Application instituting proceedings

Document Number
184-20220930-APP-01-00-EN
Document Type
Incidental Proceedings
Date of the Document
Document File
Bilingual Document File

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICEAPPLICATIONINSTITUTING PROCEEDINGSfiled in the Registry of the Court
on 29 September 2022
REQUEST RELATING TO THE RETURN
OF PROPERTY CONFISCATED
IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
(EQUATORIAL GUINEA v. FRANCE)
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICEREQUÊTEINTRODUCTIVE D’INSTANCEenregistrée au Greffe de la Cour
le 29 septembre 2022
DEMANDE CONCERNANT LA RESTITUTION
DE BIENS CONFISQUÉS DANS LE CADRE
DE PROCÉDURES PÉNALES
(GUINÉE ÉQUATORIALE c. FRANCE)
3
2022
General List
No. 184
APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS
[Translation]
To the Registrar of the International Court of Justice, the undersigned being duly authorized by the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea:
In accordance with Articles 36, paragraph 1, and 40 of the Statute of the Court and Article 38 of its Rules, I have the honour to submit to the Court on behalf of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (hereinafter “Equatorial Guinea”) the present Application insti-
tuting proceedings against the French Republic (hereinafter “France”).
Pursuant to Article 41 of the Statute, the Application includes a request that
the Court indicate provisional measures to protect the rights invoked herein from
imminent and irreparable prejudice.
Equatorial Guinea has appointed H.E. Mr. Carmelo Nvono Ncá, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea to the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Denmark
and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, as Agent for the purpose of filing the present Application instituting proceedings against France with the International Court of Justice and to represent Equatorial Guinea in the further proceedings.
It is requested that all communications in this case be transmitted to the Agent at the following address: Place Guy d’Arezzo 6, 1180 Brussels, Belgium (email:
[email protected]).
I. Subject-Matter of the Dispute
1. The dispute between Equatorial Guinea and France concerns the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 31 October 2003 (hereinafter the “Convention”), to which both States are parties.
2. Equatorial Guinea considers that, by disregarding its request for the return of certain assets corresponding to property confiscated by decision of the French courts as the proceeds of misappropriation of public funds committed against Equatorial Guinea, France has violated its obligations under the Convention, in particular Article 57, paragraph 3 (c), thereof.
II. Genesis of the Dispute
2.1. The Proceedings Leading to the Confiscation of Property
to the Detriment of Equatorial Guinea
3. On 15 September 2011, Equatorial Guinea acquired from Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue the entire share capital of the following five Swiss companies1:
1 Agreement on the transfer of shares and claims between Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, 15 September 2011 (Ann. 1); Register of
5

Ganesha Holding, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-101.452.4632;

Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-102.438.0173;

RE Entreprise, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-100.878.5814;

GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation SA, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-100.101.6015; and

Raya Holdings, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-102.162.2176, which owns the entire share capital of two French companies7:

Société de l’Avenue du Bois, located at 14 avenue d’Eylau, 75116 Paris, registered in the Trade and Companies Register under number 552 028 9048; and

Société du 42 Avenue Foch, located at 14 avenue d’Eylau, 75116 Paris, registered in the Trade and Companies Register under number 552 028 9129.
4. On 17 October 2011, the French tax authorities duly recorded that transfer of shareholder rights10.
5. On the date of the transfer, the companies Ganesha Holding, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, RE Entreprise, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Société de l’Avenue du Bois and Société du 42 Avenue Foch (hereinafter the “companies”) were the co-owners of a building located at 42 avenue Foch in Paris, France, designated FA 60 in the land register of the 16th arrondissement of Paris (hereinafter the “building”). They held lots 501 to 519, 523 to 524, 532 to 541, 546 to 558, 560 to 564, 601 to 605, 634 to 635 and 670 to 672 of the co-owned property11. The companies had no activity other than holding and managing the building.
6. Equatorial Guinea took over the management of the building, paid the mainten-
ance fees and improvement costs of the co-owned property12.
7. Following a complaint dated 2 December 2008 by the association Transparency International France against Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue for acts
shareholders of Ganesha Holding, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, Raya Holdings and RE Enterprise (Ann. 2).
2 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Ganesha Holding, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 3).
3 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 4).
4 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, RE Entreprise, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 5).
5 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 6).
6 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Raya Holdings, consulted on 27 September 2022 (Ann. 7).
7 Agreement transferring the shares of Société de l’Avenue du Bois to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993 (Ann. 8); Agreement transferring the shares of Société du 42 Avenue Foch to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993 (Ann. 9).
8 Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société de l’Avenue du Bois, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 10).
9 Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société du 42 Avenue Foch, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 11).
10 Declaration of transfer of shareholder rights received by the tax authorities, 17 October 2011 (Ann. 12).
11 French Republic, Land Registration Department, Record of published formal acts from 1 January 1965 to 12 March 2015 (Ann. 13).
12 Invoices for the co-property fees for 42 avenue Foch (Ann. 14).
7
characterized as handling misappropriated public funds, money laundering, breach
of trust and concealment13, the investigating judge at the Paris Tribunal de grande instance ordered the attachment of the building on the basis of Article 706-150
of the French Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 131-21 of the French Penal Code14. That attachment measure was provisional, pending the decision on the
merits regarding its confiscation. The investigating judge based this decision on
the grounds that the building “was wholly or partly paid for out of the proceeds
of the . . . offences [under investigation]”15 and that Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang
Mangue “is the actual owner of the building . . . and . . . enjoys free disposal of
it”16.
8. On 19 July 2012, 28 October 2013 and 16 April 2014, the investigating judge proceeded to seize 17 vehicles, furniture and works of art on the same basis.
9. On 28 July 2021, the French Cour de cassation upheld the conviction of Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue for the offence of laundering the proceeds of misappropriation of public funds, misuse of corporate assets and breach of trust17.
It also upheld the confiscation of the building, the property that had been seized
and other moveable property18. The Cour de cassation endorsed the analysis of
the Tribunal correctionnel and the Paris Cour d’appel, which found that Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue had misappropriated from the Treasury of Equatorial Guinea, and for his own personal gain, public funds belonging to Equatorial Guinea, which had enabled him to acquire the confiscated property19.
10. The French courts recalled that, in cases involving the offence of laundering misappropriated public funds, the ultimate aim of confiscation should be restorative for the aggrieved State, which may recover the funds using the procedures provided for in the Convention:
“As regards the laundering of illegal assets, however, a pecuniary penalty
can no longer be contemplated solely in terms of its effectiveness in law enforcement, without taking account of the interests of the victims of corruption . . . The return of assets is a fundamental principle of the United Nations Convention against Corruption . . . The return of assets is the subject of a chapter (Art. 51).
It is groundbreaking in that it is the first international instrument to describe in detail procedures enabling the return of funds obtained through corruption and transferred abroad by political leaders or officials to the States from which they were stolen.”20
13 Paris Cour d’appel, judgment of 10 February 2020, p. 23 (Ann. 15).
14 Paris Tribunal de grande instance, order of 19 July 2012 (Ann. 16).
15 Ibid., p. 1.
16 Ibid., p. 4.
17 Cour de cassation, Chambre criminelle, judgment of 28 July 2021, No. 20-81.553
(Ann. 17); the Cour de cassation rendered its judgment on an appeal lodged against a judgment
of the Paris Cour d’appel of 10 February 2020 (Ann. 15); the Paris Cour d’appel rendered its judgment on an appeal lodged against a judgment of the Tribunal correctionnel; Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017 (Ann. 18).
18 Ibid.; the confiscated property is listed in the operative part of the judgment of the Paris Cour d’appel of 10 February 2020 (Ann. 15).
19 Paris Cour d’appel, judgment of 10 February 2020, pp. 56-60 and 64 (Ann. 15); Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017, pp. 70-72 and 97-98 (Ann. 18).
20 Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017, pp. 98-99 (Ann. 18).
9
2.2. Equatorial Guinea’s Request for the Return of
Property and Its Rejection by France
11. In September and October 2021, Equatorial Guinea, relying on the Convention, called on France to return certain assets corresponding to property confiscated by France, by final decision of the French courts21, as the proceeds of a crime derived from offences established in accordance with the Convention, in this instance the misappropriation of public funds committed against Equatorial Guinea and in its capacity as effective and legitimate owner22.
12. Equatorial Guinea requested that France return certain assets pursuant to Chapter V of the Convention and, more specifically, Article 57, paragraph 3 (c), thereof23.
13. Since the talks held in Paris between officials of the two countries on 3 Dec-
ember 2021 had reached an impasse, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Equatorial Guinea sent France, via its Embassy in Malabo, a Note Verbale, No. 192/022 dated 6 January 2022, notifying it that, in Equatorial Guinea’s view, (i) a legal dispute
had arisen between the two States concerning the interpretation or application of
the Convention; (ii) it had not proved possible to settle that dispute through negotiation within a reasonable time; and (iii) an official proposal was being made to France to settle the dispute by way of arbitration, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 2, of the Convention24.
14. On 15 June 2022, having received no response to its proposal to settle the
dispute by way of arbitration, Equatorial Guinea sent the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, via its Embassy in Paris, a Note Verbale, No. 320/022 dated 14 June 2022, in which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Equatorial Guinea reiterated the substance of Note Verbale No. 192/022 and the requests for
the return of assets made on 1[4] September and 27 October 2021. It took note of the lack of response from France, both to its request for the return of assets and to
its proposal of 6 January 2022 to resolve the dispute by way of arbitration; it also renewed its request, once again asking France to make known its position in that regard25.
15. The only response from France placed on record by Equatorial Guinea has been a letter dated 29 July 2022, received through its Embassy on the same date, from the Director-General of the French Agency for the Management and Recovery of Seized and Confiscated Assets (AGRASC), announcing the imminent offering for sale of an item of property whose return is sought by Equatorial Guinea, namely the building located at 40-42 avenue Foch in Paris26. The offering for sale of an item of property,
in this instance immovable property, whose return is requested by Equatorial
Guinea is clear confirmation of France’s rejection of the request for its return made
by Equatorial Guinea, which constitutes the dispute of which the Court is seised by this Application.
21 See above.
22 Request made by Equatorial Guinea to the French Ministry of Justice, 14 September 2021 (Ann. 19).
23 Explanatory “Memorandum” of the requests made by Equatorial Guinea on 14 September and 27 October 2021, paras. 52-54 (Ann. 20).
24 Note Verbale No. 192/022 sent to France by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Equatorial Guinea, 6 January 2022 (Ann. 21).
25 Note Verbale No. 320/022, dated 14 June 2022, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Equatorial Guinea, transmitted to the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs under cover of a Note Verbale (No. 130/2022), dated 15 June 2022, from the Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in France (Ann. 22).
26 Letter from the Agency for the Management and Recovery of Seized and Confiscated
Assets to the occupants of the property located at 40-42 avenue Foch, 29 July 2022 (Ann. 23).
11
16. In this regard, the jurisprudence of the Court establishes that a dispute is
characterized by the existence of a situation in which the “two sides hold clearly
opposite views concerning the question of the performance or non-performance of certain treaty obligations”27. The claim of one State must be “positively opposed”28 by the other State. In this case, a dispute, as thus defined, manifestly exists between Equatorial Guinea and France.
III. Jurisdiction of the Court and Admissibility of the Application
17. This Application is filed in accordance with Article 36, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the Court, read in conjunction with Article 66 of the Convention. Ratified by France on 11 July 2005, the Convention against Corruption entered into force between the two States after Equatorial Guinea acceded to it on 30 May 2018. Neither State has denounced the Convention and neither has made any relevant reservations in its respect.
18. Article 66 of the Convention reads as follows:
“l. States Parties shall endeavour to settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention through negotiation.
2. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the inter-
pretation or application of this Convention that cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of those States Parties, be submitted to arbitration. If, six months after the date
of the request for arbitration, those States Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those States Parties may refer
the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in accordance with the Statute of the Court.
3. Each State Party may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of this article with respect to any State Party that has made such a reservation.
4. Any State Party that has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.”
19. The present dispute clearly falls within the provisions of Article 66:

It pertains to the violation by France of its obligation to return assets to Equatorial Guinea and of its obligation to co-operate with and assist Equatorial Guinea to
that end, pursuant to the Convention, and therefore “concern[s] the interpretation
or application” of the Convention, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 2.
27 Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, First Phase, Advi-sory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1950, p. 74; Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation), Provisional Measures, Order of 19 April 2017, I.C.J. Reports 2017, p. 115, para. 22; Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Qatar v. United
Arab Emirates), Provisional Measures, Order of 23 July 2018, I.C.J. Reports 2018 (II), p. 414,
para. 18.
28 South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1962, p. 328.
13

Equatorial Guinea has endeavoured to settle the dispute through negotiation with France, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 1.

The negotiations initiated by Equatorial Guinea pursuant to Article 66, paragraph 2, could not be brought to a successful conclusion within a reasonable time.

The proposal made to France by Equatorial Guinea on 6 January 2022, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 2, of the Convention, to submit the dispute to arbitration has not met with a response as of the date of this Application, i.e. more than six months after that proposal was made.
20. Having exhausted all procedures prior to the seisin of the Court, Equatorial Guinea is entitled to proceed to that seisin, and the Court is fully competent to entertain its Application.
IV. Legal Bases of the Application
21. By its conduct, as described in Section II above, France has breached its obligation under Article 57 of the Convention to give priority consideration to returning
to Equatorial Guinea confiscated property whose return it has requested, and to extend to Equatorial Guinea the co-operation and assistance required to that end.
22. Equatorial Guinea recalls that Article 1 of the Convention provides that:
“The purposes of this Convention are:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) To promote, facilitate and support international cooperation and technical assistance in the prevention of and fight against corruption, including in asset recovery”.
23. Article 46 of the Convention, on mutual legal assistance, provides that:
“1. States Parties shall afford one another the widest measure of mutual legal assistance in investigations, prosecutions and judicial proceedings in
relation to the offences covered by this Convention.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Mutual legal assistance to be afforded in accordance with this article may be requested for any of the following purposes:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(k) The recovery of assets, in accordance with the provisions of chapter V of this Convention.”
24. Article 51 of the Convention provides that:
“The return of assets pursuant to this chapter is a fundamental principle of this Convention, and States Parties shall afford one another the widest measure of cooperation and assistance in this regard.”
25. Moreover, in its relevant part, Article 57 of the Convention provides that:
“1. Property confiscated by a State Party pursuant to article 31 or 55 of this Convention shall be disposed of, including by return to its prior legitimate owners, pursuant to paragraph 3 of this article, by that State Party in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and its domestic law.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
3. In accordance with articles 46 and 55 of this Convention and paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the requested State Party shall:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) In all other cases, give priority consideration to returning confiscated property to the requesting State Party, returning such property to its prior legitimate owners or compensating the victims of the crime.”29
26. In this instance, the property whose return Equatorial Guinea has requested has effectively been confiscated by France in accordance with Article 31 of the Convention. That article provides for the confiscation of the proceeds of crime derived from offences established under the Convention or of property the value of which corresponds to that of such proceeds, as in the case of the confiscation carried out by France.
27. Article 57, paragraph 1, requires that France “dispos[e] of [that property], including by return to its prior legitimate owners, pursuant to paragraph 3 of this article [and] in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and its domestic law”, while paragraph 3 (c) of the same article obliges France to give priority consideration to returning the confiscated property to Equatorial Guinea, returning such property to its prior legitimate owners or compensating the victims of the crime.
28. Equatorial Guinea founds this Application on the fact that France has not given priority consideration to returning the confiscated property to Equatorial Guinea, in breach of its obligation under Article 57 of the Convention. Equatorial Guinea emphasizes that at no time has France informed Equatorial Guinea that it has given priority consideration to returning the property at issue to it, or made known any grounds for not considering that return as a priority.
29. Furthermore, Equatorial Guinea was the effective and legitimate owner of an item of property at issue in the present case, prior to its confiscation. The property in question is the building located at 42 avenue Foch in Paris. France has also violated
its obligation under the Convention by failing to give any consideration to returning that immovable property to Equatorial Guinea, its effective and legitimate owner prior to the confiscation which deprived it of that property. On the contrary, as stated above, France is planning to sell that property at auction.
30. Finally, Equatorial Guinea is the sole victim of the crime, which, it should be recalled, is characterized by the French courts as misappropriation of public funds committed against Equatorial Guinea. Again, France has refused, in breach of the obligation set out in Article 57 of the Convention, to compensate Equatorial Guinea by returning to it the property it seeks to recover.
V. Submissions
31. In light of the foregoing considerations, Equatorial Guinea respectfully requests the Court to adjudge and declare:
(a) that France has violated, and continues to violate, the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 31 October 2003, by not returning to Equatorial Guinea property whose return it has requested and which constitutes the proceeds of a crime of misappropriation of public funds committed against it, including immovable property of which it was the effective and legitimate owner before its confiscation by France;
29 The other subparagraphs of Article 57, paragraph 3, are not applicable to the case at hand, which thus falls into the category of “other cases”.
17
(b) that France has violated, and continues to violate, the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 31 October 2003, by not extending to Equatorial Guinea the co-operation and assistance required for the purpose of returning to Equatorial Guinea property whose return it has requested and which constitutes the proceeds of a crime of misappropriation of public funds committed against it, including immovable property of which it was the legitimate owner before that property was expropriated as a result of the confiscation;
(c) that France has engaged, and continues to engage, its responsibility as a result of that violation;
(d) that France must, by means of its own choosing, return to Equatorial Guinea all property that Equatorial Guinea has requested to be returned to it.
32. Equatorial Guinea reserves the right to revise, supplement or amend its Application, and the grounds invoked, as necessary.
33. In accordance with Article 35, paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court, Equatorial Guinea declares its intention to avail itself of its right to choose a judge ad hoc as provided for in Article 31 of the Statute of the Court.
34. In addition to the submissions presented above, Equatorial Guinea requests the Court to indicate, in accordance with Article 41 of its Statute, the provisional
measures set out below*.30
The Hague, 29 September 2022.
(Signed) Mr. Carmelo Nvono Ncá,
Agent.
30* Not reproduced.
19
LIST OF ANNEXES*31
Annex 1. Agreement on the transfer of shares and claims between Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, 15 September 2011.
Annex 2. Register of shareholders of Ganesha Holding, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, Raya Holdings and RE Enter-
prise.
Annex 3. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Ganesha Holding,
consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 4. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Nordi Shipping &
Trading Co, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 5. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, RE Entreprise, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 6. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 7. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Raya Holdings, consulted on 27 September 2022.
Annex 8. Agreement transferring the shares of Société de l’Avenue du Bois to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993.
Annex 9. Agreement transferring the shares of Société du 42 Avenue Foch to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993.
Annex 10. Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société de l’Avenue du Bois, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 11. Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société du 42 Avenue Foch, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 12. Declaration of transfer of shareholder rights received by the tax authorities, 17 October 2011.
Annex 13. French Republic, Land Registration Department, Record of published
formal acts from 1 January 1965 to 12 March 2015.
Annex 14. Invoices for co-property fees for 42 avenue Foch.
Annex 15. Paris Cour d’appel, judgment of 10 February 2020.
Annex 16. Paris Tribunal de grande instance, order of 19 July 2012.
Annex 17. Cour de cassation, Chambre criminelle, judgment of 28 July 2021, No. 20-81.553.
Annex 18. Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017.
Annex 19. Request made by Equatorial Guinea to the French Ministry of Justice, 14 September 2021.
Annex 20. Explanatory “memorandum” of the requests made by Equatorial Guinea on 14 September and 27 October 2021.
31* The Annexes are not reproduced in the print version, but are available in electronic version on the Court’s website (http://www.icj-cij.org, under “Cases”).
21
Annex 21. Note Verbale No. 192/022 sent to France by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Equatorial Guinea, 6 January 2022.
Annex 22. Note Verbale No. 320/022, dated 14 June 2022, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Equatorial Guinea, transmitted to the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs under cover of a Note Verbale
(No. 130/2022), dated 15 June 2022, from the Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in France.
Annex 23. Letter from the Agency for the Management and Recovery of Seized and Confiscated Assets to the occupants of the property located at 40-42 avenue Foch, 29 July 2022.

