Declaration of Judge Donoghue

Document Number
160-20161005-JUD-01-08-EN
Parent Document Number
160-20161005-JUD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

DECLARATION OF J UDGE DONOGHUE

1. In contentious cases, the Court settles disputes between States (Article 36, paragraph 2,
and Article 38, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the Court). When the Court finds the absence of a
dispute in respect of a claim contained in an application, the consequence is dismissal of the claim.
However, the Statute of the Court does not define the term “dispute”. Instead, the meaning of that
term has been developed in the jurisprudence of this Court and its predecessor. Thus, the sound

administration of justice calls for clarity in the criteria that the Court applies in determining
whether there is a dispute and for consistent application of those criteria.

2. Beginning with the case concerning Application of the International Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v. Russian Federation) (Preliminary
Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2011 (I), pp. 81-120, paras. 23-114), and continuing through

the case concerning Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v.
Senegal) (Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012 (II), pp. 441-445, paras. 44-55) and the case concerning
Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v.
Colombia) (Preliminary Objections, Judgment of 17 March 2016, paras. 49-79), the Court’s
inquiry into the existence of a dispute has been more exacting than it had been in the earlier
jurisprudence of the Court and its predecessor. In my consideration of the Application in the
present case, I have been guided by the reasoning of the Court in these recent cases, thus promoting

procedural consistency.

3. As is well known, a dispute is “a disagreement on a point of law or fact, a conflict of legal
views or of interests” (Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions, Judgment No. 2, 1924, P.C.I.J.,
Series A, No. 2, p. 11) between two States. A dispute exists only if “the claim of one party is
positively opposed by the other” (South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South

Africa), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1962, p. 328). The existence (or not) of
a dispute is “a matter for objective determination by the Court” (paragraph 39 of today’s
Judgment).

4. Direct diplomatic exchanges between the parties prior to the filing of an application can
provide clear evidence of one party’s opposition to the other party’s claim against it. There were

no such exchanges in the present case, so the Marshall Islands asserts the existence of a dispute by
relying on two key propositions. The first is the contention that the statements of parties during
proceedings, taken alone, can suffice to demonstrate an opposition of views in respect of the claim
underlying an application. The second proposition, on which the Marshall Islands places greater
emphasis, is that the Court can infer the existence of a dispute in the present case from the
juxtaposition of the Marshall Islands’ statements in multilateral fora, on the one hand, with the

Respondent’s conduct and assertion of legality, on the other hand. I submit this declaration in
order to comment on each of these points.

5. To support its contention that opposing statements of parties in proceedings before the
Court (and thus after the application) can suffice to establish the existence of a dispute, the
Marshall Islands relies in particular on three Judgments of the Court (see paragraph 54 of today’s
Judgment). Of these, the Judgment in the case concerning the Application of the Convention on the

Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia)
provides the strongest support for the position of the Marshall Islands, because the Court there
invoked statements in the proceedings in that case to support its conclusion that a dispute between
the Parties “persist[ed]”, without citing any specific evidence that a dispute existed prior to the
Application (Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1996 (II), pp. 614-615, - 2 -

paras. 27-29). However, in its subsequent Judgments (see cases cited in paragraph 2 above), the
Court has not found the existence of a dispute based solely on the parties’ statements in Court, but

instead has adhered to the principle that the evidence must show that a dispute existed as of the date
of an application, as it does today. This principle is sound. An application in a contentious case
initiates proceedings to settle a dispute that is “submitted to [the Court]” (Article 38, paragraph 1,
of the Statute of the Court). It is not a means to elicit a respondent’s opposing views in order to
generate a dispute during those proceedings.

6. I turn next to the Marshall Islands’ contention that the Court should infer the existence of

a dispute from the juxtaposition of the Marshall Islands’ statements with the Respondent’s
statements and conduct. With regard to this proposition, I offer some observations about the recent
cases before the Court in which the respondent sought dismissal of the applicant’s claims due to the
absence of a dispute. In these cases, the Court has examined the content and context of
statement(s) made by one party prior to the application, in comparison with any reaction by the
other party, in order to determine whether there was, prior to the application, a difference of views
on the matter that would later be presented to the Court in the application. Although the Court has

used various formulations to describe its inquiry and, of course, the facts of each case differ, I see a
great deal of consistency in the objective standard that the Court has applied to scrutinize the
evidence presented to it.

