Documents submitted to the Court after the filing of the Request for the Indication of Provisional Measures

INTERNATIOCOUROF JUSTICE

PLEADING,RAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS

CASE CONCERNING UNITED STATES
DIPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

IN TEHRAN

(UNITESTATESOAMERlCAWIRAN)

COUR INTERNATIDEJUSTICE

MEMOIRES,PLAIDOIRIESET DOCUMENTS

AFFAIRE RELATIVEAU PERSONNEL

DIPLOMATIQUE ET CONSULAIRE

DES ÉTATS-UNIS À TÉHÉRANDOCUMENTS SUBMITTED TO THE COURT
AFTERTHE FILINGOF THE REQUEST FOR
THE INDICATION OF PROVISIONAL
MEASURES

DOCUMENTS PRÉSENTÉSA LA COUR

APRÈSLE DEPOT
DELA DEMANDEEN INDICATION
DE MESURES CONSERVATOIRES44 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULARSTAFF

The American Charge d'Affaires, L. Bruce Laingcn, is held in protectivc
custody in the Ministry OFForeign Affairs in Tehran. He has regular contact
with the Ministry'sChicf ofProtoçol but has becridenied at;cessto any senior
officcrsof the Ministry and has not been able to engagc Enany conversations of
substance regarding the releasc ofthe bostziges.
In addition to thcse efforts at direct communicatinn, there have been a
numbcr of cKorortms adc by leaders of other governments and by the Secrctary-
Gcneral ofthc United Nations to interccdewith rhcauthorities in Iran to secure
the rclcaseof the hostagesand thc resolution of thecrisis.In hisstaternenfto the
Seçurity Council on 27 Novembcr Se~retary-GeneralWaldheim recalled to the
membcrs that he had, rvithin the three prcceding wecks, been continuously
involvcd in effortsIOfind means of resolvingthe problem, as had the President
of the SecurityCouncrland manygovernmcnts. He reportcd to the Council that
"in thc prevailing çircumstanccs it hecame clear to me that the efforts1 have
mcntioned, which wereconductcd with good faith and dctermination, could not
for ~hctime being overcome thc very difficult obstacles with which we were
faced.Although, al timcsin the past fewdays agreementsecmedclose,in thc end
thegapappcared too widcto be bridgcdat this stage." Iwas for thisreaçonthat
the Secretary-Generalexercisedhis prerogative to cal!for the urgent convcning
of the Security Council. Thc United States supported his initiative and thc
rcsulting Security Council resolutian calling for the imrnediate rclcase of the
hoslagcs and the pacific settlement of the other remaining issues berwccn the
United Statcs and Iran.
t isclear îroin the foregoingthat the Government of Iran hiisflatlyrefused to
engagein discussions,still lessnegotiations with tbc Government of the Unitcd
States. Wecontinue to strivcto resolvethis conflictthrough diplomacy, recoursc
to the machincry of the United Nations system, andal1pacihc rncans availablc
to us. The poticies and attitudes of the Franian iiuthoritie~, as well as thc
çircurnstances and nature of the crisis have precludcd recoursc to formal
rneasuresor arbitration or conciliation.
Documents relütingto the îoregoing, in su far as lherc are any, arc contained
in Appendix A. Apart from thcsc, there are atpresent no'public dociiments in
point.
4. The Prcsident ofihc Court haç askcd: "Whetiier rhe Governmenr ufeither
the Unird States or Iran hasformally broken .nfdiplomt~ticrelationsb~irveenthe
IWO Goverrimenf. siricthe n?nttcrswhicllrrrthesub~e ~nftheirprescnt dzflereticr~s
urnse.?"The answcr isthai neithcr Government has yet broken off diplomatic
relations dejure,although thc seizureof the American Embassy in Tehran, the
endorsctnent oTihat scizureby thcGovernnient of Iran, and its refusalta discuss
thecrisiswiththe Governmcnt of ihe United States, have brought about a scvcre
impairmeni of our nbility to conduct relations betwecn the twa Govcrnments
through diplomatic channels. There arc no documçnts relaiing to the fotegoing.
5. Thc Presiden~of the Court has requested copiesof any statements made by
thc United Statesrepresentiitivesinthc SecurityCouncilin regard to thernattcrs
üllegedin ~hcUnited Statcs Application of 29 November 1979.Copies of the
stiatementsarc appended hcrcta asAppcndix A.
6. The Prcsidcntof the Court has requcsted copiesofany omcialstaternents of
the Prcsident of the United States, the Secrctary of State or or other Uniled
States üulhorities rclsting to thc rnatters allcgcdinthe Unitcd States Application
of 29 Novcmber 1979.Copies or al1ofthe officia1stalements by senior United
Stares oficials are appcndcd hereio as Appendix B.ln order to avoid burdcning
thc Court with a large volumc of documents of lesscrirnporiancc, Appendix B
docs not includccopies of evcryinforma1statement mad~byeveryUnited Slazcs
oficial (c.g.atprcss br!efings).The volumc ofsuch docuinents, wercthey to bc
çollectcdcomplclcly, would bc vcry large.
7.The Presidentof thcCourt has rcquestedcopiesof any statement by lranian DOCUMENTS 45

authorities evidcncingthe rnattcrs allegedin the Unitcd States Application or 24
Novembcr 1979. As indicatcd in paragraph 3, above, the United States
Government has reccivedno such cornmunicaliondirectlyfrom Iranian authori-
States Embassy in Tehran was seizcd,thc Iranian and world9press have carricd
many reports of statements by the Ayatollah Khomeini, persons idcntifiedas
mcmbers of the Rcvolutionary Council, and persons idcntified as holding
specifiç senior governrnental positions. ln addition, the governrnentally con-
trolled Iranian broadcast mcdia have carried stütcmenis issued in tname of
the group holding thc embassy, describcd as "îollowers of thc Imam", and
cxtcnsivecommentary. During this pcriod, il hasheen dificult for the Gavern-
ment of the United States to evaluale the accuracy, authosity and status of the
various rcported statements. Furlher, there has bacverylarge volumeof such
reported statcments. AppendixCcontains a collection of someof thcstatements
involved,but 1 canoot represcnt lo the Court that we have ben informcd of al1
such statcmcnts, or that this collation is complcte.
8.The Prcsident of the Court has requestcddetails of the numbcr or persons
includcd respectivelyin the diplornatic, administrative, technical, consular and
scrvicestaffwho arc thesubject of the Uniled States applicalion and requesi of
29Novemher 1979.At least 51pcrsonsare in these.catcgories.To the best my
knowledge,at lçast 28 of the United States nationals currently held hostage in
the embassyare diplornaticstaffand at least 20are membersof the administra-
tivc andtechnicalstaff'.The 3 United States emhassy oficials in custody at the
Iranian Foreign Ministry are membcrs ofthe diplornatislaff1wishto draw the
Court's attention to theact that, in addition, there are currently hoslagz in the
Ernbassy inTehran, to the best of rnyknowledge,2 UnitedStatcs nationals wha,
allhough they do not qualifyas "diplomalic, administrative, technical,consular
or servicestaff', are nontheless, likc al1other United States nationals in Iran;
nationals of oneofthe High Contracting Partieswithin the meaningof ArticleII
or the Treaty of Arnity, Economiç Relations and Consular Rights bctweenihe
United Statcsand rsan. Al1United States nationals Iran are equallyeniitled to
protection, including in the present circumstances, the right to depart.

David D. NEWSOM.

Washington, D.C.
6 December 1979.

Seepp. 503-50infrti.to insist upon basic conditions of humanity for their care pending that release.
including daily visitation by impartial observers.
Many Memkrs of the United Nations, including some members of this
Council, have had Ambüssadors murdered, diplornatic personnel injured,
ernbassy faciliticsdestroyed. On cach occasion the dclicate Trameworkof our
international cammunity has bcen harmed, but cfforts were made to rcpair the
wounds. The situation in Tehran has a feature unlike othcr assaults on the
d~plomaticties that bind out-world. In Iran, the Government itself defends thc
violenccwhiçh holds diplomats hostage. Such a position is intolerable.
Thc Uniled States insists that its diploma~içpersonnel be rclcased and its
diplornatic prernises rcstored. These arc no1 negotiable mattcrs. The United
States will hold thc authorities in Iran fully responsiblc for the safety of the
Americans hcld captive.
1 speak today Forhostageswho are endangeredby the îrenzy and unccrtainty
of events; by the inhumanc conditions under which Lheyare held; and by the
threat of thc authorities in Iran lo compound unjust acts through trials.
Around the world, nations of east and West,north and south, in individwal
and colicclivestatements, have expressed thcir opposition ta this violation of
international law and called Tor the immcdiare release of thc hosta~es. We
cxpress our apprcciation for this overwhelming expression or international
concem and support. in hehalf of prinçiples that lie at the heartof civilizcd
international bêhiviour.
In this spirit, the Presidcnt orthe SecurityCouncil, speaking Forthc members
of this body, has twice urgently appcalcd for the releascof the hostages.
The Presidcnt of the Gencral Assernbly has twice spoken eloqucntly in
support of this plea.
Thc Secretary-General of Ihe United Nations has worked unceasingly to
rcsolve thiscrisis.
There has not been a satisfactory responseand the hostages are still not frcc.
We garhcr here to determine what more can be done.
None of us isdeaf to the passionale voicesthat spcak ocinjustice, that çry oui
against past wrongs and that ask for undcrstanding. There 1s not a single
grievancc alleged or spokcn in ihis situation that could not be heard in an
appropriate forum.
ln addition, asWC have said from the beginning,the Unitcd Siates remains
rcady. upon the relcaseof the hostagcs, to discuss with thc lranian authoritics
the differenccs which exist betwccn us and to seek thclr resolution.
But no country can cal1for justicc while at the same tirne denying it to Ihe
defencelcss.No country can breach themost fundamental rules of the cornmu-
nity of nations and at the samc timeexpect that cornmunilyto be helpful in the
problcms which it percctvcsToritself.
Inthc simplestrerms,no country Ganbreak and ignore the law whilesccking
itsbenefits.
What 1sit thal the world can agreeup& if not the protection and respec.tTor
those whomweappoint to representour sovereigntyand rcsolve OUT differences?
How tragic for Iran,how tragic for Lheworld that thrcats LoFace are bcing
drivcn to a new cresccndo. The most powerful voices in Iran arc cncouraging
violence in neighbuuring countrics and condoning bloodshed rather than
condemning it. Enaddilion, totally unfounded charges which can only inflame
the situation are beingmade againstthe United Statcs withrespectto the eurrenL
crisis.
The United States in al1the years of its history has had as a fundamental
principlethe freedoinof al1peopleto worship as theychoosc. Out oi'this history
and longassociation, wehonour and rcspectthe leaders and the nation of Islam.
The principle or non-interfcrcnceinthe internai affüirsor othernations 1sboth
a tcnct of the United Nations and of the foreign policyor the United Statcç,and48 -UIPLOMATIC AND CONSU WR STAFF

thai includes, of coursc, respect for the Lcrritorialintegrily, political indepen-
dence and sovereignty of Iran. We respect Lherght of rhe people of Irata
determine their own future through institutions of ~heirown choosing. Al1of us
must açcept their dccisions.
Thc President or the United States, speaking foa unified and determined
nation, hasmadeit clearthat wcarc seekina peaccfulresolutioto thisconflict
sothat the woundsof the pst çanbc healed.In Lhisspirit, the United Statcs has
turned to LheSccurity Counciland the Swretary-Gencral in the search for a
pcacefulsoluliun. In this spirit, the Unitcd States has bcgun proceedings inthe
lntcrnational Courtof Justice.
Thcrc 1sin the Uniied Statcs a unity of purpadisciplincdsensitivityto thc
needs of pcace, a deteminütion to searcout al1peaceful means to bringthis
disputc to a just conclusion,and aasdelcrminaiion to do what must be donc
toprolecl our kllow citi~ensand the ruleZaw.That unity or purposisshared
by al1Amcricans. But make no rnistake. Benealh rhat discipline is a seething

ünger which Amcricans properly fecl as they witness on daily televisLonncw
lhreats and outrages against their fellowcitizens.
The hostages must be Frccd

STATEME~ DY AMHASSADD OORNALIF ~. MCHENKY U,NITEDSTATES
PI:KMANER NETPRESEN'~AT TIVTIIEWNI'I.ENDATIONS ,NTHE SEFURITY
COUNF~ ON THE SITUATIO NNIRAN, 4 DECEMBE1 979
Mr. President,

The 15 menibcrs of theSecurity Council in lheir action today havc given
unanimouscxprcssiononce more to their urgeniça11on the Governmcnt of Iran
Forthe imrnediale and unconditional rclease oc the hostages of our Embassy
bcing held in Tehran. Thcy have called on the Governmcnt of IraIoprovide
the hostagcs protectionand to allow lhem to lcavethe counlry. It isclear Êrom
this voteand from thedebaseofthclast four days, in whichreprescntativesfrom
al1parts or Ihc world have participatcd, that the Fdmilyof nations spcaks with
onc voice in calling fothe immediaterelcascof the hostÿgcs.WC are deeply
appreciative.
We hope thatthiscal1ofthe Security Councilwillbe hccded and çarried out
by the Govcrnment of Iran in a matter of hnurs. Whateverthe tirnerequired, we
urge the Secrctary-General, in the cxcrcise of his good offices,to provide al1
humanitarian support possible to thosç bcing detained against their will. We
rernain deepIyconcerned for Lhcirsafety, their wcll king and their hcalth on
this, their thiriieih day of sufferingand isolation.
The Unitcd States wishes to place on the record that the adoptiof this
resalutian by the Secunty Couiicil cIearEyis noLintcnded to displacc peaceful
cffortsin other organs of the Uniied Nations. Neither LheUnited States nor any
othcr Member intends that the adoption of this resolulion should have any
prejudicial impact whatevcr on the request of the United States Tor the
indication of provisionalmcasures of protection by the International Cofrt
Justice.
With the hostagcsreleased. the rcsolution calls on Governrnents of Iran
and the United Statcsto take urgent stcpto resolve pcaoefullythe remaining
issues bctween them in accordance with tticpurposes and principlesof ihc
Charter ofthc UnitedNations. Thc United Slatesisfiillyprepared 10CO-operate
with this call.
Many speakersin thisdebate havealso referredto thc grievancofthe pçople
of Iran-1 myself did so when 1 remarked that: "None of us is deaf to the
passionate voices thaspeak of injustice,that cry out against past wrongs andthatask Torunderstanding. Thereis not a singlegrievance allcgcd or spoken in
this situation that could not bc heard in an appropriate forum." The Security
Council has now also noted those grievanccs in its acknowledgement of thc
Iranian lctter of 13November 1979.
Neither thcUnited Statesnor the other mcmbcrs of the community of nations
hasa desire to isolate Iran. WCare al1Members of the United Nations. Let us
then, al1of us,be true tothc purposes and principles of thc Charter which we
have gledged ourselvcs to honour. The President mct with seniorforefgnpoliçy advisers khismorning to discuss
thc sitiiatiinIran.
The US has bccn given assurances by the authorities in Iran that the safety
and well-king of Americans will be protectcd.
The US expcçtsthat these assurancewiI1bc honoured.
In thc meantirne,wcare doingevcrythingpossibleta securethc releaseof our
embassy staff. We do not considcr public commcnt on thesc effortto be
appropriatcO: helpful whilethey are in progress.

STA'TEME ATTSPECIAB LRIEFMC-WEDNESD7 AYC, ~VEM~1B 979-5.02 P.M.
ON THE RFCORD UNLESO S T~RWISIN .:OTED
Mr. Cr~rtu:As 1 said earlier today, lranian authorities ligrccdto receivcour
emissaries.Howevcr,we wereinformed this afternoon by Lhcauthorities in Iran

thakMr. Clark and Mc. Millershould not proceed to Tehraatthis time. Thcy
willremainin Istanbul pcndingclarifiçation ofthe positionof theGovernmenkof
Iran. 1t is our hope ihas thcy will be ablc to proceed with their missionat the
carliest opportunity.

S'I;~~TEM DYNSECRETAR YF STAT EYRUS R. VANCE-THURSDAY,
7NOVEMBE 1979, 3.2P.M.

Sccrctary Vance:Cood afternoon, I'm sorrto have keptyou waiting.
S~ncethe firstwvrd that our ernbassy had been taken over in Tehran, thc
Prcsident aidedby hls seniur advisers, has been dirccting the efforts of aur
Government to securc the saferelcasc of our pcople. We havc, been assurcd
rcpcatedly Iliat those being hhave no1 bccn physiçallharmed. WCcxpect
those assurances10bc observed.
The situation 1sextrernelydificult and dcli1am surc that al1Amcricans
understand the efforts we are pursuing çannot take placc in the glare of
publiciiyLet me assureyou, howevçr,that we are pursuing every avenue open
tous tosecurethc safeand eürly releaseofour people.Our actions willcontinue
to he guidcd by ihis ovcrriding objcctivc.
Let me say in particultothe familiesof those being heldin Tehran twet
understaridFullyynur anguish and wewillcontinue to work around thc clack to
achievetheir rclcase.
WC have announced our readiness to havc personal reprcsentatives of the
Presidcnt goto Iran to diseuss with the lranian authorilies tbe release ofour
embassypeople. Many governmentsand others have been helping.We appre~i-

ate thosc efforts.
We necd the continucd support of the American peopIe aWC pursue thesc
cflartsIIisa.time not for rhctoric but for quiet, careffimandiplomacy.
In this situation, theed Stateskasno higherobligation than to do al1thal
it cantuprotecl the livofAmerican citizens.Wcwill honour that obligation.
Thank you.
*** DOCUMENTS 5 1

STATEMEN BT THE HONORABC LYERUS R. VANCE S,ECRFTA OKYSTATE,
CiisCERNiNG THFSI.I.VATIOINNIRAN8 , NDVEMBE1R 979

Since the first word that aur Embüssy had been takcn ovein Tehran, thc
Prcsident, aided by his senior advisers, has been directing thc cOCoour
Government to securethe safe rclease of our wople.
We havc been assured rcpcütedly that thosc being held have not been
physicallyharmedW . c cxpect thosassurancesto be observed.
The situation is ex~remelydifficultand delic1am sure that ai1Americans
understand that the efforts arc pursuing cannot take place in the glare of
publicity. Let me assureyou, however,thaWC are pursuing everyavenueopen
to us to sccurethesafeand carlyrelease.Our actions willcontinue to bcguided
by that overriding objectivc.
Let mcSay, inparticulartothe familieofthose beingheldin Tehran that we
understand fullyyour anguish and wewillcontinueo work around thedock to
achicveiheir release.
WChave announçed our readiness to havc the persona1reprcscntativesof the
Prcsident goto Iran to discuss with thc lranian authorities the release of our
embassypeoplc.
Many govcrnmentsand othcrs have beenhelping.Weappreciate thosccfforls.
We nccd the continued support of the Arncricün people as we pursue these
efforts.Ttis a time, not for rhetbutcfor quiet, careful, and firm diplomacy.
In thissituation,the United Stateshas nohigherobligationttodo al1that it
can to protcct the livesof the Americancitizens.WCwillhonour that obligation.

TIE WHITE HOUSE , NOVEMR E979

Thc seizure of morc than 60 Americans in our embassy in Tchran has
provoked strong feclingshere at hornc. Therisoutrage. Therc is frustration.
And Lhereis deep ünger.
Thereisalsopridein,thecouragcof hose whoare indangcr and sympathyl'or
lhem andfor thcir families. Butthc mosl important conccrn for al1Americansat
thismomcnt is safety of our fcllowciiizensheld in Tchran.
The President sharcs these reelings.Hc is pursuing everypossiblc avenue in a
situationthat is exiremely volatile and dificult His cfforts involve many
countricsand individuals. Manyortheseeffortsmust of necessitybe çonductcd
without publicity, anal1rçqurre the calrnestpossible atrnosphere.
The Presidentknowsthat no matter howdccplywemayfeel,none of uswould
want to do anything that would worsen the dangcr in which Our fellow
AmHecallson al1Americans, publicofficiaisand privaieciiizensaltoccxercise

and hearts.Members of the Fainiliesof rhe Americün hoslages wiih whom ihcminds
Prcsidcnkmet this rnorning have asked to join with him in this appeal. The
PrcsidentexpectscvcryAmericanto refrain from any action thüt rnight increase
the dangcr tothe American hostages in Tehran.

Thc Presideni has dircctcd the Attorney-Gcneral to gentify any Iranian
studcnts in the United Statwho are not in cornpliancewith thc ~cmsof theis
ciitryvisas,ndro takctlinscejsary sicptoconimensedeportation procrediiigs
agürnsrthosc who have violntcd iipplicableimmigr:itioiilaws and regiilntions52 DIP1,OMATICAND CONSULARSTAFF

As an initial mcusure, the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the
Department of JusLiccwillissuea noticerequiring al1Iraniaa studetosreport
theirpresent location and status irnrnediütclyrothe ncarest INS oficc, and will
takc additional stcps to locatc and identify such students to determinc legal
status. For studenis Eoundto be in illcgalstatus,dcportation proccedingswillbc
conductcd in accordancc with conslitutiona1due process requiremcnts.

Tm WHJTE MOUS E ,NOUNCEME NYTTI.IPRESIDENT,
THE RRIEF~N RG OM1 ,2NOVEMBE 1979

The Presid~nr:Thank you verymuch. Wecontinuc to face a grtivcsituation in
Iran, wherc our embassy has been seized,and more than 60 American citizens
continueto bc heldashostagcs in an atlcmpt to forceunacceptabledcmands on
our country. Wc are using cvcry availablc channel to protect the safcty of the
hostags, and to sccure their rclcase.
Alongwith the Carnilieof the hustüges1have wclcomedand 1appreciale thc
restraint Lhatkas been shownby Americansduring thiscrisis.We must continue
toexhibit suchconstraint, dcspitethe intcnsofour cmotions.Thc livesor our
pcople in Iran arc at stake.
1 must emphasizc the gravity of the situation. It istothe United Stütes
and to cvery other nation that thc lives of diplomatic personnel and other
citizensabroad be protected, and that we refuse to permit the use of terrorism
and the scizureand the holding of hostages io imposc political dcmands.
No one should underestimate theresolvc of the Amcrican Governrncnt and
the American people in this matter. isncçcssaryto eliminate any suggestion
tbüt economicpressurescan weakenour stand on basicissucsof principlc. Our
position mustbe clcar1 am ordering thalwediscontinue purchasingorany oil
rromIran for delivcryto this country.
Thesc cvcnts obviouslydemonstrsiiethe extreme importance of rcducing oil
consumpiion herc in the United State1.urgecveryAmericancitizenand cvery
American business to rcdouble efforts to curtail thc use of pelrolcurn products.

strength and of our dctcnninatinn.enge to our country. 11wbc atest ofoiir
1 have directcd Secretary Duncan twork with the Congrcssand withothcr

addilional measurestoconserveioilandntocope withthisnewisituation. We will

insure a minimum oi"disruption oi"our nation's economy.oleum prodticts and to

TheseAmçricanrneasurcsmust be part of an effectiveintcrnaiional effortand
we will consull wi~hour allies and with othcr oil-consuming nations about
further actions io reduce oil cansumplion and oil imports.
America docs face a difficulttask and a test. Our rcsponse will mcasure our
charactcr and QUrcourage. I know that we Amcricans shallnot fail.
Thank you very much.

IMPORI'SCIFPETROLBUM AND PETKOLEUMPRODUCI3

The Sccretary of thc Treasury in a rnemorandum dated 12 November 1979,
and thc Secretary ofEnergy in consultation with the Secrctariesof Statc and DOCUMENTS 53

Defense, have informcd me ihai recent dcvclopments in Iran have cxacerbaied
the threat to thc national security poscdby imports of petroleum and petroleum
products. Those developments underscore the threüt to our national security
which resultsfrom our rclianceon Iran as a source OF crude oil. The Sccrciaries
have rccornmendedthat 1takc slepsimmediatelyto chminate the dependencc of
thc UniitedStates on Iran as a source of crudc oil,
1 agree with thcsc recommendations and that the changcs proposed are
cansistcntwikhthe purposes of Proclamation 3279, as amended.
Now, therefore, 1,Jimmy Carter, President of thc United States of Amcrica,
by the authority vcsted in me by the Constiiution and the laws of the United
States,including Scction 232 of the Tradc Expansion Act of 1962,as amended
(19 USC 1862)do herebyproclaim thal:
Section 1.Section I of Proclamation 3279, asamended, isfurthcr amended by
the addition of a ncw paragraph (e) to read asîollows:

Sec. 1 (e). Notwithstanding any other provision of ihis Proclamation, no
crude oilproduced in Iran (cxccptcrude oilloaded aboard maritime v~ssclsprior
te 13 Novernber 1979)or unfinished oil or finished products refincd in pos-
sessionsor rree trade zoncs of the United Statcs from such çrude oil, rnay be
entered into the customs ierritory of thc United States.
Section 2. Seciion Il of Proclamation No. 3279, as amended, 1s further
amcndcd in paragraph (1) to read as follows:
(1)The tcrm "imports", whenapplied io crude oil other lhan that produccd in
Iran, includes both entry for consurnption and withdrawal from warehousc for
consumption, but excludcs unfinishedoil and finishedproducts proccsscdin the
United States territories and foreign tradc zones fromcrude oil produced in the
United Statcs.
ln witnesswhcreoî, 1havehereunto setrnyhand this twclfthday oTNovember,
in the ycar of our Lord nincteen hundred and scventy-nine and of thc
Independenccof the United Statcs of America the two hundred and fourth.

Jirnmy CARTER.

* * *

The President has today acted to block al1officia1Iranian asscts in the United
States, includingdeposits inUnitcd Slates banks and their foreign branches and
subsidiaries.This ordcrisin response to reports ihat ihe Governineni of lran is
about to withdraw its funds.Thc purpose of this orderisto insure that claimson
lran by thc United SLatesand its citizensare provided for in an orderly manner.
Thc order does not affectüccounts of persons othcr than the Government of
Iran, the Central Bank of Iran and other controlled entitics. The precise
amountç involvcd cannot be ascertaincd at this time, but therc is no reason.for
disturbance in the foreign cxchangeor other rnarkcts.
The President is taking lhis action pursuant to the International Ernergency
Econornic Powers Act, whichgrants the President authority "10 deal with any
unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, for~ign policy, or
cconomy ofthe Unitcd States".

