256
49
DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC DAUDET
[Original English Text]
1. I deeply regret that operative paragraph 3 of the Order, concerning
the obligation to refrain from any act that might aggravate or extend the
dispute, is addressed to Ukraine as well as to the Russian Federation. In
my view, this measure of non-aggravation
of the dispute should have
been directed solely at the Russian Federation, which I recall was designated
by the United Nations General Assembly 1 as the perpetrator of
aggression against Ukraine.
2. Volens nolens, however, I found myself obliged to vote in favour of
this measure addressed to both Parties. Indeed, to vote in the negative in
order to spare Ukraine would at the same time have exonerated the Russian
Federation, which would have been the worst solution. But I would
like to make it clear here that this vote, as far as Ukraine is concerned, is
in my view meaningless.
3. Indeed, it is going against the evidence to think that Ukraine is
likely to “aggravate” the conflict, when the reality shows that the Russian
Federation alone is constantly amplifying military operations and making
them more painful and tragic every day for a growing number of Ukrainians.
The heroic defence of Ukrainians, both military and civilian, is
taking
place in a totally unbalanced way, in an unequal conflict marked
by numerous and profound violations of international law and humanitarian
law attributable to one side — the Russian Federation — which
has military means of which the other side — Ukraine — is deprived, so
that the possibilities of aggravation can only come from the former. In
the current conflict, it is clear that the obvious escalation of the conflict,
as it is developing day by day, is largely (but not only) due to the control
of the skies by the Russian air force, which can bomb any target it decides
to attack in more and more parts of Ukraine.
4. Ukraine is under bombardment and can only fight a defensive war
and resist as best it can against an attack by the world’s second largest
army. If the Russian military operation is not going as smoothly as
President
Putin had hoped, it is certainly not because the Ukrainians are
escalating the conflict, nor because they are in danger of doing so, but
simply because they are showing a courage and determination that is
admired the world over. I hope that they will not regard the Court’s
position
as a form of insult to their courage, which it clearly does not
intend to be.
1 United Nations, General Assembly resolution A/RES/ES-11/1, 2 March 2022.
257 allegations of genocide (decl. daudet)
50
5. Finally, it should be recalled that more and more victims are to be
deplored among the civilian population, among women and children, victims
of the unspeakable cruelty of a Head of State whose designs violate
the most elementary principles of humanity and civilization.
6. It therefore goes against all logic to enjoin the Ukrainians not to
aggravate the dispute, since their dearest wish is that it should cease, that
the women and children who have had to flee should be able to return to
a country at peace and be reunited with their husbands and fathers who
have gone to war. They also want to live in a régime of freedom and
democracy, which the perpetrator of the aggression would deprive them
of. They want peace and their State has turned to the Court to obtain it
through international law.
7. If there is therefore one Party to the dispute, and only one, towards
which non-aggravation
measures make sense, it is the Russian Federation
and only it. The Court was perfectly entitled to decide in this sense, since
there is no rule that requires this kind of balance between the parties,
which would make it necessary to address both of them at the same time
in order to enjoin them to respect the same measure, even if it is its usual
practice to do so.
8. Having made this reservation with regard to one element of this
third provisional measure decided by the Court, I wish to emphasize that
I have agreed in full with the reasons for the Order. Indeed, I considered
that the Court, at the stage of provisional measures and under the legal
basis — the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime
of Genocide — chosen by the Applicant, had succeeded in the difficult
exercise of fully respecting the limits and requirements of the provisional
measures procedure, while at the same time satisfying to the best of its
ability Ukraine’s requests for the suspension of military operations and
for the other guarantees it sought.
9. Public opinion was informed by the media of Ukraine’s referral to
the Court and many people placed their hopes in the voice of international
law that the World Court would carry. I believe that this Order will
meet their legitimate expectations.
10. To this hope, I would add a wish: President Putin cannot be
reproached for willingly referring to Russian history and sometimes to
the period of the Empire. I hope that he will remember the initiative of
Tsar Nicholas II in convening the first Peace Conference in The Hague
in 1899, which was the cornerstone of the construction of a world order
for peace and the peaceful settlement of disputes.
(Signed) Yves Daudet.
256
49
DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC DAUDET
[Original English Text]
1. I deeply regret that operative paragraph 3 of the Order, concerning
the obligation to refrain from any act that might aggravate or extend the
dispute, is addressed to Ukraine as well as to the Russian Federation. In
my view, this measure of non-aggravation
of the dispute should have
been directed solely at the Russian Federation, which I recall was designated
by the United Nations General Assembly 1 as the perpetrator of
aggression against Ukraine.