7. In the case concerning Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of
All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v. Russian Federation), the Court stated that
exchanges between the parties must refer to the subject-matter of the claim made in the application

“with sufficient clarity to enable the State against which [that] claim is made to identify that there
is, or may be, a dispute with regard to that subject-matter” (I.C.J. Reports 2011 (I), p. 85, para. 30).
It found a dispute to exist (as of August 2008), taking into account claims that the Applicant made
directly against the Respondent, which were denied by the Respondent, in the United Nations
Security Council (ibid., pp. 118-119, para. 109 and p. 120, para. 113). In the case concerning
Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal), the Court
found that diplomatic correspondence in which the Applicant set out its allegations that the

Respondent had breached a treaty sufficed to establish the existence of a dispute as to the
Applicant’s claim of treaty breach by the Respondent. By contrast, the Court concluded that there
was no dispute between the Parties in respect of violations of customary international law that were
also alleged in that Application, because there had been no mention in diplomatic correspondence
between the Parties of this claim.

“Under those circumstances, there was no reason for Senegal to address at all in

its relations with Belgium the issue of the prosecution of alleged crimes of Mr. Habré
under customary international law.” (I.C.J. Reports 2012 (II), p. 445, para. 54.)

When the Court concluded that there was a dispute concerning Colombia’s alleged violation of
Nicaragua’s rights in maritime zones in the case concerning Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights
and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia), it observed that, in light of
public statements by the highest representatives of the two States, the Respondent “could not have
misunderstood” the position of the Applicant (Preliminary Objections, Judgment of

17 March 2016, para. 73).

8. The Court’s reasoning in these recent Judgments carries forward to the approach that the
Court takes today. The essential question is not whether the Respondent knew of statements made
by the Applicant; we can assume such knowledge, for present purposes. Instead, the Court asks
whether the Applicant’s statements referred to the subject-matter of its claim against the
Respondent — i.e., “the issue brought before the Court” in the Application — with sufficient - 3 -

clarity that the Respondent “was aware, or could not have been unaware,” of the Applicant’s claim

against it (paragraphs 41 and 49 of today’s Judgment). If so, there would have been reason to
expect a response from the Respondent, and thus, even in the absence of an explicit statement of
the Respondent’s opposition to the claim, there would have been a basis for the Court to infer
opposition from an unaltered course of conduct. For the reasons set forth in the Judgment,
however, the statements on which the Marshall Islands relies did not set out the Applicant’s claim
against the Respondent with sufficient clarity to allow the Court to draw such an inference.
Accordingly, as of the date of the Application, there was no opposition of views, and thus no

dispute, in respect of the claims against the Respondent contained in the Application.

(Signed) Joan E. D ONOGHUE .

