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Replies from the Republic of Vanuatu and the Melanesian Spearhead Group to the
questions put by Judges Cleveland, Tladi, Aurescu and Charlesworth at the end of the
public sitting of Friday 13 December in the oral proceedings concerning the request for
an advisory opinion on the Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change
20 December 2024
Contents
Question put by Judge Cleveland: ................................ …………………………………………..2

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
REQUEST BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION
“OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE”
WRITTEN REPLIES OF
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
DECEMBER 20, 2024
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Question put by Judge Cleveland

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION)
URUGUAY
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS PUT BY JUDGES
CLEVELAND, TLADI, AURESCU AND CHARLESWORTH
20 December 2024
1
I. Question put by Judge Cleveland
1. “During these proceedings, a number of participants have referred to the production of
fossil fuels in the context of climate change, including with respect to subsidies. In your
view, what are the specific obligations under international law of States within whose

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES IN RESPECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
(REQUEST BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR AN
ADVISORY OPINION)
WRITTEN REPLIES TO QUESTIONS
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
NORTHERN IRELAND
20 DECEMBER 2024
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. QUESTION PUT BY JUDGE CLEVELAND .......................................................... 1
II. QUESTION PUT BY JUDGE TLADI ....................................................................... 3