Documentary exhibits submitted by the United States of America (volume 1)

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

CASECONCERMNGQUESTIONS -OFINTERPRETATIONAND
I APPLICATION OF THE 197MONTRE- CONVENTIONARISING
FROMTHE AEW MCIDENTAT LOCK\RBIE
I

1 - (DYAN ARABJAMAIEIRIY A.UNITED STATESOF AMERICA)
.

1

DOCUMENTARY EXHIBITS

Volume1ofII' EXHIBITS TO TEE MEMORIAL OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Exhibit 1. Letter dated 23 December 1991 £rom the Acting
PermanentRepresentative of the United States of
America to the United Nations addressed to the
Secretary-GeneraL (United Nations Document ~/46/83-
S/23317).

Exhibit 2. United Nations Press Release: Security Council
Condemns Destruction of Pan Am Flight 103 (United
Nations Document SC15057; 30 December 1988).

Exhibit 3. United States Code, Title 28, Sections 1861 through
1869.

Exhibit 4. United States Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure,
Rules 6 through 9.

Exhibit 5. Jury Selection Plan for the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia (as amended
through 9 September 1993).

Exhibit 6. U.S. Departmentof Justice Memorandum: Summary of
Criminal Procedure in Federal Criminal Cases in the
United States.

7. United States Code, Title 18, Section 32
{Destructionof aircraftor aircraft facilities) .

United States Code, Title 18, Section 844 (Malicieus
destructionof property used in or affecting
interstate or foreign commerce, causing deaths).

United States Code, Title 18, Section 2332
(Terroristrnurders of United States nationals
outside the United States; this section was codified
as United States Code, Title 18, Section 2331 until
October 29, 1992) .

United States Code, Title 18, Section 371
(Conspiracyto commit criminal offense).

Exhibit 8. Lettes dated 20 December1991 £rom the Permanent
Representativeof the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Narthern Ireland to the United Nations
addressed to the Secretary-General (United Nations
Document ~/46/826-~/23307; 31 December 1991) .Exhibit 9. Letter dated 20 December 1991 £rom the Permanent
Representative of the United States of America to
the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-
General~(UnitedNations Document ~/46/827-S/23308;
31 December 1991).

Exkibit 10. Letter dated 20 December 1991 £rom the Permanent
Representative of France to the United Nations
addressed to the Secretary-General (~/46/825-
S/23306; 31 December 1991).

Exhibit 11. Letter dated 20 December 1991 £rom the Permanent
Representatives of France, the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United
States of America to the United Nations addressed to
the Secretary-Genesal (UnitedNations Document
A/46/$28-S/23309; 31 December 1991).

Exhibit 12. Letter dated 17 November 1991 £rom the Permanent
Representativeof the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations addressedto the Secretary-General
(United Nations Document ~/46/660-S/23226;
20 November 1991).

Exhibit 13. Letter dated 20 November 1991 £rom the Permanent
Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
(United Nations Document A/46/844-S/23416;
13 January 1992).

Letter dated 8 January 1992 £rom the Permanent
Representativeof the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
(UnitedNations Document ~/46/&41-S/23396; 9 January
1992).

Exhibit 15. Letter dated 17 January 1992 £rom the Permanent
Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations addressed to the President of the
Security Council (UnitedNations Document S/23436;
17 January 1992).

Letter dated 18 January 1992 from the Permanent
Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations addressed to the Presidentof the
SecurityCounçil (UnitedNationsDocument S/23441;
18 January 1992) .

Exhibit 17. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts
Against the Safety of International Civil Aviation,
done at Montrealon 23 Septernber 1971.Exhibit 18. Resolution 731, United Mations Security Council,
3033rd meeting, 21 January 1992 (United Nations
Document S/XS/731}.

Exhibit 19. ProvisionalVerbatim Recordof the Three Thousand
and Thirty Third Meeting of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document S/PV,3033; 21 January
1992).

Exhibit 20. Repart by the Secretary-General Pursuantto
Paragraph 4 of Security Council Resolution 731
(United Nations Document S/23574; 11 February 1992).

Exhibit 21. Further Report by the Secretary-GeneralPursuant to
Paragraph 4 of Security Council Resolution 731
(UnitedNations Document S/23672; 3 March 1992).

Exhibit 22. ProvisionalVerbatim Record of the Three Thousand
and Sixty-ThirdMeeting of the Security Council
(United Nations Document S/PV.3063; 31 March 1992).

Exhibit 23. Resolution 748, United Nations Security Council,
3063rd meeting, 31 March 1992, (UnitedNations
Document S/RES/748).

Exhibit 24. Note by the President of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document S/24424; 12 August 1992).

Exhibit 25. Note by the President of the Security Council
(United Nations Document S/24925; 9 December 1992).

Exhibit 26. Note by the President of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document S/25554; 8 April 1993).

Exhibit 27. Note by the President of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document S/26303; 13 August 1993).

Exhibit 28. Letter dated 13 August 1993 from the representatives
of France, the United Kingdom of Great Britaln and
Northern Ireland and the United States of America to
the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-
General (United Nations Document ~/48/314-S/26304;
13 August 1993).

Exhibit 29, Letter dated 22 September 1993 from the Permanent
Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
(UnitedNations Documentd toS/26500;ec28tSeptemberal

1993).Exhibit 30 United States cable dated 22 September 1993 from
Washington, D.C. to United States Mission to the
United Nations, New York.

Exhibit 31. Letter dated 1 October 1993 £rom the Permanent
Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
(United Nations Document SJ26523; 1 October 1993).

Exhibit 32. Resolution 883, United Nations Security Council
3312th meeting, 11 November 1993, (United Nations
Document s/~ES/883) .

Exhibit 33, Provisional VerbatimRecord of the Three Thousand
Three Hundred and Twelfth Meeting of the Security
Council (UnitedNations Document S/PV.3312;
11 November 1993).

Exhibit 34. 1552ndtmeeting, 9nSeptemberon1970.curity Council,

Exhibit 35. Note by the President of the Security Council,
(United NationsDocument SJ17554; 9 October 1985).

Exhibit 36. Resolution579,United Nations SecurityCouncil,
2637th meeting, 18 December 1985.

Exhibit 37. Resolution 635, United Nations Security Council,
2869th meeting, 14 June 1989.

Exhibit 38. Resolution 687, United Nations Security Council,
2981st meeting, 3 April 1991.

Exhibit 39. Note by the President of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document SJ23500; 31 January 1992).

Exhibit 40. Staternentby the President of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document ~/PRST/1994/40; 29 July
1994) .

Exhibit 41. Deckaration on Principles of International Law
Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation Among
States in Accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations, Resolution 2625 (XXV), United Nations
GeneralAssembly, 1883rd Plenary Meeting, 24 October
1970.

Exhibit 42. Aerial Hijacking or Interference with Civil Air
Travel,Resolution 2645 IXXV), United Nations
General Assembly, 1914th Plenary Meeting,
25 November 1970.Exhibit 43. Measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,
Resolution 49/60, United Nations General Assembly,
84th PlenaryMeeting, 9 December 1994 (United
Nations DocumentA/RES/49/60;17 February 1995).

Exhibit 44. Note by the President of the Security Cauncil
(United Nations Document ~/26861; 10 December 1993).

Exhibit 45, Note by the President of the Security Council
(UnitedNations Document ~/~~~~/1994/18; 12 April
1994).

Exhibit 46. Note by the President of the Security Council..+
(United Nations Document ~/~RST/1994/41; 5 Auguçt
1994).

Exhibit 47. Note by the President of the Security Council
(United Nations Document S/~~~~/1994/76; 30 Novernber
1994).

Exhibit 48. Note by the Presidentof the Security Council
(United Nations Document ~/PRST/l995/14;30 March
1995) .

Exhibit 49. Letter dated 28 July 1994 from the Secretary-General
addressed to the President of the SecurityCouncil
(United Nations Document ~/1994/900; 29 July 1994).

Exhibit 50. Letter dated 9 December 1993 £rom the Chargé
D'Affaires A.I. of the PermanentMission of the
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations
addressed to the Secretary-General (UnitedNations
Document S/26859; 10 December 1993).

Exhibit 51. Letter dated 30 March 1995 from the Permanent
Representatives of France, the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United
States a£ America to the United Nations addressed to
the Secretary-General. (UnitedNations Document
A/50/128-S/1995/247; 30 March 1995) .

Exhibit 52. Review of the RoPe of the International Court of
Justice, Report of the Sixth Cornittee (United
Nations Document AJ8238; 11 December 1970).

Exhibit 53. Review of the Role of the International Court of
Nations, Document oA/8568;Si10h Decemberte1971).tedExhibit 54. M. Lachs, "The Revised Procedureof the
InternationalCourt of Justice"in Essays on the
Developmentof The InternationalLegal Order,
pp. 21, 31 (1980).

Exhibit 55. E. Jiménez de Arechaga, 'The Amendments to the Rules
of Procedure of the International Court of
Justice," 67 American Journal of International Law,
pp. 1, 11, and 13 (1973).

Exbibit 56. G. Guyomar, Commentaire du Réglernent de la Cour
Internationale de Justice:Interprétation et
Pratique, p. 371 (1972) .

Exhibit 57. Resolution 827, United Nations Security Cauncil,
3217th meeting, 25 May 1993 (United Nations Document
s/REs/827) .

Exhibit 58. Resolution 955, United Nations Security Council,
3453rd meeting, 8 November 1994 (United Nations
Document s/~ES/955).

Exhibit 59. of France,tethe United 1Kingdom of GreatpreBritainveand
Northern Ireland and the United States of America to
the United Nations addressed tu the Secretary-
General (UnitedNations Document A/49/299-
~/1994/938; 8 August 1994).

Exhibit 60. S. Rosenne,The Law and Practice of the
~nternational Court, p. 70 (1985).

Exhibit 61, T, Elsen, Litispendence Between the International
Court of Justice and the Security Council, p. 59
(1986) Exhibit 1

Representative of the United States £romofhAmerica'to themanUnited
Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
(United NationsDocument ~/46/831-~/23317; 23 December 1991) UNITED A S
NATIONS

I

GeneralAssembly ÇecurityCouncil Pistr.

GENEAAL
l
A/46/831
S/233i7
23 December 1991

ORIGINAL: ENCLISH

GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL
Porty-sixth session Forty-sixthyear
Agenda item 125
MEASURES TQ PREVENT INTERNATIONAL

TERRORISM WHICH ENDANGERSOR TAKEç
INNOCENT HUMAN LIVES OR JEOPARDIZES
FUHDAMLtfTAL FflEEDOMSMD STEfDY OF
THE UHDERLYING CAUSES OP THOSE FO-
OF TEBROBIÇM w-.ACTS OF VIOCENCE
WHICH LIE IN MfSERY, FRUSTRATION,
GRIEVANCE AFTDDFSPAIR AHQWHICH

CAUSE ÇOME PEOPLE TO SACRIFICE
LIVES, INCLUDIHG THEIR QWN, IN AN
ATTEMPT TO EFFECT RADICAL CHANCES

Letter dated 23 December 1991 from the Aetins Permanent
Re~resentative of the United States of America to the

United Nations aàdressed to the ~ecretarv-General

1 have the honour to enclose a copy of the indicment handed dom by the
United States District Court for the District of Columbia on 14 November in
conneetion with the bombing of Pan Am fliqht 103 (see annex).

I wciuldbe:grateful if you vould have this Letter and its enclosure
circulated as an officia1 document of the General AssembYy, undes agenda
item 115, and of the Security Çouncil.

(Siuned) Alexander P.WATSON
betinq Permanent RepresentativeA/46/831
Ç/23317
English

Page 2

IJHITED STATES DISTRICT COURTFOR THE DISTRICT OF COLWIA

HoLdinq a Crimiaal Term

IJNITED STATES OF AKERLCA Cflminal Ho.

V. Grand Jury Original

Violations: 18 U.S.C. SS 371,
ABDEL BASSET ALI AL-MEGSAHI,
A/n/A ABDELBASETALI MOKMLD, % 32, 34, 844(i), 2331, and 3
A/K/A ABDELBASET ALI MOWD AL KEGRAHZ,: (Conçpiracy to Destroy a Civil
A/K/A "MR. BASET" t Aircrsft of the United States, to
A/K/A AHMEP KHALIFAkBDUSAMAD: Destroy a VehicleUsed in Foreign
Cornerceby Means of an Explosive,
to Ki11 Hationalsof the United
LAMEN KHkLIFAFHIMAH,
A/K/A AL MIN WlFA FHI-, States Destroying a Civil
A/K/A "m. LAMZH" Aireraft: bestroying a Vehicle
Dsed in Foreign Commerceby Means
: of an Explosive:KilliagHationalç
.* of the United States; Afding and
t ~betting)

The Grand Jury charges that:

At all times matarial to this Indictment,except as othervise Indicated:

1. The Socislist People'sLibyan Arab Jmahitiya (hereinàfter referred
to as "Libya") was a nation located on the Meditesrmean Coast of NorthAfrica.

2. The Jamahiriya Security Osganizatian (hereinafter referred to as
"JsO") was the Libyaa intelligence service through whichSibya eooducted sets
of terrorism againstother nations and repressedthe activities of Cibyan

dissidents abroad.

3. The JSO uas divided intovarious administrations and sections,
includiagthe Technical Administration,

The TechnicalAdministration's responsibilitres included assisking
4.
other administrationw sithin the JSO in àevelopingtechnical equipmentand to
provide technical support to JSO operationsin Libya and abroad. A/46/831
SJ233i7
EnglIsh
Page 3

5. 1a 1984-1985, Said Rashid Kisha (hereinaf-5er refsrred to as
Said ~ashid) was the Assistant Manager of the Technical Administration of the

JSO, and in 1985 repuested Edwin Bollier of the Swiss fimi of
Meistes et Bolliet to developtimers for the Libyans.

6. From 1985, to on or about 1 Jonuary 1987, Ssid Rashid wai the
Director of the OperationsAdministrationof the JSO.

7. Tb8 Opstations Abninistratioo nf the JSO waa further divided iato

varioussections includingthe kirline SecuritySection.

8. The Airline~ecuritySectionof the JSO was responsible for the
followingfunctions:

(a) Psovidingphpsicalsecvrityfor Libysn Arab Airlines(hereinafter
referred to as "LU**) aircraft and passengsrs on domesticand international

flights; and

(b) Overseeing the covert placement and intelligenceoperations of 3SO
officers as emplayees of Libyankrab kirlines in variouscountries,including
the Republic of Malta.

buring the periodwhile Said Rashid was the Director of the
9.
OperationeAdministrationA ,BDELBASSET ALI U-MEGRAH1 was the Chiefof the
AirlineÇecurity SectJon.

10. fzzel Dia Al ginshiri (hereinafterreferred to as Binshirl)at
variaus timea material to thia Indictment held the followingpositions:
Libyan Minister of Transpottation, Miaister of Justice, Secretary General to
the People" Coinmittee for Justice in Libya,Director, and Assistant to the

Director, of the Central Security Administratio of the JSO.

11. At various times rnsterisl to tùis Indictment, beginniiog in 1985 and
continuinginti) 1986, Rinshirireceived, and cauaed to km receivedon behalf
of the JSO, 20 prototype digitaleleetrie tfnmers, Wodsl MST-13,capable of
fnitiating on erplosjvedevice, wbich &ad beea manufacturecl by the Sriss firm
of Meister et Bollier.

12. Mefster et Bollier,ttd-r Telecomunicotions. a/k/a MES0 AG, was a
Company loeated in Zurich,Çwitaerland, whieh maintainedl a close business
relationship with slemeats of the Libya militarpand JSO as a manufastutsr
and supplier of technical equiprnent.

13. ABX was a Libyan frontCompanywhich sublet office spaee in Zurich,

Switzerland,Crom Meistei et Bollier.

14. Badri Hasan was a citizen of Libya, vho was associatedalong with
ABDEL BASSET in the activities of ABB in Zurich, Svitzerlaad.A/46/831

S/t3317
English
Page 4

15. At varioustimes materialin 1988, thi Libyen JSO issued Ssmtex
explosives coetaining the substances RDX and PETN,electricblaeting caps or
detonators, and MT-13 digital electric timers capable of initiating azr
explosion at a predetemined future time, to JS0 operatives who engagea In

covert terrorist operationsoutside of Lfbya,includiag in the Republic of
Senegal ,

16. Libyan Ar& Aiilines wai the nationalairLineof 'Libya and was
utilized by the JÇO to facilitate itn sctn of terrorisrn and repression.

17. Air Malta, the nationalairline of tke RepUblic of Malta, ras the

handling agent for Gibyan Arab Airlines flighti to and from Luqa Airport,
Molta, end as such utiliaed Air Malta luggage hg8 on luggage deatined for
Libyan Arab Airl!neffights.

18. Air Malta employessboarding passenqers and luqgage for Libyan Arab
kirlin@ flights were assistedby a tepresentative of Libyan Atab Airlines.

19. The Defendant LAMEN IERALIFA FEfMAR, WUiA AL AMINnHALIFA FFiTMAB,
wK/A "HR. LAMIN" ihereinafter refsrred to as "LMEN YEIIMAH"),was a citizen
of Libys, and Prasutklized by the JSO in varioua covas positions, iacludiag at
various times as the ÇtationManager and represeatative for LibyariArab
Airlines at Luqa Ajrport, Malt&.

20. The Defendant WH SftfM&l?had access tc kir Malta luggage tags and

the Air Malta facilities used to board passengersand baggagefor LM flights
from Luqa Airport, Malta.

21. The Defendant -EL BASSET ALI AL-HEGBAHI,
k/K/A ABDELBASET Uf HOHMgD, WK/A ABDELBASET ALf MOBMEDAL KEGWT,
A/K/A "MR. BASET", UAfA -D PI3UtIPh MlDUSAMIS (hereinafter referred to as
"ABDEL BASSETn), Vas a citizen Of Libya aad was utilixed by the JSO in various

positionsJncludAag ai tbs Cbisf of the Mrline Sscurity Section, *rations
Division, and as iuch was imillar with iatsraationsa lirlime aecurity
procedures.

22, ûn 21 Decedmr 1988, between OSSO and 6950 haurr (CET), Libyan Arab
Airlines PlightLH 147 to Tripoli* Libya,on which the Defendsnt UDEC BASSET
vas travelling, was boarding it LuqaAirport, Halta* while Air Malta Fliqht

KM-180 to Frankfurt, G8mIU3J',wrs al80 openfor check-inbetween 0815 and
0915 hours, CET,

23, On 21 December 1988, Air Malts Plight a-180 ftomtuqa Airport,
Malta, arrived at approximately 1250 hours,Centsaï EuropeTime (CET), ot
~rankfurtAirport,Germany.

14. On 21 December 1981, at apprcximately 1500 hours, CET, Pan Am
~light 103+, with eonnscting servfcs to London's Heathrow Airport and Pan Am
Flight 103. depatted Frankfurt, with an item of lugqaqs that had been
transferred fromAir Malta FlightKM-180. Af46/831
SI23317
Engl ish
Page 5

25. On 21 Doesmber 19B0, between apptoxfmat;ely 1740 houri and 1807hours,
GMT, luggage from Pan Am Plight 103A arriving from Praakfurt, Gerrnany, wai
loaded onto Pan hn Flight 103 (United Çtatea aircraftnumber 1739PA) at
London' PHeathrow Airport.

26. Pan AmericanWorldbinaya wan an airline o~ed by s corporatioa
createdundes the laws of a State of the United States and regiitered udsr

Cbapter 20, Title 49 of theUnited States Code, which airlfns flew its
aircraftin commercebetween the UnitedStates and other countrisstand
operated aircraftleased from and omed by a corporation created underthe
laus of the State of New York.

27. Pan bmetieanWorldAirways aircreftbearingnuinber #739~i war a
civil aircraft OP the United States reqistered with the Federal Aviation
A&inistration aa requiredby Titlp 49 U.S.C. App., Section 1401, and

opetakingwithin the spsckalsiteraftjurisdietion of the United States as
defined by Title 49 U.S.C. App., Sec. 1301 (38).

28. On 21 becember 1988, Pan American Wotld Airwaya Fligbt 103 was
operatingin foraiga air commerce between London'sHeathrow Airport in the
United Kingdom, and John P. Kennedy Airport in the United States of Amsrica,

29. On 21 Pecembsr 1988, Psa AmerieaaWorld kitrays Flight 103 carriab
two hundred fifty-aine people (tue hudted forty-three passengori and sisteen
crew membets)who were eitiaoniof the following couritriesi United States of
heriea, United Kingdomof GreatBritain and Morthern Ireland, Swktlerland,
France,Canada, fsrael,Argentins,Sweden,Ireland,Itaiy,Huogasy, South
hfriea, Germ~sy, Spain, Jamaica, Philippines, fndia, Belgium,Trinidad, Japaa
and Bolivia.

30. On 21 Decembsr 1988, at approximately 7.03 p.m.. W, Pan Americam
world AirwaysFlight 103 broke apart in Scottish airspace at an altitudeof
31,000 feet tha result of the detonation of an explosive device in its
forward carg&hold.

31. As the rssult of the explosion, Pan kneric~ Wotid Airvay8
Plight 103 ras destroyed ad fellto eatth, killing al1 two hundred fifty-nine

passengeraand crew, as vell as elevenresidentsof the Scottish tom of
Locke rbie.

32. From on or *ut the summer of 1985 to and includingthe date of the

return of this Indicment* within the nationsof Libya,Switzerland, Malta,
Germany, the UnitedKingdomand elsewhereoutside the United States of
~mexica, the Defendants ABDELBASSET and LAMEH PtllMAB, together with others
unknoam to the Grand Jury, did udlawfully, wiafully and knowingly, conspire,
combine and agreetogether and with othets to coimnit terrorist sets against
the United States of Ameriea and its eitizens. A/46/831

S/23317
English
Page 6

33. It was a part of the conspiracy that the Defendants and
CO-conspiratorswould and did place aad cause ta be plaeed a destructive
device and substance in and upon Pan Anerican World Airways
Flight 103, an
aircraft within the specialairtraft jurisdiction of the United States and a
civil aireraft used, operatecl,and employed in overaeas and foreignair
commerce: in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 32(a)(I)
and 2.

34. It was a furtherpart of the conspiracy that the Defendants and
co-conspirators wouZd and did damage and destroy, by rneaasof an explosive
device, Pan Anierican Wstld Airway~ Flight 103, an aiteraft in the special
aircraft jurisdiction of the United States and a civil aircraft uséd, ,
operated,and employed in overseas and foreignair eomerce; in violation of
Title 18, United States Code, Section 32(a)(l) and 2.

35. It was a iurthet part of the conspiraey that the Defendanta and
co-conspirators would and did damageand destroyby means of an erplosive
device Pan AmerieanWorld Airways Flight 103, a vehicle used in foreign
commerce and iq on activity affectingForeign commerce;in violationof
Title 18, United States Csde, Section 844(i3 and 2.

36. It was a further part of the conspiracythat the Defendantsand
CO-conspiratorswould and &id kill natiùnala of the United States while such
aationals were outside the UnitedStates,the killingsbeing murder as defined
by Sectionflll(slof Title 180 United States Code: in violation of Titla 18,
United States Code, Sections 2333(a) aad 2.

37. ~t was further a part of the conspiracythat the Defendaats and

-.. CO-conspirators would and did concealthe iavolvement of the Libyan JSO in
terruri~t acts against the ihitedStates and its citizens.

W B AND MEANS USED BY THE CONSPfRATOBS TO FVRTHeB
Tgg OBJECTS OP TIIE COLifSPIRFcC"Y

38. mng the means ussdby the Defendants and CO-conspirators to
further the objeets of the conspiracy wese the followiag:

(a) The Defendants and CO-conspirators, as officers aiidoperativesof
the JSO, utilized tbe resources and facilfties of the nation of tibya,

includingthe JSO, to earry out their schem to destroy an Ameticanaircraft
by means of an explosive device and tu kill passengers on board the aircraft.

(b) The Defendantsand CO-conspiratorc sonsttueted a~d caused to be
eonstruetedan fmptdvlsedexplosivedevice consistiagof plastie explosives

contaioing the substances RDX and FETN, and an MST-13prototypedigital
electronic timer, capable of initiating an explosionat a predetermiaed future
tirne, which had been manufaeturedfor and delivered to the tibyan JSO by the
Swiss firm of Meister et Bollierduring the periodof 1985 to 1986 at the
requestof Said Rashid and Hinshiri. A/46/831
Sf23317

English
Page 7

The De£endants and CO-Conspl rators cause& the improvisedexplosive
device to be concealed inside a portable radio cassette player,

(d) The Défendants and CO-conspirators caused the radio cassette playes
to be placeci inside a brom colored Çamsonits Silhouette 4000 range suitcass,

The Defendants and eo-coaspfrators caused that suitcase ta ba packed
(e)
vith clothing, purchased in Malta, to provide the appearance of a normal
travel baga

(f) Rie Defendants and co-conspirators caused the suitcass, with the
armed device çancealed within it, to be placed la the Stream of international
airlins passenqer luggage at Luqa Airport the Republicof Malta.

, (g) The Defendants and CO-consplrators utilizedvarioua falss identities
to enter Malta and other nations vithin whlch the conspiracy was carried out.

The Defendantsand CO-conspirators utklized their knouledge and
(h)
access gained as a result of their emgloyment with tibyan Ar& Airlines to
ciremvent and evade Maltese customs and airline secusity at Luqa Airport and
elserhers;and impraperly obtained and utilized the Air Maltabaggage tags tu
cause the interllne transfer of the suitcase* containing the explosive device,
to other aircraft.

(i) The Defendants aad CO-conspirators caused the nuktçasecontaining
the explosive devfes to be placed inta the baggags cornpartment af Air Malta
Flight KM-180 at Luqa Airport, Malta: cause& the same suitcaseto be
transfersed from Air Malta Plight KM-180 to Pan Meriean World Airvays
Flight 103A in Frankfurt, Germany: caused the same suitcase to be further

transfetred to Pan AmericanWorld Ainays Plight 103 at Heathrow kirport,
London, United Kingdom; caused the detonatioa of the erploslve device during
Pan knericaaHorld Airways Piigbt 103's jouroey to the United States; and
caused the destructjonof Pan meriean World Afouays Plight 103 and the death
of twa hundred seventy persons in the aiscraft and on the grouad,

OVERT ACTS

39, In order to furthar the conspiracyand to achieve its objectives*
the following overt acts, mong others, were comitted in Libya, Switaerland,

Halta, Germaay, the United Kiagdom, and elsevhesi:

(a) In or about the sunmer of 1988, WH FKIKAB stared a guantitp of
plastic explosive in his office at the Libyan Ar& Airlines Station, Luqa
Airport, Malta.

(b) In or about the fa11 of 1988, ABDEL BASSET flew froaTripoli,Libya.
to Luqa Airport,Malta,on Libyan Arab Airlines. (c) 00 or about 7 December 1988, ABDEL BASSET travelledfrom LIbyato
Malta.

On or about 7 December 1988, ABDELBASSET registered at the Holiday
(dl
na, Sliema, Malta, using the name "ABDEL BASBT A, MOBMEDH, a "FLIGHT
DISFACHER" (h) for Libykn Ar& iirlioss,

(e) On or &ut 7 Pecember 1988, in Sliema, Halti, ABDEL BASSET
purchaseditems of clothingfrom Mary'sBouse, a retafl store located
approximately 300 yards from the bots1 inwhich ABDEL BASSET was staying.

On or about 9 Dbcemb8r1988, ABDELBASSETtravelled £romMalta ta
(f)
Zurich, Switaerland.

tg) On or about 15 December 1988, LMEN FHIMLg made the following
entriesin hia diarp: "Abdel Basset is cornimg Irom Zurich with Salvu ana
"take Cg&] ftom Air Halta."

On or about 15 December 1988, MB FAIW made an additional entry
(b)
in the "Hotes" section of bis diaryt "bring the tagt fr0m the Airport
(ABDELBASSBT-ABDUL SALAM)."

(1) On or &ut 15 Deceder 1988, ïAWW FRfW made aa additions1 entrp
in his diary by writiaqletteri "PK"adjacent to the notation8 "ABDELWSm
f8 eoming from Zuricb with Salw. .,.taks from Air Malta."

On or about 17 December 1988, -DEL USET travtliedfrom Zurich,
(3)
Swftzerland, to Luqa Airport,Malte,and then oa to Tripoli, Libya.

(k) On or about 18 Deceder 1988, LAMEN PfIIMEgtravelled fromMalta to
Libya for a meeting with ABDEL BASSET.

(11 On or abut 20 Doceniber1988, ABDELBASSETtravelledfromLibya to
Luqa Airport, Malta, utilieingths falieidentitpof "àBHED KRUIF& AgDuSmu.

(m) Om or about 20 Dacembsr 1988, UWW PHI- travelledfromTripoli,
Libya, to Luqa Airport,Malta, on the sana flight an -EL BhSSET.

(a) On or about 20 üeeembet 1980, the Defradaats aad CO-conspirators
brougbt a large,brownhard-sided Ssrasoaite suitcsse fnto Malta.

ûn os about 20 Dseembet 1988, MIDELBUSET ha& a meeting with
(O)
WH ~I~ in Malta.
1
(p) On or about 20 December 1988, ABDELBASSET registered at the Roliday
Inn, Sliema,Malta, under the false name "AHKEPKHALIFbABDUSAMAD".

on 11 neceniber1988, at appr~.imatsïy7.11 8.m- CET, ABDELBASSET
(q)
plziced a telephorieeall to LAKEN FHIMAEEfrom the HolidayInn, Sliema,Halta. A/46/$31
S/23317
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Page 9

(r) On 21 December 1988, A~DEL BASSET, travellinguader an assumed nams,
depaited Luqa Airport, Malta, on LA& FlightM 147 to Tripoli, Libya.

(a) On 21 December1988, between 0815 and 0915 hours, CET, the
Defendants and co-conspiratoru snknown to the Grand Jury, csused a brown,
hard-sidedSamsonitesuitcas@containingan explosive devica incorporatingan
MÇT-13 timer, pieviously manufactured for the JSO, to bs intraduced as part of

the interliaebaqgage in Air Malta Plight KM-180 to Ptankfurt, Gerrnany.

a (t) Qn 21 December 1988, the Defendants and CO-conspiratorr unknown to
the Grand Jurp, destroyed aircraftN739FA as chasged ia Count Three of thii
Indietment, the allegations of which are hereby re-alleged and incorporated by
reference.

(u) On 21 Deceder 1988, tbe Defendanta and co-conspirators uaknown to
the GrandJury, by means of fire and explosivesdeitroyedaircraftN739PA,and
as a direct result thereof caused the deatb of two huildred seventypersoas as
set forth in Counts hro and Three,the allegations of which are hereby
re-allegedand incorporated by teference.

On 21 Pecembet 1988, khs Defendantsand co-conspitators unknowa to
the Grand Jurp,by means of flre and srplosiveideatroyedaitctaft H739PA, and

as a direct rssult thereof. did murderone bundredaighty-ainenatioaaiiof
the United States, an set tortb fa Counts Five tbrough Ons Hundted
Ninety-Three, the allegstions of which are hereby ra-alleged and incorporated
by referencs.

(Violationof Title 18, United States Code, Section 371)

1, The Grand Jury herebyte-allegeaand incorporates by reference
paragraphrOne.tbrough Thirty-one of Count Oas of thla Indictment.

7. 0a or about 21Decenb8r 1988. at Eeathrow Airpart,London, United

Kingdom, and eliewhere, the DefendantsIrBDBL BUSET and UM?l FBIMAH,tegether
with others unknovn to tbe GrandJurp, wflfuilp and urilawfully caused to ba
placeda.drstruetiv8 devieeand substanceIn and upon aircraft number 3739PA,
a civil aircraft of the United States uied, opetatsd, and emplcyed in overseas
and forai- air commerceby Pan Americaii World Airways as Pan Arn Flight 103,
en route to the Uaitsd States from Heathsow Airport.tondon,United Kingdom,
resulting in the deaths oftJohn Miehael GerasdAhotn USA
Sarah Matgaret Aicher USA
John David Akerstrorn USA
Bonald Ely Alexander Srisa
US&
Thomas Joseph Ammerman
Martin Lewis Apfelbaum USA
Rachel Marie Asrelsly USA
Judith Ellen Atkinson USA
william Garretson Atklason III USA
ElisaùethHichole Avoyae French
Jerry Don Avritt USA
British
Clarehuis Bacciochi
Aatry MichaelBainbridge USA
StuartMurray Barclay Canadian
Jean Mary Bell British
JulianMacBain Benello USA
LawreaceRay Bennett USA
Philip VernonBergstrom USA
USA
Alistair David Berkley
Michsel Stuart Bernstein USA
Steven Busssll Betrell USA
Hoelle Cydia Bestf-Campbell USA
Surinder Mohan Bhatia USA
Kenneth John Bissett USA
Stephea John Boland USA
USA
Paula Marie Bouckley
Glenn John Bouekley British
Nicole Blise Boulanger USA
Srancfs Boyer French
NieholasBright USA
~anE&lSolomonBsowner{Beer) 1irael
Colleea Benes Brunnef USA
British '
Timothy Guy Buman
Michael Watten Buser USA
Warren MaxBus~r USA
Steven mu Butlet USA
WilliamMartin Cadman USA
Bernan Cuis Caffarone Argentinian
Fabiana Caffarons Argentinian
USA
Valeris Canady
GregoryJosephCapasso USA
TimothyMichaelCardwell USA
BerntWilmarCarlsson Swedish
Richard hthony Cawley USA
Frank Ciulla USA

TheodoraEugeaia Cohen USA
JasonMichoel Coker USA
Eric MichaelCokeï US1
Gary LeonsrdColasanti USA W46/831
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Thomas Concannon Irish
Btidget Concannon Irish
Sean Concannon British
Tracy Jane Corner British
scott Marsh Cory USA

WillAa Larry Coursey USA
Patricia Mary Coyle USA
John BinningCwmnock USA
JosephPatrickCurry USA
William Alaa Danisls USA
Gretchen JoyceDater US&
Shannon Davis USA
ftalisn,
Gabriel9Della-Ripa
Joyce ChristinePimauro USA,
Gianfranca Dinatdo Italian
Peter Thomas Stanley Dir Irish
Om Pikshit fndi~
Shanti Dizit USA
USA
David Scott Dornstein
Michael Joseph Doyle USA
Edgar HowardEggleston III USA
Siv Ulls Engstrom Swedish
Tuthan Ergin USA
Charles ThomasFisher IV USA
Thomas Brom Flannfgan British
Kathleen Mary Flannigaa British

Joanne Flanniqan Brftish
ClaytonLee Flick British
John Patrick Flp USA
Arthur Jay Fondilet USA
Robert GerardFortune USA
Staeie DeniseFranklin USA
Canadîan
Paul Matthew Stephen Preeman
Diame hn Boatman-Fuller USA
James Ralph Pullet USA
Ibolya FobertneGabor Hungarian
Amy Seth Gallaghet OSA
Matthew Revin Gaiinon USA
Kenneth RaymondGarczynski USA
Paul IsaacGarrett USA

Kenneth JamesGibson US1
William David Giebler USA
Olive Leonors Gordon British
LindaSusaaGordon-Gorgacs USA
Anne MadeleneGorgacz USA
US&
Lorstta AnneGorgscz
David Jay Gould USA
Andre Nikolaf Guevorgian USA
HicolaJane Hall South AfricanA/46/831
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Page 12

LorraineFrancesHalsch USA
Lpne Carol Hartunian USA
British
Anthoay Lamy Hawkins Britiah
Maurice Petet Henry
Dora HenriettaHenry British
Pamela BlsineHerbert USA
Rodney Peter Hilbert USA
Alfred Hill German
Katherine Augusta Eolli~tet USA
Josephine tisa Hudson British
French
Sophie Ailetta airiam Hudson
Melfna Etiitina Eudson USA
Karen Lee Hunt USA
RogerElwoodEurat USA
ElisabethSophietvell British
llhaledMasir Jsafar nsir
Robert Van Bouten Jeck USA
Rachel Mary Elizabeth Jeffreys British
Brftlsh
Paul AvronJeffreys
KathleenMary Je- VSA
Beth Apn Jobson USA
Mary LincolnJohnson USA
TimothyBaron Johnson USA
Christopher hdrew Jones USA
JuliannePrinces Kelly USA
USA
Jay JosephAingham
Patricinhm Xlein USA
Gregory Kosmowski USA
Elka Etha Auhns Geman
Minas Christopher Kulukuridis British
Mary Lancaster British
Bonald AlbertLariviers USA
Warh lieves tarracoechea Spaniih
USA
Bubert HiIton Leckburg
William Chaae Sleyter US1
Nendy Anne tincoln OSA
Alexander Lowenstein USA
LloydDavid Ludlow USA
Maria Therssis Lurbks Germa0
Williamgdwardnach USA
DouglasEugene Malicote USA
USA
Wendy Gay Hallcote
ElizabethtillianMarsk USA
huis hthony Harengo USA
NoelGeorgeMartin Jamaican
PianaMarieMaslowski USA
WilliamJohn McAllister Br4tish

LilibethTobilaMacilolooy USA Al461831
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Page 13

Daniel Emet McCarthy USA
Robert EugbntiHcColium USA
CharlesDenniaHcKee USA
Bernard Joseph Mctaughlin USA

James BruceMacQuarrie USA
Jane Susan Mlber USA
~ohn Merzill British
Suaanne Marie MEazga USA
Joseph Kenneth Miller USA
Jewel Courtney Mitchell USA
RichardPaul Monetti US1

Jan9 Ann Motgsn USA
Eva Ingehrg Horson USA
Belga Rachael Mosey; British
John Mulroy USA
.SeanKevin Mulrop USA
Ingeid Elisabeth Mulroy Swedish
Mary Ceraidine Murphy British

JeanAitkenMurray British
Karen ElizabethNoonan USA
Daniel EmmettO'Connor USA
Mary Denice0'leill USA
Anae LindsepOtenasek USA
Bryony Elise Olrea British
Gvyneth Yvonne Uargaret Owen British

Robert PZack Oweni US1
Martba Owens USA
Sarah RebeccaOwens USA
Lausa AbigailOwen8 USA
Robert Xtalo Pagoucco USA
Christo8Michael Papadopoufoi . OSA
PeterBapnb Paircs USA

Mlchael Cosimo Pslicatora USA
Sarab Suss~nah Buchanan Wilippm tsA
Prederick Sandford Phillipn USA
James AndrewCampbal1 Pitt USA
David Platt USA
Walter LeonsrdPorter USA
Parnela tynnPossn USA
W3lliam Fugh USA

Crisostom Eitrells Quiguyan Filipino
Rajesh Tsrsir PriskelBamses Indian
SuruchiRattan USA
Apmol Rattan USA
GarimaRattan USA
hita Lynn Reevra USA

Mark Alan Rein USA
Jocelyn Reina USA~/46/831
~/22317
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Page 14

Pian% Marie Rsncericz USA
Louise Ana Rogers USA
Janos Gabor Bo23er Rungarfan
di na Roller Hungarian
IsuzsannaRoller Hvnqarian
BanneMariaRoot Canadian
USA
Saul Mark Rosea
Andrea Victoria Rosenthal USA
~anielPeterRosenthal USA
Myra JosephineRoyal USA
ArnaudDavidRubin Belgian
Elyse JeanneSataceni USA
Teresa Elizabeth Jane Saunders British
USA
Scott ChristopherSaunders German
Johannes Otto Schoeuble
RobertThomas Schlageter USA
Thomas Britton Schultz USA
SsllyElizabeth Scott British
Amy Elizabeth Shapiro USA
#ridula Shastri f ndiaa
USA
Joan Sheanshaq
frvingStanley Sigal USA
MartinBernard Carruthers Simpson USA
Irja Syhnove SkW USA
Mary Edna Smith USA
Cpthia Joan Smith USA
James Alvin Smith USA
Ingrid Anlta Srnizh British
British
Lynsep knae Sooerville
Busaleen hiter Somervills British
paui soniet~i~le British
John Som~r~ille British
Jobn CharlesStevenson British
GeraLdlne &ni Stevenson Britiih
Hannah LouiseStevenson British
RacbelStevenson British
USA
Charlotte hm Stlnnett
Stacey Leaane Stinnett USA
MichaelGaryStinnett USA
JameaRalph Stow USA
Blia G. Sttatis USA
Aathony Sel- Swan Trinidadian
British
FloraMacDonald HsrgaretSwire
Marc Alex Tagsr British
Bidekazu Tanaka Japanese
hdrew AlexanderTeran Bolivian
Jonathan Ryan Thomas US&
LawandaThomas US1 A/46/831
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Page 15

Arva bnthony Thomas USA
Mark LawrenceTobia USA
David William Trimmer-Smith USA

Alexia KathryaTsairis USA
Barry Joseph Valentino USA
nomas Ploro Van-Tieahoven Argentinian
Asaad Eidl Yejdany USA
Milutin Velimisovicb USA
HicholasAndreas Vrenios USA

Peter Vulcu USA
Rapnd Ronald Wagner USA
Janlna Joaef a Waido USA
Thomas Edwin Walker USA
Kesha Weedon USA
USA
JeromeLee Weston
Jonathan White USA
Stephaaie Leigh Williams USA
BrittanyLeigh Williams USb
George WatersonWilkiama USA
Boaaie teigh Williams USA
Erie JonWilliams USA

Miriam Luby Wolfe USA
ChelseaMarie Woods USA
Joe Nathan Woods USA
Joe Nathan Woods, Jr. USA
Dedera Lynn Woods WÇA
British
hdrew Christopher Gillies-Wright
Mark James Zwyaenburg USA

(Violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 32ta)(t), 34 and 2)

COm THREE

1. The Grand Jury herebyte-slfeges and incorporates by referencs
paragraphs One through"Phirty-one of Count One of ais fndictment. .

2. On os about 21 Deeember 1988. at an altitudeof 31,000 feet,
approximately in the vicfnity of the town of Ëockerbie, Scotland, and withfn

the special aireraft jurisdictioa of the United States, as defined by
Title 49, UnitedStatesCode Appendix,Section 1301I38)* the Defendants
ABDEL BASSETand WN FHfMAB. together with others vnknowa to the Grand Jury,
di& wilfully and unlawfullydamage and destroy,by means of aa explosive
device,aircraft nwnber N739PA, a civil aircraft of the United States used,

operated,and employedin overseasand foreignair commerceby Pan American
Uorld Airways as Pan Am Flight103. en routeto the United States from
Heathrow Airpirt, London, UnitedKingdom;resulting in the deaths of two
hundred seventy victims as specifledin Count Two of this Indictment.

I~iolationof Title lBi United States Code, Sections 32(a)(l), 34 and 2)b46/831
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Page 16
...-

corn FOUR

1. The GrandJury hereby re-alleges and incorporates by reference
paragrsphs One throvgh Thirty-one of Counf One of this Zndictment,

2. On 21 December1988, st an altitude of 31,000 feet, approximataly In
Scotland, the Defendants-DEL BASSET
the vicinity of the tom of Locketbie,
and LAMEHFHIMAR, togethsr with others unknoun to the GrandJury, did
maliciously damage and destroyby rnesns of an explosive, sircraft number
N739P1,employsd as Pan Am Flight 103, a vehicle used in Lorelgii commerce, and
in an activityaffeetingforeign commerce, which was en routa to the United
States from Heathrow Airport, London,UnitedKingdom.

3. Oa 21 Deceinber1988, as s direct and prorimate result of the damage

and dentruetion of aircraft1739P1, above and within the town of Lockerbie,
Scotlsnd, and the surroundlagarea, the Dsfend~ti UDEL BASSET and
LWEN FEIIMA~, togetâer with othera unknown to the GrandJury, did maliciouslp
causethe deatha of tbe two hundred aeventypersons identifiedin Couat Two of
this Irrdiclnen,

(Violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 844(i) and 2)

1. The GrandJury herebyte-allegesand incorporates by referencs
parsgraphsOne through Thirly-oneof Count One of this fndiciment.

2. At al1 rimes materialto the fndictmeat the passonsidentifiedas
victime in Counts Pive through One HundtedHinety-Three were natioaals of the

United States ai that tenn 18 defined br Tltle &, UnitedStatesCode,
Seetion IlOl(a)(22).

3 OP at about 21 Pec&r 1988, outuide the Umitud Stotea, in the tom
of Lockarbie, Ge~tland~ and vicinStr, rithin the UnitedKingdomand slsswhsre,
the Defendasta ABDELBASSET and WH PETW. and omets unkeown to the Grand
JU~, did wfllfully,dmliberatelp, mrlieiously sndwith prernedltation and
malice aforethought Li11 one hundredaighty-aine natlonalsof the United
States rho wers the passengetnand crer of the ai~craft. ~nd whose identities

are rsflected ia the table set forth belowt

PIVE JohnMichselGersrd Ahera
SIX Sarah HsrgarstAicher

SBVEN John DavidUerstrom
BIGn Thomas JosephAmmerman
WINE MartinLewis Apfelbaum
TEH RachelMarisAsrelsky
ELEVEN JudithEllen Atkinron
mLvE WilliamGarretsoaAtkiuson III A/46/831
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victfnl

THLRTEEN Jerry Don Avritt
FOURTEEH Harry MichaelBainbridge
PIFTEEH Julian MacBainBeaello
SIXTEBI LawrenceBay Bennett
SEVENTEEH Philip VernonBerqstrom
E1GIEEEEN Michael StuartBernstein
HINETBH Steven RussellBertell
mm MoelleLydieBarti-Campbell
mm-om SuriaderMohan Bhatia
Kenneth JohnBissett
mm-RJO
TWENTY-TmEE Stephen John Boland
LWErn-FDU6t PauliMarie Bouckley
mm-PIVE licolsElieeBoulanger
mm-SIX NicholarBright
mm-SEVW Collssn Renee Brumer
rnrn-Ef GHT Michael WarrenBuser
mm-NSHE Warren MarBuser
mxam StevenLee Butler
Valerie Canady
TH1RTY-ONE
THZWTY-TWO GregoryJosephCapasso
THIRTY-THREEZ TimothyHichael Cardwell
THIE1TY-FOUR Richardhthony Cawley
TH RTY-P I FrankCiulla
TH1m-SIX TheodoraEugenfa Cohen
THIBTY-ÇEVgI Jason HichaelCoker
THIWTY-EGfrn Eric Hichasl Coker
THlRTY-NI= Gary Leonard Colasanti
PORm Scott Marsh Corp

FORTY-OHE WillisLarryCoursey
POEm-m Fatrich Mary Coylci
FORTY-TBB8E JohnBinning Curwnoek
Som-Pm JosephPatrick Curry
mm-?IVE WilliamAlan Daiiisls
Pom-SIX Gretchea JoyceDater
rom-smm? Shannon Davis
POBTP-gIGxT Joyce ChristineDirnauro
POB'PP-lfIm ShantiDlrit
David Scott Dornsteia
PfPTP
FIm-ûilB Michael JosephDoyle
FI=-TWO Edgar Howard EgglestoeIII
PI=-TBREE Turban Ergim
PIFTY-Fm CharlesThomasFisherIV
FIFTY-SIVE John Patrick Flynn
FIm-Sf X Arthur Jay Fondiler
FIPTY-SAmN RobertGerard Fortune
PLPTY-EIGHT Stacie Peniss Franklin

FIFTY-NI= DianeAnn Boatman-Fuller
sxm James RalpR Fuller~/46/831
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Paqe 18

Amy Beth Gallagher
SI=-ONE Matthau aevinGanaon
srm-mo
SIXTY-THRBE Kenneth RaymondGarezynski
SfXTY-FOUR Paul IsaacGarrett
SXXTY-FIVE Kenneth James Gibson
SI=-SIX Willimu David Giebler
SIXTY-SEVEN Linda Susan Gordon-Gorgacz
STXTY-EIGHT lune MadeleneGorgaca
SIXTY-NIHE Loretta We Gorgaco
David Jap Gould
SEVEHm Andrelikolai Guevorgian
SEVENTY-OHE
smm-TWO Lorraine Sraacea Xalsch
s=HT!t-TERLE Lpe Carol Bartunion
SEVENTX-FOUR PamelaElsine Herbert
SEVENTY-FTVE RodneyPeter Hilbert
SEVENm-SIX Katherine Augusta Hollister
SEVEHTY-SEYEN Melinallristina Budsoa
SEVEHI'Y-EIGBT Karen tee Hunt
Roger elwoad Hurst
SKVEHTY-NINE Khaled Hazir Jaafsr
EIGnTlt
BIG~TO-OHB Robert Van Bouten Jeel
EIGEm-m Kathîesn Mary Je-
EfGHTY-TEIREE Beth knn Johnson
EIGW-FOUB Mary LincolnJohnson
BIGrn-FfVE Timothy Baron Johnson
EIG~ITY-SIX Christepherhdreu Jones
BIG=-SWEH Juiiwe Frances Kelly
EIGHTY-EIGET Jar Joseph Kinghain
Pstricia Un Klein
ErGHTY-%Irn GregoryKosmawaki
HfNETY
HIH&-oHE aonald UMrt Lariviere
IZNBTY-TWO Bohrt )CiltonLsclrburg
NIN%TY-rnEE WilliamChase Leyre*
NIm-tm Wendy Anne tincoln
'Eizm-FIYB Ale=anderMwensteie
HIHBTY-SIX LloydDavid Ludlow
HImTY-lm William Edward Macl
Hfmm-BIGBT DouglaseugeneMaîicots
Wendy Gay Malicate
Im-Hf lfm tlEzabeth Litlisn Marek
OHE HüHDBBD
ONE -RED ONE Louis liothonyHareng0
ONEmRE0 ma DianeHarieMaslowski
ONE HUHPREDTFrRSE Lilibeth TobilaE3aeAlolooy
ONE MRIDRBDFOUR James Bruce MacQuarire
ONE H[RIDREPIVE Daniel Emet McCarthy
ONE HLJHDBESfX Robert Euqene McCollum
CharlesDenais McRee
ONE WRED SEVBN Bernard JosephMeLaughlia
ONE HllHDREEIGm A/46/831
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Page 19

ONE HUNDRED NIHE Jane Susan Melber
ONE HUHDRED TEN SuzanaeMarieMiasga
ONE WRED ELEVEH Joseph Xennetb Miller
OHE mRED TWELVE Jewel Courtney Mitchell
ONE HLTHDRE DHIRTEEH Richard Paul bbnetti
ONE WEDRED FOURTEEN Jane Ann Morgazr
Eva Ingeborg Horson
ONE HWNDREDFIFTEEN
ONE HlTHDREDSIXTEEN John Mulrop
ONE HWDREDSEVENTEEH SeanKevinMulrop
OH3 WRED EIGHTEEN Karen Eliaabetb Noonan
ONE tRRTDBEDHINETEEN Daniel mett O'Connor
ONE HlJlTDRETWENTY Mary benice O'Neill
ONE,RUHDRED TWENTY-On Aane:LindseyOtenasek
ONE HUHDREP mm-TWO Robert Plack Owens

ONE HLINDREDTWENTY-SHREE Martha bens
ONE HUHDREDLWEHTY-FOUR Sarah Rebecca Owens
ONE IfiTNDRETWENTY-PIVE Laura Abigail Owens
ONE HUHOREDTWENTY-SIX Robert ItaloPagnucco
ONE HUNDKED TWEHTY-SEVEN ChristosHichaelPapadopoulos
ONE BUHDREDTWENTY-ELGEIT Petet RaymondPeirce
ONE HUNDREDTWEHTY-NINE MichaelCosimo Percatore

ONE -RED THIRTï SarahSusamah Buchanan-Phi ipps
ODE EIIiHDRETHIRTY-On PrederiekSandfordPhillips
ONE KUNDREDTHIRTY-TWO James Andrew CampbellPitt
ONEHLTHDRE TBIRTY-THREE David Platt
ONE-RED THTRTY-FOWR Walter Leimard Porter
ONE HUNDREDTHIBTY-SIVE PamelaLyna Posen
ONE AlTHDBETHIRTY-SIX WilliamPugh
SutuchiRattsn
ONE-RED TBIRTY-SEVEI
ONE-RED LHIRTY-EIGHT Apmol Rattan
OHE -RED THIRTY-NfHE GarimaRattaa
ONE-RED FOBTY Uita LyuaBeeven
ONE nUNDREIFOnTY-OHE Mark AlsaReio
OHEAUtfOREDFORTY-rn JocelyaReina
ONE-RED FORTY-THBEE Diane MarieBencevics
ONERWDREP FOEITY-FOWR Louise knn Rogers

OHE HUHDREDFORTY-PiVE Çaul Mark Bosen
ONE =RED FORTY-SIX Andrea VictoriaRosenthal
ONE fRnrOREPOITY-SEVEH Daaiel PeterRosenthal
ONE HUHDREDFORTY-LIGnT Myra JosephineRoyal
ONE HfTHOREPORTY-HINE Elyse JeanneSaraceai
ONE HUHIiREP3ëTY Scott CbristopherSauaders
ONE HUHDBEDPIFTY-OHE RobertThomasSehlagetet
Thomas Brf ttoSchulta
ONE HWDRED FLFTY-THO
ONE WRED PïFTY-THREE Amy Elizabeth Shapiiro
ONE-RED FIFTY-FOUR Joan Sheanshang
ONE KUNDREDFIFm-PIVE IrvingStanley Sigal-
ONE HlTElDRFDIFTY-SIX Martin Bernard Carruthers-Simpson5/23317
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Page 20

ONEHlRmREDFIFTY-SEYEN IrjaSyhnove Skabo
ONE HUNDREPPIPTY-EIGHT Mary Edna Smith
ONE -RED PSFTY-HIHE CyathfaJoan Smith
ONE WNDREE) Sr= James Alvin Smith
ONE mRED SI=-OHE CharlotteAna Stinnett
ÇtaceyLeanne Stinne tt
ONE RUNDBEDSLXTY-TWO
ONE =RED SIXTY-THREE Michael Gary Stinnett
ONE KUNDREPSIXTY-POUR James BalphStow
ONE mRED SIXTY-FI- EliaG. Stratis
ONE -RED SI=-SIX Jonathan Ryan Thomas a
OHE -RED SI=-SEVEH tawandaThomas
krvaAnthony Thomas
ONE HUHDREDSIXTY-EWHT
ONE HUHDBEDSIXTY-HIME Mark LawrenceTobin
ONE -RED SEVENTY David William Trimer-Smith
ONE HUNDREPSEVENTY-ONE Alexia KathrynTsoiria
ONE IIUNDREDSEVZNTY-TWO Barry JosephValentino
OHE WHDRED SEVENTY-THREE Asaad EidiYejdany
MilutinVeïimirovich
ONE -RED SEVEHTY-FOUR
ONE HMDRED SEVEHTY-PIVE Hicholas Andreas Vrenios
ONE-RED SEVEHTY-SIX Peter Vuleu
ONE HUHDRED SEVEHTY-SEVEH Raymond BonaldWagner
ONE HUNOBED SEVEHTX-EfGIfi JaninaJosefaMaido
ONE -RED SEVENTY-NZHE Thomas EdwinWalker
Kesha Weedoa
ONE WBED EIGHTY
ONE IILRTDREDIGHTY-OHE Jerome Lee Weston
OHEmRED BIG=-TWO Jonathan White
ONE HUHDREDEIGIITY-THBEE Stephanie Leigh Williams
ONE WBED EIGIITY-FOUR BrittanyLeighWilliams
ONE -RED EIGIZTY-FTVE GeorgeWatetson Williams
BoaaieLeighWilliams
ONE-RED BIG=-SIX
ONE-HUNPRED EIGHTY-SEVe% Eric JOB Williams
ONE -RED BIGnTP-EIGHT MiriamLubyWolfe ,
ONE KUNDRED EIGilRT-HfHB ChelseaMarie Woods
ONE IftïHDREHIAETY Joe lath- Woods
ONEHWDRED WINETY-ONE Joe Nathan Woods;'Jr.
ONE HUNDBEDHZNETY-TWO Pedera Lym Woods

ONE HLïNI)RENINETY-THREE Mark James Zwynenburg

(Violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sections 2331 and 2)

A TRUE BILL:

Foreperson.

(Siqned) G. B. Stephens '
Attorney for the United States in

and for the District of Columbia Exhibit 2

United NationsPress Release: Security Council Condemns
Destruction of Pan Am Flight 103
(UnitedNations Document SC/5057; 30 Deceder 1988)..' --niill*-ila~.l-~i*iriiri-~umiiirrnnrn
- -
.."....*--.-,..,...........~,a~.,.,,,,,,,.,,.,.,,,,.,,....... ......w York
...ll..l.....-b-#.... ..,-- ~......".-.,-,a--,,.W...--"--..-

. . ~il AU States *to Iiiriat la mehensjon

C @da Pr aeeuciori 9 a

The fo2Xwlng itatemsnt was made todiy on behalt of the aembers of tba
. 88eurltC youmeil by CouncllPrerldanH tldeo Ibaaml (Japanl:

TRsambars of the Sacurity Countil ahsra the outrage of the
Srctatary-UaaaraJ expreired Inbi i itateiirent on 29 DeceMer amdstean 1y
. condw the destructio of Pin Uorican fIight103 on 21 Dmcembar,vhid
rliuftrd in #m los# ai bundrsdi of lirai.

Tbey convey thrir dicipint rJapatby ta the fs~illn n4 friends or thor*
who dlad rr 8 rerult of tùis tragedy,

Tbmycal1 onil1Strtai to iaiirt In the rppreheari and proiicutton of
thoia isiponm fblmCor thir crimina alct.

Tbsy eoaridrc tbat unluwfu ictr igainst tbr rafqty of civil itiition
j.optrdios the nafety of parions and propirty, aariauilf Lffict thr oprition
. . .of rit iervice end undamina tbe conf ide~ca of tEi pmopler of tba wrld la
:. .,th.iafmtv of ti.11sviitioa.

-, . Tbay*scoursga Lbr Internitlon Cilil ArJitlon Orgiairitisa (ICA01 to ,
, cont1.w ira afforta to vrmt. civll ivistlon security, ineludi~u gilvermrl .:
- 8cc.qU.c. of .a6 8W~t carpli- d# c~ai~iti~ii mi th. id8~y of h.
''intuoatloaal civil itlrtion. !:
>:
't Exhibit 3

United States Code, Title 28, Sections 1861 through 1869 1995 EDITION

FEDERAL

CIVILJUDICIAL

PROCEDURE and RULES

RulesoCiviPrbcedure
RulesofJudiciPaneon.Multidistt itigation
Rules-Habeas CorpuCases
Rules-MotionAttakingSentence
RulesofEvidence

RulesofAppellateProcedure
Rulesofthe SupremeCourt

Titl28,Judiciary Judiciaprocedure
Appendices:

App.1-ActJune25,1948,c.646,$$2to39
App.II-JudiciPersonnelFinanciDiçclosure
Requirernents[Repealed.
App.III-Development ofMechanismsfurResolvingMinor
Disptes[Codifiedl
App.IV-Bankmptcy ~efinn Actof 1978-Transition Provisions

Titl5,GovemmentOrganizationandEmployees
'App.VI-Finsncial.Disclosure Requirernentsof Feded
Personnel

ConsolidatedIndex

ST* PAUL, MINN*
' WEST PUBLISHING CO. Ch. 121 JURIES; TRIALBY JURY 28 6 1863

CHkPTER121-JUlZIES; TRIAL BY mY 5 1862, Discriminationprohibited .
Sec. No citizenshdl be excludedhm semice as a
1861.Dechation of poEicy. grand or petit juror inthedistrictcourtsof the
1862. Disaimhtion prohiited UnitedStatesor inthe Courtof Internationl e
1863.Planformdom juryselection. onaccountofrace,color,religiosex,nationaorigin,
1864.Dmwing ofnameshm the masterjurwheel,mm- or economi satuS.
1865. QualiFicatforjurysewice.form.
1866'SeIdon andsummoning ofjwy panels. 90-2749,101,82Stat. 54Oct.10, 1980Pub.L3.6417,.
1861. Challengincornphce with sdection pdm. III, 302(~),94 stins.1
lm. Maintenance 'nsrldtioofrecorâs.
1869.Dehitions.
1870.Challenges. This sectiom&es provisionfor speciexemptionof
1811.Fe=. classeofcitizeusdy excuse fm juryservicinthe
1812.Issuesoffactin,upremeCou* intereofthepublichdth,safetyorweIfare.The inclu-
1813. Admiraltyanmaritimecases. sioninthejurykt ofpersonto ekempkdusuallyserves
18ï4. 'Actioonbondsand specialties. odyta wastethetimeof thcourt.
1875. htection of iurors'emiilovment.
1 1876.Tria ly jm"in theCOS ofInhmtiod Me. 81863. Plan for rkndom juryse2ection
1877. Protectiofjmm.
I 1878.0ptional.useoaone-stesummoning andqualifia- (a)Each UnitedStates districcourtshaD devise
.. tion procedure. andplace inh operationa writhn plan forrandom
I 8 1861. Dedaration of policy selection of grandand petit jurorsthat sball be
designedtaachievethe objectivesof sections 1861
It'isthepolicyof the United Sbhs that di liti- and 1862ofthistitle,andthatshd othemke comply
i gantisnFederal courtsentitledtotrialbjury shaU withthe provisionsof thititle.Theplanshd be
have the Tighttograndand petitjuriesselecteat piacedinb operationafterapprovalby a reviewing
mdom kom a faicrosssectionofthecommunity in panelconsisto fnge membersofthejudiclalcoun-
cil othe circuitand eitherthechiefjudge of the
It is'furt the roliey othe UnitedStatesthatall distri whtoseplanis b&g reviewed orsuch other
citizensshallhavetheopportunitytobe considered adive districtjudge thatdistrias thechiefjudge
forseMce on grand and petitjuriesinthe district ofthe district madesignate. Thepanelshallexam-
ine the planta ascedn that it complieswith the
courtsofthe United Statesand shallhave anobli- provisionof thi itle.If therevimingpanelfmds
gationtaserve as jurorswhen summoned forthat thatthe plandoes not comply,thepanelshaUstate
purpose. thepdcuiars inwhichthe planfailsto comply and
(June25,1948c.6-466, SW 951; Sept.9,1957,Pub,L. directthe court topresent within a reasen-
85-315PartV, 5152,71 Stat. 63Mar. 27,1968,ub.L. abletame analternativeplarwnedying thedefector
w4, 5 101,&2StaL 54.) defects. Separateplans may be adoptedfor each --
1

28 $1863 PROCEDURE Part 5

divisionor combinatiof dividonsTnlitnijudicial directo rayherthanhm voterhts. Theplans
&Mct The districourtmaymodifya planat any forthedistri ofPsuertoRicoandtheCanalZone
thneandit shaimodifytheph whensodirectedby may prescribesome other sourceor source sf
lyeno@iethepanel,theAhhistsativesOfficeof the mes ofprospectivjmm in lieuof voterlists,
United StatesCourts,andthe Wmey GeneraIof theuse ofwhîhishd beconsistentwiththepoli-
the UnitedStatesof the initialadoptandfuture cies declaredandrightssemed byseetions1861
modificationsfthe plan byfihg copietherewith. and1862 ofthistitleThe planforthe district of
Modinmtions oftheplanmadeatthe imbnce ofthe Massachusettmsay reguirthe namesof prospers
distrc icutshallbecorneffectivafteapprovabl y ~e jurorato besdected hm theresidentlist
thepanel. Each districoctr&hal slbmita report pmvided forinchapter2348,Mas&web ~ep-
on thejuryselectio~MX:RSwithinits jurisdictoon erd Lam, or comparable authoriSlratherthan
the AdnilliiskatOfficeotheUnited StateCout-ts hm voterIists.
insuch fm andat suc imes astheJudicialConfer- (3)specifydetaiiedprocedurtosefoliowedby
enceofthe Unite Sdtatemay spedfl. TheJudieial the jurymmmissionor derk insde&g names
confireneeof theUnited Statemay~ from t" ~omthe speeifiedin (2ofthis
tirneado~t ra@ationsgoveniingthePr@ subseetionwe procedureahd be ddgned
vision asd the operationoftheplans formdated enaw therandom seleetionoa faip~oasse&on
under thititIe. of pemons inthe community.in the
Cb) Amongotherthings,suchplan'shall- , districor divisionwhereinthe courtconvenes.
They shallensurethatnamesof personsresiding
(1)eitherestablishajurcommissionor autho- ineachofthecounties,&es, orshilarpolitical
rizethe clerkof thecourt,tomanage thejury subdivisiowithinthe judicialdistricdtivision
selectioProcesS. Ifthe establishas areplacedinamasterjurywheel;andshallensm
wmmission, the distri&CO& shd appoint ON that ea&county, or @itical shdi-
citizentoservweiththe clerkothe CO& as the hion wifin the or mgon subs~tlti~Y
j~comon: Ph& -*matthe proporümailyrepresentedin the master jury
for theDistricof Columbirnayestablisha wheelfor ju&ciddistricdivision,orbina-
commissionconsiseingofthreëcitizens. Theuti- tionof divisioFnsr.thepurposesofdekrmiuing
zen jW' ~~~ion@r shalnetbelong the sme proportionalrepresentationinthemaster jury
politicalpartyasthederkservinwithh. The wheel,eitherthe numberof &al votersat the
derkor thejurycommission,sthe casemaybe, last generalelection each tonnty, parish,or
shallactunder thesupeMsionandeantrolof the gaar fit-& orthenuder ofregis-
aef judge ofth@districourtorsuch0th @dge brid ifregiskationofvom
othedisw courtastheplanmay pmnde. riquiredhughout thedistri&oravision, maybe
jurycommissionershalldurinhlstenurein office, used.
resideinthe judicidisbictorsdivisifor which (4)providefor a mastejurywheel(ora device
he isappointeci. Eath citbee&ducobyfie dis- g~~ inpurpose andfundon) hb wkh the
recep]m-atsatlonnettoexfeed pr &y namesof he rmdod~ selecbd be plmd
for eachday tiecessariemployedin the perfor- The planshd fi a minimum numberofnamesto
manceofhis duliesplusreimbursemenftorkavel, be placediniWy in the master judeel, whlch
subsifctenca,ndotheneeessaryexpensehcurred shallbe at leasone-halof 1 percentum ofthe
by him in theperformanceofsuch duties. The tokdnumberof personson the lis& used as a
JudiciaConferenceof theUnite Sdtatemay es- sourc oenamesforthe diskieordivision;buif
tablishstandar orsallowanceoftravelsubsb thk numberof namesisbeiieved tobecumber-
tence,and othenreceasaryexpenseslnmed by someand unnecessaryheplan mayk a smaller
jury commissioners. numberofnames tobeplacedinthemasterwheel,
'(2) speciwhether the names of prospective but in no eveless than onethousand,he cJiief
ma or such0th
bh or theblhbeofebdfiomvoteniof thpoucaln ~ 0 bvtjudg@ the rnyphdey may order
subdivisiowithinthe districtor divlsioa The additional amestobe placedin themasterjury
plan.shd prescribesomeothersourceor sources whed "om he to time asnecessary.The plan
of nms inaddition voter whm n~~~ 8hd providfor~enoditemp- md refüüngof
fosb #e pofiq ad therights sa-d the jiny nts~ecifiehe3,
by aectlons1861and 1862offi titleThe plan valfor fich ahalnet exeeedfour
fotheDistrictofColumbimayrequirethe names (5)CA eIceptasprovidedin subparagraphPl,
ofprospectivjuron tobe selectedhm the city spec8-ythosegroupa of personaor occupational

CompletAnnotetlonMaterisee TitleU.S.CA
852ch. 121 mms; TRIAL BY JURY 289 1864

classeshosemembers shd, anindividuarlequesL ninetydayshm thedateofapprod, Modiûcatiom
therefor,be excuse from jury service. Such made at theinstanceof the distri cctrt under
groupsor classeshd be excusedonly if the subsectio(a)ofthi ectionshalbleffectivatsu&
districourtfinds,and theplanstate ts,tjury time thereafkrasthe paneldirects,innoeventto
servicby suchclassor@up would enMiundue exceed ninetydays hm thedate of modification.
hardshior extremeinconvenienceathemembm
thereof,anexcuse ofmembm thereof wodd nat (dlSkk, Id, and Federalofficiahavingcusto-
be inconsistentwith.seci1861and1ûô2 of dy, possession,or mntrof voterregishationlists,
title.. Ms of acaialvoters,or otherappmpriakrecords
shallde suchhts andrecordsavailabtothejury
(BI specify thatvolunteersafetpyersonnel, commissionor-derks for inspection,reproduction,
uponindividualequest,shd beexcush ed jury and copyinat alreasonableimesasthecommission
semice. For purposesof.£bisubpmmph, the orclerk may deem necessary and properfor the
tem "volunteerEcafepersonnel"meansindividu- performanceof dutiesunderthitifle.The district
& seming apublicagency (asdefinein ~ection courtsshd havejurisdictiouponapplicatiobythe
1203(o6ftitlI oftheOmnibusChe Conhl and AttorneyGeneraiof the UnitedStatestommpel
SafeStreetsAct af 1968)in an officid capad@, cornpliance iththis subsectionbyappropripro-
withoutcompensation, s firefightersor memberscess.
ofa rescrasquador ambulancecrew. (Jme 25.1948.e64662 StaL952:Mar.21.1968Pub&,
(6) speeifykathefollowinpersansarebmed 86StaL 117;Nov.2, 197Pub.L.95572,8 Xa)92StaL
from juryserviceonthe groundthat they are Mm, Nov.19, 198Pub.L.1ûû-70%TitleVII§,802(b),
exempt: (A) members Inactive sefice inthe (cl102Stat.4657,465Oct29,1992Pub.L102472,Title
hed Forcesof theUnitedStates;(BImenibers IV,O 401,106StaL4511.)
ofthefie or~0li~i2epartmentsofany State,the
Districtofofd dia,aiy territory or possessionof
the UnitidStatesor any subdivisioofa State, 8 1864. ~rawing of narneshm the masterjury
the Districtof Columbia,orsu&tory orpos- wheel; completionofjurorqualifica-
sessionCC)publicofficeintheexecutjve,eglsla- tionfom
tiveorjudiclalbranchesotheGovernmeno tfthe (a)FMm thnetotime asdirectedbythe disixkt
United States,or ofany State,the District of courtthederkor a distrijudge&dlpubliclydraw
Columbia ,ay knitaryorpossessionofthUnited atmdom from themaster jurywheelthe namesof
Statesorany subdivisionoaStatethe Distsiof !asmany personsas mayberequired forjuryservice.
Columbiao,rsuch tenitororpossessiont,vhoare Theclerkorjury commissionmay,upon orderofthe
actively engageainthe performance ofoffuial court,prepare an alphabeticallist the names
duties. drawnhm the masterjurywtieel, Any Iistso
(Iffixthe tunwhen thenames dram from the
qunlitiejurywheel shallbe disclosedtoparties
,andto thepublic.Iftheplanpermitsthesnames
tobe made publicit mayneverthelespermitthe
shiefjudge ofthe districcourt or suchotlier
districcourt'judgaesthe plan may propideta
keep thesenames confidentiin any me where
theinterests justice sreguire.
(8) specifytheprocedurtobefoUowed bythe
derk or jury commissionin assigning persons
whose nameshavebeendrawn from thequdified
jurywheeltograndandpetitjury panels.
(clThe initiaiplanshalIdevisebyeach district
coura ndtrandtted tothe reviewingpanelspeci-
fiedinsubsection(a)of thiectionwithinonehun-
hd andtwentydays ofthedateofenment of the
JW Sdection and ServlceAct ofl96& The panel
8hd approveor directhernoacation ofeachplan
$0 submittewithinsixtdays thereafter. Eachplan
or modificatiomade at the directionof the panel
shdl becomeeffective afteapprwaI at suchüme
taiereafterathepaneldirectsinnoeventto exceed Part 5.

preparedshallnotbe disclosetaanyperson except
pursuantto the distri courptlanor pursuanth 8 1865, Qualificationsforjuryservice
sedios 1867or 1868ofthi itle.Theclerkorjury (a)The chiefjudge of the districurt, or su&
commissionshaU mailtoevq person whosenameis aber distr ictrjudgeas theplanrnayprovide,on
drawn£rom the masterwhed a jurorqualificationbis initiatorupon recommendaüoo nf the clerkor
form accompanied by inshctions ,tofd out and jurycommission,shalldetaminesoIelyonthe basis
returnthe form,dulysignedandmon, t.othederk of infoxmationprwide dn the juror qualincation
orjury conunissionymailwithin tendays. Ifthe
personisunabletofi lulthe fomi,anothershaido formandothercompetent evidencwhether aperson
it fohim ,ndBM inditate thathehas doneso md is unqualinefor,or exempt,ortobe exmed from
thereasontherefor. Inanycaseinwhi&it appears juryseniice.The derkshd entersuch dekrmina-
that therejsan omission,mbiguityor errorin a tioninthe spacepmvided onthe juroqruaMcaiion
Îorm,the derk orjurycommission shaUreturnthe formand in any alphabeticdIistofnames drawn
formwithinstructionstothe persontomakesuch from the masterjury wheel. Ifa person did not
additio ornsorrectioas rnaybe necessaryandta appearinresponse toa srimmonssuchfactshd be
return thefom to the derk or jurycommission notedonsaid kt,
withinbendays. hy personwhofailstoreturna (b)In makingsuch determinatiothe chiejudge
completedjurorqufication formasinstnicternay ofthedistriccourtorsuchotherdistrictcoujudge
be summoned bythederkor jurycommissionforth- asthe plan rnay'provide,shaldeem any person
withto appearbeforthederkor jurycommissionta
fdlout a jurorquaüficationform. A personsum- quaed taserve on grand andpetitjuriesin the
monedtoappearbecauseoffdure toretm a juror districcourtudesshe-
qualificatifom asinstructedwhopersonaiiyap- (1)isnota citizeoftheUnitedSkiteseighteen
pearsandexecutesa jurorqdcation formbefore yearsoldwhohasresidedfor a periodofoneyear
theclerkorjurycommissionmay,at thediscretionof withinthejudicialdistrict;
the districourt,exceptwhere his@or fdure to
exemiteand mailsuchfom wilhi,be entitihd (21isunableto read,write,andunderstanthe
receiveforsuchappearancthesamefees andtravel EnglishIanguagewitha degreofproficiencsa-
dent b fill outsatisf$ctthejurorquahication
allowancm paidtojurorsunder section1871of this form;
titleAt thethne ofhisappemnce forjury semice, (3)isunableta. ~peakthe English language;
any pmon mayberequiredto fdl outanotherjurer
quaMcaüonformin thepresenceofthejuryeomrnis- (4)is Incapabl,yreasonofmentalorphysid
sionorthe derkorthe court,atwhichtime,insuch i-ty, û~rrnder satisfactojury semice;or
cases asit appearwarranted,the person rnaybe (5)has a chargp eendingagainsthimfor the
questioned, utonlywithregard,tohiresponsesto camion of,orhasbeen coavicteina Stateor
questions mntainedonthe form. Any informakion Federalcourtof recordofa crimepunishableby
thusacquhed bytheclerkorjurycommissi rnaybe
notedon thejurorqualifica ftio nndtrammittecl imprisonmenftormoreüian one yearandhis cid
tothechiefjudgeorsuch districtcourtjudge as the rights havenotbeenrestored.
plan may provide. (June25,1948E 646,62SU 952'Mar.27,1968,Pub.L.
(b}Any personsummoned pursuanttambsection 86ShL 11% Nov.2, 1978Pub.L95-5'3283(a), 92 SEaL
(a)ofthiseetionwhofailstappearas &e&d shaU 2453;Nw, 19, 198Pub.L.1W7OZ,ZïtleVIII,8803(b),
be ordered bythediskiccourtforthwithtoappear 102StaL4658J
and showcausefor lis failurto complywith the
summons. Any personwho failstappearpursuant
tasuch orderor whofail toshowgood cause for
noncornpliance itthe ~umrnonsmay be Einednot
more than $190or lmprisonenot morethan the
days, or both.Any personwho wii~y misrepre-
sen& a matmialfactonajmr qualincatioformfor
thepurposeofavoidingorsecurinserviceasajuror
rnaybe finednot morethan $100orimprisonednot .
more thanthreedays,orboth.

