INTEiRNATIONAL COUOF JUSTICE
REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS
FISHER.IESJURISDICTION CASE
(FEDERAL R:EPUBLIC OF GERMANY v.ICELAND)
CONTINIUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION
ORDER OF 12 JULY 1973
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
:RECUEILDES ARRÊTS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES
AFFAIRE DELA COMPÉTENCE
EN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES
(RÉPUBLIQUE FÉDÉRALE D'ALLEMAGNE c. ISLANDE)
MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES
ORDONNANCEDU 12JUILLET1973 Officia1citation:
Fisheries Jurisdiction(FederakRepublic ofGermny v. Iceland),
InterI.C.J. Reports 1973,p. 313.y 1973,
Mode officielde citation:
Compétenceen matière depécheriesfédéraled'Allemagne
ordonnancedu 12juillet 1973, C.I.J. Recueil 1973,p. 313.
saiemumber383 1
Node vente: 12 JULY 1973
ORDER
FISHERIESJURISDICTION CASE
(FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY v.ICELAND)
CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION
AFFAIRE DE LA COMPÉTENCE
IZN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES
(RÉPUBLIQUE FÉDÉRALE D'ALLEMAGNE c. ISLANDE)
MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES
12 JUILLET 1973
ORDONNANCE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
1973 YEAR 1973
12July
GeNo.56List
12July 1973
FISHERIES JURISDICTION CASE
(FEDERAL REPUBLLC OF GERMANY
v.ICELAND)
CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION
ORDER
Present: President LACHS;Vice-President AMMOU,udges FORSTER,
GROS, BENGZON, PETRÉN,ONYEAMA,IGNACIO-PINTO DE
CASTRO,MOROZOVJ,IMÉNEZ DE ARÉCHAGAS,ir Humphrey
WALDOCK N,AGENDRS AINGHR, UDA;egktrar AQUARONE.
The International Court of Justice,
Composed asabove,
After deliberation,
Having regard to Articlesand 48 of the Statute of the Court,
Having regard to Articleof the 1946Rules of Court,
Having regard to the Application by the Federal Republic of Germany
filed in the Registry of the Court on1972,instituting proceedings
against the Republic of Iceland, Having regard to the request for the indication of interim measures of
protection filedby the Federal Republic inthe Registry on 21July 1972,
Having regard to the Order of the Court dated 17August 1972by which
the Court indicated interim ineasures of protection in this case,
Makes thefollon.it~gOrder:
1. Having regard to the conimunication dated 22 June 1973and filed
in the Registry the same day, in which the Agent for the Applicant
referred to operative paragraph (2) of the Court's Order of 17 August
1972,providing for review ofthe matter at the request of either Party, and
asked the Court irlteralia to confirn~the opinion of the Governinent of
the Federal Republic of Germany that the Order of 17August 1972will
continue to be operative after 15August 1973;
2. Whereas the Government of Iceland was forthwith notified by
telegram of the communication of 22 June 1973,a copy of which was at
the same tinie transmitted to it by express air mail;
3. Whereas the Government of Iceland has by a telegram of 2July 1973
submitted observations on the request by the Agent for the Applicant in
his communication of 22June 1973,protesting against the continuation of
the measures indicated, maintaining that highly mobile fishing fleets
should not be allowed to inflict a constant threat of deterioration of the
fishstocks and endanger the viability of a one-source economy, and con-
cluding that to freeze the present dangerous situation might cause irre-
parable harm to the interests of the Icelandic nation;
4. Having regard to the Judgment of 2 February 1973 by which the
Court found that it had jurisdiction to entertain the Application filed by
the Government of the Federal Republic on 5June 1972and to deal with
the merits of the dispute;
5. Having regard to the Order of 15February 1973by which the Court
fixedtime-liniits for the written proceedings on the inerits;
6. Having been informed by the Applicant's communication of 22June
1973that negotiations are taking place betweenthe Statesconcerned with a
view to reachiiig an interim arrangement pending final settlement of the
dispute;
7. Whereas the provisional measures indicated by the Court and con-
firmed by the present Order do not exclude an interim arrangement which
may be agreed upon by the Governments concerned, based on catch-
limitation figures different from that indicated as a maximum in the
Court's Order of 17August 1972and on related restrictions concerning
areas closed to fishing, number and type of vesselsallowed and forms of
control of the agreed provisions;
8. Whereas the Court, pending the final decision, and in the absence
of such interim arrangement, must remain concerned to preserve, by the315 FISHERIES JURISDICTION(ORDER 12VI173)
indication of provisional measures, the rights which may subsequently be
adjudged by the Court to belong respectivelyto the Parties;
Accordingly,
by 11votes to 3,
Confirms that the provisional measures indicated in operative para-
graph (1) of the Order of 17August 1972should, subject to the power of
revocation or modification conferred on the Court by paragraph 7 of
Article 61 of the 1946Rules, remain operative until the Court has given
finaljudgment in the case.
