 450
Annex58. United Statesdiplomatic noteof4August 1977 . . . . . 451
Annex59. Canadian diplomatic note No. GNT-067 of 3 Novem-
ber 1977(with attachment) . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Annex60. Ùnited Statesdiplomaticnote of2 December1977 . , . , 455
Annex61. Canadiandiplomatic noteNo. FLP-I lOof25 January 1978 456
Annex62. United Statesdiplomatic noteof 3Febmary 1978 . . . . 458
Annex63. Canadiandiplomatic noteNo. 193of26April 1978 . . . 459
Annex64. Canadiandiplomaticnote No. FLM-OO58of3May 1978 460
Annex65. Canadiandiplornaticnote No. FLM-0092of2 June 1978 . 463
Annex66. United Statesdiplomatic note No. 125of2 June 1978 . . . 464
Annex67. Letterof2 June1978from thecanadian S~ecialNegotiato.
tothe United StatesSoecialNeeotiator , , . . . . . . . 465
Annex68. Letterof2 ~ine 1978f;om the United StatesSpecialNego-
tiatorto theCanadianSpecialNcgotiator . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Annex70.CaUnitedStatesdiplomaticnoteof25Julye 19781978 . . . . . .. 467
Annex71. Canadianaide-mernoireof ISJanuary 1979 . . . . . . 470
Annex72. Letter of 24Januarv 1979(rom the Canadian Secretarvof
Statefor Extcrnal Affain Don Jamiesonto the United States~kre-
tary ofStateCyrus Vance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex73. Letter of26 Januarv 1979from the United StatesSccretarv
of StateCyrusVanceto thc i'anadian SecretaryofStaie for ~xternil
Affairs Don Jamieson(astransmitted hy theUnited States Embassy

Annex 74. ~nited~tatesaidc-mémoireof 15 Febmary 1479 . . .
Annex75. United Statesdiplomatic noteof 15February 1979 . . . .
Annex76. Canadiandi~lomatic noteNo. 160of29March 1979 . . .
Annex77. United StateSdiplomatic noteof2April 1974 . . . . , ,
Addendum.Annex 32a. Canadian diplomatic note No. 226 of
28May 1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . ,
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Supplementaryewnomic data andstatisticaldocuments(Vol. IV)
Section 1. Supplementaryeconomicdata
A. Economic indicaton: Atlantic Canada,Nova Swtia and south-
westNova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GULF OF MAINE-GOLFE DU MAINE

Page
B. Calenories of fishingemployment and vessels . 484
C. The ~easuremen~o~~ri~a~sectorem~lo~ .m en.t. . . 484
D. The regional distribution of fishing activity in Nova Scoiia . . 486
E. The relative importance ofscallopsto the Nova Scotiafishery 486
F. Proccssingemplo)ment byspccies . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
G. Fish processing in the context of total manufacturing anivity in
southwest ~ova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
H. Fishingindustry share of total employment al the county level .
Section II. Principal unpublished statistical data sources referred to
in the Memorial submitted by Canada

Annex 1. lntroductorynote to Section II . . . . . . . . . . .
Anne* 2. Comouter reoresentations of biomass distribution across
Georges Bank, 1969-.1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 3. Canadian and United States catch statistics, 1969-1978 ,
Annand table ofexchange ratesad. .nd. .e, , , , St. . . . . .197. .
Ann-5. Statistics respening the offshore fishery of the small
vesse1fleet of southwest Nova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex6. 5Ze (Georges Bank) landed value as a percentage of total
landed value at the five leading Georges Bank fishing ports in
Nova Scotia, 1974-1978 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Section III. Extracts from published statistical data sources referred
to in the Memorial submitted by Canada and in Section 1of this
Volume
Annex 7. lntroductory note to Section III. . . . . . . . . . ,
Annex8. Statistics used to determine employment levels in Nova
Scotia (primary senor and total employment), 1978 . . . . . .
Anne* 9. Nova Scotia gross domestic product data for primary
sector activitie. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Annex 10. Statisticsrespecting primary sector occupations in south-
west Nova Scotia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex Il. Provincial fishcatches and values. . . . . . . . . .
Annex 12. Statistical data respecting rubber products employment
AnnexNo13. Statistics on Nova Scotia exnorts. . . . .. .. . . . . .
Annex 14 Statistics used to determiné fishing and iirh processing
industry share of gross domestic product in the goods-producing
sector for ~ova Scotia . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . -.
Anne'< 15. Siatisticson the Icelandiceconomy . . . . . . . .
Annex 16. Siatisticsonthe Nonvegian economy . . . . . . . .
Annex 17. New England fisheryemployment statisiics. 1976 . . .
Annex 18. Canadian population statistics by Province . . . . . .
Annex 19. Labour force statistics for Canada and the Atlantic
Provinces. 1966-1980 . . . . . . . . .
Annex 20. ~;îtistics respening populaiion. labour forceactiviiy and
uncmpl.ym.nt for Canada and the Atlantic Provinces, 1971and
1976 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Annex 21. Statistics showing income estimates for Canadaand the
Provinces, 1976 . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . CONTENTS TABLE DES MATIPICES XXI

Page
Annex22. Statistics used to determine employment in fishing in
Nova Scotia, 1978 .................... 521
Annex23. Nova Scotialandingsby species .......... 522

Annex24. Statistics on southwest Nova Scotia employment in
fishing and fish processing, and wages and value of shipments
in fishprocessing, 1976 ................. 524
Annex25. Employment in southwest Nova Scotia manufacturing
industriesdependent on the fishery ............ 524
Annex26. Publishedsourcesfor United Statesfishprices .... 525
Annex27. Census data respecting population by age, 1961 and
1976;and, farm and non-farm mral population, 1951and 1971,
forsouthwest NovaScotia ................ 525
Certification. ....................... 526SPECIALAGREEMENT

COMPROMIS LE'ITER FROM THE AMBASSADORS OF CANADA
AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE NETHERLANDS

TO THE REGISTRAR

The Hague. 25 November 1981

On hehalf of the Government of Canada and the Government of the United
States of America. and in accordance with Article0.paragraph 1.of the Statute
of the International Court of Justice. we have the honour to notify the Court of
the Snecial Aereement 1between the Government of Canada and the Govern-
&ni of the United States of America to suhmit to a Chamher of the Interna-
tional Courtof Justice the Delimitation of the MaritimeAoundarv in the Gulf

of Maine area. signed at Washington on 29 March 1979 and iuhsequently
altered.
A certified copy of the Protocol ofExchange ',dated 20 November 1981,
recording the exchange of instruments of ratification on that date hetween
Canada and the United States of America of the Treaty 'betwecn the Govern-
ment of Canada and the Government of the United States of America ta submit
to hindine disoute settlement the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundaw in the
Gulf of Maiie area. done at Washington, 29 March 1979 and suhse~uently
altered is attached herewith. Toaether with the certified copv of the Protocol of
Exchange is acertified copy of tReTreaty and of the speciai Agreement referred
ta above.
In noti,viue theCourt of the Soecial"ereement. the twoGovernments wish to
stress the importance that they nttach toearly consultîtions with the Prebidcntof
thçCourt under Article 1701the Rulcsof Court. so ihat the President mav he 3n
position 10ascertain their views regarding the composition of the ~hakher to
which the two Govemments herehy suhmit the question set out in Article II of
the SnecialAereement. It willhe noied ~ ~t the S~ecial-e~ ~ment orovides for a
chamber composed offive persans.
The two Governments also wish ta stress the imoortance thev attach ta the
formation of the Chamher prior to the commencement of the tehs of office of
those Members of the Court clected in the triennial election held this vear.
In accordancc with Artisle 35 of the Rule.. of Court. the ~i~\ernnknt of
<:anada herehy notilirs the Court oilintention ioexercisc the power ronferred
hv Article 31-01 the Statute 01 the Court to choose a iudee ad hoc in these
proceedings. . -
In accordance with Article40 of the Rules of Court. the Government of
Cm~da and the Cio\ernment of the Unitid States 01Amcrica herehy inforni thc
Court of the names of their Agents for the proceedings herçin

For the Government of Canada :
Leonard H. Legault.

