DECLARATION OF JUDGE BHANDARI
1966 Geneva Agreement — Court’s finding that United Kingdom has no role in resolution of dispute and that Monetary Gold principle does not come into play Finding concerning agreement to this arrangement also applies to other parties to Geneva Agreement.
1. I agree with the Court’s Judgment and its reasoning. I make this declaration to note an additional conceptual point.
2. The Court’s rejection of Venezuela’s preliminary objection rests on the findings that the United Kingdom has no role in the resolution of this dispute and that the Monetary Gold principle does not come into play (Judgment, paras. 91, 95, 97, 102 and 105-107). The Court reached these conclusions on the basis of its interpretation of the 1966 Geneva Agreement and the subsequent practice of the parties to that Agreement.
3. In the Court’s interpretation, which I share, the Geneva Agreement reflects a common understanding, on the part of all parties to that instrument, that the dispute existing between the United Kingdom and Venezuela on 17 February 1966 would be settled by Guyana and Venezuela through one of the procedures referenced in the Geneva Agreement (ibid., paras. 95-96). Consequently, as a party to that instrument, the United Kingdom accepted that it would have no role in those procedures (ibid., paras. 97 and 107). I share the view that the United Kingdom was aware of the scope of the dispute regarding the validity of the 1899 Award (ibid., para. 102) and that it accepted the arrangement under Article IV, which allowed Guyana and Venezuela to submit the dispute to judicial settlement without the United Kingdom’s involvement (ibid., paras. 97, 102 and 107). Moreover, I share the Court’s conclusion that subsequent practice confirms this understanding (ibid., paras. 103-106). In particular, Venezuela engaged exclusively with the Government of Guyana, and not with the United Kingdom, during the good offices process (ibid., para. 105).
4. There is little doubt that the United Kingdom accepted and supported these arrangements, especially the possibility that the dispute could be settled through one of the procedures referred to in Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations. However, what renders this situation particular is the fact that the other parties, Venezuela and Guyana, accepted this circumstance as well.
5. It follows that one can also consider the situation from the opposite angle. Just as the United Kingdom accepted that it would have no role in the settlement of the dispute, so it could be said that, by becoming a party to the Geneva Agreement, Venezuela itself in any event also forfeited any right it might otherwise have had to object to this dispute being settled through a procedure not involving the United Kingdom. A textual interpretation of the Geneva Agreement already leads to this conclusion, but it is further bolstered by the parties’ subsequent practice, as noted above.
(Signed) Dalveer BHANDARI.
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294
DECLARATION OF JUDGE BHANDARI
1966 Geneva Agreement — Court’s finding that United Kingdom has no
role in resolution of dispute and that Monetary Gold principle does not
come into play — Finding concerning agreement to this arrangement also
applies to other parties to Geneva Agreement.
1. I agree with the Court’s Judgment and its reasoning. I make this declaration
to note an additional conceptual point.
2. The Court’s rejection of Venezuela’s preliminary objection rests on the
findings that the United Kingdom has no role in the resolution of this dispute
and that the Monetary Gold principle does not come into play (Judgment,
paras. 91, 95, 97, 102 and 105-107). The Court reached these conclusions on
the basis of its interpretation of the 1966 Geneva Agreement and the subsequent
practice of the parties to that Agreement.
3. In the Court’s interpretation, which I share, the Geneva Agreement
reflects a common understanding, on the part of all parties to that instrument,
that the dispute existing between the United Kingdom and Venezuela
on 17 February 1966 would be settled by Guyana and Venezuela through one
of the procedures referenced in the Geneva Agreement (Judgment,
paras. 95-96). Consequently, as a party to that instrument, the United
Kingdom accepted that it would have no role in those procedures (ibid.,
paras. 97 and 107). I share the view that the United Kingdom was aware of
the scope of the dispute regarding the validity of the 1899 Award (ibid.,
para. 102) and that it accepted the arrangement under Article IV, which
allowed Guyana and Venezuela to submit the dispute to judicial settlement
without the United Kingdom’s involvement (ibid., paras. 97, 102 and 107).
Moreover, I share the Court’s conclusion that subsequent practice confirms
this understanding (ibid., paras. 103-106). In particular, Venezuela engaged
exclusively with the Government of Guyana, and not with the United
Kingdom, during the good offices process (ibid., para. 105).