Done in English and in French, the English text beingauthoritative, at
the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twelfth day of July, one thousandne
hundred and seventy-three,in four copies, one of whichwill be placed in
the archives of the Court, and the others transmitted respectively to the
Government ofthe Republic of Iceland, to the Government ofthe Federal
Republic of Germany and to the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations
for transmission to the Security Council.
(Signed) Manfred LACHS,
President.
(Signed) S. AQUARONE,
Registrar.
Judge IGNACIO-PINT mOakes the following declaration:
1 concurred in the Court's Orders of 17 August 1972 granting the
United Kingdom in one case, and the Federal Republic of Germany in
the other, the interim measures of protection they had requested in their
dispute with Iceland; but1 am unable to concur in the present Order. 1
have voted against it for reasons based on the following considerations:
1. The Court, in confirming the interim measures indicated in the
earlierOrder of 17 August 1972, has not, in rny view, taken sufficient
account of the circumstances that have arisenincethat Order was made.
In my view, bearing in mind Article 61, paragraph 7, of itsules, the
Court ought first to have ascertained with care whether the new aspects
of the situation did not necessitate either the revocation or, at least, the
modification of the terms of therder of 17August 1972.316 FISHERIES JURISDICTION (DECLI.GNACIO-PINTO)
The reason isthat, as no-one can be unaware, there have been numerous
clashes in the disputed fishery-zone between Icelandic coastguard vessels
and trawlers flying the British or Federal German flag. Some of these
incidents, such as collision between two vessels or the firing of shells by
Icelandic coastguard vessels, were in my view grave enough to warrant
the exercise by the Court of its right to modify the terms of its original
decision.
2. Furthermore, these incidents, in my judgment, constitute so many
flagrant violations on either side of the operative part of the Orders of
17 August 1972.The measures should therefore be reviewed, and others
indicated concerning interalia the presence of warships.
It istrue that the present Order ismade "subject to thepower of revoca-
tion or modification" conferred on the Court by Article 61, paragraph 7,
of its Rules, but the renewal of the interim measures indicated on 17
August 1972~intilthe Court has givenfinaljudgment inthe case is fraught
with risk, given the prevailing tension between the disputants. If other,
much graver incidents were to occur before finaljudgment was given, the
Court would be open to criticism for failure to exercise vigilance.
Such are the considerations which precluded me from joining the
majority of the Co~irtin voting for the present Order.
Judges GROSand PETRÉN append dissenting opinions to the Order of
the Court.
(Initialledl M.L.
(Initialled) S.A.
INTEiRNATIONAL COUOF JUSTICE
REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS
FISHER.IESJURISDICTION CASE
(FEDERAL R:EPUBLIC OF GERMANY v.ICELAND)
CONTINIUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION
ORDER OF 12 JULY 1973
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
:RECUEILDES ARRÊTS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES
AFFAIRE DELA COMPÉTENCE
EN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES
(RÉPUBLIQUE FÉDÉRALE D'ALLEMAGNE c. ISLANDE)
MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES
ORDONNANCEDU 12JUILLET1973 Officia1citation:
Fisheries Jurisdiction(FederakRepublic ofGermny v. Iceland),
InterI.C.J. Reports 1973,p. 313.y 1973,
Mode officielde citation:
Compétenceen matière depécheriesfédéraled'Allemagne
ordonnancedu 12juillet 1973, C.I.J. Recueil 1973,p. 313.
saiemumber383 1
Node vente: 12 JULY 1973
ORDER
FISHERIESJURISDICTION CASE
(FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY v.ICELAND)
CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION
AFFAIRE DE LA COMPÉTENCE
IZN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES
(RÉPUBLIQUE FÉDÉRALE D'ALLEMAGNE c. ISLANDE)
MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES
12 JUILLET 1973
ORDONNANCE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
1973 YEAR 1973
12July
GeNo.56List
12July 1973
FISHERIES JURISDICTION CASE
(FEDERAL REPUBLLC OF GERMANY
v.ICELAND)
CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION
ORDER
Present: President LACHS;Vice-President AMMOU,udges FORSTER,
GROS, BENGZON, PETRÉN,ONYEAMA,IGNACIO-PINTO DE
CASTRO,MOROZOVJ,IMÉNEZ DE ARÉCHAGAS,ir Humphrey
WALDOCK N,AGENDRS AINGHR, UDA;egktrar AQUARONE.