Thc President roday has issued an order blocking al1olhcial Iranian asscts in
thc United States, including deposits in Unitcd States banks, their roreign DOCUMENTX 55

who arc hcre lawfullymay continue hcrc with their work or their studies. But
thosc who are hcrc illegally will be processed prurnptly and lawîully for
deportation back to their own country.
Third,I want to rcmove any question that our prznciplesmight be cornpro-
misedby our supposed nced TorIranian oil. Earlythis wcck,therefore, 1ordcred
an immediate hall to any purchases or shipmçnts or Iranian oil tu the United
States of America.
I'mdetemined to make clear that wewillnever allowany foreign country to
dictale any Arnerican policy.
Fourrh,in order to protect Ourcconomic intercstsand to insurethat claimson
Iran by thc United States or by US citizens are settled inan orderly manncr,
we'velcgallyCrozenofficia1lranian prapcrty and financialüssets.The order docs
not affectany accounts other than thosc of the Governmcnt of Iran, thc Central
Bank of Iran,or othcr government-controlledentities.
And yesterday 1further instructcd Sccretary ofState Vance and Ambassador
[tothc United Nations] McHenryto opposeany discussionof Iran's problemsin
thc UN SecurityCouncilas longas Americanhostagesare beinghcld, Onlyafter
the hostagcs >irereleasedwill we be willingto address Iran'sconcerns and th~n
under thc provisions of inrernational law and under the charterof the Unitcd
Nations. The membcrsof the Unitcd Nations SecurityCouncil, 1am plcasedto
announce to you, have agre~dunanimously withOurown proposal.
It's important for al1of us to remembcr rhat we will not compromise our

fundarncntalpnnciples of justice no mattcr how grave thc provocation nor how
righteaus our indignation. At the same time, we will continue to use our
influencearound thc world to obtain the samekjnds of human rights for people
cvcrywhere.
In this instance, we are upholding an important principlc on behalf of thc
cntire world çommunity. It's aclear tenet of international law and diplomatic
tridilion that the host govcrnmeni is fullyrcsponsible for thc saïety and wcll-
bcingof the property and thc lcgalrepresentativesoranother country. Lessthan
a year ago-and this is a Fücnot generally known or rccogniled-less thün a
year ago, 70,000 American citizens wcrc in Iran. As you know, thousands oT
pcople were killed during the upheavals therc but almost miraçulously, and
becauseof the good work of Cyrus Vanceand others, our pcople were brought
home safely, and 1 thünk God For it. Despite thc turmoil, each succwding
Irünian Governmcnt-and they were being changed, as you know, quite
rapidly-protccted the citizcnsor other countries.
Foreign vis~torsare oftcn vulntrable toabusc. An embassy is not a fortress
Therearc no embassiesanywherein the world that can long withstand thetittack
of a rnob, if the mob has thç support of the host government itself. We had
reccived repeated assurances of protection from the highesi officiais in the
Iranian Government, even a düy or two beforcthe mobwasinçitedhoatlack and
before that protection was withdrawn at the last minute. The principle of
inviolability of embassies is undcrstood and acccptcd by nations cvcrywhere,
and it's partiçularly importantto smaller nations which havc no recourse to
cconomic or military power. This is why the Unitcd Nations Security Council
kas also unanimously supported our demand for the release of the American
hostages.
In accordance with this principlcas recognized and observed by al1civilixd
countries, the Iranian Governmcnt and its leadcrs are fully responsible for the
saretyand wcll-beingof our representativesin Iran, in Tehran, and Lhey willbc
held accountable Torthat rcsponsihility.It is unthinkable that any responsible
govcrnmentin today'smodern world could regardthc seizureand the holdingof
thc diplomatic oficials or another nation as a realistic means to advance any
cause whatsoevcr. Terrorism is not an acceptable means to resolve disputes
between individuals or betwecn nations.58 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULARSTAFF

Let uswk God'sguidance:in aur search for geace and human brotherhood,
and pray for the safe return of those whosclives are threatcned. May we corne
with gratitude for Ourabundani blcssings, and huMaretyihc heavy burden
of world responsibiIity that Our blessings and powcrhave brought.

Tbree ofour hostages in Tchran have bccn released and haveleft Iran. After a
briefperiod of rest and care they will bercunited with thcir families herc in the
Unitcd States.
The remaining hostages must also be released. Their detention is without
justificatiThc Government of Iran isresponsibIefor achieving their irnmediate
and safe rcleaseand the United States has thtoexpect that Iran willdo so.
The spectre has been raised of othcr American diplomartc bostages king
placed on trial. Suchstepwould bea further flagrant viotation of clcmentary
humün rights, religious precepts and international law and practice.
Worldwide outragc at the deiention of these hostages wouid be greatly
hcightened hy any attempt to put these diplornatic personnel on trial.

STAI- MEN DY THEVICEPRESIDEN AT PRES S ONFEREN ICNBLOOMINGTON,
MINNLWTA, AT MINNFSOT FARMEH UN'IONCONVENTI O9NO:VEMBE 1979

"As you al1know, the Prcsident anand the senior foreign palicy adofsers
our Gaverriment have been working literally around the çlock to sccure the
release of our peoplc being held hostage tonight in Iran62 people lcss a
few thathavc been releascd.
Wc'reespecially proud that the chargéd'affaires, the lcading officialthcre is a
Minnesotan-Bruce Laingen-who isdischarging his responsibilities with cour-
agc and with grcat ability.
The supportand understanding that Americans have given to Ourefforts have
been truly rnagnificent Our counhasstood togethcr in these days almost
Iikcü family-unitedin our concern for fellow Amencaindanger and unitcd
nations and millions of other peoplc throughout the warld,y scorcs of other
Thankfully, the first hostages released willsoan bercunited with their families.
We are thankful that some are free. But al1of us rccogniwc cannot rest
unt~leveryonc of the hostages has returncd home-safand unharmcd. Our
effortto secure ihcir release must bc conhnued and intensified.
We hold thc Iranian Covcrnment fully rcsponsible for the safety and welE-
being OFthc remaining hostages. Weand the rest of the world havc every righi to
expcct the Iranian Government ta honaur its clear obligations under interna-
tional law to secure the release-ansafe rcturn-of ait hostages. The Zast
hostage is as important as the first hostage.
Thc Iranian pcople must undcrstand the firmness and resofvaur people
and Our nation, and that we stand as one.
America will continue tact asa great nation acts-witha sobcr sense of
responsibility, with determination and with unity."

Thereare reports that the American citizens being illegsillyheld as hostages in
Tehran with thc support of the Iranian Government msoon be put through DOCUMENTS 59

some sort of "trial". This wouid aeflagrant violationof international lawand
büsicreligious principles,and the Govcrnment of Iran would bear fullrespoiisi-
bilityTorany ensuing consequences. The United Stütcs is seeking a peaccful
solution to this groblem through the United Nations and everyother available
channel. This is Carpreferablcto Lheother rcrncdies available to thc Uniled
States. Such remedies arc explicitly recognized in the Chartcr of the United
Nations. The Govcrnment of Iran must recognizethe gravity of the situation it
has created.

On the eve ofthe rcturn toArnericaof thc first group of releascdhostags1
would liketo share with al1Americansa messageta us from BruccLaingen,our
charge d'affaires inTehran:
"ln our praycrsofthanks for the safe return ofthe firstof the hostages,of
hope for thc eürlyreleaseOFthoscwho remain, and Forstrength in standing
firmfor what webelieveis right, lusalsopray thala processcan beginthat
will ultimately permit theresroration of thc traditional friendship bctween
the American and the Iranian peoples. Lei us ask God's guidance that the
two colintries,inal1theydoand say,willacton that basisand [roma posture
of humaniiy and restraint, so that both our pcoplesand Governments can
agam look to a futureDT restored undersianding and CO-operation.
Letthe Nation's church bells ring with that messageand ihat hope."

DEPARTM~ OF TUSTICE2,7 NOVEMBE 1979

Attorney-General Benjamin R. CivilcttiLoday issuedthe:followingstatement
on the rights of Iranian siudents in thc United States:
Amcricansand the pcople of other civilizcdcountrles condemn the laking of
hostagesin Iran. This action violatesbasic principles ofinternational law. Tbat
fundamental illegalitypoints up, however,the rcstraints wemust obscrvcin the
Unjtcd States. Here constitutional Iiberties and due process protcct everyone,
even sometimesintemperate gucsts and visitors who have overstayedtheir Icgal
rightta remain in thiscountry
Despiteourjustifiableanger atthc students and othcrwho make prisoncrsof
our citixns, we al1must restrain our actions and behave with a considered
regard forour ruleof law.Crisestest our adhcrcncc to our basicprotections; in
theseprotections wefind the preservation and promolion of our berier instincts
and collective values.
Recent ncws accounts havc reported that somc fcw American citizcns have
taken thcirown action agüinst Iranians in this country. According to the news
reports, some Iranians have been firc[rom their jobs, cxpelled from univcrsi-
ties, and dcnied public accomm~dations.This cunduct is not propcr. A variety
of fcderal laws prohibit discrimination based on national origin. These laws
forbid treating pcopledifferentlyinsuch areas asemployment,publiceducation,
housing, crcd~t,and public accommodations likc rcsiaurants and hotcls. These
lawsiwhich do not involve the immigration lawscgenerally prolect both
citizensand non-citizcns.
It is the role of the Justice Departmcnto go to court, when necessary, ta
prevent and to rcrnedy illegaldiscrimination. In the currenl situaWConmusi
do no less. The Department will continue to enforce these laws both here in
Washington and through the US Attorneys' officesaround the country. 60 DIPLOMATICAND ÇONSULAR STAFF

Americanswho want to tell Irün of their cunccrn in a polentially construclive
wüy can send lettcrs and telearams to The Permanent Mission of the Islamic
~é~ublicof Iran to thc ~nitëd Nations, 622 Third Avcnue, New York, New
York 10017.
1urge cvcryonein thiscountry to honour and respectQUrlawswhich protect
thc rights or persons of Iranian origasthey protcct us al!.

NEWSCONFEREN E)NEIRAN

Folloii;znis nnews ~rference by PresidenfCarter brciadcus!iveon leIevdir)n
and radiofrom the Ensr Rotlm (i ~heWhir~Hliu.ve on28 Novmber IY79.
For the last 24 düys our nalion's concern has bccn focused on our Fellow
Americansbeingheldhostagein Iran. We have welcomcdsomeof them home to
theirfamilicsand their fricnds. But wewillnot rest nor deviatefroout efforts
untilal1have bccnfreed îrom ihcir itnprisonmcnt and their abuscWe hold the

every singlcperson.fulIy responsiblc Forthe well-bcingand the safc rctutnof

1wanl thc American peoplc to undersland the situation as much as possible,
- but there rnay bcsomequestions tonight which1 cünnot answer fullybecauseof
my concern for the well-beingof the hostagcs.
First oail,1wouldliketo say that Iam proud ofthisgreat nation, and 1want.
lo thank al! Americans for their praycrs, their courüge, their persistcnce, their
strong support and patience. During these past days our national will, out-
couragc, and our maturity have al1bccn severelylestcd and history will show
thatthe pcople of the Unitcd States have met everytcst.
In the days to corne our delermination rnay bc even more sorelytried bWC
willcontinue to dcfcnd the security, thc honour, and the freedom of Americans
everywherç-.This nation will never yield to blackmail.
For al1Amcricansour constant concern is thcwell-king and the safetyofour
fellowcitizenswhoarc beingheldillcgallyand irresponsiblyhostagein Iran.The
actionsof lran have shockcd thecivjlizedworld. For agovcrnment to applaud
mob vioiencc and terrorisni, for a government actualIo support and in effect
participate in Iheiaking and the holding of hosiaisvnprecedenlcdin human
history.
Th~sviolalcsnot only the most fundamenta1precepisofintcrnational law but
the çommon ethical and rcligiousheriragc of hurnaniiy. There no recognized
religious Faith on earth which condonts kidnapping Thcrc is no recognizcd
religiousïaith on carth whichcondonesblackmail.There iscertainlyno religious
faithon carth which condones the sustained abuse of innocent people.
We are dccply concerned aboiil the inhuman and dcgrading conditions
imposcd on the hostagcs. Frorn every corner of Lheworld nations and people
have voiccdthcir strong reviiIsionand condenination of Iran, and havejoined us
incalling for thc releaseof thc hastages.
Lastnighl a statementof support was releascdand wasissucdby the President
oftheUnited Nalions General Asscnibly,the SecurityCouncil,and on behalfof
al1of its members. WCcxpect a furthcr Security Council meetingon Saturday
night, at which more firmand otficialaction rnay be iakcn to hein obtilining
the releascof the American hostages.
Any claims raisedby governrnent ofiçials of Iran willring hollow whilethcy
keep innocent people bound and abused and threatened. WC hope thal this
cxerciseor dipltimacy and intcrnat~onal law will bring-apeaceful solulion,
bccause a peaccful solution is prcferable to thc other remedicsavailahle io the
United States.
At thc same tirne,WC pursue such ü solution with grim detcrminütion. TheGovernmcnt ofIran mushrecognizcthe gravityof the situation which ithas itsclf
creatcd, and the grave consequcnceswhich will result if harm comes to any of
the hostagcs.
I wlint the Amcrican people to know, and 1want the world to know, that we
willpersist in our efforts, Lhroughcvcry means available, until cvery single
Amcricrinhasbeen freed.Wemust aiso recognizenow, as WC never havebcfore,
that it isr entire nation which1svulnerablc,becauseof our overwhelmingand
excessivedcpcndence on oil from forcign countrics. We have got tu dccept thc
ractthat this dependenccisa direct, physicalthreat to our national security.And
we must join together to fight for our nation's cncrgy Freedom.
We know the ways tu win this war: more American energyand the more
efficient use of what we have. Thc US Congrcss isnow struggling with this
extrcmelyirnportünt decision. The way to victory is long and diflicult,but we
havc the will, and we have thc human and the natural rcsources ofour greai
nation. Howevcr hard ~tmight be to see into the future, one thing tonight is
clear: we stand together.
We stand as a nation unified,a pcople determined io protect the lifeand thc
honour orevery Arnerican.And weare detcrinined to make Arnericaan cncrgy
secure nation once again. lt is unthinkable that wc will allow oursclvto be
dominatcd by any form of overdepcndenceat home or any brand of ierrorism
abroad. We are dctemined that the freest nation on earth shall protect and

enhance its frecdom.
1 will be glad to answcr questions.

[Question] The Ayatollah Khomcinisaid the other day, and 1 am using his
words,that hedoesn'tbelieveyouhave the guts to usemilitary force.He pub no
credibilityin our military deterrcni. 1am wondcring how do WC get out of this
mess in Iran and still retain crcdibilitvwith our alliesand with our adversaries
overscas?
[Ansizzer]WE have ihefullsupport of our allies,and in thispariicular instance
WC have no advcrsaries overseas.There is no civilizedcountry on earth which
has not condemned thescizureand holdingof hostügcsby Iran. It would not be
advisable forme to explode publicly al1of thc options open to our country.
As 1said carlier,1am dctemined to do Ihe best I can lhrough diplomaiic
meansand through peaccfulmeansto insurethe safetyof our hostagesand their
releasc.Orher actions which I might decide to take would comc in the future
after those peaccfulmeans havc been exbausted. Rut 1belicvcthal the growing
condcmnation of thc world comrnunity on Iran willhave a beneficialeffect.
[Question] Whydid you revcrseyour policyand permit the Shah to corne into
thiscountry when, 1,medicaltreatmcnt wasavailablcelsewhere; 2,you had been
warned by our Chargéthat thc Americansrnight be endangcred in Tehran; and
3, the Biargan govesnrnentwas so shaky that it was questionable whether hc
could cleliveron the promise to proiect oui-crnbassy,and, last of all, inofiew
the consequencesdo you regret thc decision?
[Answer] No, thc decisionthai 1made personally and without pressure froin
anyone to carry out the prinçiplesof our country, to pruvide for the mcans of
givingthe Shah neccssarymedicalassisiance to save his lire,was proper. At the
süme Lime WE notified the Government of Iran. We werc assured by thc Prime
Minister and the Foreign Minister that QUrernbassywould be protccied, and it
was protccted for severaldays in spitc ofkhreatsFromoutside.
Then pcremptorily,after Khomcinimade an aggravalingspecch tothe crowdç
in thc street and withdrew pro~ection frrirn the embassy, il was attacked
succcssîully.Thc ernbassywas protected by our peoplc,for the length of tiine
possible withoui help from the host government. No embassy on carih is a
fortress that Ganwithstand constant attacks by a mob unlessa host government
cornes te the rescue ofthe peoplewithin the embassy.62 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

But I took the righi decisio1have no regrersabout il nor apologiesto make
bccause iidid hclpto savea man's lifcand ilwas compatible with the principles
of our country.
[Quesrion] We appcar to be in a rather dangeraus period of international
tension and volatilily, cspeciallyin the lslamic world, and it cornes at a time
when we arc about to embark on our quadrennial election carnpaign, with al1

that thatwiH bring. Have you givenany thought to whethcr followingcxamples
of ather national emergenciesit rnaybc wiseta try to mute the politicalfülloutor
this by trying to bringopponcrits in and outsideof yourparty into somekind of
emcrgencycoalition for ihis purpose?
[Ariswer] We have attemptcd to keep the political leaders in our nation
infomcd, both publicly and through other channels. Wc have givcn Frequent
briefings,for instance,on the Hill, both to the mc~nbersof thc Senateand to the
House. We havc encouragd al1of thosc who havc becomeannounced candi-
dates for presidentto restrain their commcnts which might be misconstrued
overseasand to havea maximum dcgreeof harmony among those whomighbbe
spoke~menfor our country.
1myçelr,in order to stay close to the scene hcre where constantly changing
evcntscould bc handled by mc as Presidcnt, have clirninatedthc major portion
or political oriented activities.
1don't think the idcntity of thc Islarnicworldafactor. We havc thedeepest
respectand reverenccfor Islam and for al1those wbo share the Moslemfairh. 1
might say that so far as I know, al1or ~hcIslarnic nations havc joined us in
condemningthe activitiesand rhcactions of thc Government of Iran. So 1don't
think reiigiousdivisionsare a factor here at al].
But 1willhave tu continue to restricmy own political activitiesand calon
those who might be opposing me in the futurc for presidcnt io support my
position as PresidcntandLo provide unity for our country and for our nation in
the eyesof those who might he looking Forsomesignof wcaknessor divisionin
order to perpctuate their abusof our hostages,
[Quesnrin] Whst can Ihc United States do nQW,what can it do to prevcnt
futurc incidents ofthc naturofIran? Hçiwcan yausatisfythe publicdemand to
cnd such cmbarrassment'!
[Ans~wrj This is an unprecedentcd and uniquoccurrence. Down lhrough his-
lors, we havc had linicswhen somc oi'our pcople werc captured by tcrrorists
or who were abused, and thcrc have obviously bccn instances of international
kidnapping which occurred Torthe discomfitureof a peoplc or a governmcnt.
So far as I know, this 1s lhc first timc that such an activity has been
encouraged by and supportcd by the govcrnmeni itsclt And 1don't anticipütc
this kind of thing rccurring.
WC have taken stcps already in view of the disiurbances in the Middlc East
and the Persian Gulfregionsto guard our peoplemorc closely, to provide thcm
with a highcr degree of security, and to makc arrangements wich the host
govcrnment tu provide assistarii fciteis nceded inthc fastesl possible way.
Many other natiorls have reducedseverçlythe number of peoplc overseas.1
think that one of thc points that should be made is that a year ago,we bad
70,000Americansin Iran-seventy thousand. There wercliterally thousands of
people who wcre killed in the Iranian revolulion, from al1nations.
It was a superb
We were able to exlract Americans from Iran safely.
demonstra~ion of CO-operationand good conduçt on the part af the State
Department and othcr American officiaisSo, there will be disturbanceinthc
future, but 1 think we are as wcll proiectcd as we possihly can be without
withdrawinginto ashcllFromprotccting Amcricaninlcrcstsin nalions overseas.
My own experiencc, so far hüs been that the leaders of nations have
rccommitled themselves to providc security for embassies ofal1countries. 1
think we have lcarned a lcssonfrom this instance. Butbecauscit isso unique, in the high degree of irrcsponsibilityof the Iranian Covernment leadcrs, 1don't
believcthat we will sce anoiher reoccurrence of it üny timesoon.
/Qucisrion] Former Secretary Kissingerkas criiicizedyour Administration in
handling the situation in Iran. He hüs suggested that ilcarne about because,
partly becauscor the perccivcd weakness inAmericanpolicy and thar you have
rurther damaged Amenca's image as ü result. How do you respond?
[Answer] I would rakhernot respond. There is no reason for mc to get into a
publicdebate at this timewith formerSecretary Kissingerabout whoisor who iç
nol responsible for the evcnls lhat took place in Iran. Obviously what has
occurred cannokhave been predicted.
And, for 30 years, our country has had a relationship with a fairly stable

governmcnt Ihere.The changestook placeveryrapidly. SoTaras 1know, no one
on thiscartk predicted them
And, 1ihink it is not becomingat this momcnt, and not conducive to better
, Amcrican understünding ito get involved in ünswering allegations that 1 or
someoneelscmay have becn culpable and may have causcd a further aggrava-
tion of avcry dificult situation.
[Quesrion] What rolcdid the fermcr Secretaryplayin your decisionto permit
thc Shah to enter the country?
[Answerj None. 1 did not hear at al1Fromthe Secretary, former Secrctary
Kissinger,nor did he contact SecretaryVanceat any time during thc days when
we weredcçidingthat the Shah should corne into thc Uniied States for medical
care to savehis Iife.In previouswccksand months, sincethe Shah was deposed,
Sccretary Kissingerand many others let it bc knoivn that they lhought that we
should provide a haven for the Shah. But Secretary Kissingerplayed no role in
my decision to permit thc Shah to corne in for medical treatment.
[Ques~ion]Speakingof the Shah. if hciswellenough to travel,wouldyou like
him to leavcthe country?
[AnswerJ That is ü decision to bc made by thc Shah, and by his medical
advisers. When he dccided to corne to our country, with my permission, 1 was
informed then, and 1 have been inrormed sincc, khat as soon as his medical
trcatment was succcssrullycornpleted,that hisintention was to leave.1have not
encouragedhim ~oleave.Hcwasïree to corneherefor mcdiçaltreatment, and he
will leavcon his own volition.
[Questiun]. Thc consequenccs of the crisis in Iran are drifting the United
Staies into almosta cold war with theIslamiccounfries. WatchingTV newsfor
25 days, Amerleans soon will believcthe whole Moslcm wotld is hating hirn.
Moreover, they arc not told thatthc Shiitesare veryminor minority among the
population of the Islamic world, becausethe müjorityis Sunni.Don'i yau think
you gct any help from any lslamic countries, and what will your policy be
toward Islarniccountries iindcr thesecircumstances?
[Ansiver] The premise of your question is complercly wtong. We: are not
approaching any sort orcold war with the Islarniccountries. So far as Iknow,
cvery Islamiccountry has condemned Iran for its capturc of our hostages, and
has becn very supportive.
This includes Moslem nations which,in thc pasi, have no2ken closefriends
of ours: Iraq, Ljbya, and others So 1 don't see rhis as a conrrontationat al1
betwccnoui nation and the lslamicworld. It isccrtainly not part of the lslamic
faith tocondone, as 1 said earlicr, Glackmailor the persecution or harm of
innocent peopleor kidnapping or terrorism.
So 1 think that we havc a very good relationship with the peoplc and the
governmentç or the Islarnicworld, and 1don't think it has deterioratcd in this

instance. In somewayswe have kcn drawn closer to thesepeople, bccausethey
seewhat hasoccurrcd iinIran as someihingof a disgracefor thcir ownreligioiis
faith, and they don'tsee this as typical of what Moslems believe.
1 might add also, that this is not typical of the Shiite faith cither. It64 UIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR STAFF

is the misguidcdactions of a few people in Iran who are burning with hatred
and a desire for revenge, completelycontrary Io thc teachings of the Moslcrn
faith.
[Question] There isa feelingof hostility ~hroughoutthc country loward Iran,
because of the hostages. Senator Long said that the taking of our embassy in
Iran, in his words, is anct of war. Thcre are rurnours, sincedcnied, that our
Navy has been called up for scrvice.1ask you,as our Commander in Çhief, is
war possible,is war thinkable?
[Answer] Jt would be a mistakcfor the pcopleorour country lo have araused
within thcm hatred toward anyonc; no1againtitthe peoplc of Iran and certainly
not against Iranians who may be in our country as our guests.We certainly do
not want to bc guilty of thc same violation of human decencyand basic human
principlcs that have proven so cmharrassing to many of the Iranian citizens
themsclvcs.
We obvioiisly prerer to see our hostages protccted and rcleased completely
through peaccful means. That is my dccpest comrnitment, and that will be my
goal. The United States has other options availablc to it which will bc
considcrcd,dependingupon the circumstances.But 1think it would not be well-
advised for me to speak to those spccificallytonight.
[Queytion] WC have had 55,000 Iranian students in this country, WC have

bççn verygoud to them, vcry hospitablc. Even the new Financc Minister of
Saudi Arabia was a studenl who once deinonstrated in Washington againsl law
and ordcr. Shouldn'twe be verycareful in Icttingany of thesesludcnts cornein
herc?Shouldn'Lwescreenthcm in the future, and makethem agrccthat they will
not demonstrate?
/Ansiver] Jtisvcrydificull for an Iranian citizenor a studenl to get a visa at
the AmcricanEmbassyin Iran aittiistimc./Laugiifer]And 1think the influxof
Iranians to Ourcounlry now would be minimal.
1 am detcrmined LQ cnforce the law in regard to Iranian students. Some of
thcm have viohtcd thehw; thcy are now being screcncd,they arc being.asseçscd
in Lhcircornmitmcnt and LheIcgality of thcir presencc here. We have already
finishedLhisprocedure with more than 22,000.About 17,000have provcn to be
hcre cornplctely legally and are indeed full-timc students. Among rhc other
5,900, about scvcral hundrcd have alrcady departcd. Others arc now having to
prcivelhat, corztraryto thc earliestcvidence,thcy do indccd haaeright to be in
our country If thcy are hcrc illegally, they will be expelled. There is one
exceptionto that rule: If a citizen ofIran cari prove thal if he or shcrctLOned
Iran that they wouldbeexccutedor abuscd becauscof their politicalbeliers,thcy
can seekasylum hcrc. And ii"that asylum in our judgincnt isjustificd, we will
provide it for them. Hut this procedure is going forward in accordancc with
Americanlaw, in accordance with Ameriçan fairness,in accordanccwith Lhefull
principlesofthe US Constitution.
[Quesrion] Cün this crisisgo on indefinitelyor ought the Ayatollah Khomcini
to undcrstand that at some point the Amcrican peoplc may dernand and other
nations may cxpectthat you movcforward to rcsolveilby whatevermeans you
find necessary?
[Answer] It wuuld not be possibleor cvcn advisablc for me to sea deadline
about whcnor if 1 would takecertain action in the ruturc. This isan cver-present
consideration on rnyminci.1 am rarrying out al1the duticsthat normally FaIlan
a President'sshoiilder,whichare adcquate, but I neverrorgctone moment thal 1
am awakeabout the hostagcswhoselivcsand whosesafetydcpend on mc,and 1
am pursuing cvcry possible avenue to have the hostages released.
Anyexcessivethrcats or anycxcessfvcbcliefamong the Jranians that the) will
be scvcrely darnügd by military action as long as thesc negotiations are
proceedingand as longas legalitiescan bcfollowed,mightcausethc death of the
hostageswhichwearc commitlcdto avoid. Sothal isone of the questions that 1 DOCUMENTS 65

