22 FÉVRIER 2023 ORDONNANCE APPLICATION DE LA CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE SUR L’ÉLIMINATION DE TOUTES LES FORMES DE DISCRIMINATION RACIALE (AZERBAÏDJAN c. ARMÉNIE) ___________ APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (AZERBAIJAN v. ARMENIA) 22 FEBRUARY 2023 ORDER TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs CHRONOLOGY OF THE PROCEDURE 1-12 I. PRIMA FACIE JURISDICTION 13 II. THE PROVISIONAL MEASURES REQUESTED BY AZERBAIJAN 14-24 III. CONCLUSION 25-26 OPERATIVE CLAUSE 27 ___________ INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE YEAR 2023 2023 22 February General List No. 181 22 February 2023 APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (AZERBAIJAN v. ARMENIA) REQUEST FOR THE INDICATION OF PROVISIONAL MEASURES ORDER Present: President DONOGHUE; Vice-President GEVORGIAN; Judges TOMKA, ABRAHAM, BENNOUNA, YUSUF, XUE, SEBUTINDE, ROBINSON, SALAM, IWASAWA, NOLTE, CHARLESWORTH, BRANT; Judges ad hoc KEITH, DAUDET; Registrar GAUTIER. The International Court of Justice, Composed as above, After deliberation, Having regard to Articles 41 and 48 of the Statute of the Court and Articles 73, 74, 75 and 76 of the Rules of Court, Makes the following Order: - 2 - 1. By an Application filed in the Registry of the Court on 23 September 2021, the Republic of Azerbaijan (hereinafter “Azerbaijan”) instituted proceedings against the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter “Armenia”) concerning alleged violations of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 21 December 1965 (hereinafter “CERD” or the “Convention”). 2. On the same day, Azerbaijan also submitted a Request for the indication of provisional measures, referring to Article 41 of the Statute and to Articles 73, 74 and 75 of the Rules of Court (the “first Request”). 3. After hearing the Parties, the Court, by an Order of 7 December 2021, indicated the following provisional measures: “(1) The Republic of Armenia shall, in accordance with its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, take all necessary measures to prevent the incitement and promotion of racial hatred, including by organizations and private persons in its territory, targeted at persons of Azerbaijani national or ethnic origin; (2) Both Parties shall refrain from any action which might aggravate or extend the dispute before the Court or make it more difficult to resolve.” (Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Azerbaijan v. Armenia), Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December 2021, I.C.J. Reports 2021, pp. 430-431, para. 76). 4. By an Order of 21 January 2022, the Court fixed 23 January 2023 and 23 January 2024 as the respective time-limits for the filing of a Memorial by Azerbaijan and a Counter-Memorial by Armenia. The Memorial was filed within the time-limit thus prescribed. 5. On 4 January 2023, Azerbaijan, referring to Article 41 of the Statute and Articles 73, 74 and 75 of the Rules of Court, filed a new Request for the indication of provisional measures (the “second Request”). 6. In its second Request, Azerbaijan states that “new evidence has emerged that Armenia, contradicting representations it made to the Court in 2021, deliberately continued to lay landmines in or after 2021 in civilian zones to which displaced Azerbaijanis are slated to return”. It adds that in October 2022, Azerbaijan also discovered in civilian homes booby traps planted by or whose planting was facilitated by Armenian forces. According to the Applicant, “[t]o date, Armenia has refused to share information in its possession about the location of landmines and booby traps laid in areas over which Azerbaijan has recently regained control”. Azerbaijan contends that Armenia’s conduct is discriminatory both in purpose and effect, and that the ongoing and serious threat of irreparable harm to its rights under CERD renders its second Request urgent. - 3 - 7. At the end of its second Request for the indication of provisional measures, Azerbaijan requests that the Court indicate the following provisional measures: “(a) Armenia shall immediately take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the towns, villages, and other areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return in the Lachin District, Kalbajar District and other formerly occupied districts of Azerbaijan, including by providing information about the location, quantity, type and characteristics of landmines, booby traps and any other explosive devices in these areas, in order to enable Azerbaijani internally displaced persons to return to their homes; and (b) Armenia shall immediately cease and desist from any further efforts to plant or to sponsor or support the planting of landmines and booby traps in these areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return in Azerbaijan’s territory, including, but not limited to, the use of the Lachin Corridor for this purpose.” 8. The Deputy-Registrar immediately communicated a copy of the second Request to the Government of Armenia, in accordance with Article 73, paragraph 2, of the Rules of Court. He also notified the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the filing by Azerbaijan on 4 January 2023 of the second Request for the indication of provisional measures. 9. By letters dated 6 January 2023, the Deputy-Registrar informed the Parties that the Court had fixed 31 January 2023 as the date for the oral proceedings on the second Request for the indication of provisional measures filed by Azerbaijan. 10. At the public hearing, oral observations on the second Request for the indication of provisional measures filed by Azerbaijan were presented by: On behalf of Azerbaijan: H.E. Mr. Elnur Mammadov, Mr. Vaughan Lowe, Ms Catherine Amirfar, Ms Natalie Reid, Ms Laurence Boisson de Chazournes. On behalf of Armenia: H.E. Mr. Yeghishe Kirakosyan, Mr. Sean Murphy, Mr. Robert Kolb, Mr. Pierre d’Argent. 11. At the end of its oral observations, Azerbaijan asked the Court to indicate the following provisional measures: “(a) Armenia shall immediately take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the towns, villages, and other areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return in the Lachin District, Kalbajar District and other formerly occupied districts of Azerbaijan, including by providing - 4 - information about the location, quantity, type and characteristics of landmines, booby traps and other explosive devices in these areas, in order to enable Azerbaijani internally displaced persons to return to their homes, and (b) Armenia shall immediately cease and desist from any further efforts to plant or to sponsor or support the planting of landmines and booby traps in these areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return in Azerbaijan’s territory, including, but not limited to, the use of the Lachin Corridor for this purpose.” 