S274,21,101,82Stat.ETNov.19,1988,Pub,L.100-702,
TitleVIII,803(a)102StaL46%)

CompletAnnotatiMaterfalsee Thl28 U.S.CA.
854Ch. 521

(C Ixceptk providedinsectio1865of thitide
8 1866. Selection and summoningof jury pan- orinanyjury selectiplanprovisioadoptedpum-
els anttoparagraph (5)or(6)of section1863(of.aiis
.(a) Thljury commission,rinthe absencethereof titlno personor hs ofperson shallbedtçquali-
theclerk,shd mintain a quatifijury wheeland fied,excluded,excused,or exempthm servicas
shallplaceisuchwheeInarnesof allersons&am jurors:Provzde That anyperson summoned for
Mm ttigiastejurywheelPo are dekrmined tebe jury &ce nay be (1)exmed bythe court,orby
quaüfieasjwm and notexemptorexcuse pursu- theclerkundersupenrisioofthecourtithe courts
aattothedistricourtplan. Fmm timetothe, the jurysdectionplanso auttiarke,pona showingof
jury commissionor the derkshallpublicldraw at unduehardshipor deme inconvenience,or such
mdom fiom thequalinejurydeel such numberof periodasthe cour deemsnecessary,atthe conclu-
naqesofpmons asmay berequiredforassignment sionofwhich suchpersoneithershalibesummoned
tagrandand petijurypanels. Thejurycommission againforjuryserviceuadersubsectio(b)and(clof
orthe ciwkshd preparea separatelisof namesof thi sectionorifthe court'juryselectionplanso
personsassignecltoeachgrand andpetjury panel. provides,thenameofsuchpersonshdlbe reinserted
(b) Whenthecouro trdera grandor peütjuryta intothequalifijurywheelforseledon pursuantta
bedrawn,the clerkorjurycommissionor theirddy subsection(aofW. section,or (2)excludeby the
designakddeputiesshallissue sumonses for the courtonthe groundthatsuch'persomay be unable
requireamber of ju1:ors. torenderimpartiaje servicorthathisserviceas
Eachpersondrawnforjury servicemaybeaerved ajurorwoddbeEkelyto dkupt theproceedings,or
personally,r by registered,cded, or htrdass (3)excludeduponperemptory challengeaprovided
mailaddressedtosuchperson athisusualresidence by Iaw,or (4)excludedpursuant tathe procedure
businessaddress. spec5ed by lawupona challengeby any partyfor
goodcauseshown,or (5)exdudedupon determina-
Ifsu& semice is madepersondy, the summons tionby the couthathisservicasa jurorwouldbe
8hallbedeliverebythederkorthe juryco~sion likelytathreatethe secrecof theproceedingsor
ortiieidulydesignateddeputiestathemarshawho otherwisadverselyaffecthe integrityofjudelib-
8haUmake such senice. mations, No personshallbe exdudedunderdause
Ifsuchsenriciamadebymail, thesumrnon mssy (5)ofthisubsectionianlesstjudge,inopen court,
be servedby themarshal orby theclerk,thejury deterniinethat suciswarrantedandthatexclusion
commissionor their dulydesignatecldeputies,who of the personwili notbe inconsistwithsections
&ha llakeafndavitof~Mce and shalattachthere- 1861and 1862 oftEi ite. The nuber of persons
toany receipthm the addressefora regishred'ir excludedunderdause (5)ofthisubsectionshall not
certifisummons. exceedoneper centuiofthenumber ofpersonswho
returnexecutedjury qualincatifoms duringthe
periodspecifieintheplan,betweenho consecutive
fillings of the mastjwy wheeI. The nmes of
personsexcludedmder dause (53ofthissubsection,
togetherwithdetded explmationfortheexclusions,
shalbe forwardedimmediateltothejudicialcound
ofthecircuiwhîchshallhavethepowertamake any
appropriatorder,prospectivor rebactive,tore-
dresasnymisapplicatioof dause(5)of thisubsec-
tion,butothemhe exdusionseffectuakdundersuch
clauseSM not besubjectb challengeunderthe
provisionof this e. Anypersonexciuded from a
pdcular jury underclause(Z),(3), o(4)of this
subsectionshallbe eligitaesit on anothjuryif
the basisfor hiinitiexclusiowodd not be rele-
vantto hisab%@ taserv en suchoUierjury..
(dl Whenever a personis disqualified,excused,
exempt,or excludedfromjuryservicethejury com-
missionor clerk&al1note inthespme providedon
his juror qualificatfmn oron the juror'card

CornplateAnnotation Materîïltl28 U.S.C.A,
855 drawn fiom the qualifiedjury wheelthe specinc Cc) Incivicasesbeforethevoirdireexanilnation
reasot nherefor. begins,orplithinsevenays&r theparty discover-
(el Ia any hyear period,no personshdi be ed orcoirldbavedismveredb,y the exerciseodili-
requiredto (1serv or attendcourtforprospective gence t,egroundstherefor, hicheveiaearlier,any
senice asa petit'jwoforatotaofmore tha ahirty party rnaymwe to. staythe proceew on.the
dam,exceptwhennecessa royornphteserviinea groundofsubstantidilailm tocomplywiththepro-
particulacase,or(2)serveonmorethan onegrand visionsofthititiinselectinthe petijury.
jury,.or(3)seireas botha.pand luidpetitjuror. Id) Uponmotio fled undersubsectio(a)(b)or
(c)of thi ection,con- a morn statementof
(f)Wheathere isanvaantacipatedshortageof fa@ *ch; if he, would constikita substantial
avdab1e petit jurors dram frothe qualifijury failmeb complywiththeprovisionoftbi sitle,the
wheel,thecourtmayrequire themarshi tnsummon rnovingpartyshd be entitletupres~ntinsupport
a sufnciennuraberofpetijurorsdected atrandom of euehmotionthetestimonyofthejury commission
fromtheroterregistratiolists,bts ofactl oters, orclerk,if availa blerelevantrecordsandpapers
orother lisb specifiedinthe plan, ia manner notpublicor otherwisavailabluqed by the jury
orderedby thecourtconsistentwith sectio1861 cornmissionerorderk, andany oser relevantevi-
and 1862 oftiititle., dence. Ifthecourtdemes thattherehasbeen a
(g) Anypersonsummoned for juryservicewbo substantiafailuretocomplywiththe provisionsof
failstoappear asdirectedshd be orderedby the thi sitlin selectithe grandjury,thecourtshall
dis~ct courttoappearforthwitandshow causefor staytheprowedings pendingtheselectioofagrand
hisfailurto complywiththesummons. Anyperson jury in conformitywith tbi itleor dismis the
whofa&tashowgaodcausefornoncornplianw ceith indictmentw, hicheverisappropriateIfthe court
,a sunimonsmay be fined not more than$100 or determines#at therh as beena substantidfdure
imprisonednot morethan threedays,orboth. to complywiththepmvlsionsofthi sue inselecting
'(Jun e5,1948c.646,62Stat. 952; May21949,. 139, thepetit jurythe courtshd stay theproceedings
1 96,63Stat. 10Mar.27,1968,ub.L9û-214O 101,2 pendin ghe selectionof a petitjuinccinformity
Stat58; DecIf, 197Pub.L.9164384 Stat.140Nav. Wlistitle.
2,1978P,ub.L95-572§20)),9Stat.2453Jan .25983, Ce) Theprocedurepsresuibedbythi secti .hnall
Pub.L.97463,8 2,96 Stat. 253Nov. 191988,ub.L. be theexclusivmeam bywhicha personaccusedQ£
1W702, TitlVIII,5801,102StaL4657.) a Federalcrime,theAttorneyGeneralofthe United
State sr a partina civicasernay.chdenge any
8 1867. Challengingconpliance with selection juy ontheground that sujurywas notselectedin
procedures conformit'yiththeprovisionofthi sitIe.Nothing
(a)Incriminames, bdore thevoirdireexamina- in this secti oSnM precludeanyperson or ,the
tion'begins,withinsevendaysahr thedefendant UnitedState hs. pmuing anyotherremedy,civil
discovereor coddhavediscovered ,y theexercise or criminawhichmay beavailablfor thevindia-
of diligenthegroundstherefor, hicheveisearli- tionor enforcementfruiylawprohibithg&crinu-
erthe defendantmaymove todismisthe indictment nationonaccounofrace,color,religion,eiex,national
orstaytheproceedingagaimt him onthegroundof origioreconomic statuinfie selectioof pmons
substantialailuretawmply withthe provisionsof for semiceon grandor petitjixries.
thistitiin sdectlnthe grandor petitjury. If)Thecontentaofmords or papersused by the,
jury commissionor clerkinconnectiwith thejury
.(b) Inmiminalcases,eforethevoirdireexamina- ~ielectprocesashallnotbedisclose,xceptpursu-
tionbegins orwithinsevendaysafte tre,Attoniey antb thedistrc icurtplanorasmaybe necessary
GeneraioftheUnitedStatesdiscovereorcodd have in thepreparatioorpreseiitatiof a motionunder
discovered,bythe exerciseofdiligenthegrounds subsectio(a)(b)or(c)ofthisection,untiiaftthe
tberefor,whicheveris earlitheAttorne Cyleneral master.jur y heelhas been emptiedand refilled
nay rnoveta dismissthe indichnentor stay the
proceedingson the groundof substantilailurto
comply withthe provisionsothi sitle in selecihg
thegrand or petijizry.

CornpleteAnnota~aterlalseeTftle 28 U.S.CA

856Ch i21 JURZES; TRm BY JURY 28 8 1869

pursuantto section1&63(b)(4)f thisWe and ail 5 1869. Definitions
person aelechdtaBerneas jm~ beforethe.master For purposeof thischapb
wheel was emptied have completed such service. (a)"clerkand"elerkof the court"shallmean
The partiesin a caseshd be allowedto inspect, taiderkofthe distr cictrofthe UnitedStates,
reproduce,and copysu& recordsor papm at d anyauthorizeddeputyderk,andanyotherperson
reasonabletimes duringthe prepmationandpen- authohd by thecourttowist the clerkinthe
denc yfsucha motion. Anyperson who Moses performanceof fuxictiunderthi chaptw;
the'mlontentfanyrecordorpaperinridationofthis
&section my be finednot more than $1,000or (b)%hkfjudge" shaümemthe chi& judgeof
imprisonednotmorethan one year,or bth.' anydistriccourtoftheUnie States;
(June2Ef,948,c646,62StaL953, SepL2, 195Pub.L. Cc)'%votregistrationlistshalmeanthe offi-
85259,71 StaL583;Mar.27,1968,ub.L.%n4, 8 101, cialrecordsrnaintainby Stateor localelection
82 Stat.59.) officialsofpersoregisteredtvotein sitherthe
most recentState or the most recent Federal
generd dection,or,inthe .caseof a St. or
8 1868. Maintenmm and inspectionof records politicalsubdivisthereofthatdoesnot require
registratias aprerequjsittovotingoWer offi-
Mer themasterjurywheelis emptieand renUed ciallists ofpersons.qualiaevok insuch elec-
pmUBfittasection 1%3(b)(4of thibsitlandafkr tion.The km shaldso indudethe list eligible
dl personsselectedtoserve as jurorsbeforethe voterdntained by anyFeded examiner pmu-
masterwheel wasemptied havecomplekdsuch ser- ant tothe VotingRightsAct of 1965where the
irical1recordand paperscompiledand maintained names onsuch llshavenotbeenindudedon the
by thejury commissionor derk beforethe master officialregistralists 0th officilistmain-
aeel was emptiedshalibepreservedinthemtody tainedby the appropriateState or localofficials.
ofthe clerkforfouyem orforiuch longe'reriod With respect tathe distri octsuam and the
maybe orderedby acourt,andsW be avdable VirginIslands,'boterregistralists"shallmean
forp.ubliinspectionforthe p@se of determining the officialrecordsmaEntaidy bmitorid elec-
thevalidityof the selectianyjury. tion officialpersons registeretovote inthe
(Jüne2.1948,c646,62Stat. 95Mar.27,1968F,ub.L. mostrecent tenitarialgeneralelection;'
WH4, 5101,82Stat.60.1 Cd)"lists ofactualvoteshalmemithe officiai
listospersons actuallvotinin eithethe most
recentStateor themost recentFederd generd
electi;n
Ce)"divisioshallmean: (1)oneormorestatu-
torydivisronsafjudiciddistriceo(2)inintatub-
rydivisionsthat containmorethanoneplaceof
holdingcourtor injudicid districts where there
arenoatatuhry divisions,succounties,arishes,
or sunilarpoliticeubdivisionsurroundingthe
placeswherecourtIsheldasthediS.tricourplan
shaldekrmine: Pmvided, Thateach county,par-
ishorsimilarpoliticalsubdivisidonbe included
insomesuch division;

CompletAnnotation,Matersee Tit28 U.S,CA (fl"dishictcourotftheUnitedStates""districtjuror when summoned, or any othefractor. &&
court", and"court"shalmean any distri,murt
establisheby chapter5ofthitsikie,andanycourt the cour tetemines toconstikztan widue hardi
which iscreatedbyAct ofCongressina tedtary shiporto creat.anextreme inconveniencto
and is investewith anyjurisdicüonofa district juror; and inaddition,in situationswhereit &
courteskibhhedby chapter 5 of thiitle; anticipatxthata W or grand jurypMceedine
mayrequîremorethan thir tyysof seMce, the
Ig)"jur wyheel"shd includeanydeviceorays- courtmayconsider,as a Mer bash fortempo:
km similarinpurposeor.hction, sucas aprop rary excuse,severeemnomichardahiptoanem-
erlyprograrmne edehnic dataprccessingsys- ployerwhich wouid dt from the absenceofa
ter nrdevice; keyemployeeduringthe periodof auch senrice;
(hl "jmr qualineatiofod &hall eanaform ik) Kpublicly m#, as refked tainsections
preswibed by the AdministrativOfficeof the 1864and1866 ofthichapter ,hall eana &ming
UnitedStatesCourtsand approvedby theJudicial whlchis conductedwithinthedistra ifctrreason-
Conferenceof the~hted States,whichshd elicit ablepublicnoticeandwhichisopen h thepublicat
thename, addresssge,race,occupatioeducataon, large underthe supervisionofthe elerkor jury
length of residenwithrnthejudiciadistri dits- .commission,exceptthatwhen a drawiag ismade
tance from residencetoplace of holdingcourt, by means ofeiectronicdataprocessing,"publidy
priorjury service,and citizenshipoa potential draw"shaiimean a drawingwhich is conducteat
jurur and whether he shouldbe excused orex- adatapmcessing;centerlocatedin or outof the
emptedfrom jury senricehas any physid or district,aRerreasonabeublicnoticegivenin the
mentali&ty Unpairinghiscapacitytoserveas distri frtwhichjurornames are being drawn,
juror, iabletoread,writespeak,andunderstand and whichisopen tothepublicatlargeunder auch
theEnglish language,has pendinagainsthimany supervisionof the cleor jurycarnrnissias the
chargfeor the commissionofa State or Federal JudicialConferenceofthe United Statesshall'by
criminaloffensepunishableby imprisonmenftor reg-uiatiorequhe;and
morethan one year,orhas been convictedin any (1) "jury summons"shd mean a summonsis-
Shh or Federaicourtofrecordofa crimepunish- sued by aderkof court,jury commissionortheh
ableby imprisonment formorethan oneyear and duly designateddeputiescontainineithera pre-
has not had hiscivirights reshred. Theform printedor stamped sed of court,and mntaining
shall request,butnorequire,anyother informa- the nameof theissuinderk imprintedinpreprint-
tionnot inconsistentwitbtheprovisiofthi itie ed, type,orfacsimilemanner onthe summonsor
the envelopesbansmittingthesummons.
and requb-edby the districcourt planin the
interestsofthe sound administratioof justice. 88-1398 2,77Sîat.248;Mar.27,19681,ub-L.90-274,
Theform shdlalsoeiicittheswornstatementthat §101,82Stat. 61Juiy 29,1970,ub,L.91358,Title 1,
hisresponsesaretruetothebestofhis knowledge. P172(b),8StaL590;Sept.29,197Aib.L9Z-WI 1 1,86
NoMation shall notbe requii'eTheformshali Stat.740NOV .,1978Pub.L.95-5n$8 am 41,92Stat,
eontainwordsclealyinformingthepersonthatthe 2453,Nov.6,1978Pub.L.95598,TitleII, 5 2,2Stat.
£umishing ofany informatiowith respecttohis 2671;Nov.14,1986 ,ub.L.9M, 1 3, lmStat. 3641;
religion,nationaloriginecoonom itatu isnota Nov.19,1988Pub.L 1.W702,TitieVZTI,0 802(a804,
prerequisittohis qualificatfor jury sefice, 102Stat46574658.)
that suchinformationneednotbefurnishedifthe
personfinds itobjectionablto do so,and that
informationconcerningraceisreqiiiredsolely to
enforcenondiscriminatiinJuryselectioandhm
no bearingon anindividual'qualificatfor jury
service.
(i) "public officshallmean a personwho is
either electeto pubiic officeor whoisdirectly
appointedby a person electedto publicoEce;
(j) "unduehardshipor extremeinconvenience"',
asa basisfor excusefromimmediate jurysentice
undersection18&(c)(1)ofthischapter,shallmean
greatdistance,eithein milesortraveltime,from
the place ofholdingcourt,grave îhess in,the
famiiyor anyotheremergency whichoutweighsin
immecliacyandurgencythe obligatitoserveaga

CompletAnnotatiMateriala,snt1028 U-S-CA
858 Exhibit 4

United States Federal Rthroughf 9riminal Procedure, Rules 6 1995 EDITION

FEDERAL

CRIMINAL CODE

and

RULES

RulesofCriminalProcedure
RulesGovemingHabea sorpusCases
Rulesof EvidencetionAttackingSentence
RulesofAppellateProcedure
RulesofSuprernCouroftheUniteStates

Tit le,CrimesandCriminaledure
App.1-UnlawfulPossessionor RecofEireamis
App.II-Interstate Apmenon Detainen
App.III-ClassIFiInformationbeduresAct
Etle 15Sectio,164 -audulenUseofCrediLards
Title21Chapter13,DrugAbuseReventioandConml -
Tide26,Chapte53, MachinGuns, DestructiveDevices,and
CertainOthEirearms
Section7201to7217hedure &Administration,
Crimes
Tit le, Chapt58,UnitedStateSentencing Cornmission
Chapter153HabeasCorpus
Chapter175,CivCornmitmenandRehabilitatiof
NarcoiicAddicts
Titl31,Chapte53,Subch .IRecordsandReporton Monetary
ZnstrumenTransactions
TitIe41,Sectionsio58,Anti-kickbackAct1986
Titie46 App.Chapte38,MaritimDmgLaw Enforcement
Etle49, Sectio1155,4#û6 to46316, & 4650k46507,
FederaiAviationCrimilenalties

ConsolidatIndex

WEST PUBLISBING CO, ' j , - , - . ,
...,.--: - --. :..
. ..,'. '----III,. IMDI-NT AND ~NFORUTION -.
-.

Bui 6e.ThtGruid.Jw =
(a) SummaDuy GrandJuriea
u-.i(lb- 'b'aamt Bhd orderoneor
rnoregmd-tp.k-emnmwedatwichtbmaa
thepubscinbere&- Thegrandjipy.ahaü.
&.net.les ahand6 nordmm, th B
membenr.~m~+shall~thata~t
, n~af~qaali&ed~bewimmoned
b.~"this
-bl(âb- Jm-3 lîû?court may diwet
~~jaroremaybed~atthetime
agrdjrnyisek&& Almjiuorsiathe
.da& ,* hy weredmkmkd may thd-
kbe.impa~e.ki aspmdd insdxhision (gof
thi&s, Alhmte. juror &shalledrawnin the

same mgnpw and shaflhavethtsame qdi6ca-
tianase ~egulajunue,and if impelledshalI
be subjecto the eamechdimges,shal t:kethe
same,& 9ndSU havethe samefuncüons,w-
erg,faditjesd~=theregulafjurora
Ib) Objdom toGiandJury andto GA Jri-
. m. 1 ... . .
Cl)Challem ~ ~ e y forthe Perm
areatotadeimdant *O hasbenheldto amwet
ia~~~mag~the~Yof
juronan .hegroundth& Ibe gmmijury wrami
~drawoar8ummonedin~with
~,d~.ebUen@suiioWaal jurormtbe
gmmd thatthe jurot+iamt Wy Wed.
~ ~ b e ~ ~ t h e ~ aft)ieoatbtothejummandsbaIlbetiiedbytiie vîohon of Rde6 mayk'prhhed as akeoatempt
court
(2) MotiontoDismIss. A motio nn& ..of . ,
the indichnentmaylm4 anobj&na tothe (3) ExŒptiom
-y orm th he' of .l@ qdibtion ofin 1-,,(13 pmhrmted **
iO<dkimulj~~,.ifn&p~d~up~n
.ElibedinB~~~j1186?(~)~~b~~emarinepre ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ d @ ~ k . d ~ ' ~ d
~der&m~apnunapd~~~& .jw~mqibemr*b .
Aniadi~entahallriotbe~an~grmmd (il aattorneiorthe- foruw in
that oneomo~em& ofthe grsnd-ju-y the perfwmanceol-auc-h.-duty; and
notlegalqualifiifitappem hm the& (ii)uchgapenmie perfmnd (mchidmgper-
kept pmmt tod&ision Ic)ofthisdethat12 . sonnelofagtator.aiaWebio6fa&te) eeam
ormorejurom, aRer&du* thenumk not deemed neeesaabyyana&mq fothe@mm-
legalqdiûed, md in hhg theindi& menttoaagistan~eyfoithe~tin
ment. thep?rfamame of suca-ey's du@ toen-
(CIFoiepeisond DeputyFmqwmon. Tfie forcefdd a%nùd law.
murtshd appoinoneofthejm t6beforeperscin tB)Any persontawhom ma#ers am Wosed
andamther to be deputy forqer~n.The Iwe- _undereubpsragrI ApJ0.)f th psragrs&ail
personshall havpmw to amiiini stherand notutiIieetgmndJuryma- for anypurpaee
aEhnationsandshalaigaüindicimentaThefore- otberthan 888iatith?aalri.nforthegavera-
personoranoh jumrde&mkd by thefore-n mentintheperiomaneeofBU& datyto
shalkeepmord othember efjum coDmvring enfom fedd dmhl law. An a#mney fothe
-the5dng ofeveryin&&nent aadW 6iethe ~emznent ahaUpioaiptl@de the di&ict
mrd withthecl& oftheaaurt,ut there~d mu% Mai0 whkh wasimpaaeldthe grandjury
,d notk de pubbc.weeptn64 thCOI&. whm materialhasbeenBO disclosew,itthe
Duringthe absencof thef-II, the deputy namesoftheperaontswhom suchdidm bas
fm-n W WAasforema ben made,andsbancerti tatthe amrneyhas
(d)Who May Be hwmt Abmeys far the nd"8. mm ofth* o-on of
governmentthe wrtnesutih mon, iutw- underthinrle. . .
preûm when ndd andforthepupow aftalang iC) Discl- othemh pmhibikdbythis de
theevidenca,steii-k urqm&m ofamrd- ofmathm cmr&q Mare the 6d jury may
ingdevicemaybep~t*tb@j~iein ~jaobed-
session,butnpmon otbertban.t jine may lx
presentwhiletttegrandjuqiedeEhmW ormhg. orincodon'~ withajudieialprelimiaaioly
(e) badhqg am? Womm of ' (ii)when pemiittedbya coatthe requesE
ofthedefendant,upoa ahowinthatgrwnds
irigexcepwhen thegmd jirris OP may~foramotiwito~the~ent
va-, ihiube ncmded-x an beauisoef More the gmnd
elenic dmiŒ- An iminfentiod fa3- jur~;
ureofany~~ieprodiieeallaranypor- (üi)whenthe Wmure ismadebyanawr-
tionofapraceediagaballaotaiferttheoali~of neyforthgo~einmenttomther federalgrand
thepmxmtioa Themc&hg orrems notes WY or
araoy~prepered~ehanremain (iv)whpermi#sdbyacoirrtatthereguest
mtheasWym~~ntmlofth~eyforthe ofanemey fbrthgwrerament, poa Bhow-
g0"emmentunlm otheiw desei bythemurt hg tbt~cb ma- may disdosa violationof
mapmimkease. &a& mmd law,Danappropriateofficialof
(2) Gui4 Rufcof Swrecg. A grandjuror, atatweauhbkion da stat oithepurposeof
an enforeiagsuehlaw.

testimonui attornefothegovanmer& m any befm the 8"d JW, thedùùosime&.dlbemPdt
Ipami ern uoiure de vnk pin- i"sueh -9 & spehhc ad nieh
saph (8~~i) d ahdl mnditio~a theeoilrmay àm~L
maaerSoÙeumngbefmthe~jury,exbept~ (DlA petitiforWmm pumunt toSM-
fiemrlsepmndad for inthe niles.Na obli- sionCe)(SHCXd)ilbe nledin the distdere
gstionof~mybim~ona~yperson tbegrendjurg.caovetsed.Utilessthehearingisex
~aaipli~~~~iwna.lIU*~