Bilingual Content

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICEAPPLICATIONINSTITUTING PROCEEDINGSfiled in the Registry of the Court
on 29 September 2022
REQUEST RELATING TO THE RETURN
OF PROPERTY CONFISCATED
IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
(EQUATORIAL GUINEA v. FRANCE)
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICEREQUÊTEINTRODUCTIVE D’INSTANCEenregistrée au Greffe de la Cour
le 29 septembre 2022
DEMANDE CONCERNANT LA RESTITUTION
DE BIENS CONFISQUÉS DANS LE CADRE
DE PROCÉDURES PÉNALES
(GUINÉE ÉQUATORIALE c. FRANCE)
2
2022
Rôle général
no 184
REQUÊTE INTRODUCTIVE D’INSTANCE
A Monsieur le Greffier de la Cour internationale de Justice, le soussigné , dûment autorisé par le Gouvernement de la République de Guinée équatoriale, déclare ce qui suit :
Conformément au paragraphe 1 de l’article 36 et à l’article 40 du Statut de la Cour ainsi qu’à l’article 38 de son Règlement, j’ai l’honneur de soumettre à la Cour, au nom de la République de Guinée équatoriale (ci-après la « Guinée équatoriale »), la présente requête introductive d’instance contre la République française (ci-après la « France »).
En application de l’article 41 du Statut, la requête est accompagnée d’une demande tendant à ce que la Cour indique des mesures conservatoires pour protéger les droits invoqués ci-après contre le risque de préjudice imminent et irréparable auquel ils sont exposés.
La Guinée équatoriale a désigné, en qualité d’agent, S. Exc. M. Carmelo Nvono Ncá, ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la République de Guinée équatoriale auprès du Royaume de Belgique, du Royaume des Pays-Bas, du Royaume du
Danemark, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg aux fins de déposer auprès de la Cour internationale de Justice la présente requête portant introduction d’instance contre la France et pour représenter la Guinée équatoriale dans la procédure faisant suite à ladite requête.
Il est demandé que toutes les communications dans cette affaire soient adressées
à l’agent à l’adresse : Place Guy d’Arezzo 6, 1180 Bruxelles, Belgique (courriel :
[email protected]).
I. Objet du différend
1. Le différend qui oppose la Guinée équatoriale à la France porte sur l’interprétation et l’application de la convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption du 31 octobre 2003 (ci-après la « convention »), à laquelle les deux Etats sont parties.
2. La Guinée équatoriale estime que, en ignorant sa demande de restitution de
certains avoirs correspondant à des biens confisqués par décision de justice française comme étant le produit d’un détournement de fonds publics au préjudice de la Guinée équatoriale, la France a violé ses obligations souscrites au titre de la convention, en particulier de son article 57, paragraphe 3, alinéa c).
II. Genèse du différend
2.1. Les procédures conduisant à la confiscation de biens au préjudice
de la Guinée équatoriale
3. Le 15 septembre 2011, la Guinée équatoriale a acquis de M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue la totalité du capital des cinq sociétés de droit suisse suivantes1 :
1 Convention de cession d’actions et de créances entre M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue et la République de Guinée équatoriale, 15 septembre 2011 (annexe 1) ; registre des actionnaires
3
2022
General List
No. 184
APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS
[Translation]
To the Registrar of the International Court of Justice, the undersigned being duly authorized by the Government of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea:
In accordance with Articles 36, paragraph 1, and 40 of the Statute of the Court and Article 38 of its Rules, I have the honour to submit to the Court on behalf of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (hereinafter “Equatorial Guinea”) the present Application insti-
tuting proceedings against the French Republic (hereinafter “France”).
Pursuant to Article 41 of the Statute, the Application includes a request that
the Court indicate provisional measures to protect the rights invoked herein from
imminent and irreparable prejudice.
Equatorial Guinea has appointed H.E. Mr. Carmelo Nvono Ncá, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea to the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Denmark
and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, as Agent for the purpose of filing the present Application instituting proceedings against France with the International Court of Justice and to represent Equatorial Guinea in the further proceedings.
It is requested that all communications in this case be transmitted to the Agent at the following address: Place Guy d’Arezzo 6, 1180 Brussels, Belgium (email:
[email protected]).
I. Subject-Matter of the Dispute
1. The dispute between Equatorial Guinea and France concerns the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 31 October 2003 (hereinafter the “Convention”), to which both States are parties.
2. Equatorial Guinea considers that, by disregarding its request for the return of certain assets corresponding to property confiscated by decision of the French courts as the proceeds of misappropriation of public funds committed against Equatorial Guinea, France has violated its obligations under the Convention, in particular Article 57, paragraph 3 (c), thereof.
II. Genesis of the Dispute
2.1. The Proceedings Leading to the Confiscation of Property
to the Detriment of Equatorial Guinea
3. On 15 September 2011, Equatorial Guinea acquired from Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue the entire share capital of the following five Swiss companies1:
1 Agreement on the transfer of shares and claims between Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, 15 September 2011 (Ann. 1); Register of
4

Ganesha Holding, enregistrée à Fribourg en Suisse sous le numéro d’identification (IDE) CHE-101.452.4632,

Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, enregistrée à Fribourg en Suisse sous le numéro d’identification (IDE) CHE-102.438.0173,

RE Entreprise, enregistrée à Fribourg en Suisse sous le numéro d’identification (IDE) CHE-100.878.5814,

GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, enregistrée à Fribourg en Suisse sous le numéro d’identification (IDE) CHE-100.101.6015, et