cannot answer,to sctdown a certain deadlineheyondwhichwewouldtake extra
actson that mighl result in thc harm or the deatof the hostages.
We are proceeding, 1 guarantee you, in every possible way, evcry possible
moment, to get thc hostages frccd and at the sametirneprotact the honour and
the intcgrity and the basic principlcsof our country. Thal is 1can do. Hut 1
am doing it to the best of my ability and 1 bclicvewe wilbc successful.
(Ques!aon]Many Americansviewthe Iranian situation as one ina succession
orevents that proves that this country'spower isdeclining.Wowcan you assure
Americans tonight that our power is not declining abroad and how are you
rcassessingprioriticfor the 1980sin terms of forcign policy?
[Answer] Thc United States kas neither thc ability nor the will to dominatc
the world, tointcrfere in the intcrnal affairsof other nations, to impose our will
on other people whom wedcsire lo be free,to maketheir own decisions.This is
not part of thc cornmitment of the United States.
Dur country is the strongest on earth. We are thc strongest militarily,
politically,econornically,and 1think weare the strongcst morallyand cthically.
Our country has made great stridcs, evensince1have beenin officc1have tried
to correct somc of the defects that did exist. We have strengthenedthe military
alliances of our country, for instance. NATO now has a new spirit, a new
confidcnce,a newcohcsion, improving its rnxlitarycapabilities, much more able
to withstand any threat from thc East, frorn thc Soviet Union or the Warsaw
Pact, than itwas before.
We have espoused again the principles that unitc Americans and make us
admirçd throughout theworld, raisingthe banner of human rights.WC are going
to kccp it high. We have opened upavenues of communication, understanding,
trade with people that formerly wcre our encmics or excludcd us-several
nations in Africa,the vast people and the vast country or the Peoplc'sRepublic
of China. In doing so we have not alienated any of our previous fnends.
1thirikour country issirong withinitsekï.Therc isnot an embarrassrnentnnw
about out Governmenl whichdid exisi in a fewinstancesin years gone by.So 1
don? see at al1that our country has become wcak. We are strong and we arc
getting strongcr, noi weakcr. But if anybody thinks thWC can dorninat~otlier
people withour strength-military or political strength or economicstrcngih-
they arc wrong. That is not the purpose of our country.
Our inner strcngth, aur confidence in oursclves, 1 think, is completely
adequate. 1 believethat the unriythat tlic Arnericanpcople have shown in this
instance, their paticnce, is no1 at al1a sign of weakness. It is a sior sure
strength.
fQue.~tion]Scriouscharges have been placed itgainsthe Shah concerning the
repression of his own pcople and the misappropriation of his naiion's fund1s
thcre an appropriate vehicle to investigate those charges and do you foresee
a time whenyou would direcl your Administration to assist in that invcstiga-
tion?
[Answer] 1 don't know of ang international forum within whichcharges have
everken brought againsi a deposcd leader whohas lcfi hiscountry. There have
bccn instances of changing govcrnmentsdown through the centuries in history,
and 1don'tknowofany instancewhcrcsucha leaderwhoIcrthiscountry üfkr his
government fcll ha$ been tried in an international court or in an international
forum.
This is a matter than can be pursued. 11 should be pursued undcr inier-
national law, and if therrs a claim against the Shah's financialholdings therc
isnothing to prevcnt other partics from goinginto the courts in accordancewith
a law of a nation or internationally and scckinga redress of grievancesivhich
they clairn.
But as I said earlier, 1 don? think thcrc 1sany forum that will listcn to
the Iranians make any sort of claim, justified or not, as long as thcy hold66 DIPLOMATIEAND CONSULAH STAFF

against their will and abuse the hostagcs in complete contravention to cvery
international lawandeverypreccpt or evcrycommitmcntor principleof hurnan-

kind.

Dcccmber 1979.
Burcau of Public Affairs,
Ofice of Public Communication,
Edilorial Division.

T~E WHITE HOUSE STATEME RNYT1.EVICE PRSIDENT 5 DECEIUIB1E 9R79,THE
BKIFFING ROC)M

ViccPresident Mondole:Over the past severalwccks we have been hcaring a
drumfire of propaganda out of Tehran, some of it from pcople calling
theinselves students, somc ofit fro~n the govcrnment-controlled radio and
televisioninIran, and somc of it from various oficials or pcople in authority.
The messageis veryclcar. It saysover and over that the woand the Amcrican
pcopleshould ignorethc hostagcs, forget about the innocent peoplebound hand
and foot,overlook the continucd oulragc to law and standards of human
bchaviour. We are toldto Forgetal1that and Focuson the hakrcd ofone man.
Wearc not going to Forgetand the American peoplcare not goingto gcttheir
priorities confuçed.How are our hostages bcing treatçd?The racts are there for
al1to see,and the simplcfactis th50 human beingsarc beingheldin inhuman
conditions, contrary ~oal1civilizedstandards, in order to prove a politicalpoint.
They are not pcrmitted rcgular visiiors. They arc isoIated and notallowed Lo
speakcxcept totheir caplors. As rar as we know,the hostages have not been
allowed to receivc mail Qr messages. There kas never bccn a systematic
accounting of the nurnbcrs and wclfare of the hostagcs.
Tbc so-called"studenu" have not permitted any outsidc observerscvcnto see
these pcople for ecndays. They are refusing to let international organjzations

organizatioi~s.They rcfuse reprcscntatives of neutral States Evcn prisoncrs of
war are guaranteed certain standards of human treattncnt. But thcsc standards
are being dragged in the dirt cvery day by a group of kidnüpyers with the
acquiescenccof the govcrnrnenl.

WC are hearing dally propaganda about the allcged crimes oour pcaple in
Tehran, most of whom volunleercd to servc their country at ü difficull and
dangerous timc. We are not and willnot respond to lhat propaganda. I would
note ihat one of Lhoscbeing hcld as a so-called "spy"in Tehran is in fact a
private Americnn citizen who sirnpIyhappencd to k visiting the einbassy on
business at theinic of the atiack 4nNovembcr. It was many days bcfore we
evcnlearned, indirectly, thatwas king held.That man, Iikethc rcst, has now
been hcld for31 days, titd up, denied contact with hiç hmily, denied exercise,
denied acccsseven tolthe comfort of religion.
We hear a great deal about Lhccrimes of the Shah, but that is not the issue.
Thc issue whichdisturbs the Arnericanpeoplcis rhat 50ofour fellowcitizen5are
being abuscd in violation of intcrnational lüw. Thesc are our brothers and
sislçrs.
Yestcrday the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution which
called as thc first rnost important priorily, as it çhould, for thc release of the
American hostages.That isthe issue. It isthc only issuc,wedare not goingto
forget they musi be sct free.68 DIP1,OMATIC AND CONSULAR STAFF

Dr. Bcheshticontinued his rcmarks by adding: It is as if Amcrica and other
world powcrs anly know the language of diplomacy and have not yet become
acquainted with the languageof rcvolution. But our nation has becomeFamiliar
with this language thanks tothe rcvolution and understands the mcaning of
every word in the context of thrs revolution.
Whilcweacccptthat a country'sernbassyand nationals should enjoysecurity,
and whilethe lawof Islamguarantees such security,we seelhat the languageof
the revolution is an upright, clear and cxpressivelanguage. (?It ought to) be
added: EfArnericahas not yellcarned the languageof the Iranian revolution and
cannot understand it, then it would be wcll for it to corne to its senses and
understand it.
America should have known at the time it admitted the deposed Shah as a
patient that doing so would be foliowedby difficultconsequences.Dr. Beheshti
addressedAmcricaand said: Are yolistill unableto undcrstand ehatthe deposcd
Shah is the bloodthirsty enemyof the pcopleand should be handed over to the
RevoIutionCourt? Hcnce,the country's youthsare Forcedto talk to you in this
way; 1 hopc that you will learn to listen as a result of this issue, so tOUT
youths no longer wiI1use rhis method to speak to you.
Dr. Rehcshtiadded: The humanitarian duty ofAmerica,ifil recognizesthis, is
to hand over this enemy of the people to the Islamic Revolution Court and
create no morc lieadaches for itselt

3. Qom SerninaryStatcment
LD041902Tehian DomesticScrvicein Pcrsian, 1630GMT,'4 Nov. 79 LD.
[Statement issued 4 November by the Qom religious seminaty-read by
announcer.]
[Text]In thc name oîGod the compassionsic, the merciful:America,deafh to
your intrigue, thc blood of our martyrs drips tbrough your claws. Death to the
corrupt trio-Carter, As-Sadat and Beginand hundrcds of olher slogansagüinst
Itmcrica, the leadersof Amerzcaand its associates.This is the thundcring cry of
the nation against America. This has ken and conlinucs to be the anli-
imperialist roar of the opprcssed peoplc ofIran in al1its marches. This is the
anger of thc rn»thers, faihcrs, brothcrs ansistcrwho havc been lhe targct or
the hailofbulletscoming from lheShah and Carter, Thisisthepoliticalposilion
of tbc nation.This is the Iincthat the Imam hasset out When the idol-smdshing
Khomeini crics out dccisivelyand fearlesslythat it is the duty of the valiant
nation ta prevcnt US and lsraeli interests bcing pursued in Iran, and to attack
them, evcn if Lhisaction leads to their destruction. Again the Imam crics out:
Thc world must know that whaievcr probicms the Iranian nation and Muslim
nations face ernanate from foreigners, particularly from America. Again the
Imam roars that yesterday,thc Muslimnations wcre inthe grip of Britainand its
agents, and thattoday they arein the grip of Amtricü and ils associates.
Andhe cries:A11our problems stem from Amcrica whichstrenghhenZionism,
enahlingit to massacreour brothers in thcrr multitudes.Again the Imam warns:

It is Arnericathat regards Islamand the glorious Koran as harmful to itand is
trying to eliminateit. The Imam has also said: Whai do we want with relations
with Arnerica. On yet another occasion, hc said painfully: Relations betwcen
Iran and Arncrica are akin to relations betwcen a lamb and a wolf. On yct
anolhcr occasion, he said: Our nation has tested the bitter experience of
domination by foreigncrsand oil-plundering free-loaders,particularly those of
America. On yet anothcr occasion, the Imam cried: lct us unite and çut off the
leftistand rightist hands, led by America.Again he cricsthat the lranian nation
should fearlesslystand against ils cnemies, particularly Arnerica and interna-
tionalZionism. Yet anothcr cry: Jranian nation, do not submit to injustice and
exposc with awarcness the cvil plots of international world-devourers, led by DOCUMENTS 69

Amcrica. Yet anothcr çry is that today Muslim African countrtes arc sutTering
under the yokc ofAmerica and oiher foreigncrs and their lackcys.
TheImam again roars thai, generally,today the worldof Islamisinthc grip of
Amcriça.Andyetagainhecriesthat it islhedutyofthcsiudentsand thoseseeking
religiousknowledge ioincrease theirattacksagainst Amcrica and lsracl with ihe
utmost strength and to forceAmerica ta extraditethis cr~minaland ousted Shah.
And therearc hundreds upon hundreds ofothcr suchattacks, and yet thousands
moreattacks which in thcinsclvesconstitutca hugevolumcof writing.Thisisihe
positionof thenation andthat ofrhclcaderofthenationin the faceof~henaiion's
unqiicstionableenemy.Suddenlyonc hears out of the blue that thcrc has been a
mectingwith Brzezinskl,Carter's assislant for national securityaihirs. Then we
discoverthat thismcctingtook placcwithout the Imam'spermissionand that two
policieshaveerncrgcd:The policyof Americaand the policy of rclcntlessenmity
toward Arncrica, whichclarifiesthe perspectiveorthe Imam'sforeignpolicyand
which proniptsthe sinccrc alliesofthc Imam totake ovcr thespynestof America
and makc al1itsoccupanls surrender,and provethat suchmeetingscan inno way
diminish,cvenby an iota, thenatron'srevolutionaryrancor and angcr and that of
the leadertoward America.
Thc Qom rsl~giousscminary expresscsdisapproval OF lhis meeting and, wiih
al1its force, strongly supports thc Msslirn brothcrs and sisters Followingihe
Imam's policy, who declarcd io the whole world, by their occupalion of this
(?CM), the protest of aYILhosewho support the Imam's policy.
/Signedl The religiousseminary of Qom.

4. Rcvolutinn CouncilAssumesGovernment Funclions

LI3062314Tehran Domestic Scrvicein Persian, 0030GMT, 4 Nov. 79 LD.
[7 Novembcr statement by the RevvlutionCouncil of the IslamicRepublic of
Iran-read by announcer.]
[Text]Dear strugglingnation of Iran: Thc Rcvolution Councilof the Tslamic
Republicof Iran, dictated by the necessityof thisphase in your great revolution,
O heroicnation. and aithe bchest ofthe Imam, has shouldcrcda heaviertask in
the continuation of thc rcvoluti~n and in administering thecountry's affairs.
Thecouncil,withdivincsupportand with thehacking,confidenceand trust of
thc overwhelmingmajorityof thc Iranian nation, has acceptedthis heavyburden
and, in step with the nation, has accepted thc Imam'scommand.
During the limited timc ilhas been given ta take ovcr the administration of
affairs,the council is delerrninedto carry out thc Followingmeasurcs:
1.Ta carry out a refercndumon lhe constitutionthe electionof the rnernbers
of thc National Consullative Asscmblyand thc prcsidency.
2.To make increasing use of elemcnts faithful to the revolution, and
pasticularlyof the vast forceof the younger generation,who by their revolution-
ary sincerityand the~rbloody jihad and self-sacrificein bringing the struggle to
rruition haveplayed their worihy role, so that they may ÇQ-operatein adminis-
tering the country's affairs,turning the wheelsof the realm and bringing about
fundamental cconomicand social changes.
3.To purge establishmentsand ministriesof rottcn and subservientelements
until stability isreached, in order to set up an administrative sysiemsuitable to
the rcvolution.
4. To work and carry out thc appropriate crüsh programmes for the irnprovc-
ment of the lifc ui"the deprivcd with theassisranceof the pcople.

5. Khomcini'sSon Arrives

LD050842 Tehran DomesticServiccIn Persian, 0830 GMT, 5 Nov. 74 LD.
ITcxl]Followingiheinvitation extendedby the student Followcrsof the Imam
to SeyyedAhmadKhomeini[Khometni'sson]to investigatethe situation in the79 DIPLOMAITCAND CONSULAK STAFF

US Embassy in Tehran, he has jus1arrived inTehran in order togo to the US
Ernbassy.
Tubrizsrudenrsnccupyconsulute,dernandbreukwith US.

LD051142Tehran Domcstic Servicein Persian, 1030GMT, 5 Nov. 79 Ln.
[Excerpt]The central ncws bureau rcports thal thc US Consulatc building in
Shiraa wasoccupied thismorning by the young people,accordingto thc Imam's
policy,Thc Revolution Guards Corps of Fars Province cxpressedits support for
the action and announced that they would always striveto carry out the
commands of his cminence,the Imam Khomcini. Similarlythc ES Consulatc in
Tabriz was occupied by Student Followers of ihe Imam'sPalicy.Hcreis a report
from our correspondent:
Followingthe occupation of the US Embassyin Iran by Studcnt Followersof
the Imam'sPolicy,af I0.30 this morning the US Consulate building in Tabriz
was occupied by Muslimstudcnts. The same group Casheard] ihen marched
[rom thc consulate building to Tabriz University. A statement issued by thc
Muslirn Studcnt Association of the University or Tübriz says in part: While
supporting the rcvolutionary move to occupy the US Embassy-this nest of
spics and criminals-and in compliance with Imam Khomeini's revolutionary
demand, weshalI,havingoccupiedthc USConsulatc, march to thcUniversityof
Tabriz. Thc statement continues: WC cal1 upon linam Khomcini, in the
irnplemcntation of his dcmand and that of the Irünian people rclating to thc
destruction and eliminakionof imperialisrn,to continuc to remain dcçisiveand

uncompromising.We cal1upon the hetoic pcople of Irantosupport and assistus
in this matrer.WC demand:
1.Abrogation of al1military and oil agreements with imperialish;
2. Confiscationof assctsand capital associaied with imperialistsin Iran the
interest of thc oppressed pcople of Iran;
3. Expulsion of al1 CIA officers in Iran and [words indistinct] and al1 its
documents;
4. A complctc break in relations between Iran and the United States until the
dcliveryof the trcacherous Shah to Iran.

6. Student Interviewed
Li3030612 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian, 0015 GMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
[Unidentifiedcorrespondent'sinterviewwithunidentifiedstudent whopartici-
pated in occupation of US Embassy in Tehran-recorded.]
[Excerpt] {(?ucsK~o~D] ear listeners, now it is01.39Qn3 November and Iam
hcrcwith one of the students whozittemptedihis revolutionaryact and occupied
the US Embassy.
In conne~tionwith this issuc,we thought it useful io discusssomepoints with
him about the lime whcn first Pheythought afthis action, what was the cause
and how havc theyexecutedthcir plans up to nowand what istheir general aim
in this operation?
[An~iver] Basically,in connectien with this planitshould bc explained that
recenttvcnts inour socictyhave caused us to feellhat the main direction ofthe
revolution is bcinglost and thc movement is being diverted to other channels,
espcciallyinconncction with reccnt eventsin a society which shows tracesof US

interfcrcnce. Documents discovered after we took over the ernbassy, which our
friends have studied, confirm this füct, the most important point king thc
Shah's trip to the United States and America's disregard Tor the crimes
cammittcd by the Shah in Iran, not taking any noticc of the revolution in lran
and accepting the Shah. The need Lo do something was felt more than evcr,
which is quitc cvidentinthe spcechesof thc Imam in thepast weekor couple of
wceks. The Imam during this period has talked Io al1those received by him DOCUMENTS 71

about thc prohlcm or America. In his last message on thc occasion of 4
Novcrnber he addressed a message to students and al1thc stravaof the people,
especiallypupils, studcnts and iheological studcnts, and askedthem to cxtcnd
and strcngthcn therratiacks againsttlic United States.That waswhythe Muslirn
studeni believerin thcway or the Imam dccidçd,with regardto atl the abovcto
takc ürevolutionary step in thc righi channel, thaï isto say againstAmericaand
itsinterestsand in thc intcrcstsof the oppressmasses or society.Thus thc nccd
to do something wasEellsimultaneouslyin twu universities,and studcnts [rom
severalFaculticsagrcedon the plan to occupy theUS Ernbassyand takc the staff
of the.ernbassy ashostage. They workcd on Lhisplan Forabout tcn days and
decidcd that thebest and most appropriate day Torit was 4 Novcmber on the
occasion of the Imam'sexilefrom lran and the mass slaughtcr or 4 November
last ycar whichmarked the bcgianing or the military rulc ofthe Shah
This washowthe plan wasmade. At about 10.30thc dcmonstrators started to
march along thc cast wingof the embassyand about 10.45entered the crnbassy.
After somc rcsis~ance[rom inside tlic crnbassy by Fessons not willing to
surrcndcr-mainly because thcy wünled Lodestroy d~cumcnts and ihey even
thrcw several lear gas bombs-at about 12.30 to 13.00 the embassy was
çompleiely occupicd by my rriends. The pcrsons who had been arrested wcrc
takcn toa safeplaceand are bcing kcpttliere. What isimportant at thisjuncture
isthat in theembassy'sbuildingNo. 1,whiçhrsinthe soulh wingof the embassy,
my friends Eounda door, a vaulted door, whiçh they could not opcn. About 90
minutes Ilitcr,lhedoor wasopencd and severalpeople surrendcrcd.The door led
to four or Lverooms whcrc cornputer documents and tapcs wcre bundled. The
staff had destroycd as many of the documents as possible. We were vcry
interested in having these documents bccause we might have been ablc to
discloscsomcof thecrimescommittcdby America inIran and othcr çountries in
the rcgion. Then they took al1thc hostages to a safe placc in thc embassy, and
thcyarc aIIsaFe.About nincto tcn svalementshave beeniçsucdwhich have been
given 10 the radio. Al1mattcrs pertaining to pcrsons taken hoslage and the
rcasons Torthe action hüvcbeenexplained. Youçün obtain them fromthe tiews
unit and broadcast it Torthe listenersoutsidc the country.
[Question] Would you tell us how many people you have takcn hostage and
how many of you attemptcd this acLion7
[Ansiver] The number or rny friends who stiirted the attack-1 should
mention that my Friendsentered thc crnbassy as demonstrators and not îor a
military takeover,iiwasa politicalmatler from the bcginning.Ofcourse, atthe
beginningthcy had the ideathat thcy should stageit as a rnilitaryoperation, but
thcn theyihought it bcttcr lo enler anpolitical fashion and thengo on from
there.
This needed a large forccand in lheory they had rnobilizedabout 500 to 600
universitystudcnis. The hostagesnumbcr übuut 100,some are Iranians who arc:
king intcrrogatcd [words indistinct]and about 70 ta 80 of them arc foreigners
with 60 to 65 beingAmcriçans.The important personnel are al1thereexcept For
thechargé:d'affairesIIisprobable that thechargi:d'affaireswillk askcd tojoin
the orhcrs as well.
[Qucs~fon] Hnvc you decided whai to do during the next few days, bccause
obviouslyyou haveforeseenwhat thcir rçactionswillbeand what your reactions
will be to that, and how Fdrare you prepared to go? Has your aim been as a
whole a sort of exposition, and do you intcnd to achieve a result from your
action?
[Answerj In addition to an exposition,we awaita result as wcll.With regard
toour ncxl steps,it isnot wcwhowiildecide,ihis isa dccisionlo be taken by the
pcoplt and the mosi important reason for this isthüt now, abouF3 io 14hours
afier the occupation of the emhassy, WC scc that more than one-third of the

country has announcecisupport for us, Fromdiperent parties and cvcn different72 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULARSTAFF

Iittlc villagesand iowns. WC have received telegrams from them, andwe have
given thcsc to thc radias well,That is why this is a matter for thc people to
decide.11 1snot us who will decideit1sthe pçople who willdecide. WC do not
impose any limitations on this; it will continue and wc have already preparcd
plans for any eventuality.But whereverthe action leads to, the finaldecisionivill
be with the people.Pcoplcshould decidewhai to do with them, whether to kccp
them until the Shah relurns or whether to let them go, or whatever they like,
whether there should be an cmbassy or not will depcnd on them.

7. Guards Commander on Takeover

LI3050251Tehran Domcstic Servicein Persian, 0030 GMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
[Mcssagefrom the commander of the corps of Islamic Revolution Guards,
Hoiai 01-Eslam Lahuti, to Muslim studcnts who have occupicd the US
Ernbassy-read by announcer.]
[Tcxt]In the name or God, thc cornpassionaie, thc mcrciful, His Eminence
Hojjat 01-EsYamMusavi (Khoie), QUrMuslim student brothers: At this point
when you have bravely takcn a strong and God-loving step and have occupicd
the US Ernbassy, that enemy of the oppressed nations of the world and
espcciallythe brave peopleor Iran, 1am verysorry not ta bc üblc to take part in
YQUg ratherlng bccauseof illnessand having to receiveirealment in thc hospital.
Therefore? 1wish to announce hereby to you dcar ones, who have thc hcarty
support of the nation of Iran who assist you in your rcvolutionary rnovemcnt,
that the corps of the Revolution Guards are ready ta scrve you with al1thcir
forcc and might and, holding thcir livesin their hands, arc prepared to shed to
the lastdrop of their blood anto undertake your protection to the last state or
victory.
Dear brothers, all thc Revolution Guards, one by one, regret and scvcrcly
condcmn the meeting betweensome of the officiaisand Brzczinski.In order to
clarifyto the public opinion, we announce that this meeling was conducted
without the knowledgc or consent or the Imam. Al1discussionscarried ou2 at
thismccting are condemned by Our nation. The corps of Revolution Guards
generally, only support revo1utionary movements rollowing the Imam and
condemn any counter-revolutionary rnovcments insideor outsidc the country,
and willcrush thcm.

8. Public Prosecutor Statement
LI305025 Tchran Domestic Servicein Pcrsian, 0030 GMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
[Statementby thecentral officeof the publicprosecutor-read by announccr.]
[Text]In the name of God, the compassionate, the merciful. Greetings to the
fightingand bravc Muslimnation of Iran. Grcctings to the students and studcnts
of theology and congraiulaiions to the religioussiudents who haveannounced
their solidarity withother universiiy sludents. The staff of the central oficc of
the public prosecutor of the lslamic revolution, Lhercscürch staff and the
judiciary announce their support for the Muslim fighting students who have
occupicd the US Embassy in order to make the United States extradite the
deposed, traitorous Shah to bring him to thc Islarniccourt of justicc.

9. Fraise for ErnbassyScizure

LI3050708Tchran Domestic Servicein Persian, 0645 GMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
[Text]Dear listencrs,you know thal Arnerica, this enemyof al1Lhcoppressed
people of Iheworld, cvcryday and everyminute hatches plotsand conspiracies
in differenlcorners of thc world, and especiallyin our dear country, Iran. Our
bIoody revolution, which blcsscdby the blood-staincd bodiesof 60,000martyrs
isblossoming,has dealtthe biggcst blow tothis world domineeringsuperpower. DOCUMENTS 73

The act of tlic dear students, followers of the Imüm's way, has lighted new
sparks of hope in the hcarts of our oppressed and revolutionary nation.
From this hour, in order to air the reflectionson this rcvolutioact,which
is about Loroot out the domination of imperialisrnfrom this dear soil, we will
inform you of mcssiigcsand reports about this act. McanwhileWC willbring the
voiçe or our nation's Imam Khorncini to your ears, greetings to the Imam,
greetings to the dçür students and greetingsto you Muslim pcoplc of Iran.