24 m1-m AND ORM MAT ION Rule 6

+, *ch it my beden thepetiaoneisthe ternprarily or permanently,athela- ment
gw~t, thepetitionershallseeri- ne thecourmy-impanelanotheperso inplaceothe
ticeoftbe petitiupn O the a-ey forthe jmr excused.
gdv-mt, (iithe thejuditiprocoed- (AS-ded 28,1966&~uiy IW ~pr.%19~
ingif disci- isoughtinmnnen withsucha eftOCLI,lm, m. a6, e&A* 1,1916JQ a,
pm?dmg, and (iAsuch&er mns as tùe Aug.1,1919;Apr28a1983e&aAYg. 1. 19#PubL.
& ma reasodle opportuittoapm andho&e Wn. TitiI,B 21S[UCL 121% SBSM 2016;kpr.
29,198effAug. 1,1= Msr.9,199e& Aiig1,IW;
hd. Apr. 22, 1,n.Def1,199B.F
(E)IfthejudiQalwg giving b the
pMon is ia fedd inaother Subd(e)(3)EC)() fthb RuleApelicaMetoWenaes
djsraithecourtahdihumferthe ma- tnthat CornmithlRior tNm ï+ 1987
courta itean-ay Su& te)(3XC)ofthùldeasieffeprtrkiamend-
bdd~ ofthedg d-e wfie&er ,,ntbyfib.L98-473 asfo-
disclmurispmpef. The (k)when pen&d by a c~& Ptthe requ&ofan.
~~~fie~~~w~*~~tt-ans- a~meytor~e~t.ypona~wingthatmdi
fer& theWW WU@ b be 3 fd- mtt, ,Y woae a no& of- law,taan
$leanda writkn eduation of d focmih- appro- ofnciaal w wibdnipiofa forthe
matterisMdy smmcyW ThaBFdurthe&remen-e pwpe ofenforcingmlaw.
Forapphbm ofaatencinpvihne iodensessee
tionedwons sreamnabkop- toappea~ of M.L.984%nasamendedseoutunde&ne,e3551of
andk heard. Title18.Crimesand~hxedure. SeeahCodifi-
t43wed wetmenb. mngis- cationnoMow.
hte judgteawhom anindicimeniretuni mBdy
directhstthe Uididmabe keptsecreund the
defendantain@y ortiaha reTd pend-
ùigtriat Therwpothederkahdlsea tleindiet-
mentandnoperson ahslWoae thereturofthe
iridicheexcefiwhenneeeasa fuythe
andexecutioof8 warrsaor summons.
(5)CId Hearing. Subjeetaanyzighttoan
openhearingi~oon~~the&
SU orderahearin onmatkm affecthgagrand
jrvypmcewlingtobe~tothe~tn~
saryto ment dkd~ of matkm @g
Womagrandjwy.
(6Seale mdlda Recd& order aadsub
poenasmhtingto~jurypmewhg8shallk
keptundereeatiatheextenandfor& timeas
Isnc~ytopFePent~of~ilemu-
ïingbeforagmdjai'Jr.

(n~m~a~eturnoiidd Anin-
~ctmentmaybefdŒdyup tbecmmmmsof
EormjPlrOCa Tb9hkhentghanberekuned
by*grsadjiiayW*beidi. mpeistratejudpin
openarmrt-Iia~ormhmuthnk~g
~tb~d12jimrrsdanoteonerirm
~ p a ~ t b a f ~ ~ 8 0 ~
toaf~~jadeefawiibingf~th
~g1-d- AmdjwW
~.f~itil~bytbcwrt,but~~djw
mayÙbe mm tgmanthR unka the murt
~the~dthegipadjuryfara~~
airmmthaarhupoaadeterminnaonlhatsach
~isin~piMT~ Atmytimefor
cauaesh~~~~theeMPtmay~ajumr*er Rule -7

Rule 7. The indietmentand the Infommtion (2)Ctiminai:~orfeitum'fi&ju&o mffofei-
(a)Use of Indidraent or Womtloa An of- turemaybeen~inserimlnal~~
fensewbich may bepunishedby de& ghallbe Ies se iadihentorthe iddon sha ll -
wosecutedbyindichnentAn dfene+ch =y be tbe~tafthe~~toipm~~1~to
&ed byimprisonmerrftoatermexceBdiag forf!ibm*
horat hd labms~~kepmwmedb~~&~ (3) BitrmleEm. Em intheation orik
mat or,ifindichnenWamed i,may bepmsecuted omissiosM notk grod îorrfinmiRnolthe'
by inf0~118tiAny otheroffensemabeprasenrt- indident orinformatiorforrwasal ofanin-
J byindichnentor byinformatAnn. Mon itheermr orouhicindïdnotminlPnrl.the
may befiiedwitholeaw ofmrtrt. defendantot6edetendad5 prejudibe.
(b)WaiverofIndietmentAnoffensedich may
uni shbe mmnment for aterm exmedhg SmpIusase. !l%ecouratnmotiond tbede
, yearorat hardWr may be pmemH by infomatioa&&esurpbgehtheinctiEbnento~
j&maiion ifthedefendant,Rerhavingben ad-
& ofthenatureofthechargeanoftherightaof (elAmeadmert t fInfmdia The eort&t
thedefendant,aiveinopencourt pmsemtionby ~ a a ~ . t o b e ~ ~ ~ ~
indicpent. before~eLor~ifno~onalorditr~
{cNatureandContenta. h-b eharge dndif8~bU~aalnghb of ae
kfendakkrén& ~udioed..
(1)InGened. Thehdiw or theidonna- (0 ~"m~fparÜL m.-oSydlrrettbe
tiedid k a plain,em&e and-te tKri#en ~afabillofparaerilara Amotionfoiabinof
tat te mnfthe weuüai factaCO- the ~maybQmada~~tor~
~ciuqed It~halIbesignedbytbeawy hten*aRer * atatsoeh~tfme~e
fothegovernment.Itneednotantaina foima( i~ms,=in~pp-ulinmy~
matta not neeessarysueh-hw oranAllw amendedatanytimesubjectto~m~as
thns madeUionemunt may be hcmpated by. justicresuires.
refm* inanothecouat Itmay b de@ in a -=d&.~eb- r 1% a J* 1,
singmunt tbathemeansbywhicbthedeféndaut effoct..1912;pr.301979ed Aag.1. 191Mar.9,
eommithdthe offermaieunhm crrhat&, e&Aug. 1IW.)
defeudanCtommitkditbyoaeor mm
mearis.The Îndicbenw intamatioah& sb&
foreadimt theofficilr&mary uhtianof.
thestatutede regdationoadw pvkb of
iawwhichthe defendaiaal- hmb tohave
Fiolated m1mm

(CIEx~~utianorSemi= and SEeh
Rule 8. Joinderomemes andof enda an&
(a)Joinderofme- Twoor mom off- (1)ExeeuUonorService Thewrvrantshd be
maybechargedin thesame indichnentor inf- ex& or thesummom serrreasprovidedin
tionin a separate counfor eacoff- ifthe Rule4dX11,IZ4 (3). aummons taacorpora-
one- dwg4 whetherfeîoniesor miwheanom afncerortoamanagingorgendageatortoanyan
orboth, an! of same oraimiladmmder w are
bad on theaame actorwon ar ontwoor meiveseiviceof~aad,iftheagentisonelawb
more a& ortsansactiosmnedd tagetherormn- 8utIdd by -te Wreeeive servicmd the
stituünpartsofacornmonschemeor plaa. ahtutesarequim,byalsomaWgacapytothe
(b) Joinderof Defendanta,'Iormore defee- ~0~n'~lastknawn~withinthediatriet
dantsmay bectiargi edthesame inM or matits-~pbŒof~~in
inf@on iftheyareallegetohaveprWpted in theUnitedw TheoPncei~tingthe~
Ehesameactorkumcthnorinthesameseriesof mt sM bPinthe& pmon *out unnee-
actsor tramadons comlitn~ anoffenseor of- essar yy beforthe nht aW1e iderd
f ~ . Sachdefendantmay k charge ian.neor -te judgeor,in thement that af&ed
mon mts togetheor sepaiatelyandld the judgiamt adable, bfm
defendantsneednotbeehargedineachmt. a stclotela judicialofaceruthodmlby 18
U.S.C.§m.

(2)lZetum Theoffie wecuting a warrant
Rule 9. wamentor'Moimation ~pon bat. sbaümakereturathdta themagiatate-
oa 0th- 0- More hm tbeMendant ia
Ia) Isswanca Uponthe requesd the attwney ,.
forthegovernentthecour hallbue awarranfor
each defendanmed inan informafiauppwted
by a sh&g d probahltame under oath8sis
requiredbyRde qa),orinanid&nent. Upon the
request ofthe attorneyfthegwerameata sum- ofthe aianbeyfoitbe' t'*&aay
mons &tead ofa warranshdiissue Ifnomuest tLw rhtlethe'diq-mli &pend-
isde, thecourtmay hue eitberawairanor a iw, a wafian3-d. dwm-
summons initsmetion Morethan onewnmmt or dd ori~oag~~~or~w-
clerkSMmaydelivethewarrantorsummumantathe cstethereofrnaybéd.meredbytbe'~tqthe
- mamM orother perscauthorbi bylawta-te ?mmhd orot2ierautboiiEed fQrakmwn
orserveit.LfadefendaDt& h appeainmnse 'or &lx. i. : ,.d.
to thesummom, a warrantSU iswie.Wheri a &mand to uG;;la-*--.:ZHagiiftcafor
defendantmted witha warranru.givea sum- ~f-~~~~$leApr, falm
mons appearsinitiaMore a mghtmte judge,Ehe ea. Ang.1,1582)., , , 2.:-.-. .
magktmte judgeshd pwd inaccordanceitthe
applicablsu~oae ofRI& S.
-810; DecLZ,1m,~gc149ir06,89~80â;
~pr.m,~m,e&~lrig.zim ~pr.psimadng.1,
(1)Wammi. Thefomd thewarra~tahalbe lm Apr.a1911B,abeEL,19S.) - a - .
aaprovidedia~4(c~U.exeepttbatitahaübe . *.
signed bythecter itabdl theOnease
charge idthe bdkbmmt orinfarmptioand it
ahalErommandtbattbedefendantkamstdand
hughtbef4mtheaeafeet.d-
judge.Tbe smouat ofMl mapliefixe by the
cour tadend04 onthemmmt
(2)Summona The ~ummorm shalbleintbe
same fm as the wammt exceptthatitSM
sunimontheWendaat toappea refwla mnagis-
bte judgeat astatedümeand pIaoe. Exhibit 5

Jury Selection Plan for the United States District Court for the
District of Columbia
(as amended through 9 September 1993) JURY SELECTIONPLAN
FOR THE
UNITEDSTATESDISTRICTCOURT
FOR THE DISTRICOFCOLUMBIA MODIFIED PLAN
FOR THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FORTHE DISTRIfl OF COLUMBIA
FOR THERANDOMSELECTION OF GRANDAND PîTITJURORS

(As AmendedThroughSeptemkr9, 1W3)

A. msibilitv ForPla Cnbemtion

Jurorshalbeselect4bytheClerkof Coun(Ckrk)inaccorda nciethisJurylan
andundertheguidancof theChiefJudgt.

B. Sourcof NamesforMasterJuy Wh4

niejudgeoftheCourtfindpursua1028 U.S.C .863(b(2thatwhilethRegisttted
VotersMasteFileoftheDistriofColumbiWa d ofElectionsepresensfaircross-section
ofthecornrnuniin8is disirian,evengreter numbeofcitizenwillk eIigibforjury
servi cfsupplementaiurcesareaisempfoyed.'Inordetobroadenthebasefrom which
potentijurorsshdlxchosen,rherefot, ecourtapprovssourcliscompiledbymerging
IheRegistereVotersMasterFile of fhDistricofColumbia Boardofneciionsor iu

.supprtingcornputetapefilewirh thecornpufeape filmaintaincdby theDistriof
ÇolurnbiaDeFrnent ofMotorVehiclesofindividu18yws and oldewho holdadrivw's
licerise,leamer'spermorvalididentificatçardissue dy the Deparimenof Motor
Vehicles. Thismergedlis:will herbereferretoasthe'SourceListg.

Iisagrd LhatheDistrictCourneedsaresubstmtialla thanthosoftheD.C.
SuperioCourt'sandthata goalof operatitwo sepamtjurysystemsin theDistritf
Columbiaisnottohavjurorssummonebdybth Courtsattheme timethereforrheP.C.
SuperioCoun'sdatasystemsoperatioshdlpullrandomlyromthe mergedsourceLithe
numberof namesofjurotstheD.C. Supior Courtfindsufficiefortheirneedsndthe
randomtemaindeshdlconstituthesour iet fotheU.S,DislncCourt.

The judgeof thecourfinditadvaniageoisusea properlyrogrammed elcctroiiic
dataprmssing syste10maintainthmuterjury wheelandperformotherc1encalervi-
re1ateto thejuly sysiem. AccordinglyI,hccourtauthoh theCterkto mab such
arrangemen tndprwurcsuchassisia asnccceswyto establianelectrondatasystem,

oraçombinaiionnanodandeleclroncecordsystem ,0perform,namanner thatamplitj
withsub-sectinklow, thefollowinfunctions:

- mergeroftheD.C. BoardofElecb'onR'egistedVotenMasterfilewitUie
D.C.Departmen tfMotorVehicIesileofindividuas8yean andorder ho holdadriverlicensleamer'permitordid identificatcard ssuc dthe
Depmmentof MoiorVehiclcs

seleciionnamesfromthimergedwuru lis[ finclusiinihemaser whcel

- selecu'of namesfrom themasterwhetlfor automatiaddressiof jury
questionnaires

selectiofnamesfromthequalifiwheelforissuancfsummonse sjuron

. stoinofnamesandaddressesnthemastejurywheclornamesandaddm
inthequalifiwheelin suchphysid foms asmagneti apw, ormagnetic
disks

- preparingistsofjurnames,ndexcardss,mmonses ,ndothermrds as arc
needeor requirbyiaw

1, Formulafornamesselectinrocedurz

Descnbedklow ia selectiprdurc forthmastejurywhd which

thecolarfindshdlresulinthedrawingof namesropodondlyrepresenting
a cross-sectinf dl of the DistricAccordhg to thi sdure,
applicabtoiheinitidrawinasweIlassuchadditiondrawingasmayhm
timc totimcbc nwsary, the fustnam scIectedshabe takenhm r
randornid s~ng poin(number n fhsource listantheadditionmlu
shallthelx pickeatregulaZilintervatobtdetemincdbyaquotién rset
@) below)sspacedastoinsurtha&forethedrawinisoornpletitwilhave
traverscthentirefile.

a.Volum efnamestobctaka. Forihtfht drawinofnamesforthe
master heethetotquantityfname sakeshnak sufficietosatisfy
estirnadurornedsforatleu theensuhg si xonthbutmay covtr
needosf uptotwo y- shouldtheCletksodeci&. h notvent,
however,houlthequantitofnamapfaob d themasterur y M be
les hanonethouad.

b.Jhtemininaa 'auow. AfterShnumk ofnamm b h takein
anygivedrawingfromthematerwhd has ken determine,heCierk,
orpersonsnderEhesupmisionoftheClerkwhooperaitheelectronic
datsystemforrhemua, wiU dividthetotanumbeo rfnamesiuthe
wmpure rapfilebythanumtw.Theresuttisrefend tohereiasthe
'quotientForexample ifthederk shou1ddeteminethato supp1y
courjurywuiremenufut 12 manihsitwiind 8,00nanw in5hG
masierheel, niftherisa totof bd,W namesinlhcsou= ÿstshe 'quotientobe usedwouldbe64,00018,00or 8,andevery8h name
wouldthenbttakenforthemastewhec1.

c.petermini-g. Anerdetermin tinquotientihe
Clerkshallestabla startinumkr. Thisnumkr will lm& from
arnonnames foundatthebeginniof thewurçtlistthfint namto
bc ~Iwted. The startinumkr willk publicldrawn bylotfrom
numberd cardplacedinajurydrumor box.Consecutivelyumkrdd

wd4 usd forthisdrawinshoulbegi nirhcardnumkd 'ontand
endwilh a cardhavingthesamtnumbt asthe "quotient"As an
exampitofhow bth 'startinumkr' and "quotien'reusai,ifwe
supposthequotieno be8and thestartinumber dnwn tobe4, the
firname chosewoutdbe th4îh,theseco narnechosenwoulbe
12ih,thhirdwouldbe the20ih,etcuntiihcendofthefileonama
wasreaçhed.

d. Alternatof selectinams byman-. Ifanemergency
needariçeto selecjurornamesrnanvallfiom rhesùurçtlia,iht
choosinofnames shd k byeounhg namedown theEstutha ina
numerid sequenceif thnames arc numbeseor - iftheyue aut
numbetd-inanyothelogid consistet equmce.osthiwsuntinand
seleçtiprocestheentirlismustbctraversdnd thespecifimes
pickedwillbcaccordingtotheestabIisha'quotientand 'startUig
numh' formuladescribeabovc.In lieuofm*ng an actuaphysid
muntofnama, arneasunndgevicthaexpressname intemalinterni
of inchesospacton a pagemaybt ud providlngitsubstantdly
approxirnathedesire'quotientintemi3thaan accvalamc count
wouldproduce.

D. Emptyinoand RqlenishimtheMasteJup Wh4

TheJuryPlanp'licy itopermia rasonablmarginofflexibilinthetime

fortheemptyhgandreplenis hfihtmastewhd. Thedecisionastoexacttiminskllbe
madeby iheClerkbase drimariyponhiajudgmentndknowledgoefthreprincipbn:
namely,(1)whenthesupporlinileofthetour- Iisianexttobeupdate d ;howmaay
namesin themastewheelwodd havetobethrown outand (3)theneedforc~rreanames
andaddressesIn anycventthetimintervaforemptyinandfeplenjshithemas& wM
shdlnotexceedfoury-,

When themasterbed isernptidheexisthquatifidwhd willcontinutok d
uniianadquatenumbc(rtobedekrminebdytheCIer k)petsonfiornthnew mastawhd
havebeenquaiifid.At thtimetheoldqualifiwhd wifIbeemptid anda newqualifiai
wheelcreated. E. pua!1&iyieurorsnd

Fromtimt ttimeasthcncedarisetheClerkshaicause&Obtdrawn fromthemaster
whel byelectro danaprwessingprocedurest,hnamesandaddressaof perro nowhom
questionnaiwill besenforthepurposeof exarninigheiqualificatiforjuryservice.
Determinaiiofrhenumkrof namesiobedrawn shakl baseduponanticipajurorneeds.
For anyofthesdrawingsnameswillbetakenby usinthesame selectiformuladixussel
under'C'above.The namesandaddressaofpersonso~lected shd k hstedialphahtical
order.

Juryqualificatnuesrionnaiwsilbemail& tothenamesseIeçtatsuc himcasthe
Clerkfindadminisirativlynvenient.

AfterexaminatinfthecompletequestionnairhcClerkwilrecommen dothCourt
whethertheperso iunqualifidorjuryserviocrexempt,orto& excusedfromjuryservi=
inaccordan w ihtherquirernentofthe statuand thisuryPlan. Finadeterminations
respectingthequalificanf individlersonswillb noieon thquestionnaifonn.nit

rexordof namesandaddresseofperxrnwshoaredeterniintobtqualifieasjurorandnot
exempt pursuahtothiplanshdlcunstituthe'qwlifiedwheél',

Onceeachmonth, ormoreor leu frequentfn-q, attimu tobe detemincby
the Courr,be Clerkshallpubliclydraor causetok drawn,oneat atirneandwithout
pseviousexaminatithenama ofsuchnumberosfpenons~OTpetiandgrandjury seNias
may be dir~td bytheChiefJudgc . hisdrawinofnames fromihe"quaiifidheel'may
dm be donebyusingelectrondataprocessingrocedurer.ftheelectrandatprocessing
proceduresreud, thesame generaformulforarrivigia "quotien'nd'startinumber'
dwrjbed aboveshouldk ud, However,whenthe= arespeçiadrawingdsutinfit month,
forjurorsneededoverand abovethequantiiobiah&in themain brawing,the'starting
numbern ' eedotbpublicldmwn by lotbutinsteam,abedetennine dyperso operating
thedataprocessinguipmentwhowiisiimpiyusth eirsaameinthecornputerim'ldiiied

whedwasthe startiname, orwho willtakasthefustnameany nametheIoeationfwhich
an beeasilydefmd inprogrammin gms. The programforthename selectionmUthen
pro& totraverstheentirfilaccordhgto the'quoti#iinterva,ortheseletioofthe
toiatnumberofnamestequir fedthepid drawing.Pcrsonsochosenwillbesummoned
toappearforservicasgrandorpetitjuronfoa specifpriod.

Men dl petsonssummoned forseniceasjurorsinthiCuurthave beendirecttlo
serve,eachwiireporiotheCTerkforassignrnebylottothevarioujur yourifordoe
on acasebycasebasiwhen callefobyOitwtive courtsAt thconclusionfeach~iease
suchjurorwillagainreporttothClerkforreassignmebylotioanothe rase. nienamesof anyÿézxinswho havcben summoncd andthcnhavcbeenternpomily
txcuseorhavenotsrnad shalberesummonewdhentherason forthtexeusOCnotserving
ends.

G. GroundqforExemptioorExcuse

1. ExerngtioruThefollowingclasseperso hsaibeexemptromjuryservie,
ibeingfoundihasuchexemptionsareinthepublicinterandnotinconsis tihni
Titlc28,UniteStateCdt, S~tions1861and1862:

a. Membersinactiveserviin thArmedFor-

b. Membero sf thiirandpolicedepartmenuftheUniteStateand tht
Distriof Columbia

Publicofficersin the executirc,legiorjudiçialbrancof the
c, governmentof theUnitedStates,or governmentf thDistricof

Columbia, hoareiiherelectlopublicoffiordirectappointeby
one elsiedtooMia.

2. Grovndsofm. 'Ihfolfowincfassofperxinsshaletxcusefromjury
serviwhentheindividua equesu excuseilbeingfoufithajur ervicebysuch
class wesuIenta3unduehardshiporextremeincaovenienb thmemkrs thereof,
and excusofrnembertsemf woutdnotbcinconsistetit28U.S.C 1861and 1862:

b. Personswhohaveservedssgrandorpetitjuro~hthtPistnctCoustfor
the Districtof Columbwithintwo y- as specif in28 U.S.C.
866Ce)

c. VolunteersafetypersonneIwhoservewitliautcompensationarfiefigh~~
ormembero sfa mue squadorambulanccercwfoa 'publlagmcym.

H. Maintenanc ofRa& niecontentsofiemastejurybaxandthepualifijuy
boxwhichhave Wmt inactivashereinbeforetaiedandal1relamrds regardmg the
qualificatiselectio, nuseofjuronshallbepreservebytheClcr foa periooffour
yearsfromthedateofInactiviandbe availablfopublicinspectiinlhaofficeduring

1 regulabusineshourforthepurporcofdeterrninitevaliditofiheseleetnfuiy jug.

1. Cour t rda* Anycurrentlyffectiordeofth e ourtranhgauthonttythe
aerk toexemp tndexcuspersunsinLhecategorisperifiabovferomservicejgrandor
ptijumr andtogrnt temptaryexcusetoprospectiverandandpetitjurontheground3
ofunduehardshiprextremehconvuiitnceismadeaparthereof,J. One-SiepSummoning and QualificatProcedure

ThisCoun has chosentoadopia one-stesummoningandqualificatinrocedu rre,
authoriteby Section403of Pub.L.Na1.02-572,8 U.S.C.8 1878,inlieuoftwosepante
proceduresothenviseproviddforbyihe JurySeleçtioand ServicAct. The Courtshdl
ensurethatthiprtxedurdues notviolatethepoliciesandobjecsetfortinsection1861

and 1862of Tiile28. Exhibit 6

U.S. Department of Justice Memorandum: Summary of Criminal
Procedure in Federal Criminal Cases in the United States United States Department of Justice
May 31, 1995

1, In the United States of America, bath the federal

government and the states have jurisdiction to prosecute crïminal

offenses. Whether a crime may be prosecuted by a state or by the

federal government depends on whether the conduct is a violation

'of a federal or state law which often depends on the nature of

the offense. The prosecution of crimes involving the killing of

nationals of the United States outside the territory of the

United States, and the destruction by means of an explosive of a

civil aircraft registered in the United States which is engaged

in foreign commerce, is exclusivelya matter of federal

jurisdiction. In the United States the investigationand

prosecution of federal criminal offenses is the exclusive

responsibility of the executive branch of government.

Prosecutors, investigating or "specialt1 agents, and police

officers are members of the executive branch, not the judicial

branch. In the United States there are no investigating judges investigation a£ federal criminal, offenses is limited to the

exercise of judicial Eunctions.

2. The executive agency of the federal government with the

responsibility to prosecute federal crimes is the United States

Department of Justice. The Department of Justice is headed by

the Attorney General, who is appointed by the President of the

United States and is a member of his cabinet. The appointment of

the Attorney General is subject to confirmation by the United

States Senate. The Attorney General serves at the pleasure of

.the President. The Attorney General is the chie£ federal Law

enfoxcernent officer of the United States. All federal

prosecutors are part of the United States Department of Justice,

and along with al1 ernployees of the Federal Bureau of

Investigation (FBI) are subject to the supervision of the

Attorney General .

3. At the Department of Justice in Washington, D.C., the

Attorney General is açsisted by a number of officiais, also

appointed by the President, who are in charge of the Divisions

responsible for the administrationof specialized areas of United

States Law. Each Division is headed by an Assistant Attorney

General. Administrationof federal criminal law is the

responsibility of the Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal

2 Division. The Criminal Division 1s further divided into a number

of Sections. The Terrorism and Violent Crime Section of the

Criminal Division is responsible for Che administration of the

federal criminal laws proscsibing the killing 05 nationals of the

United States abroad, as well as terrorist crimes such as

conspiracies to destroy, by means af explosives, civil aircraft

engaged in foreign commerce.

4. The prosecution of £ederal criminal cases in the United

States District Courts is the responsibility of the United States

.Attorney in the relevant geographical district of the United

States. Each United States Attorney is appointed by the

President for a four year term, is subject to confirmation by the

United States Senate, and reports to the Attorney General. There

are 94 United States District Courts, and consequently 94 United

States Attorneys, one assigned to represent the United States in

each judicial district. Each United States Attorney has a number

of Assistant United States Attorneys, who are not political

appointees, and who represent the United States of America in

litigation in the United States District Courts. Trial Attorneys

employed by the Department of Justice alse prosecute cases in the

District Courts, and frequently do so in conjunction with

Assistant United States Attorneys. The trial of federal offenses

'3 generally takes place befare the United States District Court in

the geographical district in which the crime was committed. In

the case of federal crimes involving the deaths of U.S.

nationals or the destruction of U.S. civil aircraft committed

outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States by

offenders not then found in the United States and who have not

previously resided in the United States, an indictrnent or charge

rnay be filed in the District of Columbia by the United States

Attorney for the District of Columbia. In the event the

defendants are+surrendered for prosecution in the United States,

the trial would be held in the United States District Court for

the .District of Columbia.

5. The prirnary responsibilityfor the investigation of

crimes involving the death of U.S. nationals abraad and the

destruction of U.S. civil aircraft engaged in foreign commerce by

means of explosives resides with the Federal Bureau of

Investigation (FBI) . The FBI is part of the United States

Department of Justice, and the Director of the FBI reports te the

Attorney General. The FBI, headquartered in Washington, D.C.,
1
has field Divisionswhich provide investigative support to United
1

States Attorneys located throughout the United States. The
l
Laboratory Division of the FBI, includes an Explosives Unit staffed by Special Agent Examiners, who have been qualified as

forensic experts inmatters relating to crimes involving
II
1 explosive devices.

II 6. The United States Constitution provides that na person

shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous
1.
crime, unless on a presentmentl or indictment of a Grand Jury.

The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provide that an offense

which may be punished by imprisonment for a term exceeding one

year or at hard labor shall be prosecuted by indictment, unless

,indictment is waived. The offenses with which the defendants are

1 accused in this case are a11 felonies punishable by more than a

yearls imprisonment,and consequentlywere brought by indictment
I
returned by a Grand Jury of the United States District Court for

the District of Columbia. Further, before an indictment for

killing nationals of the United States, outside the United
1'
States, in violation of TitLe 18 United States Code, Section

II
1 2331, can be returned, the Attorney General of the United States,

The tem "presentmentn refers to written notice by a grand
jury of any offense, £rom their om knowledge or observation
I without any bill of indictment laid befure them by the government
attorney. It is in effect an instruction that an indictment be
1I drawn. à11 indictrnentsreturned by a grand jury are required by
the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to be signed by the
Attorney for the United States., This proceçs formally initiates
the prosecution in the name of the United States. or the highest ranking subordinate of the Attorney General with

responsibility for criminal prosecutions, must certify in writing

that, in the judgment of the certifying official, such offense

was intended to coerce, intimidate, or retaliate against a

governrnent or civilian population.

7. The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provide that an

indictrnent shalL be a plain, concise and definite written

statement of the essential facts constituting the offense

charged. It shall be signed by the attorney for the government,

.typicallyby the United States Attorney for that District.

Violations of specific statutes are referred to as "countsmq or

charges. It is required that the indictrnent state for each count

the official or custornary citation of the statute which the

defendant is alleged to have violated. It may be alleged in a

single count that the means by which the defendant committed the

offense are unknown or that the defendant committed it by one or

more specified means.

8. Two or more offenses may be charged in the same

indictrnent in a separate count for each offense, if the offenses

charged are of the same or similarcharacter,or are based on the

same act or transactions or connected together or constituting

parts of a cornmon scheme or plan. 9. Two or more defendants rnay be charged in the same

indictment if they are alleged to have participated in the sarne

act or transaction or in the same series of acts or transactions

constituting an offense or offenses. Such defendants may be

charged in one or more counts together or separately and al1 of

the defendants need not be charged in each count.

10. The principal function of the modern federal grand jury

is te decide whether to approve ar llreturn" an indictment

proposed by a federal prosecutor charging federal felany

violations. To make that decision, the grand jury must determine

£rom the evidence presented whether a crime has been committed,

and if these is probable cause to return an indictment charging

one or more individuals with the commission 05 the crime, In

furthexance of ils principal function of deciding whether te

approve indictments,the grand jury rnayalso pexform an

investigative function fer which its powers are broad. It can

compel the sworn testimony of witnesses and the production of

documentary and other physical evidence subject to very few

limitations. In complex cases the grand jury's investigative

role is essential. Although a prosecutor, working together with

an investigative agency generally directs such investigation, the

prosecutor and investigativeagency alone cannot compel the

7testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary and

other physical evidence. They must work together with the grand

jury to secure evidence that would not otherwise be available.

11. The secrecy of grand jury proceeding is governed by

Rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, which

except in certain specified circumstances prohibits the

disclosure of matters occurring before a grand jury unless so

directed by a court prelirninarily to or in connection with a

judicial proceeding .

12. A federal grand jury consists of at least 16, but not

more than 23, United States citizens, who are at least 18 years

of age, and who have lived for a perlod of one year within the

judicial district where they are asked to serve. In practice

grand juries do not dsaft theix own proposed indictments. The

prosecutors responsible for presenting the case to the grand jury

typically advise the grand jury about the relevant law and

prepare a proposed indictment for the grand jury to consider.

The grand jury is under no obligation to return the indictment

prepared by the prosecutors, and may choose to return an

indictment for only some of the charges suggested, or not to

return an indictment at all. An indictment may be found or

"returned" only upon the concurrence of 12 or more jurors. The

8grand jury conducts its deliberations and voting on indictments

in secret, and outside the presence of the prosecutor or grand

jury reporter. AEter the grand jury has voted, it physically

appears in open court before a United States Magistrate Judge and

returnç the indictment as a "True Bill." The return of the

indictment establishes probable cause that the defendants have

cornmitted the crimes alleged. When the indictment is returned,

the government attorney moves the magistrate judge eo issue

arrest warrants to bring the defendants before the court.

13. At the Powest level of the federal judiciary are the 94

United .States District Courts. The judges in the district courts

are either United States District Court judges or.magistrate

judges. Magistrate judges, who are appointed for a term of

years, have more limited jurisdiction than district court judges,

who are appointed by the Pxesident, confirmed by the U.S. Senate,

and who serve for life. District court judges are not subject to

removal unless impeached by the W.S. Senate. The trial of the

indictment in this case would be before a United States District

Court Judge and a jury, unless trial by jury was waived by the

defendants and the United States. Prior to trial, however,

certain proceedings take place in the United States District

Court before magistrate judges .

9 14. A law enforcementofficer who arreçts a defendant on a

warrant issued following the return indictment grand

jury is required to bring that person without unnecessary delay

before the nearest available federal magistrate judge. At this

initial appearance before the magistrate judge, the defendant is

not required tu plead to an offense not triable befare a United

States magistrate judge. The magistrate judge will advise the

defendant of the nature of the charges. If not already

represented by counsel the magistrate judge will advise the

defendant of his right to retain counsel, inquire of his ability

to afford counsel, and in the event that the defendant is unable

to afford counsel, appoint counsel to represent him. In the

District of Columbia, defense counsel employed by the Federal

Public Defender or private members 05 the Bar of the District of

Columbia are frequently appointed to represent indigent

defendants in complex criminal cases. The magistrate judge will

also in£orm the defendant that he is not required to make any

statement and that any statement made by the defendant may be

used against him. Once counsel has been appointed the magistrate

judge will next address the release or detention of the defendant

pending trial, which is governed by the Bail Reform Act, codified

in Title 18 United States Code, Sections 3141-3145. 15. The magistrate judge is required to hold a detention

hearing upon the motion of the gavernment attorney in a case that

involves a crime of violence or for which the maximum punishment

is life imprisonment or death, in order to determine whether any

conditions of release will reasonably assure the appearance of

the person, and protect the safety of the community. The hearing

shall be held immediately upon the perçons first appearance

before the judicial officer, unless that person seeks a

continuance.

16. If following a detention hearing the magistrate judge

finds by a preponderance of the evidence that no condition or .

cornhination of conditions will reasonably assure the appearance

of the defendant at trial, or finds by clear and convincing

evidence that no condition or combination of conditions will

reasonably assure the safety of the community,or any person, the

defendant ni11 be ordered held without bond. An order by a

magistrate judge detaining a defendant for trial is reviewable

before a United States District Court Judge. An order by a

District Court judge denying release pending trial, is a

collateral matter which may be further appealed ta a United

States Circuit Court of Appeals. 17. Following the initial appearance and bail determination

before the magistrate judge, the defendant is arxaigned, usually

before the district court judge to whom the case has been

randomly assigned. Arraignments are conducted in open court, and

consist of reading or summarizing the indictment previously

furnished to the defendant and calling upon the defendant to

plead thereto. A defendant may plead not guilty, guilty, or with

the consent of the court, no10 contendere (no contest). If the

defendant pleads net guilty, then the court sets a trial date.

If the defendant has been detained without bail, the trial shall

commence within ninety days O£ the beginning of such detention or

designation of high xisk by the government. Under the Speedy

Trial Act, 18 U.S.C. S 3161 et ses., various periods of delay

enumerated in §3161(hE are excluded in computing this ninety day

period.

18. The period following arraignment in complex cases often

involves extensive pretrial motion litigation under the Federal

Rules of Criminal Procedure and various statutes governing the

discovery by the defense of evidence in the possession of the

government. Other than pleas of not guilty, guilty or no10

contendere, common law challenges to the indictment have been

abolished,and al1 challenges which can be raised before trialmust now be raised by motion to dismiss or to grant appropriate

relief under the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. Any

defense, objection or request which is capable of determination

without trial of the general issue, may be raised before trial by

motion. The following motions must be raised before trial : (a)

defenses and objections based on the institution of the

prosecution; defects in the indictment (other than failure fo

show jurisdiction in the court or eo state an offense); motions

to suppress evidence; recpests for discovery under Rule 16; or

sequests for severance of charges or defendants under Rule 14.

19. Prior to trial the defendant is required, upon written

demand of the attorney for the government, to give notice of an

intention to raise the defense of alibi. The defendant is

required to provide the names and addressees of the witnesses

upon whom the defendant intends to rely to establish that the

defendant was elsewhere at the time of the commission of the

crime.

20. Rule 16 of the Fedexal Rules of Criminal Procedure

provides for extensive pretrial discovery by the defendant of the

evidence within the custody or control of the government. Such

discoverablematerials which must be made available for

inspection or copying by the defense include: al1 statements by

13the defendant to a government aggnt; the defendant's prlor

criminal record; documents and tangible objects which are

material to the preparation of the defendant's defense, or are

intended for use as evidence at trial by the governrnent, or

bel~ng to the defendant; reports of scientlfic tests material to

the preparation of the defense or which are intended for use by

the government as evidence in the govexnrnent's case in chie£ at

trial; and a summary of any anticipated expert witnessesg

testimony which describes the expert's opinions, the bases and

the reasons therefor and the witnesses qualifications.

21. The prosecution is further required by a long line of

decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, to disclose

any information or evidence which is material to the issue of

guilt or innocence of the defendant, or is material to the degree

of punishment .

22. The destruction of an aircraft of the United States, in

which death has resulted in violation of Title 18, United States

Code, Section 32 is subject to the death penalty or life

imprisonment pursuant to Section 34 of that Title. Whether or

not the death penalty is sought, because the offense has the

potential to be a "capital offenseM the accused has other

statutory protections, Title 18, United States Code, Section 3005, provides that upon request of the defendant, the court

shall promptly appoint two defense counsel, one of whom shall be

learned in the law applicable to capital cases, who shall have

free accesç to the accused at al1 reasonable hours. In addition,

the defendant is afforded the right to have the same process of

the court available to the prosecution to compel witnesses to

appear on his defense. In contrast to the practice in non-

capital federal cases, in which the prosecution is not required

to disçlose the identity of its witnesses, the accused is glven a

,list of government witnesses three days prior to trial.

23. Felony cases are required to be tried by jury in the

United States District Court, unless the defendant waives the

right to a jury trial in writing, with the approval of the court

and the consent of the government. In a case tried without a

the court makes a general finding of guilty or not guilty,
jury

and upon request before the general finding, finds the facts

specially. A trial, or petit jury, is composeà of 12 citizens

who are chosen £rom a panel, or venire, summoned at random

according to the jury selection plan established in the relevant

district. At any time before the verdict the parties may

stipulate in writing with the approval of the court that a valid

verdict may be returned by a jury of less than 12, should thecourt have found it necessary to excuse one or more jurors for

just cause after the trial commences. After the jury has retired

to deliberate if the court has found it necessary to excuse a

juror for just cause, and even in the absence of a stipulation by

the parties, the court has discretion to permit a valid verdict

to be returned by the 11 rernaining jurors. While Rule 24 of the

Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure provides that the court,may

permit the defendant or the defendant's attorney and the

government attorney to conduct an examination of prospective

jurors, the prgctice in the United States District Court fer the

District of Columbia i,s for the court to conduct this inquiry

with questions submitted by the parties. There is no limitation

on the number of challenges for cause. If the offense charged is

punishable by death, each side is pemitted 20 preemptory jury

challenges. In non-capital felony cases the defense is entitled

to 10 peremptory challenges, while the government is only

entitled to six peremptory challenges.

24. The functisn of the jury in the trial of federal

criminal case is to determinewhat the facts are in that case,

The jury is the sole judge of the factç and they alone decide the

credibility of the witnesses and the weight to be given the

evidence presented. Jurors are ,instructedby the court to

16determine the facts without fear, sympathy or favoritism, and not

to be improperly infkuenced by anyoneqs race, ethnic origin or

gender. At al1 times the burden of proof remains on the

prosecution to prove the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable

daubt. The burden never shifts to the defense, and the defendant

has no obligation to testify or offer any evidence. No inference

may be drawn by the jury because of the defendant's failure to

testify or offer other evidence. The prosecution is precluded

£rom making any reference to the defendant's failure to testify

or offer a defense. The standard for conviction on an offense,

as courts are required to instruct, is that it is necessary for

the juroxs to unanimously find that the prosecution has proven

each and every element of the offense charged beyond a reasonable

doubt .

25. The function of the United States District Court Judge

is to conduct the trial in an orderly, fair and efficient manner;

to rule on questions of law and the admissibllity of evidence

under the Federal Rules of Evidence; and to instruct the jury on

the Law applicable to the case. Trials, other than jury

deliberations,are conducted in public, and the defendant has the

right ta be present and represented by counsel at al1 stages of

the trial. 26. The trial of a federal criminal case has distinct

phases consisting of the prasecutionls (or "the governmentlsM)

case in chief, the defense case, government rebuttal, final

argument, jury instruction, jury deliberation, jury verdict, and

judgment .

27. The prosecution's case in chief begins after a jury has

been empaneled and sworn. The prosecution is then required to

make an opening statement summarizing the evidence which will be

presented to prove the specific counts of the indictrnent is

autlined. The prosecution is required to set forth sufficient

anticipated testimony to establish a Prima faci% case. The

defense can make an opening staternentat this tirne, or can

reserve its opening statement until the close of the

prosecutionls case.

28. The presentation of evidence is accomplishedby calling

witnesses, who are sworn to testify truthfully, and who give

their evidence in response to direct examination by the

prosecutor- Objections t~ the authenticity, relevance,

materiality, and admissibility of evidence, competency of

witnesses, and the scope of expert testimony, are legal issues

ruled upon by the trial judge. All witnesses are subject to

cross examination by opposing counsel. The prosecution can then

,lSenquire on re-direct examination into those new areas opened up

by the defense on cross examination, which may lead to re-cross

by the defense. All prior statements by the witness concerning

the çubject matter of his teatimony are subject to production by

the prosecution. The government is also required to turn over

any material bearing on the credibility of the witness which

would aid the defense in impeaching the witness.

29. At the conclusion of the presentation of evidence in

its case in chie£, the prosecution will 'lrest. tg At that point

the court is required on the motion of the defendant, or on its

own motion, to grant a judgment of acquittal on one or more

charges if the evidence is insufficient to sustaln a conviction

as a matter of law. The standard applied is whether, viewing the

evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, a

reasonable jury could find the defendant guilty beyond a

reasonable doubt. If the defendant's motion for judgment of

acquittal is not granted at this tirne, the defendant may offer

evidence without having reserved the right. The court rnay also

reserve decision on the motion for judgment of acquittal, proceed

with the trial, submit the case to the jury and decide the motion

either before the jury returnsa verdictof guilty or is

discharged without having returned a verdict. If the juryreturns a verdict of guilty sr is discharged without having

reached a verdict, a motion fer judgment of acquitta1 may be made

or renewed wiehln seven days after the jury is discharged.

30. At the conclusion of the testimonial phase of a trial,

usually after the prosecution has offered evidence to rebut

defense evidence, both sides have an opportunity to argue the

case to the jury. The prosecution beglns by surnmarizing only the

evidence which the jury has heard, and arguing the inferences

which can reasonably be drawn £rom the evidence. The jury's

recollection controls and what the prosecutor says is not itself

evidence. In this phase, which is called "opening argument," the

prosecutor concludes by asking the jury to find the defendant

guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. The defense counsel then has

an opportunity to address the jury. The defense argument can be,

and usually is, an attack on the credibility of the governrnentfs

witnesses and strength of the governmentls case. The defense is

given wide latitude in demonstrating that the governrnent has

failed tu prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

The defense, although it kas no obligation to offer any evidence,

if such evidence has been offered, can argue that the defense

evidence has negated the gowexnmentls case. The defense, if kt

chooses, can also argue that because the burden of proof is on if such evidence has been of fered, can argue that the defense

evidence has negated the government's case. The defense, if it

chooses, can also argue that because the burden of proof is on

the government to prove the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable

doubt, the defendant has no obligation to offer any evidence,

and should be acquitted because of the presumption of innocence.

Following the conclusion of the defense argument the prosecution

is given an opportunity to argue in rebuttal to the jury.

31. Before the jury retires to deliberate, the district

court judge instructs or ncharges" the jury based upon standard

codified charges as well as requested instructions submitted by

the parties. The practice is -£or both sides to submit proposed

jury instructionsprlor to final argument, and for the judge to

furnish çounsel with copies of the charge which will be given to

the jury. The defense can preserve for appeal any objections to

the charge, or failure to give requested instructions. The jury

is always instructed on the burden of proof, the presumption of

innocence, that the indictment is not evidence, what evidence may

be considered,that they are sole judges of the facts and the

weight to be given to the testimony of the witnesses, the

elements of the offenses which the government must prove beyond a

reasonable doubt, and the requirement for unanimity of verdict.each defendant on each count of the indictment in which they are

charged. If there are two or more de£endants, the jury at any

time during deliberations may return a verdict or verdicts with

respect to a defendant or defendant as to whom it has agreed; if

the jury cannot agree with respect to all, the defendant or

defendants as to whom it does not agree rnay be tried again.

When a verdict is returned in open court, and before it is

recorded, the defendant rnay request that each juror be polled.

If upon the poll there is not a unanimous concurrence the jury

may be directed to retire for further deliberations or rnay be

discharged.

32. If the jury returns a verdict of not guilty, the

defendant is then discharged, and cannot be retried on that

offense. If the jury returns a verdict of guilty, the court will

set a tentative date for the imposition of sentence, and will

determine whether the defendant will remain at liberty or be

further detained pending appeal.

33. For crimes committed afeer November 1, 1987, the

imposition of sentence is governed by the Sentencing Reform Act

of 1984, which abolished parole, and which is codified at 18

U.S.C. 55 3551-3742 and 18 U.Ç.C. SS 991-998. Under the

Sentencing Reform Act the trial ]udge determines the sentence£rom within a range of sentences provided for by the United

States Sentencing Commission Guidelines. Prior to the imposition

of sentence a Presentence Investigation Report is prepared by the

United States Probation Office for the geographic district, which

sets forth the defendant's background, criminal history, impact

on the victimls) , applicable Sentencing Guidelines, computatlon

in months of imprisonment of Guideline Sentence Range within the

statutory maximum, and any basis for departure £rom the Guideline

Range, The contents of the report are disclosed to the defendant

and his counsel, time is permitted for them to file objections,

and a sentencing hearing is held, at which evidence may be taken

before the judge resolves the objections and rnakes written

findings .

34. Before imposlng a sentenceon a defendant, the court

must verify that the defendant and his counsel have read and

discussed the presentence report, and he must give the defendant

and his counsel an opportunity to comment on the report. The

defendant's counsel must be given an opportunity to speak on

behalf of the defendant. The court must address the defendant

personally and determinewhetherthe defendant wishes to

personally make a statement and present any information in

rnitigation of the sentence. The judge must also afford theattorney for the U.S. Government an opportunity equivalent to

that of the defendant's to address the court on what constitutes

an appropriate sentence. If the crime for which the sentence is

to be imposed is a crime of violence, as is the case here, the

court must personally address the family members and relatives of

deceased victirns, permit them to be present at the sentencing

hearing, and determine whether they wish to make a statement or

present any information in relation to the sentence. After

imposing sentence in a case which has gone to trial on a plea of

not guilty, the defendant must advise the defendant of his right

to appeal. After imposing sentence In any case, the court must

advise the defendant of his right to appeal the sentence. If the

defendant is unable to pay the cost of an appeal the judge will

advise him that he rnay seek leave to appeal iri forma ~aunea,

and thereby be able to appeal without paying court costs. A

written judgment of conviction whish sets forth the verdict, the

adjudication and the sentence of the court is signed by the judge

and entered by the clerk of court.

35. The defendant has a statutory right of appeal from a

conviction in the District Court to a United States Court of

Appeals, which is also referred to as a Circuit Court. The

appeal rnay be based on pretrial or trial rulings by the districtcourt, prosecutorial errors, jurisdiction, statutory defects or

the sufficiency of the evidence. The court of appeals is a court

of review, and not a trial de novn. There are 12 Circuit Courts

of Appeal which hear appeals from criminal cases aver a

particular geographic area or "Circuit." The relevant circuit

for appeals £rom the United States District Court for the

District of Columbia, is the United States Court of Appeals for

the District of Columbia Circuit, which afso sits in Washington,

D.C.

36. Appeals in the Circuit Courts are heard by panel of

three Circuit Court judges. At the appellate level, the

attorneys for governrnent and the defense file written briefs

based upon the record of proceedings the district court. The

panel of Circuit Court Judges w311 subsequentlyhear oral

argument, in which both sides are represented by counsel, and

questions are frequentlyposed ts counsel. After oral argument

the case is submitted for decision which requires a vote of two

of the three judges for affirmance or reversal. The rnajority

will then file a written opinion setting forth the basis for the

decision. Eitherparty may petition the full court to rehear the

case with a suggestion that the case be reheard A

party does not have a right to have the case heard before thetuPl court, which in the case of the District of Columbia Circuit

consists of 11 judges in regular service, and these hearings are

knfrequent .

37. A defendant whese conviction has been affirmed by a

panel circuit judges, and who has either not sought rehearing gr^

banc, or had his petition denied, may petition the Supreme Court

of the United States to review the decision of the United States

Circuit Court. The petition, called a "Writ of Certiorari," and

is not an appeal of right, and must dernonstratea Constitutional

or federal issue meriting review. ff the Supreme Court

determines to heax the case it will grant the Petition for Writ

of Certlorari, and the case proceeds through briefing and oral

argument on the merits. If the petition is denied, the decfsion

a£ the circuit court below is affirmed. Exhibit 7

United States Code, Title 18, Section 32 (Destruction of aircraft
or aircraft facilitles)

United States Code, Title 18, Section 844 (Malicious destruction
of property used in or affectinginterstateor foreign commerce,
causing deaths)

United States Code, Title 18, Section 2332 (Terrorist murders of
United States nationalsoutside the United States; this section
was codified as United States Code, Tltle 18, Section 2331 until
October 29, 1992)

United States Code, Title 18, Section 371 (Conspiracy to commit
criminal offense) 1995 EDITION

FEDERAL

CRIMINAL CODE

and

RULES

as amended toFebruary1,1995

RuleGovemingHabeasCorpusCases
RuleGoverninMotionAitackingSentence
RulesofEvidence
RulesoAppellateProcedute
Rdes oSrtpremCouroftheUnitedStates

Titi18,CrimesandCriminal ocdure
App.I-Unlawfulhion orReceipt of Fimarms
App.II-InterstaAgreementonDetainers
App.IIE-Classified InformRocdures Act
Titl15,Sectio1n44, Frauddet seofCredit Car&
Etle 21,Chapter3Dmg Abuse ReventioandConml
Title26-ter 53,MaehineGuns,DestmctivDeeviceand
CertaiOtherFuem
Sections720to7217-Rocdure & Adminisrnion,
Crimua
Etle28,Chaptc58,Unite StaieSentenciCommission

Chapte153,Hk Corpus
Chapit175,CivilCornmirmeand Rehabilitatofn
Nd Mdicta
Tide31,Chapra53,Subch .lRecordsandReporton Monetary'
mnta Tramactions
Ti& 41,WOM 51to58,Anri-kickbakctof1986
Titl46 App.,Chaptc38,Maitirnhg LawEniorcement
Rtle49,WOM llS,46306 to44316,&46501 to46507,
FederalviatioCriminalenalties

. .
.. I
' @TmPAUL, YINN.
WEBT PUBLIBHING CO. AïRCRAFï AND MCYMR VEHICLES

4 32. Destntction of aircmfi orai&ki~i-
tiea (1)performsanad of viole+te anyindi-
viduaon boafdany aii.Paft in a
(a)Whwver WllFuUy- countryother thatheUnitedStam whilesuch
(1)setsh m, dam- destroya,diaables,or BirPaftisinightilsuchacLshely toendanger
wecksany~inthes~aiirraftjurisdic- thesafetofthat
tionotheUnitedStateor anarr ilerafu& (2)destmysa &ilaircr aZt- in smun-
opetatek or employedintmibte, or ay otherthatheUnitedStatewhileaucaireraft
foPeigaicorn-; isinsemiceorcausesdaÏnagtosuch an
(2) plaws omuaestabeplad a Wmdve wbh rend= that aircr anapabieof flight or
deviceor~batanoein,upon,o~H~tO,or whichislikelytoendaiitertM s safetin
otherwiseakeaor awea tabemode unworkable rii%G
orunusableor~ouatp~or~any~ tabe phcd on a Ûviair-
airrr orfany partar othmmaw uaedar cd(3registeffb ammtry otk thantheUnit4
btendedtobeued in conneftionwitheO* StsteswhilesucaireraRiinde, adenceor
tionofsuch&cm& ifsuehplacinorcushg tD substancwhkh isiikelytod&mytha tircraffor
bepiawdorsuehmakinga*cauaingtobemPdeia toause damagetathatahdt wtiiemndem tbat
likeltaendange te dety ofany sucahrreroft; aVcrs Rncapableof Bight orwhiis likel&
(3)setslk to,dmqe~, ordisables endangerthataircra£safetinWt; or
any ainavigationfaciliw,orinterbyfameor
violencwitbtheoperationosu& hdity,iiifch
firedamaguig, estmyia,isab-, orintedering
islikelytoeadsngerZhes3fetyofanywichatirrait,, iftheoffenderialater fmd intheUniûd
inflight; Sa&, be hned underthi sitie crrimprisonotù
(4)dththelnmt todmap, chmy, ordiidlel mow thaamens y-, or hth
. my auchairer aRtfir eodamgm ddmys, (elWhwer wWuUy impairtaor mmp any
ordisabl orsplam a deamcriw devi oec6 tkt t4do anactwhichwdd viola& anyofpara-
stanceinupan,orin prarclmitanyapphm!w graphil(1thmugh (51of suMn (a)or anyof
Sm-, =mp, landingaresm, mnrhine pmgmphs (1)hugh (3)of aubsecti(bof tfiis
orappamtw, oranyfadhy or0th-makdd wd, seetiotnita nappareatde-tion and 4 to
CS intendeto be used,incwmeüon withthe carr he thmatinteaxm&ion shalblfine under
operatio&maintenancoadbg,anl* rn star- thititi@orUnprisoneootmm tha nie yearç,r
ageof any suehaiirraor4 aqp euried or Wh.
intendetabe earrieonany anchPiFarit; (MdedJdy 14.1956586,91.70 SEiU.5andamended
(5) perfarmsanutof~mgai~&orinco- O& 4 1% N.L. -75, TitlIeIP201rn)98 SW
pacitab any individuon my srilirbiL if 8181NW. ia ~SBm.u. 1ww, TW YU.P 7016 OP
suchactof violenQT ' b akel o SUL a Sept 13.199hbL 1- IWe XXXIII.
en- ciwdety sd= 4rn16(1XO),(SI,Q3SM 2148) ch40 EXPLOSIVEMATERIALS 18 9844

resultstaany personincludinany publisafity
officer perforrnduties aadirectorpmiàmate
resultofconductprohibitbythi ub-on, shd
4 844. Penalties be Imprisonedfor notmarethanmnty ye- or
(a)Any person who violatessuWonç (a) hed underth titlor bothandIfdeathmdts to
through (of section84of thichaptershd be any -on, includinganypublicsafeto&cerper-
finedunderthtitleorimprisonnotmorethanten formuigdutiesas a direcor pmxkmte dt of
years,rboth. ccinductrohibitedbythufisdon. shallbesubject
Ib)Any personwhoviolatesanotheprovisioof to hp-nment for any tem of years, orthe
sectio842ofthi haptersW be hed underthis deathpenaQ' or tolife imp&nment.
htior imprisonednomorethanoneyearo,rbth (elWhwer, throughthe useof themail, kie-
(c)(lAny exploemrnw~ inwived oU& or phone.blegraph,orotiier instrumofcommerce,
mteiidedtk usedinanyviolationtheprovisions "üfull~ makes anY*L or -0~1~ conveys
ofthichapteror anyothede or regdatiopr+ cerning=-aamPtbdor thammPt king de,con-
mulgatedthereundeoranyviolatioofanyminid
faw of the subj& Qr made, damageror~WYidatanYmdingtdual
and lorfeiture, and provisionof the Intenialveh"le,or 0-r or wmd
RevenueCodeofi9ÿirelatingtotheseinof,rfei- of f" Or >r €%$4SiVe5hd b2 ÜIlprisonfor flot
*, anddispibonoffirwirmsas in&n ma* thanfivyeam orfineunderthi stieorboth.
ofbt code, s~, so laiae appwle, IO Whoever makiody damagesor destrop,or
sionsofthichapter.dforfeim unde rhe prmi- atternptadamage or de-, by means oh or
andosive, any bd*. vehiclorottiepersod
(2)~otwithstandi-ph (1)uithe OZ Qr* POP- in Orin -4 pcaseseed
forh&- thema-yexplmuidematerifoanfodei- 0' ~ Yor Uniw Sw
dement or ageneythemoi.or anymtion or
in -h iwodd be hpmle or omtion --g Federal -4 .
deovettostorthem,oapsei&gfofnee rayd-y be beimprisod fornotmore thm #)yearsfined
the fOdwith -ction thegreateorthe üneunderthisitlorthe cosof
underthi smh W & in thpreeeneeofat mmg or Wmg anypropertthatisdama@
lemt 1 hble mess, ~h ahd O'd~~yed,' orbathd, ifpeftod injuryresdb
de areportoftheseieurandtpke-- asthe =Y Pmn inddg any pubk de@ ofncer
perfomingduüesasa dires orpxhte resuttof
-w NY by -n P-' conductprohihiid thipubeetboaW k impris-
13)W1thjn60 daysafkr gny deii- made oyi for notmon Lh.atnintyeam arhed under
punuanr ppRgraph(21 t,h. thisitlore.othand if dearesuittoanyperson.
any personkamg an in)the so hcludhganypublie&ty offtcerpfodng duti~
dem~ed maY 'PF'~O~ to mtarY , di- orpm-h resdt of condupmh~ted
reimbursemenotf thvaliioftheppW- ifthe by be&jeet tDimPrisonmenr
ciaima estabüshestathe &&tw fw,y&mofy-ottothedeathwtyorto
tary- lifimpriaoment.
(A) thmww ud ar -M @Hl) EqA aaprona inpmgmgh (2)wt#iev-
ina violatioflaw;or eiposbeseeaan~einan~PirpOItissubject
(B)anyunlawfulinhtcrrusedkprop toth*.egulntoryau~ofthF~A~n
was *+thouthe daiimnt'aImwaedee. Ad- 'on,orinany~ia~orinpprt
sentorwilfulb w aiRDed,~wusedby,orlePsed~,theUnit-
tbesmmtaryahUmkera~totbadrtmuit dS-ww&~totw=fthereof,.e*-
rwtexcwsbgtbeorhied~pro~ae~r~ cept*&thewri#eaw-tofthem,m-
(d)Whgnr-a&or-t. =~o~~=pnon=w-fo~*~
minsportar irbeciPa,'n - me"tafaià~oraVpoit,ihllbe~d
,, uy - a intclit fm~~~heYMOF~hth.titk.
thstitwiUbe~toki&~~tintimidrtemy orbotb.
& d ~ o r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p o y (2)The-ofh-shrllwtbe
~,vehide,ototherreJor~~, -*
shnllbeimprisonedfarnotmumth8mtcn~~ CA)thewon ofammudian h~ thattenn
5ndunderthtstitle,orbath;difpiwwrl~ isdennedinregStbti8issuedp113~~ittO~

F1-'-'---1l-*4uab
,SB CRIMES
Part 1

ehapteinanaYporttktis eubjtotheregula- foundortheinformatisinstiiuM withiyears
torauthodyofîheFe- AviationAdmWtm- aRerthedateon*ch the o&ensewasconunitteà.
if -won eitheri* bag* (jForthepurpasoessuwons (dl,le),(f),I&),
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offenseundthiw1-npihd tanktheindietméitapl

hr-"-&-d-~~Tm&lIU*a
624 Ch. 1138

-
3 2331. Detmitions 1 3 2332. Criminalptnaltla
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oftheni^ stah osofaay tat orth& desthorunpknment forMY tenaofyearsor far
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(4)thetermuaetofwar"mePnsany~~- im~nedformyteimof~orforlife,orboth
ringin the courf-e sofin& andso Uiipriscned.

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ken declared,betwemtwoOrmOre nationsor Stateengage snph* trio-
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forany offensdescrlbein îhbmxüa dudik
undertakenbytheUnitedSt~tee~~epton written
~cationdtheAttwwyGencnlarthehigbest
resp0mibiiiforgimirrPgmm&hnug Gtbitin the
judgmentof thecertify ofng, meh OnensewasCh. 113B

(AddedPub.L. 94-!iïtXII ,=(a), hg. 271986,
100 SU 896,1 2331aud amendd W.L. 101619,
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rv , 402~pr.IO,1991,05su 156;PU~L. 1tma6,
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(Asnmendedept U 1% M.L. 1- 'Iii=TE.
5 330016(1XL).StP 147.1 Exhibit 8

Letter dated 20 December 1991 £rom the PermanentRepresentative
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northe'rn Ireland to
the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General
{United Nations Document A/46/826-~~23307; 31 December 1991)NATIONS
P
--
Distr.
General Aesernbly Çecurity Council GENERAL

A/46/826*
S/23307*

ORIGINAL: ENGLXSH

GENERAL AÇÇ-LY SECURITY COUNCIL
Forty-sirth session Forty-sirth.year

Agenda item 125 1
MEASURES TO PREVENT INTEEtNATfONU
TERRORISM WHICH ENDANGERS OR
TARES INNOCENT HUMAE 3fVES OR
JEOPARDIZES FUNDAMENTAL EREEDOm
AM) STüDY OF THE UNDERLYING

CAUSES OF THOSE FONS OF
TERR~RISM AND bCTS OF VIOLENCE
WHICH LIE IN MISERY, FRUSTRATION,
GRIEVAHCE AND DESPATR AND WICW
CAUSE SOME PEOPLE TO SACRIFICE
HLTMANL~VES, INCLUOI NFIEIR OW,

IN AN ATTEKFT TO EFFECT RADICAL
CHANGES

Letter datcd 20 Recember a991 from the Permggent epreseatat ive
* .
pf the United nadom of Great Bratain aadra - Ireland to
ionsaddressed to the Secretatv General

1 have the honour to enclose:

(a) The text of the statement made by the Lo~d Advocate of Scotland on
14 November 1991 relating to the investigation into the destruction of a
Pan Am airlines over Seotlandon 21 December 1988 with the loss of 270 lives
(annex 1):

The text of the Foreign Çecretary's statement on the matter in the
(b)
British Houses of Parliamenton 14 November 1991 (annea II);

This communication is reissuedat the requestof the Permanent
Missionof the United Kingdomof Great Britain and Notthetn Ireland to the
United Nations. A/ 46/826
S/23307
English

Fage 3

Announcement bv the Lord Advocate of Srotland an 14 November 1991

The Loekerbie investigationhas now been in progress for almost three
years. In the reeent months the Lockesbie investigation team headed by the
Chief Constable of Dumfries and Galloway Mr. George Esson and the Senior
TnvestigatiagOfficer Chief SuperintendentStuart Hendersonhave beea
reporting to the Procuratos Fiscal on the rasults of the investigation.

1 have coneluded
In consultation witb the United States Attorney General
there is sufficientevidence to justify application to the Court for warrants
for the arreat of named iridividuals. 1 instrueted the Proeurator Fiscal at
Dumfries to maks the aeeesiarp applicationto tha Sbsriff and yssterday
Mr. MaeDougall obtafned from hfm the grant of warrants for Che arrest of two
Libyan nationals cn chargea of conspiracy,murder and contraventionof the
Aviation Security Act 1982-

The tro aecussd are AMslbaset Ali Mohntsd A1 Megrahf and
Al Am3a Khalifa Fhfmah.

It is alleged that Magrahiis a sanfor officer of the Libyaa Intelligence
Services,holdingpositionswith Lfbyan Arab kirlines and as Director of the
Centre for Stsategfc Studias in Tripoli at the tirne of thesa offencea.

It is alliged that Phimsh was also an officer 05 the Libyan Xntelligeace
Servicei, holding a position as Station Officet with Libyan Arab Airlines in
Malta.

The first charge in the petitionia that imtrrsen 1 Januory 1985 and
21 Decembsr 1988 at the premfrei occupiid by Maqrahi and by the Eibyaa

IntelligenceServices, in Tripolk,Libya, at a special forcestraining area,
Sabha, Libya, at the prsmiseis oceupiedby th* firrn Mebo 4 at the Novapark
Hotal, Zurich, Switrsrland, at the Holiday Inn and the tibyaa Cultural Centre.
bath in Sliema,Malta, at tihe housi oceupied by Fhimah at 3 St. John's Flat,
Mosta, Malta, at Luqa Airport. Malta, arrd at the Lsbyan People's Bureau, East
Berlin, German Democratic Ripublic, zmd elaewhars in Libya, Malta,

Suitzerland, C~schoslovakfaand the German DemocraticRepublic.

Being rnambsra of the Libym Intelligence Services, and in particular
Megrahi beinq the Head of Security of Libyaa Arab Airlines and thereafter
Pitector of tbs Centre for Stratsgic Studies, Tripoli, Libya and Fhirnah beinq
the Station Manager of Libyan Arsb Airlines in Malta.

Did conspiretogetker and with others to furtherthe purpusesof the
Libyan Intelligence Servicesby criminslmeans, namsly the commission cf acts
of terrorisrn direetsd againstnatioaalsand the interests of othet eountries

and in particular the destruction of s civilpassemgerairersft and murder of
its occupants. A/46/826
S/23307
Engl içh

Page 4

And, in pursuance of the conspiracy. while acting in concert together and
with others

(a) Between 1 January 1985 and 31 December 1985, at the premises

occupied by Hebo Ag. in Zurich, at the premises of the Libyan Intelligence
Services, in Tripoli, at the Libyan People's Bureau, East Berlin and
elsewhere, they did order. cause ta be manufactured and obtain from the firm
of Mebo Ag twenty eleetronic timers capable of detonating explosive devices;

(b) Between 1 January 1985 and 31 Juïy 1986 at the special forces
training area at Sabha, Libya, they did cause the effectivenessof sueh tirners

to br tested in conjunction with explosives;

le) Between 20 March 1986 md 31 December 1988, within the offices of
Libyan Atab Airlines at Luqa Airport, Malta, and at the said Cibyan Cultural
Centre, Çliema,and elsewhera in Malta they dkd have in their possession and
undrr their control a quaatlty of hiqh performanceplastic explosive;

(d) Between 31 July 1987 and 21 December 1988, nithin the premises
qccupied by Meh Ag, in Zurich they did establish and maintain a pretended
business under the name Abh as a cover for the operations of the Libyan
IntelligenceServices;

Cal On 20 Februaty 1988 at Dakar Airport,Senegal, they did cause one of

these timers, together wfth other components of an improvised explosive
deviee, includkng a quaatityof high petforma~ce plastic erplosivei and a
firearm and ~aunition, to ba introduced iato Semgal for terrotist purposes;

If) Between 1 Septembsr 1988 ad 21 Decembar 1988, at Eucharistie
Congress Road, Malta, they did establishand maintain a prbtended business to

bs knaunas arrd undet the nama of bd Tours or Mudtours Services Limited, as a
cover for the opsrationsof the Libyan Intslligsnei Sesvicesa

(g) Betwasn 1 aad 20 Dscembsr 1988, at the premisss occupied by Meh Agl
in Zurich at the prsmisanoccupied by Megrahi and by the Libpan Intelligence
Serviçes, in Tripoli end ils~wheta in Switrerland and Libya they did osder and

attempt ta obtai~ deliveryof farty further such timcirs fsom the firm of
Msbo Aqr

(h) Bstwama 1 and 21 Decsmbsr 1988, a+ Luqa Airport*Malta, or elsewhere
in Malta thsy did urtlawfully acquiraairline luqgage tags;

(il On 7 bcembss 1988 in the shop pramisasknown as Mary's Housi at
Touer Boad, Sliema,Malta, thsy did purchase a quantity of clothiagand an
umbrella:

Ij) On 20 Dscembsr 1988 at Lwqa Airport.Halta, mgraiai did enter Malta
using a passportia the falss name of Ahmed XhaZifa Abdusamad and they did
cause a suitcasa to ba introduced to Maità; A1461826
SJ23307
English
Page 5

(k) On 20 and 21 December 1988 Megrahi did reside at the Holiday Inn,
Sliema, Malta, under the false identity of Ahmed Khalifa Abdusamad; and

(1) On 21 Decembet 1988 at Luqa Airport. they dia place or cause to be
placed on board an aiscraft of Air Malta Flight KM180 to Frankfurt Am Main

Airport, Federal Republic of Germany. the suitcase or a similar suitcase
containinq clothing and umbrella and an impsovised explosive device containing
high perfermaace plastic explosive concealed with a radio cassette recorder
and ptogtzmmed to be detonated by one of the electronic timers, having tagqed
or caused sueh suitcase to be tagged so as ts be carrisd by aircraft from
Frankfust Am Main via Coadon, Heathrow Airport to New York, John P. Kennedy

Airport.

And such suiteaie rra$ thuscarried to Prankfurt Am Main Airport aa'd there
placed on board an aireraft of Pan American World ~irwaysFlight PAZ03A and
carriad to tondoa. Heathrow Airpart and tbers, in turn, placed oa board an
a&rgrpft..qP.Pan $merioan World Ai~ays FLight PA102 to Hew York,
John P. Kennedy ~ir~oit.

4 ,
And the fmpf&ised expiosive dsvice detoaated and exploded on board the
airaraft fli&t.~bl03 whila in flight aear to Cockerbie, whereby the aireraft
was dsstroyd ad& thd wrtekqe erashed to the grouud and the 259 passeagess
MU crewad f.LGisoZdent'sof Cacket6ic hereaf were killed and they did rnurder

them.

The second alternativecharge is one of murder on a more restricted basis.

The third alternativecharge is that being members of the Libyan
IntelligenceServices amd having,while acting in concert with others, formed

a erimiaal purpose to destropa civil passengeraircraft and murder the
accupants and having obtainedpossessionof and tested the effectiveness of
eleetronic timers and being ia possession of and haviag under thekr eontrol a
quaatity of high psrfommm33 plastic explosive, they did on and batween the
dates and at the places and by the means stated in the second charge

unlavfullyand inteationallydestroy the aircraft id service and commit an
board the aircraft km flight aets of violence which were likelp to and did
endanger the safety of the aisctaft, in respect that they did murder those
270 persona: contraty to the Aviation Sseurity Act 1982, Section 2(1) and (5).

80th aecussdors belisved to be in Libya. The warrantswill be
circulated through Interpol but it is eonsidered unlikely that they will be
arrsated in ths nomal way. & demand is being made to Libya for the surrender
of these msn for trial.

A simultaneous announcemant is being made in Washington by Attorney

Osneral Bart following on the handing dom of an indietmentby a Grand Jury in
Washington. The terms of the United States indictmeatand the Scottish
petitionhave ben dram up in fullconsultation. Differences between the
indietmentand petition are explained by differencesin our leqal systemr and

procedures and I would wish to make it clear that we are in full agreement onb/46/826
Si23309
English
Page 6

the alleqations made, The charges are ossentially identical and are in
respect of the oame two accused persons.

This does not mark the end of the police investigation,although it
plainly marks the most important publie development to date in this unique
criminal inquiry. 1 would wiah to pay tributs to the outstanding work and

ongoing conunitment shown by many police officers and agenciesnot only in this
country but throughout ths world in their determined efforts to selve this
crime.

1 would wish to make particularmention of the extraordinarywork dons by
forensic scientista and other speeialists.

1 remain comitted to bring this matter to a proper conclusion in a Court
of Law whether it is to be in this country or in the United States.

I must rernind the media that for the purposes of the Conternpt of Court
Act 1981 proceedings beeams active rhsn SherfffBarr grarited warrants for

arrest. The Chief Constable and I cannot and wlll not cornant on the evidenee
on rhich these charges are based. A/46/826
S/23307
Engliçh
Page 7

Sf;ptemkat bv the Foreian Secretarv. The Rt. Hoa. Douslas Hurd,
in the House of Cornons, 14 November 1991

Mr. Speaker,

With permission,1 should like to make a statsment about the conclusion
of the Lockerbie investigation and its implications.

My noble and learned friend the Lord Advocate has today anaounced the
issueaf warrants for the arrest of two Libyan IntelligenceOfficers against
wborn, on the basis of the evidence available, the Proeurator Fiscal has

brought charges alleqing thait involvernent in the destructio~of Pan Am
Flight 103 on 21 Decembsr 1988. The Ameriean authorities have takea similar
action.

Two huridrsd saventy people wsre killed at Lochsrbis, 66 of them British.
The relatives aad friands of these victims have suftered and continue to
The Housewilf bs thinking of them today.
suffer great pain and sorrow.

Mr. Speaker, as the Lord bdvocata has said a demand ia being made of th*
Libyu authotitissfor the aurrsndar of the accused to stand trial. 1 repeat
that demand on behalf of the whle Government. 1 know the House will
unreservedly sadorne it.

Ths accuaatiansleivelled nt Libyan officials are of the gravest posslblm
kind. As the warrants which the Lord kdvocate vil1 be making public make
clear, the chargesallsgs that the individuals acted as part of a conspiracy
to furthsr tha purposea of tbs Libyan IntelligancsServices by criminal maaai,
and that those means were acts of terrotism, Th5s was a mass murder, which ii

alleged to involve the organs of goveramtent of a State. Libyan officials hava
been accused of thii crimenot only in Çcotlaad uad Amarica but also in Frsnca
wheri arriatwarrantswere issuedon 30 Octoùer over the destructionof
Flight UTA 772 In Septsmbmr 1909. We are consultingtha United States and
other friendlp goveramants, many of whom lost national8 in Flight Pan Am 103.
&out ~he nuxt 'stepi,

1 un&rstaad that the investigationhas revealed no evidence to support
suggestion of involveaisnt by other countries. This matter doea not therefors
affect our relations with other countries in the reqion.

Let me pay tributs to al1 of those whosa untkrinqwork under the
direction of the Lord Advoeate over alrnost thtee years bas produced this
rimarkabla eutcom. In partieular, 1 saluts the rork of the Dumfries and
GallowayConstabulary, and al1 those in many parts of the world who have
helped with the qatùsringof evidsnee aad information. The Governmenti:

gtateful for al1 the help givea tu investigationin many countries.l

A/46/826
S/23307
Engl ish
Page 8

We expect Libya to respond fully to our demand for the surrender of the I
accused. The interests of justice require no less. This fienâish act of
wiekedness cannot be passed over or ignored. MNEX III

Statement issusd bv the British Government on 27 November 1991

Follouing the issue of warrants against two Libpan officials for theis
involvement in the Lockerbit atrocity, the Goverment demanded of Libya the
surrenderof the two aecused for trial. We have so far received no
satisfactory response from the Libyan authorlties.

The British and American Goverme~ts today declare that the Government of
Libya must:

- Surrender for trial al1 those charged with the crime: and aeeept
complete responsibllity for the actions of Libyaa offieisls.

-
Disclose al1 it knows of this crime, including the nmer of a11
those responsibls,sud allou full access to al1 aritnesses, documents
and other material evidence, includinq all the remainiaqtimers,

- Pay appropriata compensation.

Wa are co~vsying our dsm~ds to Libya through the Italians, as our
protnctinqpowr.
We expect Libya to eomply promptly and in full. Exhibit 9

Letter dated 20 December 1991 from the Permanent Representative
of the United States of America to the United Nations addressed
to the Secretary-General
(UnitedNations Document ~/46/827-S/23308; 31 December 1991)UNITED
NATIONS

GeneralAssernbly Security Council Distr.

GENERAL

A/46/82T*
S/23308*

31 December 1991

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

SEmIm COUNCïL
GENEBAL hSSEMBLY
Forty-sirth session Porty-sixth year
Agenda item 125
MEASURES TO PREVENT INTERNATIONkL
TEBBOBIÇM WHICH EHDANGERS OR
TAXES INHOCENTHUMAN LIVES OR

JEOPARDIZEÇ PZTNDAMENTA FREEDOMS
AND STUDY OF THE UNDERLYINC
CAUSES OF THOSE FOW OF
TERRORISM AHD ACTS OF VIOLENCE
WXICB LIE IN MISERY, FRUSTRATION,
GRIEVMCE AND DESPAIR AND mICH

CAUSE $OMS PEOPLE TO SACRIFICE
HüMU LIVES, INCLüDING THEIR OWN,
IN AH ATTEMfT TO EFFEm RADICAL
CHANGES

Uer dated 20 December 1991 £tom the Permanent ~eoresentative
~f the United States of Amet
th* SecreUKy -General

1 have the hoaour to enclose the following text:

(a) Statemnt of the Goverment of the United States regarding the
bombinq of Pan h 103:

(bj Joint declaration of the United States and United Kingdom.

1 shauld bs qrotrful if you would have thia letter and its enclosure
circulated as an official document of the General Assernbly, under agenda
item 125, and of the Seeurity Couacil.

(Sianed) Thomas R. PICKERING

This communleationi$ reissuedatthe repuestofthePermaneat
Mission of the United States of America to the United Hations.

91-42802 2727~ (E)A/46/827
S/23308
English
Page 2

m b b
on 27 Novernber 1991 reaardina the bombina of Pan Am 103

After the indictments were handed doun on 14 November we conveyed thernto
the Libyan regime. We have also consulted closely vlth the Governmeats of
France and the United Kingdom and in concert with those two Governments we

have the followi~g two declarations to present publiely today.

JOIHT DECLAEtATION OF THE UNITED STATES AHI) UNITED KINGDOM

The British and Ameriean Governments todap deelare that the Goverment of

Libya must:

- surrender for trial all those chorged with the crime: and accept
responsibilityfor the actions of tibyan officiais:

- disclooe al1 it knows of this crime, includingthe names of al1
those respansible.and allow full access to al1 witaesses. documents
and other matetial evidence, iacludinq'all the remainiag timers;

- pay appropriate compensation.

We expect tibya to comply promptly and in full. Exhibit 10
Letter dated 20 December 1991 £rom the Permanent.Representative
of France to the United Nations addressed to the
Secretary-General
(United Nations Document A/46/825-~/23306; 31 December 1991) UNITED
NATIONS
1

Distr.
1 GeneralAssembly Security Council GENERAL

a-& A/46/825*
S/23306*
31 December1991
ENGLISH
ORIGINAL: FRENCH

GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL
Forty-sixth session Forty-sirth yeat
Agenda item 125
MEASURES TO PREVENT INTFRNATIOl?AL
B TERRORfÇM WWÏÇH EHDANGERSOR
TAKES INHOCENT HWAN LIVESOB
JEOPARDIZEÇ FCMDAMENTAL FREEDOMS
AHD STUDY OP THE WDERLYIHG
I CAUSES OF THOSE FORS OF
TERROBISM MD ACTSOF VIOLEICE
WHfCH LIE IN MISERY, FRUSTRATION,
I GRIEVANCE DESPAIR AHDWHIÇH
CAUSE SOM3 PEOPLETO'SACRXPICE

HUMAW LIVES, IHCLUDIHG THER ûWH,
IN AH ATTEMPT TO EFPECT RADICAL
CHAHGES

Letter dated 20Pscember 1991 £rom the Permanent
Re~resentat.ivof France t~ the Wted Nations
addressed to theSecretarv-Genera1

T have thehonour to transmithereuith the text of a çomuniqué £rom the
Presidency of the French Bapublicand the Ministryof Foreign Affairs
conceraing the judickal inquiry conductedon the attack on the UTA DC-10 of
19 Septembet 1989.

1 I shouldba grateful ifyou would have this letter and its anner
circulated ai an officialdocument of the Geaeral Assembly, under agenda
item 125,and of the Security Counekl.

(Siunedl Jean-Bernard MERIMEE

* This cornunicationis reisswd at the tequest of thePermanent
Mission of France to the United Nations.A/46/825
5123306
English

Page 2

Çommunisué frorn the Presidencv of the French Repvblic

The judicial inquiry codducted with regard to the attack on the
UTA DC-10, whieh resulted in 171 deathç on 19 September 1989 places heavy
presumptions of guiLt for this odious crime on several Libyan natioaals.

Aecordingly, following the summoning of the Ambassador of Cibya to France
by the Ministeraf Çtate, Minister for Foreign Affairs, the French Goverment
reiterates its demand that the Libyan authoritiescooperateimediately,

effectivelyand by al1 possiblemeans wkth French justice in order to help to
establish responsibility for this terrorist act.

Ta that end, Francs calls upon Libya:

- To ptoduce a11 the material eviàence in Its possession and to
facilitateaçeess to al1 documents that might be useful for

establishing the truth.

- Te facilitate tha necessarycontacts and meetings, inter alia, for
the assembly ef uitnesses.

- To authosize the responsible Libyan officiais to respond to any

request made by the exminkng maqistrate responsible for judicial
information. Exhibit 11

Letter dated 20 December 1991 from the PermanentRepresentatives
Irelandaand the United States of America Btotathe UnitedoNations
addressed to the Secretary-General
(United Nations Document ~/46/828-~/23309; 31 December 1991)UNITED
NATIONS

GenerelAssembly SecurityCouncil Distr.

GEHEBAL

ORIGINAL: ENGLISR

GEHEU ASSEEI&LY
Porty-sitthies8ion

Agenda item 125
MI5ÀsUBEST0 PRmEm InTE5!HrnïOHAL
TERBORISM WHICff-ANGERS OB
TUES IHXOCEHT HUMAH LIVES 08
YEOFAEDIZES FUHD-IrL PBBE-
AND STUDY OP THE UHDEBlirIIiiG
CAUSES O? THOSE POW OF

TEBBORISM AHD ACTS OF VIQLEiJCK
HafCH LIE IiF MISEBY, PBUSTEATfOlS.
GEIEUÀMCE A1SPDESPAIR AIIDmICH
CAUSE Sm FEOP- IY)SXRLFfCE
HUMAblLIVES, fHCLUDfl3G=TB OPI#,
XH AliATT- TO EDPECT EUDICAL
CHÀLïGES

We have the homur to eireukats hsrerith the tert of a tripartite
declatationon tertorirpissusdby out thras Govsrnments on Z7 13ovember
followingth@ 2nvestigatiom into the bombings of flighti Fan hn 103 and
UT1 772.

Thiscoariiunicationisr~issuedatthe rsguestof thiPemanent
Hissions of Francs, the UnitedKingdomof Great Brita5n and lFotthernIreland
and the United Stator of Amsriea to the United listions,A146/828
S123309
English
Page 2

WEIshouldbs grateful if you muld have this letter and its anne=
eirculated ai a doeumat of khe General Asssmbly, udar agenda item 125, ana
of the Security Couacil.

( Jean-Bernard P.H .P. MES!IM&E (Sigzwl) David EUùlNAY
Permanent lepsesentativeof France PermanentRepresentative of

to the United Bations the United Kingdom of Great
Britainand lerthern Ireland
to the United Nations

(w) Thomas B. PICKERING
PeraiaPenf Represeatatkve of the

Wnitsd States of Amsricato the
United Hationa Ai46/828
Si23309
English
Page 3

Peclaratiori of the Unit. . -tes of hriea, Fr=*
eat Brrtgia on terrorisq

The threm States reaffitm thair complrte conâsmuation af terroriem in al1
ita forms and danouncm ony complicity of Statei in tsrtor5sm aeti. The three
States reaffirm thsir conmitment to put an end to terroriam.

They consider that the rsspoesibilftp of States begini rhibamver they take

part ditectly in tcirrorist actioni, or idirectly thropgh harbouring,
training, providinqfaeilitiss, arming or providipgfinancial supit, or any
form of proteetion,and that they are responsibïsfor thair actions bufore the
individualStatesand tàe United Hatia~s.

in this connaction. followinqthe inventigationearriedout ipto tha
bombings of Pan Am 103 amd DTA 772 the thrsa States hava pressntd spscific
demanda to the Libyan autboritiea telatid to the judicialprocsdures tbt ara

under way. They tequira that Libya coisplp with a11 thasa demmâs, and, in
additioa, that LJbya c-it itsslf consretely aad dsfinitivcilp to ceare al1
forma 'oftarroriit action and al1 aisistanceto terrorist groupa. Li-a mat
promptly, by concrets actions. provo iti zsnyseiationof terrorim, Exhibit 12

Letterdated 17 November 1991 from the Permanent Representative
of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressedto
the Secretary-General
(UnitedNations Document A/46/660-~/23226; 20 November 1991)UNITED
NATIONS

$'a &neI rai Assembiy Security Council Distr.
b GENEBAL
'!!a-&
à/46/660
Sf23226
20 November 1991
ENGLIÇH
ORIGINAL: ARABIÇ

GENERU ASSEMBLY SECUBXTY COUNCIL
Forty-sixthsession Forty-sixth year
Agenda item67
STRENGTBE3lINOF SECURITYAND COOPERATIOH
IN TEEMEDITERElANEA NEGIOH

MT. Ibrahim M. Bishari,SacratsryofethsiPaoplm'sCornmitteofdtheyPeople's
Bureau forForeignLiaiion and InternationalCooparatioa concsrniagtha
Britishand United Stateuutatemsntr sccusingwhat they called"Libyan

elsments"of rerponsibilityfor the distressingincidentof the cramhof a
United StatesPan ka aircraftin 1988.

f8Bould be gratefulif you would have thislettsr circulatedas an
offlcialdocumentof the GsnsralAssamblyunder agenda item67, snd of the
SecurityCouncil. A/46/660
S/23226
English
Page 2

Annex

Letter from the Secretary of the People's Cornittee of the
People's Bureau for Foreian Liaison and International

Cooperation to the Secretarv-General

You have undoubtedly followed the statements issued by the Govesnmentr of
the United Kingdom and the United States af America accuçing what they have
called "Libyan elementç" of responsibility for the distressing incident of the

crash of the Pan Am aircraft in 1988. While we are astonished at the issuance
of such statements and the çtrong laquage in whieh they are couehed at a time
uhen the vorld is witnessiagan internationaldétente that has led to
reaunciation of the use of such language and such random flingingof
accusations, while we are astonished at that, we warn that such statements
stem from a premeditated intention to accuse the Great Jamahiriya and

undertake aggression against it. They unquestionably represent a great threat
to peace and security,not only in the region but throughout the uorld.

We categorically deny that the Great Jamahiriyahad any association with
that incident or that the Libpan authorities have any knewledge of its

perpetrators, and we reoffirm our condemation of internationalterrorisrn in
al1 its forms and extend the sympathy of the Libyan Ar& people to the
families of the victkms of the incident and express its solidarity with them.

The Great Jamahiriya is a small, developing country. It is subjected to
false accusations by the United States of America and the United Kingdom and,

consequently,reservss its right to self-defence bsfose the United Nations.
At the same time, it affirms its belief in the peaceful settlementof
disputes, as provided for in Article 33, paragraph 1, of the Charter,which
provides that the parties to any dispute "shall, first of àI1, seek a solution
by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial

settlement ...". The Great Jamahiriya is willing to resolvs any dif ference
between it and the United States af America and the United Kingdom by the
means provided for in this Article.

The threatening languagecontoined in the statements by the Goverments
of the United States of hwtiea and the United Kingdom are incompatible with

the spirit of the age in which we live, the age of $&ente and peaceful
coexistence, and is no longer the lmguage of coimnuaieation and dialogue
between civiliaednations. The alternative is adhsrence to the purposes and
peinciples of the Charter of the United Nations. 1 hereby affirm that the
competant authoritiesin the Great Jamahiriya adhere to the provisions of the

Charter, particularlyrith regard to the peaceful settlemeat of disputes. We
in the Great Jamahiriya are amaoed that the Governments of States that are
permanentmembers of the SecurityCouacil should direct suchbaseless
accusationsagainst a small State such as Libyo. k/45/660
S/23226
English

Page 3

Through you, Sir, we cal1 upan the United States of America and the

United Kingdom ta resort ta the language of dialogue and the logie of law,
wisdom and teason, as provided for in the Chartes. You will perceive, as you
have in the past perceived, the extent of the Great Jamahiriya's readiness to
cooperate in the conduct of any neutral and houest enguiry.

Raising issues as a means a£ propaqanda and escalating them in this way
rithout making any official contacts with the Libyan authosities and making
insinuations and tareats regarding the adoption of economic measures against
the Great Jamahiriya before completion of the legal procedures, coafims our
suspicion that these States seek only te intimidate us, It also recalls their

interventions in the course of events that we have mentioned.

In conclusion, we affirm to you our eondemnatioaof international
terrorism in al1 its forms, to which Cibya has fallen vietim more than once.
In 1983 a Libyan civilian aircraft was downed, and in 1986 the Great

Jamahirlya was subjected to direct milktary aggression.

Ibrahim M. BISRAI(1
Seetetary of the People's Cornittes

of the People's Bureau for Foreign Liaison
and International Çooperation Letter dated 20 November 1991 £rom the Permanent Representative
of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressed to
the Secretary-General
(UnitedNationsDocument ~/46/844-5/23416; 13 January 1992)UNITED
'NATIONS

General Assernbly Security Council Distr.

GENERAL
, .
A/46/844
S/23416
13 January 1992
ENGLISEI
ORIGIbTAL: ARABfC

GEHEU ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL
Forty-sixth session Porty-seventh year
Agenda item 125

MEASURES TO PRETEnT INTERNATIONALTERROBISM
WHICH ENDANGERSOR TAKES IHNOCEHT HüMhH
LIVES OB JEOPARDIZES PUHDAMENTAL FREEDW
AND STüDY OF TBE UNBERCYING CAUSES OF
TEOSE FOBMS OF TERBORIÇM AnD ACTS OF
YIOLEHCEWEICH LIE IN MIÇEBY, FWSTRATION,
GRIEWANCE AWD DESPAIR ANI]WHICBCAUSE ÇOME

PEOPLE TO SACRIFICE LIVES, XNCLUDIHG
=IR OWN, TM AN ATTgMFT TO EFFECT-1CAL
CHANGES: {a) REWBT OF TBE SECBETABY-GEmU:
(b) CONVENING, =ER 1PBEAUSPICESOF TEE
UHXTED HATIQHÇr 09 AH InTEBHATIWAL CONPEREHCE
TO DEFINE TERROBISM AHD TO DIFPEREHTIATE IT
PROMTHE STRUGGLE OF PEOPLES FOR HATIOHAL
LIBERATION

Letter dated 20 Wovembsr 1991 from t-bePermanent Representative
pf the Liban Ar& Jsmabiriva to the United Mations addressed
ta the Secretam-General*

1 have the homur to tr~smit to you herewith the text of a leteer
addressed to FOU by Mr, Ibrahim Muhaamiad Bishari, Secretary of the People's
Cornittee for Foreign Ldaisonand International Cooperation, concerning the
statements tuade by ths Govarnmentsof the United Kingdom and the United States
accusing wbat thap cal1 "Libyanelements" of responsibilityfor the
distressing incident in whieh s Pan Am aircraft crashed in 1988 and concerning

Prevlously issued as document A/C.1/45/23; reissued as a document of
the GenaralAssembly,under agenda item 125, and of the SecurityCouneil at

the request of the Petmanent Missionof tbe Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the
United Nations.

92-01448 2833i (€1 /...A/46/844
S/23416

English
Page 2

the fact that those statements contain accusations and threats at a time when

international relations are undergoing a relaxation of tensions and there is a
spirit of accord among members of the international comunity based on
constructivedialogueand mutual respect.

7
1 should be grateful if you would have this letter and its annar
circulated as a document of the United Nations,

(Siad) Ali Ahmed EWOUDEIRI

Permanent Representative A/46/844
S/23410
Enqlish
Page 3

Letter ft mm hs Commit
for Poreig'n Liaisan and '._tZ8rsatiunalCao-
aadressed to tb
Secretam -GeaesaA

You hava no doubt noted the statementa made by the Gaver~ments of the
United Kingdom and the United States accusingwhat they cal1 "Libyan elementç"
of responsibilityfor the disttessingincident in whieh a Pan Am aircraft
csashed over Çcotlaad in 1988, while
irehave declared our astoaishment that
such statements of accusationan8 threat are being issuedat a time whea
internationalrelationsare witnessing a concord amuag States Uiat is
promoting the value of dialogue.

Such official statements by the United States Department of Justice, the
officia1 spokesmanfor the mite House and the British Foreign Secretary
iadicate a premeditated intention of and a carefully considired plan for
aggressionagainst the Libyan people.

Successive United States administrationshave persistrtntly intervenedin
Libya's interna1 affairs with a vier to forciblychangingits popular
political and social regims, bripging al1 possiblepressuresto bar on it,
conspiring against the political and socialchoieesit hai ma* andi
intimidating It. This has, on many oecaaionr, reached the point of aggression
on talsetprete~ts that lac1 any material and tangibleevidenca.
(
In the political,econsmicanô milita- eonf+ontation that hss hem
imposedupon it, Libya has challeaged Unltsd Statesadministrations, before

l American and wrld publie opinion, ta produce tangible, material evidsnce to
corroborate their accusations. Oa eacb occasioa, however, United States
administrationh save failed to produce such tangible,materiaï evidenca and
( have evaded confroratiag the enth thar lies behind the falsityof their
alleqations .

In 1986, the United States Administration invsated false preterts,
( unsupportedbp any tangibleand materiil evid.ice, ind falsaly and
slandesoualy accuseâ Libpa of rssponsibilityfor the bombfag of a Berlin
eightelual and for a bombing incidentat Rome airport. It embarked om
traacherousmilitarp aggression at sight - witbout awaitiq thetoutcoare of -y
inguiry - against the Libyan people whila they wars peac~fullyand tranquilly
asleep and theteby shamd contempt for al1 moral and humanitarianvalues. Lt
killedi~ocsat ehildren, cildpeapleand citirrens, destrilyed schools,

hospitalsand kiadergartens and brought pspchologicak tarror inta the hearts
of sleepingehildren,old people and women with its treacherous aad
unwarrantedaggression. k/46/844
S/23416'
English
Page 4

It subsequently bec- clear from the results of inquiries into those two
incidents that Libya had no association with them. levertheleçs, the United
States Administration elcpressed no regret for its aggrsssion, and it vas as if
the people killed were no more than a floek of sheep, despite the fact that
the world, as represented by international and regional organizations and &y
democratic forces, condemned the aggsession, exoaerated the Libyan people and

expressed its condoleaces and its solidaritywith the families of the dead and
weunded in a whole serkes of internationalresolutions, including:

Gsnaral Assembly resolution 41/38 of 20 lovember 1986:

The reaalution of the eighth Summit Conferenceof the Movemant of

Hon-Aligned Countries, held nt Harare in 1986:

The Deelarationof the Assembly of Heads of State and Goverment of the
Organization of Afriean Unity at ita tmnty-second osdinary session in
July 1986:'

Conmiuniqué No, 21 of the IslamicSumit Conferenceat its session hild in
Kuwait in 1987.

The United States is erploiting the currsntiatesnationalsituation to

set itself up as a world goverPrnent and sn internationaipolicemandetmrminkng
what is true and what is false and defiaing cithicsand good cooduct. Hor, it
suddenly surprises us and the whole mrrld bp fabticatingnew arid groundlwss
pretexts and by falsely and slanderouily nccusing Libya once again, three
pars after th% crash of a United States PM Am aireraft into which the United
States Administration ha8 conductedan inqui-.

Libya has heard, just as the world bai heard, the stateaients of aome
United States and British leaders denying that Libpa bas any association with
ais incident and direeting their suspicionsagainat other parties. The
United States of Ameriea has, however* with the pirit of one capable of doing
so, endeavoured to refute the aecuaationsmade agalnst other parties and to

exculpate them. It has accused Libpa. which it had previouslpexonerated,
perhaps because of somethiq in Libgan policp that does not pleaas the United
States Administration,with the prditated intention of eqagfag in
aggression in order to change thn popular domoctaticregha by force, a
popular plitical regims of which the United States Administration does not
approve,thsrebyviolatingthe provisionsof the Charter of tbe United Hations

prohibiting the threat or use of forceamd callioq for ths peaceful solutioa
of ptoblems between States by mana of dialogue.

The United Sta8.saMhinistratioa ia once agafn ieventingfalse

accusatioasunsupported by any material, tangibleeviderice. Xt Is jumpiriq to
canelusionsand it is deciding for aggrqsiion, as has ben said by United
States and British leaders. Once more, WEI challenge the United States
Administrationand the British Goverment, before kmerican, British and worïd
publie opinion, to produce eonvincing~atsrial~tangible evidence. A/46/844
S/23416
English
Page 5

Furthemore, when the General People's C~nunittee for Justice learned from

the People's Comittee for Foreign Liaison that it ha6 received a note from
the British Government in which accusations rere made against "two Libyans",
it proceeded to appoint a judge to inquire into the accusations made, The
General People's Comittee for Justice requqsted the United States
Administration and the British Goverment to aominate lawyers to monitor the
fairness and proptiety of the inguiry. It also requestedinternational

humanitaria organisations to nominate lawyers t0 ascertain the propriety and
fairness of the inquiry and the deaire of the Great Jamahiriya to establish
the truth as it ras and not as it was ssen or desired by the United States and
British C~vernments. This corroborates the t3iacerity of Our intentions and
our uneonditional readinessto coopetate in order to estahlfsh the trutù.

The Great Jamahiriya declares its readiness to cooperateto the full wia
any impartial internationaljudicial authoritp, because we are the vietirn in
ais matter. If, ho-ver, it is a matter of another premeditated act of
aggression on the part of the United States Administrationand the British
Government with the intention of penaliring Libya, changing its popular
politicaï and socialregimebp fcree and punishing it for the political

positions it has adopted, then we ewct tüe Security Council ad General
Assernbly of the United Nations, the internationalcormnuafty, those peoples and
governments that cherish justice ad peace and rorld public opiaion ta stand
by Libya in defence of its rights and in defenee of the Charter of the United
Nations. Tbe Charter quarantees the equality of peoples and theis right to
make tùeir own political and social ehoices, a right tùat ii enshrined in

religious laws and is guaranteed bp interaathaal law,

In placing before you these facts and stating our point of view, we look
forward to the adoption of a collectiveposition that will put a halt to ais
repeated aqgrsssionagafnit the Libp~ people. We reserve out rfqht, with
your support, to defend ourselves in accordancm with Article 51 of the Charter

of the United LJatlona. Pie are appreciativeof your role in the maintenance of
peacm and seeurity and in the ersatfon of a world in which great and small,
powerful and weak are -1.

(w) Ibrahim Muhammad B1SgABf

Gecretarp of the People's Comiètes
for Foreign Liaison and International
Cooperation Exhibit 14

Letter dated 8 January 1992 from the Permanent Representative of
the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyato the United Nations addressed to the
Secretary-General
(UnitedNations Document ~/46/841-S/23396; 9 January 1992)UNITED
NATIONS

General Assernbty.- SecurÎtity Council Distr.
GENERAL
qA---&b

A/46/841
S/23396
9 January 1992
ENGL1SH
ORIGINAL: ARABIC

GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COWCf L
Forty-çixth session Forty-seventh year
Agenda items 69 and 125

PROTECTIOH AND SECURfm OF SUL STATES
MEASURES TO PBEVENT INTEWATfOHAL TERROBISM
WHICH ENDANGERS OR TAKES INHOCENT HUMAN
LIVES OR JEOPARDIZES FUNDAMENTAL FBEEDOMS
AND ST[JDYOF THE UNüERLYING CAUSES OF =OSE
FORMS OF TERRORISM AND ACTS OF VIOLENCE

WKIÇR LIE IN MISERY, FRUSTRATXON, GRIEVANCE
AND DESPAIR AND WHICH CAUSE SOMEPEOPLE TO
SACRIFICE ntTMANLfVES, INCLUDING=IR OWN,
IN AN ATTEMPT TO EFFECT RADICAL CEANGES
(a) REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERU

(b) CONVENING,-ER THE AUSPICES OF THE
UHITED NATIONS, OF AN INTEWATXONAL
CONFERENCE TO QEFINE TERRORISM AND TO
DXFFERENTIATE 3T FBOM THE STRUGGLE OF
. PEOPLEÇ FOR NATIONAL LXBERATION

Letter dated 8 Januarv 1992 from the Permanent Re~resentative
pf the Libvan Er& Jarnahiriva ta the United Nations addressee

1 have the honour to transmit to you herewith a letter addressed ta you
by Mr. Ibrahim M. Bishari, Secretary of the People's Committee of the People's
Bureau for Foreign Liaison and International Coopetation,

1 should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex
circulated as a document of the General Assembly, under agenda items 69 and
125, and of the Secusitp Council.

(Siqnea) Ali ahmed ELHOUDEIRI
Permanent Representative A/46/841
SI23396
English
Page 2 I

1

The People's Committee of the Peopleb Bureau for Foreign Liaison and
I
International Coeperation haç taken note of the statements issued on
20 Deeember 1991 and circulated as documents of the General Assernbly and the
Seeurity Council at the request of the permanent representatives of France, I
the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Havlng studled these
staternents, It is @vident to us that they are merely a repetition of the
alleqations and accusations made against my country that we have already
denied cateqoricoliy and with regard to vhich we have repeatedly urged that I
any material and tangible evidence that might confirm them should be
produced. In this context, my country would like to reaffirm its condemnation
of terrorism in al1 its forms, inasmuch as it has been its prime victim.
Perhaps the international eomunity still recalls the deliberate dovninq of a i
Libyan civil aireraft over Sinai in 1973, Perhaps it also still recalls the
United States military attack on peaceable Libyan cities ka 1986, in uhicb
there were hundseds of innocent civilkan victims, on the prete~t that Libya I
vas responsiblefor-the bombing of a Berlin nightclub. It was subsequently
made public that Libya vas innocent of any involvementin that incident, but
the United States expressed no regret %na aid aot provide the compensation
endorsed by the General Assernblyof the United Nations and bp other 1
internationaland regional orgaaizatians.

It is our fear that this campaip to maç my country's qood repute and
I
deceive world public opinion is merely a preliminary to renewed aggression
against Libya. If it is msrely a matter of inquiring into the two incidents
in which the United States and French passengeraircraftwere droamed, then my I
-- country has already expressed its readiness to coaperate with the parties
concerned. It entrusted twa judges with the task of conducting airinquiry and
gatheriag information, and thsy have alrsady embarked on that inquiry, With
regard to those against whom charges have been made, they have taken al1 the I
maasures that accord with the Libyan Code of Criminal Procedure promulgated in
1953, inckudinq contact with the competent judicialauthorities in the three
countries in question, which have, however, refused to respond to the judges' I
request. If, on the otaef hand, it is simply a question of a diffeeeneeof
legal opinion regardkng the autiioritymat has jurisdiction in the inquiry,
then we do not believe that the laquage of thraats and menaces that has been
used by the ares coutries in theis statements is called for. International 1
law on the question is clear and erplicit, and it shows that the Libyaa
judieial authotities are those mat have jurisdietion, and this involves no
great difiiculty.
I
Pespite the foregoing, aware as we are of the internationaldimensions
and ramifications of the incidentsinvoked and of the large rider of
I
countries that are concerned parties and deapite the fact that we are fully
persuaded of the impartialityand fairnes,~ of the administration of justice in

I

I

I A/45/843
S/23396
Engli çh

Page 3

Libya, ue have nevertheless, in a desire to convince the other parties of Our
good faith, offered Our acceptance in princlple of a fair and impartial

international inquiry into the matter or of recourse to the International
Court of Justice, the major judicial instrument of the United Nations, for a
decision on the question of conflkcting jurisdictions. It is a source of
regret that the three countries have rejected all of these offers. When they
came together on the position tbey have adopted, they resorted to politicixing

the issue by submitting it to the Security Council. We, however, affirm that
subrnission of the matter to the Security Council has no basis either in the
Charter of the United Nations or in international lau, which does not
stipulate that the Security Council has the power to consider judicial cases
invalving individuals.

If it is a matter of political differences between the three countries
and Libya, then the differences must be discussed on the basis of the Charter
of the United Nations, which does not endorse aggression or the threat of

aggression but rather chlls for the resolution of differences by peaceful
means, Libya has expressed its readiness to pursue any peaeeful means that
the three countries may desire for the resolutionof existing differences. We
should like, through pou, to offer the followinq:

1. Ta enter into dialogue with the three countries, either direçtly or
through the United Nations, witb a view tc tesolvingany political
dispute between us and the parties concerned.

2. To invite the parties, if it is maintaiaed that a legal confliet

exists, to reach agreement OP its resolution through international
judicial authorities, iacluding the InternationalCourt of Justice
and in accordance mith its Statuts.

3. TQ urge the three countries to ptovide the Libyan judges entrusted
with the investigation into these two regrettable incidents with an
official copy of the records of the investigation,coaeerning which
t$ey have already svbmitted rquests to the suthorities coneerned in
those countries.

My country is a victim of interaetiomsl teirorism and of torrarist
groups, since the United States is training and armiag terrorists for the
purpose of murdering innocent civilians. It is maintaining terrorlst camps
and cornpelling Libyan army prisoners to work against their people and, from

practitioners of an hunourable military calling, it is converting them into
terrorists.A/46/841
Si23396
English
Page 4

Libya has affirmed and now reaffisms a position of principle that iç
fully comitted to the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations
relatinq ta the settlement of disputes between States. Libya haç expressed

its complete readineçs to sooperate with all parties to the present dispute
for the resolution of that dispute by peaceful means, as explicitly required
by Chapter VI, Article 33, af the Charter of the United Nations.

Ibrahim M. BISHARI
Secretarp of the People's Cornittee of the
People's Bureau for Foreign Liaison and
InternationalCooperation Exhibit 15

Letter dated 13 January1992 from the Permanent Representativeof
the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressed ta the
President of the Security Council
(United Nations Document S/23436; 17 January 1992) UNITED

1 NATIONS

S/23436
17 January 1992

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

LETTER DATED 17 JANUARY1992 FROM THE PEFWUXNT BEPREÇENTATTVE'
OP THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMABIEIIYATO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED
XO THE PRESIDENTOF TBE SECURITYCOUNCIL

I have the honour, in my capaciey as the Chairmari of the Arab Group for
,the montb of January, to enclose the text of BesolutionHo, 5158 adopted'by
the Council of Ge Arab League on 16 January 1992 coacerning the recent
accusations dlrected against the Libyae Arab Jamahiriya,

I would greatly appreciate if you may kindly circulate the text of this
resolution as a document of the Security Council.

(Sicmed) Ali A. ELHOUDERI
Chairmaru,Arab Group for January
Permanent Repteseatative

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

92-02128 2850i (E)S/23436

EngLish
Page 2

~esolution adonted bv t he Councr' of the Leaave of Arab States,
at its resumedsession. oe 16 Jaapar~ 3992

[Original: Arabie]

The Counci2 of the Leame of Arab S-, meting in tesumed special
session on Thursday, 16 January 1991,

Recallinqits tesolution 5156 of 5 becember 1991 concerniag the
American-British accusations against the Great Sacialist Libyan Arab People's
Jamahiriya,

Welcominq the genuinecooperation shm by the Great Jamahlriya with
regard to the ongoin9 inquiries telating to tbe distressiaq incidents
involving the United States Pan km alrcraft and the French UTA aircraft,

Streasing the importanceof eooperationby ths parties concerned throuqh

legal chanaels 4th a vie- to bringing khe trutb to light and of the adoption
of the legak measurssnecessaryto emsurs the achievamentof that end,

DECIDES
..
1. To express once more its support for the Great SoclalistPeople's Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya and its cornendationof the Jamahitlys'sassiducius desire to
uncover the facts relatinqr to the distressingincidents involving the United

States Pan Am aircsaft snd the French UTA sireraft.

2. To reaffinn the provisions of patagraph 2 of itr resolution 5156 of
5 December 1991 calling for the establishment of a joint camission of the
United Nations and the League of Argb States: and to entrust the
Secretory-General of the Leaguevith the task of establishing contact rith the
United Hations so that its Secret@--General ma? offer his mediation tc all

the parties concerned with a view to devising a peaeeful settlement'to the
problem,

3. To urge al1 the parties concerned to provide the Eacilitiesnecessary for
the performance of the conimission's taok.

4. 50 urge the Security Coucil to resolve the çoufLict by negotiation,
mediatloa and judicial settlementin sccotdancewith the provisious of
Article 33 of Cbapter VI of the Charter ef the United Natioas.

5. To request the Secretarp-General to follow up the implemeatatioo of this
resolutkon by any r.ians that he deems appropriate;and to consider the Council

as beiag in continuous session in order to moaitor developmentsregarding the
issue,

(RES/S/5158,16 January 1992) Exhibit 16

Letter dated 18 January 1992 from the Permanent Representative of
the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations 'addressed to the
Presidentof the Seçurity Council
(UnitedNations Document S/23441; 18 January 1992)UNITED
NAT IONS

SecurityCouncil Dlstr.
GENERAL

S123441
18 Yanuary 1992
EHGLIÇH
OBIGIHAL: ARABIC

LETTEB DATED 18 JANlJARY 1992 FRQM TBE PERMUTENT REPBESEHTATIVE
Of THE LIBYAN ARAB JAMPlHIRXYA TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED

TD THE PRESIDDIT OF TEE SECüRIm COUNCIL

X have the bonour to transmit to you herewith the text of a letter from
the Sectetary af the People's Cormnittee for Foreign Liaison and International

Cooperation addressed to Hia Excellency Mr. .James A. Baker III, Secretasyof
State of the United States of America, and Bis Excellency Mr. Douglas Hurd,
Miaister for ForeignAffairsof the United Kingdom of Great Britsin and
Motthern Ireland, through the embassias of Belqium and Italy, whlch are
entrusted with the intsrests of the two countries in the Jamahiriya.

In the letter, the ~akahiri~a calls for the implementationof article 14
of the 1971 hntreal Çoavention for the Suppression of Unlawful Àcts aqainst
the Safety of Civil Aviation.

1 should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its aanex

circulatedas a document of the SecurityCouacil.

CZipedB) Ali Ahmed ELBOUDEIRI

Permanent Bepsesentative Page 3

The Foreman of the Grand Jury in the District of Columbia, United States

of America; r

The French exarnining magistrate.

As of the present moment, however, there has been no response to any of these
requests.

In taking these measures, Libga has given practical expression to its
deep sorrow at the tragic and criminal destruction of the ai.rcraft, and it has
on more than one occasion expressed its respect for the principle of the
asceadancy of the rule of law.

After caliinq on the otfierparties concerned to cooperate, and while 1

expectingthe cooperation requested to be fully forthcoming,Libya has
receiveafrom the United States of Ameriea and the United Kingdom not only the
outright refusa1 of sueh cooperation but even the threat of the use of force
and an aggregate reaction that has made any negotiated settlement impossible.

It is to be noted that article 14, paragraph 1, of the Convention
stipulates that any aispute between twa or more contracting States which

caaaot be settled through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them,
be submitted to arbitrotion.

Article 33, paragraph 2, of Chapter VI of the United Hations Charter,
entitled "Paeific settlmnt of disputes", stipulates chat the parties to i?iny
dispute, the coatinuance of which is likely to endanqer the maintenance of

internationalpeaee and seeurity,shall aeek a solutionby negotiation,
snquiry. mediation,cbncillatian, atbittation or judicial settlement.

Libya urges the UnitedStates of Amsrica and the United Kiilgdom to be 1
governed by the voice of season and la*, to qive their prompt agreement to
arbitratisn in accordance wfth article 14, paraqraph 1, of the Convention and

to sit &wn rith us ad soon as possible in order to elaborète details in order
to assist in the preparation of the dispute for arbitration.

Lkbya afkirms its uuqualifked condemation of testorism in al1 its fomis,
it censures #y participation in a crime of this type, and it specifically
denies any association with, knowledgi of or consent to the acts which led to
the crash of the Pan Am aircraft.

hibya will be happy to exert the utmost efforts for the eliminationof
al1 forms of tarrorksm. I hope that the proposais we have made will met with
your agreement.

Ibrahim M. BIÇBABI
Secretary of the People's Cornittee
for Foreign Liaison and
International Cooperation Exhibit 17

Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the
Safety of InternationalCivil Aviation, done at Montreal on
23 September 1971 Treaty Series

Treaties and international agreements

registered
orfcled and recorded

urith theSecretariat ofthe United Nations
I

VOLUME 974 1975 1.Nos. 1.-09-123

Recueil des Traités

Tnzités etaccords internationauz
,enregistrés

ou classéset inscritau répertoire

au Secrétariatde Z'Organisation des Nations Unies No. 14118

MULTILATERAL

Conventioaforthesuppression ofnnlawful actsagainstthe
safetyof civilaviation(withFinal Act of the Interna-
tionalConferenceonAir Law held underthe auspices

of the InternationalCivil Aviation Organization at
Montrealin Septernber 1971) .oncluded ritMontreal
on 23 Septernber 1971
Authentiruts: English,French,RtfssianSpanLïh.

Registerebythe UniteStoteof Americathe UniteKingdom of Great
BritainandNorthernIrelandutheUnionof SovieSocialRepublics
on18JuIy1975.

Convention pour- 19 répression d'actes illicites dirigés
contrela sécuritéde l'aviationcivile(avec Acte finalde
la Conférence internationale de droit aérientenue sous
les auspices de Iwrganisation de I'aviation civile in-
ternationaleriMontréa ln septembre 1971). Conclue ii
Monttéal le 23septembre1971 -"

Texta aurherrtiq:anglaisfrunphhrusseetespagnol.
Enregistrparlesgcarsu-nid'iimérique,le Royaume-Unde Grande-
Bretagnet d'Irlandedu Noretl'UniondesRPpubliquesocialbta .
soviétique 18juillet 1975.171 Udtd Niiloas- Tmty Sc* Naüoiu Unies- Rmid draTnltb lPlS

CONVENTION' FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF UNLAWNL ACTS

AGAINSTTHE SAFETY OF CIVILAVMTION

The States Partiesrothe Convention
Considering thatunlawful actsagainstthesafety ofcivilaviationjeopardizethe
safety of personsand property, seriouslyaffecttheoperationof air servicw, and

undermin eheconfidence of thepeople? of theworld inthesafety ofcivilaviation;
Considering that theoccurrence of suchacrs isa matterof grave concetn;
Considering that,forthe purposeof deterringsuch acts,thereisan urgentneed

to provide appropriate measures for punishmentof offenders;
Have agrd asfollows: -

Article 1. 1. Any person comrnitsan offenceif hé unlawfullyandinten-
tionallv:

(g) perforr annact of violenceagainsta person on board anaircraftin flightif thar
açt islikelyto endanger the safetyof thar aircraft;or
(b) destroys an aircraftin serviceor causes damage to such an aircrafrwhich

renders itincapable offlightorwhichis likelytoendanger itssafetyinflight;or:

1CPmeho Foroon26January19m3rapcnofthelobwina Saeanbhlfof wkh iniaanimait0fntif1cp
tion or ban dc&d viththeGovcmmaiu oftk Unia(iI Soviet RcpubliIhcUdcd
Kingdomof Gm BriuiiuidwrhemIrelaortheUnited!buts ofAmaii.e. dnyf m Ihc WCm Dr-
ferma!mPfcwdance aLnidc133):sOImlifwn orm sigmatovSutha* - iIhcMon& Con-

-dma(-
omi or- (LI
Stuw #rLoirsoii(Ld, M-#
-WdWroffrW)
~raril.......................................24July.... lW2(L.M.W)
Canada.......................................19Junc... 19-n(LI
20Junt 197(W)
23July 197Ml
17kupn 197M.W)
9 iuly 1972M1
21Dermibu 1972a1W)
n D-II~ tm (L.M.w)
30lune i9f2It)
6July (W)
Malawi................................................ 197M
Mali.........................................34Augrut.. 197g(W)
Mongolia......................................Sstptmibn 19nW)
14Scptunbcr
m~nober im mi
Nier .........................................lseptcmber 19n(W)
Pinima.......................................24AptÜ... 19720
SouthAlria........................................... 19nw
spin ........................................mm&....... 1972 Iw)
Trinidmd Tobago...............................9Fcbnriry IV2 (W)
UniteStatefAmaia. ............................I Hovmibcr 1972m
ISNowmkr 19n(L)
UNovanbcr 1972@l)
2Wokr 1972(L.M.Wi
Koarrnvrdp.ln)

Vd974I-11118[ç) placesor causesto beplad on an aircraftin service, by any means whatsoever,

a deviceor subsianc e hichislikely to des~roy that aircraft,or iocause damage
. to itwhichrendersirincapableof flighr,or to cause damage toitwhich islikely
: to endanger its safetyin flight;or
!
[d)destroysor damages airnavigationfacilitiesorintesferes withtheir operation,if
anysuch act is likelyto endanger the saferyof aircraft in flighr;or

'e) comrnunicateis nformation whichhe knowsto befalse,ihereby endangering ihe
saferyof an aircraftin flight.

2. Any person alsocornmits an offence if he:
(a) attempts to commit any of theoffencesmeniionedin paragraph1 ofthis Arti-
de; or

tb) isan accomplice of a personwhocornmitsor atternpis ia commitany such of-
fence.
--
FmmorrIc~~mued/rwnP.Imi
1 Subsequm~lyth.eCaumthu cameintofor= fothrStain IistcdbrModays~ArrthedateordcpoJiiofrhrin-
ammm of ratifmion rirm n wiih the Gowmmcntsof theUnionof SovKi ÇocuiiiRcpublics.ihc United
KiningdafmGrtaBrirainandHonhm l&d ortheUniid Star- of kmka. inPFCO~~CC w~th*n#k lS(4):
Dorrol-II ofW ~ I
PIILorrdo14.Mww (MI)
Sr& (KWediwran rWJ
Argeniina............,.............................26Nomh 1973(L.M,W)
(Withcffcnfrom 23Decmrh 1973)
Austreh ...........................................12luly 1973(L.M.W)

. Aiiluia............................................11Febmary 1973(LmM,W)

(Wiihrffls[rom 13Much1974)
Bulgari...........................................ï2.Fbnias, 1973(hl
(Withefîm lmm 24 MMh 1W3) UIMwch 1973(W)
ByelonisrianSaYlc4dii RqIublicg................... 31Jsnwh lg-f(Ml ,'

Chile..............................................28Febv 1971O (W)

CostaRica..........................................21Çcpimbcr 1573(W)
Pith cfi'fmm 21Onok 1W3)
Cypms .............................................271uly 1973(L)
(Wiihelfmfrom IdSeptank 1973) 30July 1973{M)
15Augus1 1975049
c~CChOSh&io*. .....................................10AUgUSL 1973(L.M.W)
Wiih cflccCttm 9Wtemkr 1973)
DRimark ...........................................17January 193 IL.M.W)
With rffect fmrn 1FEbniay lm. M n rricrvtar
the ofthcConvsitmniothe FtuŒ&BI&
Gd)
DomàiieanUtpublic..................................ZgNovember 1973(W)
Prh ctfec~frorn8Derrmkr 1913)
Fui.................................................5Mh 1973(W)
(Whhcffm [rom4Apnl 1973) 18April 1933(L)
26April lm (MI
Finland............................................13July IV3 a (L.M.W)
Wilh rtTm fm 12Augw 1973)
Ghuu .............................................12Dacmbcr 1973a (W)
Wiih dfcn fm II Jotw 19ï4)
Greffe....................... .................... 15Janw 1974(W}
(Wîh cfla f? 14Februq 1974)
Idad .............................................29lune 1973(M)
(Wnh efl#tfmm 29July1973) 29June 1973u (LW)
lm.. ........................................... 10July 1913a (L,M,W)
(With eifsfrom9 Augiin 1W3)
rw. ............................................. IOçeptmbu 1974a (M)
(Withcffm Iram10DFtober1974)
C ICamird mlp ldoi
vol974I-141I8 Artide 2. Forthe purposes of this Convention:
(a) an aircraft is considered to be in flightat any tirnefrom themoment when

ailitsexrernad foorsareclosedfollowingembarkarion until the moment whenany
such dooris openedfordisembarkation i; thecase of a forced landing, the flight
shall bedeerned to continueuntil the competentauihoritiestake over therespon-

sibilityfortheaircraftandforpersons andpromrty on board: - -
ffmrlul1wciur*dfrmp.In/
Qfm#iiŒarr+Prpn(i)
etroiuroN, -rWJ

smt arw-O
~ialy.............................................. 19F~bua~y 1974G.M.W}
@'ii cffscifm 21Mmh lP4)
IvciryCoaa...........................................9lalhuary 1973a W)
(wiiheffecfmm 8 February1973)
lapa.. .............................................12June 1574a iL.W)
Wdh cffca lrom 12July 1974)
Jordan..............................................13Fcbniary 1973(L)
(WitheftŒtfrom 15Matchln33 19Februaq 1973M
25Aprü 1973(W)
LibyanArabRepublk ..................................19FFbniary 191400
(Wilhcffm fror21 Mardi1974)
MUiEo ..............................................12Çep~mbCT 1974IL.M.W)
(Wiihefki Crom12Ocfok 1974)
Nahsw.. ........................................27~ugun lin3 (L.M,WJ

(Withdfat fcam ta Scpiembcr1193 forthe Kingdomin
EuropcandSurina mndwithadtclarationioteffsrthat
iheConmiibn shdlapplytothe NffherlanhAntilkIrom
11June 19741
New Zcaland,........................................t2Febniary 1974(L.M,Wi
(Withdfça Irom 14March1974)
Nicampa ............................................6 Novmikr 193 W)
(Wiiheffm from6 kmkr 1973) .,
Nigeria..............................................3July 1973a (w)
(Wiihefrtcfrom2 Augusi1973) 9 Juiy 1573u ((L)
20July lW3 a(M) -
Nomy ............................................. 1August 1973a(L,M,W) '
(Withttfen [ro31August 1973)
Pakirm.. ...........................................t6 January 1914u (M)
Withclfm fmm 14Fcbniary1974) 24Janq 1974a(L.W) -
Paraguay.............................................5March 1974 (w)
(WuhcffoctRom 4 Agril1974)
Phippints....................................... 26 Mmh 1973W)
(Wiihcffm from23 April 1913)
Polând*.............................................UiJanus 19?5KM)
(WithCM- from27Fcbruary1975)
Portugal............................................t3January tm3 (L)

(Witheffa from 14February1973)
RcpvbliafKOM'. .....................................2 Augusi 1973a (w
(Witbeffm Imm I%ptcmbcr1573)
%udi Arabii*................:.......................14June 1974a [W)
Withelfe3 Imm 14 Jgy 1R4)
SMni.. ............................................10July 19f3a (L,M,W)
Wih dfcctrmm 9 August2913)
UkriiaioSoMe rWt Rrpublicm.......................26Fcbniq ln3 (M)
(Wih cffocfrom 2ûWu& 1973)
UnionofSovwtSociaüsRt epubh* .......................19Fcbnusy 1973(L.M,W)
Wiih effm from21 March 19731
UnitrdKingdomof GnarBritiùnandNorihtrnIreland...... 25Octokr 1973(L,M,W)
(Wüh efla fromU Novmk 1973.InrcSpeorth?United
Kingdom of GreatBritajand Norihnn lrtlandandTer-
riroricsunâu the tcrriior iatccigntyof the United
Kinedam u wd as theBniisJobmonlrlandsPrormoniie)
Unitcd3lepubikoFCamamnm ...........................1IJuly 1973a(W)
(WithcIfm [rom 10Auguu ZW31
Sn p.225of ihis volumeforthe rof tb rtrrrvaïionsdedarationmade uponrarir#catornacstsrion.

vol974.1-1is 3. This Convention doesnot excludeany criminal jurisdiction exercisedinac-

cordance with national law.
Article 6. 1. Upon being satisfied tbat the circurnstancessa warrant, any
Contracting Stare in ihe rerritory of whichtheoffendes or the alla& offenderis
present, shall take himintocustody or take other masures to ensurehis prHence.
The custodyand other measuresshallbe asprovided in thelawof that Siatebutmay
only be continu4 forsuchtime asisnecessary to enableany criminal orextradition
proceedings 15 be instituted.

2. Such Siateshall immediately makea preliminary enquiry into the facts.
3. Any person in custody pursuant to paragraph 1of this Anicle$hall be as-
sisted in communicating immediately with thenearest appropriate representativof
the State ofwhichhe is a national. .,
4. When a Slate, pursuantIO this Ariide,hastaken a gersoninto custody,it
shall immediaielynotify ihe Statementioned in Article 5, paragraph 1, the Stofe
nationalityof the detained person and, if iiconsidets iladvisable, any other in-
terested Sraieof the fact rharsuch person isin custody and of the circurnstances
which warrant his deiention. The State which makes the prelirninary enquiry con-
iemplated in paragraph 2 ofthisArticleshall promptly reportirsFindingsto thesaid
Sta~es and shall indicate whethecit intendto exercisejurisdiction.

Article7. TheContracting State inthe terriiory'of whictheaIlegedoffender
is found shall,iiidoesnotextradite him, liobliged, withour exceptionwhatstwver
and whether ornoi the offencewas committd in its territory, isubmit thecase ro
its competent authorities for the purposeof prosecution. Those authorities shail
take their decision in the sarnemanneras in thecaseof anyordinary offence of q
serious naiiire under ihlaw of ihat State.

Article 8. 1. The offencesshalIbe deemed tobe includedas extradilabreof-
fences in any extradition ireaty exisiing between Contracting Staies.Contracting
States undertake ioincludethe offences asextraditable offencesineveryextradition
treaty toe concluded bet ween them.
2. Ifa Coniracting Siaiewhich rnakes extradition conditionaon theexistence
of a treaty receivea requestfor exrradiiionfrom anoiher ContrackingStatewiih
which icha5 no extraditiontreaty,itmay at its option consider this Conventioas
ihe legalbasis for extradilion in resofcthe offences. Extradition shalbesubject
(Othe otherconditions provided by he law of the requested Suie.
3. Conrraciing States which do not make extradition conditional on theex-
istence ofa rreaiy shallrecognize the offences as exiraditable offences beiween
theniselvessubjectio iheconditions providedbythe law of the requesied State,

4. Each of the,offences shall be treated, for ihe purposof extraditionbe-
iweenContracting States, asifiihad been commitied not only in theplacein which
iioccurred butais0in the territoriesof the States requiredesiablisiheirjurisdic-
tionin accordance wiih Article5, paragraph E(b), (c)and (4.
Article 9. The Coniraciing Slaies which esiabli~h joint air ttanspori
operating organizations or international operaiinagencies,which operateaircraft
which are subjeçiio joint or in~ernaiionalregisiration shall, byappropriameans;
designateforeach aircraft theStateamongthem whichshallexercisethejurisdiciion
and have the airribures of ihS~aieof registrationfor thepurpose of this Conven-
tion and shall give noiice ihereoIothe InternaiionalCivil Aviation Organizaiion
which shall communicatethe noiic) ro al1States Partiesioihis Convention.

Vd. 971,l-14118 Article 10. 1. Contracting Staiesshall, inaccordance with internationa1and
nationalIaw, endeavour totake al1practicablemeasure for the purpose of prevent-
ing theoffence mentioned inArticle 1.

2. When,due to thecommission of oneof the offencesmeniioned inArticle1,
a flighhasbeendelayed or interrupted,any Contracting State in whoseterritory the
aircraftor passengers or crew are present shallfacilitate the continuatioof the
journey of the passengersand crew as monas practicable, and shall withoudeiay
returritheaircraftand its cargoto thepersons lawfullyentitld to possession.

Article Il. 1. Contracting States shallafford one another the greatesi
measureof assisrance in connection wirhcriminal proceedingsbroughrin respect of
the offences.The lawof the State requesied shallapplyinal1cases.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of thisArticleshallnor affectobIigalions
underany other treatybilateralor multilateralwhich governs or will govern, in
wholeor in part, rnutual assistance in criminal matters.

Article 12. Any Contracting Slatehaving reasan io believrhatoneof theof-
fencesmentioned inArticle 1willbecommitredshall, inaccordancewithiisnational
law, furnish any relevani information in irs possessionto those Siares which it
believeswouId bethe States mentioned inArticle 5, paragraph 1.

Article 13. Each Contracting Srat seall in accordance with itnalional law
report totheCouncil of the InternarionalCivilAviationOrganizaiionas promptly as
possibleany relevant information initspossessi concerning:
(a) the circumstancesof the offence;
(b) the actiontaken pursuant to Article10, paragraph 2;
(c) themeasures tabenin relatioIO theoffender ortheallegedoffender and, inpar-

ticular, the resulof anyextradition prmeedings or oiher legal prMings.
Arricle14. 1. Anydispute bei: eentwoor more CoritractingStatesconcern-.
ing the interpretation orapplication of this Convention which cannor besettled
through negotiation,shaII,attherequestof one ofthem, be submittedto arbiirarion.
Ifwithin sixmonths from the date of therequesi for arbiirarion the Partieare
unableto agre on the organizationof the arbitrationany one of ihoseParriw rnay
referthe dispute to theIniernationCouri of Justiceby requesrinconformiry with

the Starutof the Couri.
2. Each Staternayai thetime of signatureor ratification of lhisConveniior
accession thererodeclare rhai itdoes no1çansider iiself bound by the preceding
paragraph. The oiherCon~raciingStates shallno1be bound by the precedirigpara-
graphwith respect toany Coniracting Staie having made such a reservation.
3. Any Coniracting State havingmade a reservation In accordance with the
precedingparagraph rnay alany,iimewiihdrawthis reservationbynotification IOrhe
DepositstryGovernments.

Anicle 15. 1. This Conveniion shallbe open for signatureatMantreal on
23 Septanber 1971, by States paiticipating in the InternaiioConference on Air
Lawheld ai Monirealfrom 8 to23 Sepiernbw 1971(hereinafter referredtoas the
Montreal Conference). After 10 October 1971, iheConventionshallbeopen 10 a11
Statesfor signaiurin Moscow, London and Washington.Any Staiewhichdoes not
signthisConvention kfore its enrryin10 forcein accordance wiih paragraph 3 of
this Articlmay accede io iiai any time. 1975 UnitcdFIatloa- Tmly %ries r NationsUnia - Recueida TraltCs 185

CONVENTION P^OUR LA RJ~PRESSION D'ACTES ILLICITE DSIRI-

GÉS CONTRELA SECURI DTE~ L'AVIATION CIVILE

Les EtatsPartiesitla présentC e onvention,
Considhant que les actesillicitdirigés contrelasècurité de l'aviationcivile
compromettent lasécuritdées personnes erdes biens,gênen térieusemen iexploira-
tiondes servicesaérien stminentlaconfiance despeuples du mondedanslasécurité

del'aviationcivile,
Considtrant que de telsactesles préoccupeng travement,
Considéran qtue,dans le butde prkenir cesactes, ilesturgent de prévoir des

mesures appropriée sn vue dela punition deleursauteurs,
Sont convenus desdispositionssuivantes :

Article ler, 1. Commet une infractionpénale toute personne qui iiiicitement
et inrentionneIIerne nt
Q) Accomplit un actede violenceAl'encontre d'une personne setrouvant B bord

d'unaréonef en vol,sicet acteest de nature A compromettre la skuritC decet
aéronef;
b) Détruit un aéronee fn serviceoucause Aun te1aérone f esdommages quile ren-
dent inapteau vol ou qui sontdenature compromettre sa sécuritéen vol;

Enuk cnvigueur26jank 1913hI'tgardEwu siiivanis.audc~queuninnnunmt de raiifous.tion
d'adh&ioavaihtdCposau* dnGouvmmcn~r derEum-Unid'AmCriqu,uRoyaume-UndieGrandc.Bmagne
cidlrlandu Nordoudel~niriadRbubüaues&futes sowëtqucsoit 30japrèsIdate(2Wbre 1972)
dudCp3tdainnnimmpde ratificationdt dixËtaü ssyantpniciptaÇanfCmicdr~onrrtaconfornit-
mentht'anir15,paragzap3:
dr mrt#ïï#iounudBIql
4 - ILI.M mW
, Eiai auWdi~qrt(w)
AfriqduSud*..................................30mai.. 1972(W)
BrhI ........................................24juillci lm (L,M.W)
Canada.......................................19juin... 1n2 (L)
UIjuin 19x20
23juüki 1972(M)
Espagn.......................................30mobrc.. 1972
Etats-Ud0Amtriquc............................14novembre 1972(L)
21nombre 19nW
. Guyane.......................................21dhhrc.. 1972a(W)
Hongric......................................27dkmbn.. 1972(LM. W)
.................................................. 1972IL)
6juükt lnz (W)
10juilk 19-7(M)
Mali.........................................24a001.... 1972i(W)
Mongokm ......................................5septembre 1972(W)
14scptcmbn tg72(L)
Zaoçiobre 1972(M)
Nigs..........................................1scptcmbre 1972(W)
Panama.......................................24ad..... lm2 (W)
RCpubiiidsChine..............................27wpternbrr 19f2(W)
RCpubliqdtm-ique altmandç....................9juh 1972{M)
Tchad........................................17 a001.. 1972@IlW)
~ruiitkt-~obago...............................9 ihricr lm lw,
Yougo~kvic..................................-.2octobre lm (LM. Wl
Isuirtamer fmC) Placeoufaitplacer sur unakronef enservice,par quelque moyen quecesoit,un
dispositifoudessubstances propres A dttruite leditatronefouhluicause dres
dommagesquile tendent inapte auvolou qui sont denature P compromettre sa
sécurit én vol;

4 Pttruitouendommagd eesinstallalionosuservices de navigation aériennoeuen
perturbe leFonctionnemen si.i'undeces actes estde nature compromettre la
sécuritd b'aéronef esnvol;

e) Communiquu eneinformation qu'ellesaitêtrfeausseet,decefait, comprome a
skurited'unaérone fnvol.
2. Comme t galemenu tneinfractionpénale toutepersonne qui:

a) Tentedecommettrr eunedesinfraction s nurnkrte au paragrapheI du présent
article;

b) Estle complice delapersonne qui commetoutentedecommettrl e'un deecesin-
fractions.

Article2. Aux fin se laprésentc eonvention:
II)Unahnef estconsidérc eomme étanten vol depuislemoment oh, I'embar-
quernené t tantermine,toutes ses portes extérieure snt étk fermée usqu'au mo-

mentoiil'unedecesportesest ouverte en vue dudébarquemen en;casd'atterrissage
forcél,evolest censé sepoursuivrejusqu'h ce que l'autoritkcompétent erenne en
charge I'aérone afinsque les personnes etbiens ;1bord;
b) Unaérone estconsidér céomme étanten servicedepuis le moment où le per-
sonnelau sol ou l'équipage commence h Ie préparer en vue d'unvol déterminé

jusqu'hl'expiration d'un délaide vingtquatreheuressuivant roui atterrissage;la
(SuidrlmarEdrk pogIal

Ensuitla ConvcnttrentrécmvigueurpoIÉEiatsfinurnBi-desx30jourbnprladaidudei dekur
insinimederatificaïou d'adhéraupm dcsGouverncmcnts~dEsiatr-d'htriqu, du Royaume-Unde
Grande-Bretaeid9rhndeduNordoude l'unionR*ubliqucrcrialirovi&tiquco,nforintmeI'ani15,
paragraphe4 :
&kmt&armIodWhtrio#r
aLondm (LM.m (Ml
Elor iruW&i.rm IW)
ArabieSaoudit..................................14juin 197da(W) -
(Aveccffau 1juiik1914)
Argtntine......................................16novmbrr 2973(P.M.W)
(Aveceffau15dhmbre 1973)
Australi.......................................11juilln 19'1(L,M,W)
(Aveceffciau 11ad! 1973)
Autriche.......................................11lévrier 1974(LIM,W)
(Aveceffau 13 mars 1974)
Bulsar........................................22ttvricr 1973(LI
(Avec ~KFIau man 1973) amanrs 1-73IM)
Chil..........................................28 itvrkr. 1974OIW)
{Am eRcau 30mars1974)
Chypre........................................37juiUct IP73(LI
EAva effau 14xptembr1973) 30juillet 19?3(M)
150001 1973 (W) .
ÇataRi ......................................IIqimbrc 1973(W1
(Am cffn 21 wtobreIW3)
CBied'ivo.....................................9 janvkr 1973a (W)
(AVKeffetau8 ltwier 1973)
D(AveccBsta16fivritr 1Dkizianrixrvkeenquicon-.17janvier 1973 (LM,WI
ctrne I'applicatilaConventioauxln Fcrd riau
Groenland)
lSuirrmriald7l
*,
Vol. 914.ILt41181-5 Udicd Hittom~ - Tmb Se* Nitlaas Unie¶- Rteittüdufnllts 187

Miode deservices'étend en tout etatde cause tatotalittdu temps pendmilequel

l'akrone fetrouve en vol ausens del'alinh a du présenp taragraphe.
Article3. ToutEtatcontractan s'engage reprimer depeine sevhrpl sesin-
fractionsenumtrks & l'articlFr.

Articfe4. 1. !A présentc eonvention nes'appliqu easaux aéronef utiliséhs
desfinsmilitairesd, edouaneoude police.
2. Danslescasvisés auxalinéa as,b, cetcduparagraphe lm de I'aniclela,la

prbente convention ,u'is'agis d'uenahonefen vol internationa olud'un atronef
en vol inthri neus'applique que :
a) Si lelieuréeolu pdvu dudécollag eu deratterrissagedel'aérone fstsituehors
du territoirde I'Etatd'immatriculatio decet ahnef; ou .

b) Si l'infraction estcommisesurle territoire d'un Etatautre que I'Etatd'im-
matricuiatiod neI'atronef.
3. Nonobstan es dispositiondsuparagraph2 eduprdsent article;danslescas
visésaux aiinéa as, b,çete du paragraphe ferdeI'aniclelm, laprbsen tonvention
s'appliqueégalemen siliauteurouPauteur prhumtdel'infraction estdécouve rur

leterritoired'un EtatautrequeI'Etat d'immatriculatio del'aéronef.
4. C ce qui concerne les EtatsvisésA I'anicle9 etdansles cas prévus aux
alinéa as,b,c ete du paragraphelm del'articllm,laprksent ceonvention nes'appli-
~Svin&riwfdrs~Im
~hi~dr~irmwru
d*rafiia ovdbda ni
EMI b~orW&rRttrWIWI
Fiji.........................................5 mm..... la3 0
(Am effetau4 avril1413) 18avril 1973(LI
28 awii 1973(ME .
Finiande.....................................13juillci 1973a(t.M, W)
(Am cBnru 12mat1W3)
Ohma .......................................12d~mnbrr 1973 (W)
(Am cn* uiIIjanvi1374)
Gr(Am.elieau 14rhie19%)......................15janvier. 1974W)
Irak*........................................10~cprmbrr 1974u (Ml
(Avtc & auIOoctobm1974)
lm.................................... IOjuillei 1973u (IM. W)
(Am cffuau9 miit 1973)
LsIat'......................................29juin... 1973(M)
(A= th auZ9juih19731 Z9juin 1973a (LW)
I(AIRrra.au21man.1W4).......................19fbnm.... 1974G. M.W)
Jipo........................................11juin.... 1974a(L,W)
(Am der au 1juüh1974)
Iwduiic.....................................13fhkr.. 1973(L)
(Am cifaan15mul lW3) 19ftrrier 1973M
ZSinil LW3 IW)
Ma(Amien*.au 1moh...1914)....................12sepiwnbrc 1974(L,M,W)
N'' ......................................6 aowmbrc LW3 IW)
(A= dietPU6 dl#mhc 1973)
Ni&. .......................................3juüki... 1973a (Wl
(Am CECwI 2 mm 9 juüki 1973u (LI
m juik 1973a (M)
Nod#e.......................................IaaoQf. 1973a(t,M, W)
(Am CRU au3110011973)
N(AvecciTaauImrn.1974)......................12ftvricr 19ï4(L,M,W)
PrLiriu.....................................16janvier 1914Q(Mi
(Am e&t au 15fevrIV4) 24jinvia 19748(L.W)
{Srladpw II1
Cquepas si leslieuxmentionné sl'alinéa a du paragraphe 2du prbent articlesont

situéssurleterritoire d'un seuldes Etats visésA l'articl9, moins que i'infractionne
soitcommise ou que l'auteuroul'auteur présumd é el'infractionnesoit découver stur
Ie territoird'unautreEtat.

5. Danslescas vis& itl'alinédadu paragrapheIh del'articlele, laprésente
convention ne s'appliqueque si tesinstallations etservicesdenavigation a&ienne
sont utilisépsourlanavigation aériennie nternationale.

6. Lesdispositions desparagraphes 2, 3,4 et 5 duprtsentanicle s'appliquent
égalemen dtanslescasprkvus auparagraph edel'article la.

Anicle 5. 1. Tout Etat contractant prend Ies mesure nsécessaire sour
établis racompétenc auxfinsdeconnaîtredesinfractions danslescas suivants :

a) Si l'infractionest commisesur le territoiredecetEtat;

b) SiI'infractio nstcommise Bl'encontre ou A bordd'unaéroneif mmairiculé dans
cet Etat;
c} Si l'aéronefbordduquel l'infractionestcommisa etterritsurson territoireavec

l'auteur arésum te I'infractionsetrouvantencorehbord;
ISiir&dnoiIdr pl#?487)

Elai
Paragua...............................................
Pays-Ba...............................................
(AveceRn au26rcpicmbr197pourleRoyaumeen Europe
cik Surinam.etavunedtchratiau*tcmade laquella
Convcntbn s'appliqutaux Antilln nttrlanau juin
1974)
Phillippi.......................................26mars iga (w)
(Aucetntt a25avril1973)
Pologne.........................................18janvh 1975(L.M)
(AveceKttau27(hiri1975)
Portuga.........................................15janvier 1973(L)
(Aveceffaau14 fkvritr 1973)
Rêpubliquearalbymne.............................19ILrritr 1974a (W)
(Avrc tffau21man 1974)
RtpubliqdtCorte*................................2 aoni 1973 e (W)
(Aveceff etIn xptmbrc 1W3)
RtpubliqueDominica..............................2%novembre 1973(W)
(Avecefftiu2âdCmnbre 1973)
RCpubiiqsocialisbviitiqucdeBiéloni............. 31janvier 1973(M)
(Avcedctau 2mm 1973)
Rtpubliquesaialistc rcruitiique.................26 ftvricr 1973(Ml
(AVK tffmau 2%mar1973)
M(Avereffeau10motn1W3) .........................11juillet IW3 a (W1
Royaume-UndeGrande-grcrrragncdn'lrlandtdu...... 25oelobrc 1973(L,M.W)
(AvccCR*au 14novcmhrc1973A l'barduRoyaume-Uni
deGrandbBmagnc ~td'lrlondedu Noaddu Tcrriioircs
fous~wvcrPinntimitorialt du Rnyaumcainsi qudu
Promorat de IkaSabrnonbritanniques)
Sdt ...........................................10juillc~ 1W3a (L. M.W)
(Aveccet au9aoni19731
Tchtcostovaqu...................................10aoltt 1973(L.M, W)
(Ava enetau9 septembre1973)
Unio na RtpubliquesFocialoviéiquc...............19l&er 1973(L,M. W)
(Aveccflearu mars19lJ)

' Yoù p.W duprtxnrvolumepour ktexte drbmçs n dkhrationsfaitbn deIa rari6mlionou de
l'adhkicn. C UniteNations- Tmty *ries NationVnies- Rmitlldn Trait& 189
1975

d) Sil'infraction estcommisA Ikncontreou iibard d'unaéronefdonnC enlocation
sans équipage une personne qui ale siég erincipaldeson exploitationou, ii
défaut,sa residencepermanente dam ledit Etat.
2. Tout Etat contractantprend kgalement le sesure sécessairespourétablir
sacornpbence aux finsde connaîtredes infractions prévuesaualinéasa, bet cdu
paragraphelefde l'articlu, ainsiqu'auparagraphe 2du mëme article, pour autant
que ce dernierparagraphe concerne lesdites infractiondans le casoù l'auteur
présumé de rune d'ellesetrouve sursonterritoire eoù ledit Etane l'extradepas
mnformtment a llsrticle 8vel'undesEtats visesau paragraphe 1H du prksentar-
ticIe.
3. La présente convention n'&carte ucunecompétencepknale exerck con-
formémen tuxlois nationales.
ArrieIe6, 1. S'ilestime que lecirconstanceslejustifient, tout Etat contrac-
tantsur le territoire duquse trouve i'auteuou i'auteuprésumé de l'infraction
assur la détention de cette personneou prend toutesmesures nécekaires pour
assurersa présence.Cette détention etces mesures doivent être conformes B la
législationdudit Etat;dles ne peuvent être maintenues que pendant le délai
nécessairieSengagement depoursuites pénalesou d'une procédure d'extradition.

2. Ledit Etat procéde immédiatement h une enquêtepréliminaire en vue
d'établilesfaits.
3. Toute persinnedésenue en application du paragraphe ldu présentarticle
peut communiquer immddiaternent avec leplusproche représentantqualifide1Etat
dont ella la nationalitd; toutes facilui sontaccordks A cettefin.
4. Lorsqu'unEtat amis une personneendétentionconformémentauxdisposi-
tionsdu présentarticle, il aviseimmédiatementde cetdétention,ainsiquedes cir-
consrances quila justifienIesEtatr mentionnés au paragraphe lmde l'article 5,
1'Etatdont la personne détenua lanationalitéets'ille juge opportuntous autres
Etats intéressés.Etatquiproctde iii'enquêtpréliminaireviskeauparagraphe 2du
présentarticlen communique rapidement lesconclusions auxdits Etats eleurindi-
que s'ilentend exercesacompétence.

Artide 7. LTtat contractant surleterritoire duquel l'autprésumé de l'une .
des infractions esdécouvert, s'il n'extrade pas ce dernisoumetliaffaire,sans
aucune exceptionet que Sinfraction aou non été commisesur son territoireBses
autoritéscompétentespour l'exercicede l'actionpénale.Ces autoritésprennenr leur
décisiondans les mêmec sonditionsque pour toute infraction de droit commun de
caractèregraveconformément aux loisde cetEtat.
Article8, 1. h infractionssont de plein droit comprises comme sas
d'extraditiondanstout traitéd'extraditionconclu entreEtats contractLesEtats
contractants s'engagenAcomprendre Iesinfractions comme casd'extradition dans
touttraitéCextraditionAconclure entreeux.
2. Siun Etat contractantqui subordonne i'extradition àI'existd'un traité
estsaisdYunedemande d'extradition paunautreEtatcontractant aveciaqueliln'est
pasliépar untraittd'extradition, il a lalatitude de considérerlapresmte convention
comme constituant lbase juridiquede i'extraditioen cequi concerne Ia infrac-'
tiom. L'extradition est subordonnéaux autres conditions primespar le droitde
I'Etarequis.
3. Les Etatscontractants quine subordonnent pas {'extraditioA l'existence
d'un traite reconnaissent les infractions comme cas d'extraditioneuxdans les
conditions prévuesparledroit de I'Etatrequis. 4. EntreEtatscontractants,tesinfractionsontconsiddsk auxfui d'extradi-
tioncomme ayantété commisestant aulieudeleurperp&ration qutsurleterritoire
da Etats tenus d'dtablileurcompétence envertu da alinéasb, c etd du para-
graphe 1n.d~i'artide5.

Article9. Les €ta- contractants qui conslitucnt pour le transatricnda
organisationsd'exploitatien commun ou desorganismts internationauxd'txploi-
tationqui exploitentdaaélonefsfaisantl'objed'uneimmatriculationcornmurio eu
internationale désignenpour chaqueakroncf,suivant la madalit& appropritcs,
I'Etatquiexercela compttence etaura lesattributionde l'Eut drmmatriniiation
aux findseiaprilsenteconventionIlaviseron tecettedésignationl'organisatide
l'Aviationcivileinternationale, eniinformeratous lesEtatsPartieh la prdsente
convention.

Article10. 1. Les Etatscontractants s'engagent,conformerneau droitin-
ternational enational,& siefforcedeprendre lesmesures raisonnablesen vuede
prtvenirlesinfractionvisée si'article1".
2. Lorsque le vol d'unatronef a &ré retardtou interrompu du fait dela
perpé~rationde I'unedesinfractionprtvuesh I'articlm, toutEtatcontractantsur
le territoireduquese trouventl'aéronefl,es passage ous Mquipagefaciüte aux
passagerset hl'équipaglapoursuitede leurvoyageavssitatque passible.Ilrestitue
sans retard l'aéronetsa cargaisonA ceuxqui ontledroit dela dbenir.

Ai Il. 1. Les Etatscontracta snacsordentl'entraideudiciairlaplus
largepossibldans routeprockiurepénale relativeauxinfractionDans touslescas,
laloiapplicablepour l'exécutiod'unedemandedkntraide estcelledei'Etarequis.
2. Toutefois, lesdispositionsduparagraphe 1" du prbt articln'agectent
pas les obligations découlantdesdispositionsde tout autre traite de caractére
bilatéraou rnultilattral qui rouirégiraen toutou enmie, le domain de l'en-
traide judiciaire enmatikre pénale.

Article'12. Tout Etatcontractant qua lieudecroireque I'unedesinfractions
prévueshl'articleletseracommisefournit,enconformitt aveclesdispositiondesa
législationationaletousrenseignementsutilesensa possessionauxEtats quiAson
avisseraient leEms viséauparagraphe lecde l'artic5.

Article13. Tout Etatcontranant communiqu aussirapidementque possible
au Conseilde l'Organisatiode I'Aviaiiocivileinternarionaieenconformitt avec
lesdispositionsdsaligifationnationaleIOUSrenseignementsutilesensapossession
relatif:
a) Aux circonstancesde l'infraction;
b) Aux mesures prisesenapplication du paragraph2 de 1'artice0;
c) Aux mesures prises I'bgarde l'auteuou de l'auteurpr&sumdée Pinfractioet
notammentau résultate touteprocédure d'extraditioou de touteautrepro-
cédurejudiciaire.

Article 14. 1. Tout diffkrendentre desEtat contractants concernant finter-
préiarionou i'appIicationdela présentceonventionqui nepeut pas Etrerégitpar
voiede négociaiionestsoumisA i'arbitragelademande deI'und'entreeux.Si,dans
lessixmois qui suiventladaie dlademande dkbitrage, lesPartiesneparvienneni
pas A semettre d'accordsur l'organisatide l'arbitrage, I'unequelconqued'entre

Vol. W4. E-I4118elles peutsoumettreledifftrenA laCour internationaledeJustice, en déposanune
requêteconformémmrau Statut de IaCour.
2. Chaque Etat pourra,au moment où il signeraou ratifierla prtsentecon-
vention ou y adhkrera,déclarerqu'ilne seconsidér eas liépar les dispositiodu

paragrapheprécédent. Lesautres Etats contractantne serontpas liéspar lesdites
dispositions envertourEtat contractaniquiauraformulkunetelle réserve.
3. Tout Etatcontractant qui aura formu16 unerherveconformémen tux
dispositionsdu paragraphe précéden tourra toutmoment levercetteréservepar
une notificationadressk auxgouvernements dépositaires.

Article 15. 1. La prksente conventionseraouverte le 23 septembre 1971h
Montréal B la signaturedes EtarsparticipantlaConférenceinternationale de droit
aerien tenueA Montréaldu 8 au 23 septembre 1971(ci-aprèsdCnomméc trlaCon-
férencede Monirhlbb).Aprés le IOoctobre 1971,elleseraouverte& lasignaturede
tous lesEtarA Washington, &Londree stBMoscou .outEiai qui n'aurapassignéla
convention avant qu'ellesoientrée en vigueurconformément au paragraphe 3 du
présentarticle pourra adhtrer tout moment.
2. La présenteconvention estsoumis hela ratification des Etats signataires.
Les instruments de ratifiearion aique les instrumentsd'adhésionseront déposés
auprèsdes gouvernement s esEtats-Unisd'Amérique ,u Royaume-U neiGrande-
Bretagne eid'Irlandedu Nordet de l'Union desRépubliquessocialistessoviétiques.

qui sontdésignép sarlesprésentescommegouvernementsdépositaires.
3, ta prtsente convention entreraen rigueurtrente joursaprès la date du
dépotdes instruments de ratification ddixEtats signatairesquiontpariicipéh la
Conférencede Montréal.
4. Pour leautresEtats, la prbenteconventionentreraenvigueur la date de
son entréeen vigueurconformément au paragraphe 3 du préseniartide ou trente
jours après la date dudé@[de Ieurs instruments de ratification ou d'adhésion,si
cetteseconde date est postérieu&ela premiéce.
5. Les gouvernementsdépositairesinformeront rapidement touslesEta~squi
signeront la présenteconventioou y adhireronde ladate dechaquesignature, de la

date du dép8tde chaque instrument de ratificaiioud'adhésion,de ladated'entrée
envigueur dela présenteconvention ainsique de toutesautrescornmunicazion~.
6. Dèsson entrée en vigueur, la présenteconventionseraengistréepar les
gouvernements dépositairesconformémentaux'dispositions de I'article 10de la
Chartedes NationsUnies et conformément aux dispositionde l'articS3de laCan-
vention relative Mviation civileinternationale (Chicag1344)'.

ArricIe 16. 1. Tout Etat contractant peuldénoncerla présenteconvention
par voiede notificationécritadresséeaux gouvernementsdépositaires.
2. Ladénonciationprendraeffet sixmoisapres ladate8 laquelllanoiification
aura été reçueparlesgouvernementsdtposiiaires,
EN FOI DEQUOI lesPlénipotentiairessoussignés,dCimeniauiarisés,n[ signela
présenteconvention.

FAIThMoniréal, levingi-iroisiémejour dumois de sepiembrede l'an mil neuf
cent soixanteeonze, eniroisexemplaires originauxcomprenant chacunquatre rex-
lesauiheniiquesrédigé sans les languefrançaiseanglaise,espagnoleei russe.

1 NaiioUn&, Rmucifda Tmit&, vp.ZPS.PouricxtdmProionilarendanicmConveniwn, voir
vol. 320.p.ci 31vol418, 161;vo514p.2û9vol. 7p.21ei vol.p.117. : . ,' , ...
',- . .

:.'!;.
..\..
.,.

I
188 Unlied Nation- Tmiy * NationsUeks - Rmdl dm Trnilts In5 ,

1 quepas si leslieuxmentionn Aél'alinéaa du paragraphe2 duprbentarticle sont
situéssur leterritoire'us neuldesEtats vis& A l'article9A moins que l'infractione
soitcommise ou que I'autwr oul'auteup rrésumd eel'infractionnesoitdhuvert sur
leterritoired'unauireEtat.
I
5. Dansles casvisésh l'aliné aduparagraphe 1" del'articleler,laprtsente
convention ne s'appliqueque si lesinstallationet servicesde navigation ahienne
sontutilistspour lanavigationaérienn eternationale.
6. Zes dispositiondses paragraphes 2, 3,4 et4du présen trticles'appliquent
I &gaiemen tans lescasprévu su paragraph2 edel'articleIcr,

ArticleS. 1. Tout Etat contractantprend les mesures nécessair posur
établi ra compétenc eux finsdeconnaitre desinfractions dans lescas suivants:
I
a) Si I'infractionestcommiss eurle terrÎtoirdecetEtat;
b) Sil'infraction estcommis Ael'encontroeu A bord d'un akronef immatriculd éans
cet Eiat;
I
C) Sil'aérone fbord duquel IYnfracrio estcommiseatterritsurson temtoire avec
l'auteurprbuméde I'infraction setrouvantencore h bord;
(SuiIb noiI dipqc I87)
l%v dudCpdrPinprumrnr
1 dem1&alt3ndWMh aJ
Et## bLan WdLiglcfW)MI
Paragua.......................................5-...... 1974(w)
(Avcceffet4uavr1974)
I Pays-Ba......................................27a091... 1973R.M. W)
cikSurinm.ctavKunedictaraiiontermcsLaqueUe
Conventios'appliqueauAntiUcnkrlandaiwaujuin
1914) ,.
I Phillipp.....................................26mars.. in3 (w)
(Aveccffctau25avril3973)
Polo.qn......................................t~janvicF. lm a.MI
Ponuga.......................................IJjanvier 1973(LI
I (AveceKtiau 14fhtner1973)
RCpubliqucaraklibyr..........................19[hier. 1974a(W)
(Avn:cffau2tmm 1974)
R&pubiiquct ork..............................2aoOt. 1973i{W]
1Awcccffci au Icr sepicmbrr1973)
1 R(AVKlCECIu28dkembrt1973)....................28novembre 1973p)
R4publiqucaofiwvictiqdeBiiloru~r.............31janvicr 1973(M)
(Aveceffau2 mar1973)
Rtpubiiqsacialxivférie'llkrai................26ftvner IV3 (Ml
I (Am effetau 28 mari 1973)
R(Ambteffau 1?I~I1973).......................II juülct 1973a (W)
Royaume-UdeGrandeBrctagc1d'IrlandeduNordg....25mobm 1573Q.M. W)
(Aveceffau24novmbrr I9îA.I'&gaduRoyaume-Uni
I de Grarrdt+Brqn? d'Irhndu NordetderTaritoiru
mur swvcraimtéimitoriak du Royaumt+Unquedusi
Sutd....+....................................10juilttr 1973a(1.M. W)
{AVK eAetau aolit 1973)
T~hkmlwiquie.................................10aoD~. 1973(L, w)
I (Avecefit auscptmbre 1973)
UniodmRCgubliqucscckktsoviCtiquu.............19 ltvMr 1973[L,M.W)
(Avtc cncr21mars1973)
'Voir p. du prCmi volumpour [exidcsMu a dklarationslalorscla dc~tianou
1 radhésion.

Vol. 974. 1-11118

I

I19-75 UnitedNation- Tmty Series NationsUnies- Recueidw Trait& 189

d) Sil'infractioestcommise Al'encontreou hbord d'unaéronef donnt en location
sans équipage h unepersonne qui a le siégeprincipade son exploitation ouA
dtfaut, sarésidencepermanentedans IeditEtal.
2. Tout Etarcontractant prendégalement lesmesures nécessairepour établir
sa compétenceaux hs de connaîtredes infractionprévuesaux alinda a,b etc du
paragraphe lede l'articlelm,ainsiqu'aparagraphe2du même articlepourautant
que ce dernierparagrapheconcerne lesditesinfractions, dans lças ob I'auteur
prtsumk del'uned'ellessetrouve sur sonterritoire eoù lediEtat ne l'extradepas
conformémenthl'article 8vers SundesEtats vis4au paragraphe lff duprésena tr-
ticle.
3. La presente convention n'écarteaucune compétence phale exercéecon-
formémentauxlois nationales.
I. Fi1estimeque les circonstanceslejustifient, tout,Etat contrac-
Article6.
tant surleterritoirduquel se trouve l'auteurou IiauteuprbumC de i'infraction
assure la détentionde cette personneou prend toutes mesures nécessaire sour
assurer saprésence.Cette détentionet ces mesures doivent êtreconformes B la
législationdudit Etat; ellene peuvent être maintenuesque pendant le délai
nécessairh Ikngagernent de poursuitespénalesou d'une procMure d'extradition.
2. Ledit Etat procède immediatement uneenquête préliminaireen vue
d'ttablir lesfaits.
3. Toute personne détenue'en applicationdu paragraphe ICVuprésentarticle
peutcommuniquer immddiatemenr avec leplusproche représentantqualifideI'Etat
dont ella lanationalité;toutes facililuisont accordées cettefin.
4. Lorsqu'un Etat amisune personne endétention conformémen tuxdisposi-
tionsdu présentarticl ilaviseimmédiatemen dtcettedttention,ainsique descir-
constances quila justifienks Etats mentionnésau paragraphe le'de i'article5,
1"Etatdontla personnedétenuea la nationalitt es'illjuge opportun, tous autres
Etats intéressbL'Etatqui proçédehIknquZtepréliminaire viséeau paragraphe 2du
prbsentartide en communiquerapidement lesconclusiansauxdits Etatset leur indi-
que s'ientendexercer sacompétence.

Article 7. L'Eut contractant surle territoire duqul'auteuprésumé del'une
des infractions est dkouvert, s'il n'extrade pas ce dernier, soumet l'afsanse,
aucune exceptionet quel'infractionait ou non étcommise sur sonterritoireA ses
autoritéscomp&entespour lkxerçicede i'actionptnale. Cesautoritésprennent leur
décisiondans lesmemes conditions que pourtoute infraction de droit communde
caracthe graveconformément auxlois de cetEtat.
Article8. 1. Les infractiom sont de plein droit comprises comme cas
d'extraditiodanstout trait&d'extraditionconcluentrEtatscontractants.LesEtats
contractants s'engagenAcomprendre les infractionscommecas d'extraditiondans
touttraitd'extraditionhconclure entre eux.
2. Siun Etat contractant qusubordonn lextraditioA l'existencd'untraite
estsaisid'undemande d'extraditionpar un autre Etat contractavecleque1iln'est
paslitparuntraited'extraditionila lalatitude de considérerla prdseconvention
commeconstituant la base juridique de l'extraditionecequi concerneles infrac-
tions.L'extraditioest subordonnée aux autres conditions prévuepar le droitde

fEtat requis.
3. Lw Etats contractants qune subordonnent pasl'extraditionh l'existence
d'untraitereconnaissentles infractions commecasd'extraditionentreeux dans les
conditionsprévuespar ledroitde I'Etatsequi$.
Vol971. bl41iE 4. EntreEtatscontractants, lesinfractions sconsidtrk aux find'extradi-
tioncomme ayantétkcommises tantau lieudeIeurperpttrationquesur leinritoirc
des€ta& tenus d'étabiieur compétencem vertu da afin& b, cetd du para-
graphe lede l'article5.
Article9. Les Etats contractants qui constituentpourIetranspoaerienda
~rganisations&exploitatioen communou des organismesinternationauxd'txploi-
tation quiexploiteds abronefsfaisantl'objetd'unimmauiculation commune ou
internationale dbignent, pour chaquaeronef, suivantlesmddirés appropriés,
I'Etatquiexercela compétence etaura les attributions de I'Ed'immatriculation
auxfin de laprésesecoenvention.Ilaviserontdecettedésignationl'organisatiode
l'Aviationcivileinternationaqui en informera tous leEtatsPartiesAlaprtsente
convention.

ArticleIO. 1. LesEtatscontractantss'engagent ,odotmhent au droitin-
ternational et nationAls'efforcede prendre Iesmesure raisonnablesen niede
prévenirlesinfractionviséesAl'articleler.
2. Lorsque le vol d'unaéronef a &té retardeou interrompu du fait dela
perpitration dl'unedesinfractionsprbvues41i'articlm, tout Etat contractasur
leterriioire duquese trouventl'aéronef,les passagerou I'bquipagefaciliaux
. passageriet ài'équipagIapoursuitede leurvoyage aussitôt qupossible11restitue
sans retardl'aéronefet sa cargaisoAceuxqui ontle droitdelesdétenir.

Article Il. 1. LesEtatscontractantss'accordentl'entraidjudiciairlaplus
largepossibledans touteprocédurepénale relativauxinfractionsDans tous lecas,
la Ioiapplicablpour l'extcutiod'und eemande d'entraidestde de I'Etatrequis.
2. Toutefois,lesdispositions du paragraphe 1du présenatrticle nYaEmeni
pas lesobligations découlantdes dispositionsde taut autre traitde caractére
bilateraournultilatkralqui rtgou régira, entououenpartie, tedomainedel'en-

traide judiciaienmatièrepénale.
Article 12. Tout Etatcontractant quialieudecroireque l'unedesinfractions
prévuessil'articla seracommise fournit,enconfornitr2aveclesdispositiondesa
législationnationaletousrenseignementsutiles~Isapossession aux Etatsqui4son
avis seraiele s tatvisésau paragraphe IR de I'articIe5.

Article 13. Tout Etatcontractantcommuniqu aussirapidement quepossibk
au Conseil de l'Organisatiode l'Aviationcivileinternationalenconformitkavec
ledispositionde salégislationationale, tousrenseignementsutils enpossession
relatif:
a) Aux circonsiancese l'infraction;
bp Aux mesures priseen appIicationdu paragraphe 2 de l'article10;

C) Awi mesuresprise hsl'égarde l'auteuou de l'auteuprésumd éefinfracrioet
notammeni aurkultat de toute procedured'extraditionoude toute autre prw
cedurejudiciaire.
Article14. 1. Tout diffbrendentre desEtat contractants concernant l'inter-
prétationou l'applicaliode la prknte conventionqui nepeut pas Ztreréglépar
voiedenkgociationestsoumis il'arbitrage,lademande de1Zind'entreeux.Si,dans
lessixmoisqui suiventladate de la demande d'arbitraglesFanies neparviennent
pas hse meitred'accordsur l'organisaliode l'arbitragel'unequelconqued'enire
*1975 UnIlcdNations- Tmty Series NationUnios- arcutida Tmltb 191

ellespeut soumettre ledifférend la Cour interna~ionaiedJustice,endtposant une
requêteconform6ment au Statut de la Cour.
2. Chaque Etat pourra, au moment ou il signerou ratifierlaprthente con-
vention ou y adhérera,déclarerqu'il nese considire pas liepar lesdispositionsdu
paragraphe précédent .es autres Etats contractants nserontpas liéspar lesdites
dispositionsenverstout Etatcontractantqui aura formuleune telleréserve.

3. Tout Etat contractant qui aura formule une réserveconformément aux
dispositionsdu paragraphe précéden tourra A tout moment levw cette réservepar
une notificatioadressé euxgouvernements dépositaires.

Ariiçle IS. 1. La'présente conventionsera ouverte le 23 septembre 1971h
MontrCal rilasignaturedes Etatsparticipant iila Conférenceinternationalede droit
aérien tenueA Monireal du 8au 23 septembre 1971(ci-aprés dénommk{e(la Con-
ferencede Montréal*).Aprésle 10octobre 1971,eIle seraouverte21lasignaturede
ious leEtats BWashington, A Londreset A Moscou T.out Etai qui n'aupas signéla
convention avantqu'elle soitentréeen vigueur conformémentau paragraphe 3 du
présent articlepourra yadhkrerA tout moment.
S. La présenteconvention estsoumis ela ratificationdesEtatssignataires.

Les instruments de ratificationainsi qulesinstrumentsd'adhésionseront déposes
auprèsdesgouvernementsdesEtats-Unisd'Amérique,du Royaume-Ud neGrande-
Bretagneet d'Irlandedu Nord etde 1Wniondes Républiquessocialistes soviétiques,
qui sontdésignép sar lesprésentescomme gouvernements dépositaires.
3. La présenteconvention entrera en vigueur trente joursaprès la datedu
dépôt des insiruments de ratificationde dix Etais signatairesqui ont partihila
Conférencd eeMontréal.
4. Pour lesautres Etats, la présenteconventionentreen vigueurhladatede
son entrée en vigueur conformément au paragraphe 3 du preseni artide ou trente

jours après ladate du d6pÔtde leurs instruments de ratificati0n.o~d'adhésion,si
cellesecondedate est postérieure Iapremiére.
5. Les gouvernements dépositairesinformeront rapidement ious lesEtaisqui
signerontlaprésenteconventionouy adhérerontdeladatede chaque signature,de la
date du dép6tde chaque instrumentde ra~ificationou d'adhésion, eladate d'entrée
envigueur de Iapréscnteconvention ainsi que detoutes autres communications.
6. Dèsson entréeen vigueur, la présenieconventionsera engistréepar les
gouvernements dépositairesconformément aux'dispositions de l'article 102de la
Charte desNationsUnies ciconformément aux dispositionsde L'arti83ede la Con-
vention relative I'Aviationcivileinternationale (Chicago, 1944)'.

Article16. 1. Toul Eiar contractant Peut denoncerla présente convention
par voie de notificationécriteadressaux gouvernementsdépo~ilaircs.

2. La dénonciation prendraeffesixmoisaprès ladaiebiaquellelanotification
auraéié recuepar lesgouvernements dépositaires.
EN FOI DE QUOI lesPlénipotentiairessoussignés,dûment autorisésoni signéla
presenieconvention.
FAIT B Montréal,levingi-lroisièmejour du moisde septembre de l'an milneuf
ceni soixantetonze, en iroiexemplaires originauxcomprenantchacun quaire iex-
iesauiheniiquesrédigéd sans leslangues française,anglaise,espagnoleet russe.

9NatronUni-RlcyrildTm&. uol. 15295PourIntarida Proiocolrrarnrndantcele Cvoiriion,
vol 320.p. ZW211volal&p. 161:vol. 5X)9vol74û.p21.tvol. 893, p. 117.Lbt ofsignaturesqffpxo ed theoriginal Liste des signatures appmPer sur
ofthe Convention deposil eidhthe l'originl e10Convention ddpos& au-
Governmenf of the UnitedSrares oJ ph du Gouvernemen tesEta~s - nis
AmericP' d'Amérique'

Argentine Republic,the:
[Républiqu egenrinej*:

[R.TE~~WRINI]'

[o. A. AINCHIL]

Australia,theÇommonwealthof:
[Aurtralie,Commonwealtd h'j :

[J.PLI~LL]
12October1972'

Aust ria,theRepu blicof:
[Autriche,Rdpubligue dl :

[A. HALUSA]
13Novemkr 1972'

Belgium, theKingdomof:
[Belgique,Royuume de]:

[A. X. PIRSON]

Hrazil,the~ederativRc epublicofr
[Brésil,RPpubliqufeéùPrutivedu] :

[E.C. SANTOS]
Subjecttoreservatiounder Article14,paragraphs 2

and 1"

1Tk rithout divariIfdil Maniruon23 Scpttm1971(InfomatrugpW by
23-brcmcalJnRaApmmiitcdrourwi)k Gouvammenidn Etats-&AmCrique)ippwfesi Momrtrl k
~~ht~iarhtnartui~a~f~hcarmaofSuirr~beiivecnbipflrcuwsuwWbyrheSrxrrurDr~f
~
Uaited~-lruiduaionfnaFigedesnomrdaEuudaMLeaiyepaharihCfwmiep~rkSmCuté
u&
WKIP da NationsUniu.
~N~*(*lo~~*<ioa>b~aram~~~u*~vi~mpp~~iheG-mlofihe
UaitedSutaofAmaici-Ln nomrdcrsbtairadon& entfaochetbnmi iUtubarontttfournipak
Gwvan-t deEwWnk #Amtrique.
4 Iiwumbw 1972.
SausM-&Œdeh rkfw prtvucauxpnmgraphn2Ldeÿ-nkk k1.204 UnilcdNation- Tmiy Seriti NaltoaUnies - Remdi daTm&& 1975

Bulgaria,the People'sRepublicof:
[BulgarieR, RPpubiiqproepulairede]:

[L.G~~uurav]
With a resarvationunder p.2, artic1 4e'

ByelorussianSovietSocialistRepublic:
{Rdpublique sociaiistesoviétiqudeBiélontsrie]:

[V. 1. LUKYANOVICH]
[Forthetexiof anidenficuldeclararions,ep. 213 ofthk volume - Pourle taxte
d'unedéclaration identique,voirp. 213du prPsenrvolume.]

Cameroon,theFederal Republic of: . ,
[Cameroun,Républiq fudPraleduJ:

Canada:
[Canada :]

Chad,theRepublic of:
[Tchad, République du] :

[A. AGANAYE]

Çhile, theRepublicof:
[Chili,République du]:

China,the Republicof:
[Chine,Républiquedel :

[Signed- Signé]'

Calombia,the Republic of
[Colombie, Républiquede] :

Conga, thePeople'sRepublicofthe:
[Congo.République populaire du] :

[F.X. OLLAS~A]

Costa Ria, the Republicof:
[Cafa Rica.République du]:

'Avccunrcxrvr au parag2. arr14,
SignebySM. Kao-Sine paS.M. Kao.Gzechoslovak SocialisRepublic:
[RPpublique socialistrchécasv laque] :
[B. VACHATA]

Withreservationunder par. 2. Article14'

Denmark,theKingdomof:
[ilmemark,Royaumed4 :

[E. BARTELS]
0ctober 17th-72'

Egypt, Arab Republicof:
[Egvpie,RPpublique ambedl :

Ethiopia,theEmpire of:
[E~hiopie, mpire dl :

Finland,theRepublicof:
[FinlandeR,Pprrbliquede$ :

French Republic,the:
[Républiqu feraç :

Gabonese Republic, the:
[RPpubligu~gabonaise] :

Germany,the FederaIRepublicof:
[Allemagne , épubliqufebdéra d']:

[H. GROEPPER~

Hungarianfeople'sRepublic: . . .. .
[Républiqu e oputairehongroisel :

[SANDOR I, TVAN]

India,the Republic of
[Inde,République de17 :

[Lw K. HA]
Decernber 11 1972'

Indonesia,theRepublicof:
[IndonésieR, épubliquedl :

Ireland:
[Irlande]:

'%us h rame prévuauwtagraphcderanic14.
Iwtobrc1WZ,
ldtchnbr1972.
L Vol. 974.1-14118lsraeltheStateof:
ilsra ëta,d']:

[Signed- SigndJ'
[Signed- Signd '

ItalianRqwblic,the
IRPpubliquietalienne:

Jamaica:
[Jmufque] :

IK.O. RATTIAY]
[G. B. MORRIS]

Japan:
[Japon]:

Kenya,theRepubiic of:
[Kenyu,RPpubIigu eu]:

Kom, theRepublic of:
[Code, Républiquede]:

Lebanon, theRepubiicof:
[Liban,R4pubfiquedu]:

Malagasy Repubüc he:
[RPpubliqu e algache:]

Mexican States,theUnited:
[Mexique,Etas-Unis du]:

[.!J.DE OLLOPUI]
January 25th 1973'

Netherlands he Kingdom of the:
[Pays-BasR, oyaume dm] :

[W. RIPHAGEN]
[M.R.MOK]

New Wmd:
[Nouwlle-Zélande 1

Si& bbN. Btn-Y&*-St paN.gai-Ychuda.
SigncéE.&n-Yakit-Si~t E.k-Yokir.
t6~1cmbrlm.73.
C
Vd. W4.I-11III1975 UnitedNidons - Tmty krks i NationsUnkr - RrnicildtsTniits M7

Norway,the Kingdom of:
[NotvPge.Royaumede] :

Philippines,the Republic of the:
[Philippines,RPpubiigue des]:
[P. AWAOILI]

IL. T. CADAY]
[R. CARS I RUZ]

Polish People'sRepublic:

[République populairedePoiognel :
[S. DABROWA]

Portugal,the Republic of:
[Portugal, RPpublique du] :

Romania,Socialist RepubIic of:
[Roumanie,République sociaiirrede] :

[G.IONITA]

July 10,1972'
1. "The SocialistRepublic of Romania statesthat
Ishe]doesnot considerherselfboundbytheprovisiono sf
Article 14,point1,of theConvention forthe Suppression
of Uniawful Acts Againstthe Safetyof Civil Aviation,

done at Montrealon Septernber 23, 1971, which stipu-
latesthat thedifferences concerning the inrerpretation
or the putting inro force of the present Convention,
which have not been settledthroughnegotiations o be
submitted tothe Internationa l oun of Justiceatthere-
quat of eachaf the partiesinvolved.

The position of theSocialistRepublic of Rornania
isthatsuchdifferencesshouldbesubmitted to theInter-,
nationalCourtof Justice only withthe consent of althe'
partiesinvolved, for eachsinglecase.'"

Senegal,the Republc of;
[SénPgal R,PpuGIique du] :

South Africa. the Republic of:
!Afïqaie du Sud, RPpubfique de 17 :

IOjuül1972.
~BADUCTION-TAANSLATW#~1.La Répubtiqeial~tde Rouinandklarc qu'clseconsidtrcpasliée
parkfdupsitions du Wapk 1de l'ankIddeLaConventipur la&raiond'actrsill'iies conilr
*uritc del'aviationciviBMontrCaIcUseptemb1971quistipquetoutdiffhd concernantI'intrrprha-
iionadeSunicbla rcquttrde1quekonqudespanin cn cause.nkgociatcrtmumis la Courinterna-

qu'avk mnxntemenidt lourmIParth encauw danschawc car.csourniCourinttrnarionaJurriceSpain:
[Espagne] :

Sweden,theKingdom OF:
[Suède ,oyaume de]:

Swisç Confederation ,he:
[Coqfédératiosn uise] :

Tanrania, rhe United Republic of:
[Tanzanie, RPpubllque-Uniede] :

Triïiidndand Tobago:
[Trinifé-eT-obago] :

[ELLIC SLARKE]
9th Febrary,1972'

Uganda,the Republic of:

[Ou~anda.RPpublique de II :

Ukrainian .SovietSocialisRepublic:
[RkpubliquesocialistesoviPlique d'Ukraine]:
[Signed - Signé]'

[Forthetm ofan identicaldeclararion,eep. 217ofthisvolume - Pour letexte
d'une déclarfaionidentique, voirp. 27 du présent volume.]

Union ofSovietSociaIistRepublics:
[Union desRipubliques iocialh~essoviétiques]:

[Signed- SignPj'
[For the textof an identicaldeclumrion, seep. 218 of this volume - Pour le
reHe d'unedéCI~rati0indentique, voirp.218 du p&enr volume.]

Uni~edKingdomof GreatBri~ainandNorthernIreland:
[Royaume - nide Grande-Bretagne etd'lriundeduNord :

United StatesofAmerica:
[Etats-Unb d'Amérique] :

1 9fivri1972.
Sindby IIlyushchenko-Signepar1.Ilyouchtchmko.
SigncdM. Oxirov-SignC N.Orxtrov.
Vol974. 1-14118 C1975 UnilcdNatioa- Trealy Srn*s NationUnie - RmrH dcsTmltk 209

Venezuela, theRepublic of:
[Venezuela,Rdptibliguedu] :

Ad referendrrm
[J. MÉNDEZ]

Yugoslavia,the SocialistFederalRepublicof:
[YougoslavieR, épubliquefPdérars iocialhredel :

Zambia,the Republic of:
[Zambie, Répirbliguede] :

Luxembourg,theGrand Duchy of:
[LuxembourgG , rund-Duché de] :

Le 29 novembre 1971'

Haiti,the Republicof:
[Haïti, RPpubIiqued'j :

IR. CHALMEUS]
6janvier1972>

Panama, Republic of:
[Ponama, Rdp:püb/iqueu] :

18Enero 1972'

Greece,the Kingdomof:
[Grèce, Royaumedel :

[B. VIT~AXIS]

the9th of February1972'

Mongolian People'sRepublic:
IRPpubliquepopulaire mongole] :
[M. DUGERSUREN]

Niger, theRepublicof:
[Niger, RPpubiiquedd :

(O.G. YouSSOVJFQU]
6thMarch 1972"

29Koicmbn1971.
t8Janua1972- janvi1972.
' Le9 itvr1412.
tSftvr1972.
6 mar1972.210 UelttdNntloa- Tmty 5th NationsUnic- RmeU du Tdtb ln5

Jordan,theHashemite Kingdom of:
[Jordanie,Royaume hachdmifede]:
(2.Mvm]

2 May, 1972'

Guatemala, theRepublic of:
[Guatemala, Rtfpubliqqedu] :

[J.ASBHSIO-WUNDERLICH]
May 9,1972'

Dorninican Republic:
[Répubfique dominicaine]:
[S.ORTIZ]

May31, 1972'

Rwanda,the Republicof:
[Rwanda,République du] :

[FIDEL EKU WDABAGENZI]
lune 26. 1972'

Turkey,the Republicof:
!Turquie,République de] :
[MELIH ESENBEL]

July5, 1972'

Laos, theKingdm of:
[Laos, Royaumedu] :

[BHENG NORINDR]
Nov. 1st1972b

Singapore,the Republic of:
[Singapour,Rdpublique de] :

[E. S.MONTEIRO]
21 Nov. 1972

Cyprus, the Republicof:
[Chypre,Républiquedel :

28Nov. 1972

2mai19?2.
29md 1972.
'41.d 1972.
*5juülnIWZ. , *.
6lm mvcmbrc 1972.Nicaragua,theRepublicof:
[Nicaragua, épubliqdu]:
[Dr.G~~ERMO SEVU-SACMA]
Diciembr22,1972'

Paraguay,theRepubIicof:
[Poraguuy,Rdpubliqdu] :

Ad referendum
[MIGUE SOLAN O ~PEZ]
Enero23de 1973'Listofsignaiuresaffted onthe original Liste des signatures appas& sur,
of the Conventiondepasited wifh the i'originade laConvention d&pde q
Govemnient of the UnitedKingdom ph du Gotl~nteme~i du Royaume-
of Great Britain and Northern Uni de Grande-Bretagn etd'Irlandedu

Ireland' Nor&

ArgentineRepublic,the:

[RPpubIigu ergentine]':.

Australia, theCommonwealth of:
[Autralie, Commonwealthdl :

ALEXANDE DOWNFR

12thOctober1972'

Austria, the Republic of:

[Autriche,République d'j:
WILFRIE PDLATZER

13th November1972'

Barbados:

[Barbade]:

Belgium,the Kingdom of:
IBelgique,Royaume de] :

Brasil, theFederative Republic of:
[Brésil,République fPdérativedu] :
f
EDIVIO SAKCTQ~
Subjectro reservationunderArticle14,paragraphs 2
and l5
!

Thesignatum g uithoudaiamre affi*aiMontrd on23Scplmkr l9YflnfomwhnnrpplicbJ
theGovemmaitof theUnimiKII-of trat BntainandNanh Imbnd)-k sigmturaonaiiviesdc OR^
htappodm d Monirhlk 23membre197(Rmuiycmcntfourni IcGouvernanedu Royaume-Uni eGran
Brnagnterd'IrladuFiord). "I
TheFrenchtranslaof ihe nama of SappearmgbetrebrackcwassuppüedbytheSa~crariaihc
I'OrgankatdcsNationsUnies.wrvda nomsda Eiaisdonnmrrecrorhriht fournparIcSccrhari4?
12mobrc 1912. :
*13novcmbre1972. mi i
5%us bittéhdebrtxrvt prkaux paragrapnc2deI'anic14. I
i
Vol. 974.1-14138 UnitedNations - Trent?Series NationsUnies - Rmieii da Tnltts 113
175
r

ulgaria,the Pecple'sRepublicof:
üIgarie,R&pupubliq p/ipurleairde] :
1
i n. XEIIR;KOBI
With a reservation under p. 2, article142
i
ByeIorussia noviet SocialistRepuMic:

[Rkpublique socialisresovic'iiquea'e,BiPlomiel :

Cameroon ,he Federal Republic of
[Cameroun ,épublique fédéra l e]:

Canada:.
[Canada] :

Chad, the Republic of:

[Tchad, RPpubliquedu] :

Chile, the Republicof:
[Chili,Républiquedu] :

China,the Republic of:

[chine, République dp] :

'L.Wikov.
2SousLartxm prcvuauparagraphdei'anic14.
V.Zukr;u~vich.
'~~~ATK)H'-TRAD~H**] 1%~Byel~rumanSOYLCSIIiMiii R~p~bIiedm net Eonsidrritwlbybound
pliçationof ihcConwnto arbitraorto theIp~nnatwC!unna!thc-/eq!-cf~of onemi-.th?tioaap-
' TranrLBtnipüodbyrheGovmimaitofik UnilaiKmgdm.
..Tradunionfourpark Gwivananmtdu Royaume-Uni.
~~~~üCTlOh-f~h~si~fto~] R&ubhqut~0~ialiSit SO~ÜtiBs)oniS%knSC mnsidbe pS$Lik pk5
dirwriiions du paragrdeL'artice4 prévouia%umkion da diRtren onmani Pmterpihatbn ol'ap
pliwion deb Conucniioi'arùitrag&buCour iniematiodla rcqu2derunequeloanqdg pan*.
5Sincd byS.M. Kao-ÇignC paM.SKao. -