' Seepp. 10-16,infro.[Notby theRegisfry.]
Seep. 6, infi[Noreby rheRegrsrry.1
Seepp.7-9,infra. [NotbyrhrRegistiy.] GULFOFMAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

For the Government of the United States of ~mkc:

Davis R. Robinson.
Theaddress for Sewice of the Agent for Canada is : Emhassy of Canada to the
Netherlands, Sophialaan 7,The Hague. The address for Serviceof the Agent for
the United States of America:iLange Voorhout 102,The Hague.

(Signed G)eorgesH. BLOUIN, (Signed W)illiaJ.DYESS,
Ambassador of Canada Ambassador
to the Kingdom of The Netherlands. of theUniud States of Amenca
ta the Kingdom of The Netherlands. SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS

Ottawa, Novemher 20, 1981.

This is to certiiy that the documents attached hereto are true and complete
copies of the original documents listed below :

(1) Protocol of Exchange of the Instruments of Ratification of the Treaty
between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United
Statcsof Anienca toSuhmit to Binding Dispute Scitlemeni the Delimitation
of ihe Mantime Roundaw in the Gulf 01Mxne Area. siened - .IWa\hinat-n
on March 29, 1979;
(2) Treaty between the Government of Canada and the Government of the
United States of America ta Submit ta Binding Dispute Settlement the
Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area, signed at

Washington on March 29. 1979:
(3) Special;\grcement hctwrcn thc<iovernrncnt of Canada and the<iovcrnincni
<ifihc Unitcd Siaies of Arncnca to submlt to3 Chmher of the Intcrnationîl
Court of Justice the Delimitation of the Manlime Boundary in the Gulf of
Maine Area, signed at Washington on March 29, 1979 ;
(4) Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the
United States of America to Submit to a Court of Arbitration the Delimi-
talion of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Main Area, signed at
Washington on March 29, 1979.

(Signed) Richard 1. SMITH, (Signed) Mark MACGUIGAN,
for the Ambassador of the Secretary of State
United States of for External Affairs.
Amenca. GULFOF MAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

The undsrsigned. hating met for the purpow of ex~.hangingIn\tmment\ of
Ratification bv thcir rzsneciive<iovcrnnientsof theTreat) beiuccn the Gwcm-
ment of canada and tbe~overnment of the United tat terAomferica to Suhmit
Io Binding Dispute SettlementtheDelimitation of theMaritime Boundary in the
Gulf of Maine Area, signed atWashington on March 29,1979, and the respective
Instmments of Ratiiication having been carefully compared and found to be in
due form, the exchange took place this day.

The said Treaty is annexed hereto. together with the Special Agreement ta
Submit to a Chamber of the International Court of Justice the Delimitation of
the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area, signed at Washington on
March 29. 1979.and the Agreement ta Submit to a Court of Arbitration the
Delimitation ofthe Maritime Boundary inthe Guü of Maine Area, alsosigned al
Washington on March 29, 1979.These instmments incorporate certain changes
made subsequent ta their signature.

Les soussignés s'étantréunispour procéderau nom de leurs gouvernements
respectifsàl'échangedes instruments de ratification du traite entre le Gouver-
nement du Canada et le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amériquevisant à
soumettre au règlement obligatoire le différend relatàila délimiiation de la
frontière maritime dans la régiondu golfe du Maine, signe a Washington le

29 mars 1979,et les instruments respectifs de ratification ayant étésoigneuse-
ment comparés et trouvés en bonne et due forme, ledit échange a eu Lieu
- ,ourd'~ ~ ~ ~ ~
I.eJit traiet îi-annexe. ainsi quc le compromis vi>ant i soumettre i une
chambre de la Cour intrrn3tion3le de Ju\tirr la auestion13eJrliniit3tion 13
frontière maritime dans la régiondu golfe du s aine,signé à Washington le
29 mars 1979, et le compromis visant à soumettre à une cour d'arbitrage la
question de la délimitation de la frontière maritime dans la régiondu golfe du

Maine. aussi signéà Washington le 29 mars 1979.Lesdits instmments incluent
certains changements qui y furent apportés après leur signature.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF t,ey have signed the present Protocol of Exchange.
DONEat Ottawa this twcntieth day of November 1981.

EN FOI DE QUOI,ils ont signe le présent protocole d'échange.
FAITa Ottawa le vingtièmejour de novembre 1981.

(Signed) (Signé)Mark MACGUIGAN.

For the Government of Canada.
Pour le Gouvernement du Canada.

(Signed)(Signe) Richard J. SMITH.

For the Government of the United States of Amenca.
Pour le Gouvernement des États-UNS d'Amérique. SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS

TREAT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMEN OF CANADA AND THE GOVERNMEN OF THE
UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA 70 SUEMIT TO BINDING DISPUTE SETTLEMEN THE

The Government of Canada and the Government of lhe United States of
Amenca,
Recoenizine that thev have been unable Io resolve bv,ne~o-iation the differ-
ences bcytueen-themL.o"ccrningthe deliniitation of thecontinental ilhelfand the

fi~hrricszones of Canada and the United Statexof Amcnca in the Ciulfof Maine
area,
Desinng to reach an early and amicable settlement of these differences.
Have agreed as follows :

The Parties shall. pursuant Io Article 40 of the Statuteof the Intcrnational
Court of Justice, notiiy the Court of the Speciai Agreement between the Gov-
ernrnent of Canada and the Government of the United States of Amenca to
Submir ro Chaniher of the Intrrnîtional Couri of Jusrice the I>elimttation of
the Mantirne Houndary in theCiulfof Mdne Areaanneied hereto ThcChîmher

of the Internatio~ ~~~~urt of Justice shail be deemed to have been constituted
when the Registrar of the Court has been notified of the name or names of the
judge or judges ud hoc.

If,for any reason, thechamber referred tain Article 1hasnot been constituted
in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty and the Special Agreement by

the end of thesixth full calendar month aiter the date of entry into force of this
Treatv. either Part, mavzat anv tirne nnor ta the constitution of the Chamher.
terminale the Special Agreement. whereupon the Agreement hetween the Ciov-
ernment of Canada and the Government of the United States of America Io

Submit to a Court of Arhitration the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundq in
the Gulf of Maine Area annexed hereto shall enter into force. In the event the
SpecialAgreement is terminated the Parties shalljointlynotify the International
Court of Justice that the procecdin~s under the Special Agreement are discon-

Article 111

If. at anv tirne followine.the constitution of the Chamber. in accordance with
the provi$ons of this ~Gat~ and the Special ~greement; a vacancy on the
Chamber isnot fillédina manncr acce~tabie IotheParties within four months of
t~ ~ ~te on which~the~vacancv ,cc~ ~ed~.either Partv mav within a further two
riionths tcrminate the Special Agreement. whereupAn the Agrrenient hetwcen

the <iovcrnnient of Canadaand thcCiovernment of the Unirrd Stîtesof Amenca
to Suhmit tn a Court <ifArhitraiion the Delimitation of the Maritime Roundag
in the Gulf of Maine Area anne.red hereto shîll enter into force. In the evcnl the
SpecialAgreement is terminated, the Parties shalljointly notify the International

Court of Justice that theproceedings under the Speciai Agreement are discon-8 CULFOF MAINE - GOLFE DU MAINE

Article IV

This Treaty shall he ratified in accordance with the domestic requirements of
the Parties and shail enter into force on the datemments of ratification are
exchanged and shail remain in force until terminated hy agreement of the
Parties.