IO.Rhomeini Representajivc'sRcmarks

!.,DO50806 Tehran Domestic Scrviccin Persian,0730GMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
["Text" or messagefrom HisGreat EmincnceAyatollah HajSeyyedAholfazl
Kliansari, Imam Khomeini'srcprcscntaiive, to the US Embassy-rcad by
announcer.]
[Text]The Soviet Union is worse than America, Amerlca is worsc thün the
Soviet Union and Britain is worse than both. al1arc more cvil ihan the others.
However, at prescnt WC are irapped by ev~lAmerica. This was Khomeini's
rcrnürk in 1963.The direction taken by thc student followers oftheimam is
cxtremely praiseworthy. The harbouring of the deposed Shah and the plots
hatched agüinst Iran, especiallycarried out in dear Kordcslan, prove the point
thütWC must uproot the rotten roots of this world imperialistand ihrow themin
history'sgarbage can.
1,on my own as wcllas on bchalf of the people of Arak, praisc this act and
express my support for this revolutionaryact.

11.Yazdf Gomments

LD052255 Tchran DomesticService inPersian, 2030 CMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
[Tcxt] Dr. Ebrahim Yazdi, Minister for Forcign Affairs of the lslamic
Rcpublic of Iran, Lodayin a press interviewattcndcd by a number of local
corrcspondents explained the view of the Govcrnment and the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs concerning the occupation of the US Ernbassy in Tehran.
Conccrning thc Shah'svisit to America, Dr. Yazdi said:
The US chargi d'affaires had informed Iran's prime ministcr that thc Shah
had dccidcd to travel tu America due ta serious iilncss,and ihal Arnerica had
agrçedto this trip on humanitarian grounds. In thc samemeeting,the USchargé
d'affaireshadconfesscdthat thisaction mayno1passwithout havingsomccffect
on relations betwecn Iran andAmerica. Yazdi added: Erom the beginning, the
Iranian Governmeni expressed its serious opposition to the Shah's irip io
America
The Foreign Ministcrof Iran then referredtothe subscqucntcvcnts,and said:
Twcnty-Tourhours after ihe first meeting ofthc US char@ d'affairesand Mr.
Bmargan, the US Embüssydciivereda report concerning thearriva1of'thcShah
to Amcrica, and once again the Iranian Governmcnt strongly protested.
Following this, the Ministry of Foreign Afdirs requested that Iwo Iranian
physiciansbc nllowcdto go to investigatethe truth concerningthe Shah'sillncss,
a rcqucst which was initially accepted. Howcvcr, thcsc two doctors were
prevented fiom visiting the Shah to carry out a medicalexawination.
On 30 Octobcr the Ministry ofForeign Affairssent anothcr protesr to the US
Govcrnment, rejecting itsexcuses for adtnitting thc Shah and Torrailing to
rcturn him and his wifeio Iran.
The Minister for Forcign Afairs addrd: During the tri1 made to the States
in order to takc part in thc United Nations General AssernbEysession, 1 nict
Cyrus Vnncc and talked to him concerning the extradition of the guilty
individuals who had taken refuge in America. Thc US Foreign Secretary

promiscd that if hereceiveda Iist of the guilty indjviduals with the verdicts by74 DlPLOMATIC AND MNSIJLAR STAFF

American courts, he would takc stcps to extradite the guilty individuals. The
Ministcr for Foreign Affairs said: For instance, WC fosmally requestedfrom
America the extradition of BrigadierGeneral (Razmi) who wüs rcsponsiblefor
thefirein the RexCinemain Abadan, who travelled to the United States under a
false name and îorged passport, and whose address we have obtained. The
Ministry or Foreign AEairs has also acted through the international police,
INTERPOL, Torthe arrest and cxtrüdition of BrigadierGeneral (Rami).
Mr. Yazdi çaid:On the samedate, 30 Octobcr, that we submitted a request to
thc US Governrnent for the extradition of thc Shah and his wifeand al1his
property, wealso senta note to Spain requcsting thern to return tproperiyof
the formcr Shah in those countries. MT.Yazdi cmphasizcd: Despite al1these
steps by the lranian Government, the United States did not give a positive
response, and now whatever is bang said about the neglectîulness of thc
government is very unjusi and unfair.
Conwrning the occupation of the US Embassy, MF.Yazdi said: Although
accordingto international rcgulationsthe Iranian Government isduty bound to
safeguard the lire and property of forcign nationals, and allhough WC as a
government express regretsand willtry to solvcthe problem in a peacefulway,
nevcrthclcss,the responsibility for this incident lics with the US Government,

because it did not püy üny attentionitthe notes concerning the extradition of
the Shah and his wifcand the returning of bisproperty and, conscqucntly, the
people showed such a reaction. Yazdi added: The actionofthe students cnjoys
the endorsement and the support of'the government, because America herseIris
rcsponsiblefor this incident.
In response to another question, Mr. Yazdi said that he has received
assurances from the students who have occupiedthc US Embassy that the Iives
of thehostages are not in danger.

12.Khorncini on Occupation

LD051232Tehran Domcstic Servicein Persian, 1030 GMT, 5 Nov. 79 LD.
[Excerpts]Today the employeesof the lran Ccntral Insurance Company wcrc
reveivedby Imam Khomeini in Qom. The Imam madc somc remarks and then
said:[reüd by announccr]
In ihis sevolution, the big SatanisAmerica, which isclamouring to garher
othcr Satans around it; this includes both the Satans inside and ouisidIran.
You know that during the rule of thcsc two devils[presurnablythe Shah and his
father],whose rule was incontraventionof the liiw,Iran was in turn enslaved by
Britain and then Arncriça. This great Satan-America-is clamouring and
gathering around it other Satans bçcaiise its hand has been cut of from our
resourccs. It is afraid thisamputation may bccomcpermanent. Therefore, it is
plotting.
As for that centre [the US Embassy] occupiedby our young men, 1have bçen
inforrned that it has beena lair of cspionage and plotting. America cxpccts to
take the Shah there, engagein plots, create a basein Irantheseplots, and our
young people are expectedsimply to rcmüin idle and witness al1these ihings.
Thc rottcn roots have become active, hopmg we would mediate and tell the
young peoplc ie Iczivethis place. Our young peoplc rcsorted to this action
beause they saw tbat the Shah was allowed in Arnerica.
America expects our nation, Ouryoung people, our universityand our young
religieuxpeople to sit idle and seethe blood of the nearly 100,000martyrs shcd
in vüin.Obviously,had it not been for the plots, sabotage and al1these corrupl
ücts,everyone could have remained hcrc in freedom. However, when we CC
plots, our young peoplecannot waitand seethcir country return to the past and
cvcrythinggo with the wind.Our young peoplc must foi1al1these plots with al1
their might. TodayWC cannot sirnplyremain idle and watch things;today wearefacing underground treason, treason dcv~scdin these sümeembassics,mainly by
the grrat Salan, Amcriça. They muszbear in mind ihat Iran isstill in a state of
rcvoluiion; a rcv~lution grcatcr than thc first one. Thcy mwst be put in iheir
place and rcturn this criminal to us as soon as possible.
As for that çriminal, Bakhtiar, Britüin must return him. Britain cannot
conti~iueto keep Bakhtiar nn order to devisc plots: Thc British Govcrnment
should not arrcst our young pcople because they have staged demonstrations
ügainst the dcposed Shah or the criminal Bakhtiar. If theydo not give up thesc
criminals, if they do not return thcm to us or, at lcast expel them from thcir
countries,then we shüll do whatevcr 1snecessary.

13. Lettcr or Resignation

LD061020Tehran Domestic Servicein Pcrsian, 0930 GMT, 6 Nov. 79 LD.
[Tcxtof letter or resignation [romPrimc Minister Mchdi Razargan-rtad by
announcer.]
[Text] In thcname of God, the compassionate, thc merciful:to the esteemed
person of i-iisGreat Eminence Ayatollah, Imam, Ruhollah Mosavi Khomeini,
may your blessirigscontmue: With thegreatcst of respect, thisis lo state humbly
that in pursuancc or frequent cxplanations offcredin thc pas1and in vicwof the
facl that intcrfcrences, instancof crcating obstaclcs, instances of opposition
and instances ordifferences of viewshave forsomctime nowmadc il impossi'blc
for me and my collcaguesto carry out the dutits assigned and to caniinut to
shoulder respansibility, and in view of the ïactthat in crucial and historic
conditions the salvation of the country and bringing the revotution ~tofruition
cannot be achicved without unity of cxpression and unity of management, 1
hereby tender my resignation so that al1the afairs may be brought under the
command of the lcadership in any manncr deemed appropriate or thai
voluntccrs, among whom therc is CO-ordination,rnay k assigned to form a
govcrnment. With humble expressions of grcetings and prayers for success.
[Signedl Mehdi Bazargan. [Dütçd] 5 Novcmber 1979.

14. Khomeini Accepts Bazargan Kesignation, Delegatea Power

LD061003Tehran Domestic Serviccin Persian, 0930 GMT, 6 Nov. 79 LD.
["Command" issucdby Imam Khomeini to the Revolution Council-read by
announcer.]
[Text] In the nameof Cod, thecompassionate,thc merciful.To the Council of
the Revolution of ihc Islamiç Republic of Iran: Çincc 1-11Excellency Mehdi
Bazargan, having given his rcasons, resigncd the post of prime ministcr on 5
Novembcr 1979,whilc cxpressing apprcciation for his exhaustive efforts and
serviccsduring the pericrdOF transition and having confidencc in his religious
devotion,trustworthiness andgood will, have acceptcdthe resignation. 1assign
the Rcvolution Council tu considcr and manage the afairs of thc country in a
pcriod of transition, and to cürry oui the followingwithoutdelay:

1. to prepare thc preliminnricsfor a refcrcndum for thc constitution;
2. to prcpare the prcliininaries for the elections aoNational Consultative
Asscmbl y; and
3. to preparc ~hepreliminaries Torchoosing a pres~dent.
It should be notcd that, with reliançe upon almigh~yCod and confidencein
the power of thc exalted nation, il is csçential that the affairs assigned,
particularlythose which concern thc purging of thc adrninistrativc apparatus
and welfareof the lowly classesof our people, bc carried out ia decisiveand
revolwtionarymanncr.
[Datcd]6 Novembcr 1979. [Signedl Ruhollah Mosavi Khomeini.76 DlPLOMATlC AND CONSULARSTAFF

15. Studcnts Threaten To Kill US Embassy Hostagcs
LD061742 Tehran Domestic Servicein Persian, 171 0GMT, 6 Nov. 79 1-13.
[Statcment No. 15 of the Student Followers of the Imam's Policy-read by
announccr ]
[Text]ln the name of Cod, the compassionate, the merciful:O Muslimnation
of Iran, until a final outcome is reached, thc US centre of plots and espionage
will remain undcr Our occuuation. and we wiI1stronnly and solidlv hold Our
positions. ThcUS mercenaries and spies, who are hoGigcs, are bei& watçhed

most closely.
With you as witness, O nation, we sharply warn the criminal Un~tedStatcs
and its damestic agents to &iveup thcir futile attempts. And should the United
States and itsateful agentsin Iran resort to the least çonspiratorial movement,
miIilary or otherwise, to rclcasethe hoslagcs, al1the hostnges beldcstroyed
and the responsibility for this will lie directly with the US Govcrnment.
[Signedl The Muslim Studenr Followers of the Imam's Policy.

16.Clcrgy Supporl for Takeover
GF070516 Shiraz DorncsticServicein P~rsian,1500GMT, 6 Nov. 79 CF.
[Text] Eollowing thedelaration of affinity with, support for, and approval
of the revolutionary action by Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's
Policy regarding the occupation of the US Embassy, oncc again messages

and announcemcnts were reccivcd today at Shiraz Radio From variouç
groups.
Also, His Exçcllcncy Haj Seyycd Ahdolhoscin Dastgheyb hüs issued an
announcemene with regardto the admirable and courageous act of the Student
Followers of the Imam's Policy.The tcxt of his announcement follows:
In thc name of God ~hcmercifuland compassionate: It has becomc known to
al1brave and struggIingpeoplc of Iran that the only way for the countrto be
rcscued and salvagcd from the evils of imperialism and Zionism and the only
way toward the liberation and happincss of the nation is through ohdience to
hisexalied cminenceHis ExccllcncyImam Khomeini.The Imam has repeatcdiy
declared the Unitcd Statesiobc Iran's mosi stubborn and hardhcaded enemy,
and has heen asking for continuous struggleagainst US plots and conspiracics.
But thc United Siaieçlias not givenup its conspiracicsagainstout-rcwolu~ion,
and it has, in fact, recentlyprovidcd shelter for the deposed Shah. It is acting as
hi5host by completelyignoring the Iraniün nation's dcrnand for his cxtradition
to Iran.
Apparently, itdocs not consider thc Iranians to bc human beings.Otherwise,
oui ofits so-calledsenseof hurnanity-which it clairnsto have-it could provide
rclicf ta lhousands of bereavcd fathers and mothers by delivering to them the
murdercr Shah-the bloodthirsty criminal. The Unitcd States considers only
Mahammad Reza, its hireling, to be a human being and shelters him for
humanitarian reasons!
Inasmuch as our bclovcd students and bravc hilusl~rnsexhaustcd their
tolerance and patience, îollowing the policiesof the Imam, they look over the
ccntres or plots and espionagc-the US Embassy in Tehran and US Consulates
in Shiraz and Tahriz-and are holding its employeesas hostages. This courü-
geous and God-Ioving action by you, the beloved youth, 1sappreciated and
supportcd by the entirc nation.
1pray and wishforyour successand for solidarityof theentirenation witlithe
Imam and for the abjcctncssand perdition of imperialism.Greetings upon alof
you and upon al1decenl subjects of God.
[Dated] 6 November 1979.
[S&ed] ScyyyedAhdolhuscin Dastgheyb. DOC1lMENTS 77

17."Announcement" fromShiraz

GF070526 Shiraz Domestic Scrvicein Persian, 1500GMT, 6 Nov. 79 GF.
~Announçement" issucdby the Corps orRevolutionGuards and studcnts in
çonlrol of thc US Cansulatc in Shiraz on thc "Takeover of thc US espionagc
ncst inShiraz3'-rcnd by announccr.]
[Text] Following the tekcover of the US Consulate in Shiraz and the
announcement of this action by various news media, we have been so over-
whclmcdand touchcd by expressionsofafinity and CO-operaiionfrom students,
officeworkers, various institutions and ail the noble and brave pcoplc of Shiraz
who. as in the past, did not hesiiatcto giveiheir livcwetdecidcdto express
our gratitudeand appreciation. We hereby announce that giving our lvvesand
property for thc noble and unitcd peop1s an unworthy contribution whichWC
nonethelesshope willbe acccpkd. We hopc to God for spccdy destruction and
perdition ofcriminal supcrpowers,especiallyworld-eating irnpcrialists.
[Signedl Corps of guürdsmen and studcnis statinned at the US Consulatc.

18. Khomeini Tells Uoulhs to Leavc Iraqi Consulatc

LI3061856Tehran DomestrcServiccin Persian, 1630GMT, h Nov. 79 Ln.
[Text]AccordingLoreports rcccivcdfrom Kermanshah the your~gpeoplewho
occupied the lraqi Consulatc this morning lcft theconsulate building at 1700.
On the basis of the samc rcpori, ai 1600today Hojjat 01-EslamHajj Shaykh
Raha'eddin 'Eraqi, togcthcr with Hojjat 01-EslamZarandi had talks with thc
young people who had oçcupied thc Iraqî Consulatc, and the young people
announced: We will foliowinstructions [rom the officcor ihe Imam.
On Ihebasisof this, the ofticcof the Imam Khonicini, the leOFethe Islamic
rcvolution of Iran, wasequested by iclcphone to dccideon the mattcr and the
officcor Lheleaderof Islamic revolutionof Iran rcpliedthat despitc the Factthat
onc day arter the occupation of thc US Emhassy the lranian Consulate in Al-
Basrah was occupicd by agents of the Iraqi Ba'th, neverthelcss,the Imam
Khomeini cmphasizedthai thc yuungpeaplc should leavethc consulate building
as soon as possible.The rcporisays that with thagreement of the negotiators
and thc Iraqi Consul a procès-verbal,in Persianand Arnbic, to the cffçctthat no
doçurneni had been louctlcd and thai everything had remaincd intact, was
drawn up and signed and then, aftcr handing ttlis procès-verbal to ihe
opcraitionaIgroup of the guards of thc lslamic revolution in Kerrrianshah, the
young people who had occupied thc Iraqi Consuliitc left the buildial 17.00
todriy.

19.Behcshirlnterviewed on Ncw Tasks of Rcvolulian Council

LDQ62222Tchran Domestic Scrvicein Persian, 2030GMT, 6 Nov. 79 LD.
[Text] Inan interviewwith çorrespondcnts tonight Ayatollah Dr. Beheshti,
membcr of the Revolution Council of the EslamicRcvolulion of Iran, said
rcgarding the ncw tasks of the Rcvoluiion Council: The Goveriimenl'soverall
execiitivepaskwlllbc cntrusted to and carried ouby the Revolution Council,
likeal1other rcvolutioncouncilsthe world overUp tonow we prcfcrredlowork
(?in a new way), i~amely.to havc a revolution counçil and a rcvolution
government.
Howevcr, since that ncccssary degree of coordination and uniiyof thought
was not forthcoming, as meniioned by Engineer Bazargan himself in his
rcsignailon,eithcr thc revolution government or rhc Revolution Council would
have to take ovcr in accordancc wiih ils defincdpositron and conclusions And
the choice was the nation's and the Imam's. Thal is, both thc nation and the
Imamhave chosen to adnpt the course to faccup to the problcms counselledby
the Revolution Council. DOCUMENTS 79

Today, however, WC havelearned frornthc oficial agencicsthat Lbearchcrimi-
na1Carter is fcvcrishly striving inorder to extricatc hirnselfïrom this political
impasse whichhas comc aboui followingthe great Iranian nation's revolution-
ary wrath ForLheextradition of the deposed Shah and followingthc occupation
or the US spics' plolting centrc.Toward this end, the two US Senators, [as
heard] Ramsey Clark and William Miller, are to negotiate officiallywith the
Iranian authonttes and the religiouslcadcrsabout the condition of the hostagcs
and lranian-US relations. It is incrcdibleihat Cartcr and his hateful agents are
stili planning to Lnd out about Ihe hostagcs and Iran'srelations through
negotiations.Have not Castcr and ihe world-dcvounng US big shots learned a
lesson frum the lranian rcvolu~ionand thc faIl of the 2,500-ycar-old Shah's
empirc üt thehands of thc Iranian nation, Icdby Ihe Imam Khomcini?And have
our resolute demand is for the cxtradition or the traitorous Shah? Are: WC
forgetting that al1thc USagents arc ümong the worst anti-Cod and anti-pcople
criminals and thal their solutions whaiever thcy may be. will ultimaiely
culminaiein blood-suckingand cünnibalism,let alonc the fact that this mission
has bcen entrusted to thc filthiestindividuais,that is, William Miller, the high-
ranking member of the US Zionist scnaie's counterintçlligence [as heürdj
committcc,and RamseyClark, the formerUS attorney-general?Morcover, with
whom do Lheywishto cntcr into negotiations'?11 isio be with thc grcat leaderof
thc rcvoluliun,ihc Imam Khomeini?How slrange and what 1ishallowthought.
Do they not know whahthe spirit of God [Ruhollah, part or Khomeini'sname,
means spirit of God] rneans?Do they noi know thüt the Imam is the universal
consciencc of the nation who, inspired by thc monotheistic school of the
apostlcs, iso1 preparcd to have ialks with üny traitorous big shot?
Then who else is Icît'?Could they poss~blywish to havc Lalks with thc
chüiman of the Rcvoluiion Council?How wilt the çhairman ulthe Revolution
Çouncil then answcr the nation? This is the nation that did not forgivc tbc
former primerninistcrTorhismeetingwilhone of thcscvcrycriminals.Howthcn
çould it brgivc the chairman of thc Revolution Council forsuch a scündalous
meeting?Ncvcr. What need is thcre for such ncgotialions? 1snot thc Eranian
nation's dcmand clear to Carier? How prcposlerous to expcct suchrrom evil
thoughts and rnalcvolcnçc.
You criminüls, we sharply warn you to give up ploiling and political garnes.
Our nation'sdemand is veryclcar.Tbat iç,thccxtradition of the ~raitorousShah.
(Slgned/ The Muslim student followersof the course of thc Imam,

22 Khorncini's Refusal To Dcal With US Comrncnded
LD091242 Tehran Dorncstic Service inPcrçian, 1030GMT, 9 Nov. 79 LD.
[Station commcntary.]
[Text]The Iranian natzon has once again sccn his word proceeding from the
mouth or the Imain. The Imam rcjccted the possibility of any kind of
negotiations with Carrer's cnvoys and fitmly in a command, in which no
ainbiguily or forgivcncss[eghmaz]could bc discerned, banncd al1meetings or
ialks betwccn lranian officiais iindUS envoys. A man who, relying on the
Muslim Iranian nation and afier 16 ycars of releniless strugglc, has hrought
down one of thc greatest despots of world historyfrom the throne of a rcign or
execiition-a man wtlo has always been and continues to be conscious of the
opprcsscdpeople of thc world, aman who deriveshis strength from millionsof
faikhfuland comrmittedIranians, a man who is one of thc descendants of thc
most noble and Lhemost modcstmenof history fthcprophet] has oncc ügain, by
his dccisivc word, rendcrcd null and voici al1 the plans of thc mercenary
politicians of the world. The Imam, who only yesterday inhis simple room in
Qom iold a group of Iranian youngsters with sincenty: 1am your servant, hüs
declarccithat hc would never reccivcthe cnvoys of the US President.80 DIP1,DMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

Hereisa man standing fast whodoes not givea dimefor the politicalgames,a
man who wrestedihc most important bastion ofthis supcrpowerfrom thc claws
of the most bloodthirsty character of history and entrustcd it to the Iranian
people. Thc rcstoration or thc Iranian peoplc'ssovereigntyover their destiny is
the Imam's gift to Iran's sons, and it is for this reasan rhat when the Imam
spcaksir is the pcople'sword which proceeds from the mouth of the Imam.
Arnerica'sblind and wild dipIomacy has once again resorted to a ludicrous
game which onlyprovcs the giddiness and the panic of American politicians.
Carler has dispatched Iwo cnvoysIO Iran to resolvewith the Imam the issueof
the occupation of the US Embassy. American dipIomacy is blind becausc it
cannat see that the Imam is a manifestation of the deep-rootcd and proround
hatred of the pcople who have sufered the scvcrest blows from bloodthirsty
Amcrica.American diplomacyis wildbccause it does not realizerhat the word
of the Imam is the word of 36 million Iranians. America'sdiplomacy is pailic-
stricken becauscit has yet Io realize that the lmarn is absolutcly firmin the
mcssage that uniil thc deposed Shah of Iran has bcen extradited hc will noi
negotiatc with American cnvoys.

23. Ayatollah Beheshti Interview
LD 111401Tehran Domcstic Service inPcrsian, 1030GMT, 11Nov. 79 LD.

Revolution Council,revealed inan interviewwith Newsweek,whichispublishcdn

in New York : Cwilltry to avoid killingthe staffof the USEmbassyin Tehran.
Ayatollah Beheshti then stressed that talks concerning Ihe rclcase of the
Amcricanhostagcswillstart only whcnthe deposed Shah isreturned to Iran. He
poinied out that the Unitcd Stateshas bccome Iran'sbiggcstenemyby acccpting
the Shah and therefore should haveexpectcdsuch a reaction from Tehran.
In the interview, Ayatollah Bcheshti warned the United States against any
rormofresorting lo forceforthe releascof the Americanhostagesand üdded: In
such a casc, al1relations would be severcdfor a long timc, perhaps rorevcr.
Ayatollah Bchcshtisaid in conclusionThe Rcvolution Council has issuedno
ordersto the1ranian studentsconccrningthe occupation of the US Ernbassy. He
thcn stressedthatthe possibilityof cutting oii suppliesto the Unitcd States stili
exists.