Vol914, 11841Colombia, the Republicof:
[Colombie ,épubligue de]:

Congo, the People'sRepublicof the:
[Congo,République populaire du] : .
F-X. OLL~A

Costa Rica,theRepublicof:

[Costu Rica,RPpublique du] :

Czechoslovak SoeialistRepublic:
IRPpirbliquesocialisichdcoslovague] :

BOH VACHATA
Witha reservationunderpar.2, Article14'

Denmark,the Kingdom of:
[Danemark,Royaume du] :

Egypt, ArabRepublicof:
[Erne, RPpublique arabedl :

Ka RIFAAT
24/1 I/1972

Ethiopia,the Empireof:
[Efhiopie,Empire dl :

Finland, the Republicof:
[Finlande,R4publique de] :

FrenchRepublic, the:
[RPpu bliqufranpire] :

Gabonese Republic ,he:
[République gabonaisel:

Germanyt, heFederalRepublicof:
(Allemagne,République JPdPraIed) :

Vd. 974.1.11111 UdZd Nations - Tmty Sek NailansUaks - Rmidl desff~ltb 215
p

t
hngarian People's Republic:
)dpubliquepopulairehongroise] :

)dia,theRepublic O£:
hde, R4pubIigue de II :

! M. RASMTRA
11 December 1972'

odonesia.the Republic of:
fndonbie* Repubîiqued'j :

reland:
Irlande] :
I
sraelthe Stateof:
Israël, Etetdl :
[Signed- Signie]"

[Siglte- Signé]'

IialianRepublic,the:
:Rdpubliqueitalienne]:

lamaica:
[Jamaïque] :

Japan:
[Japon] :

Kenya,theRepublicof:
[Kenya, République du] :

Korea,theRepubLc of:
ICorPe,R&pu bliquede] :

Lebanon, the Republic of:
(Liban,RPpubliguedu] :

MalagasyRepublic, the:
[Républiqu meaigache] :

Ildkmbrt 1972,
2 SicdbyN. Bm-Yehuda-Sinpr M.Bcn-Yehuda.
3 Sid byE.Bm-Yaku-SignCpar E. Ben-Yakir.
.. Vd. P74.1-14111116 UniteNaüoas- Tmty &rie i NaliaaUnk - RttncUd& Trsll& 1975

Mexican StatestheUnited:
[Mexique,Etats-Unisdu):

Netherlands,theKingdomof the:
[Pays-Bm, Royaume der]:

W. RIPHAGEN
M. R.NOK

New Zealand:
[Nouvelle-Zélande]

Nonvay. theKingdomof:
[Norvège,Royaume de] :

PhilippinestheRepublicof the:

1Philippines,RPpübliquedes]:
.P.V. AGCAOILI
LEON T.CADAY

REM~GC ARSI-CRUZ

PolisfPeople'sRepublic:
[RkpubliquepopuloiredePologne] :
S. DABR~WA

Portugal,the Republiof:

[Por~ugaiRPpublique du]:
JOAQUT RMENATQ P~NT OOARES

Romania,SocialistRepublicof:
[Roumanie, RPpuliqrresocialide]: '

Senegal,theRepublicof:
ISPnégaR i,RPpublideu]:19% UnitedNations - TreatySeries NationsU~KS - Reeurilda Tipitk 117

SouthAfrica, the Republic of:
[Afrique du Srrd,RPpublique de II :

Spain:
manel :

SANTA CRUZ
15-2-72

Sweden, the Kingdomof:
[Suède, Royaume de] :

Swiss Confederation, the:
[Con fbdkrarionsuisse] :

Tanzania,the Unitd Republic of:
[Tmanie, Rkpublique- Unie del :

Tainidad andTobago:

[Trinité-et-Tobago ]

Uganda, the Republic of:

[Ouganda, République de14:

Ukrainian Soviet SocialistRepublic:
[République socialistesovidiqired'Ukraine] :

M. YLTI~IOIUHKOI

M~~~BHT~~CTBO YK~HHCKO COAB~KO#COUHB-
~u~HWCKO~~ Pecny6nu~~ He CqHTaeT C&H CEfl3aHHbIM
IiOîIOXeHHRMii nyHKTâ 1 CTaTbH 14, IIpetfYCMaTpH-
BaMüleTO, qTO CnOPbl O TOnKOBâHHH HnH npHMeHeHHH

KOHB~HU IepeHâloTCU B Ap6nfpax WH B MeXLly~a-
pon~b~B Cyn no rpe6onaaaw onaoA ~3 CTOPOH s-
cnope. )k2

1 1.IiuJciimko.
~IUH~UTWN'-TMD~C~N*~~ TheGovernrnmt theVkrmianSowaSmialisiRcpubdo- noconrida
ildf boundby ihe provofparagra1hofAflscleprovidmgfdisputcrwnccrninginierpmaiionor ap
phaion ofihCnnvcnrionio k ref10arbitrarortoihInier~tionCounaiherquw ofoneofihcparties
toihcdiipu~~.
TranslationzupbytheGovemmcniof theUniKingdom.
..TdireiiolourniparkGwvmicmmt du Royaume-Uni.
v~u~ucnorr-T~~~sunosj ZrGouvanmimi dela RCpubliwcialisovihiqd'Ukramc nseconridke
pas!IparLsdisporitbnsduparagraphe1del'14prtvoyalawumissidu difftrcndrconcernantPmmprCta-
tioou S'applicadc la Convrnil'arbhrigcolCourrnicrnationadcmandcdc I'uquetcmqucd~par-
im audiffkrmd.Unionof Soviet SmialistRepublics:
[Union des RPpubligues mcialistesso viétiquesj:

QCEIWB'
«npaslmmmo Cow3a Co~e~cmaCo-m-
ueam PecrryOm irecrurra ~e r cmaamb~~nono-
xemn ZZYHKT ~mamn 14, qxaycMa'fpHBaK)um,

qT0 CnOPbl O TûmtO~ HmrnpKMeH- KoH~~UKH
nepenm B Ap6u~px mi B Memmapol~~~A Qn
no ~OMHHH) ornofi ~3CTO~H Bcnope.3

United Kingdomof Great BritainandNorthm Ireland:
(Roy~ume-Unide Gronde-Bretagn et d'IrlandeduNor4 : .