TRAITÉ ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMEN DU CANADA ET LE GOUVERNEMEN DES

RÉGION DU GOLFE DU MAINE

Le Gouvernement du Canada et le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amé-
rique,
Reconnaissant au'ils n'ont ou résoudreoar voie de nénociationleurs diffé-

rendr en matiércde délimitationdu plaieau continenid et des ,.onesde pî.chedu
Canada ct des Etats-Uni, d'Am2rique dans la rcgion du golfz du Maine.
Désirant parvenir a un règlemeniamical de cesdifférends dans les meilleurs
délais,
Sont convenus de ce qui suit :

Article I

En a~olication de l'article 40du Statutde laCour internationale de Justice. les
~arties'kotifient la Cour du compromis annexé aux présentesentre le Gouver-
nement du Canada et le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amériquevisant à
soumettre Aune chambre de la Cour internationale de Justice la question de la
délimitation de la frontière maritime dans la régiondu golfe du Maine. La

chamhre de la Cour internationale de Justice est réputée avoirété constituée
lorsque leGreffier deaCour aéténotifiédu nom dujuge adhocou des nomsdes
juges ad hoc.

ArticleII

Si. oour une raison auelconaue, la chambre viséea l'article1 n'a oas été
consiitu~econformément auxdi\po\itionsdu prisent traiiéeiducompr<>mi\Ela
fin du sixieine mois civil rcvolu suivant la date d'entrL:een \.igueUrdu prisent
traité.l'uneou l'autre Partieut dénoncerlecomoromis à toutmoment avant la
conxtitution de la shamhrr. duquel cas leconiproniii entre le Ciou\erncmïnt du
Canadaet leGouvernemeni des Etatb-Unisd'A~~iért~u \eisani Bsoumetire Bune
cour d'arbitrage la question de la délimitation de la'frontière maritime dans la

réeiondu golfe du Maine entre en vigueur. En cas de dénonciation du compro-
m7s.les parties notiîient coniointemënt la Cour internationale de Justice de la
discontinuation de la procédure aux termes du compromis.

Article III

Si.à a. .aue moment aue ce soit aork la constitution de la chambre confor-
miment au.~dispositionsdu prisent trait8 ri duconiproniis. iln'eu pli.,pounu B
une \,acance Ela chmhre d'une maniércque les Parties lugenl acceptable dan>

les quatre mois suivant ladate àlaquelle s'estproduite laiaiance, I'uneou l'autre SPECIALAGREEMENI - COMPROMIS 9

Partie peut dénoncer le compromis dans les deux mois qui suivent le délaide
quatre mois, auquel cas le compromis d'arbitrage annexé aux présentesentre le

Gouvernement du Canada et le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amérique
visant Asoumettre A une cour d'arbitrage la question de la délimitation de la
frontiere maritime dans la régiondu goüe du Maine entre en vigueur. En cas
de dénonciation du compromis, les Parties notifient conjointement la Cour
internationale de Justice de la diswntinuation de la procédureaux termes du
compromis.

Article1IY -

Le présent traité sera ratifiéen conformitéavec les exigences nationales des
Parties et entrera en vigueurAladate del'échangedesinstruments de ratification.
II demeurera en vigueur jusqu'A son abrogation par voie d'accord entre les
Parties.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF t,e undersigned, being dulyauthorized thereto by their
respective Governments, have signed this Treaty.
DONEin duplicate al Washington this twenty-ninth day of March 1979,inthe

French and English languages, each text being equally authentic.

EN FOI DE QUOI. les soussignés.düment autorisésAcet effet par leurs gou-
vernements respectifs, ont signéle présent traité.

FAITen double exemplaire AWashington ce vingt-neuvikmejour de mars
1979.en françaiset en anglais. chaque texte faisant &galementfoi.

For the Government of For the Govemment of the
Canada : United States of Amenca :
Pour le Gouvernement
du Canada : Pour le Gouvernement
des Etats-Unis d'Amérique :
(Signed) (Signé)Peter TOWE. (Signed) (Signé)Cyrus R. VANCE.

(Siped) (Signé) M. CADIEUX. (Signed) (Signe)Lloyd N. CUTLER. GULF OF MAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

SPECLALAGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMEN TF CANADA AND THE
GOVERNMEN O'~THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA TO SUBM~ TO A CHAMBER
OFTHE INTERNATIONALCOURT JOFTICETHD EELIMITATIO NF THEMARITIME

BOUNIIARY IN THE GULF OF MAINEAREA

The Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of
-merirl
Recoanizina that thev have been unable to resolv. b- neaotiation the differ-
encei hctwecn (hem ~.on~.ernithc delimitdi<>(ithe ioniincnt31 \helf and the
fi,heneslonc~of Canada and the Unitcd Statc\t)f Am~rlcdInthc(;uIf<)f Mrline

area,
Desiring to reach an early and amicable settlement of these differences,
Have agreed as follows:

Arricle 1

The Parties shall submit the question vosed in Article II to a Chamber of the
InternationalCourt of Justice, composed of fivepersons, tobe constituted aiter
consultation with the Parties, pursuant to Article 26 (2) and Article 31of the
Statute of the Court and in aciordance with this Special Agreement.

Article II

1. The Chamber is requested to decide, in accordance with the principles and
niles of international law applicable in the matter as between the Parties, the
following question:

What is the course of the single maritime boundaq that divides the

continental shelf and fisheries zones of Canada and the United States of
America from a point in latitude"l I'IZ"N, longitude 67" 16'46"Wto a
ooint to be determined bv the Chamber within an areabounded bv s-raieht
lines connecting the following sets of geographic coordina:elatitude
40"N. loneitude 67"W : latitude 40"N. Io-aitude 65"W : latitude 42"N.
longitude 650~7

2. The Chamber is reauested to describe the course of the maritime boundarv
in terms of geodetic lines connecting geographic coordinates of points. The

Chamber is alsoreauested. for illustrative oumoses onlv. to de~ict thecourse of
the boundary on Canadian ~ydro~ra~hic SeLice chart No. 4003 and United
States National Ocean Survey Chart No. 13006, in accordance with Article
IV.
3. The Parties shall request the Chamber to appoint a technical expert nom-
inated jointly by the Parties to assis1it in respect of technical matters and, in
particular, inpreparing the description of the maritimeaq and the charts
referred to in paragraph 2. The Registrar is requested to provide the expert with

copies of each Party's pleadings whench pleadings are communicated to the
other Party. The expert shall be present at the oral proceedings and shall be
available for such consultations with the Chamber as it may deem necessary for
the purposes of this Article. SPECIAL AGREEMEN -TCOMPROMIS II

4. The Partiesshallacccpt as finalandbinding upon them the decision of the
Chamber rendered pursuant to this Article.

ArticleIII

1. Southand westofthc mantime boundary iobedeiern~ined h?theCh3nibcr
in arcordancc with !hi.,Spcsial Agreement Canada sha11noi. and norih and eai
.f ..id maritime boundarv the Ünited States of Amcrica shall not. claim or
excrcisesovercign nghtsorjurisdiction for any purposc over the waters or seabcd
and subsoil.
2. Nothing in this Special Agreement shall affect the position of either Party
with rcsr>cctto the lecal nature and scaward extcnt of the continental shelf, of

fishenesjunsdiction,& of sovcrcign rights orjurisdiction for any othcr putpose
under international law.