___________

Bilingual Content

1034
205
DECLARATION OF JUDGE DONOGHUE
1. In contentious cases, the Court settles disputes between States (Article
36, paragraph 2, and Article 38, paragraph 1, of the Statute of the
Court). When the Court finds the absence of a dispute in respect of a claim
contained in an application, the consequence is dismissal of the claim.
However, the Statute of the Court does not define the term “dispute”.
Instead, the meaning of that term has been developed in the jurisprudence
of this Court and its predecessor. Thus, the sound administration of justice
calls for clarity in the criteria that the Court applies in determining whether
there is a dispute and for consistent application of those criteria.
2. Beginning with the case concerning Application of the International
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
(Georgia v. Russian Federation) (Preliminary Objections, Judgment,
I.C.J. Reports 2011 (I), pp. 81‑120, paras. 23‑114), and continuing
through the case concerning Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute
or Extradite (Belgium v. Senegal) (Judgment, I.C.J. Reports
2012 (II), pp. 441‑445, paras. 44‑55) and the case concerning Alleged Violations
of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea
(Nicaragua v. Colombia) (Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports
2016 (I), pp. 26‑34, paras. 49‑79), the Court’s inquiry into the existence
of a dispute has been more exacting than it had been in the earlier jurisprudence
of the Court and its predecessor. In my consideration of the
Application in the present case, I have been guided by the reasoning of
the Court in these recent cases, thus promoting procedural consistency.
3. As is well known, a dispute is “a disagreement on a point of law or
fact, a conflict of legal views or of interests” (Mavrommatis Palestine Concessions,
Judgment No. 2, 1924, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 2, p. 11) between
two States. A dispute exists only if “the claim of one party is positively
opposed by the other” (South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa;
Liberia v. South Africa), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports
1962, p. 328). The existence (or not) of a dispute is “a matter for objective
determination by the Court” (paragraph 39 of today’s Judgment).
4. Direct diplomatic exchanges between the parties prior to the filing
of an application can provide clear evidence of one party’s opposition to
the other party’s claim against it. There were no such exchanges in the
present case, so the Marshall Islands asserts the existence of a dispute by
relying on two key propositions. The first is the contention that the statements
of parties during proceedings, taken alone, can suffice to demonstrate
an opposition of views in respect of the claim underlying an
application. The second proposition, on which the Marshall Islands
1034
205
DÉCLARATION DE Mme LA JUGE DONOGHUE
[Traduction]
1. Dans les affaires contentieuses, la Cour règle des différends entre
Etats (paragraphe 2 de l’article 36 et paragraphe 1 de l’article 38 du Statut
de la Cour). Quand elle conclut à l’absence de différend au sujet d’une
réclamation énoncée dans une requête, la réclamation est rejetée en conséquence.
Cependant, le Statut de la Cour ne définit pas le terme « différend
». Le sens de ce terme a donc été construit par la jurisprudence de la
Cour et de sa devancière. Or, une bonne administration de la justice exige
que les critères qu’utilise la Cour pour établir l’existence d’un différend
soient clairs et que leur application soit cohérente.
2. Depuis l’affaire relative à l’Application de la convention internationale
sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (Géorgie
c. Fédération de Russie) (exceptions préliminaires, arrêt, C.I.J.
Recueil 2011 (I), p. 81‑120, par. 23‑114) jusqu’aux affaires relatives à des
Questions concernant l’obligation de poursuivre ou d’extrader (Belgique
c. Sénégal) (arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2012 (II), p. 441‑445, par. 44‑55) et à des
Violations alléguées de droits souverains et d’espaces maritimes dans la mer
des Caraïbes (Nicaragua c. Colombie) (exceptions préliminaires, arrêt,
C.I.J. Recueil 2016 (I), p. 26‑34, par. 49‑79), la Cour s’est montrée plus
exigeante, dans les recherches qu’elle mène pour établir l’existence d’un
différend, que sa devancière et elle-même ne l’avaient été auparavant.
Dans mon analyse de la requête en la présente espèce, j’ai suivi le raisonnement
qu’a tenu la Cour dans ces récentes affaires, mettant ainsi l’accent
sur la cohérence de la procédure.
3. Comme on le sait, un différend est « un désaccord sur un point de
droit ou de fait, une contradiction, une opposition de thèses juridiques ou
d’intérêts » entre deux Etats (Concessions Mavrommatis en Palestine,
arrêt no 2, 1924, C.P.J.I. série A no 2, p. 11). Il n’y a différend que si « la
réclamation de l’une des parties se heurte à l’opposition manifeste de
l’autre » (Sud‑Ouest africain (Ethiopie c. Afrique du Sud ; Libéria c.
Afrique du Sud), exceptions préliminaires, arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 1962,
p. 328). L’existence (ou non) d’un différend « doit être établie objectivement
par la Cour » (paragraphe 39 du présent arrêt).
4. Des échanges diplomatiques directs entre les parties antérieurs au
dépôt de la requête peuvent offrir une preuve évidente de l’opposition
d’une partie à la réclamation de l’autre. Comme il n’y avait pas eu de tels
échanges en l’espèce, les Iles Marshall se sont appuyées, pour affirmer
qu’il existait un différend, sur deux arguments principaux. Le premier
voulait que les déclarations faites par les parties pendant l’instance
pussent à elles seules suffire pour démontrer qu’il y avait divergence de
vues sur la réclamation portée par la requête. Le second, sur lequel les
1035 nuclear arms and disarmament (decl. donoghue)
206