12. At the end of its oral observations, Armenia requested the Court “to reject Azerbaijan’s request for the indication of provisional measures in full”. * * * I. PRIMA FACIE JURISDICTION 13. The Court recalls that, in its Order of 7 December 2021 indicating provisional measures in the present case, it concluded that “prima facie, it has jurisdiction pursuant to Article 22 of CERD to entertain the case to the extent that the dispute between the Parties relates to the ‘interpretation or application’ of the Convention” (Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Azerbaijan v. Armenia), Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December 2021, I.C.J. Reports 2021, p. 418, para. 40). The Court sees no reason to revisit this conclusion for the purposes of the present Request. II. THE PROVISIONAL MEASURES REQUESTED BY AZERBAIJAN 14. The Court recalls that, in its first Request for the indication of provisional measures, Azerbaijan had asked the Court to order, inter alia, that: “(a) Armenia shall take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the landmines laid in Azerbaijan’s territory by the Armenian military and/or other groups under the direction, control, or sponsorship of Armenia, including by immediately providing comprehensive and accurate information about the location and characteristics of landmines in Azerbaijan’s territory; [and] (b) Armenia shall immediately cease and desist from endangering the lives of Azerbaijanis by planting or promoting or facilitating the planting of landmines in Azerbaijan’s territory” (ibid., p. 410, para. 11). In its Order of 7 December 2021, the Court, however, decided not to grant the above-mentioned measures. - 5 - 15. In its second Request for the indication of provisional measures, Azerbaijan asks the Court to order Armenia to “take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the towns, villages, and other areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return” and to “immediately cease and desist from any further efforts to plant or to sponsor or support the planting of landmines and booby traps in these areas”. 16. Azerbaijan argues that new facts, not available at the time of the first Request for the indication of provisional measures, show that Armenia has been laying landmines and planting booby traps specifically targeting civilians who are “Azerbaijani” (a term that Azerbaijan uses in the course of these proceedings to refer to persons of Azerbaijani national or ethnic origin). The Applicant refers to the alleged discovery in Azerbaijan’s territory, since August 2022, of over 2,700 landmines manufactured in Armenia in 2021. According to Azerbaijan, over half of those landmines were discovered in civilian areas to which Azerbaijani displaced persons and refugees are due to return, in accordance with the Statement by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and President of the Russian Federation of 9 November 2020 (the “Trilateral Statement”), in particular in the Lachin District and the Kalbajar District. Additionally, Azerbaijan refers to the alleged discovery, in October 2022, of “newly constructed” booby traps, made of military equipment such as hand grenades and landmines activated by trip wire, purposely hidden in civilian houses to which Azerbaijanis were expected to return. 17. Azerbaijan contends that the placement of landmines and booby traps in civilian areas previously inhabited by Azerbaijanis and to which they are due to return, following the terms of the Trilateral Statement, demonstrates the racially discriminatory nature of Armenia’s conduct. In this regard, Azerbaijan asserts that the placement of landmines and booby traps in those areas poses an ongoing threat of death or injury to Azerbaijani civilians attempting to return to their homes. 18. It further contends that the planting of explosives at those locations could serve no military purpose in light of the distance from the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan and from the old “line of contact” between the armed forces of the Parties. According to Azerbaijan, laying landmines in these circumstances serves no purpose other than to kill, harm and intimidate Azerbaijani civilians. * 19. Armenia, for its part, contends that it has “carried out minelaying exclusively within the sovereign territory of the Republic of Armenia for self-defense purposes only”. 20. Armenia explains that the Trilateral Statement provided that three districts Kalbajar, Agdam and Lachin were to be returned to Azerbaijan between November and December 2020 and that they have been under Azerbaijan’s control since then. Armenia contends that the presence of Armenian landmines in these districts, if established, can be explained by the fact that, at the end - 6 - of the conflict, there still existed a “contact line” in and around Nagorno-Karabakh and notes that the Trilateral Statement did not preclude armed forces from taking steps to secure their positions. Further, Armenia contends that the locations of the landmines found since August 2022 were not in “unequivocally civilian areas”. Armenia contends, in particular, that certain allegedly recently discovered landmines are in fact located around two kilometres from the villages referred to by Azerbaijan, that photographs show no civilian settlements or activity and thus the minelaying cannot be said to have targeted civilians. Armenia maintains that such laying of landmines along the “contact line” or along an international border for the purposes of military defence, and outside of civilian areas, does not concern any rights under CERD. 21. Regarding the placing of booby traps, Armenia first notes that these have been found solely in settlements “within the old Lachin Corridor”, an area over which Azerbaijan was allowed to take control, after the construction of the new road now connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia, which is under the control of Russian peacekeeping forces. Armenia further notes that no Armenian armed forces could possibly have been deployed in that area without being detected by the Russian peacekeeping forces, and that there is no evidence showing otherwise. Further, Armenia denies the use of booby traps by its own armed forces but observes that these devices could have been rigged by private individuals forced to leave their homes. * * 22. With regard to the plausibility of rights under CERD asserted by Azerbaijan with respect to Armenia’s alleged conduct in relation to landmines, the Court stated the following in its Order of 7 December 2021 in relation to the first Request: “[T]he Court recalls that Azerbaijan claims that this conduct is part of a longstanding campaign of ethnic cleansing. The Court recognizes that a policy of driving persons of a certain national or ethnic origin from a particular area, as well as preventing their return thereto, can implicate rights under CERD and that such a policy can be effected through a variety of military means. However, the Court does not consider that CERD plausibly imposes any obligation on Armenia to take measures to enable Azerbaijan to undertake demining or to cease and desist from planting landmines. Azerbaijan has not placed before the Court evidence indicating that Armenia’s alleged conduct with respect to landmines has ‘the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing’, of rights of persons of Azerbaijani national or ethnic origin.” (Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Azerbaijan v. Armenia), Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December 2021, I.C.J. Reports 2021, p. 425, para. 53.) - 7 - 23. Having considered the evidence of the Parties in relation to the second Request, the Court finds that the above-quoted conclusion also applies to the present circumstances, including the allegations regarding booby traps. 