Arlicle1 V

TheChambcr and any tcchnical expert or experts arc requcstcd Ioutilize. and
the Parties in thcir prcscntations to the Chambcr shall utilize, thc following
technical provisions :
(O) Allgeographic coordinates of points referrcd toshall hc rcndercd on the 1927

North American Datum.
(b) AI1straight lines shall bc gcodetic lincs. Curved lines, including parallcls of
latitude. if necessary for thejudgment. shall becomputcd on the 1927North
Amcrican Datum.
(c) Notwithstanding the factthat the Parties utilizc diffcrcnt vcrtical datums in
thc Ciulf of Maine area. the two datunls shall be dccmed to be common.
(d) Should reference to the low water baseline of either Party be required. the
most rcccnt largcst scalc charts published by the Party conccrned shall bc

utilized.
(4) If a point or points on a particular chart arcnoton the 1927North American
Datum, the Chainber shall requcst the Agent of the appropriatc Party to
furnish the Chamber with the correctcd datum points.
(f) In recognition of the fact that the Partiesdo not utilizc thesanic standard set
of symbols on nautical charts, the Chamber. or any technical cxpcrt or
expertsshall, if neces.\ary.confer with thcAgcnts and thcir adviscrs to insure
propcr interpretation of the symbol or fcaturc.
(,y)TheChamber. or any tcchnic:ilcxpert or experts. is rcqucsted toconsult with

the Partiesasmay he iieccssarycincerning any conimon computcr programs
of the Parties for tcchnical calculations, and to utilize such programs as
approprialc

Article V

1. Neiiher Party shall introùuce into cvidence or argument. or puhlicly dis-
close in any manncr, the nature or content of proposals directcd to a maritime
boundaries scitlement, or rcsponscs thereto. in the course of negotiations or
discussions bctwcen the Parties undertaken sincc 1969.
2. Each of the Parties shall notify and consult the other prior Io introducing
into evidence or argument diplomatic or other confidential correspondcnce
between Canada and the Unitcd States of Amcricd rclated to the issue of

maritime boundaries dcliinitation. 12 GULFOFMAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

1. Without prejudice ta any question as ta burden of proof, the Parties shall
reauest the Chamber to authorize the followine or-.edure with reeard to the
written pleadings :
(a)A Memorial ta be submitted by each Party no1later than seven months after

theReeistrar shall have received the notification of the name or names of the
judge or judges adhoc ;
(b) a Counter-Memorial to be submitted byeach Party not later than sixmonths
after the exchange of Memorials ;and
(c)any further pleadings found by the Chamber to be necessary.
2. The Chamber may extend these time-limits ai the request of either

Party.
3. The written pleadings submitted ta the Registrar shall not be communi-
cated ta the other Party until the corresponding pleading of that Party has heen
'received by the Registrar.

Article VI1

1. Following the decision of the Chamher. either Party may request negotia-
lions directed toward reaching agreement on extension of the maritime boun-
dary as far seaward as the Parties may consider desirahle.
2. If the Parties have not reached agreement on the extension of the maritime
boundarv within one vear of the date of such a rea.est..either Part2 mav2notiiv
the othe;of ils inlentcon ta suhmit the question of the seaward extension of thé
maritime boundarv for decision bv a bindine third ~artv s.ttlement oroce-
dure.
3. If the Parties are unable to anree on the terms of such a submission within
three monthsof such a notificatioA, either Party may submit the question of the

seaward extension of the maritime houndary ta the Chamber of five iudges
constituted in accordance with this Soecial ~ereement
4 The provisions of ths Sprcial ~~reemenïshall bc applied. mururisniutun
<Ir,.to the proceedinu under thisArticle. and the decision of the Chamhcr \hall
he final Gd hindini upon the Parties.

Article Vlll

ThisSpecial Agreement shall enter into lorceon thedateof theentryintoforce
of the Treaty hetween the Government of Canada and the Government of the
United States of America ta Suhmit ta Binding Dispute Settlement the Delimi-
tation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area signed this day. It
shall remain in force unless and until il is terminated in accordance with the
provisions of the said Treaty or until the said Treaty is terminated. SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS 13

COMPROMIS ENTRE LE GOUVERNEMEN DT CANADA ET LEGOUVERNEMEN DTS
~TA'R-UNISD'AM~RIQUV E1SAN. r SOUMETIRE À UNE CHAMBRE DE L~ --UR
INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE LA QUESTION DE LA DELIMITATIO DN LA FRON-
TIÈRE MARITIME DANS LA RÉGION DU GOLFE DU MAINE

Le Gouvernement du Canada et le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amé-
rique.
Reconnaissant qu'ils n'ont pu résoudrepar voie de négociationleurs diffé-

rends en matièrede délimitation du plateau continental et des zones de pêchede
l'un et l'autre pays dans la régiondu golfe du Maine,
Désirant parvenirà un règlement amical de ces différendsdans les meilleurs
délais,
Sont convenus de ce qui suit:

ArricleI

LesPartiessoumettent laquestion poséeàl'article IIàunechambre de la Cour
internationale de Justice. composéede cinq personnes et constituée après con-
sultation avec les Parties, en application du paragraphe 2 de l'article 26 et de
l'article 31 du Statut de la Cour et conformément auxis~ositions du orésent
compromis,

ArricleII
1. La chambre est priéede statuer, conformément aux règleset principes du
droit international applicables en la matière entre les Parties. sur la ouestion
suivante :

Quel est le tracé de la frontière maritime unique divisant le plateau
continental et leszones de pêchedu Canada et des Etats-Unismérique à
partir d'un point situé par 44" 11'12" de latitude nord et 67" 16'46" de
lon-itudeouest.usa.'à un ooint devant êtrefixéoarlachambre àl'intérieur
d'une zone délimitéepar des lignes droites reliant les coordonnéesgéogra-
phiques suivantes:40" de latitude nord et 67" de loneitude ouest : 40' de
iatitude nord et 65" de longitude oues: 42" de latirude nord et 65" de
longitude ouest?

2. La chambre est oriécde décrirele tracéde la frontière maritime en termes
de lignes géodésiques reliant lescoordonnées géographiques des points. La
chambre est é-alementoriée.à seules fins d'illustration, d'indiauer le tracéde la
frontitre sur 13c-1rlcn'4tM3du Scn,içzhyJrographique du Canada el ~urIacartc
n' 13tK3de la ll»iri~dSruresNurro»<ilOreunSune), conlormCmzni au* dihpo-
sitions de l'article IV.
3. Les Parties prient la chambre de nommer un expert technique. désigné

coniointement oar les Parties. oour l'aider dans la considération des auestions
teciniques et ~otamment danila préparation de la description de la irontière
maritime et des cartes mentionnées au .ara-.aphe 2. Le Greffier est one de
fourniri I'crpcrt tzchnique Jcr cxemplaire~Jzs pir'cerde prockiure de chaque
Pariie lor..quc IssJiier pir'cc,.ont communiqael'autre Partie L'cxpcriar\iste
à la procMure orale-et se tient à la disiosilion de la chambre pour toute
consultation que cette dernière estime nécessaire auxfins du présent article.
4. Les Parties acceptent comme définitive etobligatoire pour elles-mêmesla
décisionde la chambre rendue en application du présent article.14 GULFOFMAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

ArticleIII

1. Au sud et a l'ouest de la frontière maritime devant être délimitée Dar la
ihsnihre en application du prehent compromis leCanada ne peut. et au nord et 3
I'rst Jr ladite frontiere mnnlinie Ir. Fiai>-Uni, J'Amirique ne peiivcnt. iquel-
que fin que ce soit. revendiquer ou exercer dejuridiction Aude droits souvecains
sur les eaux ou sur le fond parin et le sous-sol de la mer.
2. Aucune disposition du présent compromis ne modifie la position de l'une

ou l'autre Partie à l'égardde la nature juridique ou de l'étenduevers le large du
plateau continental, de lajuridiction en matièrede pêches,ou de lajundiction ou
des droits souverains à toute autre fin en vertu du droit international.