24. Bani-Sadr Lcttcr to Waldheim
LDI31518Tehran Domestic Service in Persian,1030GMT, 13Nov. 79LD.
[Tcxt]Mr. Abolhaçan Bani-Sadr,supervisor of our country's ForeignMinis-
try, has dcscribed inan opcn lctter addresscto Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Uniied
Nations Secretary-Gcncral, thecauses and faciors leading to the current crisis
between Iran and the Unitcd States. In his lctter addressed to the Unlted
Nations Secretasy-Gencral,Mr. Bani-Sadr says:

Dcar Secrerary-Gencral, your proposal to comc to lran givcs me an
opportunity, through you, to draw the attention or the representaiivcsof worid
countries in the United Nations to a fact which the US Govcrnment is trying in
any way possihlcto keep US and world publicopinion ignorant of, that ithat
Iran is a country which,siincethe coup d'étatof 1953until the fa11of thc Shah's
rkgime,has under the dircct administration of the US Government gonc a long
way toward political, cconomic, social and cultural decline. Our people's
awarencss saw that the time of coIIapsc was approaching, and with their
revolution they diverted thc courstodeath to a course toward lice.
There are hundreds of documents and cvidence proving the continucd
administration of the country by the Uniied States under covcr of'the former
Shah's reign. From among al1thcse 1 would remind you of thc mernoirs of DOCUMEKTS 81

Eisenhower,US Prcsident at the timc;Dulles,director of the terribleCIA at the
time;of theCIA agentsand ofEden,theBritishprimeminister. Eisenhowerrefers
to a change in the Iranian people's psychology-From being determined to
bccurninghesitant-as a decidingfactor in the successof the ÇIA coup d'état
against the legal government of Dr. Mosaddcq. In ihese crucial days the US
Governrnent isonce again trying very hard, in conne,ctionwitha crisis whichit
itselfhasprccipitated,tu createwar hysteriainthe United Statcsand al1theWest.
What has happened? Why isit that the United States ishiding the truih from
its own public? Whenhave our peoplewanted to humiliate the great American
nation or hurt itspride?Itsbeingsaid, and they are quoting USofficialsin this,
ihat USpublic opinionhas been provoked and excitedfar more than at the time
when the United States entered World War II. In thepast,too, the history of
man has witncssedmany great calamitieswhich rcsultedfrom sirnilarprovoca-
tions. This time the availabilityf mass media has made it possible io make
provocation effectivewith unprecedentedspccd,and on an unprecedentedscale.
Itisamazing ihat Iranians and our consulatesare attacked in the Unitcd States;
lranians arc arresied and deported; and the US Government not only iakes no
action te prevent such behaviour but it itself also ernbarks on military and
economicmeasures.
Mr. Secretary-General, 1believe that you also have no doubt that, having
created the prcsent atmosphere, the United Staies would havc no objection to
waging any kind of war. In other words, the US Government has crcated the
psychologicalatmosphere for waging such a war. What does thc US Govern-
ment need from sucha war?Whydid this Government not hccd our warningsat
the time, and why did it allow theformer Shah into its country? Now that we
have rcquesied his extradition, why is it that the US Covemrneni makes this
legitimatc rcquest look in the eyes of thc American nation as if the Iranian
nation wantsto humiliateAmerica?Apart from the Nuremburg court, are there
not dozens of cases of extradition of crirninals, particularly crirninals whose
extradition has been dernandcd by the nation?
Mr. Secretary-General,now that ccnsorshipexists in a country wliichclaims
to be democratic and the American nation is not allowed to hear the voice of
truth. you should echo this voicein the world. We do not ask if the US chicf
executivchad plundered theriches of that country, brought them to Iran and
kcpt them in Iranian banks, if thc Americanchicf cxecutivehad ordered troops
io fireon thc people and on a day such as 5 .lune 1978 had killed several
thousand people;and if in answerto the question of whctherhe had ordcrcd the
shooting he had repliedin the affirmativeand had snidhe was proud of it; ifhe
hadturned prisonsinio a placefor executionor torture; if in the last yearof his
rule he hadembarked on massacresin al1the citiesof the country and then had
corne to Iran; if thc US chief executivc had made himself a psotected pcrson
under the Iranian Government and had put the control of the US Army, the
poliiical police, thc ccanomy and the legislativeapparatus and so fortb in the
hands of that government, and if he had then fled to Iran or were brought to
Iran-would the Arnerlcan nation have accepted that the extradition of the
criminal,treachcrousand corrupt çhiefexecutivewould hurtOurnational pride?
Mr Secretary-Gcneral, is not thc Amerrcan Govcrnment guilty? Through
falsc propaganda America wishesin thc [word indistinct]of huma? civilization
tu arousea nation in support of an iniernational crirn~nal.1sit right in your view
iflt isrecordcdin history thaagovernmentlikethe AmericanGovernment with
the aid of a propaganda machine succeeded in making a great nation iurn
ügainst an oppressed nation-to say more properly, agalnst al1 oppressed
nations-and sidc wiih an international criminal?
Does the true prestige and pride of thc American nation not consist of
defending the rights of oppressed humanity? Every free consciencc and, of
course,cveryaware conscienceexpectsthe American nation to arisc united and82 DIPLOMATIC AND CONXULAR STAFF

impeachits Governmcnt becauseit has allowedthe agent Torthc murder of the
Iranian people, the agcnt for the decadencc of the region and thc agent of
corruption and plunder to sct foot on Amencan soil.
The cxpcctation of the secret conscienceor the civilizedhumanity was that
you, personally, and international organizations and leading religious,political
and scientificpcrsonalities would impcach the Amet-icanGuvcrnment. Do not
hesitate to believcthat our nation by no means intends to takc revenge onone
person. We wishto clcvate the spiriluality of the oppressed humanity.
Mr. Secretdry-Ceneral:Rest assured that if the Amencan Government had
not tried to humiliateour nation anddid not even rejectthe Iegalprosecution of
thusc pcople who have comrnitted many cnmcs against this nation and if it
admitied its guilt insupporting the bloodthirsty, tyrannical, illegaland destruc-
tivegovernment,the two nations of Iran and the United Statcswould now enjoy
the best of relakionswith each other.
Now youare proposing to cometo Iran. The problem and its solution 1sto be
found in thc United States. As suon as the American Government admits the
elementary right of a nation and thus tries to compensate for the humiliation
which ithas afflictcdupon our nation, thc problem willbe automatically solved.
Mr. Secretary-General: 1 believethat you agrccwith me that daily increasing
incitcmcntis not the proper solution to the crisisin whosecreatiWC have had
not the slightest share. The Amcrican Government, which in the past çpoke so
vehemcntlyagainst the useof thc oil weapon, last night decidednot to purcliase
Iranian oil, and Mr. Carier askcd the countries which buy lranian oil to follow
America'scxampie.
Do you noi think ahatthe people in Muslim couintries,whose oil is plaçed ai
rhcdisposal ofindustrializedcountries for a pittance,would uscthisopportunity
ro show their dissatisfactionand anger and that thc gneral culoff of oil would
turn this crisis into a world crisis'!
Mr. Secretary-Gcneral,due to my own socializedscicntificresearch, 1know
full wellthat the sickcricaneconomyand the unstable situation of thedollar
have inflictcd a severe politicaland oconomlccrisis on the American Govcrn-
ment. DoesAmcricareallywishto stabilizethe position OF ithedollar at the price
of endangering world pcace? ln that case, is your duty as United Nations
Secre~üry-General to come io Iran or to take some steps in rclation to lhe
AmeriçanGovernment? Lei us hopc that you willacccpt the legitimaie dernand
of a nation which does not wish 10be humiliated.
Our nations have nothing to lose exccpt their locks and chains and theis
povcrty, but your heavy rcsponsibilitydernands that, at any price,you will
prevent an atmosphere of war from castirig its shadows ovcr the world. Our
proposai is simple and very practical.The Amcrican Government should, at
least, accept thc investigation of the guilt of the former Shah af Iran and its
consequences. The AmcricanGovernment çhouldreturn to the Iranian Govern-
ment thc wealth and property which the Shah, his familyand the leadersof the
former régime have transferred to the Unitcd States. Are thesc two proposais
not just, and are thcy not in the interest of the spiritual elcvation of the
American nation and al1humanity'!
Bearingin mind that the Amencan Government isimmcrsingthe world in a
clirna~eof war and the Government of thc Islamic Regublicof Iran seesits own
peaceand the pcaccof the regionand of the whole worldendangered,it requests
the convening ol'asessionof the SecurityCouncil. We hope and expectthat the
rcspectedUnited Nations Secretary-GencralwilIsupport the legitimaredemands
of a nation vis-a-vis the American Govcrnment and will insurc that the
Govcrnmcnt will renounce itshostile attitude and açcept our rightful demand.
The Covcrnmeni of the lslamic Republic of Iran isgrateful Torthe stepswhich
you may takc.
With friendly feelings.[Signedl Abolhasan Bani-Sadr.84 DlPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

Our action has so far proved Iwoor three points at least:The Iranian nation is
çonscious of and clearly rccognites its real encmy in US imperialism and
internationalZionism and ducs not ïear any event in taking a decisivc and
prompt stand. Theseclcmentsthatare ofthe utmost importance:to us havegivcn
the nation decisivencss,alertnessand strength during thisevent and havecauscd
thc nation to change; this is the grcatest Iword indistinct] that we have îar
achieved. This,God willing,wiIl[word indistinct].
[QiresrionJ During your press conference today. one of the reporters asked
whythe people and also the Governmcnt did not take aparticular stand for the
extradition ofthc Shah when he was in Mexico?
[Amwer] That thc Shah should live or die in any part of the world is one
point. The other is that the gem QIcorruption and destruction which dragged
our country into fire and bloodshed in the past 25 years kas apenly dccided to
insuItthe will,thc Feelingsand the revolutionof thc people.This iswhat caused
that natural reaction of the pcnple.He wasin Mexicoand in Egypt, but thcissue
was not the same. This is the basicreason.
(Que.r~ionJHowdo you seerela~ionsbetweenIran and the USSR,considering
the current issuc of Iran and the United States?Are we going to ukilizcEastern
technology in the future?
/Ansiver] We will have îricndly relations based on mutual respect and the
absence of exploitation with any counlry that is so inclinedWe declarc, once
and for all, that wcwill not grant the tinicst unwarranted concessionto anyone
lcstit should harm our politicaland economicindependencein thcslightestway.
That is why while the Rcvolution Council cancelled thc Iranian-US bilateral
treaty-in the middle of the present crisis-it cancelled the [consractfor thc
purchasc of] materials that would haveled ta the posçibilityof Soviet interfer-
ence in Iran. This, therefore, clearly revcals the manner of our independence
with regard to the world powers.
[euesfiorin]Do you not suppose that major industrial countries might follow
the United States and refrain from buying our oil?
[Answer] First, no. Sccond.let them. Weshould beprepared In dieso that we
may live.Therefore, weare not in any way worricd that we will be ablc to carry
out this true fastingwith the utrnoststrength for sometirnand thal victorywill
bc ours with cvcry step. Thcre1s not thc slightest doubt on this point.
[Qucsr~on] The Imain saidthat noneof the members of the RevolutionCouncil
are pcrmitiedto holdialks:with anyUSofficial.How do yousuppose then that thc
extradition of the Shah will bc accomplished?Do you havc any special terms?
{dnsii~er] All the reporters havc been asking ihis question-which was
answercd. How can the extradition of the deposed Shah come abour? 1s he
simplyto bc placedon a plane?Mayhe this ispraclicallypossible. For this to be
madc possible, the Revolution Council has madc three basicconditions:
First: Officia]US aoceptance that thcre is a possibiliiy that this pcrson haç
committed a crime.That isnot so dificult becauseeverybodyknows that during
Lhclast year of his reign hekilled at least 45,000 peopIe.
Second: An intcrnationnl team oc our choosing should intcrrogale him and
compile a dossier, so that he çould be tried ia competent lranian court.
Third: Al1the possessions that he and hisfilthyfamily havehken out of tran
bclong to thc Iranian nation and must be returned.

26.Student Lcüder Says Hostages Will Die IfTroaps Scnt

LI3161337Copenhagcn Aktuelrin Danish, 13Nov. 79: p. 3 LD.
[Torben Andersen report "We Will Kill thc Hostagcs if the United States
Attacks."]
[Excerpt]"If the United States scnds inits combat troops, wewill kill al1the
hostages. That is the people'sduty and we are al1reddy ta die for it." DOCUMENTX 85

Yesterday ai-ternoanAkrireli managcd to makc contact with a leader of the
studcnts who havc occupied thc US Embassy in Tehran and who hold 59
hostages, including 1 Italian.
The studcnt refusedto givehis narne."r am a Muslimstudenl and a Follower
of Khomeini." Calmly and steadily he desçribed the situation in the US
Embassy. He wantcd very much to emphasizc that al1the hosrages are wcll,
Nobody is il1 and al1are receiving Lhenecessary arnount of food. "But our
patience1srunning out", hesaid. "The Shah'sallegedillncssisa trick and today
thc cornmitteewilldecide how long our patience will last."
[Question W]hat will happcn when paticnce runs out?
[Ansti~er]That is something 1cannot disclose.

[Que~~imt]ScveralEuropcan newspapcrsmaintain thai you have mistreated
the hostages.
[Atl~werj Thai is a lic. Everybodyisfine and trcaied as wellas circumstanccs
permit.
[Question W]hat will happen io the Shüh ifhe 1shanded over to you?
fitnscilerHe willbe tried and LhenkilledHe is rslam'schierenemy.If he dies
inthe United Staies it willbc the work of tÇIA. The only thing thal can halt
our occupation of the cmbassy is for the Shah to be handed ovcr now!We will
not ncgotiatewith thc United Statcsor any mcdiaiars. The Amcricansknow our
ultimatum-the hünding over of the Shah.
[Qutislion] Could not thc situation culminate in war against thc United
States?
[Ansii;erJNo, the entire world supports usin our lcgiiimatedemands to bave
the Shah extradited [answcrends].
The telcphone ïnterview withthe US Embassyin Tehran was then cut off.

27.Military Personnel March

GF140730 [Editorial Report Gq Tehran Domestic Television Service in
Persian at 1700GMT on 13November,relayedby Abadan, reports thai "Army
Green Berets and navy personnel of Iran's lslarnic Rcpublic,during a march in
front of theUS 'cspionagenest' today, declarcd their support and readincss to
sacrificefor the revolutionarynd anti-imperialisticgoals of Imam Khomeini,
leader of Iran's Islamic cevolution, and the Studçnt Followers of the Imam's
Policy". The Grccn Berers,thc announcer adds. declarcd rcadiness "to figbt in
any and al1parts or the world against US imperialism".
"Grcctcd warmly and passionaielyby the crowds gathered and stationed
arriund thc cmbassy, thc representativcs of the Grccn Berets, during their
announcemcnt of support for ibe Islamic students, statcd thai if thc Imam
shoiild wish and so ordcr, they werc prepürela takc ovtr the rcaponsibilityof
guürding and protecling the US 'espionagc ncst'. Soldicrs who were being
carried ondcmonstrators'shoulderssaid that ciuryauth rnay rest assurcd in the
certainty that the United States cannot take nny irresponsiblc action against
Iran."
At this pointthe announcer draws viewers'attention to certain scenesof the
demonstration by army and navy personnel. The i-ollowingslogans are hcard
chanted by dcrn»nstration leaders and are repeated sevtral times by the crawd:
"This Carter must bc killed." "Godisalmighty." "Deaih to America." This lasi
slogan isrepeatcd at least a dozen iimes.
An unidentificd speaker is heard dclivering a short speech that includes:
"Greetings to these bravc cçornpatriotswho have once again discovered the
conspiracics and plots of this world-devouring imperialism and iis espionagc
nest and destroyed it in its womb," Once again slogans are uttered by leadcrs
and the çrowd is heard shouting lhern ovcr and over: "Dcath to America."
"Grcctings to armcd forces brothers." "Armed forces brothers, may God86 DIPLOMATICAND CONÇULAR STAFF

protcct you all.'"Dcath, death to your bloodthirsty enemy." "Greetirigs toour
Grecn Beret brothers." "Islam is victorious, America will bc annihilated."
"Khorneini is victorious, Carter is destroyed." "Khorneini Is proud, Carter is
shaking."

28. Bani-Sadr on Demands
LD142004Tehran DomesticScrvicein Persian, 1630GMT, 14Nov. 19LD.
[Tcxt]According toa central newsbureau report, Abolhasan Bani-Sadr, thc
supervisor of the Foreign Ministry, today look part in a press, radia and
televisionconfcrenceat noon, attended by dornesticand forcigncorrespondents.
He answercd questionsput ta him and cxplained Iran'sforeign policyand its
policy with regard to the deposcd Shah. Bani-Sadr said: The Iranian Forcign
Ministry's foreignpolicy isto explainthe Iranian rcvolution to thc peopleof thc
world and prepare the ground for rhc victory of the Islamic rcvolution. He
added: We arc trying to draw the attention of world publicopinion to the US
attitude during the past 25 ycars in Iran, as well as to cxplain our particular
legitimacy. Mr. Bani-Sadr continucd: We have no intention of cutting off lhc
export of oil to thc rcof the worldor of exertingpressure on the industrializcd
countries. We wish to Iive in peacc in the world and have no intention of
thrcatcning the Unitcd States.It isthe United Statesthat, despiteal1its clairnsin
opposfngthe useof oilasa weapon, has used thisvcrysameweaponand banncd
theimports of our oil.This showsLhatin the hands of the USadministration the
law is a tool which it uses whenever it wishes for its awn interest and against
others, whcreas this practice is contrary to the inrerest of humanity. What we
want is repect for man's integrity and bonour in the world.
In another part of his remarks, Bani-Sadr said: The banning or oil by the
Unitcd Statesdocs not bother us:thcreare olhcr countries prcpared to purchase
our oil. Ncucrtheless,we do not insist in sellingour oil in great quantities. Our
nation is prepared to tnlerate al1hardships.
Cornmentingon the possibility ofother countricsjoining the United States in
banning the pur~hasc of 011 from Iran, Bani-Sadr said: This is impossible;
however, wc are not going to adopt a careless attitudeWe have taken Lhe
necessarysteps; our brolher workers in the oil-producing countries arc with us
and should such a thing occur, lhen a world crisiswill result.
Refernng to the possibility ofUS rnilitary intcrvcntion, he said: We have
receivedcertain reportsabout the landing of USparairoopcrs in Kuwait and US
militaty air deployments.Regarding this, we havc notifiedthe Muslimcountrics
and governmcnts thal these crises are transitory, but what remains is that the
area's nations ought to live with cach other, and that it would not servc thcir
interests to pursue a policy during such crises whichmight not bc compensated
latcr.
In anothcr partof his rcrnarks, Bani-Sadrsaid: Cçrtain individualshave been
assigncdto study the agreementsand documentsconcerningIran and the United
States.Thcse documents will be publishcd in the ncar future in pamphlets.
A foreign correspondent then asked: The US administration is in direct
contact with the students in the embassy. Do you not think that the United
States might rcach an agreement with thesc students, Lhusbypassingyou?
Mr. Bani-Sadr rcplied: If the US adminisiration managcs to persuadc the
$tudentsand the Iranian people io withdraw thcir request, thcn we will not do
anything contrary to the will of the nation.
Our country'sforeignrninister[ashcard]also said:TheUSGovcrnment isnot
showing any good willin this case; the cxistingtotal censorship applied by thc
US press with regard to facts about Iran owes itsclf to the US Governrneiit's
attitude. He added: Our tools under ~hepresent circumstances are the mass
mcdia.You correspondents must bear in mind that thcrccan be no compromise DOCUMENTS 87

betwcen reporting facts and persona1interestsWe hopc that you maj, always
bcar in mind the human issue. Sani-Sadr was then asked about Iran's policy
toward Afghanistan and the conscquences of the Iranian revolution in other
counlries.
He pointed oul: Wehave a joint h~storywith Afghanistan.The pcoplesof thc
two countrics share thc same religionand culture; tlicrerWCecannot witness
any intcrference in our neighbourhood and remain idle about a policy which
imposes a réglmcthrough inappropriate and Forcedpolicics.Irindepcndenceis
good, lhen WC musi wish ir for evcryone.Wc do not consider such issues as
interna1 ones ünywhere in the world. Cnnscquenily, ours is not a revolution
whiçh cauld beconfincdwitbinborders. Whcther wewünt it or not, what ought
to be learncd is that contemporarman will learn from ihis revolution.
The supervisor of the Forcign Ministry, Bani-Sadr, today answered CQPre-
spondents' questionsabout Iran's foreign policy:Ibcgin recording].
[Unidenig codrrespond~n~]Mr. Bani-Sadr, yesterday you rejcctcd a US
proposal in connection with theShüh'sextradition, the rctuofhis wealth and
his trial ancourt. Could you pleaseexplüinwhy?
[Ansiver] What the Unitcd States saidwas that he would bc deported;ildid
not say itould rcturn him to us. Othcrwjse,this would bewhat wearc asking.
Thcrefore, if it returns hiwe will accept this. We evcn said thüt his crimes
should bc investigatcd,and the United Statesshould acçeptthc outcorne,which
means rcturning him to Iran.
[Unideni$cd correxponllen~] You have writtcn 1w0 (lettcrs) making certain
proposals. Morcover, in thc course of the past couple of days, certain other
proposals have been madc by the United States. Does this show that you havc
modcraled your request, that you no longer dcrnand thc Shah's return?
(Answer] No, wehavc not moderütcd our dcrnands[wordsindistinct].We said
thüt sincethcre isno doubt of the deposed Shah's crimes, a tcam should in-
vestigatethe casc.Once it isproved that the Shiihisguilty then the USGovern-
rncnl should accept thc verdict; thal is, it should return the Shus.to
/Unid~nt$edc»rresponrlen~/ Ccrtajncountries, likcCanada and Mexico, have
closed thcir embassiesin Iran. What do you think is the rcason?
/Aris~i~~rSome embüssies werc under the impression that thcy haveno
sccurity. 1 lake lhis opportunity to cal1on my compatriots to Ireat forcign
nationülsresidingin Iran with utmost good will,friendshipand kindncssothat
othcr countrics may havc no excuscwhatsocvcr to turn this crisisintaworld
crisis. Thcy were uncasy aboui this situaiion. Some of the countnes were
çoncertlcd, bulthcir rinxietichave becn rçmoved, and they recipened their
crnbassicsas of today.1hopc the situation will improve further in the Future.
{Unidcttrijed corrc.spoildent]Thc United States has only called on students
with studcnt visasto rcport to the immigration olficc,having excludedthose no1
having student visasWhy do you think this is so?
[Ansiver] This issomesort of prcssureappliedby thc USGovcrnment. In my
messageaddressed to lranian students and lranians livingabroad, 1askethern
to staywherc they are and put up with the difficulties.

29. Rcvolution Council AddressesPcople

LDI 51408 Tehran DomesticScrvicein Pcrsian, 1030GMT, 15Nov. 79 LD.
[Statemcnl issued bv the Central Cornmitteeof thc lslamic rcvolution-rcad
byLannouncer.]
pcxtl ln hiscnalted namc. At this crucial rnomcnt when the den of Arnerican
esnionagehas bccnoccuwicdbv the Student Followersof the Imam'sPolicvand
when I& Iranian nation'has Asen toliberate itsclî frorn the domination of thc
East and West, Americaand its Puppet agents are planning to provoke naivc
and cmotional youngstersto occupyother centres,suchas theVatican Embassy, 88 OIPLOMATIC AND CONSULRRSTAFF

and thus provokc the sentimentsofthcir Christian brothcrs against the Muslim
Iranian nation. This is io warn the Iranian nation, particularly the younger
gcneratian,and seriouslyta cal1upon the pcople ta preservelaw and order and
notto allow ihcmselvesio becornea tao1 in thc hands of counterrcvolutionary
elementsand a handful of hirelings.Needlessto say, the rcvolution guards and
security forces will vigorously prevent any counterrevolutionary action and
traitoruus provocations.

JO. Student Staterneni No. 37

LD171 1 16Tehran DomesticService in Persian, 1053GMT, 17 Nov. 79 LD.
[Stiitcment No 37 issucd by thc Student Followers of the Imam's Policy
stationed in the "dcn of Amcrican espionagen-read by announcer.]
[Text]In the name ofCod, the compassionate, the mcrciful Greetings to the
valiant Iranian nation. As we have alwaysdeclared in Ourannounccments, wc
are only a drop in thc tumultuous ocean ofthe Muslim cornmunityand in this
grcat divine movement which hascome into beiingamong the Miislim nation
and Our only cndeavour is to be able ta rernain sieadfast in ïollowing thc
iIlustriousleader of this rcvolution.
This1swhywehave alwayssaid and willsay that any deçisionconcerningthe
hostagesand also this centrofcspionag and conspiracy rests with the nation,
which finds expression in the uttcrancof the Imam. Thereforc, foiiowing the
ordersof the grcat leader ofthe revolution,m Kharncini,about releasingthe
,womcnand the blacks whoare among the hostagesand whose actsof espionagc
havenot beenproved, wehaveacted immediatelyand accordingto thc orders of
theImam. Those iridividualswhoseaçts of espionagehave not been provcd will
be handed ovcr to the Minisiry ofForeign Affairsso that themay be expcllcd
from the country At the sametime, WC shall announce the message ofhonour,
freedom, independcnccand humanity of you dear nation, which is ihe messüge
of Islam,ihrough them to the peopleof the world,especiallyAmerican women
and blacks.
The rest of the hostages and the premiscs of the ccntre of espionage, as
ordcrcd by the Imam, will be at the disposa1of you, valiant nation, until the
returnof Mohümmad Rcza Pahlaviand the reiurn of al1that hc has plundcred
[rom rhis nation.
/Sipied/ The MuslimStudent Followers ofthc Imam's Policy.

31. Khomeini Interviewon Hostages
LI318180 T0ehran DomesticService inPersian, 1630GMT, IXNov. 79 LD.
[Text]Imam Khomeini, thc tcader of thc Islamic rcvolutron of Iran, today
reccivedcorrespondentsof Amertcantelevision'sCBS. ABCand NEC networks
separatelyforan interview.At theoutset of the newshullctinof thYoice of the
lranian Islamic Rcpublic tonight we drüw your attention to sections of the
Imam's intcrview with Thecorrespondenis of the Americün ABC and NBC
nerworks. [Begin recording in English with translation of the question inro
Persian,followedby Khomcini'srecordcd answers.]
[Question] (?As you know) you are holding hostages at thc American
Embassyin Tehran in contradiction of al1international pravisions.Would you
relcase the hostages? Would you rclease the hosiages and when would you
reIeascthe hostages?

fAnsli.erDo internationalconventionsprovidefor the sendingof spiesinto a
couniry in the name of an ambassador or a chargéd'affairesor not?Or should
there bc ambassadorswho do not want to commit trcachery againsta country,
spyagainst acountry, whodo not want 10setup the apparatus of a régime?It is
this kind of people whomitwould be wrong to take ashosrages. But what our
natlon has donc is to arrcst a bunch of spies. who, according to the norms, DOCUMENTS 89

shoiild be invcsiigated,tried and treated in accordancc withour own laws. As
Forwhat Carter has done, it is contrary to international laws;for a criminal-a
criminal who has actcd against a country-should corneto the country
concerned and be tricd. No country is cnti~ledto give sanctuary to a crirninal
and keep him therecontrüry to intcrnaiional norrns.It 1sCarter who has actcd
against intcrnalional norrns, not us.
[Question ] Mr. Carter has çlearly stated that hc will not return thc Shah to
Iran On the othcr hand, thcdiplomats and their fiimiliesarc lerriblyupset about
the situation.1sthere any room for ncgotiation'?
[Answer] Unlil he returns this criminal, anas long as Mr. Carter fails to
respcctinternational laws,wecannot return thcsespies. Evcn if wc rcturn thesc
spicsarter ihc Shahhas corne,it willbehecausewehavcbcenlenicni.Otherwise,
tliey should be tried and he dcalt with hcrc in accordance with our laws.
[Questiun] My olher qucstion was [wordsindistinct]is whal the Ayatollah is
saying is thc only condition is that the Shah be retusticd ta Iran beïore thc

hostages arc released.1sthis your only condition?
[Ans~er] Thc onlycondition liesin thc return of thc Shah, and this isbccause
we are being Içnitni toward them
/Qu~.srionj The United Statcs and Iran are involvcd in an cconomic and
politicalwar'which1sescalatingeveryday. And thc Ayatollah slillrefusestu see
any rcprtsentativcs whatsocver of Prcsidtnt Castcr. Why?
[drisiver]This is an economicand political war that Mr. Carter has brought
aboui, and WC areafraid neither ofhispoliticalwar nor of hiseçonomicwar. For
wc bclieve,rathcr, that the politicalwar willcertiibe:harmful to Americaand
thccconomic war willnul harm us. Neverthelcss, untilthe Shah isrcturned, until
the crirninal is returned to us, and until Cartcr bows to inlernational laWC,
cannokfind a way For negotiations.
[Queif/an] [Wordsindisiinct]has been rcported as süyingthat it is not in the
interesrof lran to havc rclaiionswiththe Uniled Statcsal all. ts it possiblaihat
sornepoint youwjllsimplybrcak al1relationswiththe United States then [words
indistinct]ncluding the hostages and cnd the mnttcr wirh the United States?
[Ansiv~r] It is possiblebu^this has to be studied.The rclalions thawe have
had withthc United Svatesup to now,and the kind of'crnbassythat Americakas
had in Iran, are not acceptable. Rut, if this spying den is transrortned inta
propcr cmbassy and if thc kind of relations tlie Unitcd States had with thc
former régimeceasesto cxist, and ifwe feelit suitahle thnt someof rclalions be
maintained, then 1do no1see any reason ivhy relations cannot bc rnaintaincd.
[Translatai. interxuptsWhat hc really wants to know is whcther or not the
hostages will be returned if relations betwccn lran and America are severcd?
[Answer] We should invcstigateand Cind out if the hostagesare diplornats or
pcople who carne herc to spy. Wc cannot reiurn spies and there are no
conditioiisor relations whichsüy lhat spics should bc returned. But ifthey are
proved to bc diplomats, and if relations are scvered, thcn there will nol be any
objections pasheardj.
[QuestirrnJ Imam, would you be willingio ineet Presidcnt Carter pcrsonally?
[Wordsi~idislinct]your persuasion on him, and if your answer iycs, would you
be willingto mcet him in üthird country, say France, whcre you spent pari of'
your own exile?
[Ansiucr] Such a mectiny would not aflect the issue. If Mr. Carter wants to
nlake us stcp down from our dcmands-i'rorn dernanding thc return of that
criminal,sorneihingthai he should do accordingro intcrnarional rcgulations-it
is out of the question. lf tShah is returned, then there willbe no point in our
meeting. Therefore, 1 am not willingto meet him.
/Question] 1 have talkcdLO manyofthe peoplcin front of the embassy.People
and siudcntsassurc me Lhatwhatcverhappcns the Amcrican hostages willncver
bc killed. Will you givcus that same assurance?90 DIPI~OMATICAND CONSWLAR STAFF

[Answd The issueisno dovbl as they put it, and solong as thc hostagesare
there, they are shclteredy Islam and they will not be harmed. They will be
stayingthere enjoyingcomplcteease, When QUr criminal is rctumed-although
according to regulations we should try those who are bcing kept in the
embassy-we are prcpared to grant them a degrec of concession and we will
rcturn them.
[Qumtion] Do 1iakc it that ihc answerisyesand that they willneverbc killed
undcr any circumstances?
[Trarislutur-in EnglishJNo, noi under any circurnstances.Thcy should be
tried and if the Shah is no1 çorning back . . . [herc the translater turns to the
Ayatollah and explains the point in Persian].Your Eminence,there isa delicate
point here. If the Shah is not relurncd, naturaasyyou have indicated bcfore,
they willdefinitclybe tried.
(Answer J If this is prolanged, they will definiielybe iried.
[Trunslaror-ln Persian]Thenwhatever thc court dccideswilIbe acted upon.
1% that so?
(Answerf Yes.