24. In light of the above, the Court considers that there is no need for it to examine whether the other conditions necessary for the indication of provisional measures are met. III. CONCLUSION 25. The Court concludes from the foregoing that the conditions for the indication of provisional measures under Article 41 of the Statute are not met. * * * 26. The Court notes that the provisional measures indicated in its Order of 7 December 2021 remain in effect. It reaffirms that the decision given in the present proceedings in no way prejudges the question of the jurisdiction of the Court to deal with the merits of the case or any questions relating to the admissibility of the Application or to the merits themselves. It leaves unaffected the right of the Governments of Azerbaijan and Armenia to submit arguments in respect of those questions. * * * 27. For these reasons, THE COURT, Unanimously, Rejects the Request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by the Republic of Azerbaijan on 4 January 2023. - 8 - Done in French and in English, the French text being authoritative, at the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twenty-second day of February, two thousand and twenty-three, in three copies, one of which will be placed in the archives of the Court and the others transmitted to the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Government of the Republic of Armenia, respectively. (Signed) Joan E. DONOGHUE, President. (Signed) Philippe GAUTIER, Registrar. Judge SEBUTINDE appends a declaration to the Order of the Court; Judges CHARLESWORTH and BRANT append a joint declaration to the Order of the Court; Judge ad hoc KEITH appends a declaration to the Order of the Court. (Initialled) J.E.D. (Initialled) Ph.G. ___________
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES
APPLICATION
DE LA CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE
SUR L’ÉLIMINATION DE TOUTES LES FORMES
DE DISCRIMINATION RACIALE
(AZERBAÏDJAN c. ARMÉNIE)
DEMANDE EN INDICATION
DE MESURES CONSERVATOIRES
ORDONNANCE DU 22 FÉVRIER 2023
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS
APPLICATION
OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS
OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
(AZERBAIJAN v. ARMENIA)
REQUEST FOR THE INDICATION
OF PROVISIONAL MEASURES
ORDER OF 22 FEBRUARY 2023
2023
No de vente :
Sales number
© 2024 CIJ/ICJ, Nations Unies/United Nations
Tous droits réservés/All rights reserved
imprimé en france/printed in france
ISSN 0074-4441 1278
ISBN 978-92-1-003944-4
Mode officiel de citation :
Application de la convention internationale
sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale
(Azerbaïdjan c. Arménie), mesures conservatoires,
ordonnance du 22 février 2023, C.I.J. Recueil 2023, p. 36
Official citation:
Application of the International Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(Azerbaijan v. Armenia), Provisional Measures,
Order of 22 February 2023, I.C.J. Reports 2023, p. 36
APPLICATION
DE LA CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE
SUR L’ÉLIMINATION DE TOUTES LES FORMES
DE DISCRIMINATION RACIALE
(AZERBAÏDJAN c. ARMÉNIE)
DEMANDE EN INDICATION
DE MESURES CONSERVATOIRES
APPLICATION
OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS
OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
(AZERBAIJAN v. ARMENIA)
REQUEST FOR THE INDICATION
OF PROVISIONAL MEASURES
22 FEBRUARY 2023
ORDER
22 FÉVRIER 2023
ORDONNANCE
36
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
Paragraphes
Qualités 1-12
I. Compétence prima facie 13
II. Mesures conservatoires demandées par l’Azerbaïdjan 14-24
III. Conclusion 25-26
Dispositif 27
36
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraphs
Chronology of the Procedure 1-12
I. Prima Facie Jurisdiction 13
II. The Provisional Measures Requested by Azerbaijan 14-24
III. Conclusion 25-26
Operative Clause 27
37
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
ANNÉE 2023
22 février 2023
APPLICATION
DE LA CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE
SUR L’ÉLIMINATION DE TOUTES LES FORMES
DE DISCRIMINATION RACIALE
(AZERBAÏDJAN c. ARMÉNIE)
DEMANDE EN INDICATION
DE MESURES CONSERVATOIRES
ORDONNANCE
Présents : Mme Donoghue, présidente ; M. Gevorgian, vice-président ;
MM. Tomka, Abraham, Bennouna, Yusuf, Mmes Xue,
Sebutinde, MM. Robinson, Salam, Iwasawa, Nolte,
Mme Charlesworth,
M. Brant, juges ; MM. Keith, Daudet,
juges ad hoc ; M. Gautier, greffier.
La Cour internationale de Justice,
Ainsi composée,
Après délibéré en chambre du conseil,
Vu les articles 41 et 48 du Statut de la Cour et les articles 73, 74, 75 et 76
de son Règlement,
Rend l’ordonnance suivante :
1. Par requête déposée au Greffe de la Cour le 23 septembre 2021,
la République d’Azerbaïdjan (ci-après l’« Azerbaïdjan ») a introduit contre
la République d’Arménie (ci-après l’« Arménie ») une instance concernant
des violations alléguées de la convention internationale du 21 décembre
2023
22 février
Rôle général
no 181
37
2023
22 February
General List
No. 181
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
YEAR 2023
22 February 2023
APPLICATION
OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS
OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
(AZERBAIJAN v. ARMENIA)
REQUEST FOR THE INDICATION
OF PROVISIONAL MEASURES
ORDER
Present: President Donoghue; Vice-President Gevorgian; Judges Tomka,
Abraham, Bennouna, Yusuf, Xue, Sebutinde, Robinson,
Salam, Iwasawa, Nolte, Charlesworth,
Brant; Judges ad hoc
Keith, Daudet; Registrar Gautier.
The International Court of Justice,
Composed as above,
After deliberation,
Having regard to Articles 41 and 48 of the Statute of the Court and
Articles 73, 74, 75 and 76 of the Rules of Court,
Makes the following Order:
1. By an Application filed in the Registry of the Court on 23 September
2021, the Republic of Azerbaijan (hereinafter “Azerbaijan”) instituted
proceedings against the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter “Armenia”)
concerning alleged violations of the International Convention on the
38 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
1965 sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (ci-après
la « CIEDR » ou la « convention »).
2. Se référant à l’article 41 du Statut de la Cour et aux articles 73, 74 et 75
de son Règlement, l’Azerbaïdjan a également présenté, le même jour, une
demande en indication de mesures conservatoires (la « première demande »).