2. Volens nolens, however, I found myself obliged to vote in favour of
this measure addressed to both Parties. Indeed, to vote in the negative in
order to spare Ukraine would at the same time have exonerated the Russian
Federation, which would have been the worst solution. But I would
like to make it clear here that this vote, as far as Ukraine is concerned, is
in my view meaningless.
3. Indeed, it is going against the evidence to think that Ukraine is
likely to “aggravate” the conflict, when the reality shows that the Russian
Federation alone is constantly amplifying military operations and making
them more painful and tragic every day for a growing number of Ukrainians.
The heroic defence of Ukrainians, both military and civilian, is
taking
place in a totally unbalanced way, in an unequal conflict marked
by numerous and profound violations of international law and humanitarian
law attributable to one side — the Russian Federation — which
has military means of which the other side — Ukraine — is deprived, so
that the possibilities of aggravation can only come from the former. In
the current conflict, it is clear that the obvious escalation of the conflict,
as it is developing day by day, is largely (but not only) due to the control
of the skies by the Russian air force, which can bomb any target it decides
to attack in more and more parts of Ukraine.
4. Ukraine is under bombardment and can only fight a defensive war
and resist as best it can against an attack by the world’s second largest
army. If the Russian military operation is not going as smoothly as
President
Putin had hoped, it is certainly not because the Ukrainians are
escalating the conflict, nor because they are in danger of doing so, but
simply because they are showing a courage and determination that is
admired the world over. I hope that they will not regard the Court’s
position
as a form of insult to their courage, which it clearly does not
intend to be.
1 United Nations, General Assembly resolution A/RES/ES-11/1, 2 March 2022.
256
49
DÉCLARATION DE M. LE JUGE AD HOC DAUDET
[Texte original en français]
1. Je regrette vivement que le point 3 du dispositif de l’ordonnance
relatif à l’obligation de s’abstenir de tout acte qui risquerait d’aggraver ou
d’étendre le différend s’adresse à l’Ukraine au même titre qu’à la Fédération
de Russie. De mon point de vue, cette mesure de non-aggravation du
différend aurait dû viser la seule Fédération de Russie, dont je rappelle
qu’elle a été désignée par l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies 1 comme
l’auteur d’une agression contre l’Ukraine.
2. Volens nolens, je me suis cependant trouvé dans l’obligation de voter
en faveur de cette mesure adressée aux deux Parties. En effet, voter par
la négative pour épargner l’Ukraine aurait en même temps exonéré la
Fédération de Russie, ce qui eût été la pire des solutions. Mais je tiens à
préciser ici que ce vote, pour ce qui concerne l’Ukraine, est à mes
yeux dépourvu de toute signification.
3. En effet, c’est aller contre l’évidence de penser que l’Ukraine est susceptible
d’« aggraver » le conflit alors que la réalité montre que seule la
Fédération de Russie ne cesse d’amplifier les opérations militaires et de les
rendre chaque jour plus douloureuses et tragiques pour un nombre croissant
d’Ukrainiens. La défense héroïque des Ukrainiens, militaires et civils,
se déroule de façon totalement déséquilibrée dans le cadre d’un conflit
inégal marqué par de nombreuses et profondes violations du droit international
et du droit humanitaire imputables à un seul côté — la Fédération
de Russie —, disposant de moyens militaires dont l’autre côté
— l’Ukraine — est privé, en sorte que les possibilités d’aggravation ne
peuvent provenir que du premier. Dans le conflit actuel, il est clair que
l’aggravation manifeste du conflit, telle qu’on la voit se développer de
jour en jour, tient en grande partie (mais pas seulement) à la maîtrise du
ciel par l’aviation russe, qui peut bombarder tous les objectifs auxquels
elle décide de s’attaquer dans des régions de l’Ukraine de plus en plus
nombreuses.
4. L’Ukraine ploie sous les bombes et ne peut mener qu’une guerre
défensive et résister le mieux qu’elle le peut contre une attaque conduite
par la deuxième armée du monde. Si l’opération militaire russe se déroule
moins facilement que le président Poutine ne l’espérait, ce n’est certainement
pas parce que les Ukrainiens aggravent le conflit ni qu’ils risquent
de le faire mais simplement parce qu’ils témoignent d’un courage et d’une
détermination qui font l’admiration du monde. J’espère qu’ils ne ressentiront
pas la position retenue par la Cour comme une forme d’injure faite
à leur courage, ce qu’elle ne veut évidemment pas être.
1 Nations Unies, Assemblée générale, résolution A/RES/ES-11/1, 2 mars 2022.
257 allegations of genocide (decl. daudet)
50
5. Finally, it should be recalled that more and more victims are to be
deplored among the civilian population, among women and children, victims
of the unspeakable cruelty of a Head of State whose designs violate
the most elementary principles of humanity and civilization.