Raya Holdings, enregistrée à Fribourg en Suisse sous le numéro d’identification (IDE) CHE-102.162.2176, qui détient la totalité du capital de deux sociétés de droit français7 :

Société de l’Avenue du Bois, située 14 avenue d’Eylau, 75116 Paris, enregistrée au registre du commerce et des sociétés sous le numéro 552 028 9048, et

Société du 42 Avenue Foch, située 14 avenue d’Eylau, 75116 Paris, enregistrée au registre du commerce et des sociétés sous le numéro 552 028 9129.
4. Le 17 octobre 2011, la direction générale des impôts de la France a dûment constaté cette cession de droits sociaux10.
5. A la date de la cession, les sociétés Ganesha Holding, Nordi Shipping &
Trading Co, RE Entreprise, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Société de l’Avenue du Bois et Société du 42 Avenue Foch (ci-après les « sociétés ») étaient les copropriétaires d’un immeuble situé 42 avenue Foch, à Paris, en France, désigné FA 60 au cadastre du 16e arrondissement de Paris (ci-après l’« immeuble »). Elles détenaient les lots 501 à 519, 523 à 524, 532 à 541, 546 à 558, 560 à 564, 601 à 605, 634 à 635 et 670 à 672 de la copropriété11. Les sociétés n’avaient pas d’autre activité que la détention et la gestion de l’immeuble.
6. La Guinée équatoriale a pris à sa charge la gestion de l’immeuble, elle a réglé les charges d’entretien et d’amélioration de la copropriété12.
7. A la suite d’une plainte datée du 2 décembre 2008 de l’association Transparency International France visant M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue pour des faits
de Ganesha Holding, de GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, de Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, de Raya Holdings et de RE Entreprise (annexe 2).
2 Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, Ganesha Holding, consulté le 15 septembre 2022 (annexe 3).
3 Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, consulté le 15 septembre 2022 (annexe 4).
4 Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, RE Entreprise, consulté le 15 septembre 2022 (annexe 5).
5 Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, consulté le 15 septembre 2022 (annexe 6).
6 Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, Raya Holdings, consulté le 27 septembre 2022 (annexe 7).
7 Actes de cession des actions de Société de l’Avenue du Bois à Raya Holdings, 2 novembre 1993 (annexe 8) ; actes de cession des actions de Société du 42 Avenue Foch à Raya Holdings, 2 novembre 1993 (annexe 9).
8 Extrait du registre de commerce de Paris, Société de l’Avenue du Bois, consulté le 15 septembre 2022 (annexe 10).
9 Extrait du registre de commerce de Paris, Société du 42 Avenue Foch, consulté le 15 septembre 2022 (annexe 11).
10 Déclaration de cession de droits sociaux reçus par la direction générale des impôts, 17 octobre 2011 (annexe 12).
11 République française, service de la publicité foncière, relevé des formalités publiées du 1er janvier 1965 au 12 mars 2015 (annexe 13).
12 Appels de charges de la copropriété du 42 avenue Foch (annexe 14).
5

Ganesha Holding, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-101.452.4632;

Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-102.438.0173;

RE Entreprise, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-100.878.5814;

GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation SA, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-100.101.6015; and

Raya Holdings, registered in Fribourg, Switzerland, under business identification number (UID) CHE-102.162.2176, which owns the entire share capital of two French companies7:

Société de l’Avenue du Bois, located at 14 avenue d’Eylau, 75116 Paris, registered in the Trade and Companies Register under number 552 028 9048; and

