Declaration of Judge ad hoc Guillaume

Document Number
151-20110718-ORD-01-07-EN
Parent Document Number
151-20110718-ORD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

625

DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC GUILLAUME

[Translation]

Conditions for granting provisional measures — Application for interpretation —
Dispute as to both the operative clause of the 1962 Judgment and parts o▯f the
reasoning — Reasoning having binding force — Jurisdiction.
Creation of a demilitarized zone — Situation of the Temple of Preah Vihear in
this zone — Guarantees given to Cambodia.

1. The Kingdom of Cambodia submitted to the Court an Application for

interpretation of its Judgment of 15 June 1962 in the case concerning the
Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand). It accompanied this Appli -
cation with a request for the indication of provisional measures, with aff view
to safeguarding the rights which it deems to derive from that Judgment.

Thailand maintained that Cambodia’s Application in fact sought revisiffon or
enforcement of the 1962 Judgment and should accordingly be removed from
the Court’s List as being clearly inadmissible. The Court unanimouslyff
rejected those submissions and went on to ascertain whether the conditioffns
required to grant provisional measures were satisfied in this case.

2. The Court first recalled that it had jurisdiction to entertain a requestff
for interpretation based on Article 60 of the Statute, provided there was
a “dispute as to the meaning or scope” of a judgment rendered by ifft
(Order, para. 21). It made clear that Article 60 did not impose any time-

limit on requests for interpretation (ibid., para. 37). However, it added
that it “may indicate provisional measures in the context of proceediffngs
for interpretation of a judgment only if it is satisfied that there appeffars
prima facie to exist a ‘dispute’ within the meaning of Article 60 of the
Statute” (ibid., para. 21). Such a dispute may relate to the operative clause

of the judgment or to the reasons, to the extent that these are inseparaffble
from the operative clause (ibid., para. 23).
3. In this case, the Court quite rightly pointed out the existence of
three disputes. It noted first of all that the Parties were in disagreemffent on

two aspects of the meaning and scope of the second paragraph of the
operative clause of the 1962 Judgment regarding Thailand’s evacuationff
from the vicinity of the temple. It further noted that they were in dis -
agreement over “the question of whether the Judgment did or did not
recognize with binding force the line shown on the Annex I map as repre -

senting the frontier between the two Parties” (ibid., para. 31). It recalled
in this connection that “a difference of opinion as to whether a partfficular
point has or has not been decided with binding force . . . constitutes a
case which comes within the terms of Article 60 of the Statute” (ibid.).
4. This key question having been settled, it remained for the Court to

ascertain whether the other conditions required for granting provisionalff

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6 CIJ1023.indb 181 18/06/13 10:38 request for interpretffation (decl. guillaumffe) 626

measures were satisfied. In this connection, the Court had no difficultffy in

recognizing as “plausible” the rights invoked by Cambodia on the basis
of the interpretation it gave to the 1962 Judgment. Nor did it have any ff
difficulty in finding that the urgency attaching to the grant of provisffional
measures was present.
5. I fully subscribe to these various findings of the Court which, to my

mind, will enable it to pronounce in due course on all of the submissionffs
presented by Cambodia.
6. On the other hand, it was not easy for the Court to determine the
provisional measures to be adopted, in the light of the data available tffo it
on the armed forces present. Moreover, these measures must clearly not

prejudge the merits. They therefore had to be aimed at both Parties and ff
could have regard to neither the frontier recognized in the reasoning offf
the 1962 Judgment nor to Thailand’s claims, which, moreover, had varied
over time.
7. This explains why the Court decided to establish a relatively exten -

sive provisional demilitarized zone. This zone includes the sectors lyinffg
between the frontier recognized in 1962 and the lines claimed by Thai -
land. But it also includes territories over which Thai sovereignty is nofft
disputed by Cambodia and Cambodian sovereignty is not disputed by
Thailand. It has in fact been delimited with the sole aim of preventing the

resumption of military activity within or directed at the zone.