4. There is little doubt that the United Kingdom accepted and supported
these arrangements, especially the possibility that the dispute could be
settled through one of the procedures referred to in Article 33 of the Charter
of the United Nations. However, what renders this situation particular is the
fact that the other parties, Venezuela and Guyana, accepted this circumstance
as well.
294
DÉCLARATION DE M. LE JUGE BHANDARI
[Traduction]
Accord de Genève de 1966 — Conclusion de la Cour selon laquelle
le Royaume-Uni n’a aucun rôle à jouer dans le règlement du différend et le
principe de l’Or monétaire n’entre pas en jeu — Conclusion concernant
l’accord sur ce mécanisme étant également applicable aux autres parties
à l’accord de Genève.
1. Je souscris à l’arrêt de la Cour et aux motifs qui le sous-tendent, mais
tiens, dans la présente déclaration, à formuler une observation théorique
complémentaire.
2. Le rejet par la Cour de l’exception préliminaire du Venezuela repose
sur la conclusion selon laquelle le Royaume-Uni n’a aucun rôle à jouer dans
le règlement du différend et celle selon laquelle le principe de l’Or monétaire
n’entre pas en jeu (arrêt, par. 91, 95, 97, 102 et 105-107). La Cour est parvenue
à ces conclusions à la lumière de son interprétation de l’accord de Genève
de 1966 et de la pratique ultérieure suivie par les parties à cet accord.
3. Selon l’interprétation de la Cour, que j’approuve, l’accord de Genève
reflète la position partagée par toutes les parties à cet instrument, selon
laquelle le différend qui existait entre le Royaume-Uni et le Venezuela le
17 février 1966 serait réglé par le Guyana et le Venezuela au moyen d’une
des procédures prévues dans l’accord de Genève (arrêt, par. 95-96).
Le Royaume-Uni a donc, en tant que partie à l’accord, accepté le fait qu’il
n’aurait aucun rôle à jouer dans ces procédures (ibid., par. 97 et 107). Je souscris
à l’idée que le Royaume-Uni avait connaissance de la portée du différend
concernant la validité de la sentence de 1899 (ibid., par. 102) et qu’il a accepté
le mécanisme convenu à l’article IV, qui permettrait au Guyana et au
Venezuela de soumettre le différend au règlement judiciaire sans sa participation
(ibid., par. 97, 102 et 107). Je souscris également à la conclusion de la
Cour selon laquelle la pratique ultérieure confirme ce point de vue (ibid.,
par. 103-106). En particulier, le Venezuela a, tout au long de la procédure des
bons offices, dialogué exclusivement avec le Gouvernement du Guyana,
et non avec le Royaume-Uni (ibid., par. 105).
4. Il ne fait guère de doute que le Royaume-Uni a accepté et appuyé
les termes de ce mécanisme, notamment la possibilité que le différend soit
réglé par l’une des procédures visées à l’article 33 de la Charte des Nations
Unies. Le caractère particulier de la présente affaire tient cependant au fait
que les autres parties, le Venezuela et le Guyana, ont, elles aussi, accepté cet
élément.
295 arbitral award of 3 october 1899 (decl. bhandari)
5. It follows that one can also consider the situation from the opposite
angle. Just as the United Kingdom accepted that it would have no role in the
settlement of the dispute, so it could be said that, by becoming a party to the
Geneva Agreement, Venezuela itself in any event also forfeited any right it
might otherwise have had to object to this dispute being settled through a
procedure not involving the United Kingdom. A textual interpretation of the
Geneva Agreement already leads to this conclusion, but it is further bolstered
by the parties’ subsequent practice, as noted above.
(Signed) Dalveer Bhandari.
sentence arbitrale du 3 octobre 1899 (décl. bhandari) 295
5. On pourrait donc tout aussi bien envisager la situation sous l’angle
opposé, en considérant que, de même que le Royaume-Uni a accepté de ne
jouer aucun rôle dans le règlement du différend, le Venezuela, en devenant
partie à l’accord de Genève, a, en tout état de cause, perdu le droit dont il
aurait autrement pu se prévaloir de s’opposer à ce que le présent différend fût
réglé par une procédure ne faisant pas intervenir le Royaume-Uni. Quoique
l’interprétation textuelle de l’accord de Genève conduise déjà à cette conclusion,
celle-ci se trouve aussi confirmée par la pratique ultérieure des parties,
ainsi que cela est relevé ci-dessus.
(Signé) Dalveer Bhandari.
Declaration of Judge Bhandari