3. La Cour, après avoir entendu les Parties, a indiqué les mesures conservatoires
suivantes dans l’ordonnance qu’elle a rendue le 7 décembre 2021 :
« 1) La République d’Arménie doit, conformément aux obligations
que lui impose la convention internationale sur l’élimination de toutes
les formes de discrimination raciale, prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires
pour empêcher l’incitation et l’encouragement à la haine raciale,
y compris par des organisations ou des personnes privées sur son
territoire,
contre les personnes d’origine nationale ou ethnique
azerbaïdjanaise ;
2) Les deux Parties doivent s’abstenir de tout acte qui risquerait
d’aggraver ou d’étendre le différend dont la Cour est saisie ou d’en rendre
le règlement plus difficile. » (Application de la convention internationale
sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale
(Azerbaïdjan c. Arménie), mesures conservatoires, ordonnance du
7 décembre 2021, C.I.J. Recueil 2021, p. 430-431, par. 76.)
4. Par ordonnance du 21 janvier 2022, la Cour a fixé au 23 janvier 2023 et
au 23 janvier 2024, respectivement, les dates d’expiration des délais pour le
dépôt d’un mémoire par l’Azerbaïdjan et d’un contre-mémoire par l’Arménie.
Le mémoire a été soumis dans le délai ainsi prescrit.
5. Le 4 janvier 2023, l’Azerbaïdjan, se référant à l’article 41 du Statut
de la Cour et aux articles 73, 74 et 75 de son Règlement, a présenté une
nouvelle demande en indication de mesures conservatoires (la « seconde
demande »).
6. Dans sa seconde demande, l’Azerbaïdjan affirme que « de nouvelles
preuves montrent que l’Arménie, contredisant les déclarations qu’elle a faites
devant la Cour en 2021, a délibérément continué de poser des mines terrestres
cette même année ou après, dans des zones civiles où les Azerbaïdjanais
déplacés prévoient de revenir ». Il ajoute que, en octobre 2022, il a également
découvert, dans des habitations civiles, des pièges que les forces arméniennes
avaient posés ou dont ils avaient facilité la pose. Selon le demandeur,
« [à] ce jour, l’Arménie refuse de partager les informations dont elle dispose
au sujet de l’emplacement des mines terrestres et des pièges posés dans les
zones dont l’Azerbaïdjan a récemment repris le contrôle ». L’Azerbaïdjan
soutient que le comportement de l’Arménie est discriminatoire tant par son
but que par son effet, et que, au regard du grave risque de préjudice irréparable
qui continue de peser sur les droits que lui confère la CIEDR, sa
seconde demande revêt un caractère urgent.
7. À la fin de sa seconde demande en indication de mesures conservatoires,
l’Azerbaïdjan prie la Cour d’indiquer les mesures conservatoires
suivantes :
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 38
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination of 21 December 1965
(hereinafter “CERD” or the “Convention”).
2. On the same day, Azerbaijan also submitted a Request for the indication
of provisional measures, referring to Article 41 of the Statute and to
Articles 73, 74 and 75 of the Rules of Court (the “first Request”).
3. After hearing the Parties, the Court, by an Order of 7 December 2021,
indicated the following provisional measures:
“(1) The Republic of Armenia shall, in accordance with its obligations
under the International Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Racial Discrimination, take all necessary measures to prevent
the incitement and promotion of racial hatred, including by organizations
and private persons in its territory, targeted at persons of Azerbaijani
national or ethnic origin;
(2) Both Parties shall refrain from any action which might aggravate
or extend the dispute before the Court or make it more difficult to
resolve.” (Application of the International Convention on the Elimination
of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Azerbaijan v. Armenia),
Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December 2021, I.C.J. Reports 2021,
pp. 430-431, para. 76.)
4. By an Order of 21 January 2022, the Court fixed 23 January 2023 and
23 January 2024 as the respective time-limits for the filing of a Memorial by
Azerbaijan and a Counter-Memorial by Armenia. The Memorial was filed
within the time-limit thus prescribed.
5. On 4 January 2023, Azerbaijan, referring to Article 41 of the Statute
and Articles 73, 74 and 75 of the Rules of Court, filed a new Request for the
indication of provisional measures (the “second Request”).
6. In its second Request, Azerbaijan states that “new evidence has
emerged that Armenia, contradicting representations it made to the Court in
2021, deliberately continued to lay landmines in or after 2021 in civilian
zones to which displaced Azerbaijanis are slated to return”. It adds that in
October 2022, Azerbaijan also discovered in civilian homes booby traps
planted by or whose planting was facilitated by Armenian forces. According
to the Applicant, “[t]o date, Armenia has refused to share information in its
possession about the location of landmines and booby traps laid in areas over
which Azerbaijan has recently regained control”. Azerbaijan contends that
Armenia’s conduct is discriminatory both in purpose and effect, and that the
ongoing and serious threat of irreparable harm to its rights under CERD
renders its second Request urgent.
7. At the end of its second Request for the indication of provisional measures,
Azerbaijan requests that the Court indicate the following provisional
measures:
39 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
« a) L’Arménie doit immédiatement prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires
pour permettre à l’Azerbaïdjan d’entreprendre un déminage
rapide, sûr et efficace des villes, villages et autres lieux où les civils
azerbaïdjanais reviendront dans les districts de Latchine et Kalbajar
et d’autres districts anciennement occupés de l’Azerbaïdjan, notamment
en communiquant l’emplacement, la quantité, le type et les
caractéristiques des mines terrestres, pièges et tous autres engins
explosifs présents dans ces zones, de sorte que les Azerbaïdjanais
déplacés dans leur propre pays puissent regagner leurs foyers.
b) L’Arménie doit immédiatement cesser et s’abstenir à l’avenir de
poser des mines terrestres et des pièges, ou d’en encourager ou faciliter
la pose, dans les zones du territoire de l’Azerbaïdjan où les civils
azerbaïdjanais retourneront, et notamment, mais pas seulement,
renoncer à utiliser le corridor de Latchine à cette fin. »
8. Le greffier adjoint a immédiatement transmis copie de la seconde
demande en indication de mesures conservatoires au Gouvernement de
l’Arménie, conformément au paragraphe 2 de l’article 73 du Règlement de
la Cour. Il a également informé le Secrétaire général de l’Organisation
des Nations Unies du dépôt par l’Azerbaïdjan, le 4 janvier 2023, de cette
demande.