8. This explains why the Temple itself is included in the demilitarized
zone. Cambodia may nevertheless continue to station in the sectors underff
its sovereignty, and in particular in the Temple, the personnel requiredff to

ensure the security of persons and property (paragraph 61 of the Order),
whether it be police personnel or guards or keepers. The latter must of ff
course have the necessary weapons and ammunition. Finally, Thailand
“shall not obstruct Cambodia’s free access to the Temple . . . or Cambo -
dia’s provision of fresh supplies to its non-military personnel” wffho will

remain there (ibid., para. 69 (B) (2).

9. I would personally have preferred the Temple itself to be excluded
from the demilitarized zone. However, I felt that the most important conff -
sideration was to establish such a zone, provided the rights of Cambodiaff

over the Temple were guaranteed. In my view, that condition has been
satisfied: the Court’s Order recalls Cambodia’s sovereignty over the Tem -
ple, ensures it free access to the Temple and allows it to station persoffnnel
there, in particular the police personnel necessary to ensure the securiffty of
persons and property therein.

(Signed ) Gilbert Guillaume.

93

6 CIJ1023.indb 183 18/06/13 10:38

Bilingual Content

625

DÉCLARATION DE M. LE JUGE AD HOC GUILLAUME

Conditions de l’octroi de mesures conservatoires — Recours en interprétation —
Contestation portant tant sur le dispositif de l’arrêt de 1962 que sur certains
motifs — Motifs ayant force obligatoire — Compétence.
Création d’une zone démilitarisée — Situation du temple de Préah Vihéar dans
cette zone — Garanties données au Cambodge.

1. Le Royaume du Cambodge a présenté à la Cour une requête en

interprétation de l’arrêt rendu par cette dernière le 15 juin 1962 dans l’af -
faire du Temple de Préah Vihéar (Cambodge c. Thaïlande). Il a accompa-
gné cette requête d’une demande en indication de mesures conserffvatoires
en vue de sauvegarder les droits qu’il estime tenir de cet arrêt. ffLa Thaï -

lande a soutenu que la requête du Cambodge tendait en fait à la reffvision
et à l’exécution de l’arrêt de 1962 et devait par suite êfftre rayée du rôle de
la Cour comme manifestement irrecevable. La Cour a écarté à l’ffunani -
mité ces conclusions et a par suite recherché si les conditions reffquises
pour l’octroi de mesures conservatoires étaient en l’espèce ffremplies.

2. La Cour a en premier lieu rappelé qu’elle est compétente pour
connaître d’une demande en interprétation fondée sur l’arffticle 60 du Sta -
tut dès lors qu’il existe « une contestation sur le sens et la portée » d’un
arrêt rendu par elle (ordonnance, par. 21). Elle a précisé que l’article 60

ne soumet les demandes en interprétation à aucune condition de défflai
(ibid., par. 37). Elle a cependant ajouté qu’elle « ne peut indiquer des
mesures conservatoires dans le cadre d’une procédure en interprétation
d’un arrêt que si elle constate qu’il semble prima facie exister une «contes -
tation» au sens de l’article 60 du Statut » (ibid., par. 21). Cette contesta -

tion peut porter sur le dispositif de l’arrêt ou sur ses motifs dans la mesure
où ceux-ci sont inséparables du dispositif (ibid., par. 23).
3. En l’espèce, la Cour a relevé à juste titre l’existence de trois contes -
tations. Elle a noté tout d’abord que les Parties étaient en doffuble désac -

cord sur le sens et la portée du paragraphe 2 du dispositif de l’arrêt de
1962 concernant l’évacuation par la Thaïlande des environs du tffemple.
Elle a en outre relevé qu’elles s’opposaient « sur la question de savoir si
l’arrêt a ou non reconnu avec force obligatoire la ligne tracéeff sur la carte
de l’annexe I comme représentant la frontière entre les deux Parties »

(ibid., par. 31). Elle a rappelé sur ce point qu’« une divergence de vues sur
la question de savoir si tel ou tel point a été décidé avec ffforce obligatoire
constitue … un cas qui rentre dans le cadre de l’article 60 du Statut »
(ibid.).
4. Cette question essentielle étant tranchée, il restait à la Courff à recher-

cher si les autres conditions requises pour l’octroi de mesures conseffrva -

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6 CIJ1023.indb 180 18/06/13 10:38 625

DECLARATION OF JUDGE AD HOC GUILLAUME

[Translation]

Conditions for granting provisional measures — Application for interpretation —
Dispute as to both the operative clause of the 1962 Judgment and parts o▯f the
reasoning — Reasoning having binding force — Jurisdiction.
Creation of a demilitarized zone — Situation of the Temple of Preah Vihear in
this zone — Guarantees given to Cambodia.