places greater emphasis, is that the Court can infer the existence of a dispute
in the present case from the juxtaposition of the Marshall Islands’
statements in multilateral fora, on the one hand, with the Respondent’s
conduct and assertion of legality, on the other hand. I submit this declaration
in order to comment on each of these points.
5. To support its contention that opposing statements of parties in
proceedings before the Court (and thus after the application) can suffice
to establish the existence of a dispute, the Marshall Islands relies in particular
on three Judgments of the Court (see paragraph 54 of today’s
Judgment). Of these, the Judgment in the case concerning the Application
of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
(Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia) provides the strongest support
for the position of the Marshall Islands, because the Court there
invoked statements in the proceedings in that case to support its conclusion
that a dispute between the Parties “persist[ed]”, without citing any
specific evidence that a dispute existed prior to the Application
(Preliminary
Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1996 (II), pp. 614‑615,
paras. 27‑29). However, in its subsequent Judgments (see cases cited in
paragraph 2 above), the Court has not found the existence of a dispute
based solely on the parties’ statements in Court, but instead has adhered
to the principle that the evidence must show that a dispute existed as of
the date of an application, as it does today. This principle is sound. An
application in a contentious case initiates proceedings to settle a dispute
that is “submitted to [the Court]” (Article 38, paragraph 1, of the Statute
of the Court). It is not a means to elicit a respondent’s opposing views in
order to generate a dispute during those proceedings.
6. I turn next to the Marshall Islands’ contention that the Court should
infer the existence of a dispute from the juxtaposition of the Marshall
Islands’ statements with the Respondent’s statements and conduct. With
regard to this proposition, I offer some observations about the recent
cases before the Court in which the respondent sought dismissal of the
applicant’s claims due to the absence of a dispute. In these cases, the
Court has examined the content and context of statement(s) made by one
party prior to the application, in comparison with any reaction by the
other party, in order to determine whether there was, prior to the application,
a difference of views on the matter that would later be presented to
the Court in the application. Although the Court has used various formulations
to describe its inquiry and, of course, the facts of each case differ,
I see a great deal of consistency in the objective standard that the Court
has applied to scrutinize the evidence presented to it.
7. In the case concerning Application of the International Convention on
armes nucléaires et désarmement (décl. donoghue) 1035
206
Iles Marshall ont davantage insisté, voulait que la Cour pût déduire
l’existence d’un différend en la présente espèce en juxtaposant les déclarations
faites par les Iles Marshall dans des enceintes internationales, d’une
part, et le comportement du défendeur et la licéité proclamée par ce dernier,
d’autre part. Dans la présente déclaration, j’examinerai chacun de
ces deux arguments.
5. A l’appui de leur affirmation selon laquelle les déclarations opposées
faites par les parties dans une instance portée devant la Cour (par conséquent
après le dépôt de la requête) peuvent suffire à établir l’existence d’un
différend, les Iles Marshall ont invoqué plus particulièrement trois arrêts
de la Cour (voir le paragraphe 54 du présent arrêt). De ces trois arrêts,
celui qui confortait le plus solidement leur position est celui qui a été rendu
dans l’affaire relative à l’Application de la convention pour la prévention et
la répression du crime de génocide (Bosnie‑Herzégovine c. Yougoslavie),
parce que la Cour y a invoqué des déclarations faites au cours de la procédure
en cette affaire pour étayer sa conclusion selon laquelle un différend
entre les parties « persist[ait] », sans mentionner aucun élément précis
démontrant que ce différend existait avant le dépôt de la requête (exceptions
préliminaires, arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 1996 (II), p. 614‑615, par. 27‑29).
En revanche, dans les deux arrêts ultérieurs mentionnés au paragraphe 2
de la présente déclaration, la Cour ne s’est pas fondée exclusivement sur
les déclarations faites devant elle par les parties pour établir l’existence
d’un différend, mais a appliqué, comme elle l’a fait dans son arrêt de ce
jour, le principe selon lequel des éléments de preuve doivent attester l’existence
d’un différend à la date de la requête. C’est là un sage principe. En
matière contentieuse, la requête introduit une instance tendant à régler un
différend qui a été « soumis [à la Cour] » (paragraphe 1 de l’article 38
du Statut de la Cour). Elle n’est pas un moyen de susciter, de la part du
défendeur, des vues divergentes afin de créer un différend en cours
d’instance.
6. J’en viens maintenant à l’assertion des Iles Marshall selon laquelle la
Cour aurait dû, en juxtaposant les déclarations faites par elles dans des
enceintes internationales, d’une part, et le comportement et les déclarations
du défendeur, d’autre part, déduire l’existence d’un différend. A cet
égard, je formulerai quelques observations sur des affaires dont la Cour a
eu récemment à connaître et dans lesquelles le demandeur l’a priée de
rejeter les demandes du requérant au motif d’une absence de différend.
Dans ces affaires, la Cour a examiné la teneur et le contexte de la ou des
déclarations faites par une partie avant le dépôt de la requête en les rapprochant
des réactions éventuelles de l’autre partie pour déterminer s’il
existait, avant la requête, une divergence de vues sur la question qui
devait ultérieurement être soumise à la Cour dans la requête. Bien que la