9. Par lettres en date du 6 janvier 2023, le greffier adjoint a informé les
Parties que la Cour avait fixé au 31 janvier 2023 la date de la procédure orale
sur la seconde demande en indication de mesures conservatoires présentée
par l’Azerbaïdjan.
10. Au cours de l’audience publique, des observations orales sur la seconde
demande en indication de mesures conservatoires de l’Azerbaïdjan ont été
présentées par :
Au nom de l’Azerbaïdjan : S. Exc. M. Elnur Mammadov,
M. Vaughan Lowe,
Mme Catherine Amirfar,
Mme Natalie Reid,
Mme Laurence Boisson de Chazournes.
Au nom de l’Arménie : S. Exc. M. Yeghishe Kirakosyan,
M. Sean Murphy,
M. Robert Kolb,
M. Pierre d’Argent.
11. Au terme de ses plaidoiries, l’Azerbaïdjan a demandé à la Cour d’indiquer
les mesures conservatoires suivantes :
« a) L’Arménie doit immédiatement prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires
pour permettre à l’Azerbaïdjan d’entreprendre un déminage
rapide, sûr et efficace des villes, villages et autres lieux où les civils
azerbaïdjanais reviendront dans les districts de Latchine et Kalbajar
et d’autres districts anciennement occupés de l’Azerbaïdjan,
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 39
“(a) Armenia shall immediately take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan
to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the
towns, villages, and other areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will
return in the Lachin District, Kalbajar District and other formerly
occupied districts of Azerbaijan, including by providing information
about the location, quantity, type and characteristics of landmines,
booby traps and any other explosive devices in these areas, in order
to enable Azerbaijani internally displaced persons to return to their
homes; and
(b) Armenia shall immediately cease and desist from any further efforts
to plant or to sponsor or support the planting of landmines and booby
traps in these areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return in
Azerbaijan’s territory, including, but not limited to, the use of the
Lachin Corridor for this purpose.”
8. The Deputy-Registrar immediately communicated a copy of the second
Request to the Government of Armenia, in accordance with Article 73,
paragraph
2, of the Rules of Court. He also notified the Secretary-General
of the United Nations of the filing by Azerbaijan on 4 January 2023
of the second Request for the indication of provisional measures.
9. By letters dated 6 January 2023, the Deputy-Registrar informed the
Parties that the Court had fixed 31 January 2023 as the date for the oral
proceedings on the second Request for the indication of provisional measures
filed by Azerbaijan.
10. At the public hearing, oral observations on the second Request
for the indication of provisional measures filed by Azerbaijan were presented
by:
On behalf of Azerbaijan: HE Mr Elnur Mammadov,
Mr Vaughan Lowe,
Ms Catherine Amirfar,
Ms Natalie Reid,
Ms Laurence Boisson de Chazournes.
On behalf of Armenia: HE Mr Yeghishe Kirakosyan,
Mr Sean Murphy,
Mr Robert Kolb,
Mr Pierre d’Argent.
11. At the end of its oral observations, Azerbaijan asked the Court to indicate
the following provisional measures:
“(a) Armenia shall immediately take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan
to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the
towns, villages, and other areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will
return in the Lachin District, Kalbajar District and other formerly
occupied districts of Azerbaijan, including by providing information
40 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
notamment en communiquant l’emplacement, la quantité, le type et
les caractéristiques des mines terrestres, pièges et tous autres engins
explosifs présents dans ces zones, de sorte que les Azerbaïdjanais
déplacés dans leur propre pays puissent regagner leurs foyers.
b) L’Arménie doit immédiatement cesser et s’abstenir à l’avenir de
poser des mines terrestres et des pièges, ou d’en encourager ou faciliter
la pose, dans les zones du territoire de l’Azerbaïdjan où les civils
azerbaïdjanais retourneront, et notamment, mais pas seulement,
renoncer à utiliser le corridor de Latchine à cette fin. »
12. Au terme de ses plaidoiries, l’Arménie a prié la Cour « de rejeter dans
son intégralité la demande en indication de mesures conservatoires présentée
par l’Azerbaïdjan ».
* * *
I. Compétence prima facie
13. La Cour rappelle que, dans l’ordonnance en indication de mesures
conservatoires qu’elle a rendue le 7 décembre 2021 en la présente affaire, elle
a conclu que, « prima facie, elle a[vait] compétence en vertu de l’article 22 de
la CIEDR pour connaître de l’affaire dans la mesure où le différend opposant
les Parties concern[ait] “l’interprétation ou l’application” de la convention »
(Application de la convention internationale sur l’élimination de toutes les
formes de discrimination raciale (Azerbaïdjan c. Arménie), mesures conservatoires,
ordonnance du 7 décembre 2021, C.I.J. Recueil 2021, p. 418,
par. 40). Elle ne voit aucune raison de revenir sur cette conclusion aux fins de
la présente demande.
II. Mesures conservatoires demandées par l’Azerbaïdjan
14. La Cour rappelle que, dans sa première demande en indication de
mesures conservatoires, l’Azerbaïdjan l’avait priée d’indiquer notamment les
mesures conservatoires suivantes :
« a) L’Arménie doit prendre toutes les dispositions nécessaires pour
permettre à l’Azerbaïdjan de procéder promptement, effectivement
et en toute sécurité à l’enlèvement des mines terrestres posées en
territoire azerbaïdjanais par l’armée arménienne ou d’autres groupes
opérant sous la direction ou le contrôle, ou avec l’appui, de l’Arménie,
notamment en fournissant sans délai une description complète et
exacte de l’emplacement et des caractéristiques de ces mines.
b) L’Arménie doit immédiatement cesser et s’abstenir de mettre en
danger des vies azerbaïdjanaises en posant des mines terrestres, ou
en encourageant ou facilitant la pose de ces mines, en territoire
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 40
about the location, quantity, type and characteristics of landmines,
booby traps and other explosive devices in these areas, in order to
enable Azerbaijani internally displaced persons to return to their
homes; and
(b) Armenia shall immediately cease and desist from any further efforts
to plant or to sponsor or support the planting of landmines and booby
traps in these areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will return in
Azerbaijan’s territory, including, but not limited to, the use of the
Lachin Corridor for this purpose.”