Article1V

1.3chanihre CI l'expertou Ir\eiperts technique, vlni pnh. ci le>Partic, Jans
Ieurr orc,eniîtions ila cliariibre \ont trnue>. de ,e c,>nfiirmcrau\ di>po\itions
techniques suivantes :

u, Touteh le\ c<x>rJonncsgL.ogrsphiquc,des point, mentionn2r ront Ciahlie, cn
fonction de IJ t.iti<,n ongine dc Is trtm~ul3tion nc>ril-.itit2n.~aind ee 1927
h) Toutes leslignes droites sont des lignesgéodésiquesS . iellessont nécessaires
aux fins de l'arrêt.les courbes. y compris les parallèles de latitude, sont

calculées en fonction de lastationoriginedela triangulation nord-américaine
de 1927.
c) Rien que les Parties utilisent des niveaux de référencedifférentsdans la
région du golfe du Maine, les deux sont considéréscomme étant com-
muns.
d) S'ilest nécessairede se référera la laisse de basse mer de l'une ou l'autre
Partie, les cartes les plus récenteset a plus grande échelle possible publiées

oa~ ~~ ~ ~tie en cause sont utilisées.
e) Siun ou plusieurs pointssur une carte donnéenesontpas établisenfonction
de la station orininc de la triannulation nord-américaine de 1927,lachambre
demande à l'agent de la Par& en cause de lui fournir les points origine
ci>rngcs
Coiii~iisIr, Parues n'u~ill,ent p:s\ lei rni.me, >,inhole. nornialiA \iirleur,
1, martne>. Id;ha111hrc.I'cvpernou le>c\pert\ tc~.Iin~qucc ~>nwltent au

besoin les agentsetleurs conseillers pour assurer l'interprétation correcte du
symbole ou du signe en question.
... La chambre. I'cxoert ou les cxcterts techniques sont t nés de consulter au
besoin les Parties au hujct de tout programme informatique mis au point
coniointement Darles Parties aux fins de calculs techniques, et d'utiliser de
tel~-~ro~ramm&sau besoin.

Article V
1. Ni l'une nil'autre Partie necommuniaue a titre deorcuveoud'areument ni
.,
ncdiiulg,iic puhliquenicnt de quclqiie rn;iniercque c,c~>itln nnturc,iiu leci,ntenu
de*o. .nx>\~t~ve ~n(III,d'ionri~l~~~icndtu ,iiff2renJ rclaiif* la Jclitiiit.~ti,~~dic*
frontières maritimes, ou des rcponscs a ces propositions, faites au cours des
négociations ou discussions entreprises depuis 1969.
2. Chaque Partie notifie et consulte l'autre Partie avant de conimuniquer a
titre de preuve ou d'argument la correspondance diplomatique ou toute autrc
correspondance confidentielle entre le Canada et les Etats-Unis d'Amérique

portant sur la question de la délimitation des frontières maritimes. SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMlS 15

ArticleVI
I. Sans préjugeraucune question relative à la charge de la preuve. les Parties
prient la chambre d'autoriser la procédure suivante au regard des pièces de
procédure écrite:

a) un mémoire soumisparchacunedes Parties auplustard sept moisapres quele
Greffier a reçu notification du nom dujugeadhoc ou des noms desjuges ad
hoc ;
h) uncontre-mémoiresoumisparchacunedesParties auplus tard sixmois apres
l'échangedes mémoires ;

c) toute autre piècede procédurejugée nécessairepar la chambre.
2. La chambre peut prolonger ces délais à la demande de l'une ou l'autre
Partie.
3. Les piècesde procédureécrite présentéea su Greffier ne sont pas commu-
niquéesa l'autre Partie tant que le Greffier n'a pas reçu lace de procédure
correspondante de I'autre Partie.

ArticleVI1
1. Alasuitedeladécisiondelachambre I'autuPnariepeut demander
la tenue de néeociations en vue d'une entente sur l'extension de la frontière
maritime vers large sur une aussi grande distance que les Parties le jugent
souhaitable.

2. Siles Parties ne varviennent naàs'entendre sur l'extension de la frontière
miintimc dans I'annécqui \uit Iddate d'une tc.lleJemandr. chaque Partic peut
noiifi~r1'a~1rrPariicde~oninicniionderounicttrelauuestiondeI'rxtcncionJc1
a
frontièremaritime versle large a la procédurede règlémentobligatoire par tierce
partie.
3. Si les Parties ne namiennent naàs'entendre sur les conditions d'une telle
soumission dans lestroismois quisuiventcettenotification, l'uneoul'autre Partie
Deut soumettre la question de l'extension de la frontière macitirne vers
le large a la chambre de cinq juges constituée en conformité avecle présent
com~romis.
4.-Les dispositions du présentcompromiss'appliquent,mutarismutondis, a la
procédureétabliedans leprésentarticleetladécisionde lachambreest définitive
et obligatoire pour lesarties

ArticleVIII
Leurésentcom~romisentreen viaueur ala datedel'entréeen viaueur du traité
entrc'lr <iou\em~ment du canada-ci le Gou\emi~mcnt des ~tatc~nis d'Arne-
nque visïnt i soumctirc au reglement ohli~aioirc le difRrend relatif a la déli-
mhationdelafrontièremacitim~danslaréeiM ~nanesionéfencuiour.
" -
IIdemeure en vigueurjusqu'à cequ'il soitabrogéconformémentaux dispositions
dudit traité oujusqu'a l'abrogation dudit traité.

IN WITNESSWHEREOF, the undersigned, beingduly authorized thereto by their
respectiveGovernments, have signed this Special Agreement.

DONE in duplicate at Washington this twenty-ninth day of Mach 1979,in the
French and English languages, each tex1being equally authentic.16 GULFOF MAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

EN FOI DE QUOI, les soussignés,dûment autorisés i cet effet par leurs gou-
vernements respectifs, ont signéle présent compromis.

FA1rendoubleexemplaire à Washington cevingt-neuvi&mejourdemars 1979,
en françaiset en anglais, chaque texte faisant égalementfoi.

For the Government of For the Government of the
Canada : United States of Amenca :

Pour le Gouvernement Pour le Gouvernement
du Canada : des Etats-Unis d'Amérique :

(Signed)(Signé)Peler TOWE. (Signed) (Signé),Cyms R. VANCE.
(Signed)(Signé)M. CADIEUX.
(~igned)(Signé)Lloyd N. CUTLER. SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS

AGREEMEN BTETWEEN THE GOVERNMEN OF CANADA AND THE GOVERNMENT
OF THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA 10 SUBMI. TO A COURT OF ARBI'IRATION

TllIDILIMITATION OF THE MARI.~IME ROUNDAR IY THE GULF OF MAINE

The Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of
America,
Recognizing that they have beenable to resolve by negotiation the differ-
ences bctween them concerningthedelimitation of the continental shelf and the
fisherieszones of Canada and the United States of America in the Gulf of Maine
area.
Desiring ta reach an early and amicable settlement of lhese differences,
Have agreed asfollows:

1. The Parties shall submit the questiposed in Article II to a court of
arbitration (hereinalter the court) composed of five persans mutually agreed
upon by the Parties. one of whom shall he designated by the Parties ta be
president.
2. For the purposes of this Agreement. the court shall be considered consti-
tuted whcn the Parties iointlv announce ils formation for the numose set forth in
this Agreement. - > . .

3. The Parties shall jointly appoint a registrar. If. one month alter the con-
stitution of the court. a registrar has not been appointed, the president of the
court shall, within one month, appoint a registrar.
4. Each Partv shall..~noint a..aeent within one month after the constitution
of the court.