The International Court of Justice,
Composed asabove,
After deliberation,
Having regard to Articlesand 48 of the Statute of the Court,
Having regard to Articleof the 1946Rules of Court,
Having regard to the Application by the Federal Republic of Germany
filed in the Registry of the Court on1972,instituting proceedings
against the Republic of Iceland, COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
1973
Rôle général
no56
12juillet1973
AFFAIREDE LA COMPÉTENCE
EN '~ATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES
(RÉPUBLIQUE FÉDÉRALE D'ALLEMAGNE
c. ISLANDE)
MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR
DE MESURES CONSERVATOIRES
ORDONNANCE
Présents:M. LACHSP,résident;M. AMMOUN ,ice-Président;MM. FOR-
STER,GROS,BENGZON;PETRÉN,ONYEAMAI,GNACIO-PINTO,
DECASTROM , OROZOV J,MÉNEZDE ARÉCHAGA si,r Humphrey
WALDOCKM , M. NAGENDRA SINGH,RUDA, juges; M. AQUA-
RONEG, refier.
La Cour internationale de Justice,
Ainsi composée,
Aprèsdélibéré enhambre du conseil,
Vu les articlesr:t48 du Statut de la Cour,
Vu l'article 61 du Règlementde la Cour de
Vu la requêteenregistréeau Greffe de la Cour le 5juin 1972,par la-
quelle la République féde'Allemagnea introduit une instance contre
la République'Islande,
4 Having regard to the request for the indication of interim measures of
protection filedby the Federal Republic inthe Registry on 21July 1972,
Having regard to the Order of the Court dated 17August 1972by which
the Court indicated interim ineasures of protection in this case,
Makes thefollon.it~gOrder:
1. Having regard to the conimunication dated 22 June 1973and filed
in the Registry the same day, in which the Agent for the Applicant
referred to operative paragraph (2) of the Court's Order of 17 August
1972,providing for review ofthe matter at the request of either Party, and
asked the Court irlteralia to confirn~the opinion of the Governinent of
the Federal Republic of Germany that the Order of 17August 1972will
continue to be operative after 15August 1973;
2. Whereas the Government of Iceland was forthwith notified by
telegram of the communication of 22 June 1973,a copy of which was at
the same tinie transmitted to it by express air mail;
3. Whereas the Government of Iceland has by a telegram of 2July 1973
submitted observations on the request by the Agent for the Applicant in
his communication of 22June 1973,protesting against the continuation of
the measures indicated, maintaining that highly mobile fishing fleets
should not be allowed to inflict a constant threat of deterioration of the
fishstocks and endanger the viability of a one-source economy, and con-
cluding that to freeze the present dangerous situation might cause irre-
parable harm to the interests of the Icelandic nation;
4. Having regard to the Judgment of 2 February 1973 by which the
Court found that it had jurisdiction to entertain the Application filed by
the Government of the Federal Republic on 5June 1972and to deal with
the merits of the dispute;
5. Having regard to the Order of 15February 1973by which the Court
fixedtime-liniits for the written proceedings on the inerits;
6. Having been informed by the Applicant's communication of 22June
1973that negotiations are taking place betweenthe Statesconcerned with a
view to reachiiig an interim arrangement pending final settlement of the
dispute;
7. Whereas the provisional measures indicated by the Court and con-
firmed by the present Order do not exclude an interim arrangement which
may be agreed upon by the Governments concerned, based on catch-
limitation figures different from that indicated as a maximum in the
Court's Order of 17August 1972and on related restrictions concerning
areas closed to fishing, number and type of vesselsallowed and forms of
control of the agreed provisions;
8. Whereas the Court, pending the final decision, and in the absence
of such interim arrangement, must remain concerned to preserve, by the Vu la demande en indication de mesures conservatoires de la Répu-
blique fédéraled'Allemagne, enregistréeau Greffe le 21juillet 1972,
Vu l'ordonnance du 17 août 1972par laquelle la Cour a indiqué des
mesures conservatoii:es en l'affaire,
Rend l'ordonnance suivante:
1. Vu la communication datée du 22juin 1973,enregistréeau Greffe
le mêmejour, où l'agent du demandeur, se référantau paragraphe 2 du
dispositif de l'ordonnance de la Cour du 17août 1972,qui prévoitque la
Cour réexaminerala question à la demande de l'une ou l'autre Partie, a
notamment priéla Cour de confirmer l'interprétation du Gouvernement
de la République fédérale d'Allemagne selon laquellel'ordonnance du 17