32.CDSIntervicw With Khomeini
LI3191056Tehran Domestic Scrvicein Persian, 1820 GMT, 18Nov. 79 LD.
[Interviewgranted by Ayatollah Khorneini,Ieaderof the Iranian Revolution,
to a CBS Tclevision correspondent in Qom on 18 November-recorded;

from thc English unlessoihcrwise indicated.]slation; questions are transcribed

Fext] [passagc indistinct] [Khorncini]Yes, there is no ohjection. But Task
thcm nol to distorl my words. Some people have come herc for interviewsand
distorted our words and added some liesas well.This 1sagainst the morülity of
news rcporting, and 1 ask of you that thcsc words should bc broadcast .
üccurately,withoul any tampering and without your intecfercnce.
fQucstionJ Imam, 1 undersland perïectly what you are saying and 1 feeP
confident that when you sce the result of what is hroadçast in Ihc United States
you will be welIsatisfie1thank youfor receiving us and 1hope that your cold
isbetler. It ismy undcrstanding, Imamtliatyou havesccnthe questions that we
intend toask. Thcre may bc one or two follow-upquestions in regard toyour
answers, but basically there wilbe no surprises. You know what wewant to
know and the world is, actually, the worldis waiting fyour answers, Imam,
becauscthe answersare of verygreat importance to your country, tmy country
and to the world al large.
Do you still say, Imam, that if the Shah, the former Shah, is not rciurned to
Iran thatthoseAmcricanhostagcsin the American Embassycompound willnot
be frecd?
[Answer] In the name of Cod, the compassionatc, the mcrciful. This issue
depends on the nation; this isthe wisholour nation of 35million,and weought
to considcr why our nation wantsthe Shah's return and the hostages not to bc
releaseduntil the Shah returns. And whydoes Carter insistso much on keeping
the Shah? As to the questionor why our nation insists,the issue is not sirnply
that thc Shah should came to Iran; our nation regards the Shah as its cnemy.
What will it do withhim? Hc is not a gift for our nalion rneretokeep hcre.
There arc two aspectsto our nation wanting the Shah to corne hcrcon which
WC insist,andone of these aspcctsiofgreaser importance than thc other. One
aspect is this: arc a nation whose economyis nrit verystrong at the morncnt
and a great deal of Iran's wealth is in the hands of the deposed Shaand his
relativeswhich is accumulated in.US and other countries hanks, andal1oTit1s
the properly of the nation. The rcason WC insisl on the Shah's reLurnis to
ascerlain the whereaboutsof the properiy of the destitute which is in his hands DOCUMENTS 91

and in the hands of his agents, whcrc it is and how it can be returned Eothe
nation.
Another point whichisevcnmoreimportant isthat wewant hisrtturn sothat
we can digout the roots of the crimes this pcrsoncommittcdovernearly 37ycars
in Iran, the trcaçherieshe has done to Iran, thc massacreshe has cornrnitted;we
want to find out on whoscorders they wcrc cornrnitted.Whcn a person rules a
country, hedoesnoi cornmirso manycrimcswithout reason;hewasan agent for
others. Hc himselfalso said: 1was on a missionto mycountry. We want to find
the oneswhoordered him iocommital1thesecrimes inhishomeland, to fino dut
who thcy are.For this rcason, our nation insists that this man must corneand
thcst two points shauld he establishcdata trial; whütcver the court ordcrs will
bc acted upon.
Asfor Carter'sinsistencc that heshould not rcturn, weought to set whetherit
1sbccauseMr. Carter isa humanist, and whciheril isMr. Cürter'saltruism that
rnakeshirn so insistcnt,and makes hiin confront the Islarnicnation, intimidate
it, and causcal1theseissues20ariseand put thc rcgionin danger. 1sit becauseof
his altruism? We can sec no trace afsuch altruibm in Mr. Cartcr, for it is clear
from Iiisactions that hc does not thlnk in this way.Ttis not altruism if a person
keeps a criminal under his protection or causes so much crime and dcath in so
many countries. Thesearc not the acts of a hurnanist, and he has nul done this
out of allruism. IFhc had any idea of altruism, there wcrc 35 million human

bcingsin Iran, onc oTwhomwasMohammed Reza.Thcywcreal1from thc same
country and nation. Huw come al1this crime was pcrpctratcd upon us, and so
much killingwas reçenlly cominittcd by this person'?And this was during Mr.
Carter's administration, and yct his altruism ncvcr cven led bim to ask this
persan not to commit al1this. Accordingto whal we know, not only did he not
makc sucha requestbut hc instigatedal1this. When heisinsistent,and it isclear
that it is not because of altruism, lhIImust be becausehe docs nol want his
secretsand the secretsof Amcrican leaders to be known.
By thc Shah's prescncc here we shall cxpose the sccrcts of Carter and his
prcdcccssors,and wcwillshow ~heAmcrican nation whüt sort of presidcnt they
are dealing with, how theseprcsiden~s have playcd havoc withtheir nation and
disgraccdthcir nation among the Muslima.It is Torthis reason thal wewant hlm
to come. and Cartcr wants him not to come Torthe samc reason; his insistcnce
that the Shah not corneisbecaiiscof his rear that sccretsmay be revealcd,for he
willnot bc üblc to lead a normal lirein his own country and hia presidencytoo
[wordsindistinct].
11"ihc Amcriçan nation is informedOC the issucs, and Ihe mass mcdia tellit
what has happened in this çounlry ihanks tothc Americanprcsidentsand other
superpciwerIcadcrs,irii understands thisir willnot supportCarter.1wouldeven
say that support for Cartcrprobably çomcsfrom a categotyof pcople who are
under his own supervision,like the support which used to be given to the Shah
hcrc, to the:depascd Shah. For example,whenevera US presidentcamc to Iran,
a large numbcr of people would bc brought out towelcomehirnin thc name of
thc nation, whereas thc nalion never had any proper knowledgeof such afiirs
and was ncvcrprepared to wclcomethe Shah and his guests.But they had large
nurnbcrs of peoplewho would do thcse Lhings:Probably Mr Carter alao has a
large nurnbcr of people placcd, Torinstancc, in the security organization, and
peoplc who are attachcd to hirn, and thcy are: the ones who humiliate our
studcnts abroad aiid treat ihem harshly. Mr. Carter himselr,this Mr. Altruist,
also treatr;our studcnls there Iikcthis; and causes thcm 10be persecutcd, causes
dogs to be sct on (hem and other similar crirncs; thisMr. Altruist is like ihai.
And wearc an oppressednation; we want thc pcrson who wastrcacherous to us
to be invcs~igaied,to gct to Lhebottom of what he did.
[Question] Rut that is not an answcr to whether the hostages will be freed.
[Ansiver] That was an answer T1.i~ni~tiondoes not wünt to (?releasethcm).94 DIPLOMATlC AND CONSULAR STAFF

They should turn thc den of espionagc they have sct up here into a humane
establishmcnt, not an apparatus for ruling a nation, not an apparatus of
espionage for a nation. Thcse are the two problerns wc have, and if these
problernsarc solvedtherewillbe no problcm. Wedo not oppose or quarrcl with
the American nation. The American nation isthe samc to us as olher nations.
Weare at peaccwith al1nations. But if Mr. Carter wants somcthing totakc place
which could Icad to lhat situationwe shall dcal with thal as well.
{Quesrbn] But if thc President says he refusedto return the Shah, and if the
Imam says he wil not free the hostages, thenwhlitcan be the answer?
[Inlerpreter] This qucstion is not included in the list of questions provided.
[Answer] 1will not answer the question,and 1wiZlnot cven listen to it.
[QuesriunJ IFthe Imam is soconvincedthat thc US Embassy wasa spysetup,
whydid he not closcit down and break off relations with the United States;ivhy
did he wüit for this group of young Iranians to take it over?
[AnswerJ WCnever even considered the possibility of an embassy being a
ccntre of espionage. If Our young people considcred this possibility whenthey
wcnt there, thai is direrent frorn what 1 imagincd to be possible. 1 did not
considerit possiblethat the United States wouldact contrary tal[international
regulationsand turn that placeinto a ccntre of espionageand conspiracyand a
centre for governing thc nationNow, sinceour young people wentthere-and
they might have gone therc with these possibilitiesin minci,although 1did not
know what thcy were-and have been supported by al1 our nation, only now
have we realizcdthe significanccof this mattcr and now wewillclosedown this
centre or espionage.
Sa long as Cartcr 1sincharge of affair1du not think that wcwill be able to
co-operate wirh the US Governrnent.
[Question] As long as Carter is in office,the imam is not sure. RutCarter is
going to be prcsidcnt for al least another year.
[Answer] The question of relationsisreallyup lo the Governrnent.Whenever
wedeem it righto severrelations and the Government alsodeemsil right, then
this will be done.
[QUL~SC~O 1At]at under considcration?
{Answer] Tt 1sbcing considered.
[Ques~iun] It iundcr consideration that Iran willçut off relar~onstotally with
the Uniled Statcs?
[Amtver] Ycs [passageindistinct].
[Quesiion] Rack in 1976, Imam, at the Niavarün Palace, 1 interviewed the
Shah and rcad to hirn from a psychologicalprofile ~hatthc CIA haddrawn of
him. In it the CIA [word indistinct] the Shah a hrilliant Dut dangerous
megalomüniac.Jusl Lhispast week,in the New York Times,severalanalysts and
psychologistçtülked about yuu and one said:thc spiritor revcnge is very dccp
within the Ayatollah. Iwonder if youwould comment on that.
[Answer] Thescpsychiairiststalkwithout consideringthe müttcr, they do not
talk politically.They Lalkwithout due consideration and they do not consider
politics.Thcy havesaid that the Shah isaclcverman. Irhc has any clevernessin
him he would not have been plagued by thc situation in which he is now. He
would havelistencdto the adviceof the ulema of Islam. If he isplagued by this
siluation ît is becausche is half-wittcd [words indistinct].

33. Gofbzadeh Interview

LD200020 London BBCTelevisionNetwork in English,2010GMT, 19Nov.
79 LD.
[Inlerview in Tehran wieh Sadeq Gotbzadeh: Iranian Revolution Council
spokesman and minister Fornational guidanccby Adrian Porter, carried in the
"Panorama"pprograrnme; datc not given-rccorded.] Dr)ÇUM ENTS 95

[Text][Announcer] In Tehran my collcague Adrian Porter has becn ialking to
the minister Tornationalguidance, a member of the Revolution Çouncil and the
Ayaiollah's chosen link with the English-speaking world (begin recording].

/Quesrron] You do no1 accept that the Shah is in the United States and ihe
United States allowcd hirn tci stay there on purely humanitartan grounds
becausc he is suffcring from cancer?
[Answer] This is ridiculous, ~hisis absolutely ridicuious, this humanitarian
purposc. He could go anywhere clsein the world And after hegot to New York,
Kissinger met hirn for one-and-a-half hours. That is ridiculous, it is an excuse.
You don'i believe it 1hope.
[QuP.srionJDo you mean that you don't beltcve thai the Shah has cancer?
[Answer] Well, we don't believe that he was as sick as they pretended bccause
our Government dcmanded two Iranian doctors go and cxamine the Shah. The
Unitcd States has rcfused ihat on[words indislinct] thar one al1am sorry, and
Kissinger had gone to secthe Shah for one-and-a-halr hours irnmediately afier
his arriva1 over thercSo therefore we do not believe that he is sick. We believe
that itisal1planned.
[Ques~ioil]You talk about ihis crisis, but isn'i it true ln Factthat Iran started
the crisis by seizing the American Embassy'!
[An~iiierjNo, on the conirary, the Americans havc started thC~~SIby having
the Shah ovcr there. For them nothing had happcned, and thcre was so much
Aagrani in this act that they deliberaiely, I think, insulted our people and our
revolution-tried to sort of crcate tension and international crisis-thcknow
how we Ceelabout ihat.
[Qurstion] You have mentioned that one of the rcasons why the Embassy was
rnvaded was because ~twas commitiing acts of csplonage, but how could you
knciwbcforc yolng into the Embassy that ii was commiiting cspionage.
[Answer] Let's havca very clcar answer-in two ways. You see, we know al1
the time. We havc talked about il for years chat the Amcrican Embassy is a
cenire of espionage, and (?a centre) of active espjonüge. After the rcvolui~onwe
were hoping that thcy cease this kind of action, and we gave them another
chance. But by having the Shah going to the United States, this action, to al1
lranians,it was absolutely clear that the United States continues to escalate its
provocation, ils sort of acis of interference in our affairs bwause the Shah's
rnoney is beingspenl everywhere, in Kordestan, Khuzcstan and al1that. From
thai time the people, I iman the young people, decidcd io go to ihEmbassy. It
never was sortof in doubt in anybody's mind in Iranthatthe American Embassy
was thccentre ofcçpionage But thc thing isthat [word indistinct] washoping
that theycease but they have not ceased that, they continuc10 do that and then
ihe Shah escalated that.
/Que,rtion] 1s there an ultimatum about this that unless lheShah and bis
possessions are returned to Iran somcthing may happen io the hostages?
[Ansiver] Well, from the studcnts ihey have not had any ultimatum or threat
but let usput it that wayWC cannot tolcrate the prcscnce of the Shah over iherc
and this type of Amcricanway oFdealing with us. So our relations get worse and
worse.
[Quesrion] But ifthe Shah isnot returned what might happen to the hosiages?
[Ansiver] Well, that 1 can'i say anything about at this time.
(Quesrion] Isthcrc danger that they could be killed?
(Ansiver] Only the ...a31 dcpends on the iime and place and the stress that
the people submii, and thc aiiempts, probably the Arnericans and Zionists, may
make to rclease them, you see.A number of Factorsare involved. We know that
they arc planning to attack and release thcm. In that caçc, iaway al1of them

will be killed.
{Question] You say you know that thcy are trying torelease thcm.
[Ansn:êrl WC have information rhat they havc made some sort of planning DOCUMENTS 97

toleratc [sentenceas heard]. Actually, wearc going to continue to dcmand the
return of the Shah from any country that he may possibly go.
/Que.~rion]What would happen to thc Shah iFhe did come back to Iran?
[Ansuler] He will &e tried before an international court.
(Question] You would allow an international couri to be set up here?
[Answer] International law observation.It can lx observed, anyone on the
face of the earth can come here and we will have in court, lried and judged
[sentenceas hcard].
[Question] Are you aware of howmuch anger kas been caused in the United
Stnicsamong the pcople there by your actions here inTehran'?
[AnswcrJ Wcll,we'vebeenhavingthe reports, but this kind of anger, this kind
of paniciscrcated by the massmedia, by theZionists, by thesepeople who are
trytng tocreate these things in the United States and in theother countries as
well-it isonly election year-and try to do their best to benefitout of it.
/Our,rtionIBut do vou feel concem over the fact that innocent hostagcs are
be& hcld inIran? -
(Answ~cr] How innocent hostages being hcld is lessworsc khan the biggcst
criminalof the country be protected?1do not know what would any country in
Westcrn Europeor the United Statesfeelif therewas one bigcountry protecting
Hitlçr and, well,for hav~nginnomnt hostages bcingkept. So this ishow we fccl
about ii.
[Question] You say thc siudentshavc done this, but in fact at any moment it
appears ihat the Iranian Government could have orderedthesestudenis,as thcy
have done, to releasesome of these hostages?
/Answer] No, no, no, itwas not as easyas that.
[Qu~stionJ Well, it seems so because as soon asAyatollah Khomeini sent a
requestor an instruction thai someof'the hostagesshould bereleased,theywere
rclcased.
[An.iivcr/Oh, we have bccn negotiating that almost ail week.You havc not
becn in on the negotiationsso you do not know wkat ishappening.
[Qucsfionj You are no1conccrned that this action might lcadtoUS pressure

upon you in many wayssuch as a trade embargo, with the United States trying
to havc orher countriesjoin lhem in stopping the flowof goodto yourcountry,
and siopping shipping, stopping a: your ports?
/Ansiver] They have done cverythingthey could so fai. I do not think they
can do anything more than that. But WC don't care. We continue our struggle.
When you enter on a struggleyou should never be blackmailed:the minute you
are blackmailcd you are lost. Sonomatter wkat the UnitedStatesdoes,whenwe
decidedto go on we go on [end recording].

34. Ahmad Khomeini Interview

LD201459Tehran DomesticService inPersian, 1930GMT, 20 Nov. 79 LD.
[Text]The morning, following Imam Kbomeini'sorder regarding the release
of the Amcrican women and black hostagcs, four wornen and six American
blacks whose guili of cspionage had not been proved were released by the
MuslimStudent Followersof the Imam'sPolicy.
The representativc of the Voiceand Profile of the Islamic Republic of Iran
intervicwed brother Seyyed Ahmad Khomcini [son of Ayatollah Khomeini],
who had come to Tehran from Qom in rcsponseto the requcst of the Muslim
Student Followers ofthe Imam'sPolicy and who had made remarkablecfforisin
the arrangements for the releaseof the hostages,en route to the airport from the
US den of eçpionage.The tcxt of the intc~vicwis as follows:
Bruther SeyyedAhmad Khomeini was asked. Have you made any decisions
concerning the releaseof the rest of thc hostages?
Brother Seyyed Ahmad Khorncini replied: The frccdom of the hostages DOCUMENTS 99

The representative of ihe Voiccand Profileof the lslamic Republic of Iran
said: Lct us,go backand ask anoiher question about the den of espionage, Will
al1that the student followersof the Imam'spolicy discover in the spy lair be
published?
BrothcrSeyyedAhmad Khorneini answcred:The answerio ihisquestionis up
io them.

35. KhorneiniSpccch

LW202309Tchran DomcsticServiccin Persian, 1730GMT, 20 Nov. 79 LD.
ISpeech by Ayatollah Khorneini dcl~veredon 20 November; venue not
specified-rçcorded .]
[Excerpt]This month of Moharram is verydifirent from formcr rnonths of
Moharram. Oneof ils diFerencesisthat during thc former month of Moharram
WC wcre raced with the oppressivcPahlaviestablishment,bccauseihat establish-
ment was a branch of the corruption of the mother of corruptions.
In this month of Moharram WC are faced with the mother ofcorruption; we
arc Fdced wlth those who have brought a!! the weak nations under their
domination and whoin evcry place havc appointed oneof their agcnrs io be in
charge of the nations so thai they can plunder them. Thanks to God, in our
battle with thatfilihy branch, as the result of the endeavours of our beloved
nation and thc cndeavours of you gentlemenwho are ihe people of the pulpit
and othcr preachers throughout thc country, espcciallyQom which has always
been thc source of blcssings, thanks to God our nation became victorious
through dependenccupon the almighty God and through the unity of expres-
sion.
Mr. Carter has süidsomewhcrethat if thcy wishto keep thesediplomats who
arc in thls den of espionage and if they wish to try them, it would create an
outrage in thcworld. In the eyes of theseoppressors the world is diKerentfrom
the real world.The oppressorssecihe worldthrough thcir ownarrogant outlook
and through the psychologicalillness from which they suffer.This diseasc has
caused themto regard the great masses of the world as not belonging to the
world.
Mr. Carter himselfand othcr people likehimaround the world, who number
lessthan 50,000 out of the 3 billioninhabitants of the world-it is theseleaders
of countries who encourage othcrs to indulge inoppression and rnischief.The
outlook of peoplc like him is ihat al1the nations are worth norhing. Those
peoplc are pari of the world and make up a small number of people likeCarter
and his clique, and some pcople in other places have, unfortunately, joined his
clique ioo. This is what they regard the whole world to consist of. This is the
outlook of the opprcsçors. Thcy do not see the oiher great strata of various
societieswhich are an oçcan compared to which Carter and the peoplelike him
are only drops. It means that ihis discase af self glorification has caused them
not to seethc people.
This 1swhy when on the throne of his presidency and looking at matters
through his sickoutlook and secing a few ministers and others who belong to
assemblicsor are his lackeysin other places, and seeingthat they get angry, he
rcgards them as the whole world and says that if you do anything to these
diplomats-he regards them as diplornais, thoçç whoseacts of espionage havc
been proved on the basis of evidcnce, he rcgards thcrn as diplomats, and he
regards the world interms of himselfand these people. Mohamrnad Reza also
had this illnessto somcextent, and the same illnessled to his destruction-the

illnessonly toçeehirnselfand a few flatterers and a number of clowns around
hini,10see onlythesepeopleand not to haveany consideration forthc nation, to
understand that in everycountry the nation counts.
The governments are a minority whu should wark for the scrvice oF the DOCUMENTS 101

hc wcreio frightenIran, and if hc wereto saytha~weshall imposean economic
embargo on Iran and shall damage Iran's cconomy, his nation would üpplaud
him,and later hewould be madcprcsidcnt. But hemisundcrstood that right now
a vast section of thc society. namely the negrocs, have left him. Five hundrcd
black clergymenhave opposcd him and have dernonstratea. Latcr, others shall
join them, exmpt thosc whuni Carter regards as the world.
If thc world consists only of thnsc pcoplc who are Mr. Carter's fricnds and
associates,the11thc wholeiswiih Amer~ca.But if the world iswhat it is, and if it
consistsof thc oppressedpeople, if thc world realityisthat the oppresscd pcople
run thc world and the oppressors oRcrnothing exceptcorruption-if that is the
world, lhen Lheworld is not on your side. This world does not approve or a
prcsidentwhoclaimsta be a champion of human rights,but crcatcssomuch evil
for humanity and kills so many people. A person who clairns thal 1support
human rjghts will noEbc allowed to[does not complctc sentence]Iranians are
human bcings too.
FIow 1sit that during your rulc ovcr thepas1fewyearsand for 50yearsduring
the rule of.your prcdecessors, this nation cxpcricnccd so rnuch hardship, but
neither you nor othcrs who claim to be supporters of human rights, nor the
asscmblics that you have formedin ordcr tu playgameswith us, uttered not onc
word askingwhyMohaminad Rczawasdoing al1those things.On thc contrary,
you supported him. On the contrary, you tried to kccp him in power. The
ludicrous thing is thal when suppression wasat 11sheight in tran, some people
used to say that the Jranians are given too rnuch freedom, and thjs 1swhy alI
thoscvoiçes are beingraised.Thc pcoplcare shoutingwewant to bc frccbcçause
thcy have too much freedorn,thcy are suffcringfrom a surplusof frccdom. Such
thinking is due to the illncsswhich these people have.
Carter sholvldnot imagincthal wewilltake one stepback on Lhisissue,andon
what isOurright in the world. The wholeworld knows this,and accordingto al1
international rcgulationsa guiliy person should bc returned to the place where
he coinmittcd his offence, and should bc tried there. We demand that Rcza
Pahlavi kc (sied here. If'they rcturncd our guilty person [docs not cornplete
sentence].
We shall closedown the embassy. This centrc of cspionage will no longer
continuc hcrc in Lhename of the embassy, unless al1this spying busincss stops
and thcydcçide10havean embassy;not a placeof espionage.Ifthey rcturn him,
lhisis possible. If thcyclosc this placeof espionage and if they rcturn hitis
possiblethat WC might havc relationswhich willbc uscful to us. So long as that
person is there,WC shall not sever our relations, bccause we must keep these
people herc. Thcsc people who are now with usare spies,no1diplomats.
Howcvcr,it seemsthat due to the psychologjcaEillnesswhich Carter has and
whichpeoplelikchimhiive,theyalso regard the spicsas diplomats. Tbey should
ctiangc thcmsclves. The heads of countrics who act like this towards ihcir
nations, who act Iike this towards the oppressed peoplc in thc world, shouId
change rhc~rrninds. These thoughts will no longer have any customers in this
world. They belong to a tirnc whcn ~hcpeople had not awakencd. But now the
people everywhcrchave opened their eyes-andcürs. Wesee Lhatduring the past
fcw ycars, especiallythe past tlircc ycars, a Lransformationhas comc about in
QUrcountry. The pcoplc have changed. Theyarc thc same people, but their
thoughts are diBérentthoughts, thcir thoughls have changed. In the samc way
that the nations have changcd and thesenations are not thc formcr nations khat

you ruled overand that would completelysubrnit to you, so Loo,yourheads of
States,whcther American heads of Statcs or others, should also change. If thcy
do not chürigc Lhemselves, ifisnot in thcir interest, and they wilbc draggcd
towards destruction.
At limes 1have told the pcoplc who havecornefrom abroad thüt one of the
problems or governments is ihc problein which exists betwçcn thcm and iheir102 DlPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

nations. One of thc problems is the problem which exiçtsbetween the nations
and thc governmenis, bccause the governments regard themselvesas rulers, as
the source:of authority, but they allowno power ta the nation. This iswhy thcy
are deprived of the support of the nation.
What was weIlknown ta us was the situation in Iran iisel50 long as the
governmcnt regardedilself as the ruler of the nation, the dominant force over
the nation, the shahanshah and aryamehr, thc nation was not with it. If the
nation was with it, it wouldnot have been possiblefor Reza Pahlavito gofrom
here io anothcr place. This was changed to ünother government which, or
course, isnot completelyIslamic, but a brewe has blown from ihat quürter, a
breczc has blown. Thc very Tact that this breeze hüs blown has causcd
governments to not regard thcmselvesany more as absolute rulcrs thas may
grab, beat and spend. It is not like thar.