1. The court shall decide. in accordance with the pnnciples and niles of
international law..licable in the matter as between the Parties. the f-llowine
question :
What is the course of the single maritime boundary that dindes the
continental shelf and fisheries zones of Canada and the United States of
America from a point in latitude 44'1 1'12"N. longitude 67" 16'46"Wto a
point ta be determincd by the court within an areabounded by straight lines

connecting the following sets of geographic coordina:latitude40°N,
longitude 67"W ;latitude40"N,longitu dltt5deW42'N,longitude
65"W ?
The decision shall be fully reasoned.
2. The court shall describe the course of the maritime bounin terms of
geodetic lines connecting geographic coordinates of points. Thecourt shall also,

for illustrarive purposes only. depict the course of the maritime hoondq
Caoadian Hydrographic Service Chart No. 4003 and United States National
Ocean Survev Chart No. 13006.in accordance with Article IV.
3. The coirt shall appoint a technical expert,jointly nominated by the Parties,
to assist it in respect of technical matters and. in particular. in preparing the18 GULFOFMAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

description of the maritime boundary and the charts referred to in paragraph 2.
The registrar shall provide the expert with copies of each Party's pleadings when
such pleadings are communicated to the other Party. The expertshall be present
at the oral proceedings and shall be available for such consultations as the court
may deem necessary for the purposes of this Article.

ArticleIII

1. South and west of the maritime boundary ta he determined by the court in
accordance witb this Agreement Canada shall not, and north and east of said
maritime boundary the United States of America shall not, claim or exercise
sovereign rights or jurisdiction for any purpose over the waters or seabed and
subsoil.
2. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the position of either Party with
respect to thelegalnature and seaward extent of the continental shelf,of fisheries

jurisdiction, or of sovereign rights or jurisdiction for any purpose under inter-
national law.

ArricleIV

The following technical provisions shall be utilized by the court, any technical
expert or experts and the Parties in their presentations to the Court :
(u)Allgeographiccoordinates of points referred toshall be rendered on the 1927
North American Datum.

(h) All straight lines shall be geodetic lines. Curved lines, including parallels of
latitude, if necessary for thejudgment, shall be computed on the 1927North
American Datum.
(c) Notwithstanding the fact that the Parties utilize different verticai datums in
the Gulf of Maine area. the two datums shall he deemed to be common.
(d) Should reference to the low water baseline of either Party be required, the
most recent largest scale charts published hy the Party concerned shall be
utilized.
(e) If a pointor points on aparticular chart are not on the 1927North American
Datum, the court shall request the Agent of the appropriate Party to furnish

the court with the corrected datum points.
(f)In recognition of the fact that the Parties do not utilize the same standard set
of symbols on nautical charts. the court or any technicai expert or experts
shall.if necessary. confer with the Agents and their advisers ta insure proper
interpretation of the symhol or feature.
(,qThecourt. or any technical expert or experts. shallconsult with the Parties as
may be necessaryconceming any common computer programs of the Parties
for technical calculations. and utilize such programs as appropriate.

ArricleV

1. Neither Party shall introduce into evidence or argument, or publicly dis-
close in anv manner, the nature or content of ~ro~osalsdirected ta a maritime
boundariei settlement. or responses thereto. in ihe course of negotiations or
discussions hetween the Parties undertaken since 1969.

2. Each of the Parties shall notify and consult the other prior ta introducing
into evidence or argument diplomatic or other confidential correspondence
between Canada and the United States of America related to the issue of
maritime boundaries delimitation. SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS 19

Article VI
1. Subject Io the provisions of this Agreement, the proceedings of the court
shailhe governed by the Rules of Court of the International Court of Justice ta
the extent they are deemed applicable and appropriateby the court. The court

shail have the power Io prescribe such further mles of procedure as may be
necessary.
2. In the absence of unanimity. the decisions of the court on ail questions,
whether of substance or procedure, shall be given by a majority vote of its
memhers. including al1questions relating Io the competence of the court, the
intsrpretalion of this Agreement. and the decision on the question specified in
ArticleII.
Article VII

Thecourt shall establish ils seat at a place fixed in agreement with the Parties.
Until the seat has been determined, the court may meet al aplace provisionally
chosen by the president. The registrar shdl notify the Parties of the address for
the filing of their written pleadings and other documents.

Article VIII
1. The Parties shall use the following procedure before the court :

(a) The proceedings shall be written and oral.
(b) Without prejudice Io any question as to burden of proof. the written pro-
ceedings shall consist of :

(i) a Memorial to be submitted by each Party not later than seven months
after the court has been constituted :
(ii) a Counrer-Memoriai to be submitted by each Party no1 later than six
months after the exchange 01 Memonais : and
(iii) any further pleadings foind by the court ta be necessary

The court may extend these lime-limits at the request of either Party.
2. The written pleadings submitted to the registrarshdl not be communicated
ta the other Party until the corresponding pleading of ChatParty has been
received by the registrar. The written pleadingsshall notbe made available to the
public until the oral hearings have commenced, except as othenvise agreed.
3. The oral heanng shall follow the written proceedings, and shail he held in
public at such place and time asthecourt. alter consultationwith the IwoParties,
may determine.

Article IX

1. The pleadings, written and oral, shallbe in the Englishor French language;
the decisions of the court shdl be in bath lane- -es.
2. The court shall, as may be necessary, arrange for translations and inter-
~retations. secretarial and clerical staff. accommodationand the ourchase or hire
Ôfoffice equipment.

ArticleX

1. The remuneration of thejudges of the court and the generai expenses of the
arbitration shallhe divided equally between the two Parties.
2. Each Party shail bear its own expenses incurred in or for the preparation
and presentation of ils case.20 GULFOFMAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

Arricle XI
Any vacancies which may anse on the court shail he filled in accordance with

the followingprocedure :
(a) If thepresident of the court is unahle toact, and aiter twomonths the Parties
have not reached agreement on filling the vacancy and designating the
president, theremainingjudges of the court, followingconsultations with the
Parties,shall, within one month, select from among their numher a new

president. The new president shail in turn, within six months aiter the
vacancy occurred, fiIl the vacancy following further consultations with the
Parties.
(b) If ajudge of the courtother than the president is unahle to act and after two
months the Parties have not reached agreement on a person to fiIl the
vacancy, the president of the Court shall,within sixmonths after thevacancy
occurred, fil1the vacancy aiter consultation with the Parties.

ArlicleXII

1. The decision of the court on the question posed in Article II shail be final
and binding on the Parties.
2. Either Party may,within three months of the rendering of thedecision. refer
to the court any dispute as to the meaning and scope of the decision.

3. The court shall have competence to rectifyany clencal or technical errorin
its decision upon the application of either Party within six months of the ren-
dering of ils decision.

Article XII1

1. Following the rendering of the decision of the court or of the Chamber of
the InternationalCourt of Justiceconstituted pursuant ta the SpecialAgreement
between the Government of the United States of Amenca and the Government
of Canada to Submit to a Chamher of the International Court of Justice the
Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Guü of Maine Area, either Party
may request negotiations directed toward reaching agreement on extension of
the maritime boundary as far seaward as the Parties may consider desirable.
2. If the Parties have no1reached agreement on the extension of the maritime
boundaty within one year of the date of such a request, either Party may notify
the other of ils intent to submit the question of the seaward extension of the

maritime houndaw for decision hv hindina third-oartv settlement.
3 11the ~ariic%.areunable Io dgrzçon ihz tcrm;<il \;ch .I\uhmi\\i<in uithin
thrce month\of\uch notice. either P~rtynia) wbmit theauesiionof the seaward
extension of the maritime boundary toihe court constituied in accordance with
thisAgreement, provided that al least three of the fivejudges of thecourt are able
to seGe. In the event that anv iudee of the court is unah6 to serve. Anv vacancv
shail be filled in the manner provided for in Article XI.
4. If aareement pursuant 10~aranravh 1or Daraaraoh 2 is not reached. and
the mattër cannot be suhmitted ta ihecourt in accordance with paragraph 3,
either Party may cail upon the President of the International Court of Justice ta
. .
select, after consultation with the Parties, five persans to constitute a court of
arbitration.
5. If the decision referred to . -.raeraoh I wasrendered hv aChamher of the
International Court of Justice, and this Agreement suhsequently enters into
force.a court of arbitration shall he estahlished. in accordance with Article 1of SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS 21

this Aereement. for the. .rooses of decidi-c the question referred Io in para-
graph 5 of this Article.
6. The provisions of this Agreement shall he applied, mutatis mutandis, Io the
nroceedin-s under this Article. and the decision of the court of arhitration shall
Le final and hinding upon the Parties.