août 1972restera en .vigueuraprèsle 15août 1973;
2. Considérant que le Gouvernement islandais a été avisé par télé-
gramme de la communication du 22juin 1973dont copie lui a étésimul-
tanémenttransmise par courrier aérienexprès;
3. Considérant que, par télégranimedu 2 juillet 1973, le Gouverne-
ment islandais a présentédes observations sur la demande formuléepar
l'agent du demandeur dans sa communication du 22 juin 1973, qu'il a
protesté contre le maintien en vigueur des mesures conservatoires indi-
quées,soutenu qu'il ne devrait pas être admisque des flottes de pêche
très mobiles menacent constamment de porter atteinte aux stocks de
poisson et mettent en danger le maintien en vie d'une économie fondée
sur un élément unique et conclu que la cristallisation de la situation
dangereuse actuelle pourrait causer un préjudice irréparable aux in-
térêtsde la nation islandaise;
4. Vu l'arrêt du 2février 1973, par lequel la Cour a dit qu'elle avait
con~pétencepour connaître de la requête déposép ear le Gouvernement
de la République fédérale le 5juin 1972et statuer sur lefond du différend;
5. Vu l'ordonnance du 15 février 1973, par laquelle la Cour a fixéla
date d'expiration des délaispour la procédure écritesur lefond;
6. Ayant été informée par la lettre du demandeur en date du 22 juin
1973que des négociations ont lieu entre les Etats intéressés afinde par-
venir à un arrangement provisoire en attendant le règlement définitifdu
différend:
7. Considérant que les mesures provisoires indiquées par la Cour et
confirméespar la présenteordonnance n'excluent pas que les gouverne-
ments intéressés puissentparvenir à un arrangement provisoire fondé sur
des chiffres prévoyant, pour les prises de poisson, des limitations autres
que le maximum indiqué dans l'ordonnance de la Cour du 17août 1972
et sur des restrictions connexes concernant les zones interdites à la
pêche,le nombre et le type des navires autoriséset les modalitésde con-
trôle des dispositionis convenues;
8.Considérant que la Cour, en attendant l'arrêtdéfinitifet en I'ab-
sence d'un tel arrangement provisoire, doit toujours se préoccuper de315 FISHERIES JURISDICTION(ORDER 12VI173)
indication of provisional measures, the rights which may subsequently be
adjudged by the Court to belong respectivelyto the Parties;
Accordingly,
by 11votes to 3,
Confirms that the provisional measures indicated in operative para-
graph (1) of the Order of 17August 1972should, subject to the power of
revocation or modification conferred on the Court by paragraph 7 of
Article 61 of the 1946Rules, remain operative until the Court has given
finaljudgment in the case.
Done in English and in French, the English text beingauthoritative, at
the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twelfth day of July, one thousandne
hundred and seventy-three,in four copies, one of whichwill be placed in
the archives of the Court, and the others transmitted respectively to the
Government ofthe Republic of Iceland, to the Government ofthe Federal
Republic of Germany and to the Secretary-General ofthe United Nations
for transmission to the Security Council.
(Signed) Manfred LACHS,
President.
(Signed) S. AQUARONE,
Registrar.
Judge IGNACIO-PINT mOakes the following declaration:
1 concurred in the Court's Orders of 17 August 1972 granting the
United Kingdom in one case, and the Federal Republic of Germany in
the other, the interim measures of protection they had requested in their
dispute with Iceland; but1 am unable to concur in the present Order. 1
have voted against it for reasons based on the following considerations:
1. The Court, in confirming the interim measures indicated in the
earlierOrder of 17 August 1972, has not, in rny view, taken sufficient
account of the circumstances that have arisenincethat Order was made.
In my view, bearing in mind Article 61, paragraph 7, of itsules, the
Court ought first to have ascertained with care whether the new aspects
of the situation did not necessitate either the revocation or, at least, the
modification of the terms of therder of 17August 1972.sauvegarder, par 1'i.ndication de mesures conservatoires, les droits
qu'elle pourrait éverituellementreconnaître dans cet arrêt à l'une ou
l'autre des Parties;
En conséquence,
par onze voix contre trois,
Confirme que, sous réservedu pouvoir de révocation ou de modifica-
tion que l'article 61, paragraphe 7, du Règlement de 1946 confère à la
Cour, les mesures conservatoires indiquéesau paragraphe 1du dispositif
de l'ordonnance du 17août 1972resteront en vigueur jusqu'à ce que la
Cour ait rendu son arrêtdéfinitif en l'affaire.