United Staresof Arnerica:
[Etois-Un& d'tlmérique]:

Venezuela.the Republicof:
[Venezuela,RPpubliquedu]:

Ad referendum
J. MENDEM Z ORENO

Y ugoslavia.the SocialisFederalRepublic of:
[Yougoslavie,Républiquf ePdérris rocvilistede] :

Dr. TQDE CURUYIIA

Zarnbia,the Republic of:
[Zombie,Rdpubfique de] :

Luxembourg, the GrandDuchy of:
[Luxembourg. Grand-Duché de] :
A. J. CLASEN

24 Novernber, 1971'

' Dxcrov.
2 [TRANSL~~DN.-TRADUC~~H*TheGovnnmmi of iUnionof SovietWtiRcpublidŒs no~n~ida
ituhund by thprovisiofparagraph1Anick I4providfor dirputmmrif~niin#theùiterpmapion or
pliariofihcConventtobertlcrIOarbitratortiheInIrnatioCaunaiihe rqum QIoneoftpanus
torhdispute.
..Transiaiionsuppld GovcrnrneniofUnitedKim.
Tnduclion loparIGouvcmemcndu itoyaumc-Wm.
pasIparIndispositduparagrapheI dc I'ariulc 14Lroumisioda différconccmaniI'iirrprCta-
tionou I'applicationdclaCIi'srbiiouBIa CourinternathlademanddePunequckonqudmpar-
ticsau diKirend. C
3 24novembre1911MongofianPeople'sR~epublic:
[RL'publigpopuiairemongole):
The MongoIian People'sRepublicdoesnot con-
sideritsebound bytheprovisionsof paragraph1 of
Anicle14I

&U~WW' .
1972.1.25
Jordan,theHashemirK eingdomof:
[Jordanie,RoyaumehachPrnitdee]:

WALEE MD.SADI
April17,197z3

Fiji:
[Fia :
J.R. RABUKAWAQA
21August 1972'

Botswana ,heRepublicof:
[Botswana.Républiquedu]:
G. K. T.CHIEPE
12thOctober, 1972$

Yemen ArabRepublic,the:
[Ybmen ,4publiqu~mbe du] :

Cypms,theRepublic of:
[Chypre,Rdpubliquedel:

C. A. AJHIOTIS
3,Novernber,197z6
Singaporehe Republicof:
[Singapour,R4puligde]:

LEE YONGLENG
21 November,1972'

Laos t,eKingdomof:
[hm, Royaume du]:220 UnitedNnitons- Tmi~ Series NationsUak - Remdl daTdtb 1975

Lisl ofsignatui=ea sffue dn the original Lhte des signatum apposP~sur l'mi-

of the Coriveniondeposited witli the ginai delu Con ventioirddposé e pr&
Gorernmenr of the UnionofSoviet du Gouvernemenr de!'UniondesRb-
SocialktRepublicsl pubIiquessocialistes sovi8fiquest

3a Ben~~oe tepuorcmo n~rcce~6ypr:
[For rhe Grand Dsichy of Ll~irembourg]:
[Pourle Grand-Duché de Luxembourg] :

[A. E. ME~SH]

7 nexa6prr 1971 r.2

3aMOH~OII~C K3apomIry-m Pemy6n11~~y:
!ForrheMongofiarP i eople'Republic]:
[PourEa RPpublique populaire mongolej :

[Signed - Signt!]3

2ih~panrt 1972 r.'

3aPecnyfirtw~ yypy~lr~:
[For the Republic of Burundi]:
[Pour fa République du Burundi1:

[F. KISUKURUME]

6 MapTa1972 r.4

1ThetranslatiOFthe narnofStatappcarinbnwm backar wm supplicdbythe SsmariofihUnitcd
duaNationsUnm.ductiuns da nomsdedonnttscncaochnr onkt fournicspaSx~étartdr ILOrganibetbn
27 Dsemba lWl-7 décembrIWI.
Signcdby NLuvsanchulim-Sintpar N. Louvsanichoulicm.
2 Fcbnrary19-22ftVrier1912.
5The MongoliaiaPnmple's Rcpublno!considcritboundbyihc provirof-ph Iofartic14of
ihe ConvmiionLr tsupprcssolunlawfulcragainn tsafctof ovarisiknwhichsttpvlatuarrdispute
concanintheinrerpmariorappticalionof thil convention shall.at iofiht Paniu, bcsubmitohf
arbrtracorto rhc Inimaiional Couri of Juriice.*
[TRAWC~O -RANUAT~ON] LaRepubliqwpopulaide Mongoliescro&dtrcpaslitparIrsdispositions
du paragrap1dei'anid14dclaÇonvrniion palrtpresriâ'annillicite dwnrreLa56curde l'aviation
civileuiprSvoii que [oui dzllhnd concanant Pinitrpi'apptiiide laConvention nt soumita
demandedt t'unequrlconque da PmiIlarbitraIrlaCourinictnatmnale dc Juitict.
6March 1972-mars1972. . 1975 UnittNations- Treaty SeriesationUnies- RecueildTmitPs 121

% ~~PMW~HI &MOK~~THY~CKYW PKII~~~HKY:
[FortheGerman Democraric Republicl:
[Pour laRPpublique démocratiqu ellemandel:

[HORS BTITTNER]
10MapTa1972 r.'

3aHopna~c~oe X~MHTCK~Kopone~mao:
[For ~heHashemifeKingdom ofJordan]:
[Pour leRoyaumehachémite deJordanie] :
[H.IBRAHIM]

4 Mas 1972r.2

3a PY~HBCK~W Pe~nyGnmy:
(For theRwandeseRepublic] :
[Pour laRépubliquerwandaise] :

3a COIIHWIHCTH~~CK~ Pecny6n~~yPYM~IHHH):
. [For rheSocialistRepublicofRumania]:
[Pourla RPpubliquesocialisrdeRoumanie]:

3a Hosyto 3enana~m:
[ForNew Zealandj:
[PourlaNouvelle-ZPlonde :]
[K. B.A. Scorrj

26 ~~HTII~~H1972rona4

3aABCTP&~~CKH C~~rn3:

[ForAusrralia:]
[Pourl'Australie]:
[L. J. LAWREY]

12OKTR~PR :972 ronas

4May tW2-d mai 1972.972.
10lul1w2-10~uil19f2.
26Seplemb1972-26 wptmbrc 1972.
12Ociob1972- 1octobre1972.3a Koponemo Arwn>:
[ForrheKingdom 0fDenmark):
!PourleRoyaume du Danemark] :

3aPmy6nw Krrnp:
[FortheRepublicof Cypm]:
[PourlaRépublique deChypre] :

3ahcrpriAay~ Pecny6nu~y:
[For ~heRepublicof Austria]:
[PourlaRépublique d'Autriche]:

3a PecnyGn~~ Cy~~ranyp:
[For theRepublicof Sing~pore:]
[PourlaRépublique deSingapour] :

21 HOR~PR 1972~0na'

3a Kopone~maonaoc:
[Forrhe KingdomofLaos]:
[Pour leRoyaume du Laos] :

[LANORINDR]
27 HOR~PR:1972 rom4

3a Pecrry6n~~Hy HAHIO:
[Fur cheRepublic ofIndia]:
[Pourla République de i'lnde:
[K. S.SHELVANRAR]

t1 nerca6prt972roaa6

k Me~c~itmcme CWHH~HH~ T~ITLI :
[For theUnitedMexicunSrales] :
[Pourles Eta&-Unir duMexique]:

25ansapa 1973 rom7

1if On& 1972- 17octobre1W2.
2INovmba 1972-2 novembre1973.
13Nomkr lm-13 nwernb1972
52îNovcmbr1972-21novmbrc 1972.
6ti Deeankr 19f2- Il d1W2.brc
25Jnnusryl-25janvicf1973.
C
Vul.p14.1-1411B1975 UnitedNaiion- TroatSeriei NalioUnies- Recueildf~itk5 223

DECLARATION MADE DÉCLARATION FAITE
UPON SIGNATURE LORS DE LA SIGNATURE

ROMANIA ROUMANIE

me Govenunent of the Socialist LeGouvernemend tela Républiqu eo-
Republicof Romania considersnul1and cialistde Roumanie considèrecomme
voidthesigningat Montrealof theCon- nulle et non avenue la signature, le
ventionfor theSuppressi oonnlawful 23 septembre1971, 21Montreai, de la
ActsAgainsttheSafetyof CivilAviation,Conventionpour la répressiod'actesil-
done atMontrea InSeptember23, 19171, licitesdirigcontrelasécuritde i'avia-
by theso calledChiang-Kai-Shekuthor- rian civilepar les auroritesdites de
itiesinso faras the only Government Chiang-Kaj-Shek car leseuIGouverne-
havingtherighttoassum ebligationson mentauiorisé a assumerdes obligations
behalfof Chinaand torepresenther in
internationalelationsistheGovernment au nom de laChine et hla représenter
of the People'RepubIicofChina." dans 1-5 relationsinternationalesele
Gouvernernen ie la Républiquepopu-
lairede Chine.
RESERVATIONSAND DECLARA- RESERVES ET D~CLABAT~ONS
TIONS MADE UFON RATIFICA- FAITES LORS DE LA RATIFICA-
TIONOR ACCESSION (a) TION ou DE L'ADHÉSION (4)

BRAZIL BRESIL -.

A Londres,CMoscouet à Washingron:
At London,Moscowand Washington:
[Confi~ming the declarafion made {Avecconfirmationde la dbclaration
upon signature.For the fext, see formulée lors dela signature.Pour le
pp. 203 and212 offhisvolume.] texte,voirp. 203 et212 du présent
volume.]

BULGARIA BULGARIE

Ar London and Washington: A L~ndreretirWashington :

The People's Republic of Bulgaria La République populair dee Bulgarie
does notconsideriiselbound with the nese considèrepas liéparla clausede
clause of obligaiory transfer ofthe soumission obligatoire des différends

'Translatsupplicd bihrGovcrnmcnor
Bulgaria. -
Traducrion fournit par leGouverncrncnibul~arc2U UnfttNation- fmty SeriesNationsUnie- Rmiü detTmitk 1W5

disputeon theinierpretatior applica- concernantI'interprktatinu I'applica-
lion of theConventionto arbitrationorriondela Convention Al'arbitragouh
to the InternationalCourt at The la CourinternationalehLa Haye.
Hague.

BYEL OR USSIAN SO VIET RÉPUBLIQ UE SOCIALISTE
SOCIALISTREPUBLIC sovI~TIQ UEDE BIEL ORUSSIE

At Mmm w: A Muscou :

[Some dechrationasfhaton p. 213of [Même dPcIarurioqueelle publiéeà *
thisvolume.] lap. 213duprPsent voiume.] .

At London, Mww and Washington: A Londres, aMmu et4 Washington:

[CZEÇH TEXT - TEXT ECHEQUE]

"Ffijimajictuto ~rnluvuprohldujemev souladusjejimElinkem 14odstavec
2, Fe~eskoslovenskasociaiisrickarepuMikaneni vena ostanovenimElanku14
odstavec1 Umluvy."

In .accepting thisConvention, we Enadhtrant21 laprésente onvention,
decéare n accordancewith itsArticle nousdéclarons ,onformémen atupara-
14, paragraph2,that the Czechoslovak graphe2 de Fgnicle14, que la Rkpu-
SocialisrRepublicis no(bound by the bliquesocialistchécosIovaqune'estas
provisionof Article14, paragraph1of liéeparla dispositiduparagraphe1 de
theConvention. ' l'article14.

GERMAN REPUBLIQUE
DÉMOCRA TIQUE ALLEMANDE
DEMOCRA TICREPUBLIC

[GERMA NEXT- TEXTE ALLEMAND]

"Nachdem die Konvmtion entsprechendden innerstaatlichenBesiimmungen
derDeutschenDemokratischenRepublikbesratigtwordenist,erkliirce irnNamen
der Deutschen DemokratischenRepublik,daB die Konvention erfüUtund einge-
haltenwird,mit dem Vorbehalt,dai3Artikel14 Absaa 1 der Konventionfürdie
DeutscheDernokratischReepubliknichtverbindlicist."

The German Dernocratic Republic La Rkpépubliqudémocratique aile-
doesnot consideritselfbound by the mande neseconsidèrpas liéparlesdis-

]Translairupplicbyihe Go\crnmcnof
Crcchaslovakia
Traducifournie paGouvcrncmcichéro-
slovaque. C1975 Uniid Nation- Tmaiy SericsNationsUnies- RccucideiTtnlth 225

provisionsof article14, paragrap1,of positionsde l'article14,paragrap1,de
the Convention for the Suppression of la Convention pour la répression d'actes
Unlawful ActsagainsttheSafelyof Civil illicidirig& contrelasécuritdkeliavia-

tember1971.gnedat Montreal on 23 Sep tembre1971., signéMontrkalle 23 sep-

HUNGRRY HONGRIE

Ai London, Moscowand Washington: A Londres, rMoscouet à Washingrori:

"A MagyarNkpko~~sasAgElnokiTanAcsamegerbsiti a polghi repülksbiz-
tonsAgaeueni jogeuenescselekményelk ehüzdésérs 8z1b1Montrealban az1971.kvi
steptember h6 24. napjbn alliiregyeunenyt, aual a fenntattassal,hogy az
egyeunény14. cikk1. bekezdéséb onglaltrendelkeztstnemtekintimaghrankne
kotelez6nek."

ThePresidentiaC l ouncilofthe Hun- Le Présidium de laRépubliqup eopu-
garianPeople'sRepublicratifiestheCon- laire de Hongrie ratifila Convention
ventionfor theSuppressionof Unlawful pour larépressiond'actesillicites dirigés
Actsagainstthe SafetyofCivilAviation, contre la sécuritéde l'aviationcivile,
signed at Montreal on September24. signéea Montréa e 24 septembre1971,
1971, and makesthe reservationthat it etformule une réserveendéclaran qu'il
does not consider itselbound by the ne se considèrepas likpa!adisposition
provisioninparagraph1 ofArticle14of duparagraphe1 deI'articI14de laCon-
theConvention. vention.

IRAQ (a) IRAK (a)

A ?Marco w: A MOSCO:U

[ARABIC fEXT - TEXTE ARABE]

Wungary.latisupplicby iheÇovtrnmtnor
TraducriiournirkpGouvcrnrmchongroi;

Vnt. 914.1.14118 226 UniteNations- Tnnty Srri- NalionsUnk - Rmtiril drsTnttb f9fS

"Entry into ~heabove Convention by L'adhesion sllapresente Convention
the Republic ofIraq shall,however, in nesignifiepas quela Républiqud e'Irak
no way signifyrecognitionoflsraelorbe reconnait Israëlni qu'elleetablirdes
conducive to eniry into any relaiions .relatioavec lui.
wiih ir."

MALA W?(a) MALA WI (a)

At Washington: A Washington:

"Itis thewishof theGovernrnent of La République du Malawisouhaite
theFiepublicof Malawi to declarinac- dtclarer,conformémen auxdispositions
çordance with the provisions of para- du paragraphe2de l'artic14,qukellne
graph2 of Article 14, thait doesnot seconsidér easliéepar lesdispositions
consider itselbound by the provisions duparagraphe1 def'anicle14dela Con-
of paragraph1of Atticle 14of theCon- vention.
vention."

MONGOLIA MONGOLIE

ArLondon, Moscow and Washington: A Londres. ùMoscou elà Washington:

The Mongolian People's Repubtic La Républiqup eopulairedeMongolie
does not consider itselbound by the ne se considérepas liéeparlesdisposi-
provisionsofparagraph 1 of Article14 rionsduparagraphe1 de l'article14dla
oftheConventionfortheSuppression of Conventionpour larépressio n'actesil-
Unlawful Astsagains;iheSafetyof Civil licitesdirigcontre lasécuritde l'avia-
Aviation,whichstipulatesthat anydis- lion civilqui prévoitque toutdifférend
puteconcerningtheinierpretatioorap- concernantSinterpreiaiionou I'applica-
plicarioof ihiConveniion shall,althe [ionde laConvention estsoumis,hlade-
requesiof one of theParties,be submii-mandedel'unequelconque despartiesa
tedioarbitrationorro the Iniernational l'arbitraou hlaCourinternationatede
Court ofJusrice. Justice.

1Translation ruppbytihr Govrrnmmi al
Mongoiii.
Traduction lourleGouvrrncmmanpol.Ai Moscow: A Moscou :

[RUSSIA T EXT- TEXTE RUSSE]

[Seetramhiion above.j Voir tatraductioncidemu,

POLAND POLOGNE

At London: A Londres :

[PotizlTEXT - TEXTE POLONAIS]

" ...te PoiskaRmzpospolita Ludowanie uwah siezazawiqzanqpostano-
wieniami artykulu14ustep1 tejKonwençji;"

..thai the People's Republic of ..laRépubliqup eopulairedePologne
Polanddms notconsideritsebound by ne seconsidèrepas liéeparlesdispo~i-
theprovisionsofparagraph1 of Article tionsduparagrapheI del'anicle14dela
14of thisConvention; présenteConvention;

REPUBLIQU DEE CUR~E la)
REPUBLIC OF KOREA (a)

'TheaccessiontiytheGovernmentof L'adhCsion du Gouvernementde la
the Republicof Korea to thepresent Républiqud eeCorée h la présentCon-
Conventiondoes notinany way meanor vention ne signifieni n'implique en
irnplytherecognitioofany territoryor aucune fqon lareconnaissancede tout
regimewhichhas ncibeen recognizedby territoiou rkgirnquin'apastik recon-
the Government of the. Republicof nu par leGouvernementde !a Républi-
Koreaas a StateorGovernmeni." que de Corée en tant qu'E~ai ou
Gouvernement.

Trmhiionnippti by ihcGovcmmeni of
Mongolm.
*TdrrniofournparkGouvernemmtongol.
'TraductionfournkGouvcrncmpolonais.nd.228 UnitedNation- Trenty SeriesNelionUnk - RecuedesTmiiC5 1975

SA CJDIARA BIA (a) ARABIE SAOUDITE (a)

At W~hingfon: A Washington :

[ARABI CEXT - TEXTE ARABE]

1. That the accessionof the King- 1. L'adhksion duRoyaumed'Arabie
dom ofSaudiArabiatothe saidConven- saoudite A LaditConventionne signifie
tion doesnat mean or imply, and shall nin'impliquela reconnaissanced'Israël
not be intespretedas, tecognition of ei ne pourra êtreinierprttik comme
Israelgenerallor in theconrextof this signifiaou impliquant une[ellerecon-
Convention; naissance,idefaçon généra lidansle
cadre de IaprésenteConvention;

2. That the Kingdom of Saudi 2. Le Royaume d'Arabie saoudite
Arabia has a reservatiowith regardto formuleune reserveitpropos du para-
Article14, Paragraph1,of rhiConven- graphe 1 de I'articl14de laprésente
tion concerningarbitraiion, in accord- Convention relatifA l'arbitragecon-
ance with the secondparagrap of the formémen t udeuxième paragraphede
same articlewhichalso permitshaving cemêm erticlquipermetégalemend t e
reservations. Formulerdes réserves.

SOUTH AFRICA AFRIQUE DU SUD

A I Washington: A Wushirrgton:

"...subjecttaa reservationin respect ..avecréservea l'égarde I'artic14,
of Articl14paragraph1 ofthe Conven- paragraphe1, de la Convention. con-
tion,as providedfor in paragraph2 of formément au paragraphe2 dudit arti-
thesaidArticle." cle.

UnircdStaitAmcrica.c~htGovcrnrncof the
TraductionfoparkÇourernerncntda Eiars-
Unisd'AmCrique.
Vol. 974IE1.141 *1975 UnltedNalion- Tmaty Strks NationsUni-s RecuedosTmitb 129

UKRAIMAN SO VIE T R~PUBLIQUE SOCIALISTE
SOCIALISTREPUBL IC Si7V~ÉTZQUE D'UKRA ]NE

At Mmca w: A Moscou :

[SamedecIurutioasthatonp. 217 of [Mgme décIarutioque cellpubliéeà
rha volume.] lap. 217duprésentvolume.]

UNION OF SO VIET UNIONDESR~PUBLJQUES
SOCIA LISTREPUBLICS SOCIA LISTES soVIETIQUES

At London, Mmmw and Washington: A Londres,a Moscou etd Warhington:

[Sume deçluratio~athatonp. 218of [Même declartionque cellpubliéeh
th& volume.] lap.2 18duprbenf vol&ne.]

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREA T RO YA UME-UNI DE GRANDE-
BRITAIN AND NORTHERN BRETAGNE ET D'IRLANDE DU
IRELAND MIRD

Ar London: A Londres :

In astatementdated 8October 1971 Dans unedédaration en date du
and cornrnunicatedo al1State rscog- 8 octobre1971communiqué e tousles
nisedbythe UnitedKingdom,Her Ma- Etats reconnusparle Royaume-Uni,le
jesty'Government recaUedtheir view Gouvernementde Sa Majestéa rappelé
thatif arégimeis not recognisasthe que, danslecasoir un rdgimen'estpas
Government ofa Stateneithesignature reconnu entantque gouvernementd'un
northe depositofany instrumentbyit, Etat,ni Iasignature,nile dépôtd'un
nornotificatioofany of thosactswill instrument,nilanotificatide l'unde
bringabout recognitioof thatrégime cesactesn5impIiquenia reconnaissance
de cerégimeparunautre Etat.
by anyother State.

UN~TED REPWBLIC REPUBLIQU EN-IE
OF CAMEROON(a) DU CAMEROUM(a)
Af Washington: A Washington:

"Inaccordancewih iheprovisionof Conformément aux dispositiode la
the Conventionof September23, 1971 Conventionsigné e 23 septembre1971
forthe Suppressionof Unlawful Acts pourlarépressiod'acteillicitdirigés
directed against the Smuriof Civil contre insirurirde l'aviaticivile, le
Aviation, the Governmeofthe United Gouvernementde la République-Unie
RepublicofCameroon declaresthat indu Cameroundéclarequ'en raisondu
viewofthefactthatit doenothaveany fait qu'il n'entretaucune reIation
relaiionwith SouthAfricaand Portu- avec l'Afriquedu Sudet lePortugalil
gal,iihasno obligationtowardsthese n'esttenuaaucune obligatioenverces
two countriewithregardto the imple-deux pays en cequiconcerne I'applica-
meniakionofIhestipulationstheCon- tion des stipulationsdConvention.
vention."FINALACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AIRLAW HELD
UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THEINTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION
ORGANIZATION AT MONTREAL IN SEPTEMBER 1971

ThePtenipotentiariesttheInternationalConferencon AirLawheld under
theauspicesoftheEntemationaCliviAviationOrganizatianmetatMontrealfrom
8 IO23September 1971forthepurposeof considerinadraftconventiononactsof
unlawfulinterferenagainstciviaviatioorherthanactsof unlawfuseirureofair-
craftpreparebytheLegaICornmittee oftheInternationaliviAviationOrganiza-
rion. The Govetnmentsof thefollowing60 Stateswererep-senredat the Con-
ference:
ArgentineRepublic,the Jamaica
Australia,theCommonwealth of Japan
Austria,the Republiof Kenya,the Republicof
Barbados Korea, theRepublicaf
Belgjum,theKingdom of Lebanon,theRepublicof
Bruil, theFederativRepublicof MalagasyRepublic, the
Bulgariathe PeopIe?Republicaf Mexican StatestheUnited
ByelotussiaSovietSocialisi Netherlandst,heKingdomof the
Republic NewZealand
Cameroont ,heFederalRepublicof
Canada Norway,theKingdomof
Ceylon PoIishPeople'sRepublicf the
Chad,theRepublicof
Chile,theRepublicof PortugaltheRepublic of
China, theRepublicof RornaniaS, ocialistRepublicof
CoIornbiat,heRepublicof Senegal,theRepublicof
Congo,thePeople'sRepublicofthe SouthAftics.theRepubücof
Costa Rica,theRepublicof Spain
CzechoslovakSocialistRepublic Sweden,theKingdomof
Denmark. theKingdom of Tanzania,the United RepubIof
Egypt, Arab Republiof TrinidadandTobago
Ethiopia,theEmpireof Uganda,the Republicof
Finhnd, theRepublicof UkrainianSovietSwialistRepublic
FrenchRepublic,the UnionofSovietSocialisRepubIics
Gabonese RepubIic,the UnitedKingdomof GreatBritain
Germany, the FederalRepublicof and Northern Ireland
Hungarian People'SRepublic UnitedStatesof Amerim
India,theRepublicof Venezuela,theRepublicof
Indonesia,theRepubIicof Yugasfavia,heSocialistFederal
Ireland Republicof
Israethe Stateof Zarnbiaihe Republicof
ItaliaRepublic,the

TheGovernment of the Kingdomof Greecewas representebyan Observer.
The United Nationswas representebyanObserver.
Thefollowinginternationorganizationwere alsorepresenieby Observers:
- Internationl ir TransporAssocialion
-InternationaCharnber of Commerce

Vat.W1.118 - InternationalCriminalPoliceOrganization
-International Federariof Air tine PilotsAssociarions
-InternationalLaw Association
- InternaiionalTransportWorkers' ederation
TheConference electeasPresidentMr.W. Guldimann (SwissConfederation)
and funher elected9s Vice-PresidentMessrs. P. A. Bissonnette (Canada),
B. Vachata(Czechoslovak Socialist Republic),VC. Gunatilaka(Ceylan)and
E.C. Sanctos(theFederativeRepublicof Brazil).
The SeeretaryGeneralof theConferencewas Mr. AssadKotaite,Secretary
GeneraloftheInternationalCivilAviationOrganization.Mr. PRoy, Directoof
iheLegalBureauof theInternationl iviAviationOrganizarioactedasSecretary.
Generalin theabsence of Mr. AssadKoiaiie.He was assistedbyMessrs,G. F.
FittGerald,PrincipaLegalOfficerof theOrganizatioG.Bonilla.M. Milde and

L. AillaudtegalOfficerof theOrganizationasSecretariesof theCferenceand
by otherofficiaof theOrganiza~ion.
The Conference establishedaCommissionof the Whole and the following
Commitiees:
CredentialsCommirree
Chairman: Mr.M.H. Mugizi (United Republicof Tan-
zania) .

Member~: Mr.L.R. Edwards (Australia)
Mr.V.I. Lukyanovich (ByelorussiaSovietSocial-
istRepublic)
Mr.J.A. de Yiurriaga (Spain)
Mr.J. Mhdez (Venezuela)
DraftingCornmittee
Chairman: Mr.G. Guillaume (France)
Members: Mr.J. Warnant (Belgium)
Mr.D. Kostov (Bulgaria)
Mr.P. Valdts (Chile)
Mr.M.A. Viennois (France)
Mr.N. Museux (France)
Mr.J.W. Roh (Korea.Republicof)
Mr. C. Gbmez Jara (Spain)

Mr.R.S..Nyagaiursiaga (Uganda) .
MT. Y. Kolossov (Union of SovietSocialist
Republics)
MissG.M.E. Whire (UnitedKingdom)
Mr. F.K.Willis (UnitedStatesofAmerica)
Mr. R.Boylan (UnitedStatesof America)
Mr.M. Snchez (Venezuela)

Cornmitteeon FinalClauses
Chairman: Mr. F.X.Oilassa (People" Republic of the
Congo)
Members: Mr.A.R.M.Watson (Australia)
Mr. L.R.Edwards (AustraIia)
Mr.R. Charry (Colombia) Mr.G. Guillaume (Fr:ince)
Mr.S. Oshima (Ja~an)
Mr.K. Shidara CJa~an)
Mr.T. Wasilewski (PolishPeople'Repubiic)
Mr. hlNowossilzcv (Union of Soviet Soeiaiist
Republics)
Mr.K.J, Chamberlain (UnitedKingdom)
Mr.C. Browet (UnitedStatesof Arnerica}

The Commissionof theWhole establishedtfollowingWorking Groups:
Workin groupon Article 1
Chairman: Mr.W. Riphagen (Kingdom of the Nether-
lands)
Merneers: Mr.R. Tenporini Argentins)
Mr.O.A. Alnchil (Argentina)
Mr. L.S.Clark (Canada)
Mt-.P. Sorokan (Canada)
Mr.F.X. Ollassa (People'Republic of the
Congo)
Mr.P.J.V. Lindholrn (Finland)
Mr. V.M. Metsalampi (Finland)
Mr. M+L\+Viennois (France)
Mr. K.O.Raitray (Jamaica)
Mi-G..D.Morris (Jamaica)
hlr.H. Yamaguchi (lapan)
Mr. S. Tobetto (sapan)
Mr.K. Shidara (Japan)
Mr. J. Akl (Lebanon)
Mr. M.R. Mok (Kingdom of the Nether-
lands)
Mr.J.P. Honig (Kingdom of the Nether-
lands)

Mr.A.P. Mateescu (Romanis)
Mr, C.GbmezJara (Unionof Soviet Socialist
Mr. G. Goloubov
(Union of Soviet Socialist
Ur. Y. Kolossav
RepubIics)
Mr. M. Nowossilzev (Union of'Soviet Socialist
Republics)
Mr. A. W.C.Kean (UnitedKingdom)
Mr. K.J. Chamberlain (UnitedKingdom)
Miss G.M.E. White (UnitedKingdom)
Mr. R. Boylan (UnitedStateof America)
Mr. R.P. Boyle (UnitedStateof America)
Mr. F.K.Willis (UnitedSiaieof Arnesica)
WorkingGroup on theexpressio"InService"
Chairman: Mr.A.W.G. Kean (UnitedKingdom)
Mernbers: Mr. M. Agésilas (France)
Mr.C. Gomez Jara (Spain)
Mr.J.A de Yturriaga (Spain)

Vol 974181-11>1975 UnitedNation- .TrraSeriei NationsUnie- RecueildesTralt& 2.33

Mr. Y. Kolossov (Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics)
Mr. V. Galtçhouk (Union of Soviet Socialist
Repubfics)
MF.R.P. Boyle (UnitedStatesof America)
Mr. J. Landry ,(UnitedStatesof America)
FolIowingitsdeliberationtheConference adoptedthetextofa Conventionfor
theSuppresso ifonnlawfulActs againstthSafetyof CivilAviation.ThesaidCon-
ventionhasbeen opened for signaturby theStatesparticipatininthe Conference
atMontreal thisday, andafter EOOctober1971shall beopen forsignaturetoal1
StatesinLondon M,oscow and Washington,until itcornesinto force.

1~ WITNESSWHEREOF the Delegateshavesigned thiFinalAct.
DONE atMontrealon thetwenty-thirddayof Septernberoftheyear One Thou-
sandNineHundred and Seventy-Oneinfour authentictextin theEnglish,French.
RussianandSpanishlanguagesin asinglecopy whichshallbedepositedwith theIn-
ternationalCivil Aviation Organizationand acertified copyof which shall be
deljveredby thesaidOrganization toeachof the Governmentsrepresented at the
Con ference.W UnitdNation- TreatvScriesNalionsUnk- UccuddesTtniib lh~

ACTE FINAL DE LA CONFÉRENCE INTERNATIONALE DE DROIT
&RIENTENUE SOUS LES AUSPICES DE L'ORGANISATIO NE L'AVIA-
TION CIVILE INTERNATIONALE A MONTREAL EN SEPTEMBRE 1971

LesPltnipotentiairs laConférenceinternationadedroitabrientenuesous
lesauspicesde l'organisationd['Aviatiocivileinternationalese sont rbu21s
Montréad la8au 23seprembre1931pour examinerun projede conventiorelative
auxactesd'interventiilIicitediricontrel'aviationcivile, autrlesactesde
captureillicid'aéronefspréparé parle Comitkjuridique de l'organisatide
l'Aviation civile internatioLesegouvernements des soixanteEtatsci-après
étaienreprbentésa laConférence:
AfriqueduSud (Républiqu eud- Israël(Etatdi)
africaine) 1tali(Républiqu talienne)

Allemagne(R&publiqu eédéra le3 Jamaique
Argentine (RépubliqAergentine) Japon
Australi(LeComrnonwealihd'Australie)Kenya (Rkpubliquedu)
Autriche(République? Liban (Rkpubliqulibanaise)
Barbade Mexique (Eitats-Unsu)
Belgique(Royaumede) Norvége (Royaume de)
Biélorussie (Républisocialiste Nouvelle-Zélande
soviétiquee) Ouganda(Républiqu ee1')
Brési(Républiqu eédérativdu) Pays-Bas(Royaumedes)
Bulgarie(Ré.publiqpopulairede) Philippin(Républiqu ees)
Cameroun(Républiqufe édéraldeu) Pologne(République populaidre)
Canada Portugal(Réyutiliqueortugaise)
Ceylan Républiqum e algache
Chili(Républiqu eu) Roumanie{Républiqu socialistede)
Chine(Ripépubliqdue) Royaume-Unide Grande-Bretagne
Colombie(Rkpublique de) et d'Irlanddu Nord
Congo (Republiquepopulairedu) Sénéga(l&ubllquedu)
Corée(RbubEique de) Suède(Royaumede)
CostaRica (Républiqu eu) Suisse(Confbdérationisse)
Danemark(Royaumedu) Tanzanie(Répu Mique-Uniede)
Egypte (Républiquarabe d3 Tchad(Répubiiqudeu)
Espagne Tchécoslovaqu(e épublique
EErhiopie(Empirei3e Trinité-et-Tobagoovaque)
Finlande(Républiquee) Ukraine(Républiqueocialiste
France(Républiqpefrançaise) soviétiqe')
Gabon(RépubIiqu gabonaise) UniondesRépublique socialistes
Hongrie(Républiqupeopulaire soviétiques
hongtoise) Venezuela(Ripubliquedu)
Inde(Républiqu ee13 Yougodavie (Républiqufé'dérative
Indonési(Républiqu e9 socialisde)
Islande Zambie (Républiqudee)

Ce gouvernementdu Royaume de Grèceétaitreprésentparun observateur.
LesNations Uniesétaientre-résentéesr un observateur.
VulP74.l-l4l l% Lesorganisationinternationalsi-apr&taientaussireprésentkpardes
observateur:
- Associationdedroitinternational
- Associat duoransportaérieinternational
- Chambre decommerc enternationale
- FBdératiointernationadesassociatiode pilotesdligne
- Organisatiitntrnationaldepolicecriminellert

LaConferencaeCluprtsidenM.W. Guldirnann(ConfMCratiosnuissev)ice-
présidentMs M,P. A. Bissonnette[CanadaB. Vachata (Républiqusocialiste
tchécoslovaque,.C.Gunatilaka(Ceylan)eE.C. Sanctos{Rkpubliqueedérative
du Brésil).
LeSmCtairegtnéradlelConferenc etait Assad Kotait, $crétaigéntral
de POrganisationei'Aviationcivileinternatio, .P.K. Roy, Dumeur des
Maires juridiqudei'ûrganisatiodei'Aviaticivileinternationa,faifonc-
tiondesecrét ainéercnl'absenceeM.Assad Kotaite.IletaitassdeMM. G.
F.FitzGeraldc,onseiljuridiquprincipdel'Organisatio..BoniltaM. Milde
etL.Aillaudcondiers juridiqudeIQrganisationq,uiremplissaltsfonctions
de secrtta derlesonféren ctd'autrefonctionnairesdeI'Organisation.
LaConfkrencea institune Commissio plénièretlescomitésuivants:
Corniide vPr8catiodeipouvoifl
Président M.M.H. Mugizi (République-UnieeTanzanie)
Membres : M.L.R. Edwards (Australie)
M.J. A. deYturriaga (Espagne)
M.V. 1.Lukyanovich {Républiquesocialistsoviéti-
quedeBiélorussie)
M. J. Mhdez (Venezuela)
Cornit4deMuciion
Présidenrt M. G.Guillaume (France)
Membres : M. I.Warnant (Belgique)
M.D. Kostov (Bulgarie)
M.P. Valdés (Chili)
M.J. W. Roh (Corée,Républiquee)
M. C.G6rnezJara (Espagne)
M. J.A.de Yturriaga (Espagne)
M.F. K.Winis (Etats-Uni&Amtrique)
M. R. Boylan (Etats-Unid'Amérique)
M.M. A.Viennois (France)
M.N. Museux (France)
M.R. S. Nyaga (Ouganda)
MlleG. M.E. White WnionumdesRtpubliquessocia-
M. Y.Kolossov listsovikiques)
M. M. Shchez (Venezuela)

Cornit#desdkpositionsprolocoIaires
Présiden:t M.F. X. Ollassa (Républiqu eopulairdu
Congo)
' Mmbres : M. A. R. M. Watson (~ktratie)
*
Vd.9l4.l-l4ils M. L. 8.Edwards (Australie)
M. R.Charry (Colombie)
M. C.Brower (Etats-Unid'Amérique)
hl. G.GuiIlaume (France)
M. S. Oshima (Japon)
M.K. Shidara (Japon)
M. T.Wasilewski ' (Répubüqu peopulairde
Pologne)
M. K.J.Chamberlain (Royaume-Uni)
M. M.Nowossilzev (Uniondes RépubHque socia-
listesoviktlques)
LaCommissionPlkniéraeinstitlesgroupesde travailsuiva:ts
Groupede fruvade i'arrile'

Prleside:t M. W. Riphagen (~oyaimd eesPays-Bas)
Membres : M.R. Temporini (Argentine)
M. O. A.Ainchil (Argentine)
M. L. S. Clark (Canada)
M.P. Sorokan (Canada)
M. F. X.Ollassa (Congo, Républiquepopulaire
du)
M, C. GometJara ~BPw~)
M. R. Boylan (Etats-Unid'htrique)
M.F.PK. WiIlis (Etats-Unid'Amérique)

M.PV.JM. MetsaIampi (Finiande)
M. M. A. Viennois (France)
M.K.O. Raitsay (Jamaïque)
M.G.B. Morris (Jamaique)
M. H. Yamaguchi (Japon)
M. S.~obctto (Japon)
M. K. Shidara (Japon)
M. J. Akl (Liban) '
M. A. P.Mateescu (Roumanie)
M.M.R. Mok (Royaume desPays-Bas)
M. J.P. Honig (Royaume desPays-Bas)
M. A. W. G.Kean (Royaume-Uni)
M. K. J. Chamberlain (Royaume-Uni)
MIleG. M.E. White (Royaume-Uni)
M. G.Goloubov (Union des Rkpubliquesocia-
listessoviétiques)
M.Y. Kolossov (Union des Républiquesocia-
Iistesoviétiques)
M. M. Nowossilzev (Union des Rdpubliquessocia-
listesoviétiques)
Groupe deiravail de i'expmsaenseniire»

Présiden: M.A. W. G.Kean (Royaume Wni)
Membres : M.C. GOmez Jara (Espagne)
M.J. A.deYturriaga (EsP%kTe)
Vd.97l. 1-14118 C M. R. P.Boyle (Etats-Unid'Amérique)
M. J. Landry (Etats-Unid'Amerique)
M. M. Aghihs (France)
M. Y. Kolossov (Uniondes république^socia-
listessovietiques)
M. V.Gaitçhouk (Union da Républiquessocia-
listessovikiques)
A l'issdesesdélibératiol,Conférenceadopté letextd'uneConvention
pourlarépression'actillicidiah contrel&rit& dei'aviaticivile.Ladite
conveniioaétCouvertcejourAMontrhl,sllsignaturedesEtatsqontparticipé
laConférence,prb le10 octobr191, ellseraouvert& la signaturetousles
Erath LondreM s,scouetWashingtonjusqu'son entrk evigueur.
ENFOIDE QUOIledsBéguQontsignéleprésentctehal.
FAI iMontrealievingt-troisjeurdeseptembreel'amnineu fenstoixante
etonze,enunseulexemplaicomprenanq tuattexteauthentiquedanslelangues
française,anglaiespagnoeltrussequiseradéposéauprh de l'Organisatden
I'Aviatiocivileinternationaie,laqnetransmettracopiecenificonformeA
chacundesgouvernementseprhentds laConférence,Resolution731, United Nations Security Council,
3033rd meeting, 21 January 1992
(UnitedNations Document s/REs/~~~) Security Council

Distr.
GENERU

md qted, h S r'
on 21 Januarv 1992

Deeplv disturbed by the world-vide persistence of acts of international
terrorismin al1 its forms, including those in which States are directly or
inditectlyinvolved, whkeh endanger or take innocent Lives have a deleterious
effect on international relations and jeoparaize the recurity of States,
'

Deeplv concerned by al1 illegal activitiesdireeteà against international
civil aviation, and affirming the right Of ail States, in accordance with the
Charter of the United Nations and relevant principles of internationallaw, to
protect their national3 from acts of international terrorisrn that constitute
threats to international peaee and security,

Reaffirming its resolution 286 (1970) cf 9 September 1970, in which it
called on States to take al1 possible legal steps to psevent any interference
with international civil ais travel.

Reaffirrnias also its resalutioa 635 (1989) of 14 June 1989, in vbieh it
condemned al1 acts of unlawful interference against the security of civil
aviation and called upon al1 States to cooperate in devising and implementing

measures to prevent al3 aets of terrorism,ineludingthose iavalving
explosives,

Recallinq the statement made on 30 December 1988 by the President cf the
Security Council on behalf of the membets of the Couneil strongly candemning
the destructionof Pao Am flight 103 and callinqon al1 States to asrist in

the apprehension and prosecutionof thoçe responsiblefor this criminal act,
--
Deeplv concerne# over the results of investigations,which implieate
officiais of the Libyan Goverment and-which are contained in Seeurity Council
documents that include the sequests addressed to the Libyan authoritiesby
1 -- France, 11, z/ the UnitedKingdomof Great Britain and Northern Ireland 21, 3/
and the Unitea States of America 2/, &/, IJ in conneetion with the legal
procedures related to the attacks catriedout agaiastPan Meriean flight 103
and Union de transports akrens flight 772:

Determined ta elirninate internationalterrorisrn,

1. Condemns the destruction of Pan American flight 103 and Union de
tranports aerens flight 772 and the resultaet loss of hundreds of lives:

2. Stsonalv deplotes the fact that the Libyan Government has not yet
responded effectively to the above requeststa cooperate fully in establishing
responsibilityfor the terrorist acts referrea to abave ogainçt Pan Ameriean

flight 103 and Union de tranports aerens ELight 772;

3. Ur~es the Libyan Goverment immediately to provide a full and
effective respoase to those requests so as to contribute to the eliminatioe of
international terrorism:

4. Reauests the Secretary-Generalto seek the cooperation of the Libyan
Goverment to provide a full and effective response to those requests;

5. Ur~es al1 States individuolly and colleçtivelyto encourage the
Libyan Government to respond fully and effectively to those requests;

**-\
6. . Deckdes to remain seized of the matter. Exhibit 19

Provisional Vesbatim Record of the Three Thousand and Thirty
ThirdMeeting of the Security Council
(United Nations Document~/~~.3933; 21 January 1992) Çecurity Council

S/PV.3033
21 January 1992

PROVfSIONAL VERBATIMRECORD OF THE TKREE THOUSN AND

TBIRTY-THIRD HEETING

Held at Beadquarters,New York,
on Tuesday, 21 January 1992, at 11.30 a.m.

~reçident: Sir David RAtWAY (United Kingdom of Great

Britain and Northern
Ireland)

Memberç: Austria Mr . HOBE~FELLNER
Belgium Mr. NOTERDAEME
Cape Yerde Mr. JESUS

China Mr. LI Daoyu
Ecuador Mr. POSSO SERRïWO
France Hr, RQCHEREAU DE LA SABLIERE
Hunqary Mr. ERDOS
Iadia Mi. GHaREKHAEl
Japan Mr. WATANO
Morocco Mr. ÇNOUSSI

Russian Federation Mr . VORONTSOV
United States of Americb Mr . PICKERING
Venezuela Mr. ARRIA
Zimbabve M=. ~ENGEGWI

This record cantains the original text of speeches deliveredin English
and interpretations of speechesin the other languages. The final text will
be printed in the Official Records pi the Securitv Council.

Corrections shoulâ be submitted to original speeches only. They should

be sent under the signature a£ a member of the delegatianconcetned, within
one week, to the Chief, Official Records Editinq Section, Departmentof
Conference Services, room DC2-750, 2 United Nations Plaza' and incosporatea in
a copy of the record. The rneetins was called to order at 11.45 a.m.

ADOPTIONOF THE AGENDA

The aqenda was adauted.

LETTE% DATED 20 AND 23 DECEMBER 1991 (S/23306, 5/23307, S/23308, S/23309,

~/23317 1

The PRESTDENT: I should like to inform the Couneil that I have

received letters from the representatives of Canada* Congo, Iraq, Italp, the

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Mauritania, Sudaa and Yernen in which they request to

be invited to participate In the di~cirssion of the item on the Couscil's

agenda. In conformitywith the usual practice, 1 propose, with the consent of

the Council, to invite those representativesto participate in the discussion,

without the right to vote, in accordance with the relevantprovisions of the

Chartes and rule 37 of the Council'sproviaional rules of procedure.

There being no objection, it is so decidea.

At the invitationof the President. Mr, Belaasem El-Tahli (Libvan Arab

Jarnahiriva) took 3 place at the rouncil table: Mr. Kirsch (Canada), Mr. Adduki

JConuo). Mr. Kadrot (Iraq), Mr. Traxler IIC,alvl.Mr. Quld Mahamed Mahmoud

auri ri ta nia)Mr, Hassan (Sudan) and Mr. Basalamah (Yrmen) took the mlaces

reserved for them at the side of the louncil Chamber.

The PREÇIDENS: I sheuld like to inform the Couneil that I have

received a letter dated 20 banuary 1992 from the Permanent Represeatative of

Moroeco to the United Nations, vhich reads as follows:

"1 have the honour to request that the SecurityCouncil extend an

invitation to His Exceliency Hr. Adnaa ûmraa, under-Secretarg-Geaeral of

the teague cf Ar& States, to aadress'he Couneil under rule 39 of its

provisional rules of proceaura during the cou~cil's discussian of the

item presently on its agenda." (The President)

That letter hos been published as a document of the Security CounciL

under the symbol S/23442. If 1 hear no objection, I shall take it that the

Council'agrees to extend an invitation under rvle 39 to Mr, Omran.

There being no objection, it is so decided.

The Security Couneil will nov begia its considerationof the item on its

agenda. The Security Council is meeting in accordance with the understanding

reaehed in its prior consultations.

Members 05 the Council have the Lollowing documents before them:

S123306, letter dated 20 December 1991 £rom the Permanent Representative

of France to the United Nations addressed to the Secretasy-General:

S/23307, letter dated 20 DeCernber 1991 from the Permanent Representative

of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern fseland to the United

Nations addressed to the Secretary-General:

S/23308, letter dated 20 December 1991 from the Permanent Representative

of the United States of herica to the United Nations addressed to the

Secretary-General;

S123399, letter dated 20 Decernber 1991 from the Permanent Representative~

of France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northesn Ireland and the

United States of Ameriea to the United Nations addressed to the

1 Secretary-General:and

S123317, letter dated 22 Decernber 1991 from the Acting Permanent

B
Representative of the United States of Ameriea to the United Nations addressed

to the Secretary-~eneral.
I
Members of the Council also have before them document S/23422, which

eontainsthe text of a draft resolution submitted by France, the United
I

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of (The President)

America. 1 should like to draw attention to documents Ç/53416 and SJ23417,

letters dated 20 and 29 November 1991, respectively, £rom the Permanent

Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressed

to the Secretary-General,and S/23436 and S/23441, Letters aated 17 and

18 January 1992, respectively, from the Permanent Representative of the Libyan

Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressed to the President of the

Security Council.

The first speaker is Mr, Jadalla A. Belgasem El-Talhi, the Minister for

Strategic Industrie8 cf the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. 1 welcome him and invite

hin to make his statement.

Mt. BELGASEM EL-TALHi (Libyan Arab Jamahiriyo)(interpretation £rom

Arabic): At the outset, Sir, allow me on behalf of my delegatioa to

congratulate you on your asçumption of the presidency of the Security Council

for the current month. Pour task demands extracrdinaryvisdom and patience

and a deep çense of justice. It is Our earnest hope that your vast experience

will help inspire you and the Council with the principles of justice, truth

and respect for lau.

We also pay tribute to your predeeessor who presided oves the Çouncil

last month.

1 am very pleased also to take this opportunity to express our sincere

congratulations to Ms. Boutros Ghali. who has just taken office as

Seeretary-General of the United Nations. Mr. Boutros Ghali is renowned for

his competençe and experienee, but we take special pride in his assuming that

importantpost since he belongs to a nation that we are proud to belong ta,

and to a continent of which we are a member and which we cherish. (Mr, Belaasem El-Talhi,
Libvan Arab Jarnahiriva)

I should also like to take this opportunity to pay tribute to the former

Secretary-General,Mr. Javier Perezde Cuellar, for the contribution he made

to international peace and sec<rity and to the promotion of world economic and

social developrnent.

1 congratulate the countries that became rnembers of the Council at the

beginning of this year and 1 pay tribute to the countries whose membership in

the Council expired at the end of last year.

My country welcomes the conveninqof the Security Council, in spite of

the facts that 1 shall explain later in my staternent. We hope that this

meeting of the Gouncil vil1 contribute to dissipating the smokescreen thot has

engul£ed the issue before it. Sorne have tried to use it to block and indeed

distort: my country's real position. My iountrywelcomes the meeting of the

Council; we might have ventured to ask for a meeting after the direct threat

by high-level official circleç in the Governments of the United Kingdom and '

the United States of Ame.rica to use force against my country. (Mr. Belqasem El-Talhi, Libvan
Arab Jamahiriva)

1 Since the 1988 explosion of the Pan Am aircraft and the 1989 explosion of

1 the UTA aircraft, the wotld has heard many stories. At various times

1 accusationswere leveled against States, groups or both: at different tirnes,

different groups were accused, wkth given groups being declared innocent after

having been accused,,

l Apprexirnately four years after the horrible Lockerbie accident, United

l Kingdom and United States investiqators suddenly came up vith two different

iadietments. The Scottish application accuses two individuals,while the

1 .
United States indictment names tu0 individualsand implieates a State and one

' of its Goverment services.

~lthobqh the announcement by the Lord Advoeate of Scotlaad and the

indictmentby the United States grand jury are ostensibly based on an arduous

four-year investigation, no supporting evidence or proof has been made

available.' All the world's peaal codes require that to be valid an indictment

must be supported by evidence and proof. An indietment without that

supporting evideace or proof can mean only two thlngs. First, the United

States and United Kingdom iadictments are intended as final,unequivoeal

judgements on whieh thete is to be no further discussion: the two Libyan

nationals were declared guilti when the indictmentsver@ issued. That would

mean a new rule of law ruaaing counter to the established priaeiple: the

accused are now to be considered guilty untiY proved innocent.

klternatively, the evidence and proof behiad those intïictments are not

serious, and the accusations are based on guessvorkand groundless actions.

They are based, inter alia, on the alleqationchat an unaccompanàedsuitcase

was cartied on Air Malta flight KM-180 to fcankfLrt on 21 December 1988, TheEMS/4

(Mr. Belgasern El-Talhk, Libyan

Arab Jamahi riva)

indictmentsfurthes allege that the suitcase çontained the tool of the crime

that caused the crash of the aircraft. That allegation is cornpletely baseless

and the assertion invalid. Maltese authorities carried out the necessary

investigation, which concluded that no unaccompanied suitcase was on board

that flight on that date, That waç the determination of Air Malta, which is

the most relevant party to the alleged incident. Moreover, the Minister for

Foreign Affairs and Justice of Malta, a former President of the General

Assembly, confirmed that finding in a statement before the Pasliament of the

Republie of Malta.

In a joint cormuniqué by the Prime Ministerof the Republic of Malta and

the Secretary of the General People'sConunittee, issued on 17 December 1991,

the Maltese side affirmed that

"the findings of the investigationsproved that no unaccompanied suitcase

remained aboasd kir Malta flight KM-180 to Fraakfurton 21 December 1988".

Thus, the arguments are groundlers and cannot support such grave

accusations. They are based on false psernises and assumptions and are

therefore false, because that which is based on false arguments is itself

false. Anything else wouïd violate the basic judiçial norms and quarantees

that all eountries, including the United States, the United Kingdom and

France, are eager to ençure in their own constitutions.

What was the reactiou of my country to the two indictments? And 1 stress

Chat they were not judieial judgements: they were rnere indietments,

accompanied not by any investigativedoeuitientation but by hostile official

statements,some of them going so far as to threaten military and economic

aqgressinn. Indeed, the United States actually intensifieü its economic (Mr. Belqasem El-Talhi, Libyan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

boycott by taking action inconsistent wkth the international monetary system

and violating all establishedlaws and regulations. Despite al1 that, rny

country treated the matter seriously and showed due respect for the judicial

authorities in the two countries, Libya's eornpetent judicial authoritieç took

the follovingsteps:

First, they appointed two investigatingmagistrates.

Secondly, those magistrates initiated an investigation in accordance uith

the Libyan law of criminalproceedingsof 1953, because the matter relates to

accusations that two Libyans committed acts that are viewed as crimes under

the Libyan penal code and that are akso punishable under the law of the

country in which the incidentoccurred.

Thirdly , the Libyan investigatorseontacted the inves tigatiq author ities

in Scotland,the United States of herica and France, requestinginvestigation

files and evidence so that they coula fulfil their mandate. The Libyan

investigators expressed tbeir willingnessto travel to those countries to

acquaint themselveswith the investigations and review the evidence. They

offered to cooperate vith the investigatorsin those thsee countries.

But the Libyan investiqatorshave been unable thus far to make any

significantprogress, owing to the refusal by the United Kingdom, the United

States ana France to hand over the files of the investigations or subrnit the

evidence in their possession. (Mr. Belaasem El-Talhi, Libvan
Ar& Jarnahiriva)

Evesyone knows that there can be no accusation without an investigation

1 and no judgement without a fair trial. These psinciples are respected in al1

legislation, iacluding the constitutionsof the United States, the United

I
Ringdom and France. .

Fourth, the competentauthorities in my country expressed theis readiness
1
to receive investiqators to participatein the investigation. They weleomed

1 lavyers of those clairning civil liabilityas uell as representatives of human

rights organizotions. '

Fifth, despite the considerationssupportingLibyan national

jurisdiction,the competent authorities in my country believed that the

internationaldimensions a£ the alleged events might make an international

investigation an appropriatemeans of starting to rerolve the,..dispute.Up ta

this very time, the existing dispute has nothing at al1 to do uith the rule of

law, to which a11 declare they are comitted, Rather, the dispute is related

to rnultifaceted occurrences involving more than one State. The competent

authorities in my countrywould even have relcomed a neutral investigatinq

cornmitteeor referenceof the question to the International Court of Justice.

Those uere the actions taken and the positions held by my country.

The Jamahirfyahandled this matter, uhich is af a legal nature, in

accordanceuith its valid legislatian and with established international law

and norms.

Now, how did the other parties react to this position, which we firrnly

believe is a legal and just position? Not only did they reject it, but.

moreover,the United Kingdom and the UnitedStates rcguestedthe extradition

of the two Libyan nationals in order that they could be tried in their courts (Mr. Belaasem El-Talhi, Libvaa
Ar& Jamghirivp)

before the completionof the investigation or even before they had been

con£ roated with the actaal accusations against them. Does this request not

seem strangeunder establishedinternational noms, espeçially when it cornes

£rom States like the United Kingdom, with a long histoty of justice, and the

United States of Ameriea,which has placed the sovereigntyof law and the

protection of human rights at the forefront of its ideals? Both these States

are members of the Security Council.

My country has not dealt with this issue out of illegal motives or

incentives or in response to any political decision by the Geaeral People's

Cornittees. The prohlern has nothing to do with the Libyan State, but it does

involve Libyan nationals. Only the judieiaryhas the authority to verify the

problem, in accordancewith the establishedpriaciplesconcerning

investigationsand accusations,and other fundamentalprineiples. The

judiciary ks independentand nothing exeept domestic and internationallaw can

have any çontrol over it, espeeially when it is dealing uiîh a purely legal

question.

A11 that having been çaid, can anyone claim that my country has not

cooperated? My country has cooperatedand we are still ready to cooperate to

the fullest extent, within the content of absolute respect for international

agreements, estalished noms, prevailinglegal systems,and human rights.

In our vieu, the entire issue is absolutelyclear. mat does this review

of the rnatter demonstrate? It is obvious that if there is an issue before the

Council which it has to deal with, it is a legal issue; kt is a question

concerniag a conflict of jurisdiction, a dispute over the legal determination

to be 'madein connection with a request for extradition. (Mr. Belsasem El-Lalhi, Libyan
krab Jamahirlva)

In regard to the first question, the answer is obvious. If there is a

conflict of jurisdiction,it is of a legal nature and international law and

the relevant international conventions set out the concrete ways and means to

solve it. The 1971 Convention for the suppressionof unlawful acts aqainst

the safety of civil aviation - knoun as the Montreal Convention - stipulates

in its article 14 that
...
"Any dispute between two or more ContractingStates concerninq the

interpretation or application of this Conventionwhieh cannot be settled

through negotiationshall, at the request of one of them, be subrnitted to

arbitration. If within six rnonths from the date of the request for

arbitratian the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the

arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the

InternationalCourt of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute

of the Court."

Does that text not set forth practical pracedures and controls for ensuring

the peaceful settlement of the dispute?

As for the dispute In çonnection with extradition, the situation is

obvious. There are countlesç precedents in this regard, including precedents

pertaining to the United States of America and France.

What is befare us is a iegal issue. The horrible realities underlying

the issue should not make us forget this faet. The legal nature of the issue

cannot be questioned, especially as it relates to major super-Powers that are

permanentmembers of the Security Council and that are awaré, even more than

other countries, that the Security Couiicif should bear in mind that, in making

recommendations in this respect, it should also take into consideration that,

under Article 36, paraqraph 3, of the Charter (Mr . Belqasem El-Talhi, Libyan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

"legal disputes sheuld as a general rule be refesred to the International

Court of Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Statute of the

Court. "

Theie caa be no doubt that this is a purely legal question. Neither can there

be any üoubt that therefore the Security Council is a forum that is not

eompetenk to consider the question.

It is clear vhat the Security Council is competentto consider - namelyr

a dispute of a political nature in vhich the parties to it have not folloued

any of the means for peaceful settlementof disputes set out in Article 33 of

the Charter. In sueh a case, the Council may call upon,the parties ta settle

their dispute by such peaceful rneans. My country has frequently declared its

readiness to negotiate and accept rnediation and other paeef il rneans to settle

the dispute. The Security Council should at least call upon the other parties

to respond farourably ta that expression of readiness.

Sibya is a small, developing countrywith limitecl resources. Our aim is

to develop and improve the standard of living of our natianals. Libya

believes that this cannot be done except through the supremacy of

international legality, the establishment of peaee, the consolidation of

justice and the deepening of effective international cooperation. Therefore,

we in Libya are very sincerelycommittedto legalityand the rule of lava (Mr. Belaasem El-Talhi,

Libyan Arab Jarnahiriva)

I ho~e that this will net shake our faith in our conceptionof the nev

international order, in which we envisage an essential role for the Security

Couneil based on the prineipleç of the United Nations Charter.

For the Couneil to ignare the legal nature of the issue before it by

ado~ting the dra fc resalutionwould have a far-reaching and profound negat ive

-f HOU could this forum
Impact on the Conseipnce of a13 nations of the world.

accePt a draEt resolution based on incomplete investigatoryconclusions?

Under al1 national constitutions, the conclusions of an investigation are net

final until C0nfirmed la judicial judgements. Under what lêgality Cari an

individual - even if he holds officialoffice - be aceused of eommitting an

act that wôuld automaticallyimply the collusionof that State?

We are al1 aware that a main issue in criminal ïaw unâer al1 legal

SYstems is the varification of the reçponsibilityof the individual, Pm-

That resPOnsibility is especiaily important to determine before ~0neluding

the State is seçponsible for him, even if he is one of its afficfals.

liow the Couneil condemn Libya for its failure to respond after ~ibya

taken so many measUres? ~ i b ~ç~position has been endorsed by many

Or9anizations, as evidencea by t-+e resolutions of the League of Arab States,

the Organization of *frican Unity, the ~qanization of the ~slamic Conference

ad Other internationalotganizations,including some legal organizations.

Ildeedp mY .ounkry bas taken al1 possible masures, including those mentioned

in the statem~nt of the pre~i&nt of the Security Couneil on 30 December 1988.

in vhich he fallad on States to assist in the apprehension and prosecution

Of
'@spOnsible for that criminal ZiCt.

Ilor'carithli form a resolu~ion urging Libya tu respond fully and .

eE!ctivel~ LO illegal roquerts and asking othcr c~untries to urge Lihya to do (Mr, Belaasern El-Talhi,
Libyan Arab Jarnahiris)

sa, as stipulated in the operative paragraphs of the draft resolution before

us? I remind the Council that three States have asked Libya, inter alia, to

disclose al1 the information on the crime in itç possession, ineluding the

names of al1 involved, and to allow communication with witnesses and accesç to

other documents and physical evidence, including the timers. What does this

request mean? It can only mean a priori that the investigation is not yet

complete, since the investiqatorslack uitnesseç and need the names of those

involved and physieal evidençe. The foregone conclusion is that the

accusation lacks witnesses and physieal evidence. That was the main reason

underlying the refusal of the United Kingdom and the Unitefi States to transmit

the investigation file to the Libyon and other judieiaties,

What kind of accusation iç it whieh iç still seekingphysical evidence,

witnesseç and information allegedlyto be found in the possession of another

country? One claim for compensationvent to the extseme of bypassing the

investigation stage, requeçts foi extradition and the entire trial stage, The

situation as put forward bp these three countries presupposes the following:

ehat the investigationis complete, which is untrue,, since the three

countrieç are still asking for information,phpsical evidence and the

testimony of witnesses: that the extradition iç taken for granted, whieh is

contArary to existing laws; that the trial is over and the two Libpan notionals

were convicted fairly and justly; that a final, unequivocaldetesmination has

been reached to the effect that the Libyan State is responsible for the

defendants' actions; and that, as a result of the final and unequivocal

criminal judgement, a civil determination haç been rendered to oblige the

Libyan State to pay compensation and that the SecurityCouncil is required to

irnplernent that judgement. (Mr. Belqasem El-Talhi,
Libvan Ara4 Jarnahiriva)

Has any of tbese assumptions beea fulfilled? In my opinion, they al1

contradiet the establishedprinciplesand norms not only of rny country but

also of the constitutions of all countriesof the world, ineluding that of the

United States of America. They are basic principles and praetices in

investigation,accusation,indictmentand trial. No accusation can be made

before a fair investigationhas taken place and sufficientevidence gathered.

A person is innately innocent,an accused is innocent until proved guilty and

no coavietion or punishment can be imposedbefore a fair trial.

Ta sum up rny country'sposition, ue condemn terrorismin al1 its farms,

including State-sponsoredterrorism. Libya has confirmedand today reconfirmç

its determination to take every action and make evety effort to put an end to

this dangerouç phenornenon. We are villing to commit ourselves ta combating

this plaque by any measures approved by the internationalcomunity.

Our country is small and therefore has a vested and genuine interest in

stemrning the tide of terrorism, includingState-sponroredterrorism. My

country also profoundly believes that the protection of civil aviation should

be given the special attention and effectivecooperation of al1 countriesof

the world. (Mr, Belaasem El-Talhi, Libvan

brab Jarnahisiva)

My country, which, as you are aware, has been a victim of criminal acts

directed against the safety of civil aviation, strongly eondernned and condemns

the destruction of the two Pan Am and UT1 airliners. We expressed - and today

we express once again - our sppathy with the families of the victims. My

country is committed to disclosing the complete facts surrounàingthose

criminal acts.

Secondly, the accusations directed aqainst the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

with regard to the destruction of the United States and French airliners have

to do with legal disputes. The measures taken in the countrkes concerned have

tended to take the fotrn of purperted inveçtigataryproceeàings which 3ed to

the filiag of accusations. Today. there can be no argument in favour of

rnoving the dispute £rom the legal sphese ta the politicalspherebp referring
1
it to the Security Councii. Indeed, the Security Couneil has na cornpetence to

consider legal disputes. The Charter contains explieit provisions on the I

methods for handling such disputes through arbitration and due legal pracess.

Thirâly, since receiving the indictment papers, my country has restated

its cornitment to exercising its jurisdiction. pursuant not oaly to domestic

legislation but to relevant international conventionsas well. In this

connection tvo juages have been assigned to investigatethe matter, and they

have already begun to exerciçe their Eunctions. In addition. my country has

expressed itç villingness to cooperate vith the judiçial authorities in the

countries concerned. By so doing, we are motivated solely by the wish to

uncover al1 the Éacts and to fix responsibility. My country has agreed to the

participation of all interested parties in the investigatoryproceedings,

which should be carried out vithin the framework of full cooperationwith the

investigating authorities in the countries concerned. (Mr. Beluasem EI-TaLhk, tibvan

Arab Jarnahiriva)

Libya has teguested those authorities to provide it with al1 the evidence

and documents in their possession that coula assist in the progresç of its

investigation, but Libya's initiative has met with no pasitive response.

Aftar al1 it has done and advocated, cas Libya conceivably be aecused of

a lack of cooperation? tibya has pursued the course dictated by its existing

legislationand consistent with the provisions of internationallaw.

Investigatoryproceedinqswere initiateâ and the two accused will be brought

to trial to examine the evidence against thern. If they are conviçted, they

will be punished aceording to the provisions of tibyan lav. which are tougher

than those in most other modern criminallegal systems.

The competent legal authoritiesthernselves will continue to implement

those processes stipulated by law. It is unthinkable that the independence,

irnpartiality and integrity of the Libyan judiçiary should be questioned on any

pretext or an the basis of any politicalmotivation. Any initiative, at any

level, must be taken through and in cooperation with the competent Libyan

legal authorities, as ue have dernanded.

I repeat that the investigationin tibya has uniortunately not yet many

any progress owing to the lack of cooperationon the part of other parties and

their refusal to transmit the dossiers cf their investigations. In practical

terms, this can only mean either that no investigation was actually canducted

or that, as ue have noted. the investigation was grosslydeficient.

1 should like to state once again that this dispute is of a purely legal

nature, which should lead the Council to recommend its settlemenr through the

divers legal çhannels that are available,not only wàthin the framevork of the

United Nations Charter but also under the provisionsof more relevant

international conventions, such as the aforementionedMontreal Convention of SJPV.3033
23

(Mr. BelffasernEl-Talhi, Libyan
Atab Jarnahiriva)

1971. On the basis of that Convention,partiçularlyits article 14, and to

solve the question raised about a eonflict of cornpetence, mp country has taken

eoncrete and practical measutes and, in official commuaications addressed to

both the United States of Arnerica and the United Kingdom, has requestedthat

the disputebe referred to arbitration. Today, before the Council, my country

requeststhat both those countries be invitedto enter promptly inta

negotiationsvith Libya on proceedingsleading to arbitration and an

arbitration panel. To ensure the speedy settlementof the dispute, we

consider that a short and fixer3 deadline be set for those proceedings, after

uhich, if no agreement is reached on arbitration,the rnatter woulâ be brought

before the InternationalCourt of Justice.

My country expresses its willingness to concludeimmediately, vith any of

the parties eoncerned, an ad hoc agreement to have recourse to the

International Court af Justice os sooa as the short deadline for reaching

agreement on arbitratien expires, or at any other convenient and near date

should the countries concerned agree to go beyond the asbitration stage and

the proceedings of an arbitration panel.