Société du 42 Avenue Foch, located at 14 avenue d’Eylau, 75116 Paris, registered in the Trade and Companies Register under number 552 028 9129.
4. On 17 October 2011, the French tax authorities duly recorded that transfer of shareholder rights10.
5. On the date of the transfer, the companies Ganesha Holding, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, RE Entreprise, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Société de l’Avenue du Bois and Société du 42 Avenue Foch (hereinafter the “companies”) were the co-owners of a building located at 42 avenue Foch in Paris, France, designated FA 60 in the land register of the 16th arrondissement of Paris (hereinafter the “building”). They held lots 501 to 519, 523 to 524, 532 to 541, 546 to 558, 560 to 564, 601 to 605, 634 to 635 and 670 to 672 of the co-owned property11. The companies had no activity other than holding and managing the building.
6. Equatorial Guinea took over the management of the building, paid the mainten-
ance fees and improvement costs of the co-owned property12.
7. Following a complaint dated 2 December 2008 by the association Transparency International France against Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue for acts
shareholders of Ganesha Holding, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, Raya Holdings and RE Enterprise (Ann. 2).
2 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Ganesha Holding, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 3).
3 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 4).
4 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, RE Entreprise, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 5).
5 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 6).
6 Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Raya Holdings, consulted on 27 September 2022 (Ann. 7).
7 Agreement transferring the shares of Société de l’Avenue du Bois to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993 (Ann. 8); Agreement transferring the shares of Société du 42 Avenue Foch to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993 (Ann. 9).
8 Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société de l’Avenue du Bois, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 10).
9 Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société du 42 Avenue Foch, consulted on 15 September 2022 (Ann. 11).
10 Declaration of transfer of shareholder rights received by the tax authorities, 17 October 2011 (Ann. 12).
11 French Republic, Land Registration Department, Record of published formal acts from 1 January 1965 to 12 March 2015 (Ann. 13).
12 Invoices for the co-property fees for 42 avenue Foch (Ann. 14).
6
qualifiés de détournement de fonds publics, de blanchiment, d’abus de biens sociaux et de recel13, le juge chargé de l’instruction près le tribunal de grande instance de
Paris a ordonné la saisie pénale de l’immeuble sur le fondement des articles 706-150 du code de procédure pénale français et 131-21 du code pénal français14. Cette mesure de saisie était conservatoire dans l’attente de la décision au fond quant à sa
confiscation. Le juge chargé de l’instruction a pris cette décision aux motifs que
l’immeuble « a été financé en tout ou partie avec le produit des infractions [poursuivies] »15 et que M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue « est le véritable propriétaire [… et] a la libre disposition » de l’immeuble16.
8. Les 19 juillet 2012, 28 octobre 2013 et 16 avril 2014, le juge chargé de l’instruction a procédé à la saisie de 17 véhicules, du mobilier et des oeuvres d’art sur les mêmes fondements.
9. Le 28 juillet 2021, la Cour de cassation française a confirmé la déclaration de culpabilité de M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue du délit de blanchiment des
produits, de délits de détournement de fonds public, d’abus de biens sociaux et d’abus de confiance17. Elle a aussi confirmé la confiscation de l’immeuble, des biens qui ont fait l’objet d’une saisie pénale, et d’autres biens meubles18. La Cour de cassation a validé l’analyse du tribunal correctionnel et de la cour d’appel de Paris selon lesquels M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue avait détourné du Trésor équato-guinéen et à son profit personnel des fonds publics appartenant à la Guinée équatoriale, ce qui lui avait permis d’acquérir les biens confisqués19.
10. Les juges français ont rappelé que, dans le cadre de délit de blanchiment, de détournement de fonds public, les peines de confiscation doivent avoir une visée réparatrice pour l’Etat spolié qui peut retrouver les fonds dans le cadre des procédures de restitutions prévues par la convention :
« Dans le contexte de blanchiment d’avoirs illicites, la peine patrimoniale ne peut cependant plus être envisagée sous le seul aspect de l’efficacité répressive, qui ne prend pas en compte les intérêts des victimes de la corruption… La
restitution des avoirs est un principe fondamental de la convention des Nation Unies de lutte contre la corruption… La restitution des avoirs y fait l’objet d’un chapitre (article 51). Il s’agit là d’un aspect particulièrement
novateur, la convention étant le premier instrument international à détailler les procédés de nature à permettre le retour au profit des Etats spoliés des fonds
issus de la corruption et transférés par des dirigeants politiques ou des fonctionnaires. »20
13 Cour d’appel de Paris, arrêt du 10 février 2020, p. 23 (annexe 15).
14 Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, ordonnance du 19 juillet 2012 (annexe 16).
15 Ibid., p. 1.
16 Ibid., p. 4.
17 Cour de cassation, chambre criminelle, arrêt du 28 juillet 2021, no 20-81.553 (annexe 17) ; la Cour de cassation a rendu son arrêt sur un pourvoi formé contre un arrêt de la cour d’appel
de Paris, cour d’appel de Paris, arrêt du 10 février 2020 (annexe 15) ; la cour d’appel de Paris a rendu son arrêt sur un appel porté contre un jugement du tribunal correctionnel ; tribunal
de grande instance de Paris, 32e chambre correctionnelle, jugement du 27 octobre 2017
(annexe 18).
18 Ibid. ; les biens confisqués sont listés dans le dispositif de l’arrêt de la cour d’appel de Paris du 10 février 2020 (annexe 15).
19 Cour d’appel de Paris, arrêt du 10 février 2020, p. 56-60 et 64 (annexe 15) ; tribunal
de grande instance de Paris, 32e chambre correctionnelle, jugement du 27 octobre 2017, p. 70-72 et 97-98 (annexe 18).
20 Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, 32e chambre correctionnelle, jugement du 27 octobre 2017, p. 98-99 (annexe 18).
7
characterized as handling misappropriated public funds, money laundering, breach
of trust and concealment13, the investigating judge at the Paris Tribunal de grande instance ordered the attachment of the building on the basis of Article 706-150
of the French Code of Criminal Procedure and Article 131-21 of the French Penal Code14. That attachment measure was provisional, pending the decision on the
merits regarding its confiscation. The investigating judge based this decision on
the grounds that the building “was wholly or partly paid for out of the proceeds
of the . . . offences [under investigation]”15 and that Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang
Mangue “is the actual owner of the building . . . and . . . enjoys free disposal of
it”16.
8. On 19 July 2012, 28 October 2013 and 16 April 2014, the investigating judge proceeded to seize 17 vehicles, furniture and works of art on the same basis.
9. On 28 July 2021, the French Cour de cassation upheld the conviction of Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue for the offence of laundering the proceeds of misappropriation of public funds, misuse of corporate assets and breach of trust17.
It also upheld the confiscation of the building, the property that had been seized
and other moveable property18. The Cour de cassation endorsed the analysis of
the Tribunal correctionnel and the Paris Cour d’appel, which found that Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue had misappropriated from the Treasury of Equatorial Guinea, and for his own personal gain, public funds belonging to Equatorial Guinea, which had enabled him to acquire the confiscated property19.
10. The French courts recalled that, in cases involving the offence of laundering misappropriated public funds, the ultimate aim of confiscation should be restorative for the aggrieved State, which may recover the funds using the procedures provided for in the Convention:
“As regards the laundering of illegal assets, however, a pecuniary penalty
can no longer be contemplated solely in terms of its effectiveness in law enforcement, without taking account of the interests of the victims of corruption . . . The return of assets is a fundamental principle of the United Nations Convention against Corruption . . . The return of assets is the subject of a chapter (Art. 51).
It is groundbreaking in that it is the first international instrument to describe in detail procedures enabling the return of funds obtained through corruption and transferred abroad by political leaders or officials to the States from which they were stolen.”20
13 Paris Cour d’appel, judgment of 10 February 2020, p. 23 (Ann. 15).
14 Paris Tribunal de grande instance, order of 19 July 2012 (Ann. 16).
15 Ibid., p. 1.
16 Ibid., p. 4.
17 Cour de cassation, Chambre criminelle, judgment of 28 July 2021, No. 20-81.553
(Ann. 17); the Cour de cassation rendered its judgment on an appeal lodged against a judgment
of the Paris Cour d’appel of 10 February 2020 (Ann. 15); the Paris Cour d’appel rendered its judgment on an appeal lodged against a judgment of the Tribunal correctionnel; Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017 (Ann. 18).
18 Ibid.; the confiscated property is listed in the operative part of the judgment of the Paris Cour d’appel of 10 February 2020 (Ann. 15).
19 Paris Cour d’appel, judgment of 10 February 2020, pp. 56-60 and 64 (Ann. 15); Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017, pp. 70-72 and 97-98 (Ann. 18).
20 Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017, pp. 98-99 (Ann. 18).
8
2.2. La demande de restitution de la Guinée équatoriale
et son rejet par la France
11. En septembre et octobre 2021, la Guinée équatoriale a requis de la France, en se prévalant de la convention, qu’elle procède à la restitution de certains avoirs correspondant à des biens confisqués par la France sur décision définitive de la justice française21, comme étant le produit d’un crime provenant d’infractions établies conformément à la convention, en l’occurrence un détournement de fonds publics au préjudice de la Guinée équatoriale et en sa qualité de propriétaire effectif et légitime22.
12. La Guinée équatoriale requérait de la France la restitution de certains avoirs en application du chapitre V de la convention, et plus spécifiquement de son article 57, paragraphe 3, alinéa c)23.
13. Devant l’impasse des discussions tenues à Paris entre les responsables des deux pays le 3 décembre 2021, le ministère des affaires étrangères de la Guinée équatoriale adressait à la France, via son ambassade à Malabo, une note verbale no 192/022, en
date du 6 janvier 2022, lui notifiant que, selon la Guinée équatoriale : i) un différend d’ordre juridique était né entre les deux Etats à propos de l’interprétation et de l’application de la convention ; ii) la résolution de ce différend dans un délai raisonnable par la voie de négociations s’avérait impossible ; iii) une proposition lui était officiellement faite de procéder à la résolution de ce différend par voie d’arbitrage, conformément à
l’article 66, paragraphe 2, de la convention24.
14. Le 15 juin 2022, confrontée à l’absence de suite donnée à sa proposition de régler le différend par voie d’arbitrage, la Guinée équatoriale adressait au ministère de l’Europe et des affaires étrangères de la France, via son ambassade à Paris, la note
verbale no 320/022 datée du 14 juin 2022, par laquelle le ministère des affaires étrangères et de la coopération de la Guinée équatoriale rappelait la teneur de la note
verbale no 192/022 ainsi que les demandes de restitution faites les 1[4] septembre 2021 et 27 octobre 2021. Elle prenait acte de l’absence de réponse de la France à la fois à sa demande de restitution et à sa proposition de résoudre le différend par voie arbitrale datée du 6 janvier 2022, et renouvelait ladite demande en sollicitant à nouveau de la France d’exprimer sa position à son égard25.
15. Aucune réaction de la France ne sera enregistrée par la Guinée équatoriale, si ce n’est la réception le 29 juillet 2022, via son ambassade, d’une lettre du directeur général de l’agence française de gestion et de recouvrement des avoirs saisis et confisqués (AGRASC) du 29 juillet 2022, annonçant la mise en vente imminente d’un des biens dont la restitution est demandée par la Guinée équatoriale, à savoir l’immeuble sis 40-42 avenue Foch à Paris26. La mise en vente d’un des biens, en l’occurrence un bien immobilier, dont la restitution est réclamée par la Guinée équatoriale, confirme
sans ambiguïté le rejet par la France de la demande de restitution effectuée par la
Guinée équatoriale, qui constitue le différend dont la Cour est saisie par la présente requête.
21 Voir supra.
22 Demande de la Guinée équatoriale effectuée auprès du ministre français de la justice, 14 septembre 2021 (annexe 19).
23 « Mémorandum » explicatif des demandes faites par la Guinée équatoriale les 14 septembre 2021 et 27 octobre 2021, par. 52-54 (annexe 20).
24 Note verbale no 192/022 adressée à la France par le ministère des affaires étrangères de la Guinée équatoriale, 6 janvier 2022 (annexe 21).
25 Note verbale no 320/022 datée du 14 juin 2022 du ministère des affaires étrangères et de la coopération de la Guinée équatoriale transmise au ministère français de l’Europe et des affaires étrangères sous le couvert d’une note verbale (no 130/2022) datée du 15 juin 2022 de l’ambassade de la Guinée équatoriale en France (annexe 22).
26 Courrier de l’agence de gestion et de recouvrement des avoirs saisis et confisqués aux occupants du bien sis 40-42 avenue Foch, 29 juillet 2022 (annexe 23).
9
2.2. Equatorial Guinea’s Request for the Return of
Property and Its Rejection by France
11. In September and October 2021, Equatorial Guinea, relying on the Convention, called on France to return certain assets corresponding to property confiscated by France, by final decision of the French courts21, as the proceeds of a crime derived from offences established in accordance with the Convention, in this instance the misappropriation of public funds committed against Equatorial Guinea and in its capacity as effective and legitimate owner22.
12. Equatorial Guinea requested that France return certain assets pursuant to Chapter V of the Convention and, more specifically, Article 57, paragraph 3 (c), thereof23.
13. Since the talks held in Paris between officials of the two countries on 3 Dec-
ember 2021 had reached an impasse, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Equatorial Guinea sent France, via its Embassy in Malabo, a Note Verbale, No. 192/022 dated 6 January 2022, notifying it that, in Equatorial Guinea’s view, (i) a legal dispute
had arisen between the two States concerning the interpretation or application of
the Convention; (ii) it had not proved possible to settle that dispute through negotiation within a reasonable time; and (iii) an official proposal was being made to France to settle the dispute by way of arbitration, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 2, of the Convention24.
14. On 15 June 2022, having received no response to its proposal to settle the
dispute by way of arbitration, Equatorial Guinea sent the Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, via its Embassy in Paris, a Note Verbale, No. 320/022 dated 14 June 2022, in which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Equatorial Guinea reiterated the substance of Note Verbale No. 192/022 and the requests for
the return of assets made on 1[4] September and 27 October 2021. It took note of the lack of response from France, both to its request for the return of assets and to
its proposal of 6 January 2022 to resolve the dispute by way of arbitration; it also renewed its request, once again asking France to make known its position in that regard25.
15. The only response from France placed on record by Equatorial Guinea has been a letter dated 29 July 2022, received through its Embassy on the same date, from the Director-General of the French Agency for the Management and Recovery of Seized and Confiscated Assets (AGRASC), announcing the imminent offering for sale of an item of property whose return is sought by Equatorial Guinea, namely the building located at 40-42 avenue Foch in Paris26. The offering for sale of an item of property,
in this instance immovable property, whose return is requested by Equatorial
Guinea is clear confirmation of France’s rejection of the request for its return made
by Equatorial Guinea, which constitutes the dispute of which the Court is seised by this Application.
21 See above.
22 Request made by Equatorial Guinea to the French Ministry of Justice, 14 September 2021 (Ann. 19).
23 Explanatory “Memorandum” of the requests made by Equatorial Guinea on 14 September and 27 October 2021, paras. 52-54 (Ann. 20).
24 Note Verbale No. 192/022 sent to France by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Equatorial Guinea, 6 January 2022 (Ann. 21).
25 Note Verbale No. 320/022, dated 14 June 2022, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Equatorial Guinea, transmitted to the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs under cover of a Note Verbale (No. 130/2022), dated 15 June 2022, from the Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in France (Ann. 22).
26 Letter from the Agency for the Management and Recovery of Seized and Confiscated
Assets to the occupants of the property located at 40-42 avenue Foch, 29 July 2022 (Ann. 23).
10
16. A cet égard, la jurisprudence de la Cour établit qu’un différend est caractérisé en présence d’une situation dans laquelle « les points de vue quant à l’exécution ou à la non-exécution de certaines obligations internationales sont nettement opposés »27.
La réclamation d’un Etat doit « se heurte[r] à l’opposition manifeste »28 de l’autre Etat. En l’espèce, il existe manifestement un différend, tel qu’ainsi défini, entre la Guinée équatoriale et la France.
III. Compétence de la Cour et recevabilité de la requête
17. La présente requête est déposée conformément au paragraphe 1 de l’article 36
du Statut de la Cour, lu conjointement avec l’article 66 de la convention. Ratifiée par
la France le 11 juillet 2005, la convention contre la corruption est entrée en vigueur entre les deux Etats après que la Guinée équatoriale y a adhéré le 30 mai 2018.
Aucun des deux Etats ne l’a dénoncée, et aucun n’a émis de réserve pertinente à son égard.
18. L’article 66 de la convention est libellé comme suit :
« 1. Les Etats Parties s’efforcent de régler les différends concernant l’interprétation ou l’application de la présente Convention par voie de négociation.
2. Tout différend entre deux Etats Parties ou plus concernant l’interprétation ou l’application de la présente Convention qui ne peut être réglé par voie de négociation dans un délai raisonnable est, à la demande de l’un de ces Etats Parties, soumis à l’arbitrage. Si, dans un délai de six mois à compter de la date de la demande d’arbitrage, les Etats Parties ne peuvent s’entendre sur l’organisation de l’arbitrage, l’un quelconque d’entre eux peut soumettre le différend à la Cour internationale de Justice en adressant une requête conformément au Statut de la Cour.
3. Chaque Etat Partie peut, au moment de la signature, de la ratification, de l’acceptation ou de l’approbation de la présente Convention ou de l’adhésion à celle-ci, déclarer qu’il ne se considère pas lié par le paragraphe 2 du présent article. Les autres Etats Parties ne sont pas liés par le paragraphe 2 du présent article envers tout Etat Partie ayant émis une telle réserve.
4. Tout Etat Partie qui a émis une réserve en vertu du paragraphe 3 du présent article peut la retirer à tout moment en adressant une notification au Secrétaire général de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. »
19. Le présent différend entre manifestement dans les prévisions de cette dis-
position :