12. At the end of its oral observations, Armenia requested the Court “to
reject Azerbaijan’s request for the indication of provisional measures in
full”.
* * *
I. Prima Facie Jurisdiction
13. The Court recalls that, in its Order of 7 December 2021 indicating
provisional measures in the present case, it concluded that “prima facie, it
has jurisdiction pursuant to Article 22 of CERD to entertain the case to the
extent that the dispute between the Parties relates to the ‘interpretation or
application’ of the Convention” (Application of the International Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Azerbaijan v.
Armenia), Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December 2021, I.C.J. Reports
2021, p. 418, para. 40). The Court sees no reason to revisit this conclusion for
the purposes of the present Request.
II. The Provisional Measures Requested by Azerbaijan
14. The Court recalls that, in its first Request for the indication of provisional
measures, Azerbaijan had asked the Court to order, inter alia, that:
“(a) Armenia shall take all necessary steps to enable Azerbaijan to
undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of the landmines
laid in Azerbaijan’s territory by the Armenian military and/or other
groups under the direction, control, or sponsorship of Armenia,
including by immediately providing comprehensive and accurate
information about the location and characteristics of landmines in
Azerbaijan’s territory; [and]
(b) Armenia shall immediately cease and desist from endangering the
lives of Azerbaijanis by planting or promoting or facilitating the planting
of landmines in Azerbaijan’s territory” (Application of the Inter-
41 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
azerbaïdjanais » (Application de la convention internationale
sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale
(Azerbaïdjan c. Arménie), mesures conservatoires, ordonnance du
7 décembre 2021, C.I.J. Recueil 2021, p. 410, par. 11).
Dans son ordonnance du 7 décembre 2021, la Cour a cependant décidé de ne
pas indiquer les mesures susmentionnées.
15. Dans sa seconde demande en indication de mesures conservatoires,
l’Azerbaïdjan prie la Cour d’ordonner à l’Arménie de « prendre toutes les
mesures nécessaires pour permettre à l’Azerbaïdjan d’entreprendre un déminage
rapide, sûr et efficace des villes, villages et autres lieux où les civils
azerbaïdjanais reviendront » et d’« immédiatement cesser et s’abstenir à
l’avenir de poser des mines terrestres et des pièges, ou d’en encourager ou
faciliter la pose, dans [c]es zones ».
16. L’Azerbaïdjan affirme que des faits nouveaux, dont il n’avait pas
connaissance lorsqu’il a présenté sa première demande en indication de
mesures conservatoires, montrent que l’Arménie pose des mines terrestres et
des pièges visant spécifiquement des civils « azerbaïdjanais » (terme qu’il
emploie dans le cadre de la présente procédure pour désigner des personnes
d’origine nationale ou ethnique azerbaïdjanaise). Le demandeur se réfère à la
découverte alléguée sur son territoire, depuis août 2022, de plus de
2 700 mines terrestres fabriquées en Arménie en 2021. Selon lui, plus de la
moitié de ces mines terrestres ont été mises au jour dans des zones civiles que
des déplacés et réfugiés azerbaïdjanais doivent regagner, conformément à la
déclaration du président de la République d’Azerbaïdjan, du premier ministre
de la République d’Arménie et du président de la Fédération de Russie en
date du 9 novembre 2020 (la « déclaration trilatérale »), en particulier dans
les districts de Latchine et de Kalbajar. En outre, l’Azerbaïdjan se réfère à la
découverte alléguée, en octobre 2022, de pièges « nouvellement construits »,
confectionnés à l’aide d’équipements militaires tels que des grenades à main
et des mines terrestres activées par un fil déclencheur, dissimulés à dessein
dans des habitations civiles que les Azerbaïdjanais devaient regagner.
17. L’Azerbaïdjan soutient que la pose de mines terrestres et de pièges
dans des zones civiles où habitaient auparavant des Azerbaïdjanais et dans
lesquelles ils devraient revenir, en application de la déclaration trilatérale,
démontre que le comportement de l’Arménie relève de la discrimination
raciale. À cet égard, il fait valoir que la pose de mines terrestres et de pièges
dans ces zones continue de faire peser une menace sur la vie ou l’intégrité
physique des civils azerbaïdjanais qui tentent de regagner leur foyer.
18. L’Azerbaïdjan affirme en outre que la pose d’explosifs à ces endroits
ne pourrait servir aucun objectif militaire compte tenu de la distance par
rapport à la frontière qui le sépare de l’Arménie et à l’ancienne « ligne de
contact » entre les forces armées des Parties. Selon lui, le fait de procéder à
un minage dans ces conditions n’a d’autre but que de tuer, de blesser et d’intimider
des civils azerbaïdjanais.
*
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 41
national Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (Azerbaijan v. Armenia), Provisional Measures,
Order of 7 December 2021, I.C.J. Reports 2021, p. 410, para. 11).
In its Order of 7 December 2021, the Court, however, decided not to grant
the above-mentioned measures.
15. In its second Request for the indication of provisional measures,
Azerbaijan asks the Court to order Armenia to “take all necessary steps to
enable Azerbaijan to undertake the prompt, safe and effective demining of
the towns, villages, and other areas to which Azerbaijani civilians will
return” and to “immediately cease and desist from any further efforts to
plant or to sponsor or support the planting of landmines and booby traps in
these areas”.
16. Azerbaijan argues that new facts, not available at the time of the first
Request for the indication of provisional measures, show that Armenia has
been laying landmines and planting booby traps specifically targeting civilians
who are “Azerbaijani” (a term that Azerbaijan uses in the course of
these proceedings to refer to persons of Azerbaijani national or ethnic
origin). The Applicant refers to the alleged discovery in Azerbaijan’s territory,
since August 2022, of over 2,700 landmines manufactured in Armenia
in 2021. According to Azerbaijan, over half of those landmines were discovered
in civilian areas to which Azerbaijani displaced persons and refugees
are due to return, in accordance with the Statement by the President of the
Republic of Azerbaijan, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia and
President of the Russian Federation of 9 November 2020 (the “Trilateral
Statement”), in particular in the Lachin District and the Kalbajar District.