6. It therefore goes against all logic to enjoin the Ukrainians not to
aggravate the dispute, since their dearest wish is that it should cease, that
the women and children who have had to flee should be able to return to
a country at peace and be reunited with their husbands and fathers who
have gone to war. They also want to live in a régime of freedom and
democracy, which the perpetrator of the aggression would deprive them
of. They want peace and their State has turned to the Court to obtain it
through international law.
7. If there is therefore one Party to the dispute, and only one, towards
which non-aggravation
measures make sense, it is the Russian Federation
and only it. The Court was perfectly entitled to decide in this sense, since
there is no rule that requires this kind of balance between the parties,
which would make it necessary to address both of them at the same time
in order to enjoin them to respect the same measure, even if it is its usual
practice to do so.
8. Having made this reservation with regard to one element of this
third provisional measure decided by the Court, I wish to emphasize that
I have agreed in full with the reasons for the Order. Indeed, I considered
that the Court, at the stage of provisional measures and under the legal
basis — the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime
of Genocide — chosen by the Applicant, had succeeded in the difficult
exercise of fully respecting the limits and requirements of the provisional
measures procedure, while at the same time satisfying to the best of its
ability Ukraine’s requests for the suspension of military operations and
for the other guarantees it sought.
9. Public opinion was informed by the media of Ukraine’s referral to
the Court and many people placed their hopes in the voice of international
law that the World Court would carry. I believe that this Order will
meet their legitimate expectations.
10. To this hope, I would add a wish: President Putin cannot be
reproached for willingly referring to Russian history and sometimes to
the period of the Empire. I hope that he will remember the initiative of
Tsar Nicholas II in convening the first Peace Conference in The Hague
in 1899, which was the cornerstone of the construction of a world order
for peace and the peaceful settlement of disputes.
(Signed) Yves Daudet.
allégations de génocide (décl. daudet) 257
50
5. Il convient enfin de rappeler que, de plus en plus souvent, les victimes
de plus en plus nombreuses sont à déplorer au sein de la population
civile, parmi les femmes et les enfants, victimes de la cruauté indicible
d’un chef d’Etat dont les desseins violent les principes les plus élémentaires
de toute humanité et de toute civilisation.
6. C’est donc aller contre toute logique que d’enjoindre aux Ukrainiens
de ne pas aggraver le différend puisque leur voeu le plus cher est justement
que celui-
ci cesse, que les femmes et les enfants qui ont dû fuir puissent
revenir dans un pays en paix et retrouver sains et saufs leur conjoint et
leur père partis au combat. Ils souhaitent également vivre dans un régime
de liberté et de démocratie dont l’auteur de l’agression les priverait. Ils
veulent la paix et leur Etat s’est tourné vers la Cour pour l’obtenir par les
voies du droit international.
7. S’il est donc une Partie au différend et une seule envers laquelle des
mesures de non-aggravation revêtent tout leur sens, c’est bien la Fédération
de Russie et elle seule. La Cour pouvait parfaitement décider en ce
sens, aucune règle n’obligeant à cette forme d’équilibre entre les parties
qui obligerait à s’adresser aux deux à la fois pour leur enjoindre de respecter
la même mesure, même s’il est dans sa pratique habituelle de le
faire.
8. Une fois cette réserve formulée à l’égard d’un élément de cette troisième
mesure conservatoire décidée par la Cour, je tiens à souligner que
j’ai souscrit à l’intégralité des motifs de l’ordonnance. J’ai en effet considéré
que la Cour, au stade des mesures conservatoires et selon le fondement
juridique, la convention pour la prévention et la répression du crime
de génocide, choisi par le demandeur, avait su réussir le difficile exercice
consistant à respecter pleinement les limites et les exigences de la procédure
des mesures conservatoires, tout en satisfaisant au mieux les
demandes de l’Ukraine de suspendre les opérations militaires et de bénéficier
d’autres garanties qu’elle réclamait.
9. L’opinion publique a été informée par les médias de la saisine de la
Cour par l’Ukraine et nombreux sont ceux qui ont placé leur espoir dans
la voix du droit international que porterait la Cour mondiale. Je crois
pouvoir penser que cette ordonnance répondra à leurs attentes légitimes.
10. A cet espoir, j’ajouterai un voeu : on ne saurait reprocher au président
Poutine de se référer volontiers à l’histoire de la Russie et parfois à
la période de l’Empire. Je forme le voeu qu’il se souvienne de l’initiative
du tsar Nicolas II convoquant à La Haye en 1899 la première conférence
de la paix, pierre angulaire de l’édification d’un ordre mondial en vue de
la paix et du règlement pacifique des différends.
(Signé) Yves Daudet.
Declaration of Judge ad hoc Daudet