36. 21 Novcmber Developmcntsconcerning US Embassy

StuderrlsStarement No. 45
LI32115 04hran Domestic Scrvicein Persian, 1427 GMT, 21 Nov. 79 LD.
[Statemeni No. 45 of the Muslim Student Folluwcrs of the Imam's Policy-
read by announccr.]
[Tcxt]In the name of Gad, the compüssionate, the merciful. Fighting Iranian
nation, the AmericanGovernmenl has bccome extremclyfrightened in thc face
or thc Imam's decisivc stand and thc grcat and glorious Hegira rnarch
throughout Iran. Frightenedof beingdisgracedas a resultor the trial of the spies
held hostage, America has resortcd to threats and intimidaiion. Accordinç io
rcports received, Amcrica's largest naval fleein the Indian Oceanhas bcen
dispatched toward the Pcrsian Gulf; and, also accordingtu reports received, it
intends Lo launch a rnilitary attack, against thc Iranian territory. Wc strongly
warn the ArnerlcünCovernment that:

1.lrit isfcltthat the USlhrcats are becorninga rcality,al1the hostageswillbe
killedai once.
2. In the event of thc slightest military offensiveby Amcrica, al1Americans
residingin Iranwill beendangered and rhc cmbassy,which has bccn a place of
espionagc, wtll be hlownup.
3. The Amcrican Government must know that Islamic couniries wiZInot
remain silent in the façc of its aggressiveacts.
4. Enemicsmust know that in the event of a military movement on Iraniam
tcrritory the fighting and Muslim nation will defend its dear country wirh
everythingat its disposal, with tooth and nail, and will destroy thc cnemy.
We assure the:valient Iranian nation that al1 the hostages and the areas
around where they arc in the embassy are being guardcd with the uirnostcarc
and rorcc,and the slightestsuspiciousmoveiscontrolted,and ihat thc prevailing
conditions aresuch as to enable usto destroy al1the hostagesand the building
housingthem at once. Wcask al1the brothcrs and sisters,whilcrcinforcingiheir
battlc rcadiness, to mairitain their calm eomplctelyand not to dernonstrate any
uncalculütcd behaviour, asthis would be what the counter-revolution wants,
[Srgned] Thc Muslim Siudent Followers of thc Imam'sPolicy.

37.Khomeini Addrcsses Pakistani Officers

GF222200Tehran Dorncstic Television Scrvice in Persian, 1700 GMT, 21
Nov. 79 CF.
[Speechby Ayatollah Khomeinideliveredin Qom, 22 Novcmber, to visiting
high-ranking officers of the Pakis!ani armed forces afier ihefr pilgrimage io
Mecca-recordcd.] DOCUMENTS 103

[Tcxt] In Lhename of God the merciful and compassionate. How foriunate
you were to havc theopportunity to visilholy Mecca, thakcentre of inspiration
and shiningcity. May God acceprthis pilgrimügevisit of you brothers.
[Voicesin unison] Amen.
[Khomeini]Al1of us in the Muslim nations are brrithers.We share their joys
and sorrows, and wc do hope they share in our sorrows and joys.
Today, our nation is confrontcd with great satanic forces which,dursng the
last300 yfitrs,irnposedillegitimalegovernmentsupon us, upon Muslimnations,
upon nalions of the Oricnt. Andduring the las50 yearsit was thc government
of'Rcza Khan and Mohammad Reza that wüsirnposed upon this nation. They
bctrayed usand recentlythis betrayal and crimeoctheirs reachcdits peak. These
crimesweresupportcd by superpowcrs,cspeciallythe Unitcd States, so much so
thüt the patiencc and rorbearancc of our nation {words indistinct]. Thcy
toppled thc shahinshah régimewhichwasan illegitimatcrégimeand establishcd
the lslamic rcpublic hereAnd whilcweare engaged in rcconstructing thc ruins
and dcstruçtion inflictcdupon us during this period of terrifying rulc and reign
of roreigners,alicns and iheir parasitcs who ruled thesecountries. We are now
confrontcd with the United States. And wehopc that our brother nations, the
Islamic nations-just as wc were caught in the web of foreign tyranny and
iiggrcssion,just as our nation rase up against them-thatour brother Muslim
nations will alsorise against thcrn.
It isü cause ofjoy thai Pakisiah nas risen againsi them. Today, 1saw in the
papcr that al1 Pakistiin had risen against the United Statcs, Apparently al1
universitieshavc declarecia three-düy shutdown, and this isprornisingnewsfor
our nation and pcople rhat they arc not alone.

What should WC be arraid of! Should webe afraid of thcir planes?Shciuldwe
be afraid of thcir ships?We are the same peoplewhoconsidcr martyrdom tobc
happincss. Even now, our pcople keep asking rnc10be martyred. What could
possibly rrighten a nalion of people wliu wish to be martyrcd? (passage
indistinct].
Thcy wiuntto massacrcus. Theycannot do that.And suppose theycould. Our
pcople would dcstroy them with thcir claws and teeih. Our youth [students at
erribassy]havejust declared thalif'they evertry to do such a thing, thcy will
destroy theentire embassy with al1those people i? it. If it should comc to that
point,we could not control thoseyoung pcople, who are in the primeor their
youtli and pride and havc been oppressed in the pasi. We çuuld not control
them
WCcünnol control a nation ofpeople who wcrc oppressed for 50years and
subjccted to tyranny Forsome 30-odd years by an individual wtio rnassacred
a nation sirnplybecause the Uniled States might decide to act stupidly. Peopleh
will not simply sit idle and watch thcm Innd their paratroopcrs and so forth.
Why don't they just try and scc'!Idetus seehowthcy van do it. We willdcstroy
evcry one or them. WCmay al1be killedor WC will annihilate al1of thcni.

38. Bani-Sadr Address

LD221835Tehran Domcsiic Servicein Persian, 1630GMT, 22 Nov. 79 Ln.
[Speechby Abolhüsan Bani-Sadr, supcrvisorof the Iranian Foreign Ministry,
to a seminar of hcads of newscentres-read by announcer.]
[Texr]A correspondent askcd: What is this? Has anybody ever conductcd
diplomacy in this way?
Bani-Sadr rcplicd:This is newdiplomacy. Likeour sevolution, which is new,
lhisisalsoa ccrtain typeof diplomacy.WCdo not want diplomacy behindclosed104 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

doors. As yau scc,sincewe took overwe have been conducting a dialogue with
the people or thc world and explaining thingsto them, rather rhan explaining
Lhingsto their politicians. We have nol adoptcd a course or ncgotiation, rather
we havc adopted a course involving explanation. In orderto succced inthis
political course-the same course which we uscd in our triumphant revolu-
tion-we havchad to workdayand night; day and nightwork by al1thosc, both
within and without, who wanted to initiate a drastic cllange in international
relationsin having the deposed Shah cxtradite [sentenceas heard].
Bani-Sadr then askcd:Whereare wenow'!America isthrsatening us with war.
11wasreported las1night from Americathat thc USSecurilyCouncil has voted
ro declarc Tirasagainst Iran. It is said thal Carter is under pressure. Only
yesterday iwoincidents occurred; one in Islamabad and the other in the Grcat
Mosque, bath of which will further aggravate the climate.
As for the UN Security Council, it unanimously condemncd Iran and
demanded the release of thc hastages. When 1went to the [oreign ministry, it
transpired that forcign ambassadors in Tehran werc attempting Lo hold a
meeting in order to condemn Iran unanimously. The Arab foreign rninislers
council in Tunisia has prctended to havc condemned Iran. Consequently,
America was hoping to place us intotal isolation. Youmay not havc forgotten
that in 1967,following the attack on Our Arab brothers, they had crçatcd this
very same sort of climate.
Therefore,as 1 cxplained,weLookaction in linewilh thc policy1pointcd out.
Today, standing beforcyou, 1can be certain that America has not succeeded in
isolatingus,and despitcal1its atternpts to havc theinitial verdictrenewedby the
Security Council, America has nat succeeded;for out of the 14, 12have voted
ag~instit.
In the Arab world the numbcr of our supporters exceed those of our
opponents. InAîrica and Asia loud voiccssupporting QUr Icgitimacyare heard.
As TorEurope, althotigh it sympathizeswith Amcrica, there is no doubt that it
does not agree with America. ln prcparing for an all-cmbracing onslaught to
crush our Islamicrevolution, in Americüthe black minority, constituting20 per
cent of Amcrica's population, plus liberal ligures, have raised iheir voices in
protest to the effectthat we are righi. WCare not being unrcasonable;we arc
saying thatyou havc imposed a personon a country Lhrouglia coup d'état,thal
this person over 25 years has not sparcd oppression or crime. Now you havc
taken this person there, providing him wiih ail kinds of luxury.
If you daim that this person has no criminal record, thcn whyonla Tewdays
agu did the French Govcrnment extradite Iwo Italians Forhaving disturbed the
Italian peoplc'sconscienceby assassinatingAldo Moro'!1sit anly the Europcans
who have the right to have a consciencc'? 1sour nalion supposed to lack a
consçiencc? Has not this consciencebeen troubled by thedeposed Shah'scrimes
and tressons? IFyou claimthat the deposcd Shah'sassetscannot be returned, lhc
question thcn arises: Are you not the same govcrnment which rcturned the
Tsar's asselsto Russia? What regulaiions allowed you to do this thenq You
should adhere to the samc regulations.
As for our adherence lu lhc Vienna Convention, the question is: Who wrate
it?The conventionwhich issaid to be acceptable to us;wherewereweto accept
it? Jt was the Pahlavirégime[which accepted il]Do you not think thal if wc
were present at that convention we wuuld have stipulatcd that espionage and
transforrning an cmbassy intu a placc of espionage is not allowed, that ii is
punishable? WC,the oppressed pcoplc, wouId not havc proposed Ihis, evcn
supposingthiçwcrca right and, asit wcrc,nota camoufkagcfor crimes.This isa
right which has been violated; this is a transgression upon an inch of territory,

tcrritory on our soi1[scntenceasheard].
According to this sameconvention, the US Embassyis consideredto bepart
of US territory.Now wc tellyou that for 25 years you have vioiated everything DOCUMENTS 105

we have. Now, thc thing is,WC arc saying:You mus1accord us this biggerright
and, inreturn, wewillaccord you this smaller right. Ifitis a question of right,
then this is a right also. Aîtcr all, did these conventions and international
. agreementsauthorize you to conclude 25 agreements witha fricnd cnslavcd by
you during the final two ycars or his lire-agreements arnounting to $52 billion
which were of not the slightestbenefitto our nation'!Wcrcyou authorizcd to do
this in accordance with international agreements?
Mr. Bani-Sadr then answcrcd questions conccrning cconomiç and monetary
relations,s wcll as on Iran's relations with neighbouring counlries, and other
domestic and forcign issucs. .

39. Bani-Sadr Press Conference

NC221632Paris AFP in English, 1617GMT, 22 Nov. 79 NC.
[Text]Tehran, 22Nov. (AFP)-Thc Iranian people"will tîght to the last drop
of blûod" ifthc United States tries mililary action to free its occupiedernbassy
here, Foreign Affairs Minister Abolhasan Bani-Sadrsaid today.
Mr. Bani-Sadr also told a news confcrcncc thüt hc hoped "the world ioday
would not accepta grcat powcr likc the United Statesaltacking Iran to have 50
pcoplc" bcing licld hoslage.
Hc said only thecxtradilion or Lheformer Shah from the United Stateswould
Cm ihe Americans, who have been held captive 18days, and thc West should
not allow itself to becomcinvolvcd ina war "to dcîend a criin~nal".
Mr. Bani-Sadr also rcaffirmcd Iran's refusal lonegoliate lbe matter, saying
the pressure of public opinion would sulve the dispute andnoL diplomacy.

40. Gotbzadeh on Trials
NC221337 Paris AFP in English, 1329GMT, 22 Nov. 79 NC.
[Excerpt]Tchran, 22 Nov. (AFP)-The trialofthe hostages held in the US
Embassy here would begin "soon" if the United States continued to "play for
time" in rerusingto extradile the deposed Shah,the director of the Iranian radio
and television serviceSadcq Gotzbüdch said tnday.
Spcakingto ü French ielevisionslaiion, Mr. Gotbzadeh did not exclude the
possibilityor the death penalty beingimposed on any of the hostages.
He also told AFP that any contact bctween Iranian leaders and American
rcprcscnlativescould on!? be on an "individual" and not an oficial basis, ina
commenton reports from Washingtonthat a US Çongressman, GcorgcHanscn,
had succeededin tülking to thc Iraniün authariticç hcrc.
hlr. Gotbzadeh, a mcmbcr of lhc ruling Revolulion Council, recalicd a
council rcsoluiion ruling out any possibilty of contact hetween the Iwo
Governments
Mr, Gotbzadch joincd othcr lcading Iranians:in minimizing the lhrsat of
American military intervention, while Foreign MinisterAbolhasan Bani-Sadr
appealed "to al1Miislim pcoplc" to hclp in "thc viçtory of Islam in Iran".
In a broadcast rnarking Ihe siart or the Muslim 15th-centiiryreckoning, Mr.
Bani-Sadr accused the US of "using al1 its cfforts to isolatc us in ordçrto
cxtcrminütc us".
He calkedon Iranians to be like steel,"cold andinvincible",and not rcact to
"Amcrican provocations".

41 27November Developmentsconcerning US Embassy

Bani-SadrCommentonCrrsis
LD290923 Milan L'Unira in Italian, 27 Nov. 79, pp. 1, 16 LD.

[Siegmund Ginzberg undated interview in Tchran with Iran~an Foreign
M~nisterAb01has;inBani-Sadr: "From Unitcd Nations io US-Iranian Crisis".] 106 DlPLOMATlC AND CONSULAU STAFF

[Text] Tehran-For the first timeWC found Bani-Sadr optimistic. "Kes"hc
told us," I am optimistic, because now it is easier to rcsolve the ernbassy affair."
[Ques/ioil/ Easier? In what way?
[Ansiz,er]For onc thing, because it is now easiertomonitor popular reactions
than it was three weeks ago. Easier because Ihave answered a real aspiration of
our people in the field of foreign policy.
/Quesrioti] This is Qnc rcason. But perhaps it is insufficient to justify
optirnism. Are there no other reasons?
/Answer/ YES,there areothers, but ihey cannot be discussed yet.
IQucstion] Arc thcy dornestic or external reasons?
/Ansiv~'rr]Partly external.
/Question/ For instance?
[An.iii.cr]The fact that the UN Secretary-Ccneral has written to us-and 1
irnaginc hcdid so with lacit USconsent-that he is willing to form a committcc
of inquiry into the violation of human rights by the Shah's rcgime.
[Qucsrion] Whüt clse?
[Ansii*rr]The faci that it sccms thai the UScourts and administrator do not
inttnd to impede the restitution of cash and goads transfcrrcd illegally to the
United Staies.
[Qutsiion] Yes, but meantirne the airçraft carrieKirry Huwkis continuing ta
steam toward the Persian Gulf. . .
/Ansiii~r] The Americans havc Ict us knowthat thcy have no intention of

scttling thc affair by force.
/Ginzburg] Evidently diplornatic clïorts have continucd with a greater
intensity ihan was apparenr over the past fcwdays, and probably through many
channels. But to what cntcnt can one klieve Bani-Sadr's optim~sm?On othcr
occasions he told us onc thing, the Imam said another and the students
occupying thc cmbassy something else again. 1sit possible, WC askcd, that it is so
dificult to convince Khomcini of the dangers of thc situation?
"No," Bani-Sadr replied, "this isnot the point. 1belicvc that Khometni is
fully convinced of the dangers. The real point is that the impasse1snot just on
one sidc, but on both sides, Therc is an impasseon thcpart of the entire people,
for whom the Shah and America are syrnbols of a very prccisc and spe~ific
reality."
/Qzics/icin] 1not this kind of culOC popular spontaneity sornçwhat cxccssive?
[Ansiiier] The Bazargan govcrnmcnt's experienceshows that one must take
thc people's feelings into account in ihis revolution. Unless one takes thcm into
üccount, one can at any tlme cause a tcak which could threatcn to bring down
the entire dam.
[Quesriorz]A leak such as that of the US Embassy?
/ Answerj Precisely.
fQu~.~rinn] Are you not afraid of meeting the same end as Bazargan in viewof
the impulsive nature of the processcs involving the peoplc's masses and the
multiplicityof çentrcs of power?
[AnswerJ 1accepted ihe post in thc full awareness that al1these things exist.
That there arc rivalries, personal strugglcs, Factional thrusts. But this is the real
situation and one must üct within if.Bethat asit may, the afTairwhich began at
thc cmbassy is a great risk, but also a great opportuniry.
[QuesriotiJ In whar way?
[dnsn,erj An opportunity for a ncw revolution+conomic and cuftural. The
process begun in economic relations with the United Stiitcs is a historic
opportunity for breaking our dependence on other countries and for tw nsform-
ing Oureconomic systcm Torthe foundaiions up. Such thorough transformations
are aeither simple nor painlcss. Moses had to wander an Mount Sinai for 40
years with his people so thal thc generations corruptcd by subjection to the
pharoah would bc followed by generations capable of making the promised land DOCUMENTS 107

Bourish. So the Amcricans arc now preparing Moses' Mount Sinai for us. A
gcneration which can manage without econornic dcpendence on the United
States wilthe a gencration capable of saving Iran from economic death, Fromthe
cconomic death which-let us not forgct-had alrcady begun before the Shah's
depnrture.
[Quesrion/ As long as a military intervention does not completely turn the
tables?
{Answer] No, 1 do not belicve there wibea military intervention.
[Que.rtirinEven if as a result of an accident one of thc hostages lost his life?
[Ansn4er/ NO, 1do not believethat could happcn.The students occupying the
embassy are very awarc of this danger. Have younever wondered why they are
so carcfully preventing the journalists from sceing the hostages and concealing
rhcir whereabouts? lt is precisely becausc they are awofcthe possibility of a
provocation.
[Ginzbrrg] We also askedhim why his visit to the UN Sccurity Council in
New York, originally scheduled for yesterday, has been postponed. "The
Sccrelary-Gencral," he replied, "did oot contact us in connection with the date
for the meeting. The 9th and 10th days of Moharram, which commemorate
Husayn's martyrdom, are in our country traditionally highly chargcd with
popular feeling. Moreover," he smiled, "there is a historical prcccdeni: In 1951
Mossadcq. tou, requcstcd a postponement of a UN Security council mecting
preciscly because it coincided with Ashura'h".

42. Khomeini Denounces Carter

NC291927 ParisAFP in English, 1926GMT, 29 Nov. 79 NC.
[Text] Tehran, 29 Nov. (AFP)-Ayatollah Ruhollah Khorneini today an-
norinced his intcntion of guttiUS Jimmy Carter on trial after the trorlthe
Shah.
In an irnpassioned reply to Presidcnt Carier's poliçy statement yesterday on
the Tchran embassy hostages crisis, the Ayatollah iold Westcrn correspondcnts
going to dcmand that Presidcnt Carter and similar 'Nixons'bejudgcd."WCiaare

the Shah uscd to orner up when he worshipped at Mashhad" (a holy city inyers
notthcasiern Iran).
President Carter was "appalled" at the idea thaï "his crimes will be
denounmd", the Ayatollah added. He then accuscd Mr. Carter of king
primarily interested in thc Forihcoming US presidential eleçtion carngaign,
sayiny: "He (Mr. Carter) imagines his manocuvres will servc his propaganda
effort in the forthcomtng clections."
The Ayatollah went on ioaccuse Western ncwsmen of being won over to the
US cause and of sprcading lies.
He said that if the hostages in the US Embassy were tried and found guilty.
they could still be pardoned under Islamic law-"providcd the Shah and his
Fortune are rcturned to Iran".
Thc Ayatollah continucd: "We would have appreciatcd il if Arab govern-
ments percciving how we werc destroyed by a rkgime (the Shah's)made somc
effort to understand usand back us uvand had not gone over to thc side of the
oppressors of the Arabs.'.'
He cxpressed regret that Arab iiations were not using their oil resourcas as
diplornatic weapon.
Commenting on Pope John Paul's appeal for the freeing of the Tehran
ernbassyhostages, the Ayatoliah declared: "IJesuswere alive today, would he
beon thc side of Carter and the Shah?"
The Ayatollah concluded with "an appeal to al1 Christians and Jews108 DIPLOhIATICAND CONSULAR STAFF
throughout the world to adhere to thcir faith. roHowingtheir prophets who
arose,fron~among the oppresscd masses".
He added: "WCdesire tube friendly wiih al1peoples and to have friendly
relationswith thcrn."

43. Students Rcpeat Trial Threat
NC300556 Paris AFP in English, 0648 GMT, 30Nov. 79 LD.
[Text]Tehran, 30Nov. (AFP)-Iranian siudcnts holding about50 Amcricans
hostagcs heresaid today that the Arnericnnswould"inevitably" go on trial ii"thc
former Shah wasexpellcd from the Unitcd States without being extradited LQ
Iran.
The threatwas contained in amassage io Irünian students abroad.

44. No UN Rcpresentative

NC301352 Paris AFP in English,1336GMT, 30 Nov. 79 NC.
[Exccrpt]Tehran, 30 Nov. (AFP)-Iran's Islamicrégimewill not send a high
officialto the UN Security Council mceting scheduled tornorrow on the
occupation of the US Embassy here, Foreign MinistcrSadeq Gotbzadeh said
today in anewsconference.
He also rcpcated previousstatements by iranian leadersthat the country was
ready to fight"to theend"ifthe United States triesmilitaryaction Lofrccthe 50
American hostages held since4 November.

45. Gotbzadeh Press Confcrcnce

LD302350Tchran in English to Europe, 1930 GMT, JO Nov. 74 LD.
[PressconfcrcncebyIranian Ministerof ForeignAffairsS~ideqGotbzadch on
30 November, correspondents no1idcntified.]
[TextjThc IslamicRepublicof Iran's forcign rninisterand headOF thc Islamic,
Rcpublicof Iran'sradio and telcvision,SadeqGotbzadeh, hclda pressintcrvicw
ihisafternoon with Forcignreporters and correspondents. The following is thc
fulltexlof this interview:
[BeginGotbzadeh recording] Ladiesand gcntremen,thcrc'slimiiedtimc Wcll,
the announccment that I would like tomake is that accordingto thc dccisinn
made by the Rcvolutian Counçil, we are not attending the Sccurity Council's
meetingioniorrow. And obviously,wekecpour conlacts with the authoritier; of
thc United Nations For further discussion and deliberations of the Security
Council.This isthe announcement 1would like to make, and now1am open LU
any questions.
(Qu~srion indzstiricr] Well1 wclcome this dccision becausc with such a
policy was[wordsindistinct]ta gethim out of thcrcand to exposcthe Shah as hc
1skfore the international public opinion.
[QuestionindistinctJ
[Answerl (?Wemei with)the Mexicanauthoritirs and explainedOursituaiion
and our viewpoint.
[Queaion indistiriçl]
[Answer] Well, 1have heard thüt they arethere.and well.1reallydon't know.

I havc never talked to them.1don? know [passage indistinct].Well.aFteral],1
don't bclicvethatal lçast I hopLo belicvethat thescinternational instancesarc
not totlillyunder theinflucnceand order of the Arnericans.Secondly,1hope also
that thcydon't Lakesuch measures;and thirdly, if in spof al\thcsethings and
al1QUrIcgitirnatedernnndsthey go on wirhthe condcmnation, thc dccisionisnot
binding [a5heard] and we don't acccpt it.
[Question] If the Shah goes toEgypt, whai will you do? DOCUMENTS 109

[Ariswcr]Ir tiic Shahgoes to Egypf ive'llcontinue to demand his return from
Egyptand I'msureit'sgoing to be a greaidcal of troublc in Egypt to rcturn him
tn you.
[Question indistinci]
/Ansit.cr]At thc morneni we havcn't come,wc'll crossthe bridgc when we
come to ~t,we haven't cotne to (?that yet).
[Quesr ion i~ldzslinct]
[Answer] As far as wcare concerncd,[romthebcginningthe crisiswasstarted
by tlicUnited Statcsby taking thc Shah over thcrc, as wehelievenow, then they
havc lied over thc condition of his health and our request of sending two
physicians to examine if il's thc trullhas been turned down by the United
Statcs.Then thc crisisstarted. (?And)that prcciseopposition diffusedthis crisis
and it was escülüted.But iinforlunately thc Unlted States had chosen the hard
line and coniinued to escalate the crisisas they wantcd.
But Lhistime WC iirciîrm in our decision and arc not going to bc dissuaded
Froiilwhat we hüvc decided and it is Torthe United States to acccpl now and
acceptthaj whiitwehavedonc, as wewarncd[wordsindistinct]tu our revolution
and we don't back down [words indistinct]in argument.