il porte sur la violation par la France de son obligation de restitution d’avoirs à la Guinée équatoriale et sur son obligation de coopérer et d’assister la Guinée équatoriale aux fins de cette restitution, en application de la convention, et, dès lors, il « concern[e] l’interprétation ou l’application » de la convention, conformément à l’article 66, paragraphe 2 ;
27 Interprétation des traités de paix conclus avec la Bulgarie, la Hongrie et la Roumanie, première phase, avis consultatif, C.I.J. Recueil 1950, p. 74 ; Application de la convention
internationale pour la répression du financement du terrorisme et de la convention internationale sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (Ukraine c. Fédération de Russie), mesures conservatoires, ordonnance du 19 avril 2017, C.I.J. Recueil 2017, p. 115, par. 22 ; Application de la convention internationale sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de
discrimination raciale (Qatar c. Emirats arabes unis), mesures conservatoires, ordonnance du
23 juillet 2018, C.I.J. Recueil 2018 (II), p. 414, par. 18.
28 Sud-Ouest africain (Ethiopie c. Afrique du Sud ; Libéria c. Afrique du Sud), exceptions préliminaires, arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 1962, p. 328.
11
16. In this regard, the jurisprudence of the Court establishes that a dispute is
characterized by the existence of a situation in which the “two sides hold clearly
opposite views concerning the question of the performance or non-performance of certain treaty obligations”27. The claim of one State must be “positively opposed”28 by the other State. In this case, a dispute, as thus defined, manifestly exists between Equatorial Guinea and France.
III. Jurisdiction of the Court and Admissibility of the Application
17. This Application is filed in accordance with Article 36, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the Court, read in conjunction with Article 66 of the Convention. Ratified by France on 11 July 2005, the Convention against Corruption entered into force between the two States after Equatorial Guinea acceded to it on 30 May 2018. Neither State has denounced the Convention and neither has made any relevant reservations in its respect.
18. Article 66 of the Convention reads as follows:
“l. States Parties shall endeavour to settle disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention through negotiation.
2. Any dispute between two or more States Parties concerning the inter-
pretation or application of this Convention that cannot be settled through negotiation within a reasonable time shall, at the request of one of those States Parties, be submitted to arbitration. If, six months after the date
of the request for arbitration, those States Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the arbitration, any one of those States Parties may refer
the dispute to the International Court of Justice by request in accordance with the Statute of the Court.
3. Each State Party may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval of or accession to this Convention, declare that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of this article. The other States Parties shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of this article with respect to any State Party that has made such a reservation.
4. Any State Party that has made a reservation in accordance with paragraph 3 of this article may at any time withdraw that reservation by notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.”
19. The present dispute clearly falls within the provisions of Article 66:

It pertains to the violation by France of its obligation to return assets to Equatorial Guinea and of its obligation to co-operate with and assist Equatorial Guinea to
that end, pursuant to the Convention, and therefore “concern[s] the interpretation
or application” of the Convention, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 2.
27 Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania, First Phase, Advi-sory Opinion, I.C.J. Reports 1950, p. 74; Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation), Provisional Measures, Order of 19 April 2017, I.C.J. Reports 2017, p. 115, para. 22; Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Qatar v. United
Arab Emirates), Provisional Measures, Order of 23 July 2018, I.C.J. Reports 2018 (II), p. 414,
para. 18.
28 South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1962, p. 328.
12

la Guinée équatoriale s’est efforcée de le régler par voie de négociation avec la France, conformément à l’article 66, paragraphe 1 ;

les négociations engagées par la Guinée équatoriale conformément à l’article 66, paragraphe 2, n’ont pu aboutir dans un délai raisonnable ;