In that light, how can this dispute be considereda political one? We do

not belkevs that it is, for'Chapter VI of the Chartes also sets forth eonerete

methods of reaching a peaceful settlemeat. The Couneil has been guided by

those methods in earlier instances. The rnatter shoulâ not be handled in the

light of any considerationsother than those set forth in the Charter. Libyn

has never threatened any country. Xt caaaot behave in such a xay as to

endanger peace and security. Indeed, Libya is being thseatenedby

super-Powers, just as armeà agression was unleashed against it in,1986. Libya (Mr. Belqarem El-Talhi. tibvan
Arab Jamahiriv4)

is still being subjected te an eeonomicboycott, disinformation campaignç and l

psychological pressure. l

In conclusion, the legality of the Couneil's wvork is subject to its 1

observance of the provisionsof the Charter of the Organization and to its
1

proper implementation of thoseprovisions. It is iaconeeivable that this 1

could be achievedthrough the participationof the parties to this dispute in

the voting on the present draft resolution. Tu disregard the legal nature of

the dispute and treat it as a political matter would conatitute a flagrant

violation of the explicitprovisions of Article 27, paragraph 3, of the

Charter.

The Council has two choiees: it can respect the Charter and follow moral

principles and international law, or it can respond to this unjust request by

the United States of America and the United Kingdom, which want to use the

Council as a cover for military and economic aggression against a small

country that is stsivingto f ree itself from economicbackuardness. We are

fully confident that the members of the Couneil - indeed, al1 Members of the

United Nations - will uphold the principles enshrined in the Charter and

international law and respect the princkples of justice and equity that my

country is asking to be applied .and abided by. The PBESIDENT: I thank the Ministes for Strategic Industries of the

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya for his compliments addressed to me.

The next speaker inscribed on my list is His Excelleney Mr. Adnan Omran,

Under-Secretary-Geaeralof the League of Arab States, to whom the Council has

extended an invitation undet rule 39 of its provisional ruleç of procedure. T

invite him to take a place at the Council and to make his statement.

Ms. OMRAN (interpretation£rom Arabiç): 1 should like to

congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the reçponsibilitieçof the

presidency of the Security Council for this month. 1 wish you suecess in your

task. I Lake this opportunity to congratulateMr. Boutsos Boutros Ghali on

his having been entrusted with the great responsibility of Secretary-General

of .the United Nations. X also eongratulatethe new members of the Council.

1 should like at the outset to express to gou and, through you, to the

other rnembers of the Security Çouncil out deep appreciatien for having given

me this opportunity to speak on behalf of the League of Arab States on the

importantissue under consideration.

The League of Arab States, and its Secretary-General,'

Mr. Ahmad Esmat Abdel Meguid. have been following with keen interest

developments uith regard to the situation knvolving charger and threats

directed againçt the Libyan-Arab Yamahiriya concerningthe regrettable

incidentof the d0~ing of the Pan Am airliner in 1988.

During the past month the League of Arab States made every possible

effort, through the contactsmade by its Secretary-Generalwith al1 the

parties concesned, in order to reach a peaceful solution in consonance with

the provisions of the legal instruments we should al1 respect and observe in

such crises. IMr. Ornran)

of the United Nations. This is because, in the face of crises, the

international community needs more objectlvity, more adherence to legitimacy

and more sefraining £rom emoticnal reactkons which might lead to the qravest

eonsequenceç that are rejected by the international community. Based on the

belief of the League of àrab States and the importance and seriousness of this

issue and the need to find a solution to it in order to eliminate tensian and

reach constructive results which might promote international efforts aimed at

putting a definitive end to internationalterrorism in al1 its forms, the

Council of the League of Arab States held two emergency meetings, on

5 DeCernber 1991 and 16 January 1992, and adopted two reçolutionsin which it

stressed the principlesand means on vhich the Council of the Leaque of Arab

States believeç that kespect for the constructive objectives of the United

Nations and al1 its Member States may be ensured.

The two reçolutions can be summed up by the following two points: first,

. condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and of the incident of the downing

of the American aircraft and full sympathywith the familiesof the victims;

and, second, support for the positionof the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which

denied any responsibility for the incident and condemned terrorism in al1 its

forms and expressed its full and total willingness to find a solution of the

question in accordance with Article 33 of the United Nations Charter and to

place this questionbef ore a neuttal international commission of inquity,

which, thankç to its composition,might undertake an objective, neutral and

comprehensive investigation of al1 files and al1 suspects and reveal al1 facts.

Based on this villingness. the League of Arab States proposed, in its

resalutian which has been distributed as an official document of the Security

Council under the symbol Si29274 on 9 December 1991, "... the establishmentof a joint commissionof the United Nations and

the League of Arab States to study al1 documentation relating to the

matter, in accordance with the existing cooperation betveen the tuo

organizations,with the possible participation of other parties as

observers". (S/t3t74. annex)

In the light of these investigations,suitable measures cauld be taken.

With al1 sincerity, we cal1 upon the States members of this Couneil,

particularly the three ccuntries that colled for the convening of this

meeting, to keep in mind that every action that might be taken or requested

will constitute an internationalpreeedent. (Mr. Omran)

They should also remernber the danger of taking action that might be

considered a violation of the provisions of international law. Such action

uould not seassure the international communityand its States. Nor would it

give a good impression of the new internationalorder which all our countries

look forvard to establlshing on the basis of respect for the international

priaciples and values embodied in the Charter of the United Nations.

We believe it illogicalfor the investigators,the judges, the jury and

those who mete out punishmeat to be one and the same: it would contravene the

most basic rules of law. Thus, we re-emphasize how important it is for the

investigation to be conductedby a neutral, objective body. On this basis, we

h@eyZbat-#e Couacil vil1 entrust the Secretary-GeneraLuith the task ef

exercisinghis good offices with a11 the parties concerned and that we will be

abl''Lto reach a peaceful settlementof the question in codfor..ty with

Article 33 of the Charter. We are confident that suçh an action vould spsre

the Middle East regioa complications thatorould have unprecedented and dire

consequenees. I believe we can a11 agree mat the last thing the Middle East

needs is more tension.

The PRESIDEHT: I thank Mr. Omran for his kind uords addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of the Sudan.
I invite hirn to

take a place at the Couaciltable and to make his statement.

Mr . BaÇSàN {=ai\ (iaterpretationfrom Arabi=) : At the outset.

Sir, allow me to express to you Our sincere congratulationsupoa your

assumptioa of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. 1 çhould

also Like tc express our gratitude to your predecessor for the able and

excellentmanner in which he canducted the business of the Council last month.JSMJ ASW

(Mr. Hassan, Sudan)

Nar can I fail to express our happiness and sincere congratulationsto

Mr. Boutres Boutros Ghali, Secretary-GeneraL of the Organization,ugon his

well-deservedelection ta that high post.

We also extend Our congratùlationsto the new members of the Council. We

wish them al1 success in their endeovours for the maintenance of international

peace and security. We express our appreciatian as well to the outgoing

members of the Council,who dischatged their tasks fully in a turbulent stage

of the history of our inte tnationalOrganization.

My delegationwould like to express its extreme puzzlement at the train

of events surroundingthe accusations levelled by the United States of

America, the United Kingdom and France at the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

concerning its alleged involvement in the destructionof the two üTA and

Pan Am airliners, which have cauçed the questionto be placed befare the

Council .

It is not clear to my delegation on what logical or legal basis the

Security Council proceeded to deal with this subject and to formulate a draft

resolutionthereon witheut sufficient legal reasons. The whole matter is

stiZl under consideration and investigation. The alleqationshave not been

proved beyond douht, ~herefofe,plaeing the subject before the Security

Council during this stage of the investigation rus counter to the principles

of justice, and even canman sense. It influencesthe ongoing investigations,

which must be eompletely impartialand devoidof motivationsof venqefulness

and revenge ..
..
The investigations which have taken place thus far - despite the gseat

efforts that have been made - have been carried out by only one party.
The

Libyan Ara$ Jmahiriya has been givcn no opportuaify to express its point of (Mr, Hassan.Sudan)

vien, or to take part ia those investigations. Since the investigationshave

been carried out by one porty alone, and by the competent aathoritiesof

çountries vhich are parties to the question, they are not impartial. Hence,

it is necessary ta establishthe appropriate atmospheteand the appropriate

neutral, impartial venue to consider and decide upon the degreeof

involvement, if any, of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in these teqrettable

accidents, and to deckde whether or not to extradite those aecused.

We live in the new worïd otder. This is the United Nations Decade of

International Law. We live under the Charter of the international

Organization aid support its endeavours for the peaceful settlement of

disputes.

The Security Couneilis considering what, to our country, are nething but

allegations without leqal supportingevidence, It is out hope, therefore,

that the Security Council will take into account al1 these factors and that it

-. -. will give an opportunity'for the rule of law, logic and commonsense to be

applied in dealing witti auch quesfkous, chat is to say through recourse to

international legal institutions.

The Libyaa Arab Jamahkriyahas expressed its readiness to arrive at a

legal solution to this crisis. Libya has reaffirmedits eondemnationof

terrorism in al1 ita forms and shapes. It has agreed that the matter be

subject to an impartial and neutral international investigation, or that it

corne before the International Court of Justice, the main judicial instrument

of the United Nations for settling such disputes. We feel that the

understanding and cooperation evinced by Libya rnustbe matched by the other

parties. Libya has appointed tvo judges to investigate the rnattet with the

accused. In otàer to cornplement the efforts of the Libybn side, the three (Mr. Hassan, Sudan)

"fl concerned nhould provide the tro Libyan judges rieh a copy of the

'i'''l'fi~~qation report.which have been requested, in addition, of CourSe.

n1AFporting evideace of the indicment- (Mr. ~assan, Sudan)

Our cal1 for arbitrationand for patience on this subject stems £rom our

deep belief in the need to maintain internationalpeace and security. That

was the basis af Libya's seadineçs to coopetatevith a11 the parties to the

current dispute in order to sesolve it peaeefully. That is explieitly called

for in Chapter VI of the United Hations Charter, in Article 33.

My oelegation is gravely concerned about the use of the term "terrorism"

in today's world. The way in whieh the term is used and the fact that some

are being branded as terrorists without legal evideace or logical explanation

have in themselves become a Eorm of terrorism. Instead of beinq the forum for

the settlement O£ disputes between Membet States or for the maintenance of

internationalpeace and security, the SeeurityCouncil has beeome a forum for

the imposition of the vil1 and interests of the strong on the weak.

The draft resolution before the Couacil constitutes an escalation of the

l confrontation between the Libyan Arab Jarnahiriya and the States concerned. It

l
I does not relieve tension. It does not give room for the Secretary-Ceneral to

intervene to avoid the dangersof the egpected confrontation after its

adoption.

My delegation pays tribute to the Under-Secretary-Generalfor Political

Affairs of the League of Arab States for his statement, and it pays tribute to

the position of the Leagueof Arab States as expressed in its resolution 5158

on this subject, adopted by its Council on 16 Januarg this year. My

deleqation hopes that the rnembers of the Ccuecil will respond favourably to

that position in the discharge of their responsibilityfor the maintenanceof

infernational peace and security.

My delegation deeply regrets the accidents that have takea a toll of

innocent lives, and expresses itç condolences and sympathy ta the bereaved (Mr. Hassan. Sudan)

families. We also strongly condemn terrorism in al1 shapes and forms. My

delegation supports the. cal1 by the Libyan Arah Jamahiriya for the convening

of a special sessian of the General Assembly to consider and define

internationalterrorism and ways in whieh to esadicate it.

The PRESIDENT: f thank the representativeof Sudan for the kind

words he addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Iraq. 3 invite him to take a

place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. KADRAT (Iraq) {interpretation£rom Arabie): At the outset allow

me, Sir, to congratulate you on your assumptionof the presidency of the

SecurityCouncil for the current month. I also take this opportunity to pay

tribute to your predecessor,Ambassador Yorontsov, of the Russian Federation.

for the skilful way in which he presidedover the CounciL Past montb.

1 should also like to congratulate Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali on the

assumption of his importantpoçt of Secretary-General of the United Nations

during the currentdifficultinternational pesiod, and I congratulatethe neu

membersof the Couacil.

The Libyan Ar& Jarnahiriya has repeatedly declared that it condemns

terrorism and that it will not allow its territory or its nationals to be used

for the commi~sionof aets of terrorism, andthat indeed Libya itself has been

a victirn of terrorisrn.

Followingthe receiptof indictmentsagainst two Libyan aationals,

indictmentswhich are not based on any legal proof or evidence, the Jamahiriya

officiallydeclared, through high-rsnkingofficials and the mass media, and by

every ather available means, that it would address the issue with the utmost

Care and seriausness, in cornpliance with internationallaw, ineiuding

sovereign rights and the need to ensure justice for the accused and the (Mr. Kadrat, Iraq)

viçtimç. Libya announced that it would welcome the setting up of a commission

Lt
of Arab and internationaljurists to pursue the investigationand trial.

also expressed its willingness to cooperate with any impartial International

judieial authority. Bowever, unfortunately, Libya received from the United

States and Britaia nothing but a refusal to eooperate in reaching a peaceful

çettlernent of the dispute by judicial means.

Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter, entitled "Pacifie settlernent of

aisputes", contains in paragraph 1 of Article 33 the followingstipulation:

"The parties to any dispute, the continuance of which is likely to

endanger the maintenance of internationalpeace and seeurity, shall,

first of all, seek a solutioo by neqotkation, eaquiry, mediation,

,conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlemeat ...".

In that connection,.Iwish to cite two letters addressedby the Secretary of

the People's Committee for Foreign Liaison and International Caoperatlon of

the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ta the American Secretary of State and the British

Foreign Secretary on the application of Article 14 of the 1971 Montreal

Convention for the suppressionof unlavful acts against the safety of civil

aviation.

Furthemore, there is no preçedent for sush judieial disputes being

brought before the Security couacil. Fere
1 wish to recall resolution 5156,

adopted by the Coucil of the Leaque of Arab States on 5 Deeember 1991, whieh

provided for an invitation to coastitutc a jointeorrrmissioa of the United

Nations and the Leagae of Ar& States and called on the Secretary-General of

the League of krah States to maintain contacts with the United Nations so that

the United Nations Seeretary-Generalwould maka al1 possible efforts with the

parties concerned to reach a peaceful settlement of the matter, -- -
-- -- -.

JP/ CS^ S/pV.3033
39-40

(Mr. Kadtat. Iraq)

We appeal to the internationalcommunity ana world public opinion to
I
stand on the side of justice in order to uphold the principlesof the United

Nations Charter. We emphasize the need to tesolve the dispute by

negotiatioas, mediation and judicial machinery, with the ceoperation of all

the parties concerned, ta establish al1 the relevantfacts of the matter.

Iraq expresses its support for the right of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyo to

defend its national territory,homeland and peoplein cornpliance with the

principles of universal justice.

The PRESIDENT: I thank the repsesentative of Iraq for his kind

words addressed to me..
l
The next speaker is the representativeof Congo. 1 invite him to take a

place at the Counciltable and to make bis statement. Mr. ADOUKL(Congo) (interpretation £rom French) : 1 am pleased to be

participating in this meeting of the Security Council under the presidencyof

the Permanent Kepresentativeof the United Kingdom, a country with a long

legal tradition highly iespected by Congo. In the present eircuniçtances,

Mr, President, your talents will greatly assist the Security Council as it

considers the serious question of internationalterrrorism.

My delegation vishes also to pay a tribute to Ambassador Vorontsov for

the mannet in vhich he conducted the rork of the Council in December 1991. We

al50 congratulate the ner members of the SecurityCouncil.

My delegationwishes to take this opportunityto assure the

Secretary-Geaeral, Ur. Boutros Bouttos Ghali, of our full cooperation at this

difficult moment when he takes the helm of the United Nations Seeretatiat. We

convey our best wishes to his predecessor,Mr. Javier Perez de Cuellar.

in the harsh realityof the turmoil of a mad world, it is hard for the

international community to shut its eyes and rernain passive, or selectively to

rnake mere gesturestowardsçalming the tremblingand the horror. We'are

horrified that çountries that have regaieed freedom are erperiencing famine

and distress. We are horrified also at the absurd vars amang those wbo once

were fellow-countrymenthat had never known thep were enemies. Afsica has

been çtricken by this horror. In that sad connectioaI think patticularly of

the current situation in Somalia, Other continents too are the site of such

tribal wars that unfortunatelyclaim dozens of innacent civilian victims.

Today the Çecurity Councilis meeting to discuçs another kind of horror:

international terrorism. I wish to comment briefly oa that subject - indeed

to testify.

The last time X spoke on the questionof terrorism ras dusing a meeting

of the Sixth Carnittee at the forty-sixth session of the General Assembly, (Mr. Adouki. Congo)

which was discussingmeasures to prevent internationalterrorism. 1 said that

because of its violence, the losses it causes and the anxiety it generates,

that problem was one fram uhich Congo, like other countsies,had, many times

in its history, suffered greatly. In September 1989, for example, the

in-flight explosion of a UTA DC-10 civil flight £rom Brazzaville to Paris

caused the death of, inter alia, 49 Congolesecitisens. That dark event

created a çhronic sense of anxiety in my country. Unhealed wounds are

engraved in the mernories of many CongoLesefamilies,and thtoughout the

country.

Current events amply demonstrate that terrorisrn is a major challenge to

our sharedmodern history. It is to the advantage of Governmentsto unite

their efforts to fight terrorism vigorously.

Congo has enacted a number of regulatoryand legislativemeasuses that

buttresç the once-ueak foundationof out legak anti-terrorismarsenal. He

have also made efforts in the frsmeuork of internationalcooperation; these

have resulted in Congo's accession to various conventions. The international

community kaows hou important and loqical it was for Congo to support General

Assembly resolution 44/29 of 4 ~ecember 1989, which unequivocallycondernned

al1 terrorlst acts, methods and practices.

Today, as the Security Council focuses on the specific situation arising
l
from the in-flight destruction of Paa Am flight IO3 and UTA flight 772, Congo

I
feels encouiaqed, because Libya, against which allegations have been made. has
I
expressed its uillingnessto cooperate in determining the truth, l
1
Congo has never vacillated in its struggle against terrorismor in its

cornmitment to the principles uphela by the international eommunity. the FRESIDENT (interpretation £rom French): I thank the

representative of Congo for the kind words he addressed to me.

(spoke in Enqlish)

The next speaker is the representativeof Italy. 1 invite him to take a

place at the Counciltable and to make his statemeat.

Ur. TRAXLER (Italy): At the outset, Sir,allow me to express to you

rny sincerest congratulationson yovr assumption of the presidency of the

Council for the month of Januory, as well as
the appseeiationof my deleqation

for the way in whiçh your predecessor,Ambassador Vorontsov, eonducted the

business of the Council.

At the same time, 1 wish to express, on behalf of my Goverment, our

sincerest congratulationsta Ur. Boutros Boutros Ghali on his unanimous

eleetion to the post of Seeretary-General, as well as our sincerest vishes for

success in his most exacting and most demanding task.

T am here today to reaffirm the strong condemnation by the Italian

Goverment of acts of international terrorism in any form, acts which

endanger - at the worst destroy - innocent lives and affect relations between

States. My country has lost rnany human lives thraugh the onçlaughtof

interna1terrorism. We have conducted a very strong fiqht within our borders

against terrorism. He are thereforevery deeply concerned by any occurrence

of aetivities of internationaltetrorisrn, particularly those directed against

the secutity of civil aviation. (Mr. Ttaxler, Italy)

These acts of unlawful interferenceagainst the peaceful exerciseof

civil aviation are profouadly disruetive, not only for the States affectea by

these acts but also for the international cormnunity as a whole, In the

opinion of my Goverment, they therefore require that corrunonactionsbe taken

by the internationalcommunityin ordet to bring to justice those who are

charged with these crimes. '

For those reasons, my country has favoured the involverneno tf the United

Nations in connectionvith the need to kdentifyand to proseeutethose

responsible for the tertorist acts conducted against the Pan Am and UTA

flights that are the subjeet of the Council*~delibesationstoday.

In this context, the Italian Governmentwishes to elcpress appreciation

for the draft resolution that is about to be adopted by the Security Council.

It fervently hopes that the Libyan authorities will promptly and effectively

comply vith the draft resolution'sprovisions.

At the same time, we wish to express our deep Saith in the effieacy of

the efforts of the Secretary-Generalin seeuring a full and effective response

£rom the Libyan Government.

The PRESIDENT: X thank the representative of ftaly for his kiad

woràs addressed to me.

The aext speaker is the representative of Canada. 1 invite him to take a

place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. KIRSCH (Canada): May I first of al1 express to you, Sir, my

delegationvs eongtotulations on your assumption of the presidency of the

Security Council for this month, as well as our appreciationfor the excellent

mannes in whieh gour predeeessor,AmbassadorVorantsov, condueted the

Couneil's businessduring the month of December. (Mr. Kirsch, Canada)

1 should like to take this opportunity also to express Our

congratulationsta the Secretary-General, Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali, on his

election, and to extend to him the assurances of our full cooperation.

Finally, I çhould like to welcorne those States that have just become

members of the Security Council this month.

Canada is one of the countriesvhieh had nationals killed in the

destruction of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, ScotlatA. ou

21 December 1988, ana in the bombing of UTA flight 772 over Niger on

19 September 1989. Canada is entirely committed to putting an end ta all

f~rms of internationalterrorism. The international community has been,for

too long the vietim of the type of terrorism In which States have been

involveddireçtly or indirectly. Addressing this reprehensible activity in a

United Nations forum is entirely consistent with the rene&d spirit and

effectiveness of this Organizatian. Canada believes that attacks against

civilian targets are abhorrentthreats to international peace and security,

=a they must be addressed by the international comunity as a whole.

Moreover, the concesn of the Security Couneil in respect of matters of

internationalterrorism is not new, In 1989 rnydeleqation vas pleased to be

involved in the proeess that.led to the adoption by the Security Council of

resolution 635 (19891, which eondemned al1 acts of unlawful interference

againstthe securityof civil aviation. The Council now haç the opportunity

to build upon its involvement and to moke a constructivecontribution to

bringkng such criminal açts to an end.

In bilateral contacts, Canada has alreadyunderlined the seriousnesswith

which it regards this matter. We have urged Libya to cooperote fully with the

British.French and United States Govtrnmentç in respect of this matter. In (MF. Kirsch, Canada)

the absence of a satisfactory Gibyan respense to the various bilateral

démarches made to it and, given the non-aceeptance to date by Libya of its

responsibilitiesin these two tragedies, the Goverment of Canada considers

that the draft resolution submitted to the Security Council represents the

best course of action for the internationalcomunity.

My Goverment therefore stronglyendorses this draft resolution and urges

the Security ~ouncil to adopt it.

The PRESIDENT: I thank the represeatativeof Canada for his kiad

words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representativeof Mauritania. I invite him to

tske a place at the Council table and to rnake his statement.

Mr, OUtP MOHAMED MAHMOUD (Mauritania) (intetpretation from Arabic):

I have the honour to participate, on behalf of the deleg.ions of the £ive

States members of the Asab Maghreb Union - of which my country has the honour

of being Choirman this moath - in the Security Council's discussion of the

item before it today.

At the outset, f wish to express to you, Sir, our deleqation's varm

congratulations on your assumption of the presidencyof the Security Council

for this month. Yout qreat diplornatic experience is, ne are sure, the best

quarantee that the &uncil" work vil1 he succesçfullyconducted.

We wish also to express to your predecessor, AnhassadorVorontsovaf the

Russian Federation,our congratulationson the vise manner ia which he

conducted the Council'çwork last month.

I should like to take this opportunity also to extend once again to the

nev seeretary-~eneral, Mr. BoutrosBoutros Ghali, our f ive delegations '

sincere congratulationsand to as,surehim of the readiness of all the (Mr. Ould Mohamed Mahmoud,
Mauritania)

institutions of Our Union to caoperatewith him in order to facilitate his

tasks relating to the maintenance of internationalpeace and seeurity in
I

accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. His personal qualities,

his wide culture,his well-knoundiplomatieexperience are al1 guaraatees of

çuccess in progress by the United'Nationstowards the maintenance of

international peace and seeurity and the achievement of the object i.ves of the

Charter.

I wish also to weleome the new members of the Security Couneil and to

wish them al1 success in their lofty but difficult task. I also thank the
I
outgoing members for the streauous efforts they made in the past tu0 years,

along with al1 the other members of the Council. (Mr. Ould Mohamed Mahoud,

aur ri ta nia)

(s~oke in French)

Our delegations have been deeply saddened by the neus a£ the air accident

near Strasbourgmhich took the lives of 87 people. We address our si~cere

condoleacesto the friendlyFrench deleqation and to tire families of the

victims.

The subject the Council is considering today is undoubtedly one of grave

concerato the whole internationalconununity. ladeed, acts of terrorismhave

eaused the deaths of many innocent victims throughout the uorld; hence the

great interest of this comunity in seeing terrorism etadicated.

Like the vast majority of States Members of the United Nations, Tunisia,

Moroceo, Lkbya, Algeria and ~acsitaniaenergeticallycondemn this scourge in

al1 its forms. They assert their determinationto work tovards the total

eliminationof all its manifestations from whatever source and rhoever the

perpetrators may be.

At a time when international relations can be Improved, thanks to the end

of the cola var, and when the easingof tension that has folloved the cold uar

can only promote the sgstematicrecourse to dialogue and compromiseto solve

al1 aisputes, it is highly desirable and appropriate for the spirit of

dialogue and compromiseto replace the logiç of confrontation. That logic not

only clashes with the atmosphereof peace and stability for which humanity

itselfto the psoblerns that threaten its existence,
Longs in order ta devote

but aLso is in contradictionwith the principles and purposes of the Charter,

uhich in Article 2, paragsaph 4, çalls upon the Members of our Organization ta

refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force.

Furthermore, when there is a dispute between tvo or more States, the

Charter in Article 33 ealls upon them (Mr. Ould Mohamed Mahmoud,

Mauritaaia)

"firstof all, [to] seek a solutiaa by negotiation, enquisy, mediation,

conciliation,arbitration, judicial settlement, resert to regional

agencies or arrangements,or other peaceful means of theit ovn choice".

In the present case, which would appear to be a question essentially

juridical ia nature - a question for the settlementof which the Libyan side

has made coaerete proposais for cooperation - it would be highly desirable for

the Çouncil to explore al1 ways and meaas likely to lead to a peaceful

solution based on internationallegality. In sny event. it should take into

aceount the many appeals to visdom and moderatioa made by the Arab Maghreb

Union, the Organization of the Xçlamie Conference,and the League of Arab

States in particular.

I should like to express the cancern of ous delegatiqns at seeing the

Security Council, which bears the primary responsibilityfor ensuring

international peace and security, having recourse to controvessial procedures

that rnight negatively affect the authority of its decisions and also risk

settinq o dangerous precederit.

In a worla rhiçh ha5 resolutelyturned kts back on the period of sterile

confrontation, it should be the desire of all to promote recourse in disputes

to peaceful means af confliet resolution. Dialogue and joint action are

prescribedby the Charter and should remain the only tools and means to

achieve that goal.

The deleqations of the rnembers of the Arab Maghreb Union sincerely

believe that with good wi31 al1 problerns, no matter hov cornplex, can find

equitable solutions, in such a way as to enhance the prestige of out

~r~anization'andbring about understanding and harmony mong al1 peoples whose

only wish is to live in peace. The PRESIDENT (interpretation £rom French): .Tthank the

representative of Mauritonka foi his kind words addressed to me.

(spoke in Enalish)

The next speaker is the representativeof Yemen. I invitehim to take a

place at the Council table and to rnake his statement.

Mr. BASALAMAH(Yemen) (interpretation£rom Arabic): My delegation

is pleased to express to you, Sir, its uarmest congratulations on your

assumption of the presidencyof the SecurityCouncil for this month. We are

confident that your expeiience and well-knaun ability will lead the Couneià to

success in its delibera.tions, 1 am also pleased to express our satisfaction

at the good relatioas betueen our two countries,the United Kingdom and the

RepuGlic of Yemen - relations that promote the eommon intetests of our tvo

peoples .

1 should also like to express our appreciation to Ambassacior Vorontsov,

the representativeof the Bussian Federation.for his wise guidance of the

work of the Security Council last month.

1 take this opportunityalso to expressour appreciation to al1 the

cauntries that have praised the role played by Yemen during its membership of

the Security Council. He express our warrnest congratulationsto the nev

Council members and ue wish them every sueeess in their tasks.

1 should also llke to express our pleasure at seeing

Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali shoulderinqhis reçponsibilities as

Secretary-Generalof the United Nations. We are confident that his great

efficiency and well-known prudence vil1 enable the international Organization

to play a more positive role in solving all internationalproblems in a just

and peaceful manner, so as to achieve the objectivesernphasized in the Charter (Mr. Basalamah, Yemen)

of the United Nations. In this connection, we should also like to commendthe

positive role played by his predecessor, Mr. JavierPetez de Cuéllar, in the

efforts to aehieve the principies and purposes of the Charter in various

fields of internationallife.

The Seçurity Couacil is considering today a aew question in the framework
l
of its appointed tasks. This question is undoubtedly a part of the new

problems that will greatly affect the nature of internationalrelations in the

1 future and the role of the United Nationsin regard to them. It will also

have important repercussionsand reflections on the Charter of the United
l
1 Nations and internationallaw. It also re-empbasizes the importance of not

1 violatinq the principles of the United Nations in conflictsesolutionand the

need to continuouslyobserve internationallaw, particularlythe Charter of
l
theUnited- Nations, so as to be able tu deal vith internationalissues in a

! sound legal manner. Yemea, while condemning anev al1 forms of terrorism and al1 aets that

rnightendanger or take innocent lives, wishes to express its çerious eoncern

over the loss of lives in civil aviation incidents, inckuding the two
-,-

incidents under consideration in the Security Couneil today. At the same

time, it iç Our opinion that this question should $e dealt with in a legal

framework leading to the punishment of the perpetrators in a manner consonant

with the letter and spirit of international law. We believe that.the adoption

of that method would be conduciveto the maintenanceof the international

peace and securitythe Councll seeks to realize.

In that connection ue bave witnessed the positive responseof the Libyan

authorities and their villingnersto reach in a peaeeful and legal rnanner a

suitable solution that vil1 achieve the desired objective. The question

before the Councll today eoncerns a frateraal Arab country ,and people, It is

important that it be addressedwithkn the framework of the purposes and

prineiples of the United Nations Charter and international law. It is equally

important that there should be no repeeition of the seriaus developments the

Arab region has witnessed in the past - developments that affected us as

Arabs. We hope that adherence to the framework of inlernatio~al Zaw, as

emphasized in the stated positions of the Libyan Goverment and the resolution

adapted by League of Arab States, which aealt with the modalities of a

solution ta this problem, will meet with a positive sesponse on the part of

the Council. We believe that there is stilï tirne and opportunity to find a

suitable and peaceful solution that can easure the sovereigaty of law and

spare us the dangers that might ensue £rom aay hasty determinationof the

frameuork for a solution. S/ PV.3033
57

(Mr. Basalamah, Yemen)

In conclusion, we hope that the SecurityCouncil will deal with the issue

in a wise and balanced rnanner that will quarantee international legality and

justice and ensure the safety and stability of al1 countries.

The PRESIDENT: I thank the representative of Yemen for his kind

words addressed to me.

Mr, SNOUSSI (Morocco)(interpretation from French): I shauld like

first to reitetate to you, Sir, my conqratulatianson your assumptioa of the

presidensy of the Council for this month and to repeat my congratulationsto

your predeeessor, Mr. Voroatsov, who conducted our proceedi~gs last moath with

such effectivenessand suecesç.

My country ha-sparticipated with great interest in the consultationsthat

were held in recent days on the subject of international terrorisrn. Moroeca

has never been either acquiescent or indifferentto that phenornenon and has

always energetically condemned terrorism in all its forms. Our vigilance in

this field has always, 1 believe, been uholly exemplary, Morocco has always

cooperated actively in the United Nations and in al1 regional and

internationalbodies in the drafting and implementation of conventions and

resolutions agaknst terrorism.

Our country has always reaffirmed its complete solidarityuith those

States that have denouneed and condemned international terrorismand reaffirms

its unconditionalcontribution to al1 efforts undertaken to deter and punish

such outrages without compromise.

Throughout the course of consultations1 have had occasion to state rny

country's unswerving devotion to the principles of the United Nations Charter

and its noble objectives. It is our profouad conviction that the question

before the Council is in fact a Last vestige of a period of painful {Mr. Snoussi,Maroeco)

confrontation that marked a world ordet ve al1 hop@ has nov becorne forever a

However, those concerns, vhich felt bound to express
thing of the past.

throughout the discussions,have been motivated solely by our skncerewish to

see that the action taken by the Couneil be in conformity with the ptinciples

of international law. We were also coneerned that the Couneil not associate

itselfwith any precedent that might prove dangerousor regrettablein the

future.

My country" position with regard to the implernentation of this eommon

policy may have appeared somewhat ambiguous. In fact, it is based on

. Moroceo's sincere wish tu ensure that the contemplatedreconunendations would

fa11 wkthin the framework cf and respect international law.

In this particular case we feel at this stage that the cooperation

requested is fully juçtified as concerns the establishmentOf facts,

particularly the ldentity of the suspects in the case. In 31ght of the

çerious alleqationsmade by the cornplainantStates, the Libyan authorities

will, I am sure, do everything possible to cooperate fully in arriving at the

ttuth. The Mknister for Strategic Industriesof Libya has just qiven us his

assurance that this is the case.

However, with regard to the implications to be dram £rom the

responsibilityof such persons, whea it is finally demonstrated,rny country

feels that we are touching on a principle of international law that is well

established in both unwritten law and in variousinstruments, as well as in

several recommendations of the United Nations General Assembly. That is the

principle of "extradite or proseeute",

Ia this instance, Morocco çannot share the viev that adoption of the

draft resolution before us today enshrines any exception to that uncontested (Mr, Snoussi,Morocca)

principleof international law. Our memberrhip of the Council and our respect

for it makes it incumbeat upoa us to drar attentionot al1 times to this

fundamental aspect of the problem facing us today. Nos, as a Maghreb State

and a part of the Arab nation, can we ignore the fact that the State being

singled out here is, like us, an Arah and Muslirn country and a member of the

Arab Maghreb Union. That State must be allowed ta state its position, enjoy

its rights and demontrate its goodvill.

The participationof the Secretary-General,whs is knovn by al1 for his

devotion to respect for international law and to upholdingthe principlesof

the Charter, is out best guarantee that we are movingtovards cooperatiaà by

al1 parties in establishkngthe rruth and fa implemeating the legal

proceedings afready ia'train. H~S visdom and erperiencewill, X am sure,

enable us to evercome al1 the difficulties wlth which the proèlem of

international terrosism is fraught and wlll surely be a constructive

contribution that, while respectingestablished legal noms, wFll enable us to

achieve the goals we have set for ourselves,namely, the punishrnent of the

guilty and àeterrence of such acfs in the future, with the eooperation of aL1. (Mr. Çnoussi, Morgceo)

1 would not like to conclude my statementvithout expressingmost wormly

my thanks for the understandingand coopesationmy delegation enjoyed from the

representatives of three friendly countries - France, the United States of

America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northetn Ireland - the

sponsors of the draft tesclutionbefore out Council. These consuLtationsmade

it possible for us ta qet together with the non-aligned group and explore al1

aspects of the problem.

The Kingdom of Morocco ks particularly interested in contributlngto

bringing about harmony among the members of the international community and it

vil1 continue, 'asit has done in the past, to make every effort to reduce

misunderstanding and problems of communicationwhich have often complicated

relations between certain States.

The PRESIDENT (interpretationfrom French): I thank the

representativeof Morocco for the kind words he addressed to me.

I should like to inform the Couneil that I have received a letter from

the representativeof the Islamic Republic of Iran in which he requests to be

invited to participate iu the discussionof the item on the Council's agenda.

In con£ ormity rith the usual practice, 1 propose, with the consent oE the

Council, to invite that representativeto participate in the discussion

without the right to vote, in accordancewith the relevant provisions of the

Charter and rule 37 of the Council*~provisional rules of procedure.

There being ao objection, it is JO decided.

At the invitation of the President, Mr. Zarif (Islmic Republic of Iran).

took the place reserved for him at the sidaof the Council Chamber. The PRESIDENT: 1 invite the repreçentativeof the Islamic Republic

of Iran to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. ZARXF (Islamic Republic of Iran): Mr. ~resident, my delegation

and 1 are pleased to see you presiding over today's important proceedings, as

well as over other crucial issues which the Security Council faces this

month. We are confident that under your vise leadership and skilled diplornacy

the Security Council will do its utmost to uphold the authority of the rules

of international law and to cause fairness and justice to prevail,

Felicitations and thanks are also due to AmbassadorVorontsov, Permanent

Repreçentative of the Russian Federation, for the excellentmanner in which he

guided the deliberations of the Councilduring the preceding rnonth.

May I also take this opportunityto congratulateHi5 gxcellency

Mr. Boutros Ghali, a distinguished dipkomat of high calibre, for his very

well-deserved election as Secsetary-General of the United Nations. I wish

also to congratule the new memberç of the Security Council and wish them a11

suçcesç.

The Security Council is meeting today to decide upon the eiscumstances of

Iwo tragic events: the crash of Pan Am flight 103 on 21 December 1988 and of

UTA flight 772 on 19 September 1989. The first tragedy taok the lives of

270 unsuspectinginnocent people and the second resulted in 171 deaths. The

issue before the Security Couneilis, therefore, one which involves a

considerablemeasure of humanity. It is a questionof humaa life:

çpeckfically, it is an attempt to preserve the most basic of human rights:

the right to one's life. Thus, Council members are engaged in an endeavour to

pseserve this right and to make sute thot tragedies*of this sort do not occur (Mr. Zarif, Islamic

Republic of Iran)

again. This endeavour is most praiseworthywhen it is initiated, deliberated

and decided upon in accordance only with the rule of law.

Assuming that these tragedies are the result of terrorist acts, one

cannot but lend full support to the attempts to establish responsibilityfor

the acts that led to the deaths of so many innocent people. The Goverment of

the IslamicRepublic of Iran holds the view that al1 acts constitutinq an

unlawful interferencewith internationalcivil aviationaffect the interests

of the internationalcomunity and must therefore be suppressed,uhatever the

situation or the motives of the offenders. As such, the offenderor offenders

in the present cases must be brought to justice.

In this context, the applicablerule of internationallaw is not

arnbiguouç. The 23 September 1971 MontrealConvention for the Supptessian of

Unlavful Acts agaiast the Safety of Civil Aviation does nat obliqate the

Libyan Arab Yamahiriya to extraditeor surfender the alleged offenders to any

other Çtate that may ais0 have jurisdiction to try thern, provided that Libya,

as a Contracting State, undertakes to make the offence mentioned ia article 1

of the Convention punishableby severe penalties. Reqrettably, the draft

resolutionbefore the Security Council goes beyond this explicit rule of

international law. This departure £rom the established rule of law is

augmented whea the cooperative approach of the Goverment of the Libyan Ar&

Jamahiriya is taken into accouat. Libya has weleomed the possibilityof a

commission of Arab and internationaljurists following the course of the

investigation which the Libyan authorities have initiated upon the requests of

the States that have nou sponsored the draftvresolution. The Libyan Foreign

Miaister has announced,in his letter to the Secretary-General of the United

Nations circulated as document SJ33416, that &e United States Administration (Mr. Zarif, Islamic
Revublie of Iran)

and the British Government have been requesteà to nominate lawyers to manitor

the fairnessand propriety of the inquiriesit initiated in that respect.

Therefore,the Governmentof the Libyan Arab Jarnahirira bas taken the

necessary measurer in accordancerith article 5 of the Montreal Conventionto

establishjurisdiction in this case, and it has also gone out of its uay to

...
accommodatethe sponsors of the draft resolutionby inviting them and

representativesof the international commuaity to monitor itç inquiry.

In this eontext, my Goverment endorses and suhscribes ta resolution

No* 5158 of th.eCouncil of the League of Arab States, Issued on

16 January :992 and eireulated as Security Council document Çf23436.

In Light of the above, and for the sake of the integtity of the

Organization, we cal1 upon the parties coacesned ta heed the principle of

peaceful settlement of disputes in accordancewith paragraph 1 of Article 33

of the United Nations Charter, which reads in part as follows:

"The parties to any dispute, the continuanceof which is likely to

endanger the maintenance of internationalpeace and seeurity, shall,

first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation,

coaciliation,arbitration, judicial settlement ...".

Withi~ the broad context of this prinelple of the United Hationç Charter,

article 14 of the Montreal Convention of 1971 presents the solution in terms

of arbitration. Paragraph 1 of article 14 seadç in part as follovs:

"by dispute between twu or more Contracting States concerningthe

interpretation or application of this Convention which cannot be settled

through negotiation shall, at the request of one of them, be subrnitted to

arbitration." (Mr. Sarif. Islamic
Republic of fran)

My delegatioabelieves that the Libyan offer to7subrnit the case to

international arbitration is a prudent courseof action which deserves the

support of the international community. Çuch a courseof action Es consistent

with both the letter and the spirit of international law and affords a greater

above all, it will preserve the integrity of
degree of independent inquiry.

the United Nations in general and the SecurityCouneil in particular.

The Goverment of the Islamic Republicof fran rlshes to reiterate that

it has categoricallycondemned and continues to condemn al1 formsof

international terrorism. In out view, al1 acts eonstituting unlawful

interferencewith international civil aviation muçt be suppressed irrespective

of the situation or the motives of the offender. To achieve this end,

however, other laus are not to be vialated; such practice beeomes the fruit of

the poisonous tree and thus unacceptabletu men of reason.' The PRESIDENT: 1 thank the representative of the Islamic Republic

of Iran for his kind wordç addressed to me.

I should like to inform the Council that X have reeeived a letter dated

21 January 1992 £rom the Permanent Representative of Morocco to the United

Nations, which reads as folious:

"1 have the hoaour to request that the Security Council extend an

invitationto His FxcellencyAmbassador Engin A. Ansay, Permanent

Observer of the Organizationof the Islarnic Conferenceto the United

Nations, to address the Council under rule 39 of its provisional ruler of

procedure during the Council's diçeusçion of the item pseçently on its

agenda. "

That letter will be published as a document of the Seeurity Council under

the symbol S/2344T.

If 1 hear no,objection, 1 shall take it that the Couneil agrees to extend

an invitation under rule 39 ta Mr. Ansay.

There being no objection, it is so decided. ,

1 invite Mr. Ansap to take a place at the Council table and to rnake his

Mr. ANSAY: Mr, President,1 have the honour to extend through you

my thanks to the members of the Council for allowing me to speak on such an

important issue.

At the outset 1 should like to congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption

of the presidency of the Security Council for this month. We are confident

that under yout able steering the Couneilwill reach a just decision.

Our congratulations go also ta Ambassador Vorontçov, your predeceçsor.

1 should also like to avail rnpself of the opportunity to welcorne

and congratulate most heartily Mr. Boutros Boutros GhaLi. Our nsw (Mr. Ansav)

çecretary-General, on his assumptionof this lofty and equally responsible

position. We wish him luck and assure him of Our full cooperation ana strong

support in his noble work.

The Orqanizationof the Islamic Conference cundernns terrorksm in al1 its

forrns. This has been proclairned in various OIC âecisions and resolutions

taken either at the meetings of its Foreign Ministers or Heads of State or

Government.

Therefore, it is the OIC's principled position that the destruction of

Fan Am flight 103 and the UTA flight of 19 September 1989 were heinous aets of

terrorismwhich should be condemned and that al1 States and parties should

assist in the apprehension and prosecution of those responsible for those

criminal actç.

Durinq its last smit meeting in Dakar, Senegal, the,OIC adopted a

resolution on the particular issue before us and, with your permission, Sir, 1

should like to inform the membership - as I have been lnstructedto do - on

the content of that decision, reçolutionNo, 20:

"Having consideredthe item related to the crisis iavolving an OLC

Member State;

"Guided bp the principles of the Charter vhieh cal1 for the

promotion of solidarity among Member Stater ;

"Abiding by the objectives and psinciples of the United Nations

Charter which stipulate that al1 States are committed to refraining from

the use or the threat of use of force in their international relations,

the settlement of their disputes by peaceful means, respect for the

independenceof al1 Member States, and refraining from posing any threat

to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and sa£ ety of theirpeople; "~eaffirming its clear and unequivocaldenunciation, on previous

occasions, of al1 forms and types of tersorism, and its condemnation of

al1 those who use or encourage it, be they individuals,groups or States;

proceeding £rom the faith of the DfC Member States that terrorism suns

caunter to the Islamic values In which they believe, and which commit

thern never to tolerate.or disregard terrorism, ia so far as it

contradiets the aspiration of individualsand Governments in the

international community to a life of peace. where stability and security

prevail ;

"Taking note with great satisfactionof the declaration by the

Libyan Jamahiriya that it denounces al1 forms and types of terrorism, and

condemns al1 thoçe that use or encourage it, and its willingness to

çaoperate with any international or regional judicixl or humanitarian

body in working for combating It; and in appreciation of the legal

procedures it has taken in this connection:

"Expressing satisfactionwith Libya's declaration that it 5s fully

psepared to cooperate with the United States and the United Kingdom

jvdioial authorities and that it welcornes visits by judges and

investigatorsfrom the United States and the United Kingdom, so as to

ensute the seriousnessof the procedusesand the impartiality of the

investigationsconducted in the charges levelled at some af its citizens

and for the full truth to corne to light reqarding such charges:

"1. Takes note with satisfaction of Libya's confirmation that it

denounces and condemns terrarism and that it is fully prepared to

cooperate with any quarters fighting and working to combat terrorism, and (Mr. Ansav)

cornends the sensible way in vhlch Libya has dealt with the threats
I
directed against its territorial1 integrity and the seeurity of its
I

population: I
i
"2. Expresses eoncetn ove;r the escalatioaof the crisis, and the
I
reference to the possible use of force, which does not accord vith the
l
l
proper system of dealing with otheI States, the United Nations Charter,

or international law; and callS for abiding by internationlconventions,

i
and the use of dialogue and negoti,tions as a means of solviag the
1
disputes between,Çtates: I
!
"3. Reaffirrnç its full sdlidarity with the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

and calls for averting any esoJomic or miiitary action against Libya;
l
"4. Requests the secretaty-~eneralto Follov up this question and
I
subrnit a report tkcreon ta the ~ember States. '*
I

The PRESIDENT: 1 thank the PerIanent Observer of the Organization
I
of the Islamic Conference for his kind words on rny behalf.

It is my understanding that th= Couneil is ready to proceed to the vote
I
I
on.the draft resolution before it. 1ff I hear no objeetian,1 shall take it
l
that that is the case.

There being no objection, it is so decidea,

1 shall first cal1 on those members of the Council who wish to make

statements before the voting.

Mr. MUMBENGEGWI (Zimbabwe): Let me begin by congratulating you,

Sir, on your assumptionof the demanding task of presiding over the work of

the Council for the month of January. The skills, both diplornatic and

intellectual, that you have demonstrated in guiding the Council's work so far

assure us that the Council is in good hands as It prepares for a (Mr. Mumbenaeawi, Zimbabwe}

histosy-making session at the highest level In the coming few dèys. We also

take this opportunity to extena our warm appreciation to

Ambassador Yuliy Vorontsov of the Russian Federation for the able and çalm

manner in which he guided the vork of the Council last month, at a time when

his ovn country was going through a rnornentous transformation.

Although I have had the opportunity to congratulate and welcome our

Secretary-General on another occasion, allow me, Sir, to do so on this

occasion, çince it is the first formal meeting of the Council at which I have

spoken since he assum~d that high office. As one of the three African

representativeson the Council, I could hardly disguise the fact that it is a

source of special pride ta see one of the most distinguishedsons of Africa,

Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali, head the Organizatian at sueh a aomentous juncture

in its history.

The issue before the Council today is a grave one. The wanton and wilful

taking of human life that resulted £rom the terrorist acts committed against

Pan Am flight 103 in Deçember 1988 and UTA flight 772 in Septernber1589 must

be eondemned. Zimbabwe, vhich also has been a target of acts of terrorisrn

over severak years, coademns terrorisrn in all its forrns. We believe that

there should be no place for perpetrators of actç of terrorism to bide.

Terrorisrn, in all itç fotms, must be punished. It is our view that

international terrorism constitutesa grave threat to internationalpeace and

security. The 1976 report of the Sccretasy-General aptly characterized it as

"a threat to the fabric of arganized society and a potential danger to

al1 Govetnments and peoples". (A/31/1/Add.l.nart VI)

The Çouncll is, therefore, doing the right thing in addressingthis issue

today, as it did in 1970, whea it adopted resolution 286 (19701, and in 1989,

when it adopted resolution 635 (1989). (Mr. Mumbenueswi, Zimbabwe)

In our view, the draft resolution on vhich we are about to take action

seeks to achieve two main objectives. First, it seeks to rend a clear message

that the Council is determined to deal firmly with terrorism. Secondly, it

seeks to ensure that the aeeused are brought to trial. It is Zimbabwe's view

that this has to be achieved on the basiç of the eçtablished legal norms and

the existing international legal instruments applicable to acts of terrarism.

My Government believes that in this regard the Security Council should be

guides by the 1971 Montreaf Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts

against the Safety of Civil Aviation. That Convention, like its sister

Convention ou the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft - The Hague

Convention - designed to combat hijacking. vhich is aaother act of terrorlçm,

seeks to implement the traditional precept of aut dedere. aut un ire,

generally translated as "extradite or punish". My Govervent understandsthe

sensitivity chat has always characterizedthe issue of extradition. The

extradition of one's own nationals is impermissible in the laws of many

States. This is why the existing international legal instruments make it

clear that if the State holding the alleged offender does not extradite it

shall be obligea, rithout any exception uhatsoever, to submit the case to its

cornpetent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.

Zimbabwe uelcomes the elear rale vhich the draft resolution gives to the

Secretary-Generalin resolving the dispute before the Couneil. We believe

that on a matter of grave importance such as the one Before us it is prudent

and appropriate that the Council take full advantage of the good offices of

the Secretary-General. It is our sincere hope that when he reports back to

the Council on the outcorneof his efforts it vil1 be possible to arrive at

arrangements satisfactoryto al1 parties concerned. The PRESIDENT: 1 thank the representative of Zimbabwe for his kind

words addressed to me.

Ur. PQSSQ SERRANO {Ecuador) (intetpretatioa from Spanish): Since

this is the first time my delegationhas spaken this month it vishes to tell

you, Sir, how happy we have been at the very active and efficient way in which

you have been conducting the Couneil's work. We also wish to express our

gratitude to the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation for the

diplornatic skill, kindness and couttesy with which he conducted our

discussions last month.

We welcome the presence here of the new Secretaty-General. We vish to

repeqt our villingness to cooperate fully and eoestantlywith him.

We also vish warmlp to welcome offbcially our new eclleagues,the

representatives of Cape Verde, Hungary, Japan, Morocco and'venezuela.

The Presideetof Ecuador, Dr. Rodrigo Borja. has said on many occasions

that our country is an island of peace. That is not a gratuitous or unfounded

assertion. In the context of our subcontinentEcuador is one of the countries

which suffer.least the effects of viplence. Terrorisrn is unknown. This puts

an unavoidable tesponsibilityon the Ecuadorian authorities,which must

maintain this island of peace and defend interna1 peace as a true national

heritage.

At the international level, therefore, Ecuador considersit to be its

duty to cooperate in actions direeted towards eliminating violent aggression

and combatingtetrorism in any form. Ecuador must express its total

conàemnationof any acts af terrorismor violence and any violationof

internationalpeace and security or threat ta it.
IJP/jh S/PV.3033

73

(Mr, Posso Serrano, Ecuador)

Those are the basic reasonç that prompt mp delegation to vote for the

draft resolution, Ecuador is convinced that that is the only vay to express

our rejeetion of violence and criminal aggression.

In addition, the delegation of Ecuador is convineed that the Security

Council is called upon to sead a clearwarning to halt any eacouragement, even

if simply through tolerance,' of acts of terrorism.

However, rny delegation vorked with the other non-aligned eountriesto

ençure that the draft resolutionwould not be rnisintetpreted or be a negative

preeedentwhich would run counter to the regular powers of United Nations

bodies or which could be used as an exarnple for possible action or

intervention at a latet date. Ecuadoralso expressed its belief that in this

case, as in any other, it is essential to act in sueh a way that thete can be

no rnisinterpretation or prejudging of special situations, and to ensute that

actions shall be subject to the clear legal principleç within the cornpetence

of States, in particular with regard to extradition. In-addition, the

delegation of Ecuador agreed with the other non-aligned countries about the

need to establish a reliable, step-bg-step ptocess to deal with the claims

made by the United States, France and the United Kingdom against Libya and to

preserve the right of-the Libyan Goverment to clarify its position and fulfil

its obligations.

Castly, the delegation of Ecuador trusts that the draft resolutionwill

be taken in cantext and used only for its unique pusposes, to deal with those

in~olvedin acts of terrorism and the meting out of punishmeat, if that is

decided upon. The PRESIDENT: 1 thank the representativeof Ecuador for his kind

vords addressed to me.

Mr. JESUÇ (lape Verde): My deleqation takes much pleasure in seeing

you, Sir, psesiding over the Couficil's vork for the month of January.

Your experieneedguidance and dedication have already le6 us ta produce

many importantdecisions in the course of this montb, whieh give us the

assurance that much more vil1 be accomplishedby the Council under yaur

disciplinedand active leadership.

To your predecessor in the presidensy,AmbassadorVoiontçov of the

Russian Federation, go our congratulations on the skilful and professional

rnanner in whieh he led the Council's deliberationslast month.

My delegation is very pleased to see here with us the new

Secretary-General,Mr. Beutros Ghali. As he starts his important mandate and

assumes his high and sometimes delicate responsibilities, we wish hirn much

success and happiness.

Cape Verde as a matter of principle condemns, in the strosgest possible

way, acts of international terrorism, by whomever perpetrated. Nothing can

justify the use of violence against targets which causes the 105s of life of

innocent victims and creates a general clirnate of insecurity.

..- (Mr. Jesus, Cape Verde)

Our vote, houever, cannot and must not be interpreted or coastrued in any

way as favourinq the setting of any precedent tbat could change the

well-established rules and international practiee on extradition. Like the

constitutionsof many other countries, our Constitution States, in its

article 33, that in no çircwistanceç should any tape Verdean citizen be

extradited from Cape Verde. We believe that to be the expressionof a
..
principle dear to al1 countries, a principle that should be preserved. As a

small nation we hold deas respect for the nosms and principles of

internationallaw that over the centuries have served nations well.

fa attempting to find a solution to on episode related to specific

circumsta~ces - however pernicious that episode may be and however much it is

to be rejected - one should aot lose a sense of the broader perspective, and

one should carefully resist the temptationto cseate a le&l entangkernent to

which we might al1 fall victim in different circum,stances.

We are of the view that at al1 tintes this case should be handled with due

respect for the principle of the peaeeful settlernent of disputes, and within

the boundaries of international Law. In this respect, we expect the

Secretary-Generalto play a pivotal role in helping to bring about a

negotiated solution.

Those are the parameters within which our affirmative vote on the draft

resolutionhas to be seen.

The PRESIDEWT: I thank the representativeof Cape Verde for his

kind uords addressed co me. (The President)

1 shall now put to the vote the draft resolution contained in document

A vote was taken bv show of hands.

In favaur: Austria, Belgium, Cape Verde, China, Ecuador, France,

Hurigary, India, Japan, Moroeco, Russian Federation, United

Kingdom of Great Bsitain and Northern Ireland, United States

of America, Venezuela, Zimbabwe

The PRESIDENT: There were 15 votes in favour. The draft resoiution

has been adopted unanimouslyas resolution 731 (1992).

I shall cal1 nou on those members of the Council who vish to make

statements follawingthe votinq,

Mr. PICKERING (United States of America): In adopting

resolution 731 (1992), the SecurityCouncilhas again àemoastrated the

important role which it should play in this nev and hopeful erl of

internationalrelations. Its responsibilitiesfor internationalpeace and

security are paramount, and it has shown again that it takes such

responsibllitieswith the utmost seriousness.

The Councilhas been eonfsonted with the extraordinary situation of a

State and its officials which are implieated in two ghastly bomblngs of

eivilian airliners. Gis is a situation to which standard procedures are

elearly inapplicable. The effects of such conduct on international peace and

security are clear and inescapable.

The Goverments of France, the United Ringdom and the Ueited States have

preseated to this Council the reports of investigationswhich implicate

officials of the Libyan Government in the bombings of Pan Am flight 103 over

Scotland and UTA flight 772 over diger. Four hundred forty-one completely (Mr, Pickerina, United States)

innocentpeople from 32 çountries, including from seven of the members of this

Council, were murdered in an act of blatant, cold-blooded ana brutal terrorism.

The issue at hanà is not some diffetence of opinion or approach that can

be mediated or negotiated. It is, as the Security Çouncil has just

secognized,eenduct threatening to us all, and directly a threat to

internationalpeace and security. Tbe mandate of the Security Council

requires that the Çouncil squarely face its responsibilitiesin this case. It

must not be distraeted by Libyan attempts to convert this issueof

international peace and securityinto one of bilateral differences.

The resolution just adopted responds to a special situation that has been

brought before this Council. It makes a straightforwardrequest of Libya:

that it eooperate fully in turning over its officiais who have been indicted

or imblieatedin rhese bombings and that it take concrete actions to conduct

itself as a iaw-abiding State. It also calls upon the Secretary-General to

.add his efforts to those of the many States encouragingLibya to comply fully

and effectively uith this resolution. The resolution makes it clear that what

the Council is seeking to ensure that those aeeused be trie6 promptly in

accordance with the tenets of internationallaw. The resolution provides that

the people accused be simply and directly turned over te the judicial

authorities of the Governments which are competent under international law to

try them.

Until aow, Libya has refused to respondto those requests and has sought

ta evade its responsibilitiesand to procraçtinate. mile Libyan efforts to

obscure the nature cf the issue before the Council have included explicit

agreement that its national3 may be tried elsewhere, those efforts also (Mr. Pickerinq.United States)

involve tortured attempts to identify or create venues that could reduce and

even negate the value of the evidenee so painfulky collected in long and

thorough investigatioas by the requestingStates,

In adopting this resolution the Council has respondedin a careful and

prudent manner to a unique situation involving clear implications of

State-sponsored terroristattacks on civilaviation. The Couacilhas clearly

reaffirmed the right of al1 States in accordance with the Charter to protect

their eitizens. The resolution makes it clear that neither Libya nor indeed

any other State can seek to hide supportfor international terrorism behind

traditionalprinciples of international law and State practice. The Couneil

vas faced in this case with clear implàeations of Goverment involvement In

terrorism as well as with the absence of an independent judiciaryin the

implicated Stste. Faced with canduct of this nature, the Couneil had to act

to deal with threats to international peace and securitystemmingfrom

extrernely serious terrorist attacks,and it did sa with firmness, digaity,

determinationand courage. The Council'saction thus sends the clearest

possible signal that the international comunity will not tolerate sueh (Mr. Pickerinq,United States}

We nou hope that Libya will respond effectively, and do so rapidly. The

voice of the internationalcommunity in ais regard is clear and deterrnined.

The Council erpects Libyan cornpliance with the resoiution which it has just

adopted. The enormity of the crimes comitted and the onslaught agaiest

international peaee and security demand no less. The Council will be watching

The Councilvil1 preceed in a step-by-step
carefully how Libya responds.

manner, I am sure, Eo maintain its cornitment to international peace and

security. It will continue to ensure that its voice and its deeisions do al1

that is possible ta persuade Libya, and any other States that might be

motivated in the future to act as Libya bas, to eease such actions aow and in

the future. If further action sheuld be necessary, and we hope it ri11 not

be, ne are convinced that the Council is ready on a continuing basis to face

up to its full responsibilities.

Mr. ROCHEREAU DE LA SABLXERE (France) (interpretation from French):

The Goveraments of France, the United Kingdom and the United States each

published oa 27 November last a nationaleommuaiqu& eonveying to the Libyan

authorities specifiç requestseonnected with the legal procedures under way,

following the attacks against UTA flight 772 and Pan Am flighk 103; and,

together, they published a joint commuaiquérecalliagthese tepuests and

calling upon the Libyan authoritiesto comply with them wlthout delay. To

date, the Libyan authoritieshave not responded satisfactorily ta these

requests.

The SecurityCouncil has Rad occasion repeatedlyto conderna actions

against the security of civil aviation and to cal1 for the strengthening of

cooperation between al1 States in order to prevent or punish al1 acts of

international terrorism. and for the prosecution of the perpetratorsof such

acts. (Mr. Rochereau de la Sabliere,
rance )

The French Goverment has, vithin the United Nations. sepeatedlg

denounced internationalterrorism. This is a scourge that in itself

constitutes a threat to international peace and security. It blindly

endangerscitizensof al1 States. Al1 appropriatemeans must be used to

eradicate it.

That is the spirit in which France has undertaken its action. The

deliberate and wilful destruction of these aireraft, çausing the death of

hundreds of vietims, is a clear-cut case of international terrotism. The

exceptional gravity of these attacks and the considerationsconnected with the

restoratioa of law and security justify this action ia the Security Council.

This.action, motivatedby these speeific cases of international terrorism,

cannot coastitutea preeedent.

In these cireumstanees, France hopes that the unanimius teaction of the

international community, expressed by the Security Council in its resolution

731 (1992),which ue have just adopted, will induce the Libyan authorities to

respoad very quickly ta the requests of the judicialauthorities conducting

the investigationinto the heinous attacks comitted against UTA flight 772

and Pan Am flight 103, vhich claimed 441 victkms coming £rom various parts of

the world.

Mr. NOTERDAEME (Belgium) (interpretation £rom French): Belgium has

alvays eondemed recourse to international terrorism in al1 its forrns and

whatever attempts are made to justifyit. This attitudeis based on

international lav and the principlesof the Charter. Moteover, it has been

repeatedly eonfirmed by the SeeurityCouncil. (Mr. Noterdaeme, Belaium)

The recentupheavals in the world political co~text provide the

internationalcommunity with possibilitiesfor action to attempt to control

this phenornenon. Belgium believes that al1 States must cooperate in

developing and implemeating measures to ptevental1 acts of terrorism. In

maay cases, these actually repsesenta thrtat to international peace and

security. Accordingly, they must be resolutelycombated. In accordancewith

the preventiveapproach, we should alsa cut off patential terrorists £rom

thei r commaadcentres.

Clearly, terrorist actions are more often than aot possible only with the

active or passive supportof certain States, in flagrantviolation of the

legal commitmentsand moral values which they profess. Belgium denounces and

condemns any relationshipbetueen States and terrorist groups and hopes that

the States about whi~h alleqationsare made in this respeck'will unambigucusly

reaffirm theircornitment to ending any farm of collusion with international

terrorism.

More specifically,our Council has had before it todag a draft resolution

relating to the in-flight destruction of Pan Am and UTA aircraft. First and

foremost,Belqium wishes here again to pay a tribute to the innocentvictk,ns

of these two attacks, iacluding a Belgian national.

Those are extremely serious indicationsof the responsibillty of Libyan

offieials in the destruction of these tuo aircraft in flight and the death of

al1 their passengers. ft is Libya's responsibilityta cooperate fully with

the legal authorities of the States directly coneerned in these two attacks, 1

so that responsibility con be determined once and for all.

Over and above these two partieular cases, the tesolution that the

Cauneil has just adopted should, in my country's opinion, constitute a

clear-eut feaffimation by the international community of its coademnation and (Mr. Noterdaeme, Belqium)

total rejeçtionof international terrorism. It should above al1 represent a

first step touasds a more transparent system within wbich it would becorne

increasingly difficult,and ultirnately impossible, for terrorist organizations

to beaefit £rom the collusion and support of certain States.

Mr, LI Daovu (China) (interpretation£rom Chinesel: First of ail,

please allow me to congratulate yau, Sir. on you assumptlonof the presidency

of the Secutity Council for this month. With your well-knom diplornatic

talents and rich experience, 1 am confident that you vil1 guide the work of

the Security Council for this month to complete suecess. I should like to

thank your predecessos,Ambassador Yuliy Vorontsov,PermanentRepresentative

of the Russian Federation, who led the Council in a remarkable way to the

fulfilmentof its work last month. At the same time, I wish to take this
,
appartunity to express warm congratulations and best wishes to the new

Secretary-General,that outstandingpolitician Mr. Boutros Ghali. 1 am

confidentthat he will, in this noble post, make brilliant contributions to

safeguardingthe purposes and principlesof the Charter of the United Nations

and'further enhancinq the pole and prestige of the Drgaaization. 1 should

also like to pay a heartfelt tribute to the former Secretarp-General,

Mr. Perez de Cuellar, for the widely acclaimed active efforts he made during

his tenure of cffice to sttengthen the role of our Organization in the

internationalarena. Finally, I wish to velcome the new members of the

Council - Cape Verde, Hungary, Japan, Morocco and Venezuela - and Co thank the

outgoing mernbers - Côte dqvoire, Cuba, Rornania, Yernenand Zaire - for their

contributions.

The Chinese Eoverment"s principled position on the question of terrosism

is kn0~ to all. We have persistentlyoppased and condemned al1 forms of

terrorisrn, because terrorisrn endangers innocent lives. We deeply deploie the (Mr.Li Daovu. China)

bombings of Pan iunflight 103 and UTA flight 772 and their serious

conscquences. Such a tragedy, in our view, should never be repeated, and we

are in favour of conduetinqearnest, fair, objective and thorouqh

investigations on the bombing incidents, in accordanee with the Charter of the

United Nations and the principlesof international lav, and of inflicting due

punishent on tbose accused, if proved guilty. (Mr. Li Dawu, China)

We have noted that, ever since the United States, the United Kingdom and

France made publie their investigationson the bofnbing incidents, the Libyan

Goverment has show a certain fleribility an relatedrnatters and indieated

itç willingnessto cooperate in finding a solution. We also understand that

grave differences still exist between the three countties - the United States,

the United Kingdom and France - on the one side, and Libya on the other, as to

how to carry out the investigationsand proceedingsregarding the

aforementioned incidents. China believes #at prudent and appropriate rather

than high-pressureapproochesshould be aaopted to bridge sucb differences,

During previous rounds of ~0n~ultatioXk~ and discussions, ue noticed that

the non-alignedmembers of the Council erpressedtheEr concetn ovet the faet

that the Security Couneil might base its decisionsolely upon the unilàteral

investigationsof certain countriesand, in particular, that the issues of

jurisdictionand extraditionwere involved. The non-aligaedmembers therefore

put forward constructive proposals which the Chinese delegationsupports.

Considering that the proposalshave been accepted by the sponsors of the

resolution, and proceeding £rom the Cbinese Goverment's consistent prineipled

position against tetrorism, the Chinese delegation voted in favour of

resolution 731 (1992) adopted earlier.

Neverthelpss, 1 should like to reiterate here that China still believes

that there exist possibilitiesand opportunities at present to solve the

problem through consultations. 1 wish to reiterate that the Chinese side

sincerely and stronglyhopes that countries directly involved in thiç issue

uill resolve their differencesby peaceful consultationand through diplornatic

channels so as to find a reasonable and fait solution ta the bombing

incidents. Çuch an approaeh uould not only avoid complicating the problem

further and increasing the tension, but also contribute to the maintenance of (MF, Li Daovu, China)

regional peace and security as well as upholding the UnitedNations Charter

and the principles of international law. We are convinced that, as long as

al1 the parties concerned adopt a positive, tesponsible and constructive

attiude, an appropriateand reasonable solution to the existing problem vil1

be found.

In conclusion, I should like to emphasize that the adoption of this

resolution should not lead to any drastic actionor ro exacerbating tensions.

The PRESIDENT: I thank the sepresentative China for bis kind vards

addressed to me.

Mr. VQRQNTSQV (RussianFedesation): The RussianFederation

unreservedlycondemns al1 acts of international terrasism vithout exception,

constitutinq as tbey do an open threat to international security. We

vigrously appose acts of terrorismthat involvethe deathç of innocent people,

djsrupt the diplornatic activitiesof States and their representatives,and

whieh complieatethe normal course of international contacts and meetings and

transportagion links between countries. In this regard we believe it

necessary to sttenqthen international cooperation in the elkminationof

international terrorism. Recentyeats have seen a gronkng trend towards

increaringcooperation in the world, including within the United Nations

system, in the field of the struqgle againstterrorism. Today's meeting of

the Security Couacil is confirmationof this.

This is not the first time that the problem of tesrorisrn against civil

aviation has appeared on the agenda of our Couocil. The Couneil's last

resolution on this subject - resolutian 635 (1989) of 14 June 1989 - coademned

all acts of illegal infringement of the security of civil aviation and called

upon al1 States to cooperate in producinqand implementingmeasuses to prevent

al1 acts of terrorism,includingthose involving the use of explosives. (Mr. Yorontsav.
Russian Federation)

It is Russia's belief that the cooperatianof Members of the United

Nations in this area should be based upou the principles and norms of

internationallaw. A major stimulus for the concertationof international

efforts should be the protection of the lives and safety of people.

On the basis of nhat X have said and of oui principledapproach of

unswerving observationof international legality and lav, we supported the

tequest of the United Kingdam, the Uaited States and France for the eonvening

of a meeting of the Security Council. The tragedy of Pan Am flight 103 and

UTA flight 722, which took hundreds of innocent lives,must not be allowed to

be repeated. At the hands of ruthless terrorists there perished twice as many

people as are now la this very Chamber. Often, the exigencies of our tasks

sequired us to fly, and ue can imagine the helplesshorror experiencedby the

passengers of these tu0 aircraft at the explosions.

We most energeticallycondemn the destruction of these aircraft and those

who are responsible for the deaths of these people. We believe it necessary

to ensure the comprehensivecooperation of the Libyaa authorities,as vell as

that of other States, in establishingresponsibility for the acts of terrorism

committed against these aircraft. It is our belief that in no circumstanees

must the prestige and good name of a country be allowed to suffer £rom

vrongful or criminalacts committed by ony of its citizens. It is important,

in accordance with universallyacknowledgedlegal noms, that the judicial

organs of those countries to which the downed aireraft belonqed and aver whose

territory the crime was committed should be allowed to deal with this case,

Internationalinterestin this trial should ensure that it is open and

impartial in nature. (Mr. Vorontsov,
RUSS~~~ Federation)

The threat constitutedby acts of terrorism agaiast civil aviation to

internationalsecuritpand stability must eonsokidate the efforts of the

international communityto produce the necessary measure of reaction to this

transnational challenge. We supported the resolution just adopted bg the

Security Council in the belief that it is a step in that direction.

Mr. ERDOS (Huagarp) (interpretation from French): As this is the

first time that the Hungariandelegabion has spokea in an official meeting ef

the Security Council, permit me to convey to you, Sis, ous best wishes for

suecess on your assumptioa of the psesidency of the Couneil for the month of

Januaty. At the same time, I should like to congratulate you on the dynarniç

activity in whieh. under your highly competent leadership, the Couneil has

been,engaged çonstantly since the beginning of the year. .We are also grateful

to Ambassador Vorontsov of the Russian Federation for his uork as President of

the Council last Deeember.

I also take this opportunityto expressour warmest congratulationsand

to vish every suecess to Mr. BoutrosBoutros Ghali, the new Secretary-General

of the United Nations. 1 assure him of my country's most active and

constructive cooperation in the performanceof his highly responsibletasks.

Fiaally, I should also like to convey rny gratitude for the kind words

addressed to my country, amoag others, upon its election as a aew

non-permanent member of the Security Couneil.

Hungarian public opinion has followed with growing eoacersterrorist

action that continue to poison international life. It has also noted the

recent increase in acts of terrorismcomïtted on our own territorg. Most

recently, the phenomeaon of terrorism has struck'us twice: a bomb attack took

place in the vicinity of the Budapest aitport on a bus carrying Jews frorn the (Mr . Erdos , Hunqary)

former Soviet Union on their way to Israel; onother attack took place against

the Anbassador of Turkey in Budapest.