[Querrionindistinct]
[Arnrwer]1 don't think that the qucstion or coinpromise arises. WChave
demanded the return of ihe Shah bccüuse we believc thal il is nat only Ihe

problem of the Shah himsclf.As the Shah actually himsclf has declared, if he
goeson trial it willbethe trial of the last fcwpresldentsof ~hcUnlted Statcswho
have interfcrcd in our &airs and havc kepi the Shah in power. [Words
indistinct] it'stremclyiniportant for us ta put on trial actually thc poliçy of
ioterveningin clurafairs by the Unitcd Statesover thc pasi25 years.Thcrefore,
it is thc (?distorted) history of Our country by the United Statcs, it isthe
plunderingness [as heardj of QUrcounlry by the Un~tedStates and it is the
torturcs and killings that happcned in this country by the United States
Governmeni which aregoing tobt on trial. Thcrei-ore,this isthe legitimaterighl
of a peoplc to go on,to investigatetocxplorethe crucltics,the rnisericsthawe
had and the victimsthat (?theyhad), to show not onlyto aur pcople but to thc
wholeworld thc (?point) ofthc injustice wbich(?he nation has)sufferedand I'm
sure ihaithc countries around the world have been subrnittingto the samc sort
or pressure and the govcrnrnental intcrvenlion by thc United Statcs [words
indistinct].
/Ques;N)i1] Mr. Foreign Minister, what did you think of the ehrts by
Congressman 1-lansenand FornierSenator Abourezk and would you accept any
discussion with an American in future?
[Ansii;er]Scnatur Abourczk is acting as a lawyer, thereforc he is not sort of
mediating anything and [words indistinct]. And Congressman Hanscn, well, 1
don't think that was or any good whatsaever, it was good for Mr. Hansen, it
wasn't good forthe (?cause).
/Quc.ytion]Would youacccptit if(?another Americanwashcrc) tcrdiscussthc
situation'?
[Ans~ver] [Word indist~nctl Officia1Amcricans but ccrlainly not of an
individual. Anybody can come here and discuss [wordsindistinct].
[Question] On what basiswould you havethe Unitcd Slates(?pursuingtalks)
in Iran?
[Ansiz:er] Well, (?when in doubt) 1 have to find a solution Forthe United
Stüies?You sec, wehaveproposed a solutiori,thal is to say the processby which
they can return the Shah to lran and 1havc rzpeated that. If the United Statcs
accepts this fact, Lhatthe Shah couldbe a criminal and immediately acccpt an 110 DlPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

international hearing, a (?jury)accepiablc to us, of our choice,to invcstigatethe
case and the United States promised to accepting as binding [as heard] the
decision, at that time the United States could return the Shah casily, khat is
through the international (?influence).Now, evenwccan go furthcr and weSayif
the Security Council evcntually agrees to open up [words indistinct]to do the
job, 1 think that would be another (?prablem). But nevertheless,we'vegot to
have thc Shah here.
[Wordsindistinct]
(Queslion] IftheUnited Siatcsagreedla sucha forumat whichtheShah'sguilt
would be determincd,wouldthehostags k releascdiftheUnited Statesagreedto
the forum or would you hold them until the Shah was eventually returned?
/Anx~ver]Well, youtakc itfor grantcd thaf the decisians and declarations of
the United States are (?trustworthy). Unfortunately, our past expericnccshows
that wecannol trust them. Thercfnre, the mcrc agreementdoesn't satisîyus. We
have to see the actual (?work) of this committce and if thc United Stütcs
evenlually bound itself as a result of this decision and the [word indistinct].
(Queslion indisrinct]
[Answer] Well,thosepeoplewhowerein thecrnbassy[wordsindistinct]taken
by the studentsovcr there,and among them arc a certain number of people who
arc much higher than the charge d'affaires inthcir activitiesand their relations
with the CIA. As far as thechargi:d'affairesisconcemed, he hascornehimsclfto
thc Foreign Ministry, and the Foreign Ministry at that timc decided to give
[wordsindistinct]asylumto them and [wordsindistinct]asqiumaccording to thc
promisc that the roreign minister at that time had givenand (?hc) honoured.
(Indislincrqueriions]
/AnswerJ [Word indistinct]are going to be in aposition to discussabout Lhe
further developments of this subject.
/Qwstion indisrinc]t
fdnswer] Well, thc Americans do not agree with our conditions. We do not
agree with thcir conditionscither. We are equal, and certainly thereis not, there
is not any date for the trial of the spies.
(Quesriot~indistincl] words indistinct] As Iunderstand you, yoii have becn
suggestingthat the Unitcd States might find a way 60cxtradite the Shah if there
were [words indistinct] internationaltribunal inthe United States that would
hear cvidcnceagainsr thc Shah. Thai would avoid ihe cxtradition problcm and
would permit the publication of [words indistinct].
[Anslver]Well, youarcconstantly confronted-and it 1soneof thoseironiesof
,our tirneyou are çonstantly confrontcd with such a nurnber of words Fromthe
Arnericanside,and it isnot onlyconcerningIran, it ispracticallyconçerningother
countrics around Lheworld.And that it, the.American publicopinion wants this
and thai. The clcctioneersrequirc that [wordsindistinct]that one residentwants
io beclcctedand the other shouldn't bcelected.Or the legalsystcmof the United
States penniis this or thai. That is to Say,the wholeworld shouId revolveon the
concepts and theway oflifcthat the Americanshaveiniposedaround thc warld.
Mypoint issimplythis:accordingto what lawthc UnitedStlitcshas interrerrcdin
Ouraffairs,have scnt spies here, have cornmittcd the crimes hcre? According ro
what law theyare trüined(?tobe)torturers and our country in the United Statcs?
According towhat law and regulations and whal (?process),proccssof law they
have made thesecontracts that they plundered our country. If they can find any
processOFlawto do al1(?thcscinjustice)1am sure they are intelligentcnough to
find a proccss of law to return the Shah.

[An.vwer] Wcll,the Shah isout of their hands. As 1 said before, firstof al1we
have not come to that, we haven't come to the bridge to cross ilyct, andcertainly thc crisiswillnot be totally dcfused at the time, and [words indistinct]
we'vcgoi to [wordsindistinct]go on to seewhat'syoing to happen. If the Shah
goes, definitciythe hostages wrllnot be rclcased immediately.

/Question] Ayalollah Khomeini yesterday said that Carter, Nixon and
Johnson should be tried, Mr. Minister. Could you comment?
/An.rwer] Well,it is-ccrlainly Ayatollah Khomeini has said (?it).The Shah
hassaid it bcforehim. He said: If 1should go on trial thc other presidcnts[words
indistinct]should be on trlal,toa.
[Quesiion indistinct]
[Answer] Well, as 1said, thc trial has not stürzedyet, and wewill seewhal's
going to comc oui of the trial.
[Question] Mr. Ministcr, why has there been such a [words indistinct]
turnaround in your attitude to the Unitcd Nations SccuriLyCouncil? Mt- .ani-
Sadr rwordsindistinct].Surelyyoii have nothing to loseby prcscntingyour casc
to the council.
[Attswrr] WeHour .. .[pause]. Let'sput i(that way.The manner in whichthe
Securiiy Council was called upon, or had decidcd to convene, crcatcd some
suspicion in our public opinion, bccause, ifyou rcmernber, we have asked the
Unitcd Nations that the Seçurity Council he convcned, and thai request has
heen turned down. And al1of a suddcnwefound ihat the Secretdry-Generalhas
askcd for the convcnrngOFthe.SocurityCouncil within 24 hours, LheAmericans
totally and immediateEyagreed upon. And that rnanner, frankly speaking, has
crcatcd some suspicion here, and accordingly the Revolution Council decidcd
not to participate üt ihis time.
[Question hdis[inct]
[dnsii'cr]That would be vcry good. 1 am sure that wuuld create a good
aimospherc betweenIran and LheUnited Staies,and 1 am sure the hostageswill
be released,aiidwe have already promised itisgoing to be (?an)open trial, and
even the representativc or Mr. Cartcr can participatc in the trial, and the other
representativcsoflhe press, and seewhat'sgoing on'and we are going 20 have a
good showfor thewholc world how thc çriminalscan do thejob, and with what
help,and whose hclp, for25 years.

/Question/ The hostagcsare beinghcld, inpart, [words~ndistinct]by whichto
havcthcUnited Çtiitcs return the Shah. Ifthe Shahleaves ithcUniled States,how
can the onus rcmain on Washington to have him returned? And what wuuld
then bc the legitirnatcrcason for holding the bostügcs?
[Ailsci~erWcll, let's put it tliat way: If youcapture a thief and tell hito
return what he has stol~nfrom you,and you say that ifyou don't that I'vegot tu
take you to triiil, and al1of n sudden the (?buy), his ïriend cornes,and he gives
the matcrial tohimand sayçwellgo away, and at thnt time (?hesays), welllook,
guy, Idon't haveyour matcrial with me.Now let me go. How do you feelabout
that'!
/Quc.rtion/ If the Shah went to iinother country [wordsindis~inct]the United
States [wordsindistinct] intcrfere inc aAairsof that country in ordcrto relurn

the Shah?
[Answer] (?Weil),it'ssimpleas tlrat. The United States has thpower to not
let him go. to nrevcnt iinow.
[~uesfion idistirirt
[Ansiver] Thisisthe responsibilityof the United States.The Shahis in United
Statcs, and I'msurc that the Unltcd States, who has the pnwer to destroy thehas ruled Iran for 25 years, that brought about the coup that brought the Shah
to power, that committed cnonnous crimes in Ourcountry in the political and
human, cultural and economic field-now, following the Iranian rcvolution,
that country has taken the liberty of an extremely flagrant act by having the
Shah, the symbol of al1thecrimes in Ourcountry, stay there. At that moment we
could not take this insult, this humiliation ofrrevolution, and for this reason
peoplc have reacted in the manncr that they have.
[Mourousi] Mr. Minister, thcrc is nevertheless some contradiction in the
action of Iranian policy. First one asks for the convocation of the UN Security
Council, one asks that the United Nations get moving, and jus1when the United
Nations decides to makc a move, Iran says: WCare withdrawing, WC havc no
intention at al1of going to the UN Sccurity Council. Now, how do you explain
the ambiguity of this position?
[Gotbzadeh] Listen, it isnot rcally likethat.askcd for theconvening of the
UN SecurityCouncil down there in the United Statcs. After about 10days thcy
rejected Our rcquest, and then suddcnly we heard that in 24 hours the UN
Sccurity Council would be convcned by the Secretary-Gcncral of the United
Nations. Of course this affair, this ignoring ofurrcqucst, this rejection of Our
request has causcd an enormous feeling of suspicion in the population ihat
perhaps the Council will meet to condcmn us..At that moment, WC dccided not
to go, and let me make this very clcar to the people in thc United States: If
the linc of thought, the policy of the UN Security Council(?tiakesthe direction)
of a policy of equilibrium, indicating that there is the slightest little chance
from Our position, at that moment we shall reconsidcr Our stand on going to
Ncw York.
[Mourousi] Now then, the United States said, whcn the Security Council
session was suspended aftcr the meeting during the night: We believe that we
shall arriveat a satisfactory solution at the Council. So,what kind of solution
would satisfy both the Council and at the samc timc the Iranians?
[Gotbzadeh] WC do not think that the Sccurity Council can reach a
satisfactory solution under the conditions in which it is mecting. And 1 have
inforincd the Secretary-Gcncral of the United Nations, Mr. Waldheim, that this
dcpcnds on the manncr in which the Council expresses itself under the prcscnt
circumstances rcgarding Our very simplc and very clear request-thcre is no
ambiguity in this-for the return of thc Shah by the United Statcs, and then, of
course, the crisis would coinplctcly disappear. So 1hopc that the Council will
acquit itself inthis mattcr by seeing both sidcs at the same time-surrendcr the
Shah to the Iranian people for a trial for his crimes, and at the same time the
problcm with the United States will be over.
[Mourousi] So you are asking the Sccurity Council quite simply to confirm
what you wish, the extradition. To ask the United Statcs to extradite the Shah
and in rcturn there will be no morc problem regarding the hostagcs. Now are
you surc, you, Mr. Gothadch, that you are not going to have problcms with the
students if you try to thrust a solution on them, because apparently Mr. Bani
Sadr did havc problems.
[Gotbzadeh] Thc problem is simply that if Ourrequests are satisficd, 1do not
belicvcthat we shall have thc slightest diiliculty with thc students, because their
initial demand has bccn this, and is still valid. Evcn at the beginning of thc crisis
we tricd to propose certain proccdures for the extradition of the Shah, which
unfortunately have not bccn acccpted by the Unitcd States. The United States
has been trying tocscalate the crisis by frcczingOurassets, and the oil problcm,
and what have you, and so now wearc simply saying:Cive up the Shah,and the
affair will bc closed.
[Mourousi] So you are ready to wind up the affair if the Shah is handed back
to you. And tell me, are you going to hand the three diplomats who are at your
place to the students, so that thcyjoin the other hostages at the embassy?114 DIPLOMATICAND CONSULAR STAFF

[Gotbzadeh] As 1 said very clearly yesterday, they have come to us at the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and they are therc now. They are free.
[Mourousi] In their movements ...
[Gotbzadeh]Free to wait there; weare going to insure their safety, their safcty
there, but the moment they go away, the moment they leave the Ministry of
Forcign Affairs, we are no longer responsible. So thcy are there, they are safc.
[Mourousi] Mr. Minister, now as far as the trial of thc hostages is concerned,
is there no longer talk about it for the moment?
[Gotbzadch] WCdo not talk about it, bccause as we have said alrcady, if the
United States decidcs to continue the crisis and does not follow the rcason for
acccpting Our proposal, does not understand the reasoning and feelingsof Our
people, thcn the trial of the spies herc bccomes topical.
[Mourousi]And willthis trial startsoon, whilethe Shah is on US tcrritory, or
when the Shah leaves US tcrritory? This is a rathcr unclear situation. Arc you
controlling thissituation? Can youSaythat the trial of the spiesas you cal1them,
will start on tliis or that date?
[Gothadehl WCcannot set a date, bccause not the slightcst decision in this
connection (?can bc taken), and 1do not think that it can bedonc in the next few
days.
[Mourousi] Mr. Ministcr, the referendum is bcing held today. Wewcrc talking
about it before, at the beginning of the news. What is this referendum, which
has practically already been won by the Ayatollah, going to change in everyday
life?
[Mourousi] You have bccn very threatening to Prcsidcnt as-Sadat recently,
should hc welcome the Shah.
[Gotbzadch] Oh, there is not much diffcrence between as-Sadat, the Shah,
(?Hitler) and the rcst. They are al1the samc.
[Mourousi] You scc thcm al1as criminals?
[Gotbzadch] About the same, yes.
[Mourousi] But you do not request cxtradition as far as the others are
conccrned?
[Tclcphone link with Tehran lost at this point]

48. Careful Guarding of Laingcn

LD021256 Tehran Domestic Service in Persian, 1220GMT, 2 Dec. 79 LD.
[Statement issued by the Muslim Student Followcrs of the Imam's Policy
stationcd in the "spy den of AmericaV-read by announcer.]
[Text]In the name of Cod, thecompassionatc, thc mcrciful. From the formcr
embassy of thc United States to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the lslamic
Rcpublic of Iran:
As we havc informed you before, thc spying charge d'affaires ofAmcrica and
his two companions, who are in that minisiry, are the Iranian nation's hostages.
Now weemphasizc that with the new documents and evidenccdiscovered, these
persons are proved to bc the heads of spics of the embassy and should be
guardcd carefully so that thc nation of Iran can dccide about them at an
opportune time.
[Signedj The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Policy.

49. Students Threaten to Begin Trials

LD021502 Tchran Domestic Servicc in Pcrsian, 1430GMT, 2 Nov. 79 LD.
[Text]According to reports from news agcncies,the deposed Shah today left
Cornell Hospital in New York for Texas. The White House announced that the
dcposed Shah will be continuing his treatment in Wilford Hall, a military
hospital near San Antonio, Tcxas. DOCUMENTS 115

Mcanwhile, Reuter rcported that the Studcnt Followers of the Imam's Policy
who havc occupied the American spy den in Tchran and demanded the
extradition of thc deposed Shah, have threatened that if the deposed Shah leaves
America, they will put their Amcrican hostages on trial.
Reuter reports that the students, who were angered at the prospect of the
deposed Shah travelling to anothcr country, told this agency in a telephonc
conversation that if thc deposcd Shah lcaves the United Statcs for any
destination otherthan Iran, they will start trials of thcir hostages immediatcly.RESPONS EY THEUNITED STATES1,1DECEMBE 1979',TO UESnONS PRESENTED
BY THE COUUT ON 10DECE~IBE1R 9799

Reference is made in the Applicationto the seizure of two United Stutes
consuhtes in, respectively, Tahriz and Sliiruz. The Court lvouldbe grateful ro
receivesucliinformationas the UnitedStates Governnlentmay possessas roivhat
huppenedto thepremises andpersonnelof tlieseconsulatesand, ingeneral,to its
consulurstaff in Iran.
A. The operations of the US consular posts in Tabriz and Shiraz had bcen
suspendcd since February of 1979when our posts in several lranian cities wcrc
attacked by demonstrators. Therefore, no American personnel were at these
posts at the timethe incidcntsoccurred. The premises werescized bydemonstra-
tors in early November, and we have no current report on their status. Four of
the diplomatic agents held hostage since the seizure ofthe Embassy in Tehran
arc members of the consular section of the Embassy.
In paragraph8, that is. thefinal paragrapliof the declarationby Mr. David D.
Neivsorn,liefurnished certaininformationconcerningthe categoriesof persons
stated to be held in the UnitedStutes Enlbassyor elseivlterein Iran. The Court
v~ouldk,o,trever,begratefulgyou rvouldprovideit withmore details,making clear
the particularsratus of everyonein each category undspecifying the manner of
theiraccreditation.
B. Thc 6 Decembcrdeclaration of Under Secretary David D. Newsom idcn-
tifiedat least28of thosc personsheld hostage in the Embassyas membersof the
diplomatic staff.To the best of our knowledgethis includesfivcmembersof the
political section, three membcrsof the economic section,four members ofthc
consular section, fivcmembers of the administrative section,four members of
the cultural affairssection, and six3military attachés.6hDecemberdeclara-
tion also idcntifiedat least 20 membcrsof the administrative and technical staff
of thc Embassy Iicld hostage. To the best of our knowledge this includesa
medical officer, sixmembers of the communications section, five3members of
the military attachéstaff,andine marine securityguards. The membersof the
diplomatic, administrativeand technical staffswereaccreditedthrough theual
or customary procedures:Iranian diplomaticor officialvisas wereplacedin their
ofpIran by the Embassyin Tehran in accordance with cstablished practice, and
they were issuedproper identification by Iran cither as diplomatic staff or as
membcrs of the administrative and technical staffentitled to privileges and
immunities.This information as to accreditation is based in part on records in
Washington and in part on the understanding ofofficerswith recentknowlcdge
of thepracticcsof the post, but we,unfortunately, are currently unable to obtain
accessto that portion of our rccords in thc Embassy in Tehran.
Mr. David D.Nervsom,in responseto my reqliest of 4 Deceniber 1979 for
certaininformation,statedinparagraplr3 ofhis Declurationof 6 Decemher1979
tltutMr. RamseyClarkhadgone toIranon 7Novenlber1979inu vainuttempt "to
deliver a messagefrom the President of the United States 10the Ayrrtollalt

*SCCp. 37,supra..
'See pp. 503-504,infra. DOCUMENTS 117

Khnmerni and in reekthe immediate relt.u.ieoj'rhehosiages". HrJuriher srated in
~hafparugmph that ~heUnitedSrares Govcrnmeni hris"communicated pusitions
on v~irit~umatters relrrfing to rhe crisisIO ~heIraninn Charg.4d'Affairp.7in
Wushingtrm" and Irasulso 'but specgc questions to the Chorgi. d'AflarresM.
Would rheAgen[ of the UnitedSlates pieuse be good enough tu furnish rhe Court
wirh u ~opyofthe messugc intcnded tu be r/eiivc.rerly Mr. Ramsey Chrk and of
an-y thcutnenrs or questions comrnuiiicated IO ~heIranian Chargéd'Aflaires in
Wushington.
C. Dipluniatic efforts are still being attemptcd through many channcls,
including the good officesof thc Secretary-Gencralof the United Nations and
many countrics. We believethat thcse effortsmust bc carried out in confidcncc
and could be adversely affcctcdby the disclosurcof the contents of dimarches
carlier madeor intendcd. We iherefore rcgrct that circumstancesdo not, al this

tirne,permit the United Stales to enter thesecommunications into Lheproceed-
ingsnfthc Court. We wouldadviscthe Court in gencraltcrrns,however,that thc
messagcto bc delivered by Mr. Clark contained a protest or the actions of thc
Govcrnnient of Iran and a cal1for releasc ofthe hostages. Mr. Clark was also
auhorized to discusçal1avenues for rcsolution of the crisis. Thc çommunica-
lions ro thc Iranian Chargéwcrc of a similarnature and also included requests
for an irnprovement in thc condition of thc hostages. Should thc Court
dctcrminei t essentialtoany aspect or our rcqiicst presently before thc Courkto
rcccive additional information in this rcgard, we would apprcciate being
inlormed of the specificncedand the particular aspect of the rnattcraffeçtedby
it,so that we migh- bülance the considcra~ionsin the best intcrcsts of the
hostages.
Thefirri.iuhmissionofthe UnitedSraresreques~jor ~he ~ndicationofprovisional
meCrSurc. vswrirdedas,follnws

"Thur the Governnlenl i~fIran ~nimediateiyreleuscal! hostages of Uniied
Siulcs nazionalitj~andfucilirate rheprornpl und saje departurcfrom lrun oj'
ihesepersons and ail (iiher United Stores aficial.in dignified and humane
rirrumsrancer:"

WouM the Ageni oJ the United Sluieshe so good as to providejurther details
regarding the persons referredtr,herein as "al1otht'r United States oficial~"?
D. Thrs statcment was made in order Lo ensure that al1US oficials who rnay
bein Irariwould be permitted to Icave.Inaddition to thc United Statesokials
bclievcdta be held hostagc at the EmbassyinTchran, the United StatesCkargk
d'Affaires,political counsellor and Ernbassy first secretary, mcmbcrs of the
Embüssy'sdiplornaticstaff, are çanfined at thcforcign rninistryand arç unüble
io leavc. It should be rocalled that, in February 1579, not only the United Statcs
Consulates ai Tabriz and Shirazbut the:United States Embassy in Tehran werc
attacked. The attacks wcre on a largc scale, and damage to United States
facilitiesas so extensivethat, for somesixwccksafter the attacks, the work of
United States officialshad to be conducted Gom the residencesof the United
Statcs Ambassador, thc Deputy Chicf of Mission and other outlying offices.
Thcrc was a Pack of accessto filesand to the most ordinary working material,
including paper and othcr officesupplies, whichare normally required in the
operation of diplornatic and consular facilitiesdi the same timc, the formal
governmcntal structure of Iran did not appear Io exercise much power or
authority; cvents moved quicklyand werc in a constant state of Rux.
Tn thcsc confused circumstances, the Ambassador of the United States at
Tehran and his çolleaguesmade oral protcsts, during and after the atracks, to
officials ofhc Government of Iran. United States officialsalso raised orally the
concern of the UnitedStatesGovcrnment that thc ForeignMinisterof Iran failcd
to cornepromplly to the Embassy toexpressin pcrson hisregretsat the aitacks.
Subsequently, the United States Embassy sent a note or notes tothe lranian
Foreign Ministry listing the damaçes to the United States Embassy and, itis
bclieved, theConsulate in Tabriz (there does not appear to have been consc-
quential material damage to the Consulate in Shiraz). Copies ofthcsc notes are
believedtu be rn the filesof the United States Ernbassyin Tehran and are nat
currently acccssibleto the Government of thc United Statcs.
In the foregoing connections, the Court may find of intercst the following
cxcerpt from a briefingby the press spokesmanof the Department of Staie on 14
February 1979:

"There was a pcriod, which 1 do noi have a fix on, when thc attackers
werein there.T understand rhat the Chancery is sobadly tear-gasscd that it
isnot usable at this time.Thcre was, by the initial wave ofattackers, sorne
ucts of pillagingof zhcArnbassador's residence. But 1just don't know at
this point how long, in fact, once the followers of thc provisional
govcrnment came back in-how long they were insidc those buildings, or
what the status1sright now-1 wasjusi handed a note. 1 thought I said this,
but on the question of the responsibility for the attack, we clearly have
stated ihatthe government not only wasn't rcsponsiblefor the attack but
that the government acted quickly and eficiently to try to deal with the
attackers and to gct them out of there. And I want to reemphasize thai."
As the foregoing statement indicatcs, the Governmcnt of Iran, at that time,
appeared to recognize its obligations under custamary international lüw and
treaties in Forcetodeal with the attackers. This is confirmed by the following
telegram frorn the United States Embassy in Tehran, signed by Ambassador
Sullivan, of11 March 1479:

'Sec p.502,~nfra.
'Swp 501, infra. DOCUMENTS 119

"Attack on Embassy. WC receivcd on March 11 a letter from Prime
Ministcr Bazargan datcd March I expressing regrets for the Fcbruary 14
attack on the Embassy and COI willingness to reimburse us for the
damages sustaincd. The full text of the letter, completc with spelling and
other errors, follows: 'The Provisional Revolutionary Government of Iran
present thcir compliments to the Embassy of thc United Svatesof America,
and whilc cxpressing their dccp rcgrct at the incident which occurred on
Fcbruary 14, 1979,would like to statc thathc said regrettable occurrence
was instigatcd by anti-revolutionary elcmcnts. The Govcrnmenthave made
arrangemcnts to prcvent seriously the repetition of such incidents. It is
requestcd that the regrets of this Governmcnt bc communicatcd to thc
United States Government. Furthcrmore, this Government would like to
dcclarc their rcadiness to indemnify the damages caused by the abovc
incidcnt. The Provisional Revolutionary Government of Iran avail them-
selvcsof this opportunity to rcncwthe assurances of their highcst considcra-
tion.'(Signed M ehdi Bazargan, Prime Minister."
It is not known to thc Government of the Unitcd States at this juncture
whethcr the United Statcs protests rcfcrrcd to above expressly invokcd the
Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights with Iran or other
trcaty rights of the United Statcs which bore upon the incidents in question. As
noted, records of those protcsts are, to the best of its knowledge, in the filesof
the United States Embassy in Tehran and arc not accessible to United States
authoritics. In any event, ites not appear that the Government of Iran was
then disposed to contest its responsibility to thc United Svatesfor the attacks on
United States prcmiscsfor, whileattributing thcse attacks to "anti-rcvolutionary
elements", it expressed its dcep regret, gave assurances that it would prcvent
furthcr attacks, and declarcd itsadiness to pay for the damagc caused by the
attacks.