ArticleXIV

This Agreement shall enter into force in accordance with Articles 11or 111of
the Treaty hetween the Government of Canada and the Government of the
United States ofAmerica to Suhmit Io Binding Dispute Settlement the Delimita-
lion of the Maritime Boundaq in the Gulf of Maine Area signed this day, and
shall remain in forceuntil the said Treaty is terminated.

CUI(PROMI\ ILNIKI.ilC~>U\'I<RNEI(F NU~CANADA CT Lt<;OU\'I.KNEI~LS~ I>tS
EIAI~-UNISI>'/\*I~:RI~u \,IS,\NT AsouMinmc i LNC COUK U'AKRITKAGL LA
OUESrION DE LA D~LIMITATION DE LA FRONTIÈRE MARITIME DANS LA RÉGION DU
GOLFE DU MA~NE

Le Gouvernement du Canada et le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amé-

ri.ue.
Reconnaissant qu'ils n'ont pu résoudrepar voie de négociation leurs diffé-
rends en matière de délimitation du plateau continental et des zones dans la
régiondu golfe du Maine ou I'unou l'autre exercent lajuridiction exclusiveen
matiérede pèches.
Désirant parvenir A un règlement amical de ces différendsdans les meilleurs
délais,
Sont convenus de ce qui suit :

Article 1

1. Les Parties soumettentla question posée l'article àune cour d'arhitraxe
(ci-aprks la cour) composéede ;inq perionnes dont conviennent mutuellement
les Parties.'une de ces personnes étant désignéeà la présidencepar les Par-

?. Aux fin, du prî\ent compromis d'arbitrage. la cour e*i r~pul~ec(~n\tituée

lorsque les Parties 3nnonrent conjointement a con\tiiiltion aufin5 prévues
dans le prr'sçni i.ompromia d'arbitrîge
3. Lc\ Parties nommeni con~oinienicnt un greffier. Si. un moi aprr'rla L.on\-
iitution de Iacour. legreffier n'apaséiénnmmr'.leprr'sidcntdelacour b'a~quitie
de cette fonction dans le mois qui suit.
4. Chaque Partie nomme un agent dans le mois qui suit la constitution de la
cour.

Article II

1. La cour statue. conformément aux principes et aux règlesdu droit inter-
.national applicables en la matière entre les Parties. sur la question suivante :

Quel est le tracé de la frontiere maritime unique divisant le plateau
continental el leszones de pèchedu Canadaet desEtats-Unisd'Amérique a22 GULFOFMAINE - GOLFE DU MAINE

partir d'un point situé par 44" 11' 12" de latitude nord et 67" 16'46" de
longitude ouestjusqu'a un point devant étrefixépar la cour à l'intérieur
d'une zone délimitéepar des lignes droites reliant les coordonnéesgéogra-
phiques suivantes : 40" de latitude nord et 67" de longitude ouest ; 40' de
latitude nord et 65Ode longitude ouest ; 42' de latitude nord et 65" de

longitude ouest?
La décision est pleinement motivée.
2. La cour décritle tracéde la frontière maritime en termes de lignes géo-

désiques reliant les coordonnées géographiques des points. La cour indique
également, à seules fins d'illustration, le tracé de la frontière sur la carte
no4003 du Service hydrographique du Canada et sur la carte no 13006 de la
United StatesNational Ocean Survey, conformément aux dispositions de I'ar-
ticle IV.
3. La cour nomme un expert technique désignéconjointement par les Parties
pour l'aider dans la considération desquestions techniques et notamment dansla
préparationdela description de la frontière maritime et descartes mentionnées

au paragraphe 2 du présentarticle. Le greffier foumit à l'expert technique copie
des piècesde procédure de chaque Partie lorsque lesdites pièces sont commu-
niquées a l'autre Partie. L'expert assisteà la procédure orale et se tient à la
disposition de la cour pour toute consultation que cette dernière estime néces-
saire aux fins du présent article.

ArricleIII

1. Au sud et à I'ouest de la frontière maritime devant être délimitée parla
cour en application du présent compromis d'arbitrage, le Canada ne peut, et
au nord et a l'est de ladite frontière maritime les Etats-Unis d'Amérique ne

peuvent. à quelque fin que ce soit. revendiquer ou exercer une juridiction ou
des droits souverains sur les eaux ou sur le fond marin et le sous-sol de la
mer.
2. Aucune disposition du présent compromis d'arbitrage ne modifie la posi-
tion de I'uneouI'autre Partieà l'égardde la naturejuridique ou de l'étendue vers
le large du plateau continental, de lajuridiction en matière de pêches,ou de la
juridiction ou des droits souverainsà toute autre finen vertu du droit interna-
tional.

Arricle 1V
La cour et I'expert ou les experts techniques ainsi que les Parties dans

leurs présentations à la cour se conforment aux dispositions techniques sui-
vantes :

a) Toutes les coordonnées géographiquesdes points mentionnés sont établies
en fonction de la station origine de la triangulation nord-américaine de
1927.
bJ Toutes leslignes droites sont des lignesgéodésiques.Sielles sont nécessaires
aux fins de I'arrét,les courbes, y compris les parallèles de latitude. sont
calculéesenfonction de lastation originedela triangulation nord-américaine
de 1927.

c) Bien que les Parties utilisent des niveaux de référencedifférents dans la
région du golfe du Maine. les deux sont considérés commeétant com-
muns.
dJ S'ilest nécessairede se référerà la laisse de basse mer de I'une ou I'autrc SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMlS 23

Partie, les cartes les plus récentes àtplus grande échelle possible publiées
par la Partie en cause sont utilisées.

e) Siun ou plusieurs points sur une cartedonnée ne sont pasétablisen fonction
de la station origine de la triangulation nord-américaine de 1927. la cour
demande à l'agent de la Partie en cause de lui fournir les points origine
corrigés.
.. Comme les Parties n'utilisent oas les mêmes svmbolesnormalisCssur leurs
cartes marines, la cour. l'expert ou les experts techniques consultent au
besoin l'agent et leurs conseillers pour assurer l'interprétation correcte du
svmbole ou d--siene en auestion.
g) Lacour, l'expertou lesexperts techniquesconsultent au besoin les Parties au
su-et de tout oro-ramme informatiaue mis au noint coniointement oar les
Parties aux fins de calculs techniques, et utilisent de tels programmes au
besoin.

Arricle V
1. Ni l'uneni l'autre Partie necommuniaue a titre de oreuve ou d'areument ni
ncdivulguc puhliquîment dcquelque manierequcce soit Ionatureou lecontenu
des propositions en vued'un reglement du Jifferend relatif zla dcliniitation des

fronticrcs mantinies. ou des répon,c, Aces propositions. foiter au cours des
négociationsou des discussions cntrcpnrcs dcpuir 1969.
2.Choque Partie notifie et consulte l'autre Partie want de communiquer li
titre Je preuve ou d'orgunicnt la corrc>pondance diplomatique ou ioutr autre
corrcrpondonce confidentielle entre Ic Cmada et les F.tats-Unis J'AmCrique
sur la question de la délimitation des frontières maritimes

Arricle VI

1. Sous réservedes dispositions du présentcompromisd'arbitrage, la procé-
dure de la cour est assujettie au Reglement de la Cour internationale de Justice
d- - la mesure ~ù~ ~ cour le iuee &plicable et ~ertinent. La cour a le pouvoir
d'arrctcr d'autres dispositions gcnér~lesau hewin.
2. En l'absence d'unanimité. les JÇii~ionb de la cour relati\es 5 toute> Ics

7-estions. tant en ce aui concerne le fond aue la procédure. sont prises à la
majontédes membres,) compris toutes les concernant la compétence
-e~la cour. l'internrétation du orésent com~rornis d'arbitrage et la décision
relativea la question énoncée A l'article II.