1. The Kingdom of Cambodia submitted to the Court an Application for

interpretation of its Judgment of 15 June 1962 in the case concerning the
Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand). It accompanied this Appli -
cation with a request for the indication of provisional measures, with aff view
to safeguarding the rights which it deems to derive from that Judgment.

Thailand maintained that Cambodia’s Application in fact sought revisiffon or
enforcement of the 1962 Judgment and should accordingly be removed from
the Court’s List as being clearly inadmissible. The Court unanimouslyff
rejected those submissions and went on to ascertain whether the conditioffns
required to grant provisional measures were satisfied in this case.

2. The Court first recalled that it had jurisdiction to entertain a requestff
for interpretation based on Article 60 of the Statute, provided there was
a “dispute as to the meaning or scope” of a judgment rendered by ifft
(Order, para. 21). It made clear that Article 60 did not impose any time-

limit on requests for interpretation (ibid., para. 37). However, it added
that it “may indicate provisional measures in the context of proceediffngs
for interpretation of a judgment only if it is satisfied that there appeffars
prima facie to exist a ‘dispute’ within the meaning of Article 60 of the
Statute” (ibid., para. 21). Such a dispute may relate to the operative clause

of the judgment or to the reasons, to the extent that these are inseparaffble
from the operative clause (ibid., para. 23).
3. In this case, the Court quite rightly pointed out the existence of
three disputes. It noted first of all that the Parties were in disagreemffent on

two aspects of the meaning and scope of the second paragraph of the
operative clause of the 1962 Judgment regarding Thailand’s evacuationff
from the vicinity of the temple. It further noted that they were in dis -
agreement over “the question of whether the Judgment did or did not
recognize with binding force the line shown on the Annex I map as repre -

senting the frontier between the two Parties” (ibid., para. 31). It recalled
in this connection that “a difference of opinion as to whether a partfficular
point has or has not been decided with binding force . . . constitutes a
case which comes within the terms of Article 60 of the Statute” (ibid.).
4. This key question having been settled, it remained for the Court to

ascertain whether the other conditions required for granting provisionalff

92

6 CIJ1023.indb 181 18/06/13 10:38 626 demande en interprétffation (décl. guillaumffe)

toires étaient remplies. A cet égard, la Cour n’a eu aucune diffiffculté à re-
connaître comme « plausibles» les droits invoqués par le Cambodge sur

la base de l’interprétation donnée par lui à l’arrêt de 1962. Elle n’a pas eu
davantage de difficulté à constater l’urgence qui s’attachaffit à l’octroi de
mesures conservatoires.
5. Je souscris entièrement à ces diverses constatations de la Cour quffi, à
mon sentiment, permettront à celle-ci de se prononcer le moment venu ff

sur l’ensemble des conclusions présentées par le Cambodge.
6. Il n’a en revanche pas été aisé pour la Cour de détermineffr les mesures
conservatoires à adopter, compte tenu des données dont elle disposait sur
les forces armées en présence. En outre, ces mesures ne devaient àff l’évi -
dence pas préjuger le fond. Elles devaient dès lors viser les deuxff Parties,
et ne pouvaient faire état ni de la frontière reconnue dans les mofftifs de

l’arrêt de 1962 ni des revendications de la Thaïlande, qui d’ffailleurs avaient
varié dans le temps.
7. Cela explique pourquoi la Cour a décidé d’établir une zone dffémili -
tarisée provisoire relativement vaste. Cette zone inclut les secteursff com -
pris entre la frontière reconnue en 1962 et les lignes revendiquéeffs par la

Thaïlande. Mais elle comprend aussi des territoires sur lesquels la sffouve -
raineté thaïlandaise n’est pas contestée par le Cambodge et ffla souverai -
neté cambodgienne n’est pas contestée par la Thaïlande. Elleff a en effet été
délimitée à seule fin de prévenir la reprise d’activitéffs militaires dans la
zone ou en direction de celle-ci.