la proposition faite par la Guinée équatoriale à la France le 6 janvier 2022, conformément à l’article 66, paragraphe 2, de la convention, de soumettre le différend à l’arbitrage n’a reçu aucune réponse à la date de la présente requête, c’est-à-dire plus de six mois après ladite proposition.
20. Ayant épuisé toutes les procédures préalables à la saisine de la Cour, la Guinée équatoriale est en droit de procéder à cette saisine, et la Cour est pleinement compétente pour connaître de sa requête.
IV. Fondements juridiques de la requête
21. Par son comportement, tel qu’il est décrit dans le chapitre II ci-dessus, la
France a manqué à son obligation, prévue à l’article 57 de la convention, d’envisager à titre prioritaire de restituer à la Guinée équatoriale les biens confisqués dont elle a demandé la restitution, et de lui accorder la coopération et l’assistance à cet effet.
22. La Guinée équatoriale rappelle que l’article 1er de la convention dispose que :
« La présente Convention a pour objet :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b) De promouvoir, faciliter et appuyer la coopération internationale et l’assistance technique aux fins de la prévention de la corruption et de la lutte contre celle-ci, y compris le recouvrement d’avoirs ».
23. L’article 46, sur l’entraide judiciaire, de la convention dispose que :
« 1. Les Etats Parties s’accordent mutuellement l’entraide judiciaire le plus large possible lors des enquêtes, poursuites et procédures judiciaires concernant les infractions visées par la présente convention.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. L’entraide judiciaire qui est accordée en application du présent article peut être demandée aux fins suivantes :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
k) Recouvrer les avoirs, conformément aux dispositions du chapitre V de la présente Convention. »
24. L’article 51 de la convention dispose que :
« La restitution d’avoirs en application du présent chapitre est un principe
fondamental de la présente Convention, et les Etats Parties s’accordent mutuellement la coopération et l’assistance la plus étendue à cet égard. »
25. Par ailleurs, dans sa partie pertinente, l’article 57 de la convention dispose que :
« 1. Un Etat Partie ayant confisqué des biens en application de l’article 31 ou 55 de la présente Convention en dispose, y compris en les restituant à leurs propriétaires légitimes antérieurs, en application du paragraphe 3 du présent article et conformément aux dispositions de la présente Convention et à son droit interne.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13

Equatorial Guinea has endeavoured to settle the dispute through negotiation with France, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 1.

The negotiations initiated by Equatorial Guinea pursuant to Article 66, paragraph 2, could not be brought to a successful conclusion within a reasonable time.