Additionally, Azerbaijan refers to the alleged discovery, in October 2022, of
“newly constructed” booby traps, made of military equipment such as hand
grenades and landmines activated by trip wire, purposely hidden in civilian
houses to which Azerbaijanis were expected to return.
17. Azerbaijan contends that the placement of landmines and booby traps
in civilian areas previously inhabited by Azerbaijanis and to which they are
due to return, following the terms of the Trilateral Statement, demonstrates
the racially discriminatory nature of Armenia’s conduct. In this regard,
Azerbaijan asserts that the placement of landmines and booby traps in those
areas poses an ongoing threat of death or injury to Azerbaijani civilians
attempting to return to their homes.
18. It further contends that the planting of explosives at those locations
could serve no military purpose in light of the distance from the border
between Armenia and Azerbaijan and from the old “line of contact” between
the armed forces of the Parties. According to Azerbaijan, laying landmines
in these circumstances serves no purpose other than to kill, harm and intimidate
Azerbaijani civilians.
*
42 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
19. L’Arménie, pour sa part, soutient avoir « procédé à des opérations de
minage uniquement à l’intérieur de son territoire et à des fins de légitime
défense seulement ».
20. L’Arménie précise que la déclaration trilatérale prévoyait que trois
districts — ceux de Kalbajar, d’Agdam et de Latchine — seraient restitués à
l’Azerbaïdjan entre novembre et décembre 2020, et qu’ils se trouvent depuis
lors sous le contrôle de celui-ci. Elle soutient que la présence de mines
terrestres arméniennes dans ces districts, si tant est qu’elle soit établie, peut
s’expliquer par le fait que, à la fin du conflit, il subsistait une « ligne de
contact » au Haut-Karabakh et autour de celui-ci, et relève que la déclaration
trilatérale n’empêchait pas les forces armées de prendre des mesures pour
sécuriser leurs positions. En outre, l’Arménie soutient que les mines
terrestres découvertes depuis août 2022 ne se trouvaient pas dans des
« zones manifestement civiles ». Elle affirme notamment que certaines des
mines terrestres qui auraient été récemment mises au jour se trouvent
en réalité à près de deux kilomètres des villages mentionnés par l’Azerbaïdjan,
que des photographies montrent qu’il n’existe aucune zone de peuplement
de civils ni activité civile et que, partant, on ne saurait dire que l’opération
de minage visait des civils. L’Arménie soutient que cette pose de mines
terrestres le long de la « ligne de contact » ou d’une frontière internationale à
des fins de défense militaire, et en dehors de toute zone civile, n’a trait à
aucun des droits garantis par la CIEDR.
21. Pour ce qui est de la pose de pièges, l’Arménie commence par relever
que ceux-ci ont été découverts uniquement dans des zones de peuplement de
civils situées « à l’intérieur de l’ancien corridor de Latchine », zone dont
l’Azerbaïdjan a été autorisé à prendre le contrôle, après la construction de la
nouvelle route qui relie à présent le Haut-Karabakh à l’Arménie et se trouve
sous le contrôle des forces russes de maintien de la paix. Le défendeur relève
également que des forces armées arméniennes n’auraient en aucun cas pu
être déployées dans cette zone sans se faire repérer par les forces russes de
maintien de la paix, et qu’aucun élément de preuve ne démontre le contraire.
Par ailleurs, l’Arménie nie que ses propres forces armées aient recouru à des
pièges, et fait observer que ces dispositifs pourraient avoir été mis en place
par des particuliers contraints de quitter leur foyer.
* *
22. En ce qui concerne la plausibilité des droits que l’Azerbaïdjan prétend
tenir de la CIEDR relativement au comportement présumé de l’Arménie
s’agissant des mines terrestres, la Cour a précisé ce qui suit dans son ordonnance
du 7 décembre 2021 concernant la première demande :
« [L]a Cour rappelle que, selon l’Azerbaïdjan, le comportement en
question s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une politique de nettoyage ethnique
menée de longue date. Elle convient qu’une politique consistant à éloigner
des personnes sur la base de leur origine nationale ou ethnique
d’une région donnée, et à les empêcher d’y revenir, peut faire intervenir
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 42
19. Armenia, for its part, contends that it has “carried out minelaying
exclusively within the sovereign territory of the Republic of Armenia for
self-defense purposes only”.
20. Armenia explains that the Trilateral Statement provided that three
districts Kalbajar, Agdam and Lachin were to be returned to Azerbaijan
between November and December 2020 and that they have been
under Azerbaijan’s control since then. Armenia contends that the presence
of Armenian landmines in these districts, if established, can be explained by
the fact that, at the end of the conflict, there still existed a “contact line” in
and around Nagorno-Karabakh and notes that the Trilateral Statement did
not preclude armed forces from taking steps to secure their positions.
Further, Armenia contends that the locations of the landmines found since
August 2022 were not in “unequivocally civilian areas”. Armenia contends,
in particular, that certain allegedly recently discovered landmines are in fact
located around two kilometres from the villages referred to by Azerbaijan,
that photographs show no civilian settlements or activity and thus the minelaying
cannot be said to have targeted civilians. Armenia maintains that
such laying of landmines along the “contact line” or along an international
border for the purposes of military defence, and outside of civilian areas,
does not concern any rights under CERD.
21. Regarding the placing of booby traps, Armenia first notes that these
have been found solely in settlements “within the old Lachin Corridor”,
an area over which Azerbaijan was allowed to take control, after the
construction of the new road now connecting Nagorno-Karabakh to
Armenia, which is under the control of Russian peacekeeping forces. Armenia
further notes that no Armenian armed forces could possibly have been
deployed in that area without being detected by the Russian peacekeeping
forces, and that there is no evidence showing otherwise. Further, Armenia
denies the use of booby traps by its own armed forces but observes that these
devices could have been rigged by private individuals forced to leave their
homes.