8. Ceci explique que le temple lui-même soit compris dans la zone
démilitarisée. Le Cambodge n’en pourra pas moins continuer à stationner
dans les secteurs relevant de sa souveraineté, et notamment dans le tffemple,
les personnels nécessaires à la sécurité des personnes et deffs biens (ordon -
nance, par. 61), qu’il s’agisse de personnel de police ou de gardes ou gar -
diens. Ceux-ci devront nécessairement disposer des armes et munitions

requises à cet effet. Enfin, la Thaïlande devra ne « pas faire obstacle au
libre accès du Cambodge au temple … ni à la possibilité pour celui-ci d’y
ravitailler son personnel non militaire » qui y demeurera (ibid., par. 69,
B 2)).
9. J’aurais personnellement préféré que le temple lui-même soit exclu

de la zone démilitarisée. Il m’a semblé cependant que l’effssentiel était
d’établir une telle zone, dès lors que les droits du Cambodge sffur le temple
étaient garantis. Or cette condition m’a paru remplie : l’ordonnance de la
Cour rappelle en effet la souveraineté du Cambodge sur le temple, luiff
assure le libre accès au temple et lui permet d’y stationner les personnels

et notamment les personnels de police nécessaires pour y assurer la sffécu -
rité des personnes et des biens.

(Signé) Gilbert Guillaume.

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6 CIJ1023.indb 182 18/06/13 10:38 request for interpretffation (decl. guillaumffe) 626

measures were satisfied. In this connection, the Court had no difficultffy in

recognizing as “plausible” the rights invoked by Cambodia on the basis
of the interpretation it gave to the 1962 Judgment. Nor did it have any ff
difficulty in finding that the urgency attaching to the grant of provisffional
measures was present.
5. I fully subscribe to these various findings of the Court which, to my

mind, will enable it to pronounce in due course on all of the submissionffs
presented by Cambodia.
6. On the other hand, it was not easy for the Court to determine the
provisional measures to be adopted, in the light of the data available tffo it
on the armed forces present. Moreover, these measures must clearly not

prejudge the merits. They therefore had to be aimed at both Parties and ff
could have regard to neither the frontier recognized in the reasoning offf
the 1962 Judgment nor to Thailand’s claims, which, moreover, had varied
over time.
7. This explains why the Court decided to establish a relatively exten -

sive provisional demilitarized zone. This zone includes the sectors lyinffg
between the frontier recognized in 1962 and the lines claimed by Thai -
land. But it also includes territories over which Thai sovereignty is nofft
disputed by Cambodia and Cambodian sovereignty is not disputed by
Thailand. It has in fact been delimited with the sole aim of preventing the

resumption of military activity within or directed at the zone.

8. This explains why the Temple itself is included in the demilitarized
zone. Cambodia may nevertheless continue to station in the sectors underff
its sovereignty, and in particular in the Temple, the personnel requiredff to

ensure the security of persons and property (paragraph 61 of the Order),
whether it be police personnel or guards or keepers. The latter must of ff
course have the necessary weapons and ammunition. Finally, Thailand
“shall not obstruct Cambodia’s free access to the Temple . . . or Cambo -
dia’s provision of fresh supplies to its non-military personnel” wffho will

remain there (ibid., para. 69 (B) (2).

9. I would personally have preferred the Temple itself to be excluded
from the demilitarized zone. However, I felt that the most important conff -
sideration was to establish such a zone, provided the rights of Cambodiaff

over the Temple were guaranteed. In my view, that condition has been
satisfied: the Court’s Order recalls Cambodia’s sovereignty over the Tem -
ple, ensures it free access to the Temple and allows it to station persoffnnel
there, in particular the police personnel necessary to ensure the securiffty of
persons and property therein.

(Signed ) Gilbert Guillaume.

93

6 CIJ1023.indb 183 18/06/13 10:38

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Declaration of Judge ad hoc Guillaume

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