The proposal made to France by Equatorial Guinea on 6 January 2022, in accordance with Article 66, paragraph 2, of the Convention, to submit the dispute to arbitration has not met with a response as of the date of this Application, i.e. more than six months after that proposal was made.
20. Having exhausted all procedures prior to the seisin of the Court, Equatorial Guinea is entitled to proceed to that seisin, and the Court is fully competent to entertain its Application.
IV. Legal Bases of the Application
21. By its conduct, as described in Section II above, France has breached its obligation under Article 57 of the Convention to give priority consideration to returning
to Equatorial Guinea confiscated property whose return it has requested, and to extend to Equatorial Guinea the co-operation and assistance required to that end.
22. Equatorial Guinea recalls that Article 1 of the Convention provides that:
“The purposes of this Convention are:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) To promote, facilitate and support international cooperation and technical assistance in the prevention of and fight against corruption, including in asset recovery”.
23. Article 46 of the Convention, on mutual legal assistance, provides that:
“1. States Parties shall afford one another the widest measure of mutual legal assistance in investigations, prosecutions and judicial proceedings in
relation to the offences covered by this Convention.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Mutual legal assistance to be afforded in accordance with this article may be requested for any of the following purposes:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(k) The recovery of assets, in accordance with the provisions of chapter V of this Convention.”
24. Article 51 of the Convention provides that:
“The return of assets pursuant to this chapter is a fundamental principle of this Convention, and States Parties shall afford one another the widest measure of cooperation and assistance in this regard.”
25. Moreover, in its relevant part, Article 57 of the Convention provides that:
“1. Property confiscated by a State Party pursuant to article 31 or 55 of this Convention shall be disposed of, including by return to its prior legitimate owners, pursuant to paragraph 3 of this article, by that State Party in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and its domestic law.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
3. Conformément aux articles 46 et 55 de la présente Convention et aux paragraphes 1 et 2 du présent article, l’Etat Partie requis :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c) Dans tous les autres cas, envisage à titre prioritaire de restituer les biens confisqués à l’Etat Partie requérant, de les restituer à ses propriétaires légitimes antérieurs ou de dédommager les victimes de l’infraction. »29
26. En l’espèce, les biens dont la Guinée équatoriale a demandé la restitution ont été effectivement confisqués par la France conformément à l’article 31 de la convention. Cet article prévoit la confiscation du produit du crime provenant d’infractions établies conformément à la convention ou de biens dont la valeur correspond à celle de ce produit, ce qui correspond à la confiscation à laquelle la France a procédé.
27. L’article 57, paragraphe 1, requérait de la France qu’elle « dispose [de ces biens], y compris en les restituant à leurs propriétaires légitimes antérieurs, en application du paragraphe 3 du présent article et conformément aux dispositions de la présente convention et à son droit interne », tandis que le paragraphe 3, alinéa c) du même article imposait à la France d’envisager à titre prioritaire de restituer les biens confisqués à la Guinée équatoriale, de les restituer à ses propriétaires légitimes antérieurs ou de dédommager les victimes de l’infraction.
28. La Guinée équatoriale fonde la présente requête sur le fait que la France n’a pas envisagé à titre prioritaire de lui restituer les biens confisqués, en violation de son obligation posée à l’article 57 de la convention. La Guinée équatoriale souligne qu’à aucun moment la France n’a fait savoir à la Guinée équatoriale qu’elle avait envisagé à titre prioritaire de lui restituer les biens en cause, ni n’a fait connaître un quelconque motif pour ne pas considérer cette restitution comme prioritaire.
29. En outre, la Guinée équatoriale était le propriétaire effectif et légitime d’un des biens en cause dans la présente affaire, antérieurement à sa confiscation. Il s’agit
du bien immobilier sis 42 avenue Foch, à Paris. La France a également violé son
obligation au titre de la convention en n’envisageant nullement de restituer ce bien immobilier à la Guinée équatoriale, son propriétaire effectif et légitime avant la confiscation qui l’en a exproprié. Au contraire, comme indiqué ci-dessus, la France projette de vendre ce bien aux enchères.
30. Enfin, la Guinée équatoriale est la seule victime de l’infraction, dont il convient de rappeler qu’elle est qualifiée par les juges français de détournement de fonds publics au préjudice de la Guinée équatoriale. Là encore, la France a refusé, en violation de l’obligation posée à l’article 57 de la convention, de dédommager la Guinée équatoriale en lui restituant les biens qu’elle réclame.
V. Conclusions
31. Compte tenu des considérations qui précèdent, la Guinée équatoriale prie respectueusement la Cour de dire et juger
a) que la France a violé, et continue de violer, la convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption du 31 octobre 2003, en ne restituant pas à la Guinée équatoriale
les biens dont elle a demandé la restitution et qui constituent le produit d’un crime de détournement de fonds public à son préjudice, y compris un bien immobilier dont elle était le propriétaire effectif et légitime avant sa confiscation par la France ;
29 Les autres alinéas de l’article 57, paragraphe 3, sont inapplicables au cas d’espèce, lequel correspond donc aux « autres cas ».
15
3. In accordance with articles 46 and 55 of this Convention and paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, the requested State Party shall:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) In all other cases, give priority consideration to returning confiscated property to the requesting State Party, returning such property to its prior legitimate owners or compensating the victims of the crime.”29
26. In this instance, the property whose return Equatorial Guinea has requested has effectively been confiscated by France in accordance with Article 31 of the Convention. That article provides for the confiscation of the proceeds of crime derived from offences established under the Convention or of property the value of which corresponds to that of such proceeds, as in the case of the confiscation carried out by France.
27. Article 57, paragraph 1, requires that France “dispos[e] of [that property], including by return to its prior legitimate owners, pursuant to paragraph 3 of this article [and] in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and its domestic law”, while paragraph 3 (c) of the same article obliges France to give priority consideration to returning the confiscated property to Equatorial Guinea, returning such property to its prior legitimate owners or compensating the victims of the crime.
28. Equatorial Guinea founds this Application on the fact that France has not given priority consideration to returning the confiscated property to Equatorial Guinea, in breach of its obligation under Article 57 of the Convention. Equatorial Guinea emphasizes that at no time has France informed Equatorial Guinea that it has given priority consideration to returning the property at issue to it, or made known any grounds for not considering that return as a priority.
29. Furthermore, Equatorial Guinea was the effective and legitimate owner of an item of property at issue in the present case, prior to its confiscation. The property in question is the building located at 42 avenue Foch in Paris. France has also violated
its obligation under the Convention by failing to give any consideration to returning that immovable property to Equatorial Guinea, its effective and legitimate owner prior to the confiscation which deprived it of that property. On the contrary, as stated above, France is planning to sell that property at auction.
30. Finally, Equatorial Guinea is the sole victim of the crime, which, it should be recalled, is characterized by the French courts as misappropriation of public funds committed against Equatorial Guinea. Again, France has refused, in breach of the obligation set out in Article 57 of the Convention, to compensate Equatorial Guinea by returning to it the property it seeks to recover.
V. Submissions
31. In light of the foregoing considerations, Equatorial Guinea respectfully requests the Court to adjudge and declare:
(a) that France has violated, and continues to violate, the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 31 October 2003, by not returning to Equatorial Guinea property whose return it has requested and which constitutes the proceeds of a crime of misappropriation of public funds committed against it, including immovable property of which it was the effective and legitimate owner before its confiscation by France;
29 The other subparagraphs of Article 57, paragraph 3, are not applicable to the case at hand, which thus falls into the category of “other cases”.
16
b) que la France a violé, et continue de violer, la convention des Nations Unies contre la corruption du 31 octobre 2003, en n’accordant pas à la Guinée équatoriale la coopération et l’assistance nécessaires aux fins de restitution à la Guinée équatoriale des biens dont elle a demandé la restitution et qui constituent le produit
d’un crime de détournement de fonds public à son préjudice, y compris un bien immobilier dont elle était légitime propriétaire avant d’en être expropriée du fait de la confiscation ;
c) que la France a engagé et continue d’engager sa responsabilité du fait de cette violation ;
d) que la France doit, par les moyens de son choix, restituer à la Guinée équatoriale l’ensemble des biens faisant l’objet d’une demande de restitution de la Guinée équatoriale.
32. La Guinée équatoriale se réserve le droit de réviser, compléter ou modifier le cas échéant sa requête ainsi que l’exposé de ses moyens.
33. Conformément à l’article 35, paragraphe 1, du Règlement de la Cour, la Guinée équatoriale déclare son intention d’exercer son droit de désigner un juge ad hoc ainsi que le permet l’article 31 du Statut de la Cour.
34. Outre les conclusions présentées ci-dessus, la Guinée équatoriale prie la Cour d’indiquer, conformément à l’article 41 de son Statut, les mesures conservatoires décrites ci-après*.30
Fait à La Haye, le 29 septembre 2022.
L’agent,
(Signé) M. Carmelo Nvono Ncá.
30* Non reproduites.
17
(b) that France has violated, and continues to violate, the United Nations Convention against Corruption of 31 October 2003, by not extending to Equatorial Guinea the co-operation and assistance required for the purpose of returning to Equatorial Guinea property whose return it has requested and which constitutes the proceeds of a crime of misappropriation of public funds committed against it, including immovable property of which it was the legitimate owner before that property was expropriated as a result of the confiscation;
(c) that France has engaged, and continues to engage, its responsibility as a result of that violation;
(d) that France must, by means of its own choosing, return to Equatorial Guinea all property that Equatorial Guinea has requested to be returned to it.
32. Equatorial Guinea reserves the right to revise, supplement or amend its Application, and the grounds invoked, as necessary.
33. In accordance with Article 35, paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court, Equatorial Guinea declares its intention to avail itself of its right to choose a judge ad hoc as provided for in Article 31 of the Statute of the Court.
34. In addition to the submissions presented above, Equatorial Guinea requests the Court to indicate, in accordance with Article 41 of its Statute, the provisional
measures set out below*.30
The Hague, 29 September 2022.
(Signed) Mr. Carmelo Nvono Ncá,
Agent.
30* Not reproduced.
18
LISTE DES ANNEXES*1
Annexe 1. Convention de cession d’actions et de créances entre M. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue et la République de Guinée équatoriale, 15 septembre 2011.
Annexe 2. Registre des actionnaires de Ganesha Holding, de GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, de Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, de Raya Holdings et de
RE Entreprise.
Annexe 3. Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, Ganesha Holding, consulté le 15 septembre 2022.
Annexe 4. Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, consulté le 15 septembre 2022.
Annexe 5. Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, RE Entreprise, consulté le 15 septembre 2022.
Annexe 6. Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, consulté le 15 septembre 2022.
Annexe 7. Extrait du registre de commerce de Fribourg, Raya Holdings, consulté le 27 septembre 2022.
Annexe 8. Actes de cession des actions de Société de l’Avenue du Bois à Raya Holdings, 2 novembre 1993.
Annexe 9. Actes de cession des actions de Société du 42 Avenue Foch à Raya Holdings, 2 novembre 1993.
Annexe 10. Extrait du registre de commerce de Paris, Société de l’Avenue du Bois, consulté le 15 septembre 2022.
Annexe 11. Extrait du registre de commerce de Paris, Société du 42 Avenue Foch, consulté le 15 septembre 2022.
Annexe 12. Déclaration de cession de droits sociaux reçus par la direction générale des impôts, 17 octobre 2011.
Annexe 13. République française, service de la publicité foncière, relevé des formalités publiées du 1er janvier 1965 au 12 mars 2015.
Annexe 14. Appels de charges de la copropriété du 42 avenue Foch.
Annexe 15. Cour d’appel de Paris, arrêt du 10 février 2020.
Annexe 16. Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, ordonnance du 19 juillet 2012.
Annexe 17. Cour de cassation, chambre criminelle, arrêt du 28 juillet 2021, no 20-81.553.
Annexe 18. Tribunal de grande instance de Paris, 32e chambre correctionnelle, jugement du 27 octobre 2017.
Annexe 19. Demande de la Guinée équatoriale effectuée auprès du ministre français de la justice, 14 septembre 2021.
Annexe 20. « Mémorandum » explicatif des demandes faites par la Guinée équatoriale, 14 septembre 2021 et 27 octobre 2021.
1* Annexes non reproduites en version papier, mais disponibles en version électronique sur le site Internet de la Cour (http://www.icj-cij.org, onglet « affaires »).
19
LIST OF ANNEXES*31
Annex 1. Agreement on the transfer of shares and claims between Mr. Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue and the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, 15 September 2011.
Annex 2. Register of shareholders of Ganesha Holding, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, Nordi Shipping & Trading Co, Raya Holdings and RE Enter-
prise.
Annex 3. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Ganesha Holding,
consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 4. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Nordi Shipping &
Trading Co, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 5. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, RE Entreprise, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 6. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, GEP Gestion Entreprise Participation, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 7. Excerpt from the Fribourg Commercial Register, Raya Holdings, consulted on 27 September 2022.
Annex 8. Agreement transferring the shares of Société de l’Avenue du Bois to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993.
Annex 9. Agreement transferring the shares of Société du 42 Avenue Foch to Raya Holdings, 2 November 1993.
Annex 10. Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société de l’Avenue du Bois, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 11. Excerpt from the Paris Trade and Companies Register, Société du 42 Avenue Foch, consulted on 15 September 2022.
Annex 12. Declaration of transfer of shareholder rights received by the tax authorities, 17 October 2011.
Annex 13. French Republic, Land Registration Department, Record of published
formal acts from 1 January 1965 to 12 March 2015.
Annex 14. Invoices for co-property fees for 42 avenue Foch.
Annex 15. Paris Cour d’appel, judgment of 10 February 2020.
Annex 16. Paris Tribunal de grande instance, order of 19 July 2012.
Annex 17. Cour de cassation, Chambre criminelle, judgment of 28 July 2021, No. 20-81.553.
Annex 18. Paris Tribunal de grande instance, 32nd Chambre correctionnelle, judgment of 27 October 2017.
Annex 19. Request made by Equatorial Guinea to the French Ministry of Justice, 14 September 2021.
Annex 20. Explanatory “memorandum” of the requests made by Equatorial Guinea on 14 September and 27 October 2021.
31* The Annexes are not reproduced in the print version, but are available in electronic version on the Court’s website (http://www.icj-cij.org, under “Cases”).
20
Annexe 21. Note verbale no 192/022 adressée à la France par le ministère des affaires étrangères de la Guinée équatoriale, 6 janvier 2022.
Annexe 22. Note verbale no 320/022 datée du 14 juin 2022 du ministère des affaires étrangères et de la coopération de la Guinée équatoriale transmise au ministère français de l’Europe et des affaires étrangères sous le couvert d’une note verbale (no 130/2022) datée du 15 juin 2022 de l’ambassade de la Guinée équatoriale en France.
Annexe 23. Courrier de l’agence de gestion et de recouvrement des avoirs saisis et confisqués aux occupants du bien sis 40-42 avenue Foch, 29 juillet 2022.
21
Annex 21. Note Verbale No. 192/022 sent to France by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Equatorial Guinea, 6 January 2022.
Annex 22. Note Verbale No. 320/022, dated 14 June 2022, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Co-operation of Equatorial Guinea, transmitted to the French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs under cover of a Note Verbale
(No. 130/2022), dated 15 June 2022, from the Embassy of Equatorial Guinea in France.
Annex 23. Letter from the Agency for the Management and Recovery of Seized and Confiscated Assets to the occupants of the property located at 40-42 avenue Foch, 29 July 2022.
IMPRIMÉ AUX PAYS-BAS – PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS

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