Arricle VI1

La cour établit son siege en lieu fixéen accord avec les Parties. Tant que la
détermination de son siege n'est pas faite, la cour peut se réunirau lieu choisi a
titre provisoire par son président. Le greffier communique aux Parties une
adresse pour le dép6t de leurs pieces de procédure écrite et autres docu-
ments.

Arricle VI11
Les Parties suivent la procédure suivante devant la cour :

a) Les procédures sont écriteset orales.
bJ Sans préjuger aucune question relative à la charge de la preuve, les procé-
dures écritesconsistent en :24 GULF OF MAINE - GOLFEDU MAINE

i) un mémoiresoumispar chacune des Parties au plus tard sept mois après

la constitution de la cour ;
ii) un contre-mémoiresoumis par chacune des Parties au plus tard sixmois
après l'échangedes mémoires ;
iii) toute autre pièce jugée nécessairepar la cour.

La cour peut prolonger ces délais à la demande de l'une ou l'autre Partie.
2. Les piècesde procédure écrite présentéea su greffier ne sont pas commu-
niquées à l'autre Partie tant que le greffier n'a pas reçu la piècede procédure
correspondante de l'autre Partie. Sauf s'ilest convenu autrement, lespiècesde
procédureécrite nesont communiquéesau public qu'une foisla procédure orale
commencée.
3. La procédureorale suitla procédureécriteet setient en public au lieu et àla

date que peut déterminer la cour après consultation des deux Parties.

ArticleIX
I. Les piècesde procédure écriteet orale sont en anglais ou en français ;les

décisionsde la cour sont rendues dans ces deux langues.
2. La cour pourvoit en tant que de besoinà la traduction etàl'interprétation,
au personnel de secrétariatet de bureau, ainsi qu'aux locaux età l'achat ou àla
location de matérielde bureau.

ArticleX

1. La rémunérationdesjuges de lacour etlesdépensesgénéralesdel'arbitrage
sont supportées égalementpar les deux Parties.
2. Chaque Partie supporte ses frais propres entrainés par ou pour la prépa-
ration et la présentation de ses thèses.

ArricleXI

Il est poum à tout siège devenu vacant à la cour selon la procédure sui-
vante :

O) Si le président de la cour ne peut remplir ses fonctions et que, après deux
mois, les Parties ne parviennent pas a s'entendre sur le fait de pourvoirla
vacanceet sur lechoixdu nouveau président,lesautresjugesdelacour, après
consultations avec les parties, choisissent parmi eux un nouveau président
dans un délaid'un mois. Lenouveau présidentpourvoit àla vacance dans les
sixmois suivant ladate à laquelle s'estproduite lavacance, àla suite d'autres

consultations avec les Parties.
b) Si un juge de la cour autre que le président ne peut remplir sesfonctionset
que, aprèsdeux mois, les Parties ne parviennent pasà s'entendre surle choix
d'un candidat, le président de la cour pourvoit au siègevacant dans les
six mois suivant la date àlaquelle s'est produite la vacance, a la suite de
consultations avec les Parties.

Article XII

1. La décisionde lacour relative à la question poséà l'article IIest définitive
et obligatoire pour les Parties.
2. L'uneoul'autre Partiepeut, dansles trois moissuivant ladécision.déférer à
la cour toute contestation en ce qui concerne I'interprétationet la portéede la
décision.
3. La cour est habilitéà corriger touteerreur technique oud'écrituresdans sa SPECIALAGREEMENT - COMPROMIS 25

décision à la demande de l'une ou l'autre Partie, dans les six mois suivant sa
décision.

ArticleXII1

1. A la suite de la décisionde la cour ou de la chambre de la Cour interna-
tionale de Justice constituée en application du compromis entre le Gouverne-
ment des Etats-Unis d'Amériqueet le Gouvernement du Canada visant àsou-
mettre à une chambre de la Cour internationale de Justice la question de la
délimitation dela frontière maritime danslaépiondu golfe du Maine, l'uneou
l'autr~ ~ ~tieeut demander la tenue de n~eo~-iationsin vue d'une entente sur
I'extensionde lafrontièremaritime verslelargesur uneaussi grandedistanceque
les Parties le iueent souhaitable.
2. Si le5~î;t;sticparviennent pas 3s'entendre sur I'cxtcn,ion de la frontiere
maniimedans I'annécquihuitIadatcd'unz telledemande, I'uncou l'autre Partie
peut notifierl'autre de ion intention de soumettre la question de l'extension dela

frontièremantirne vers le large au règlement obligatoire par tierce partie.
3. Siles Parties ne parviennent pàss'entendre sur les conditions d'une telle
soumission dans les trois mois qui suivent cette notification, l'une ou l'autre
Partie peut soumettre la question de l'extension de la frontière maritime vers le
large à la cour constituée en conformité du présent compromis d'arbitrage,
pourvu qu'au moins trois juges de la cour soient en mesure de remplir ces
fonctions. Si unjuge de la cour ne peut remplir ses fonctions, il est pàlavu
vacance de la manière prescriteà l'articXI.
4. Si les parties ne pamiennent paà s'entendre coniormément aux disposi-
tionsdu paragraphe 1ou du paragraphe 2et quela question ne peut étresoumise
à la mur en application du paragraphe 3, l'une ou l'autre Partie peut demander
au Présidentde la Cour internationale de Justice de choisir, après consultation

avec les Parties, cinq personnes qui constitueront une cour d'arbitage.
5.Sila décisionviséeau paragraphe 1est rendue par une chambre de la Cour
internationale de Justice et que le présentcompromis entre subséquemmenten
vigueur, une cour d'arbitrage est constituéeconformément aux dispositions de
l'article du présent compromis, aux fins de statuer sur la question viséeau
paragraphe 2'duprésent article.
6. Les dispositions du présent compromis d'arbitrage s'appliquentmutatis
mutandis,à la procédure établiedans le présentarticle et la décisionde la cour
d'arbitrage est définitiveet obligatoire pour les Parties.

ArticleXIV

Leprésent compromisd'arbitrageentreenvigueur conformémentàl'article II
ou Bl'article III du traitéentre leGouvernement du Canada et leGouvernement
des Etats-Unis d'Amériquevisant a soumettre au règlement obligatoire le dif-
férendrelatifàladélimitationdela frontièremaritime dans larégiondu golfedu
Maine, signé encejour, et demeure en vigueur jusqu'à la dénonciation dudit
traité.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, beingduly authorized thereto by their

respective Governments, have signed this Agreement.
DONE in duplicate at Washington this twenty-nintb day of March 1979,in the
French and Eoglish languages, eacb text being equally authentic.26 GULFOF MAINE - GOLFE DU MAINE

EN FOI DEQUOI,les soussignés,dûment autorisésà cet effet par leurs gou-
vernements respectifs, ont signéle présent compromis.

FAITen double exemplaire à Washington ce vingt-neuvièmejour de mars
1979,en français et en anglais, chaque texte faisant égaiement foi.

For the Government of For the Government of the
Canada : United States of America :

Pour le Gouvernement Pour le Gouvernement
du Canada : des Etats-Unis d'Amérique:

(Signed) (Signé)Peter TOWE. (Signed) (Signé)cYms R. VANCE.
(Signed) (Signé)M.CADIEUX. (Signed) (Signé)Lloyd N. Cur~iin