* *
22. With regard to the plausibility of rights under CERD asserted by
Azerbaijan with respect to Armenia’s alleged conduct in relation to landmines,
the Court stated the following in its Order of 7 December 2021 in
relation to the first Request:
“[T]he Court recalls that Azerbaijan claims that this conduct is part of
a longstanding campaign of ethnic cleansing. The Court recognizes that
a policy of driving persons of a certain national or ethnic origin from a
particular area, as well as preventing their return thereto, can implicate
rights under CERD and that such a policy can be effected through
43 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
des droits garantis par la CIEDR, et qu’une telle politique peut être
exécutée par divers moyens militaires. Cependant, elle ne considère pas
que la CIEDR impose de manière plausible à l’Arménie une quelconque
obligation de prendre des mesures pour permettre à l’Azerbaïdjan
de procéder au déminage, ou de cesser définitivement ses opérations de
minage. L’Azerbaïdjan n’a pas produit devant la Cour d’éléments
de preuve démontrant que le comportement allégué de l’Arménie s’agissant
des mines terrestres ait “pour but ou pour effet de détruire ou de
compromettre la reconnaissance, la jouissance ou l’exercice, dans des
conditions d’égalité”, des droits des personnes d’origine nationale ou
ethnique azerbaïdjanaise. » (Application de la convention internationale
sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (Azerbaïdjan
c. Arménie), mesures conservatoires, ordonnance du 7 décembre
2021, C.I.J. Recueil 2021, p. 425, par. 53.)
23. Ayant examiné les éléments de preuve des Parties relatifs à la seconde
demande, la Cour considère que la conclusion précitée s’applique également
aux circonstances présentes, y compris pour les allégations concernant les
pièges.
24. À la lumière de ce qui précède, la Cour considère qu’elle n’a pas à
rechercher si les autres conditions requises pour l’indication de mesures
conservatoires sont réunies.
III. Conclusion
25. La Cour conclut de ce qui précède que les conditions pour l’indication
de mesures conservatoires conformément à l’article 41 de son Statut ne sont
pas réunies.
* * *
26. La Cour relève que les mesures conservatoires indiquées dans son
ordonnance du 7 décembre 2021 demeurent en vigueur. Elle réaffirme que la
décision rendue en la présente procédure ne préjuge en rien la question de sa
compétence pour connaître du fond de l’affaire, ni aucune question relative à
la recevabilité de la requête ou au fond lui-même. Cette décision laisse intact
le droit des Gouvernements de l’Azerbaïdjan et de l’Arménie de faire valoir
leurs moyens en la matière.
* * *
27. Par ces motifs,
La Cour,
À l’unanimité,
Rejette la demande en indication de mesures conservatoires présentée par
la République d’Azerbaïdjan le 4 janvier 2023.
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 43
a variety of military means. However, the Court does not consider that
CERD plausibly imposes any obligation on Armenia to take measures to
enable Azerbaijan to undertake demining or to cease and desist from
planting landmines. Azerbaijan has not placed before the Court evidence
indicating that Armenia’s alleged conduct with respect to landmines has
‘the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition,
enjoyment
or exercise, on an equal footing’, of rights of persons of Azerbaijani
national or ethnic origin.” (Application of the International
Convention
on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(Azerbaijan v. Armenia), Provisional Measures, Order of 7 December
2021, I.C.J. Reports 2021, p. 425, para. 53.)
23. Having considered the evidence of the Parties in relation to the second
Request, the Court finds that the above-quoted conclusion also applies to the
present circumstances, including the allegations regarding booby traps.
24. In light of the above, the Court considers that there is no need for it to
examine whether the other conditions necessary for the indication of provisional
measures are met.
III. Conclusion
25. The Court concludes from the foregoing that the conditions for the
indication of provisional measures under Article 41 of the Statute are not
met.
* * *
26. The Court notes that the provisional measures indicated in its Order of
7 December 2021 remain in effect. It reaffirms that the decision given in the
present proceedings in no way prejudges the question of the jurisdiction of
the Court to deal with the merits of the case or any questions relating to the
admissibility of the Application or to the merits themselves. It leaves unaffected
the right of the Governments of Azerbaijan and Armenia to submit
arguments in respect of those questions.
* * *
27. For these reasons,
The Court,
Unanimously,
Rejects the Request for the indication of provisional measures submitted
by the Republic of Azerbaijan on 4 January 2023.
44 application de la ciedr (ordonnance 22 II 23)
Fait en français et en anglais, le texte français faisant foi, au Palais de la
Paix, à La Haye, le vingt-deux février deux mille vingt-trois, en trois exemplaires,
dont l’un restera déposé aux archives de la Cour et les autres seront
transmis respectivement au Gouvernement de la République d’Azerbaïdjan
et au Gouvernement de la République d’Arménie.
La présidente,
(Signé) Joan E. Donoghue.
Le greffier,
(Signé) Philippe Gautier.
Mme la juge Sebutinde joint une déclaration à l’ordonnance ; Mme la juge
Charlesworth et M. le juge Brant joignent une déclaration commune à
l’ordonnance ; M. le juge ad hoc Keith joint une déclaration à l’or-
donnance.
(Paraphé) J.E.D.
(Paraphé) Ph.G.
application of the cerd (order 22 II 23) 44
Done in French and in English, the French text being authoritative, at the
Peace Palace, The Hague, this twenty-second day of February, two thousand
and twenty-three, in three copies, one of which will be placed in the archives
of the Court and the others transmitted to the Government of the Republic of
Azerbaijan and the Government of the Republic of Armenia, respectively.
(Signed) Joan E. Donoghue,
President.
(Signed) Philippe Gautier,
Registrar.
Judge Sebutinde appends a declaration to the Order of the Court;
Judges Charlesworth and Brant append a joint declaration to the Order
of the Court; Judge ad hoc Keith appends a declaration to the Order of the
Court.
(Initialled) J.E.D.
(Initialled) Ph.G.
Request for the indication of provisional measures
Order of 22 February 2023