Fait en anglais et en français, le texte anglais faisant foi, au palais de
la Paix,à La Haye, le:douzejuillet mil neuf cent soixante-treize, en quatre
exemplaires, dont l'un restera déposé auxarchives de la Cour et dont les
autres seront transmis respectivement au Gouvernement de la République
d'Islande, au Gouvernement de la République fédéraled'Allemagne et
au Secrétaire généralde l'organisation des Nations Unies pour trans-
mission au Conseil d.esécurité.
Le Président,
(Signé) Manfred LACHS.
Le Greffier,
(Signé) S. AQUARONE.
M. IGNACIO-PINTjO ug,e, fait la déclarationsuivante:
J'avais souscrit aux ordonnances de la Cour, en date du 17août 1972,
accordant le bénéfice d:es mesures provisoires sollicitéesd'une part par le
Royaume-Uni et d'autre part par la République fédéraled'Allemagne
dans le différendqui les oppose à l'Islande, mais je ne saurais faire de
même à l'occasion dela présenteordonnance. J'ai votécontre ladite or-
donnance et mon oplpositionest fondéesur lesconsidérations qui suivent:
1. La Cour n'a p.as à mon avis assez tenu compte des circonstances '
survenues depuis la premièreordonnance du 17août 1972pour confirmer
les mesures conservatoires édictéesdans icelle.
A mon avis, compte tenu de l'article 61, paragraphe 7, de son Règle-
ment, la Cour devrait d'abord s'informer attentivement si les nouveaux
aspects du différendne nécessitentpas sinon de rapporter du moins de
modifier la teneur del'ordonnance du !7 août 1972.316 FISHERIES JURISDICTION (DECLI.GNACIO-PINTO)
The reason isthat, as no-one can be unaware, there have been numerous
clashes in the disputed fishery-zone between Icelandic coastguard vessels
and trawlers flying the British or Federal German flag. Some of these
incidents, such as collision between two vessels or the firing of shells by
Icelandic coastguard vessels, were in my view grave enough to warrant
the exercise by the Court of its right to modify the terms of its original
decision.
2. Furthermore, these incidents, in my judgment, constitute so many
flagrant violations on either side of the operative part of the Orders of
17 August 1972.The measures should therefore be reviewed, and others
indicated concerning interalia the presence of warships.
It istrue that the present Order ismade "subject to thepower of revoca-
tion or modification" conferred on the Court by Article 61, paragraph 7,
of its Rules, but the renewal of the interim measures indicated on 17
August 1972~intilthe Court has givenfinaljudgment inthe case is fraught
with risk, given the prevailing tension between the disputants. If other,
much graver incidents were to occur before finaljudgment was given, the
Court would be open to criticism for failure to exercise vigilance.
Such are the considerations which precluded me from joining the
majority of the Co~irtin voting for the present Order.
Judges GROSand PETRÉN append dissenting opinions to the Order of
the Court.
(Initialledl M.L.
(Initialled) S.A. En effet, nul n'ignore que de multiples incidents ont eu lieu dans la
zone de pêchecontestéeentre les gardes-côtes islandais et les chalutiers
battant pavillon du Royaume-Uni et de l'Allemagne fédérale.Certains
de ces incidents revêtent à mes yeux suffisamment de gravité,tel par
exemple l'abordage de deux navires ou des coups de canon tiréspar les
gardes-côtes islandais, pour autoriser la Cour d'user de son droit de
modifier la teneur de sa première décision.
2. Par ailleurs,e:; incidents constituenà mes yeux autant de viola-
tions flagrantes de part et d'autre du dispositif des ordonnances du 17
août 1972. 11y a donc lieu de revoir les mesures ordonnées et en édicter
d'autres touchant noitamment la présencedes bateaux de guerre.
Sans doute, l'ordoinnancede cejour est prise((sous réservedu pouvoir
de révocationou de modification de la Cour» de l'article 61, paragraphe
7, de son Règlement.,mais la reconduction des mesures conservatoires
ordonnées le 17 août 1972 jusqu'à ce que la Cour ait rendu son arrêt
définitifen l'affaire est grossede risques, compte tenu de la tension exis-
tant à l'heure actuellleentre les litigants. Si d'autres incidents beaucoup
plus graves survenaient avant que l'arrêtdéfinitifn'intervienne, on pour-
rait reprochera la Cour d'avoir manquéde vigilance.
Telles sont les considérations qui m'ont empêchéde m'associer à la
majoritéde la Cour cluia souscrià la présenteordonnance.
MM. GROSet PETRÉNj,uges, joignent à l'ordonnance les exposésde
leur opinion dissidente.
(Paraphé)M.L.
(Paraphé) S.A.
Continuance of interim measures of protection
Order of 12 July 1973