Hungary flrrnly condemns in all its forms the scourge of terrorism,which

is hecoming one of the most alarming global phenornonena of the late tuentieth

century. It also condemns any assistance, director indirect, given to those

uho plan or carry out such actioas. The traqedy of Pan Am flight 103 affects

Hungary direetly, because four of out citizens died in that auful disaster.

No one is immune to these monstrous and senseless acts, and among the victirns

there could very welL have been cbildren, relatives or friends of people

sitting around this very table os present in this rovs of representatives'

seats.

We therefore associate ourselves with the statementmade at the time by

the Presidentof the Security Council on its members' behalf. This statement

ealled on all States to assist in efforts aimed at arresting thoçe responsible

for this criminal act and at bringing them to trial. We also recall General

Assembly resolution 46/51, which appealed to al1 States tq take effectiveand

determined measvres rapidly and definitively to eradicate the scourge of

internationalterrorism. (Mr* Esdos, Hunqary)

Ours iç a position of principle and we are guided by our responsibilities

to the relativesof the Hungarian victims. Hence ve feel morallp bound to

contribute in so fax as ue are able to establishing the facts relating to such

criminal incidents .

The attacks on fan Am aad WTA aitcraft are acts that obviously threaten

internationalpeace and security. AS a result, ue feel that it is entlrely

justified and highly appropriate for the Security Council, the United Nations

body eatrusted vith the primary responsibility for the maintenance of

internationalpeace and security, to consider these terrorist manifestations,

It was with deep concern that Hungatian public opinion learaed of the

results of the inquiries that implicatedLibyan natioaals in the tragedies

that occurred over Scotland and the Sahara. In a public statement in early

December the Hungarian Goverment stated that there ras a pressing need for

al1 States Members of the United Nations, including the Libyan Goverment, to

cooperate in estalishing al1 the facts of the case and in determining

responsibility so that those who had perpetratedthe crimes might be brought

. to trial and rncted punishmentcornensurate with their deeds. Hunqary

expresses its deep concesn at terrorist acts in which States are implicated,

directlp or indirectly. Each and every rnember a£ the internationalcommunitp

is in duty bound to cooperate fully and appropriately to bring the facts to

light and to establish responsibilityunequivocally. That applies to the case

now before us as it does to all other manifestatioas of international

terrorism.

Hungary believes that the question of eradicating internationalterrorism

has a legltimate place among the concerns of the Security Council, whiçh, on

the basis af its mandate und~r the Charter, is obliged to follow eloseiy anyevent that might' endanger internationalpeaee and security. In this

eonnection the Council is in duty bound to exercise vigilance and to remain

seized of specific acts of terrorism that threaten or destroy innocent lives.

For verbal expressionsof faith are no longer enough; the tirne has corne for

concrete actions. ft is on the basis of thoçe considerationsthat Hungary

decided to vote in favour of the resolution, and we were pleased that it waç

adopted unanimously.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation£rom French): 1 thank the

sepresentativeof Hungary for his kind words addressed to me.

ML. HOHENFELLNER {Austria): Austria firmly and unequivocally

condemns all acts of terrorism and has aluays done so. Austria has

eonsistently called on the international community - and in particularon the

United Nations - ta increase efforts to combat international terrorisrn.

The resolutionadopted by the Çecurity Çsuncil,today is an important step

in this concerted action aqainst the seourge of international terrarism. %y

condernning the terrorist attacks leading to the destruction of Pan Am

flight 103 and UTA flight 372 and urging the Liéyan Goverment to contribute

to the elininatioaof internationalterrorism the Secusity Council has aeted

within its responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and

security. Such terrorist acts strike at the very foundation of modern

civilizationand jeopardize frieadly relations among States and, indeed,

endanger their security. The perpetrators of these criminal acts must

thereforebe brought to justice, and it is now up to Libya to Lena its full

coopcration to this end. That is uhy Austria supporteâ resolutioa731 (1992).

The intensified leqal and psactical caoperation of al1 States is

essential and, indeed, indispensable for an eif ective f ight against (Ur. Hohenfellner, Austria)

internationalterrorism, Austriahas thereforebecome a party to all relevant

international instruments against terrorisrn. We believe that action taken by

the Security Couneil in this field should be guided by the principles

enshrined in these conventions if a State çonsistently refuses to caoperate

with the internationalcommunity in ais effective fight against terrorism.

Mt. GHaREKHAN (India): Let me begin, Mr. President,by Selicitating

you on your presidency cf the Security Council for the month 6f January 1991.

Your experience and energy vill, 3 am confident, provide the Council with

noteworthy stewardship during this month.

I should like,to convey my delegation's appreciationto

Ambassador Vorontsov of the Russian Fedesation dos his extmplary presidencyof

the Council last manth.

Today's meeting of the Counril also provides me with the opportunityof

warmly welcorning Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali on hiç election as

Secretary-Geaeral. It is a special pleasure for me as India's represeatative

to uelcome him in ous midst and to wish him successin his very important

tasks.

May I also coavey my warm appreciationto the deleqations of Côte

d'Ivoire, Cuba, Yernen, Romanla and Zaire, the outgoing members of the

Council. I should like to tbank them for their warm cooperation with my

deleqation last year. f should a150 like to welcome Cape Verde, Japan,

Hungary, Morocco and Venezuela, the ner members of the Security Council.

The universak conceru at the scourqe of international terrorism $rings

the Security Council into session today. This is not the first time the

Couneil has taken up the issue. Resolutions 286 (1970) and 635 (1989) had

addressed the problem. Separately, the General Assembly ha3 also proneunced

itself on terrarism. (Mr. Gharekhan, India)

After the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 in December 1988 the Council's

rnemberrhip issued a press statement calling on al1 States to assist in

apprehending and prosecuting those responsiblefor the crimieal act. In

meeting today to adopt resolution 731 (1992) the Council takes cognizance of a

dispute involving two sr more States in an issue of manifest concern to the

internationalcommunity. The Coucil's need to act in the maintenance 05

internationalpeace and security is therefore legitimate.

There is hardly any country which has not beea the victim of terrorism of

some form or the other, India has bad direct experienee of terroristviolence

of various kinds. In 1985 an Air fndia Boeing 747 en toute to India from

Canada uas blovn up in mid-air with a lass of around 400 lives. Innocent

1ndians have been victirnsof couatlessother terrotistattacks that include

hijackings, secessionist violence fomented fram outside aimed at destabilizing

the country and terrorism inspired £rom acrass our national boundaries.

Several Indians lost their lives on board Pan Am flight 103.

It is no wonder, therefore,that India vigorously condernns terrorism in

al1 its forms. Our painful experlence of the devastation and tragedythat

international terrorismleaves in its wake enlistsour involvement in toàay's

decision of the Council.

1 should stress here that the Cauncil is specifically addressing the

question of international terrorism. My delegation's vote an the resolution

is an expression of its cooperation in the international comrnunity's efforts

to combat this menace. The Council'saction,in other words, is directed

torards this objective of eombating terrorismand does not, in my delegation's

vieu. prejudge the conunitment - or lack of it - of any country in prornoting

the objective in rnind, (Mr, Ghsrekhan.India)

Goverment5 have sometimes,for short-term gains, been lenient with

terrorists. For ex~ple, hijackers have been allowed to go unpuaished, a

leniency that only emboldensterrorists. My delegationbelieves*therefore,

that âetermined Seeurity Couacilaction should send out the message that

terrorists, and international terroristseven mre, vil1 not find safe havea

anywhere but wkll be £lushed out and punished for theirmisdeeds. (Ur. Gharekhan. India)

Today's resolution, againstthis backdrop, throws up complex and

-i'm$&tant questions that deserve attention. In eaplaining my delegation's

vote, 1 should like to make the folloving points.

The action that the Councilenvisages today, unprecedentedin Council

annals, and with juridical implications, caanot be a precedent. The goal of

eradicatinginternationaltesrorism is a pressingone. At the same tirne*

cateful note should be taken of the legal implicationsinhereat.inan issue of

this kind as it is considered in the Council. We are dealinghere with a case

where three Statesr on the basis of evidence gatheredby them, wish to enlist

the membership of the Security Council in taking action. Such an approach

immediately brings up the provisionsof the United Nations Charter and of

international law. It is my delegation'sconviction that action by the

Council should be withia the ambit of and through the means provided by

international lav. That is rhy my delegation believes that today's decision

of the Çauncil cannot be considered precedent setting.

1 would furthermore stress the importanceof recognizingand respecting

national sovereignty. The concept has been widely perceived to have corne

under some strain recently and deserves reiteration. This is al1 the mare

important where delkcate and cornplex international issues with implications

for national sovereignty, sueh as the one we are consideringtaday in the

Council, are coneerned.

Bon-alignedmembers of the Council engagea in a serious attempt at

finding a consensus on this issue. My delegation believes that the important

efforts of the nonaligned eaucus, throuqh consultations with the sponsors of

the resolution,contributedmeasurably to the consensusadoption of the

resolution,

k fusther coneern of my delegation related to uhat the resolution bas nov . (Mr. Charekhan, Indial

addressed by calling upon the enofmous prestige an& resources of the

Secretary-Geatralin the cause of peace. My delegation believes that, had the

Couacil nat invoked the services of the Secretary-General, it would have

deprived itself of one of its most potent instruments in the maintenance of

internationalpeaee and security. I should add that it is my delegation's

understanding that the Seeretarp-Generalwill report to the Couneil on the

outcome of hi5 efforts.

It is on that understanding that rny delegation voted in favourof

resolution 731 (1992).

~he PRESIDENT: I thank the tepresentativecf India for his kind

words addsesçed to me.

M l 0 (Japan): Japan, vhich has long held the positionof

strongly opposing tcrrorism in any form, has been followingclosely the

inquiries into the bombing of fliqhtsPan Am 103 and UTA 772, amongwh~se

victirns was a Japanesenational.

The facts of the in~idea-,~ ineluding any possible State involvement,

must be thoroughly clarified and those responsible identified through due

legal process. If these incidents are revealed to be the results of

international terrorise activities, then those involved deçerve strong

censure. My Government has called upon the Libyan Government to respond

effectively to the reguests made by France, the United Kingdoin and the United

States.

The Seeurity Council has witnessed a spirit of cooperation in the process

of draftinq this resolution,and I hope that the Secretary-Generalvil1 be

suceessful as he seeks the cooperation 05 the Government of Libya in providing

a full and effective response to those reguests.

My delegation welcomes the adoption of the resolution. Mr. ARRIA (Venezuela) (interpretation £rom Spanish): Mr. President,

3 am especially pleased to join in the congratulations that have been offeted

to you by rny colleagues. Your intelligent and active leadership has made it

possible for the Council to deal smoothly, speedily and effectively with such

complex matters as Yugoslavia, Cambodia, El Salvador and nou Libya.

We wish alço to pay a tribute to Mr. Vorontsov, Permanent Representative

of the Russian Federation, for the extraordinary manner in which he guided the

Council's proceedinqs during a period of great signifieonce to hks country and

the world.

That Mr. Boutros Boutros Ghali haç now assumed his post as our new

Secretary-General is a source of great satisfaction to our country.

Venezuela ks this month beginning its fourth term as a member of the

Security Council, where it has always maintained an unshakable position in

support of peace, international security and full respect for the sovereignty

of nations. Our Organization's Charter has been the frameworkwithin which we

have enunciatedcur positions, with the intention of always reflecting also

those of the community we represent. We are well avare of the fact that,

although out country alone is responsible for its decisions in the Council, we

eannot disregard the opinions of the nations ve represent here. Our

affirmative vote taday is a consequence of this vision and this responsibilitp.

International terrorism has taken thousands of vietirns and, generally

speaking, its perpetrators ana instigators have remained unpunished. Such

carnage continues to penalizethe whole world with a kind of psychological

terrorism which obliges us to make major efforts in the field of çecurity in

order to prevent such criminal acts. All people who use civil aviation are

today stilï hostages to the kind of terror and anguish resulting from acts

such as the downing of the French aircraft of UTA and the American airctaft ofRG/22 S/PV. 3033
99

(Mr. Arria, Venezuela)

Pan Am. Those who rnake use of civil ais transport eannot remain in a state of

constant anxiety, and that is why we propose that the Cauncil should pronounce

itself in a new resolution on terrorism in general, just as on how it will

deal with these crimes. Our action against crimes against mankind vil1 not be

limited to the case now befare us. It is obvious that, as long as the

perpatrators remain unpunished, terrorism will never cease.

The inability of the General Assembly to take a stand on the

establishment of an international crime tribunal has made it necessary for the

Couneil taday ta act and to assume its responslbility towards the comunity we

represent. Although this measure iç exceptional and has involved problems for

many of out eountries in the area of jurisdictionand extradition of

nationals, the Çouncil does have the necessarycornpetence and it must be

prepared to assume the enormous responsibilityknvolved in filling this

institutional qap the fesult of the lack of alternative machinery to deal with

crimes against mankind.

There ean be no doubt that the decision taken unanimously by the Çeeurity

Council confers legitimacy and representatiwenesson this resolution, the

premise of which is Limited strictly to aets of terrorism involving State

participation.

In these new times kt is urgent to accelerate the decision-making process

so as to be able to deal vith situations in vhieh internationalcooperation

must triumph over confrontation. Since 1948 the United Nations has been

considering the establishment of an internationalcriminal tribunal, callinq

on the International Law Commission to study its establishment in order to try

persons aceused of genocide and other crimes.

The latest initiave in this direction uas taken by Trinidad and Tobago,

which in 1989 requested the General Assembly at its forty-fourth session to (Mr. Arria. Venezuela)

include the item "Internationalcriminal responsibilityof individuals:

establishment of an international criminal court". The former Prime Minister

of that nation, Arthur Robinson, in his staternent before the Genetal Assembly

in 1990 çaid that an international criminal tribunal uould provide

"... greater protection for seeurity and sovereignty, particularly of

small States; essentially, it is stability and world order that are at
. .

stake." (A/45/PV.20, a. 31)

The United Nations today is playing a particularlyprominent role in new

world çircumstanees, That is why 1 wanted to take this opportunity of my

first statement.in the Council to stress that internationalimpunity endangers

international peace and seeurity.

Hov much longer vil1 we have to uay for the creation of a judicial orgaa

to try thoçe who are guilty of crimes against mankind? The ~iited Nations has

for 40 long years been dealing vith the creation of sueh a tribunal, that i~,

practically çince its founding,but the time for action bas never yet seemed

ripe for itç sepresentatives. Twenty years aqo, diverse considerations

paralysed the politicalwill of our Organization to deal moraily and

juridically with terrorism. Defining terrorism itçelf led to interminable

discussions. Al1 theçe considecationç are not relevant taday, and we must

assert the will of the United Nations and not raste any more liveç os time. (Mr. Arria, Venezuela)

It is time we understoodthat this is not an academic subject: This is a

real subject, as the resolutionue adopted today shows. The United Nations,

because of its role in the warld, cannot afford to continue to debate in

coming years a matter of such significanceand urgency. If anything affects

international security - and it ri11 be affected by this in the future - it is

crimes against mankind. International impunity is an intolerable threat which

cannot be accepked. The United Nations is obliged to act vithout any fusther

delay.

The countries that sponsored this resolution- the United States, France

ana the United Kingdom - worked rith the group of non-aligrred countries

represented in the Coucil and made the clear dsclaration that this resolution

is exceptioaalby its nature and canaot be consideredin any way as a

precedent but is intended only for those cases in which States are involved in

acts of terrorism.

Venezuela ean never be dlsassockated £rom an international effort against

terrorism as represented by this resolutioe. This is a matter where vagueneçs

or equivocation caanot be tolerated. It is uot enough just to issue a

declaration of priaciples against tesrurism. Venezuela today, thankr to the

General Assembly, is in a position in which it feels abliged to be respcnsible

and unequivocal.

Finally, 1 should like to say that our desision-makingprocess took very

mueh into occount the results of the three years of investigationswhich uere

carried out by three countries universallyrecognizedfor their respect for

the prineiplesof law and the independenceof their judicial branches. The

ttibunals of those ccuntiies have eondsrneeà no one and have confined

themselves exclusively to determining the existence of evidence that would

justify impartial criminalpsoceedings, (Mr. Arria, Venezuela)

Like al1 coutries of Spanishotigin, Venezuela xecognizes its links with

the krab world, whose history is largely the history of marikind. We feel that

this makes us particulatly sensitiveto their problems. For this reason we

are confident that the purpose of this resolution - a peaceful settlement of

the dispute - can be achieved. Aecordingly, we deern the urgent and active

participationof the Secretary-Geaeral to be if speciaï political and

institutionalimportance.

The PRESTDENT: 1 thank the representative of Venezuelafor his kind

words addressed to me.

I shall now rnake a statement in my eapacity as itsherepresentative of the

United Kingdom.

The Council is meeting today to consider two of the most horrific acts of

terrorism that the world has seen. The destructionof flight Pan Am 103 over

Lockerbie on 21 December 1988 resulted in the deaths of 270 people:

259 passengersand cseu, and 11 residents of the Scottish tom of Lockerbie.

The destruction of flight UTA 772 on 19 September 1989 resulted in

17% aeaths. Four hundredaad Eorty-one peole died in these two acts of mass

murder and they were nationals of over 30 differentcoutries. Forty-seven

British nationals were killed. The United Nations itself lost a most

distinguirhed officer, ML. Bernt Carlssotz, the Commissioner for Nmibia. The

enormity of theçe tragedies must be cleat to ali, even in a world that has

become hardened to acts of tetrorism.

But rhere is another aspect which sets these cases apart: the clear

indieatioa of Libyan Goverment involvement. It is this which has led the

British Goverment, together with those of France and the United States, to

brinq before the Council Libya's Eailpre, thus far. to ccimply uith our (The President)

requests that the accused be made available for tria& in Seotlandor the

United States and to eooperate with the French judicialauthorities. Xt is

this exceptional cireumstance of goverment involvement which has made it

appropriate for the Council to adopt a resolution vrging Libya to comply with

those requests. He trust that the Libyan authorities will new see reaçon and

cornply fully and effeetivelywith our requests and make available the accused

for trial in Scotland or the United States.

The facts are tully set out in the documents circulated some tirne aga to

the Couricil. On 14 November 1991 the Lord Advocate,who is the head of the

independent prosecution authdrity in Scotland, announced his conclusionthat

there vos suffieient evidenee to justify application to the court for warrants

for the arrest of two named Libyaa nationals. The court issued warrants for

their arrest on charges whleh include conspiracy and murder. Details of the

charges are set out in the annex to SecurityCouncil document 23307. f uould

wish to ernphasize the thoroughnessof the police investigation, wbich lasted

almostthree years; the oustandingvork of many police officers and ogencies,

not only in Scotland but throughout the world, and the extraorainary

achievement of the forensic scientists and other specialists. We are not

asseeting the guklt of these men before they are tried, but we do say that

there ks serious evidenceagainst them whieh they must face in court.

The accusations levelledat Libyan officiais are of the gravest possible

kind. The charges allege that the iadividuals acted as part of a conspiracy

to further the purpases of the Libyan Intelliqence Services by criminal

means. This was a ma55 rnurder, and one in which we have good rearon to

believe the otgans of a State Member of the United Nations were kmplicated. (The President)

~ollowing the issue of warrants against the tua Libyan officials, the

British Goverment sought to persuade the Libyan Goverment to make available

the two accused for trial ia Scotland. Ho satisfactory response was

received. So on 27 Hovember 1991 the British and Àmerican Goverments issued

a statement declaring that the Goverment of Libya must surrender for trial

a14 those charged with the crime, and accept complete responsibilityfor the

actions of'libyan officials; disclose al1 it knows of this crime, iecluding

the narnes of all those responsible, and allow full access to al1 witnesses,

documents and other material evidence, iacluding al1 the remaining tirners; and

pay appropriate compensation.

On the same day, the British, French and kmericanGoverments issued a

deelatation requiring that Libya comply vith tbeir repuestsand, in addition,

that Libya commit itseLf concretely and definitivelyto cease al1 farmsof

terrorist action and al1 assistance to terroristgroups. They stated that

Libya must promptly, by eoncrete actions, prove its renunciationof terrorism,

Over two months have passed since we requestedLibya to make the accused

available for trial. No effective respoasehas been received. Instead, the

tibyan authorities have prevaricated and have resortad to diversionary

tactics. The letter dated 18 Jonuary concerning a request for arbitration

uader article 14 of the Montteal Convention is not relevant to the issue

before the Cooncil. The Councilis not, in the words of article 14 of the

Moatreal Convention, dealing vith a dispute between two or more Contracting

Parties conceraing the interpretation or application of the Montreal

Convention. What we are coneerned vith here is the proper reaction of the

international comunity to the situation arising frorn Libya's failure, thus

far, to respond effectively to the most serious accusations of State

involvement in acts of terrorism. (The President)

We have thought it right, and indeed preferable to other ways of pursuing

the matter, to corne before the Council and seek the Couneil's support, through

the tesolution just adopted. We very much hope that Libyawill respond fully,

posltively and prornptly, a~L3that the accused will be made available to the

legal authorities in Scotland or the United States, and in France.

The two accused of bombing Pan Am flight 103 must face, and must receive,

a proper trial. Since the crime occurred in Scotland and the oireraft was

Ameriean, and sinee the investigationhas been catried out in '~cotland and in

the United States, the trial should elearly take place in Scotlandor in the

United States. It has been suggestedthe men might be tried in Libya. But in

the particular eircumstances there can be no confidencein the impartiality of

the Libyan courts. The suggestion of a trial before some international

tribunal is simplynot practieal. The InternationalCourt of Justice has no

criminal jurisdistioa. There is no international tribunal with such

jurisdiction.

In addition to the need to bring to justice the perpetrators of these

particular crimes, it is vital that this Council send an unequivocal message

to other would-be tertorists. me Couneil's action should have an important

deterrent effeet. In future, terrorises operotiag with the connivance or

support of a Goverment ri11 knov that they can be brought to trial swiftly

and effectivelyin the country where their crime ras comitted. We eannot

afford to give the impression that they will be qivea special treatment,or

benefié £rom diplomatie haggling.

We do understand the position of those countries'whose own laws prevent

the extradition of their nationals. But there is no rule of international law

whieh precludes the extradition of nationals. and indeed many countries place

no bar on this and regularly do extradite their oun nationals. This is the {The President)

case with the ~niked Kingdom,the United States and many other countties. We

are not, by tbis resolution, seeking to challenge in any way the domestic

rules in those countries uhich prohibit the extradition of nationalsa We are

not seeking ta establish any precedent that would cast doubt on the legitimacy

of thoserules, We are not settinq a broad precedeat. We are dealing only

with terrorisrn in which there is State involvement. In the circumstances of

this case.lt must be clear to al1 that the State which is itself Prnplicated in

the acts of terrorism cannot try its own officiais.

1 now resume my funetions as President.

There are no further names on the list of speakers. The Security Çouncil

has thus eodcluded th= preçeat stage of its considerationof the item on its

agenda.

The meetincf rose at 3.20 v.m, Exhibit 20

Report by the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 4 of
Security Council Resolution 731
{United Nations Document S/2357 4; 11 February 1992)UNITED
NATIONS

Security Council Pistr.
GENE=

ORIGINAL: ENGLISB

1. This report is being suhnitted pursuant to paragcaph 4 of Security
Couaeilresolution 731 (19921, which requested the Secretary-Geaaral "ta seek
the cooperationof the Libyan Govarment to provide a full and effective

tespanse" to the rspussts tafsrred ta ia that resokution.

2. Fullowinqcausultationsrkth the Libyan authoritiea, the
Sectetary-Gensral sent Under-Sscretary-GeneraV lasiLiy Safronchuk as his
Special Envoy to Lihya ou 25 January 1992. The nsxt dap, Mr. Safronchuk
esllid on the Libyan leader, Colonel Qaddofi. and delivsred to him a persoaal
message from the Secrstary-Gensral together with the tezt of resolutkon531

and the rslated recordsof tha SecurityCouncil. In his measaqs ta
Colonel Qaddafi, the Sscretatp-Gemeral noted that he war eacouraged by the
assurances giverr to hh by MinistsrJadallaBelgassΠEl-Talhi that Libya was
ready to cooperata with him. Purther, whils erpressing the earnest &ope that
the rnatter in qutstfoncourd bs resolved puiskly so that peaee could prevail,
the Secretary-Gansral emphasiaed that ho uas acting udsr tha tems of

potagtaph 4 of tf!~olutfon 731 and not as a mediator batwsen the Security
Couneil aad the Libyan authorities.

3. In rtspcmding, Colbnsl Qaddafi askad the Spieial Envoy to rciterote to
the Secreitsry-Gsnssal hi8 readiness to coapsrate with him. Followingreesipt
of the chargas aqainst tw tibysiinationals, Colonel Qaddafi statsd that the
Libyan authoritims had fmmrdiately startsd lcqal procaedknqs aqaiast them and

appointad a judgs Eo trp them. Bi added that the two Lkbyan nationalr had
hired lawyet~ to tspresent thm. Colonel Qaddafi said that the Libysn judqes
would require furthsrinfotmatioo and that this should be provided by the
Goverma~ts of ths United States and the United Kingdom. He furthsr suggested
that if thors two Govsrnmeotswera dissatisfied with the tibyan judges, then
thcy shauld send their own judges. With specifie teference to the requests

eontained in resolutioa 731 (19923, Colooel Qaddafi stated that ha could not
take my action vhich would eantravcne the lcqal systcm of Libya. He
suggested, howsver, that the Secretary-General invite to Libyajudges from the
United States, the United fingdom and France, as well as rcpresantatives of
the League of Ar& States, the Orgknizationof Atsicaa Unity and theS/23574
English
Page 2

Drganization O£ the IsLamic Conference to observe a trial ka the event that

the Libyan judges deçided to try the two LJbyan nationals,

4, After careful consideration of this response, the Secretary-General on
30 January 1992 once again seceived the Permanent Representative of Libya in
New York and i~Eomed him that he rould now need to report to the Security
Co~cil. The Permanent Representativeindicatedthat he would like to have a

further discussion with his leadership. He proposad ta the Secretory-General
to allow him fire to sir days duriq which he would Ily to Tripoli and consult
rith hks leadership on itt finalpoaitioa. -on returning from Tripoli, the
Permanent Bepresenfative met the Seeretary-Gsnsral on 11 Pebruarp and
indicated that hm waa mandats%by his leadership to convep the follawiag reply:

11) Libya had deeided to aceept "the French demanda since they were in
conformity rith international law and did aot infrimqeupoo the
sovereipnty of Libyaw. Lfbya requsstsd,thssafori, that the
Secretary-General Inform the French Govssmnt of that decision. The
Libyao authorities futthet rsquested that the Secrstary-Çaneral eitber

take the initiativeof settfng up a mechmism for the implementation of
this aspect of the tasolution or ask Prairesand Liùya to neqotiate such a
meehanismamong themselves,

12) As fat as resolutioo 731 as a wlrale was concsrnsd,tibya va3 rtady
to eooperots fully with the SeeurityCounciland with th8

Seeratary-Gensral "in th8 ligbt of the ststsmanta made in the Security
Couacil asd in a way that npuld mot infringsupon State sovereigntynor
violate the Charterof th United Nations ancl principles of international
Law". It vaa thus bis copntry's view that "a aechanismshould be creatsd
for the implena~tation of rssolutioo 751 and, thetefore, Libya invitad

the Secretary-Gensrol to ersate such a mechanismor to cal1 upon th*
parties eoneernsd to discuss srnomgthtmsslvssand eventually aqree oa
the settiuq up of the mechanism in accardsocewith the spirit ~f
resolution 731".

S. The Secratarp-Genaral explained to the Ambasaador that his ovn rolm uodat

resolution 731 mas dstetaiined by the provisio~ of paragroph 4 of that
resolution. addad, however, that he would inforni tho Security Çouricrl
fully af thm positionof the Libgan authorities. Exhibit 21

Further Report by the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 4
of Security Council Resolution 731
(United Nations Document ~/23672; 3 March 1992)UNITED
NATIONS

Security Council Distr.

GENERAL

S/23672
3 March 1992

FURTHER REPORT BY TRE SECRETARY-GENEBAL PURSUANT TO
PARAGRAPH4 OF SEctTBITYCOWCIL RESOLUTION 731 (1992)

1. The present further report is being submitted pursuant to paragraph 4 of
Çecurity Council resolution 731 (19921, by which the Council requeoted the
Secretary-General t0 oeek the cooperation of the Libpan Goverment to provide
a full and effective response to the requesto referred to in that resolution.

2. Folloving the eirculation.of the Secretary-General'searlier report on
this çubject, A/ the Secretary-General met with the Permanent Representatives
of France, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nosthern Ireland and the
United States of America on 17 Pebruary 1992. They requested the
Secretary-Cenesalto convey to the Libyan leader, Colonel Muannnar Qaddafi,

Leader of the First of Septernber Revolution,the follorrinqpoints on behalf of
their Governments:

(a) The three Governments consider that the statement bg the Libyan
Goverment delivesed to the Seeretary-General of the United Nations throuqh
the PermanentBepresentativeof the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in New York, in

which the Libyan Arab Yamahiriga expresses its readiness to abiae by the
SecurityCouncil resolution and to cooperate fully wite their requests as
refetred to in resolution 731 f1992), represents a step forward only if it is
supported bp action:

(b) In thia eonnection, the three Governments support the request of the

French Goverment and would ljke to be informed of the meehanism by which the
Libyan authoritieswill band over the records and documentation requested, and
vhatever else rnay be requested by the Freaeh examiningmagistrate, and of
where and when the Llbyan authorities intend to do so;

(cl The Governmeints of the States in question weuld further like to know

the time, place and modality of the haad-overby the Lihyan authorities of the
two persoas charged and the information and evidence requestedand the precise
meaçuresthat the LibyanGoverment intends to Eake in order to end support
for terrorismin al1 its forms:

(d) The three Governments have no objection te the haad-overof the
suspectsana the information requested taking place through theS/23672
English
Page 2

Secretary-Genersl of the United Nations in aceordaaca wia paiagraph 4 of

resolution 731 (1992);

te) The three Governmenti hlieve that their requests are elear and
precise and thaf they do not require furthet clarification;

Cf) With regard to the question Of compensation, the arec States seek
to obtain assurancesfrom the Libya Arab Jamahiriya with regard ta its
responsibility in this cotinection.

3. Following consultations with the Libyan authorities,the
seeretary-General again sent Under-Secretaq-Geaeral Vasiliy Safronchukto
Tripoli to convey to ColonelQaddafia secünd messagecontaininq the above
pointa and he asked the Libyan Leadet ta pive hb a preeioe and btailed reply.

4, W. Safroachukfirst met with Colo~el Qaddafi on 24 February 1992, He
then travelledto Gerievaon 25 Pebruary in order to report to the

Secratarp-General ColooelQaddafi'irsaction to bis meaaage. He then rsturned
to the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyaand met qain with Colonel Qaadafi on
27 Pebruary, In tke course of the tu0 meetings the head of the Libyasi Jtste
made the followinqpolntsr

(a) There are constitutional obstructions preventingColonelQaddafi or
the Libpaa administration£rom handigg over Libyan eitiaensabroad for trial

in the absence of am srtradition trestyl

(b) Be may addressan appeal to the Libyan people threugh the People's
Comittse, whieh might tesuPt in ths remval of theseobatructio~is. Be did
not indieatehou long it rould tale to ovareoma the existingconstitutional
hutdlis~

(c) Once the coostitutAona1 problem were solved, the Lfbpaa Arab
Jamahiriya could bs inclined to eomsider Francs as the possible venue for a
trial of the Libyancitisonsr howsvari France had mot regueated mat -y
suspectabs handed over to it for trial;

(4) Althouqh *theLibyanauthoritismcould mot forcibly hand over the
suspuctsfor trial in i forsi- country, the suspecta were free to hand
thamselvia o-r voliiritatily mad the Goveramsnr of the Libyan Arab JamaàLriya

had no intentionof prsventfng thma froa doinq ioi

(a) The poasibflit~ af handingover the suspectsto the authorities of
tbird eountriei for trial magr & con~ideted. In thia context Wta or anp
Arab country mrs meotioned ùy ths Libyka b&rt

fmprovement of bilateral relations butmen th@ LlbganArab
(f)
Jsmahiripa aad the United States muld malte it possible to hand over the two
suspects to the UnitedStates authorStiess S/23672

English
Page 3

tg) The Libyaa Arab Jomahiriya 1s prmpated to cüopsrsts in every ray
posaible to put an end to terrorist activitisiand sevet its rslitfoai with

al1 groups aPd organirations that tarqet innocentcivilisns. It -131 not
allou Its tarritory, citireni or orgsriisationr to h wsd in anp way for
carrying out tsrrorist acts ditsetlyor indirectlp. It in preparid to punish
most savsrsly anyona provon to b imvolved in inch actii

(h) Tt is premature to dineusa the question of compensation. which ean
result only frm o civil court deciaioa. Hov~v~~, -0 Libyen Arub JmahIriya

will parantee the papent of compsnsatfon awardedan a rssult of
responsibilitp of its suipcted citirsni if thsp are tursble to par it
~~mselvei:

Ci) The Libpan Arsb Jamahiriya sgrees to the tsmach rrpPe8t. & a waas
of givingeffrct to thesa rsquests. the Llbyan Arsb Jsgahitips agsbei to act
on the Ptench propial that a judge coma to ths Libysn Arab asmahiripa to

inveitiqateths case as he may sme fit. It agreas to provide the French judge
with a eopy of the minutas of the inveitfgationcarried out by the Libyan
judge t

(j) The Seeretary of the People'sCornitteefor ForeignLiaisonand
International Cooperationof tùe tiby~ Àraù Jamahfripa.
Mr. Ibrahim M. Bishari, on 27 February Z992 addresind a latter to the

Secretary-General of thci Unitmd lutions in which som of thois point8 are
reitmrited (ses &&#es 1 ). Xhe Bscrstary-Genersl rscsivsda' second lsttir from
the Secretary on 2 Uatth 1992 (ses mmx II, enclosure).

5. On 26 February, while in Geaeva tbs Secrstarp-Generol mst with a speeiil
envoyof Colonel Qaddafi, Mr, Yusef Debri.Head of LibyasIntelligence fth
whom the entire situation was rsviewed.

6. Prom the forsgoing, itwill bs seen thstwhils rsiolutioo 733 (19921 has
not yet bee~ colnpliedwith, there has mn a certain evolutionin the position
of the Libym authositiea sincethe Sucritary-Gansralb aarlier report of
11 Psbruary 1993, &f Tbm SecurityCouacil may wfik to consider +$As in
deciding on ita futurscourse of action.~123672
English
Page 4

Lat-r dated 27 Februarv92 ffrm the se--
Paovle's Fiaiso.r-and Iarewtional
on of the Lfbvaa Jmahifa~a &Wzm&U
secrat am-Generu

[Original: Arabie1

Ptoceedingfrom thm adhsrsnce of the Great Jamshiriya to the rules of

internationallar &nd to respectfar the psovisfomsof the Charter of the
Unitedlatians,

fn its desireto proanote international peacs snd security, to strsngtben
friendlprelations betwaen Statian to ensure stabilitp in intirmational
relations, to coadsls~ a11 mdsa of th thrsat or use of force aiadto coademn
internafioual terrorfsm.

Ssoking to ceoperots cloarlr w3th ths WnitedHatiossand $&a
Sacrstary-Generala ,nd basfng itnmlf on tha hman riqhti covsnants and la-
that regard the riqht to litigatfon bsfOre a fiir aod impartialcourt: as an

essantial gu&raiitee of justicen

Undetstanding thm rokaaatruitmdto the Sscretarp-Genmrso lf th@ United
Yrationi, and asaking to dsiaonatrstm ita aincarity&a mssting its fnternstional
obligations,

The Jmshitipa, &spite al1 thm technical, lqal and judicial
difficdtias raisedbp its natioaullegislition* bg intarnational aqtesmaata.
by ths princlples of aomreigaty and by the Charter of Th. Uuited fationr,
with which rs desai Beetwity Cauacilresolutfom 731 (1992)to ba iacompatible,

nevertkmleir exprsssss its full rtiadi~siito coopstate with the
Secrstary-Gom.ersl of thm Uni- lirationii ifaeilitativ the Itciiksatruttedto
him undbr paragraph 4 of acuritp Cotmc%lrasolutioa 731 (1992),

Ta that euâ, tbr Jdriyc progoiea th@ folloring machanismi

1. It ha8 no objrctioaLn priocipls to bandi* ovmt the two suspects to
the Officm of th. tlnitmU SationsDmvelopmsntProgr- in Tripolifor
gusstlontng.

2. Th. Sac+atarp-G.amtal of thm Unitid Bations ahould ftlfdetrtake tfora
a Iegal coairittb. iadr up of fudges whoseprobity and impartialityare
wsll itterted in ordsr to isrpuiriinto the facts, ascmrtafn whmther the
churgsiniadsminit th tro impacts ara -11 foundsd aad conduct a
coiaprshsnsivs inquirg).

3. Should it bcm evident to th. Iectst8q-Gmneral of th United

Mations thst ths chargm'is -11 fbundsd, üie J-iriya will net apposa
the haad-oves oi Um t- iuipscts, -der hi8 p8ra0a UUPQTY~~~OB~ to a
third Party, while atressing that they should not again bm haaâed ovar. S/2367 2
Englith

Page 5

4. Tb Sicreta.p-G8nerao lf the United Watioar ihould andsamur to
providmal1 legal and judicislgusrantses for the conduetof i juit and

fair trial baie& on the Intarmatiana lill of 8uwm Rights and the
priaciplisof international1&+.

Libpo &grima to the Frenchriqwsts. AB a means of givimg affect to

these rqueiti, the Jamahksfya sgrses to &et an thm Frenchproposalthat
a magistrateihould eome to Libya to inventigats the case in the mamer
that hm dsem fit. ft agrsss to provida the Frmnchmagistrats with a
copy of the minutes of ths investigation carriedout by the Libyan judge.

mm Jamhiriya affirmaits outrightcondethmation of tirtorim in 811
its forma snd whatewr ita source# and kt denlei the alleqations
eonesrning its involvementin any tirrorirt acts. Accordingly, it in
prepared to unâsttake the followinqi

1. The Jaaahirfys,denpingthis allsgatiou, han no objection to the
Sscrstary-Gunural or hli repriamntatfve iaveitigstinq the facts in the

Jamahiriyaim order to refute or ~0nfitm it. The Jmahfriya unâirtakes
to ptovid. al1 tb. faeilitiss and infortnation Ehat the Secretarp-Gsneral
or hii raprsaentitivs map dem it naceisary to have in order to arrive ut
the truth, Tbs Jaaiahiriya is of ths viaw that it 1s possible to draw up
an agreement,or bilateral or multilateral agreements,designating the
wayi anâ means necensary for tbs elfmination of internationaltsrrorism,
and it is proparad to enter into bilateral or rnultilateral discussionsto

that mmd.

2. Cibyaarpreiiesits readines6 t0 Gooperate in any mitter that may
put M end to terroriut aetivitiedad t0 Saver its relations with al1
groupi ad otqanirations which target i~noeeat civilims.

3. Libya shall net* undsr anp ci*ciastanees, permit the use of its
tertito~y,its pationala or iti inatktutionsfot the perpetration,
directlp or indirsctly,of. tsrrorist aeti, it ia prepared to

impose the saverest penalties on those 8gainst whom involvementin such
acts CM bs proved.

4. tibpa dertakas to respect the nationalchoices of al1 States md
to build its rslationi on a faundation of mutual respect and
mon-intarferenes in interna1 affairs.

Ths proposala contained in this draft shall be binding on ~ibyaif thiy
are accepte&by me oser partp. The tesultsarrive6 at, whatever they may
h, ahall bs bindiq on ail, a new chapter shall bs opened in relations
htween the two aiderr state terrorim against Libya shall end, thsre shall be

a halt to thrsatamd provocations against it, its territorial integrity, its S/23672
English
Page 6

sovereignty and the integrity of its territorialwaters shall be guaranteed,

the eeonomieboycott shall be ended, its political choices shall be respected
and its nMle ihall finally be removed from the roster of terrorism.

Despite the fact that discussionof the questionof compensation is

prernature, sinca it would only followfrom a civil judgement based on a
criminaljudgement,Libya quarantees the payment of any compensation that
night be incurred bp the resporisibillty of the two suspect& wb are its
nationale in the event thst they rere unable to pay.

The Jarnahiripa stresses to the Seerstary-Generaa lnd to the Security
Counciltbat sll parties muit contribute t0 soopetationand not one parfy

eloni. To this dap. despitw al1 the eooperation that the Jamahfriya has
evineed and bas Ucimoaatrated in practiee, the thtee States in question have
not respoadedto its legitimatsrequsstfor them to provide it rith the
dossiers of the investigationon the basii of wüieh the parties coneerned
presum to maks charges againstthe two suspects, Çadduned as it is at the
laek of eoopetationon the part of tbese parties, it requests pou and the

Council to interesda with theun in thismattsr.

In conclusion, the Jwahktiya apprscistes peur sole and salutaspour
contribution, and it affirma once mors its tesdinesa to cooperatein such a
mariner as to enaurs the succasi of your endaavours.

(-1 IbrahimM. BISHÀBÏ
Seerstoryof the People'sCornittee for
FariigrrLiaison aad International
Cooparation
- 1 hava the hoaourto transmit to you herewith the tert of s letter
addressedto gou by 1Qr. Ibrahim M. Bishatf,Secrstaq of ths E+80pleaa

Cornitteefor Foreign Liaison #d International Cooperation.

(-1 1111 AbaisdEOVDEIBf
FmrmamentBeprsseotativeEnglisb
Page 8

t from the Çecretarv of the Peo~le'aComitt~e
for ForeianL~~raationai Cooperation
of Jqpahnbri~v~rsssed to the
Seeretarv-GeneraL

Siaee the announcement of the ptesumed suspicion of tro Libpan nationala
in the matter of the regrettable incident involving Pan Am flight 103 - in
which innocentpeople were victbs and witb tegard fo which, as before, I can

only express the grief iavokedin me bp the incident and by the vietims who
died in ié - the papular authoritierin ths Jarnahiripa have taken the masures
requirid in ruch cases by the law and by internationalcovenants. The United
Kingdom and tbttUnited States, however, nubmitted to the comptent Libysn
authorities reguests for the extraditionof the two Lfbyannationalafor the
purpose of bringing them te trial themislves.aad thep have constantly
insisted, despite the proposais made by the eompetent authorities in the
Jamahiriya,on requestingartraditionand nothingelse, theraby overstepping

thia limitsof Our domesticlaw and internationalrules and eustoms,

As you know, the United Ringdoai and the United States coavened a meeting
of the SecurityCouneil on the rsgrettable aircrsftincidentand aucceeded in
having the Couaciladopt a resolutfonurging the Jamahfriya to sespond to
their requeata witb tegard to the rilevarit legal procedursi. Following the
adoption of the resalution, tha Jmahiripa mounced that It muld roipond in
a mannes in keeping with its sovsrsigntp and the ruleof law, and it took

practical steps for the implsmsntotioa of the rsiolution as ft ralétedto
legal investigations.

In this connection,I should liks to Say that the ~amahiri'pa, a State
Member of the United Uationa, did not refusaextraditionin itselk. The
domestic institutions of th Jamahiriya,ho-ver, rhethar adminintratfw or
judicial, were faced rith a legal obstacle,namslp that the Libyan law which
has bien in force for mors thau 30 pari does not purmit the *=tradition of

Libyan nationals. Tùin ia a law which ia fullp ia kseping with al1 the
world's legal agatuma The cwapsteat autbritiai in the Jsmahiriya could find
nothing mat would inabla them to rsapond to the rsqu%ats made by theae States
other tban by violatinq the lm* ,and thia is samsthing that ca~not be &ne in
any civilixed State which is a mr of the United lations, It is thfi that
is the obstacle, aud it ii, a8 yuo csp ses, a logalobstacleand nOt by aay
means a political one. The Liùyan authoritiss c-ot bypsss thia legal
obstacle os violate th rightsof eitirsns protectmd by th. la=.

You are awars that th. Unitid Xingdoai and the United Statesare
intimating that they are about to converne anothermeetingof the Security
Couneilin ordsr to isek the adoption of anotherreiolution on the ssilis
matter. It qoes without saying that the convening of iuch a meeting andi thm
adoption of a tesolution, whatsvst ita charaetsrmfght bm, will chang.
ncthing, The legal obstacleiadicated above ri11 romain a8 At.io, and it S/23672
English
Page 9

cannot be altersd by a deciaionof the Security Couneil, rhether a
reconmiendation or a binding reaolution. It would be pointlsss to adopt such a

re~olutioabecauseof its futilityan& the impossibilityof ita Implementation
in liqht of the domestic law in forceand of internatiooal rules and customs
while the competentauthoritiea proclaim that they have no objecticin to
extradition or to trial in any locality.

1 have nought to address mis letter to you io that ws may convsy to you
a picture of the lsgal situationas it reallg in. 1 should like to advise

you, bowever, that the solution to this matter fallswithin the purview of the
law and not elsders and that attsmpts to bypaas the law, even by means of
resolutions,binaimg or non-biading, would seem to ba bath uahelpful and
unrarrantsd sinee thers is no party that is deliberatelyraiainqobjections.
It ia rather the law that has objections,and it is not rational to put
pressure on the law by the adoptionof resolutioniby the SecurityCouneil or
by any other body.

(S.) Ibrahim M. BlSfiAgI
Sectetaryof the People's Cornittee
far ForeignLiaison and International
Cooperation Exhibit 22

ProvisionalVerbatim Record of the Three Thousand
and Sixty-Third Meeting of the Security Council
{UnitedNations Document S/PV,3063; 31 March 1992) Çecurity Council PROVISIONAL
I
SJPV.3063

31 March 1992

ENGLISH 74%

PROVISIONAL VERBATIM RECORD OF THE THREF THOUSAND
AND SIXTY-THIRD MEETING

Held at Headquarters,New York,
on Tuesday, 31 March, at 10.30 a.m.

President: Mt. ARRXA (Venezuela)

Members: Austria Mr. HOHENFEZLITER
Belgium Mr . NOTERDAEME
Cape Verde Mr . JESUS
China Mr. LI Daoyu

Ecuador Mr. AYALA LASSO
France Mr. MERIMEE
Hungary Mr. ERDOS
India Mr. GHAREKHAN
Japan Ms. HATANO
~orbcco Mt. SNOUSSI
Russian Federation Mr. LOZINÇKY

~nited Kingdorn of Great Britain and
N,6rthernIreland Sir David HANNAY
United States of America Mr. PICKERING
Zimbabwe Ms. MWBENGEGAI

This record contains the original text of speeches delivered in English
and interpretatioas of speeches in the othet languages. The final text will
be printed In the Officia1 Records of the Security Cauncil.

Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should
be sent under the signature of a rnember of the deleqationconcerned, within
one week, to the Chief, Official Records Editing Section, Department of

Conference Services,room DCZ-750, 2 United Nations Plaza, and incorporated in
a copy cf the record. The meetins was called to ordes at 11 a.m.

ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA

l
The auenda was ada~ted.
l
(a) LETTFRS DATED 20 AND 23 DECEMBER 1991 (S/23306, Si23307, S123308,
Ç/23309, S/23317)

(b) REPORT BY THE SELRETAFIY-GENERALPURÇUAHT LO PARAGRAPH 4 OF SECURTTY
COUNCIL RESOLUTION 731 (1992) (Ç/23574)

(c) FIJRTHERREPORT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL PURSUANT TO PARAGRAPH 4 OF
SECURITYCOUNCIL RESOLUTION 731 (1992) (S123672)

The PRESIDENT (interpretationfrom Spanish): 1 should like to

inform the Council that X have received letters from the representativesof

Iraq, Jordan, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,Mauritaniaand Uganda in which they

request to be invited to participate in the discussion of the item on the

Couneil's agenda. In confomity with the usual practice,I propose, with the
I
consent of the Council, to invitethose representatives to participate in the

discussion,without the right ta vote, in accordancewith the relevant

1 provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Couneil's provisionalrules of

1 ---- procedure.

1 There bekng no objection, it is so decided.

At the invitation of the President, Mr. Elhouderi CLibvan Arab
1
Jarnahiriva).toak a olace at the Couneil table: Mr. Al-Nima n ira^).Mr. Naouri

(Jordan), Mr. Ould Mohamed Mahmoud (Mauritania) and Mr. Karukubiro Kamunanwire

(Uqanda) took the places reserved for them at the side of the Council Chamber.

The PRESIDENT(interpretation fram Spanisb): The Security Cduncil

will now begln its consideration of the item on its agenda. The Security

Couneilis meeting in accordance with the understanding reached in its prior

consultations.EMS/ 4

{The President)

Members of the Council have before them two reports by the

Secretary-Generalpursuant to paragraph 4 of Security Council tesolution

731 (19921, contained in documents S/23574 and S/23672 respectively.

Members of the Council also have before them document 5123762, uhich

contains the text of a draft resolution submitted by France, the United

Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America.

I should like to draw attention to the followingother documents:

S/23641, letter dated 25 February 1992 from the Permanent Representativeof

the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressed to the

Çecretasy-General; Ç/23656, letter dated 26 Tebruary 1992 from the Permanent

Representative of Portugal to the United Nations addressed to the

Secretary-General; SJ23731, letter dated 18 March 1992 from the Permanent

Representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya to the United Nations addressed

to the Secretary-General;and S123745, letter dated 23 Masch 1992 from the

Chargé d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Jordan to the United

Nations addressed to the Preside~tof the Security Council.

The first speaker is the representative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, on

vhom 1 now call.

Mr. ELROUDERI (Llbyan Arab Jarnahiripa) (interpzetation £rom

Arabic): At the outset, Sir, permit me on behalf of my delegatioato

congratulate you on your assumption of the ptesidency of the Security Council

for this month. We are confident that the ski11 and expertise to which you

have accustamed us wi13 contribute to the çuccess of the Security Couneil's

work in a manner that will achieve justice and maintaia the ptinciplesand

purposes for wbich the United Nations was ereated. EMS/ 4

(Mr, Elhouderi,Libvan
Arab Jmahiriva)

Today the Security Couneil is once again considering the 1988 crash of a

Pan American aircraftand the 1989 crash of a ElTAaircraft, along with the

accusation that two Libyan national5 causefi the destructionof those

aireraft. This is oçcuring without taking into consideration the ftamevork in

which the issue should be examined: the legal framework. ft is occurring

vithout awaiting the final word on the subjeet £rom aeutral and objective

jurisdietion.

The Security Couneil'sdecision to coasider the item agaia two moaths

after the last time it did so implies that all aspects of the question have

. been exhaustively considered, that the two Libyançitizens have been convicted

by a just and objectivecourt, that it has been clearly and unequivocally

provea that the two accused are linked to the Libyan State, that the Cibyan

State is responsible for their acts and that it is now the task of the

Security Councll to carry out the sentence.

But the facts are different. Even the evidence on the basis of which a

court rnightconvict or acquit the accused is incompletet parties have not

eooperated with the judicial authorïties in Libya. having refused to turn over

the files on the case and the evidence in their possession.

The situation iç very siinilar to the way in vhieh the Security Councîl

has consideted this matter £rom the very beginniag: today's meeting is taking

place under the sarnecircumstancesand with the same motivatioas.

Last January befose the Council, the delegation of the Socialist People's

Libyan Arab Jomahiriya reviewed vhat Libya has done in the face cf United

States, British and French alleqations. mile it would be repetitious to goEMS/4

(Mr. Elhouderi,Libvan
Arab Jmahiriva)

over those measures again, my deleqation believes it would be useful now not

merely to recall them but also to demonstrate the extent to which Libyan

authoritieshave coaperated and how much they waat completely to uncover all

the facts relatingto these criminal acts.

In that context, 1 repeat before the Council mat when my country

received the documents of indietment its competent judieial authorities begaa

tu act. Tvo judges were appointed and began work imnmediately; they undertook

an initial investigationand an osder was issued to hold the two accused in

initial custody. (Mr, Elheuderi, Libyan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

Furthermore, my country has expressed its readinessto caoperate with the

judicial authorities in the States coacerned; we have expressed our readiness

ta coaperate with all the parties coacerned in their investigations, We have

alsa asked for all the evidence, al1 the documents, to help us in our

investigations. The relevant authorities in my country have expressed their

readiness to receive investiqators to garticipate in the investigations and

have welcomed civif rights ana human rights lawyers.

In addition, despite al1 considerations respectingLibya's national

jurisdicticn, the relevant authorities in my countryhave said that they would

weleome a neutral investigatingeommittee or puttidq the mattes before the

International Court of Justice. Although the dispute is of a purefy legal

nature, and tberefore should be solved by legal means in accordance with the

relevant internationalconventions,my country, on the basis of the 1971

Montreal Convention, has taken eoncrete, praetical measures and has requested

arbitratioe on the dispute. The Foreign Miniseers of the United States of

MeriCa and the United Kingdom have been infarmed of that in official

comunications.

In brie£, those are the measuses my country has taken since the beginning

of the dispute and just before the adoption of resolution 731 (1992). As we

said at the previous meeting, that was not for any political reasons. This

legal issue was dealt wlth in accordance with eurreat Libyan legislation,

international law and accepted international norms.
1 (Mr. Elhoudesi, Libyan

Arab Jarnahiriva)

what was the response of the other parties to this just and legal

position? Indeed, rhat was the Security Couscil'sresponse? The United

Kingdom and the United States of Amesica respanded to thks just and legal act

with more than rejection; both parties made a request for the extradition of

the tw~ Libyan citirens to stand trial on their territory,before the

investigation vas complete, and indeed betore the two aecused uete faced with

the accusations made against them. That is a clear violation of the most

basic priociples of judicialprocedures. There ean be no accusation without

investigationand suffieientevidence, and the accused is innocent until

proved guilty. There can be no sanction vithout trial.

Article 36 of the Charter states:

"3. In making recommeadationsunder this Article the Security

Council should also takc into eonsiderationthat legal disputes should as

a general rule be referred by the parties to the InternationalCourt of

Justice in accordance with the provisions of the Stotute of the Court."

We had heped that in reviewing this leqal question the Security Council would

act in that way. However, the Council took another direction and adopted

resolution 731 (1992). Not only is that resolutlon based on incomplete

investigations,but thete is no .justificationfor it. It makes no mention of

the Libyan point of vieu, which 'we had expressed. Moreover, it ignores the

provisionsof Article 33 of the Charter concerning the settlement of disputes

between Member States by peaceful means.

On top of al1 that, the procedure followed by the LounciZ in adopting

resolution 731 (1992) dia not take knto aceount the correct implementation of

paragraph 3 of Article 27 of the Charter, which says that in the case of (Mr. Elhouderi, Libyan

-1

deeisions adopted under Chapter YI a party to a dispute shall abstain from

voting. That is applicable to Fracce, Britain and the United States of

America.

Those facts concerningthe basiç of resolution 731 (1992) and the

procedures folloued in its adoption are not put forward merely as the Libyan

point of view. Rather, they represent the opinions of professors, other

thinkers and legal experts. They are an expression of the opinion of

international organizations,one of which has consultative status at the

United Nations. Hete I would mention the International Proqress Organization,

which expressed its opinion in document S/23641,

It has beea said that the Security Council deciaed to reconsider thiç

question because the Libyan authorities did not cooperate in implementing

resolution 731 (19923. Uhatever pretexts are invoked to justify this

position, we wish to reaffirm that the Soeialist People's Libyan Arab

Jamahirkya has always abided by United Nations resolutions. We have always

vanted to irnplernentthose resolutioas, including Çecurity Council resolutions,

Although tibya realizes the circumstan¢es of the adoption of resolution

731 (1992) and the confusion surrounding it, the very day following its

adoption the Jamahiriya expsessed its readiness to cooperate uith the

Secretary-GeneraL of the United Nations to ensure the çuccess of his mission,

with respect for the United Nations Charter and international law:

On the basis of those facts the relevant Libyan authorities assured the

Secretary-General's Speeial Envoy, who visited the Jamahiriya on 25 January

this year, that that was its position. He waç also informed of the measufes (Mr, Elhouderi, Libvan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

taken by the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya,ineluding the request to the Governments

of the United States of America and the United Kingdom to provide the tibyan

judiciarywith the information at their disposal. Purthermore, the Jamahiriyn

suggestedthat the Secretasy-Generalshould invite judges from the United

States of America, the United Kinqdom and France to visit Libya, as weLl as

representatives'of the League of Arab States, the ~rganization of African

Unity and the Organization of the Islamic Conference, in order to observe the

trial - should Libyan judges deeide on çueh a trial - of the tuo Libyan

citizens.

In order to demonstrate further cooperatioa and good will, Libya infosmed

the Secretaty-Generalof other rneasures it had takcn. First, Libya had

decided to accept the French demands, becauçe they ver@ in line with

international law ad did not jeopardize Libyan sovereignty. Xn this context,

the Libyan authoritlesrequested the Secretary-General either to take the

initiative of çettingup a meehanism for the implementationof that aspect of

the tesolution or ask France and Libya to negotiate sueh a meehanism among

themselves. .(Mc. Elhouderi, Libvan

Arab Jarnahiri-)

Seeondly, as concerns Security Council resolution 731 (1992) as a whole,

Libya has reaffirmed its readinessto cooperatefully with the Council and the

Secretary-General in a way that woulâ not inftinge upon its State sovereignty

nor violate the United Nations Charter and the priaciples of international

law. In ais connection Libya çuggested that a meçhanism be created for the

implementationof resolution 731 (1992) and invited the Secretasy-Generalto

create sueh a meehaniçm or to cal1 upon the parties concerned to entes into

discussions aimed at reaching an agreement on the setting up of the rnechanisrn

in accordancewith the spirit of the resalution.

Notwithstandingal1 the difficulties and legal obstacles cseated both by

Libyan-national legislationand internationalconventions,the principle of

national sovereigntyand the Charter of the United Nations - and we believe

that resolution 731 (1992) ruas counker to the Charter - the Libyan àrab

Jmahiriya renewed its expressionof readinessto cooperatewith the

Secretary-Generalin facilitating the task entrusted to him in operative

paragraph 4 of that resolution.

In that connection Libya made the following statemeats: First, the

Jamahiriya has no objection to the principle of surrendering thetuo suspects

to the headquartersof the ~nited Nations Mission in Tripoli to facilitate

investigations, and it has no objection to the Seeretary-General'sundertaking

to set up a legal cornitteemade up a£ objective,neutral judges to carry out

fact-finding activities and to verify the sêriousnessof the accusations made

against our two citizens, including a comprehensiveinvestigation. If the

Secretary-Generalwere then ta confirm the seriousnessof the aecusations, the

Jamahiriya would not object to surrenderingthe two accused persons under his .

personal supervision to a third party, as long as the Stcretary-Generalwould RM/ 6 S/PV.3063
12

(Mr. Elhouderi.Libvan
Arab Jarnahisiva)

furnish full legal and judicial quarantees of the need tc hoLd a fair and

objective trial based on the Declaration of Human Rights and the prknciples of *

international law.

Secondly, we agree with the French request and with the Frenchproposal

to send a judge to Libya to investigatethe matter as he may see fit, and ve

agree to provide the French judge with copies of the minutes of the

investigationundertaken by the Libyan judge.

Thirdly, in addition to the foregoing the Jmahkriya reaffirms its strong

condemnation of terrorism in al1 its forms, regardless of the source. It has

'denied its purported implication in any act of terrorism and has expressed its

readinsss to have the United Nations Secretary-General or his deputy engage in

fact-fiadingactivities within the Jarnahirira in erder to disprove - or

confirm - çuch allegatioas. Libya will abide by its cornmitment to furnish al1

facilitieç and information requiredby the Seeretary-Generalor his deputy to

discover the truth, and it has elearly stated its opinion that there is a need

to draft a convention, bilateral or multilateral, settiag forth ways and means

of eradicatinginternationalterrorism.

In addition, Libya has expreççed its readiness to cooperate in putting an

end to al1 acts of tetrorism against innocent civilkaas and has stated that it

vil1 not allov its territoryor ektizens or institutions to be uçed in any

manner whatsoever for the perpetsation of acts of terrorism, either directly

or indirectly,and that it is prepared to apply the severest sanctionsagainst

al1 persons irnplicsted in such acts.

After al1 1 have said, can anyone really maintain that Libya has not

cooperated? My country has cooperated. It has expressed its readiness to

cooperate to the utmost within full respect for its interna1 laws and (Mr, Elhouderi, tibvan
Ara4 Jarmahiriva)

international law and agreed internationalnorms. The Jamahiriya has always

wanted to solve the matter in a way that does not contravene its domestic

legislatioa. The People's Congresses wield the power in the country, and they

are the bodies that must take the appropriate decisions.

Libyak desire to deal viîh the matter in keepingwith established

conventions and norrns explains its decision,which is in accordancewith

article 14 of the 1971 Montreal Ccnvention, to subrnit the dispute to the

InternationalCourt of Justice, Our goal is not, as sbms have claimed, to

prevaricate or to gain time. The decision is in implemeatation of the text of

the aforementioned article, which allows the Jamahisiyato seek a legal way in

which it cm caoperate fully.

All f have said clearly shows that the impasse in finding a solution to

the problem has not been created by aay laek of cooperation on the part of the

Libyan authorities. The impasse has been created by the other parties, which

have rejectedal1 initiatives designed to bring about a fair and neutral

investigation. Those parties want to abort any international or regional

efforts in thet frmework. Row else can Me iaterpret the automatic rejection

of al1 the initiativesLibya has taken to find a solutionand of al1 the

proposals made by many internationalorganizations,ineluding legal and

regional organizations? Here, ue would mention the sesolution adopted by the

Foreign Ministers of the League of krab States fallowing thoir ertraordinary

session on 22 March of this pear, ia whieh they urged the SeeurityCouneil to

avoid the adoption of any decision to take economic, military or diplomatie

measures against Libya, to awakt a decisionby the International Court of

Justice and to allow the cornmittee establishedby the Council - coaslstingof

six ministers and the Secretarg-Generalof the League - to undertake the 14-15

(Mr. Elhoudesi, Libvan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

l necessary urgent contacts with the parties concerned, the President of the

Securitp Council, the States members of the Security Council and the

Secretary-Generalof the United Nations to find a solution ta the crisis.

In the light of al1 that, why do we have this continuingrejection of al1
0
1 internationalappeals calling for flexibilityand restraint? Wh- has there

been a rejection of any cooperation with the Libyan judiciary? Why has there

been a refusal to furnish the evidence on which the two açcused persons have

been indicted? Why is there a refusal to participate in the ongoing

investigation or in çome neutral international investigation? And in adddition

to thcse questions, we would add the following: Why is it claimed that this

incident does not corne under the jursidiction of the InternationalCourt of

Justice, even though the United States itself has in 7 eatlier cases

eoncerning aetacks against American aircraft petitioeedthe International

Court and not the Security Couneil? Does this mean that the United States of

America prefers to use the most useful instrument rather than the one most

directly concerned? Aad why such haste? Why do the other parties refuse to

await the opinion of the International Court a£ Justice on the question? Why

are ehey exerting pressure on the
Security Council to consider the question at

the same tirne as the Court is Considering it? (Mr. Elhouderi, Libyan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

The surprising fact is that the United States of America has declared in

advance its rejectionof any ruling of the International Court of Justice that

would not in its favour. Here, arewould recafl its position in its dispute

wieh Nicaragua, in whieh the United States rejected the Court's opinion af

26 November 1984, in violation of Article 94 of the Charter.

We fear that thia rejection of al1 initiativesand the attempts to smear
..

rny country's reptation and to lead international public opinion astray are

but paving the way to another set of aggression against peaceful Libyan

cities, such as that which toak place in 1986, in which hundteds of innocent

civilisas perfshed. This very morning, the Western media are claiming that

Libya has prevented foreign eationals from leaving the country. This $as been

strongly denied by my country. It is a truly baseless alleqation.

I do not wish to list here ail the many statements made by officiais in

the British and American Governmentson this subject. 1 vould just mention

oae staternent made by the United States President en 19 November 1991. He

sald that the United States was seeking possible responses beyand bsinging the

accused to trial.

The primary objective of the United Nations and the Security Council as

laid dom in Article I of theEharter is to act by peaceful means in

çonforrnity with the principles of justice and international law in order to

settle international disputes which might lead to o breach of the peace.

Proceeding frem that priaciple and as o cornitment to it, Libya has exptessed

its full willingness to find a peaceful and just solution to the dispute. We

have reaffirmed our readiness to couperate rith the Secretary-General of the

United Nations tdwards the success of the mission entrusted to him in Security (Mr. Elhouderi, Libvan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

Council sesolution 731 (1992) in a manaet promoting respect for the Charter of

the Unite6 Nations and ificonformity with the provisions of international

law.

We have put fervard many proposais, of whieh the Secretary-Generalhas

been apprisedthrough his Personal Envoy or through letters conununicated to

him. The Jamahiriya, proceeding from principled and firm positions, has

affirmed on many occasions its condemnationaf international terrorism and its

sejection of any form of violence threatening the lives of innocent people or

endangering their security and safety. Futthetmore, Libya has declared its

support for the internationalcommunityin any measures it takes to fight

international terrorism. We have aff irmed that we seek to participate

effectively in any effort aimed at achieving this objective.

All of this leads me to state that it is incorrect to çlaim that the

Libyan authoritieshave not fully and effectively respondedto the demands

eontained in resolutios731 (1992). As far as the extradition of Libyaa

nationals is concerned, our national laws would reject any such action. Libya

is not alone in this. It is a normative rule of internationallaw. However,

my country has noue the les$ attempted to find a solution that would maintain

its sovereignty and not breach its laws.

As far as the ather demands are concerned, my country has fully responded

to those demands in a rnanner respectkng the norms of internationallaw. We

have shom our readiness to eaoperate further, as clearly pointed out by the

Secretary-General in his second report to the SecurityCouncil in document

Sl23672. He states in paragraph 6 of that report tbat:

"îhere has been a certain evolution in the position of the Libyan

authorities". (Mr . Elhouderi, Libvan

Arab Jarnahiriva)

This conclusion cleasly shows that there haç been an evolution that could lead

to a satisfactbry solution to the dispute. On that basis, we had expected the

Security Council to rake this evolution into account. We had hoped to

encourage the Seeretarp-Generalin his efforts to implement resolution

731 (1992).

Instead, we have Pound measures leading in the opposite direction- mat

I we find today in the draft resolution before the Council is an example of the
1
abuse af the Security Çouncil by some permanent meIlibers through the imposition

of resolutions that not only run eounter to international legitimacy but alço

are in flagrant violationof that legitimacy. This could lead to a situation

in wieh the very principles and objectives of the United Nations are

threatened. These are dangers the consequeneesof which cannot be predicted.

Law and objectivity are being set aside in favour of selfish personal

criteria. Sueh acts will also undermine the bases of international law and

open the.door to chaos, with a particular threat to the future of srnaller

States.

la accordancewith Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter. and

partieularly paragraphs 2 and 3,of Article 36, the Security Council should

take into considerationany procedures for the settlernent of the dispute which

have already been adopted by the parties. The Security Couneil should alsa

take into conçiderstionthat legai disputes should as a general rule be

referred by the parties to the International Court of Justice.

What is tnkinq place nou clearly shows that the Security Council did not

tak- these factors into consideration. It shows that the Security Council has

bent to the requestr of three States and movea directly to the irnplementation (Mr, Elhouderi, Cibvan
Arab Jarnahiriva)

of Chapter VI1 of the Charter, which relates to action with respect to threats

to the peace, breaches of the peace, and acts of aggression. That is not 'the

case in the situation now befose the Security Council. The matter is a legal

dispute concerning who should investigate the aceused and who should put them

on trial. That is the cru of the matter.

Therefore,brandishing Chapter VII and the draft resolutionis the

greacest act of fraud perpetrated against the Charter of the United Nations.

It is an insult to the intelligence of the international covty. ft is a

flagrant act of forgery. Chapter VI1 deals with threats to international

peace and acts of aggression. Libya, which iç beiag threatened, should invoke

Chapter VfI, and not the United States, Britoin or France, which have invoked

it merely because two people, who have yet to be proven guilty, have been

indicted. The sponsors of the draft resolution and the measures based on

Chapter VI1 includedin it have jumped directly to Article 41, because Article

34 calls on the Security Council to detemine the existence of any threat to

the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression, and to make

recomendations or decide what measureç shall be taken in accordancewith

Articles 41 and 42, to maintain or restore international prace an6 seeurity. IMr. Elhoudesi. Libyan
Arab Jamahiriva)

Article 40 calls upon the Security louncil, before making the

recommendationsor deciding upon the measures provided for in Article 39, to

cal1 upoa the parties ta a dispute to eornply wkth such provisionalmeasures as

it deems necessary or desirable; the Security Council must take aceount of

whether the parties to the dispute do or do not take such provisional

rneasures. Bowever, none of the above has takea place, and the sponsors of the

draft resolution jumped directly to the following Article, thus totally

ignoring Articles 39 and 40.

The draft resolution beiore the Council purposely $as a reference to

sanctions. Operative paragraph I is a elear expressionof a threat of further

sanctions to take effect if Cibya does not immediately respond to the

provisons of tesolution731 (1992). Operative paragraph 2'contains

we do not know what criterion leads
unçpeciifed demands: this Security

Council claim that Libya must commit itself definitivelyto cease al1 acts of

aggression in which they allege my country to be implicated. We do not know

when the Security Council will decide that the Jamahiriya has abiâea by the

provisions of operative paragraphs 1 and 2 of the draft resolution so that the

sanctions irnposed under it may be lifted according to its terrns.

However, we also know that the other parties in the dispute enjoy

permanent membership in the Security Council; they have the right of veto over

al1 draft resolutions. We therefore would wonder why such haste in operative
-------
paragraph 3? Why the withdrawal of al1 activities and offices of foreign
-
airlines in Libya in a period of merely days? Is not the objective to carry

out another act of vengeance against Libya?

The Çeeurity Council has pasticipated in solving many international

disputes. It has put an end to tension in many regions of the world in a (Mr . Slhoudtri, Libyan
Arab Jarnahisiva)

manner satisfactory to al1 parties concerned, and one ensuring the correct

irnplementation of the Charter of the United Nations. Xn this period of the

Security Council's history, there are two clear chaices: either respect for

the Charter in the irnplementation of international law, a respect for moral

principles, or the ether choice, which is to legitirnize unjust measures which

France, the United States and Britain see as the beginning of further,

subsequentrneasures such as the impositionof an econornic sieqe and mllitary

aggression against a small countrywhich is working to build itself and to

deve lop.

For our part, we still hope that the Security Councilwill aet in

accordance with the will of al1 States Menibers of the United Nations in a

manne; ensuring respect for the principles a£ the Charter and the principles

of international, law, a manner which would strengthen international peace and

security and promotethe principleof justice and fairness, a prineiplethe

applicationof which my countryhas repaatedly called for. We also hope that

the Security Council vil1 not take any measureç which will adversely affect

the credibility of the United Nations as an international instrument for the

promotion of peaee aad cooperation. Such aets would make of the United

Nations an instrument exploited by certain States to achieve their owm

objectives and airns; this would threaten the very foundations of the

Organization, and vould make it meet the same fate as that of the League of

Nations, He hope that that will not happen again.

Th9 (interpretationfrorn Spanish): 1 thank the

rePresentative of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Ambassador Elhouderi,for his

kind words addressed to me. (The Presidenk)

The next speaker on my list is the representativeof Jordan, who wishes

to make a staternent in hiç capaeity os Chairmanof the Group of àrab States
I

for the month of Mareh.

I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his

statment.

Mr. NAOURI (Jordan) (interpretation frcm Arabic): On behalf of the

Arab Group at the United Nations, which my country has the honour to be

chaising during the month of March, X should like to eonvey to gou, Sir, our

sincerest congratulatioas on your assumptionof the presideacy of the Security

Louncll for this month. Our confidencein your ability to guide the

deliberationsof the Council and lead them to success is refnforceà by the

high efficieaey and diplornatic acumen which you have evinced since you first

assumed this responsibility.

