Dissenting opinion of Judge ad hoc Gaja

309

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE AD HOC GAJA

1. The Court’s Judgment accepts the view that the jurisdictional immu-
nity of a foreign State does not cover certain claims concerning repara -
tion for torts committed in the forum State. However, the Court

“considers that customary international law continues to require thatp
a State be accorded immunity in proceedings for torts allegedly com -

Separate Opinion of Judge Bennouna

172

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE BENNOUNA

Evolution of the customary rule of immunity — Change in the concept of sover ‑
eignty — Link between the law of international responsibility and jurisdictional▯
immunity — Right to have access to justice — Exceptional circumstances allowing

the lifting of immunity — Unity of international law — Mechanical conception of
the judicial task.

Separate opinion of Judge Donoghue

329

SEpARATE OpINION OF JUdgE dONOgHUE

Agreement with rejection of first preliminary objection but disagreement with
Court’s reasoning and methodology — Dispute involving the subject-matter of

CERD pre-dated 9 August 2008 — Imposition of prior notice and prior opposition
requirements contravenes Court’s established jurisprudence — Mischaracterization
of the requirement in South West Africa cases — Disagreement with Court’s
methodology giving no weight to opposing views in Parties’ submission▯s.

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