1 should also like to express our appreciation to your predecessos,

Ambassador Thomas Pickering, the Permanent Xepresentative of the United States

of America, for the worthy manner in which he canducited the work of the

Council during the month of Febtuary.

The ktab countries, at the level of the Council of the Arab League and

through their representativest 'o the United Nations,have followedwith keen

interest and concern the reeent developmentsin the situation resulting frorn

the accusations levelled at the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya concerning the

destruction of the Pan Am flight and the french UTA flight. At a time uhen

the necessary, urgent contacts between theparties concerned are still

coatinuinqin atder to reach a solution to the tibyan-American-British-Preneh

ctisis in accordance with the provisions of the'çhatter of the United Nations

and the principles of international lan, today ue find the Security Couacil (Mr. Naouri, Jordan)

facinq a fait accorn~li; this is reflected in the draft resolution befoxe the

Council, which, if adopted, would adversely affect the importantefforts made

by the League of Arab States represented by the seven-memberministerial

cornmittee and the Seeretaty-Generalof the Arab League. It might also

undermine the hopes our Arab peoples and public opinion are pinning on

reaching a peaceful settlement satisfaetosyto al1 parties and in consonance

with the letter and spirit of Çecurity Couneil resolution 731 (1992).

It is regretable that the outcorne the Security Çouncil will aehieve in

adopting this draft resolutionvil1 be the fruit of rushing into putting the

draft resolution to the vote without paying due attention to its consequences:

this is the result of f &ling to give enough time for al1 concerned parties

and the Secretary-Generalof the United Nations to make further efforts within

the framework of the principles and objectivesof the Charter, especially its

Article 33, which callç for the peaeeful settlementof al1 conflicts and

disputes. (Mr, Naouri, Jordan)

The Arab countries have been very desirous of reaching a peaceful

solution to this problen, a solution that would avoid for our Arab region the

complicationsthat would result from adopting a resolution affecting a

fraternal country, the Libgan Arab Jamahiriya. The draft resolution could

have direct and indirect repercussioasfor other Arab and non-Arabcountries

which have nothiag to do with the subject-matterbeing discussedby the

Security Council under ehis draft resolution and which are not to blame for

the eonsequencesthis draft resolution sould have - especially if we Lake into

aecount the close relationshipbetveen the interests of Arab and non-Arab

countries,on the one hand, and those of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriga, on the

other, reflected in the strong relations'betueenthose countries and the
..
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in other fields.

To emphaçizethe full attention and active efforts devoted to this crisis

by the Arab countries from the outset, it rnight be usefuP ta set out the steps

taken and proposais made by the Arab countries in this connection:

First, the Council of the League of Arab States, in its resolution 5156

of 5 December 1991, called for the establishment of a joint cornmittee of the

United Nations and the League ,ofkrab States. This cal1 was reiterated in the

Launcil's resolution 5128 of lé January 1992. In addition* the

s;cretary-~eneral of the Leagueof Arab States vas cntrusted with the task of

coatacting the United Nations to ensure the exercise $y the Secretary-Genesal

of the Organization of his good offices with al1 the parties cancerned,with a

view to reaching a peaceful settlement to this crisis,

SecondLy, there was emphasison the need to cal1 upon the Security

Couneil to resolve the conflictthroughnegotiations, mediation and a judicial (Mr. Naouri, Jordan)

settlement, in accordance with the stipulations of.Chapter VI, Article 33, of

the Charter of the United Nations.

Thirdly, resolution 5161 of 22 Mareh 1992, reflects the sincere desire of

the League of Ar& States by urging the Security Council to avoid adopting any

resolution calling for rnilitary, economic or diplornatic actions that rnight

lead to a worsening of the negative factors.affecting the region, pending a

decision by the InternationalCourt of Justice on the case submktted to it on

3 Mareh 1992, and in order to give a chance for any efforts made bp the

Cornmittee established by the Council of the League of Ar& States to bear

fruit.

Those are the bases of the Ar& efforts to achieve a peaceful settlernent

to the crisis, a settlement satisfactoryto all parties and in accordance with

the letter and spirit of SecurityCouncil resolution 731 (1992). They are in

fact in consonancewith the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations

and internationallaw. Furtherrnore, they are realistic and logical,

particularly if they are met by good intentions and not by recourse to another

kind of approach, based on escalationand confrontation. Such an approach iç

replete with dangers to our Arab region, at a time when intensive efforts are

being made to put an en& to the sufiering and tension that have prevailed in

the region for dozens of years.

The folloving facts must be emphasizedhere:

First, the Arab efforts being made within the Couacil of the League of

Ar& States,havenot yet been exhausted: they have not yet run their course.
1

I These active efforts are still being made, and are set forth in the letter

1 sent by Mr. Ahmet Abdel Meguid, the Seçretary-General of the League of Arab '

States, to Mr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United

Nations, OP 29 March 1992. (Mr. Naouri, Jordan)

Secondly, in a press release issued by the office of the

1
Secretary-Generol of the League of Ar& States on 30 March.1992, the

secretariat of the Seague ehphasizesthat the Libyan position indicated in the

Libyan message coneerning a solution to the present crisis between Lkbya and

çome Western countries canfirms the sincere desire to evince gaoa intentions

in order to contain the erisis and reaeh a definitive solution to it, in

accordance with public international lau and the provisionsof Chapter VI of

the Charter of the United Nations.

Thirdly, the Arab çountries have reiterated theirdesire for the

Secsetary-Generalof the United Nations, in accordance with the powers

'conferred on him under the Charter of the United Nations, to make his good

offices and valuable efforts available vith a view to settling this erisis by

peaceful means.

Fourthly, the Ar& resolutionshave consistently stressed condemnation of

al1 forms of terrorism and terrorist acts directed against innocent

civilians. We believe that the phenornenon of terrorism is a paiaful general

phenornenon ana is not limited to one region or State. Internatioaal efforts

are required in order to establish internationalrnachinery on general legal,

and not on selective, bases. The Arab countries have suffered from this

phenornenon of terrorisrn in all its forms, and there can be no doubt that they

are fully ready to participate effectiveiy to the success of suçh efforts.

~ifthly, the political atmosphere in the rarld today, resulting from

eharacteristics of the new international order which hos bequn to take shape,

has made it possible to reach suitable peaceful solutions to many regional and

international problerns. We believe that on the same basis, and in the same

spirit, the peaceful efforts to solve this problem can be crovned with success

if the necessary time is given for that putpose. (Mr. Haouri, Jordan)

There are chancesfor peace 'and for a peacefulseetlement of the crisis

îxlng considered by the Security Council today. They'could make a positive '

contribution. What is required is self-restraint, not rushing into steps and

resolutions that eould impede or abort such chances. In the world of today,

it is our duty, indeed our responsibility, to nvaiLourselves of every chance

for peace. The Security Couneil today shoulders the historie responsibility

of showing its determination to continue the rnarch towards peace and to sppse

Our segion tension and instability. We are confident that the Council will

not hesitate to give peace and a peaceful settiernent more time and another

chance, so that they ean yield their fruits.

The PRESTDENT (interpretation £rom Spanish): 1 thank the

representative of Jordan fer the kind words he addressedto me.

The next speaker is the representativeof Mauritania. 1 invite him ta

take a place at the CounciL table and to make his statement.

Mr. OULD MORMD MAHMOUD (Mauritania) (interpretation from Àrabic):

On behalf of the delegations of the £ive States members of the Arab Maghreb

union, 1 have the hoaour of particlpating in the discussionon the item before

the SecurityCouncil today.

should like fisst to express out delegations'warm congratulations t0

Pou, Sir, on your asçumption of the presideaey of the Security Council for the

month of March. We are conviacedthat thanks to your vast diplornatic

exPetiencethe Couneil'swork this rnonth will be suceessful.

To your predecessor,AmbassadorThomas Pickering of the United State~,

Our deleqationsexpress their heartfeltcongratulations on the skilful -day he

directeclthe Council's proceedkngs last month. (Mr. Ould Mohamed Mahmoud.
Mauritanig)

(spoke in French)

In our statement of 21 January 1992 oa the item before the Council once

again today, 1 noted that the States rnembers of the Ar& Maghreb Union -

Algeriac Libya, Mauritania, Morocco and Tuaisia - forcefully condemn terrorism

in al1 its forms and manifestations, irrespective of the source or the

perpetrators of the terrorism. In that statement 1 çtressed that the

fundamental changes on the internationalscsae marking the end of the cold war

should put an end to the reign of tension and confrontationand replace it

with a new era of dialogue and caoperation fostering the peaceful settlernent

' of the conflicts ana disputes that unfortunatelypersist, That is why, vhen

the Council was discussing the text that vas to be adopted as resolution

731 (1992), I expressed the prafound eoncern of our Goverments, uhich felt

that the uaderlying spiritof the resolution wos not in harmony with the

dynamics of détente and negotiations or with the hopes aroused by the prospect

of a world that would be more stable, mare just and more secure for all.

Today I wish again to share with the Council the coeeern of our States

about the consideration of a droft resolution providing for sanctions against

a member of the Arab Maghreb Union - the more so aince the draft resolution,

if adopted, would eonaemn the Libyan people for an act responsibility for

which has nOt yet been established.

Members of the Couilcil will know that, concerned about the future which

the countries of the Union are deterrnineâ to build together, 4th the help of

al1 ftiendly States, the Permanent Representativesof the members of the Arab

Maghreb Union have repeatedly explained that the harmful consequences of such

a resolution eauld hamper the Union's progress. . ., .. . (Mr. QuPd Mohamed Mahmoud, '.
, >.. Mauritania)

Our States therefore consider that it çould be possible to avoid the

sanctions and other masures set out in the text, especiallp since the dispute

in question çeems to be basically juridical in nature and since the

InternationalCourt of Justice, to which it has been submitted, has been

considering kt çince last Thursday. We know too that to settle this dispute

Libya has agreed to eoeperatewitb the Seeurity Council and with the

Secretary-General.

The Çecretary-General'sreport to the Couneil pursuant to paragraph 4 of

resolution 731 (1992) emphasizes the evolution of Libya's position on this

issue. The countries of the Maghreb believe that the Lïbyan side is doinq its

best to cooperate in the search for a peaceful settlementof the dispute.

Only a few days aga, a judge in the tribunal of the Arab Maghreb Union was

mandated to continue the inquiry on the two Libyan nationalswho have been

charged by United Statesand British law-enforcementofficiais.

The Libyan Goverment has stated its willingness to complywith

resolution 731 (1992) and with international law. It bas also expressed its

readiness to eomply fully with any judgement of the International Court of

Justice.

That is why the Maghreb delegations,along with the dekegations of the

States mernbers of the League of Ar& States and other countries which reject

any possible violation of international law and which are concerned about

internationallegality and respect for United Nations resolutïons, have in

recent days spoken with the President of the Council and are toaay addressing

the members of the Council coacerning the political and economkccensequences

of possible sanctions aqainst Cibya. That is also why the Council ofMinisters of the States members of the League of Arab States, determined to

contribute to the settlement of this dispute, has stated its view that the

adoptionof sanctionswould be untimely. The seven-mentber ministerial

cornitteemandate6 by the Council of Ministers tc follov this matter is making

sustained efforts to fknd a peaceful and equitable solution to the dispute.

In that context, we want to stress the efforts the Heads of Çtate of the

members of the Arab Maghreb Union have made in contacts with Libya and other

concerned States individuallyand colleetively. The provisions and the spirit

of the Charter of the United Mations and receatexperlence, which calls for

moderation and preventivediplomacy - the cru of the message of the recent

Security Counçil summit - urge us to shua radical solutions matked by the

stamp of humiliation.

In a vorld focusing on the interdependence of economic and security

interests, the members of the Security Council, uhose fundamental purpose is

to ensure the maintenance of peace and security,must cultivate a spirit of

harmony and cooperation in the service of the international community.

In any event, our delegations, whieh believe there remain possibilities

for a peaceful settlement, hape that moderation will prevail in the

consideration of this question. We believe that the adoption of =y sanctions

wauld be inappropriate, and that al1 efforts must be ccatinued to promote the

use of peaceful meaas for the solution of all disputes and conflicts. We are

cenvineed that the Seeurity Council can enhance its credibility and the

prestige of the Organization in the service of world peace by taking into

account the eoncerns of Member States and appeals for wisdom and prudence. SIFV.3063
34-35

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from Spanish): 1 thank the

representative of Mauritaaiafor the kind uords he addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Iraq. I invite kim to take a

place at the Counciltable and to make his statement.

Mr. AL-HIMA (Iraq) (Interpretation from Arabic): This, Sir, ks the

last day of your presidencyof the Security Çouncil, and my deleqation vants

to express its profound appteciation and admiration for the wisdorn and ski11

with which you have presidedover the Council's work this month. Those

activities were many, aud most significant.

ft is universaliy believed that Security Council resolutioas based on the

provisions and principlesof the Charter must be characterizedby fairness and

justice. 1 wish therefore to pose a number of questions prompted by the draft

resolution before the Council (S/23762). My questions go ta the heart of the

principles of fairness and justice that al1 Mernbers expect the Security

Council to uphold.

My first question is a substantiveone. Has the Security Council

exhausted al1 the means available to it wqder Chapter VI of the Charter to

secure cornpliance by the tibyan Arab Jamahiriya with resolution 731 (1992)?

Ras Libya rejected resolution 331 (1992), enabling the CounciL to move on to

enforcement measures under ~hapter VLI? (Mr,Al-Nima, Iraq)

Why did the Council act in this case with such haste and so hasshly to

guarantee the implementation of a resolution adopted less than three months

ago, when it did not aet in the same way regardinq other rell-knovn

resolutioas relating to other States? They include Israel, which has rejected

and failedta implement any resolutioaof the Couocilfor decades. The

Council failed to take sny action againstits heinous acts of terrorism

against the Palestinian people and against the sovereignty of Lebanon,

in the not-so-djstantpast the Council faileà to act under Chapter VI1

regarding resolutian 598 (1987)with the same alacrityand at the same level,

although one of the parties to the dispute haa failedta express a position on

the resolutionor to accept its implementation, until a whole year had

passed . .,

Are these enforcementmeasures commensurate with the airns and objects of

the resolution,or are they designed to become sanctions for an unspecified

period? Has the Council taken inta accouat the adverse economic implications

of the resolution for the ecoaomies of the neighbouringStates? The draft

resolutiondoes not imply a solution to the problerns of those countries. The

experienceof the Gulf crisïs vas that certain States suffered as a result of

the embargo against Iraq, and continued to suffet, and the measures taken by

the Cbuncilunder Article 50 did not result in any noteworthy improvementof

the situation of those eountriesor an end to the harm iaflictedon them.

Did the Council take into accouat the humanitarian needs of the Libyan

civiliansuhen it considered and opted for these enforcement measures? IR

this regard, we vata against rushing ta adopt a resolutionunder Chapter VIL

against another Ar& State with the aim of terrorisingits people. (Mr. hl-Nima, Iraq)

still sustainingit steadfastly and patiently, cal1 on the Council to assess

fairly and justly the çeriousness of the implications of these enforcement

measures for the fraternal Cibyan people and nat allow certain hegemoaistic

members to dictate its decisions.

The Security Couneil, the organ responsible for the maintenance of

international peaee and security, can be true to itself and fair to al1

parties in its resolutions and can truly be the repository of the hopès of

all, Tt should not once more fall under the hegernony of one or two States

that want to impose their domestic lavs on the international comunity.

The PREÇKDENT (interpretation £rom Spanish): I thank the

. representativeof Iraq for his kind wordç addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Uganda. I invite him to Lake a

place at the Couneil table and to make his statement,

Mi. KARUKüBIRO WANWfRE (Uganda): Let me Start by congratuloting

you, Sir, ugon pur accession to the presidency of the Seevrity Couneil Zor

this month. Uganda has full confidence in your ability and diplomatie skills

in guiding the work of this body to a successfulconclusion.

We also wish to thank your psedecessor, the Permanent Represeatative of

the United States, Amfjassador Thomas Pickering, for presiding over the work of

the Ccuaeil during the past month,

This being the first time we have spoken in the deliberations of the

Council sinee the beginning of the year, we take this opportunity to

congratulateMr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali on his electioa as Secretary-Generalof

the United Nations. We also pay our tribute to kir.Perez de Cuellar for his

enormous contributionto the work of this Osganization in the last 10 years.

We also wish to take this opportunity to welcome al1 the new members to

the Security Council and wish them successful delibsratioasduring their (Mr. ~arukubiro Kamunanuire,
PlmwLi3)

tenure. Let me also take this opportunityto express our appreciation ta

aose rnernbers whose term expired at the end of last year for their

contribution.

As we join in participatingin this debate, we wish to start by

expressingour sineere and deepest condolencesto the families and relatives

of the victims of the fateful Pan American flight 103 and UTA flight 772.

Uganda uas particularlydeeply grieved by the loss of

Professor Brkan Langlands, a British national who for over 30 years had headed

the gsographydepartment at MakerereUniversity. He vas killed in the safety

and security of his house by debris from the fatsful Pan American flight 103

at Lockerbie. ,-

Uganda condernns al1 acts of tertorism, ineluding hijaeking and

~kyjackin~, &y whornsoever they are perpetrated. Aecordingly, Uganda condemnç

the Lockerbie incidentinvolving the bombing of the Pan Ameriean flight and

that of the French plane and expressescondolences to the bereaved families of

the victims. We condemn the culprits, whosoever they may be, and believe that

they should be brought to justice*

We would prefer the issue'to be resolveid peacefully in aecordanee with

Our belief in the peaceful resolution of international eoaflicts. ~his being

the case, we welcomed as a positive step this issue's being braught before the

International Court of Justice. Therefore, we appeal to al1 the parties to

this confliet to follow this path. We also appeal to the parties to show

understandingand cooperate fuLly with the proceedings of the International

Court,,includingbeing ready to make available all relevant information to

verify the case. (Mr. KarukubiroKamunanvire,
Uaanda)

Equally important, we wish ta weleome the steps taken by both parties to

get the United Nations involved and seized of the matter. Bence it is perhaps

necessary and iedeed imperotive that the Secretary-GeneraL of the United

Nations should continue to play a major pivotal role through his good offices

to get to the bottom of the problem and to ensure its peaceful resolution.

It is thus our sineere hope that any decisions ta emerge from this debate

would give the Secretary-General the necessarymeans to achievethat objective

in an amicable manner. We therefore urge all parties concerned to lend hirn

the necessary support and to take this course a£ action.

The international comunity should ,showunderstandingfor those cauntries

that have significant bilateral economie relations with Libya, in accordance

with Article 50 on the specialeconomic problemsarising fram the carsyinq out

of measures envisaged in the draft resolution now before the Council,for sueh

countries may not be in a position to implement the draft resolution fully.

The PRESIDENT (interpretatian from Spaaish) : 1 thank

AmbasSador Karukubiro Kamunanvire of Uganda for his kind words addressed to me.

I should like to iaform the Couneil that 1 have received a letter dated

31 Mareh 1992 from the Permanent Representativeof Morocco to the United

Nations, which reads as follaws:

"5 have the honour to request that the Security Couacil extend an

invitation to His Excellency Mr. Ahet Engin Ansay, Permament Observer of

the Organizationof the Islamic Conference to the United Notions* to

address the Council unàer rule 39 of its provisionalrules of procedure

in the course of the Council'sconsiderationof the item on Libya

cursently on ktç agenda," (The President)

That letter will be published as a document of the Security Çouncil unaer the

spbol SJ23764. If 1 hear no objection, 1 shall take it that the Couneil

agrees to extend an invitation uader rule 39 to Hiç Exceflency

Mr. &et Engin Ansay.

There being no objection,it is so decided.

I invite Hiç Fxcellency Mr. Ansay ta take a place at the Council table

and to make his statement.

Mi. ANSAY: Thank you, Mr, President, for giving me the opportunity

to address this body for the second time this month.

The Organizationof the Islamic Conference (OIC) has been follewingwith

increasingconcern the accentuation of the crisisresulting from alleqations

implicatingLibya in the explosion of Pan AM and ULA flights over Lockerbie

and Niger, respectively.

Those conceras vere conveyed,through Your Excellency, to the merbers of

the Security Council by myself and by Ambassador Abdourahamane Hama, the

Special Envoy of His ExcellencyDr. Hamid Algabid, Secretary-Generalof the

OIC, wbo visited New York earlier this month. 1 am indeed grateful to you for

receiving the Special Envoy and for your deep understanding of the OIC's point'

of view regarding this matter.

as vas explaineâ by the Special Envoy and by the previaus lettets of the

Secretary-Generalof the OIC, the Organization of the Islamie Conferencehaç

always vigorously denouncedacts of internationalterrosism and remains firmly

committed to worklng for the eliminatlon of this phenornenon in al1 its forrns

and, in particulat, to ensute the safety of international civilaviation. The

Sixth Islamic Summit held last December at Dakar reaffirmed the unflinching (Mr. Ansav)

determination of the States members of our Organization ta cooperate sincerely

to this effeet with the international comunity in respect of international

legality.

In this regard the Sixth Islamic Çummit at Dakar noted with satisfaction

the confirmation by Libya of its denunciationand condemnationof terrorisrn as

well as its full ~reparedners to cooperate with a view to eradicatinq this

scourge. The Summit reaffirmed its full solidarltywith Libya and called for

averting any economic or military actionagainst it.

In order ta help to clarify the situation to the satisfactionof al1

concerned, we have been in touch with the Libyan authoriteis at the highest

level. The Government of Libya has not only given its firm assurancesto

eooperate in the matter but has also taken steps in this direction. In

addition to instituting legol proceduresa£ its own, it has demonstsated itç

readiness to cooperate with the judieial authorities cf the United Kinqdern and

the United States with a view to establishingthe facts in an objective and

impartial manner.

Moreover, the Government of Libya has sesponded positively to al1

initiatives for finding a just and peaceful solution to this issue. Several

couritriesand internationalorganizationshave urged the Governments of the

United States, the UnitedKingdomand Franceto exerciserestraint and to

eschew a confrontational course, whiçh could seriouslyimpinge upon the peace

and security of the region.

In view of the above, we were confident that this crisis could be

resolved peacefully vithout any resort to punitive actions or rneasures against

~ib~a; We are deeply coacerned about the prospects of the Seeurity Çouncil's

considering action against Cibya uader Chaptes VI1 of the Charter. We EMr. Ansav)

understand that the dsaft resolutionpresented by some permanent members is

seeking to impose sanctions and an air embargo against Libya. That, indeed,

besides being unjustif iable givea Libya's readiness to cooperate, would

certainly be construed by many as a high-handed approach.

1 feel it my duty to convey to the rnembers of the Council our concerns

about the impositionof sanctions against Libya. We are convinced that such a

course of action will not help seçolve the issue but will unfortunatelyand

uselessly increase tension among members of the international çommunity.

Our sentiments of deep sympathy and compassion for the familles of the

innocent victims of the tragic explosionof the Pan Am and UTA flights are

still very fresh and very much valid. But equallyvalid are our feelings of

solidarity and compassion with Libya and its people in the.faceof these

disquieting prospects.

Those concerns I am conveyingto the Couneil are of those millions and

millions of Muslims around the world who are, in this holy month of Ramadan,

praying for peace, love and justicefor al1 peoples and nations. We firmly

believe that this issue coula inàeed be resolved peaçeflly on the basis of

respect for international legaiity.

While reiterating the prineipled position against terrorism of the

Organization of the Islamic Conferenee, I would like to express the bope that

the Council will proceed in the matter with due care and not impose any

sanctions or embargo against Libya,especially since the latter is prepared to

coogerate with the Council.

The PRESTDEMT (interpretation£rom Spanish): It is my undesstanding

that the Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the draft sesolution

before it. If I hear any objections, 1 shall take it that that is the case. (The President)

There being no objection, it is so decided.

Before putting the draft resolution to the vote, 1 shall first cal1 upon

those members of the Council who vish to make statements before the voting.

Mr. JESUS {Cape Verde): As 1 stated last January in the Couacil

whea resolution 731 (1992) was adopted* Cape Verde strongly condemns any act

of international terrorismwherever, whenever and by whomever perpetrated.

The tragedies of Pan Arnerican 103 and UTA 772 are blatant, musderous

examplesof the destructivenessand inhumanecharacter of terrorism,which

servesno purpose other than to cause the loss of innocent lives. (Mr. Jesus, Cape Verde)

We joined the outcryof the eomunitp of nations in cuadernning theçe two

terrorist-induced accidents and urged al1 those that have beea engaged in this

kind of macabre activity to discontinue it imediately and to abide by the

basic civilizeà rules of human behaviour. We once again express our deepest

feelings of sorrow for the victims'family 1~1embers.

Last January, uhen the Council discussed this matter, my deleqation voted

in favour of resolution 731 (1992) to signify its firm condemnation of

terrorism. Today, ne are about to adopt a dtaft resolution on sanctions

against ~ibya. The draft resolution poses some difficulties for us.

First, while we strongly believe that the individualswho petpetrated the

horriblecrimes that caused the tragic accidents of Pan Amesican flight 103

and UTA flight 772 should be brought to justice and punished aceordingly, we

believe that the norms of international law have to be abided by. We believe

it to be very important that the judicial body of this Organization- the

InternationalCourt of Justice - have a role to play whenever a legal issue is

at stake, as mentionedin paragraph 3 of Article 36 of the Charter. It vould

be more appropriate if the Council uere to act after the InternationalCourt

of Justice - which is nov seized of this matter - had decided on what is the

applicablelaw, if any, as to,the issue of jurisdiction. Furthermote, and

more importantly. as I explained in the ptocess a£ the adoption of resolution

731 (1992) laot January, the Constitutionof Cape Verde does not allow the

extradition of our OM nationals. Therefore, it becomes difficult for us to

eadorse measures that could rua counter to that constitutionalprinciple of

Our S.

Secondly, .we are of the view that sanctionsare a measure that the

Council shoula adopt only as a last resort, and that before sanctions are

contemplated and decided upon, the Council, in conformity vith the United (Mr. Jeçus, Cape Verde)

Nations Charter, should endeavour to exhaust al1 possibilities for a

negotiated peaceful solutian. In the current case, we believe that had we had

more time a negotiated solution rnight have been worked out for the surrender

of the two individuals.

Fos those reasons, we shall abstain in the voting on this draft
.,
resolution. We reiterate our strong condemnation of al1 acts of international

terroriçm and express our willingness to see the perpetrators of such crimes

put on trial and punished in accordance with the law.

Mr..AYALA LASSO (Ecuador) (interpretation £rom Spaniçh): On '

21 January this year, the Security Çouncil unanimouslyadopted resolutioa

731 (19921, in rrhich it urged the Government of Libya imediately to provide a

full and effective response to the requests made by France, the United Kingdom

and the United States of Amesica with a vieu to detetmining responsibility for

the terrorist acts against Pan American flight 103 and UTA flight 772.

kt its meeting of 31 January last, the Security Council, with the

participation of the Heads of State and Eovernmentof its members, expressed

its deep concern over acts of internationaltcrrorisrn and ernphasized the need

for the international community to deal effectivelywith al1 such acts.

Resolution 731 (1992) included among its operative paragraphs a specific

paragraphby virtue of which the Secretary-Generalis requested to seek the

cooperation of the Libyan Government to provide a full and effective response

to the tequests made by France, the United Kingdom and the United States. In

cornpliance with that provision, the Secretary-Genesalsent a number of

missions to Libya and took steps vhose results vere reported to the Security

Counc i 1. (Mr. Avala Lasso, Ecuador)

The non-alignedcountries have proposed many initiatives since the

beginning of the year with a vieu to facilitating a negotiated solution to

this grave and complexproblem, We have found many difficulties on our path,

but they have not weakened our tesalve to obtain appropriateimplementationof

resolution 731 (1992) so that the Council would aot be compelled to adopt

further measures in this respect. Unfortunately,neither resolution

731 (1992), nor the statemeat of the Heads of State and Goverment adopted on

31 January, nor the diligent steps taken by the Secretary-General in

implementation of paragraph 4 of that resolution,nor the tireless efforts of

the members of the Non-Aligned Movernent have thus fat prom.pted Libya to cornply

with the requests made to it in resolution 731 (1992).

The draft resolution which the Councklis considering constitutes strong

pressure on Libya but, at the same time, a further opportunityfor it to

comply with resolution 731 (1992). If that shoulâ happen before 15 April, it

iç obvieus that there uould be no need to apply the sanctions provided for in

the draft resolution. In this respect,Ecuador makes a special, fsiendly

appeal to Libya to cooperate with the Security Council in clear and

unequivocal terms, That would avoid the application of the measures provided

for in paragraph 3 of the draft resolution.

X wish to inform the Security Councilthat on 27 March the Ministers of

Foreign Affairsof the Rio Group, meeting in Buenos Aires, reitetated their

fism and unanirnous repudiation of terrorism £rom whatever source and described

terrorismas an unacceptablemeans of political expression and as a factor

conspiring against world peace and stability.

Ecuador hopes that al1 countries,in the faceof the challenges posed by

profound changes in the international scene, will contribute to laying the

foundationsof a new order in which violence and coercion vil3 disappear;I (Ms. Avala Lasso, Ecuadot)

human rights and the rights of States are respected; WC Ésn live in an

atmosphese of peace and security; cooperation berween peoples and nations can

flourish: and widespread progress ks ensured through freedorn and demoeracy.

My delegation will vote in accordance with the principles that we have

just expressed.

Mr. mBENGEGWI (Zimbabwe): Zimbabwe condemas in the stroagest

terrns terrorism in al1 its forms. We are fully auare of the pain, the

suffering and the carnage that it wreaks, and it is our belief that no cause

or objective can ever justify it. Members of the international ~ommunity must

stand shoulder to shoulder in ensuring the eradication of tetrorism, vhich is

a threat to international peace and security. Zimbabwe was partieularly

outraged at the tragic and needless loss of innocent lives that resulted irorn

the terrorist bombings of Pan Ameriian flight 103 and PJTAflight 772. (Mr. Mumbenqeqwi, Zimbabwe)

We wish to see those responsible brought to book. In explainingits vote

before this Couacil two rnonths ago, my deleqation stated that resolution

731 (1992) sought to achieve two main objectives: to send a clear message

chat the internationalcommunity is deterrnined to deal firrnly with terrorism,

and to ensure that the perpetrators of the Pan Am and UTA bombings are brought

to justice.

Zimbabwe and other non-alignedmembers of the Council, at the tirne

resolution 731 (1992) was adopted, insisted that the Secretary-Geeeral be

given a clear role in seeking a peaceful, diplornatic solution to the dispute

between Libya and three members of the Couacil. It was Zimbabwe's

understanding then that any furkher Gouncil action on this matter would be

guided by a report from the Secretary-General. That repork Ss before us

today. My Goverment has studied it very carefully and has takon particular

note of its conclusions. While the Secretary-Generalcould not report

unequivocal success in his efforts to seek the cooperation of Libya in

responding to the repuests by three members of this Council, he has concluded

that there has been a certain evolution of the position of the Goverment of

Libya, and has advised that the Security Couneil should take this developrnent

into consideration in its further deliberations on the issue. We cornend the

Secretary-Generaï for his report, for his efforts to resolve this ctisis and

for his advice.

Zimbabwe is on record as havkng consistently maintained that, as required

by the Charter, al1 Security Council resolutionç are bindinq and must be

complied with. The Council is non about ta decide on a draft resolution

imposing certain rneasures 'onLibya under Çhapter VIX of the Charter, From the

time this draft uas first cisculated, we have been carefully consideringthe (MF, Mumbenseuwi. Zimbabwe)

question of whether invoking Chapter VI1 is the best route to take at this

stage. 1 musr state that ma delegationfeels enormous discornfort in invoking

Chapter VI1 at this stage: not oaly would such action be hasty, it would also

be in complete disregard of the wise eounsel of the Secretary-General and it

vould overlook some pertinentprovisionsof the Charter. It is Zimbabwe's

view that, in a case such as the one befora us, reeourse to the sanctions

provisions of Chapter VI1 of the Charter should be considered only as a last

reçort, espeeially in view of their devastating effects not oely on the

targeted country's innocent civilianpopulation but also on the regioa as a

whole and bepond.

Chapter VI of the Charter providesfor other means that should be pursued

exhaustivelybefore resorting tu Chapter VII. He do not believe that these

peaceful diplornatic means have been exhausted. Precipitate action under

Chapter VI1 in these circwnstanceswould cal1 into question the Çeeurity

Council's cornitment to solving disputes first and foremcstthrough

negotiation, mediation, conciliation,arbitration,judicisl settlement, resort

to regional arrangementsor other pesceful means, as provided for in the

Charter of the United Nations.

The dispute which is the subject of the draft resolution befote us is

also the subject of consideration at the International Court of '~ustice at:the

Hague. The Charter provides that disputesof a legal nature should, as a

qeneral rule, be referred by the parties to the InternationalCourt of

Justice. While there is no specific provision In the Charter thar precludes

parallel consideration of the matter by these,twoprincipal organs of our

1 Organization,Zimbabwe believes that the authors of the Charter iateaded the

i (Mr. Mwbenaemi, Zimbabwe)

two bodies to compkement each other's efforts rather than proceed in a mannec

that could produce contradictoryresults.

By taking the Chapter VI1 route uhile this case 5s still pending before

the world Court, the Secutity Çouncil is risking a major institutional

crisis. Çuch an institutionalcrisis,which is clearly avoidable, would not

only undermine the prestige, csedibility ad integrity of the entire

Organizationbut would also Sap international confidence in the Security

Council's capackty to execute. in a judicious and objective manner, its

mandate as provided for in the Charter. We are cbnvinced that it would have

been in the best interests of institutionaltidinessfor the SecurityCouncil

to avait the outcome of the judicialproceedingsat the International Court of

Justice.

Zimbabwe attaches great importanceto the rule of law in relations

between States. As the body entrusted with the primary responsibility for the

maintenance of international peace and security,the Couircil must attach due

importanceta internationallaw, includinginternational conventions. In

explaininq its vote at the time of the adoptionof resolution 731 (1992),

Zimbabwe stressed the relevance of the 1971 Montreal Convention to the matter

before us. Libya and the three Council members involvedare al1 parties to

the Montreal Convention for the Suppressionof Unlawful Aets against the

Safety of Civil Aviation. Two of the Council members and Libya recognizs the

cornpetence of the InternationalCourt of Justice under the termç of article 14

of that Convention to arbi trate in any matter concerniagthe interpretation or

applicationof the Convention, as in the present case. For that reason, it is

our vieu that the Council's deliberations could have benefited from the

Court's pronouncement.EF/14 SJPV,3063
54-55

{Mr . Mumbenqeqwi,Zimbabwe)

Finally,this IS-memberCouncil acts an behalf of a total of 175 States

Members of the United Nations. This means that 160 States have placed their

security, and possibly theit very survival, in the handç of the 15. This is a

solema and heavy responsibilitythat each and every member of the Council

carrkes. ft is therefore of crucial importance that every deciçisn taken by

the Security Council be able to withstand the careful scrutiny of the

160 Menber States on whose behalf the Council is expected Eo aet. This is

only passible if the Councll insists on being guided in its decisioiis and

actions by the Charter and other internationalconventions: Any approach that

assumes that international Law is created by mojority votes in the Security

Couricil is bound to have far-reachiag ramifications whieh could cause

irteparableharm to the credibility and prestige of the Organization,with

dire consequenees for a stable and peaceful world order. Mr. GHAREKHAN (India): At the time of the adoption of resolution

731 (1992), f had the occasion to underscore,in unambiguous terms, India's

strong condemnatian and abhorreme of al1 forms of terrorism, particularly

internationalterrorism,and State-sponsoredor State-supportedterrorism in

al1 kts varieties. This dictated our support for resolution731 (1992).

India has beea a victim of such terrorismand is second to none in uanting it

eliminated. We are fully committedto the struggle of the international

communityagainst this menace.

In my explanation of vote on seselution731 (1992)r 1 expressed the view

that that resolutionthrew up complex and important questions warraating

careful attention. Peveiopments since then, in the course of efforts

undertakenfor its implementation, have vindieoted that assessmeat, If

anything. the issues involved may well becorne, by the adopt;ok of the present

draft resolution, even more cornplex.

My delegationand other non-alignedmembers of the Council actively

encouragea and welcomed the incorporation in resolution 731 (1992) of its

paragraph 4, through which the prestigeand resources of the Secretary-General

were called upon in the cause of peace. My delegation would like to place on

record its deep appreeiation to the Çeesetary-Generalfor his efforts in the

desired aireetion, as well as for his readiness to extend his good offices

further. We should also like to aeknouledgethe endeavourr made by the Leagu@

of Arab States, at a high level,in tryingto promote a peaceful solution-

The non-aligned caucus in the Couneil,of which India has the honoUr of being .

the coordinatos for tbis month, spared no effort to bring about a negotiated

peaceful solution. ._. .

These efforts have not been entirely in vain. ~s'has been brought out,in

the Secretary-General's report of 3 March, (Mr .Gharekhan. India)

"there has been a certainevolution in the position ... [and] the

Security Cauncil may wish to consider this in deciding on its future

course of action". (S/t3672. aara. 6)

My deleqation is of the opinion that the Gouncil's substantive actions çhould

toke into account the considered judgement of the Seeretary-General,

particularly on issues with broader or global implications,as also the

qeneral consensus of the membership of the United Nations. 1 believe that it

is important, indeed essential, for the Security Council to take into account

the prevailing sentimentamong the membership as a whole of our Organization

while taking çuch extremelysignificantdeeisions.

Siace the Secretary-General ' sreport was issued, thete have been

developments, by vay of furthes evolution in the situation, which suggest that

more time and patience in the pursuit of the cusrent multidirectionalefforts

could have yielded better results. In our view, the gravlty of the issues and

of theis implications, foreseen and unfareseen,warrant that no Stone bs left

unturned in our guest for a solution that, on the one hand, upholds and

reinfarcesgoodwill, peace and cooperationin internationalaffairs and, on

the other, firmly serves to deter terrarisrn of al1 kinds.

A connected and important aspect is the definition of the cireumstances

under which the sanctions either would not corne into force at al1 or would be

lifted. The non-alignedmembers of the Council, as kndeed several other

delegations, esploredwith the cosponsorsthe injection of more precision into

the relevant paragraphs. The cosponsors showed readiness to work with us in

this respect. To our regret, hovever, it was not possible to rernovethe

vaguhness £rom the draft resokutioa on this particular point. (Mr. Gharekhan, Tndia)

In the present case, the judicialprocess has not yet run its full

course. Beeauseof the far-reachingpatential of this case, the considerea

opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legal aspects of the

issues involvedcan only serve the cause of internationallaw and peace. A

little delay on that aceount in the Security Council's mcving on to the next

stage of its action would, thetefore, have mesitedpositiveconsideration. Xt

should $e feasible for tbese two principal argans of the United Nations to

functionin tandem in a rnanner so as to reinforce and enhance eaeh ather'ç

effiency and prestige in the cause of internationalpeace and security.

Article 50 of the Charter is intended as the acknouledgementof the

Couneil'sresponsibility to alleviatespecial problems of third countsies

arising £rom their faithfully carrying out enforcementmeasuses under

Chapter YII. My delegation has seiterated this coacern in the past and finds

it necessaryagaia to underscore the importanceof this provision. In the

light of past experieace,
we would have considered it essential that todaySs

draft sesolution include a cleareracknowledgementof this responsibility on

the part of the SecurityCouncil, with a cornitment to take conerete,

practieal and effective measures to adüress usgently al1 such problems brought

to its notice.

Let me reiteratehere that Xndia will continue to stsive, even at this

stage, together with the non-aligned and other delegations, as indeed with the

cosponsors, for the promotionof an early, negotiated solution to the

political issues being addressed in the draft resolution. My delegation is

convinced that the time availkble between nou and 15 April must be fully

utilized for this purpose. My delegation understandsand supports the primary

objective of the coçponsors - namely, to serve an unambkguousnotice on al1 (Mr. Gharekhan, India)

those engagea in acts of terrorism,disectly or through material, political or

moral assistanceto terrorists, of the determinationof the international

eommunity to combat terrorism and eradicate it Erom oui midst. We have some

differences rith the cosponsorçabout the rnethods and means suggested at this

stage but not with their motivation, as I have just mentioned.

For the reasons I have just explained, my deleqation wili abstain in the

voting on the draft resolution containeà in document 5/23762.

Mr. CI Dadru (China) (interpretatkon£rom Chinese): Sinçe the

adoption of resolution 731 (1992) by the Security Council, the United Nations

Secretary-General, the Maghreb countries, the League of Arab States and some

non-alignedeouatries have warked tirelesslyto seek, through aegotiations, a

solution to the incidents of the bombing of Pan American flight 103 and YTA

flight 772. We wish ta express our appreciationand thanks for their

efforts. The International Court of Justice has recently held hearings on

this Issue, which unaoubtedly vil1 help clarify the facts and ascertain the

truth through investigations.

The Chinese Goverment aluays resolutely opposes and stronglycondemns

al1 forms of terrorism. We have on many eccasions strongly condemned the

terrorist aetivities in the incidents to which I have referred and expressed

our dtep sympathy for the victims and their families. China, like other

countries, believes that due punishment should be neted out to terrorists.

Houever, ue also believe that the punishment of tetrorism should be based on

conclusiveevidence and conform to international law and the relevant

international conventions. China is in favour of conductingserious,

thorough,fais and objective investigations of the bombing incidents, in (Mr. Li Daovu, China)

accordance xith the United Nations Charter and the relevantpriaciples of

international law. And we agree that those convietederiminals should be duly

punished. We stand for settling international disputes through peaceiul

consultationsand support the continuation by the Secretary-Generaland other

parties concerned of their good offices on this issue. (Mr,Li Daovu, China)

1 In principle we .donot support the Security. Counc51 irnposing sanctions

açainst Libya, because sanctions vil1 not help settle the question but will
1
rather eomplicate the issue further, aggravate regionaltension and have
1

1 serious economic consequencesfor the countries concernedin the region. Some
l
1 non-aligned members and a number of Arab States have expressed their grave

eoncern over the sanction measures contained in the draft sesolution. They

have also put f~rward some constructive ideas for amendments. China supports

their suggestions.

The Chinese delegation appeals to the parties concerned to continue their
1
I efforts, and calls on the Libyap side to adopt a cooperative attitude, so as

1
to remove their differencesthrough consultationand dialogue. We hope the
1
I Secretary-General will continue to play an active role. We sincerelyhope the

international comunity riIl continue to work for a fair and reasonable

solution to this dispute. so that it vil1 be possible to avoid implernenting

l
the sanction measures against Libya.
l ---
China will abstain in the voting on the draft resolutian before the

! Counci1.

Mr. ÇNOUSSX (Morocco)(interpretation from French): When my country

vated in favour of resolutioi 731 (1992) a little over two rnonthr ago, we

sought to associateourselves unambiguously and forcefully with the

sondemnationof acts of terrorism oommitted against civil aviation, acts that

have eaused the loss of so many lives. In keeping with the Charter of the

United Mations, Morocco wanted to express its solidarityin the fight against

violence, ço that such acts - the remuants of a bygone age - might not be

I repeated. (Ur. Snoussi. Morocco)

In that way and out of a coneern for legality, my country worked within

the non-aligned caucus to highlight the role of the Secretary-Generaland to

ensure that sesolution731 (1992) would be irnplemented with strict cornpliance

with internationallar. That ks why we con~ciouslysought to strengthen the

role of the Secretary-Generalin this endeavour. in the knovledge that

relations between Libya and the three other countrieç concerned were of a

resolution, o resolution
nature not conducive to easy implementation of the

that both served as a warning and aimed at turning the page on an unfortunate

chapter of history.

Despite its many qnd varied activities, the Security Council was not

inactiveon this front. In accordancewith resolution 731 (19921,each of itç

memberç helped in the search for a solution.

On the strength of our long-standingfriendshipwith the three sponsors

of the resolutionand with the Libyan people,my country for its part did its

best to avoid the situation in which we find ourselves today. We haa every

hope that we could dissuade the sponsors £rom purçuing thls procedure, just as

we tried to convinee the other party to cooperate fully in the implernentaticn

of resolution 731 (1992).

The League of Ar& States made enormous efforts to promote a solution

respectful of the spirit and the letter of the Charter. Thtough yesterday it

tried in a constructive and positive spirit to close the gap between th%

Sn that spirit, it foeused its efforts on seeking
Çecurity Council and Libya.

a middle ground between the divergent positions. Today we are no le53 eager

to continue our work at al1 levels, both with the ~eeurityCou~ciland its

President and with the Secretary-General. The League of Arab States intends (Mr. Snoussi, Morocco)

to keep trying to persuade Libya to camply fully vith resolutfon731 (19921,

and to perseverein its efforts to create conditions conducive to the complete

implementationof that resolution.

While we have not yet succeeded in producing the elements that wcruld be

acceptable to all, everyone uaderstaads the point of and the reasoas for our

persistence. Since, like tibya, we belong to the Arab Maghreb Unioni to

Africa and to the Ar& and Islamic world, we beat a fraternal duty, That duty

obliges us ta use every means to avoid the worst: to avoid the deterioration

of the situation and the establishmentof tensions and a lack of understanding

that would last for a long time to corne.

The long-standingand very solid relations tbat link us to the three

countries concerned oblige us to counselgreater moderation and patience.

Our duty to the SeeurityÇouecilobligesus to undertake tireless action

to help the Council continue its quest, first and foremost, to resolve the

world's problems thraugh conciliation,dialogue and diplomatie means.

Morocco was arnong the initiators of the mAny initiativesand contacts ts

achieve an honaurable solution to this problem, and it bas contlnued ta join

in those endeavours; we have decided today to gkve ourselves another chance by

abstaining in the vote on the draft resolution before the Council.

By that position we mean to stress that we cannot and will not serve both

as judge and as a factor for rapprochementamcnq the variauspoints of view

which for the moment are so divergent. My country wants also to show that it

has not given up hope that we can use the coming days to continue to work S/PV. 3063

64

(Mr. Çnoussi, Morocco)

tirelessly, as we have for two months, both through direct contacts and within

the framework of the Arab Maghreb Union and the League of Arab States, to

achieve a solution acceptable to o11.

As we have reiterated so often, Morocco has always condemned

international terrorism. That is why ve did not hesitate to associate

ourselves unreservedlywith resolution 731 (1992). None the less, we are

entitled to repeat our coneern that the Arab world may soon experience another

trauma, the second in less than tvo years. That is why £rom today we shall

resume our tireless efforts to persuade our Libyan brothersto take every step

necessary ta avoid sanctions.

Once more 1 cal1 the attention of the sponsors of the draft resolution to

Chapter VI of the Charter and its Article 33. There remains,'every reason for

hope. On the very eve of today's meeting, certain positive results were

nearly achieved, for we wete eonvinced that the three countries concerned

sought nothing other than a peaceful diplornatic solution, and we truly

underçtood that Libya was ready to provide guaranteesboth of its position

against international terrsorism and of its full cooperation.

Unfortunately, we did not pave enough time: time to put to the test al1

that good will and that sincere desire to work for peace and hasrnony. The

magnitude of the situation deserved that. Morocco therefose still ieels

justified in calling upoa al1 the members of the Council to jein in this

endeavour of good will, which canaot fail ultimately to benefit the entire

international comrnunity. The PRESIDENT (interpretation £rom Çponish): I now put to the vote

the draft sesolution contained in document S/23762.

A vote vas taken bv show of hands.

In favour: Austria. Belgium, Ecuador, France, Hungary, Japan, Russian

Federation,Unitea Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland, United States of America, Venezuela

Aqainst: None

&Bstaininq: Cape Verde, China, India, Morocco, Zimbabwe

The PRESIDENT (interpretation frsm Spanish): The result of the

voting is as follows: 10 votes in favour, ndne against and 5 abstentions,

The draft resolutian has been adopted as resolution 748 11992).

I now cal1 on those members of the Council who wish to make statements

following the voting. Mr, PICKERING (United States of Amerieal: Over faur months ago rny

Goverment, alongwith those of France and of the United Kingdom,provided the

Seeurity Council with evidence implicating the Gavernment of Eibya in the

wanton destruction of two civilian airliners. This act resulted in the

celd-bloodedmurder of 441 innocent civilians £rom over 30 countries, For

Libya thiç act was no.anornaly, but unfortunately part of a long, well-known

history of support for terrorism and efforts to destabilizeother

The evidence revealingLibya's involvement in these acts of terrorism

indicateç a çerious breach of international peace and security. It fully

justifies the adoption by this Council of measures pursuant to Chapter VI1 of

the United Nations Charter.

We have called upon Libya ta comply with the four requests included in

resolution731 (1992): turn over the two suspects in the bombing of

Pan Am 103 for trial in either the United States or the United Kingdom and

meet the demands of French justice- disclose al1 it knows about the bombings

of Pan Am 103 and UTA flight 772; take concrete steps to cease its support for

terrorism; and pay appropriatecompensation.

Over two months aga thks Council, acting on behalf of the international

commuaity, unasimously urged the Libyan Goverment to provide a full and

effective sesponse to the four dernands. This resolution also makes clear the

Council's 6-isin.n that Ux1 _skLolild sw witb those demands. As we sadly

the League of Arab States and
knou, all efforts by the Secretary-General,

indeedmany others to bring about Libya's cornpliance have been blocked by

Libya's continuing refusa1 to cooperate with the speeific reguests made in

resolution 731 (1992). (Mr, Pickerina,United States)

The Security Couneil has naw acted upon the sanctions resolution before

us. The action we have taken is indeed most significant. At issue here is

uhether the internationalcommunity is prepared to back up its own words with

action and to demonstrate that it will protect itself against a State that

engages in terrorism. The means choçen in thiç resolutios are appropriate;

these sanctions are measured, precise and limited. They are a multilateral,

non-violent and peaceful response to violent and brutal aets. They are the

response prescribed in the Charter as the appropriatenext step for dealing

with a threat to international peace and security. They are tailored to fit

the offençe - Libya's wanton and criminal destruction of eivilian aviation -

and designed to peaalize the Gaverment of Libya, not its neighbours or any

other State.

Bp severing Libya's ais Links, bp irnposing an embargo on military

matériel, by requiring military advisers, technicians aad speeialists ta be

withdrawn. and by restricting tibyan diplomats and other officiais around the

world, who have ço often abused their çtatus, the international comrnuaity iç

sending two clear signals: first, that it will not toletate such threats to

international peace and security; and, secondly, that it iç prepared to take

çoneerted political action against the continuing defiance of international

obligations and norrns of behaviour representedby Libya's State-supported

terrorism. That message iç the surest guarantee that the United Nations

Security Council, usiag its specific, unique powers under the Charter, will

preserve the rule of Law and ensure the peaceful resoluticn of threats to

international peace and security, non an6 in the future. (Mr. ~ickerina. United States)

It is an importantmessage. It is a message that we must al1 hope Libya

will take quickly tu heart by complyingwith resolution 731 (1992) and

honouring its obligation to foreign nationals in Libya. If it does so now it

will bring this chapter to an end quickly. The pause In the implementation of

the sanctions untll 15 Aptil'gives Libya the opportunityto do this. The

choice is now clearly and unavoidably up to Libya.

Sir David BANNAY (United Kingdom): Ten weeks ago, on 21 January,

the Seeurity Council adopted resolution731 (19921, in which it urgea the

Libyan Governmeat to comply with the requests of France, the United Kingdom

and the United States as set out in documentsbefore the Council. Ten weeks

have passed, and the Libyan Goverment has taken neserious step towards

cornpliance with thesa requests. It is now some four months since the requests

were first made, and Libya continues to prevasirate, to seek by any means to

evade its responçibilitiesand to impede action by this Council.

One of Libya's suggestions in recent days has been that cornpliancewith

the requestsin resolution 731 (1992) should await the outeorne of the

proceedings instituted by Libya in the International Court of Justice. As the

United Kingdom representativestated to the Court, we believe that Libya's

application*while purporting to enjoin action by the United Kingdom against

Libya* is in fact directed at interferingwith the exetcise by the Security

Cou~cil of its rightful funetions and prerogatires under the United Nations

Charter. We conslder that the Security Council is fully entitled to concetn

itself with issues of terrorism and the measures needed to addressacts of

terrorismin any partieular case or to prevent it in the future, Any other

view would undermine the primary responsibilityfor the màintenance of S/PV.3063

69

- (Sir David Hannar,
YnitedKinadom)

international peace and security conferred on the Council by Article 24 of the

Charter. It would thus seriouslyweaken the Couneil'sability to maintain

peace and security in future eircumstanceswhich are unforeseen and

unforeseeable.

My 'Gbvernment deeply appreciates the efforts that have been made by the

Secrstary-General and by many Governments,pursuant to SecurityCouncil

reçolution 731 (1992), to secure the Libyan Goverment's compliancewith that

resolution. We were espeeiallygrateful to the Arab Ministers who went to

Tripoli last week to seek to persuade the Libvan leader to comply and hand

over the accused so that they could stand trial. The three CO-sponsors of the

resolution have taken the greatest care to ollowtfme for, ,these efforts to

bear fruit, Regrettably, it now seems clear - from the reports of the

Secretary-Geaeral, from the outcome of the Ar& Ministers'mission and £rom

reeent statements by the Libyan authorities - that, without further action by

this Couneil, Libya has no intention of cornplying with r~solution731 (1992).

That is why we believe the Couneil nou needç ta take a further step, The

tesolution we have adopted today is in our vieu a proportionate and earefully

measnred response to the threat pased by the Libyan Goverment's actions in

support of terroriçm and its £aiLure to responâ positivelyto resolution

731 (1992). The sole objectiveof the sanctions irnposed by this resolution is

to secure compliance with paragraphs,land 2 theteof. The sanctions

themselves are tailoreà precisely to this objective. They are limited to

three precise areas: aviation,arms and Libyan Goverment overseas offices

and officiais. Given the tragic events that are the immediate background to

the issue before the Cauncil - the destructionof two aircraft in flight, (Sir David Hannay,
United Kiaudom)

sesulting in the deaths of 441 individuals of over 30 natioaalities - kt is

entirely appropriate to require that, until the Libyan authorities have

complied with resolution731 (1992), air links with Libya be cut. Equally,

given the nature of Libya's involvernent with terrorism and the means it has

employed, it is entirely appropriate to impose the armç ban and to require

action against Libyan Goverment overseas missions, and especially Libyan Arab

Airlinesoffices.

We have held extensive consultationswith ail the members af the Council,

and the resolut&n takes account of a number of eoneerns that have been

For example, the exception for humanitarian flights has been designed
raised.

su as to cover flights conneeted with the hadj. Sf PV.3603

(Sir David Hannav,
United Kinqdom)

References have been included at the requestof certain neighbouring

countries to the right of States enshrined in Article 50 of the Charter to

eonsult the CounciP if they are eonfronted with speciai ecoaomie problemç.

The sanctions will not be brought into force untif 15 April. This pause

will allow time for Libya to take steps that could avoid the impositionof

sanctions completelp. We hope, even at this late stage, that Libya will see

reason and vil1 cornply with the requests.

The review clause in paragraph 13 of the resolutionmakes it clear that

the Council wi13 be reatïy to respond positively in the event of Libyan

cornpliance. X must ernphasize the very great importancemy Goverment attaches

to the requirementin paragraph 2 of the present resolution,uhich has two

elements: firçt, a definitive cornmitment by Libya to cease al1 formç of

terrorist activity and al1 assistance to terrorist groups and, secendly

prompt and concrete action by Libya to dernonstrate its renunciation of

terrotism. AL1 rnemberç of the Council vill, 1 am sure, understand why, in the

case of Libya, simple verbal cornitment to renounce terrorisrn by itself is

not adequate. We have heard such statements from Colonel Qad6afi in the past,

yet the Libyan authoritieshave, by their oun admission, coatinued aiterrards

to give direct assistanceto terroriçts, X would recall simply by way of

example the case in 1973 when the ship Claudia was seized with a cargo of £ive

tons of arms destined for the ~rovisional IRA, the murder in 1984 of

policewoman Yvoane Fletcher by a shot fired from the Libyan People's Bureau in

London and the incident in Oetober 1987 when the ship Eksund was intercepted

in the Bay of Biçcay carrying 119 tons of weapons and explosives destined for

the Provisional IRA. {Sir David Hannay,
United Kinqdom]

The threat of Libyan terrorism is tbus not fanciful: it is a reality.

And it is not only the three countries that are sponsors of the resolution

that are liable to çuffer £rom it. As 1 have said. over 30 countries had

nationals murdered in the Pan Am and UTA atrocities. Iadeed, the uhole world

ha5 an interest in combating terrorism. Pa the agreeà statement at the summit

meeting of the Council on 31 January the members of the Council expressed, In

the context of their cornitment to collectivesecurity, theis deep concern

over acts of internationalterrorism, and they emphasized

"the need for the international conununity to deal effectively with al1

such acts." {S/PV.3046, P, 144)

Terroristsoften have as their objective the undermining of efforts, by

the United Nations and others, to seek peaceful solutions to international

disputes. They represent, in fact, one of the greatest threats to peace

areund the world, and that includes to peaee in the Middle East. If

terrorists gain the upper hand, the rule of law and internationalpeaee and

seeurity are directly endangered. By adopting this resolution the Security

Council has aeted in full eonforrnity with its psimary responsibility for the

maintenance of internationalpeace and security.

1 would just add one furthes point. The Libyan Goverment has

obligations towards foreign natianals living in Libya which it must meet.

This iscludes allowing them freedorn to leave if they so wish. We shauld

regard it with the utmost seriousnessif there were any restra.int on that

f reedom.

In conclusion, ï emphasize once again that we do not want tu impose

sanctions for their ovn sake. We had hoped they would not be necessary. He

still hope they will not he necessary. There is still tirne, before 15 April, (Mr. ~érim&e, France)

been met with delaying tactics. In order not to reverse itself, the Security

Couneil uas therefore forced to adopt new measures ta bring Libya to face up

to its responsibilities. Tt has just done so by adopting resolution 748

(1992), of which France is a sponsor.

The sanctions imposed by this sesolutionagaiast Libya are balanced and

appropriate. They apply to three areas - arms, aviation and the personnel of

diplornatic and consular missions - that can be used to support international

terrorism.

These are thereforeselective and fitting sanctions. They are not aimed

at the Libyan people, who are not respoasiblefor the actions of theis

leaders. Proof of this is the fact that, mindful of the importance of the

religiouspilgrimaqe to Mecea, üie Councilvil1 provide the necessary

authorizations for pilgrirns wishing to go to Mecça to be able to do so.

In conclusion,my deleqationwishes to stress that the resolution

provides the Libpan leaders with a final deadline. The sanctions enacted vil1

not enter into effect until 15 April. We hope that the Libyan authorities

will make proper use of that delay.

Mr. RATAHO (Japan): Japan is opposed to tersorism in al1 its

forms. In an effort to clarify ,thefacts surrounding the dovning of Pan Am

flight 103 and UT& flight 772, one of whose victims was a Japanese national,

Japan bas appealed ropsatedly to the Libran Goverment to comply with Security

Council resolution731 (1992). Many other Governments and many other

international organkzations,incluaing Our seeretary-~eneraland the teague of

Arab States, have also tried ta gain the cooperationof Libpa. It is indeed

regrettable that despite those endeavours Libya ha5 so far nOt been able to

provide a positive response to the requests. (Mt. Hatano,Japaa)

At the time resolution 731 (1992)was adopted on 21 January it was

foreseen that the Security Counçil would bs compelledto take further measutes

if tibya did net complg with it. Unfortunately,the subsequent developmsnts

in the situation cal1 for the Council'sadoption of a new resolution.

Japon is determined to continue to wosk for the solution of the diffieult

situation and for the eïimination of international terrorism, Japaa urges the

Libyan Goverment to comply Lully with the present Security Council resolution

without much delay, possibly before 15 April. It is in the hop9 of gaining

that cornpliance that my deleqationhas supported the adoption of the

resolution. Mr. ERDOS (Huagary) (interpretation from French): The crimes

assoeiatedwith internationalterrorism and leading to the loss of countless

human lives throughout the world rernain one of the most serious problernsof

our day. It is thesefore only natural for the Security Council to deal with

rhem very seriously and with an aeute sense of responsibility. Accordingly,

Our Council is examining the acts of terrorism eommitted against Pan Am and

UTA f lights,because thosi acts constitute bepond aflyshadov of s doubt a

threat to internationalpeace and security.

Today, as we consider for the seeond time the Eate of these Pan Am and

WTA flights, we are compelled to note that. although over two months have

passed since the adoption of Security Council resolution 731 (1992), Libya has

yet to comply with its provisions, This is al1 the more regrettable since the

United Nations Secretary-General, the League of Arab States and other

countries have spared no effort to promote and facilitate the implementation

of that resolution. Al1 of this casts doubt on the value of statements

expressing readinessto cooperate uith the Security Council and professions of

faith in the importanceof nationalcornmitment and international cooperation

in the struggleagainstterrorism.

Bearing in mind the vital significance of the subjeçt before ys today, as

vell as the credibilityand authority of the United Nations, Hungary has felt

and continues to feel that the Security Couneil rnust take further meAsures to

ensure cornpliance with its oun resolutions.

We are fat £rom pleased about the application uader Chapter YI1 of the

Charter of sanctions against a State Member of the United Nations, and even

less so in the case of a country with which we have had fruitful relations of

econornic cooperation. That is uhy we hope that the Libyan Goverment wilL

respond to the requests contained in Seçurity Council resolution 731 (1992) (Mr. Erdos, Hunqary)

and will make the appropriate cornitment to renounce terrorism. We hope that

the Libyan Goverment will take advantage of the period between now and

mid-April to reconsider its position. We also venture to hope that it will

see in the role that the Secretary-Generalof the United Nations is being

called upon to play in this coatext, as vell as in the possible activitiesof

ot-her States or qroups of States, an opportunity to ertrisate itself £rom the

present situation. For our part, we should like to see the Çecurity Council

mcet as rooa as possible, in accordance with the resolution that has just been

adopted, to determine that the circktances that led the Couneil to impose

sanctions no longer exist; that would enable us to resume normal and regular

contacts with Libya.

In that expeetation, Hungary voted in favour of resolution 748 (1992),

beçause ue consider it necessary to act kndividuallyand c~llectkvely against

any terrorist challenge, of any sort and ftom any source, to reject resolutely

al1 complacency and complicity, and to do everything possible to put an end

once and for all to this crime againsthumanity.

Mr. HOHEHFELLNER (Austria): Austria's positionon tcrrorismis

clear, unwavering and unequivocal. We condemn vigorously al1 forms and al1

acts of terrorism and - since terrorisrn is a truly international problem uhich

has to be combated internationally - we cal1 on a11 membess of the

internationalcommunity to join in the efforts to elirninate terrorism and to

strengthen further their coaperation to that end on the global as welP as the

regional level. Terrorism is a most dangerous threat to internationalpeace

and security. That is uhy it is appropriate for the Security Council to deal

firmly with the matter. Austria, as a party to all relevant instruments

against terrorism, believes that action taken by the Council in this field

should be guided by the prineiples enshrined in these conventions. (Mr. Hohenfellner.Austria)

On 21 January 1992, on the occasion of the adoption of resolution

731 {1992), I called that resolutionan important step in the internationally

since it
concerted action against the scourge of international terrorism,

urqed Libya to contribute to this task. I should like an behalf of Austria ta

comment3 al1 those who undertook efforts to brinq about cornpliance bp Libya

uith its obligations,and in particularthe Secretary-Genetalof the United

Nations, the League of Arab States and various countriesof the regioa

concerned. Regrettably, Libya has still not implemented it~ obligations under

that resolution. Hence, we voted in favour of resolution 748 11992).

This resolutionimposes certain sanctionson Libya designed to bring

about Libyan cornpliance with its obligationsunder resolution731 (1992).

Sanctions are never a goal in themselveç. They are not punishment; they are

introduçed in order to make a certain member of the internationalcommunity

cornply with its obligationsunder the Charter of the United Nations. My

country has always emphasizedthe importanceof an adequate and balanced

relationship between the objectives,on the one hand, and the ways and means

to obtain these objectives, on the other.

Furthermore,it is evident that sanctions wilL have to be lifted once

full implementationby the country concerned of its obligationsbas been

aehieved. That is why Austria bas always streçsed the necessity of

establishinq objective criteria for the provisions on the terminationof

sanctions. In this context, 1 should like to draw attention in particular to

paragraphs 12 and 13 of resolution 748 (1992).

Paragraph 3 allovs another 15 days before the applicationof sanctions

against Libya takes place. We should lkke to reiterate our cal1 upon Libya to

use this time to fulfil its obligations. 1 Ur. LOZINÇKY (Bussîan Federation) (interpretation from Russian): As

was already stated by the representativeof the Russian Federation in the

Security Covncil wheu resolution 731 (1992) vas adopted, Russia uaequivocally

and categorically condemns internationalterrorism, which poses an overt

threat to ous common security, and believeç that al1 States should cooperate

in establishingresponsibklity for the perpetration of terrotist acts.

(1992) -
Guided by the desire to ensurb compliancewith resolution731

which was unanimously aüopted by the Security Council - without resort to

en£oreement action, the Russian Federation, together with many dther States,

has been trying for two months now to convince the Libyan authorities to heeà

the will 05 the intefnational community. Unfortunately, these efforts,

iacluding the good offices of the Seeretary-General of the United Nations,

have not produced the desired results.

Accordingly, the SecurityCouncil had no alternative but to adopt another

resolution providing for enforcement action ta ensure compliance rith the

resolution it had previously adepted. Russia vas compelled to proceed to this

solution,although tbis uas not easy for us in view of our long-standing

friendly relations with Libya. (Mr, Lazinskv. Bussian Federation)

The Russian Goverment expects that Libya will take a realistic laok at

the situation and decide to complywith the wishes of the world community, and

that it will put to good use the pause of goodwill established by the

resolution and implementthe Çecurity Counckl resolution, in which case there

will no longer be any qeed to enact sanctions.

Mr. NOTERDkEME (Belgium) (interpretation from French): Two rnonths

aga, Belgium voted in favour of resolution 731 (1992). Our vote today is part

of the same logical pattern, Belgium has always condemned international

terrorism In al1 its forms, whatover the attempts made to justify it. ft

therefore intends to give strong, constant support to al1 the efforts

undertaken by the internationalcommunity to combat the scourge of

international terrorism. It is within this eontext, and this rontext alane,

that the positive vote of my deleqation has its motive, Indeed, the sanctions

enacted today are clearly lirnited in scope: they are directly related to the

acts of air terrorism behind resolution 731 (1992) and will remain in force

only sa long as the Libyan authoritles do not comply vkth that resolution.

1 wish to pay a particular tribute to the efforts of aur

Secretary-Genetal, the Arab League and the non-aligned countries in trying to

çeek cornpliance on the part of the Libyan authoritieswith resolution

731 (1992). Unfortunateky, these efforts have not pet yielded the hoped-for

resultç, a fact which we regret, particulsrly in respect of the countries

neighbouringLibya, whieh are thus exposed to the etfects of a criçis to rhiçh

they are not party.

Belgiumis pasticularlypleased by the Tact that the resolution

incorporates various arnendments submlttedduring thé negotiatians that have

taken place in recent days. We çee that provision has been made for aEF/2 0 S/PV,3063

82

(Mr. Noterdaeme. Belqium)

two-week delay, and we hope that that period wiLl be put to good use by the

Libyan authorities in order to respond to the injunctionsof the Security

Council. Belgium also notes that the committee set up by the resolution ue

have just adopted will be able to consider,on groundç 05 significant

humanitarian need, any sequest for exemption £rom the embargo on flights.

Givtn Tripoli' S.attitude, it waç necessary to preserve the credibilityof

our Council. Belgium hopes that this resolution will conviace the Libyan

authosities to eooperate actively in complyingwith resolution 731 (1992).

Furthermore, ne believe that today's vote should help to deter, in the future,

any State £tom svpporting terrotist organizations either directly or

indirectly.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from Spanish): In accordance with

Çouncil tradition, at the end of this meeting 1 wish to =Peak in my capacity

as representative of Venezuela.

The Security Council, through resolutioa 731 (1992), haç unanimously corne

out in favour of elirninating terrorism, and, in particular, has urgea the

Goverment of Libya to provide a complet@ and effective tesponse to the

requests submitted to kt in order to determine responsibilityfor the

terroriçt acts conmitted against Pan Am flight 103 and UTA flight 772, The

delegation of Venezuela has set out its position, pointiug out that, as we see

it, the cause of international peace and seeurityrequires a firm and sesolute

response against all manifestations of terrorism. On this occasion, we

reiterate the contents of the Declaration on Principlesof InternationalLaw

concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with

the Charter of the United Nations and the Declarationon the Strengthening of

International Security adopted in General Assembly resolutions 2625 (XXV) and (The President)

1 wish today to express my deleqation's very speciai appreciation for the

efforts of our Secretary-General, Boutras Boutsos-Ghali,in seeking a

negotiated solution with the Government of Libya that would avoid the

application of sanctions. The repeated missions by his Special Envoy clearly

made use of every possible diplomatieoption. In this respect, we also vish

to recognize the good offices deployed by the League of krab States. We have

no doubt that the mechanisrn sought in resolution731 (1992) was perfectly

incarnated in the person of the Sesretary-General of the United Nations; the

hierarchy he heads gave him the rneans he needs to carry out the mission of

, good offiees the Council eatrusted to him under resolution731 (1992); and we

deplore the fact that Libya has not availed itself of those gooà offices.

We non find ourselves in a situation of extrerne cemplexitywith

implications of various kinds of which ne are not unaware. in voting for

resolution 748 (1992) today, ve have borne very much in mind the circumstances

and aspirations of the Libyan Government, but re have also borne very much in

mind the aspirations a£ the 32 dlfferenr nationalitiesto which the victims of

the terrorist acts that led the Council to adopt resolution 731 (1992)

belonged. We are also at one with the aspiration of the international

community, which quite rigbtly desires acts of international terrorisrn not to

go unpunished. To act otheruise, ne believe, would encourage other such acts

in future.

My.deleqation believes that this is not simply a mattet which concerns

Libya and the Çecurity Couneil: it is a matter in which the international

community is calling for justice in the'midst of ab institutional vacuum which

the Seeurity COU~C~~ fi¶& itself compelled to fill. That is its

re~~onsibility,and one which it is assuming today by'adopting this resalution. (The President}

Because of the need to strengthen the actions of the United Nations

. system as a vhole, Venezuela reiterates the need for the system to be provided

with legal rnechanisms capable of dealing with the type of criminal activity

now before the Council. Terrorism ks a reeurrentand unacceptable feature of

the contemporarypolitical scene; we reiterate Our request that an

international criminal court be set up to complementthe 1nternational.Court

of Justice.

It is my delegation's understanding that both the Council and the

International Court of Justice are independent of each other, and that each of

these organs in the United Nations system must exerciçe its jurisdiction

autonornously. It is important,hawever, that public opinion should understand
I

that, although it woulà bave been desirable for there to be a sirnultaneous

decision by the two forums, the absence of such a simultaPeousdecision cannot

inhibit the actions which the one or the other may take, and that their

actions do not imply a disteqard for their respective responsibilities.

tastly, in connection with the scope of the sanctions regirne authorized

by this resolution, Venezuela wishes to make one more appeal to the Governrnent

of Libya, with which my country has diplornatic relations and with rhich we

share ecunomic knterests, that Libya fulfil the provisions O£ resolution

731 (1992) before the 15 April 1992 deadline provided for in this latest

resolution.

I now resume my funetion as President of the Security Council.

There are no further speakers inscribed on my list. The Security Council

has thus çoncluded the psesent stage of its consideration of the item on its

agenda. The Security Council will remain seized of the matter.

The rneetinq rose at 1.50 p.m.