Cour ait utilisé diverses formules pour décrire son examen et que, bien
entendu, les faits de chaque espèce diffèrent, je constate une forte cohérence
en ce qui concerne le critère objectif que la Cour applique pour
analyser les éléments de preuve qui lui sont présentés.
7. Dans l’affaire relative à l’Application de la convention internationale
1036 nuclear arms and disarmament (decl. donoghue)
207
the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v. Russian
Federation), the Court stated that exchanges between the parties must
refer to the subject‑matter of the claim made in the application “with
sufficient
clarity to enable the State against which [that] claim is made
to identify that there is, or may be, a dispute with regard to that subject‑matter”
(Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2011 (I), p. 85,
para. 30). It found a dispute to exist (as of August 2008), taking into
account claims that the Applicant made directly against the Respondent,
which were denied by the Respondent, in the United Nations Security
Council (ibid., pp. 118‑119, para. 109 and p. 120, para. 113). In the case
concerning Questions relating to the Obligation to Prosecute or Extradite
(Belgium v. Senegal), the Court found that diplomatic correspondence in
which the Applicant set out its allegations that the Respondent had
breached a treaty sufficed to establish the existence of a dispute as to the
Applicant’s claim of treaty breach by the Respondent. By contrast, the
Court concluded that there was no dispute between the Parties in respect
of violations of customary international law that were also alleged in that
Application, because there had been no mention in diplomatic correspondence
between the parties of this claim. “Under those circumstances,
there was no reason for Senegal to address at all in its relations with Belgium
the issue of the prosecution of alleged crimes of Mr. Habré under
customary international law.” (I.C.J. Reports 2012 (II), p. 445, para. 54.)
When the Court concluded that there was a dispute concerning Colombia’s
alleged violation of Nicaragua’s rights in maritime zones in the case
concerning Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in
the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia), it observed that, in light of
public statements by the highest representatives of the two States, the
Respondent “could not have misunderstood” the position of the Applicant
(Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2016 (I), p. 33,
para. 73).
8. The Court’s reasoning in these recent Judgments carries forward to
the approach that the Court takes today. The essential question is not
whether the Respondent knew of statements made by the Applicant; we
can assume such knowledge, for present purposes. Instead, the Court
asks whether the Applicant’s statements referred to the subject‑matter of
its claim against the Respondent — i.e., “the issue brought before the
Court” in the Application — with sufficient clarity that the Respondent
“was aware, or could not have been unaware”, of the Applicant’s claim
against it (paragraphs 41 and 49 of today’s Judgment). If so, there would
have been reason to expect a response from the Respondent, and thus,
even in the absence of an explicit statement of the Respondent’s opposition
to the claim, there would have been a basis for the Court to infer
opposition from an unaltered course of conduct. For the reasons set forth
in the Judgment, however, the statements on which the Marshall Islands
relies did not set out the Applicant’s claim against the Respondent with
sufficient clarity to allow the Court to draw such an inference. Accord-
armes nucléaires et désarmement (décl. donoghue) 1036
207
sur l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination raciale (Géorgie
c. Fédération de Russie), la Cour a déclaré que les échanges entre les parties
devaient avoir trait à l’objet de la demande présentée dans la requête
« assez clairement … pour que l’Etat contre lequel [le demandeur] formule
un grief puisse savoir qu’un différend existe ou peut exister à cet égard »
(exceptions préliminaires, arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2011 (I), p. 85, par. 30).
Elle a conclu qu’un différend existait (dès août 2008) en se fondant sur le
fait que, devant le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies, le demandeur
avait formulé directement des griefs contre le défendeur, qui les avait rejetés
(ibid., p. 118‑119, par. 109, et p. 120, par. 113). Dans l’affaire des
Questions concernant l’obligation de poursuivre ou d’extrader (Belgique
c. Sénégal), la Cour a considéré que la correspondance diplomatique
dans laquelle le demandeur exposait ses allégations de violation d’un
traité par le défendeur était suffisante pour établir l’existence d’un différend
concernant ces allégations. En revanche, la Cour a conclu qu’il
n’existait pas de différend entre les parties au sujet des violations du droit
international coutumier qui étaient également mentionnées dans la
requête, parce qu’il n’avait pas été fait référence à ce droit dans la correspondance
diplomatique entre les parties. « Dès lors, le Sénégal n’avait
aucune raison de prendre position, dans ses relations avec la Belgique,
sur la question de la poursuite de M. Habré pour des crimes que celuici
aurait commis au regard du droit international coutumier. »
(C.I.J. Recueil 2012 (II), p. 445, par. 54.) Lorsque, dans l’affaire relative
à des Violations alléguées de droits souverains et d’espaces maritimes dans
la mer des Caraïbes (Nicaragua c. Colombie), elle a conclu qu’il existait
un différend au sujet de l’allégation de violation par la Colombie
des droits du Nicaragua dans des espaces maritimes, la Cour a relevé que,
compte tenu des déclarations publiques faites par les plus hauts représentants
de ces deux Etats, le défendeur « n’aurait pu se méprendre »
sur la position du demandeur (exceptions préliminaires, arrêt, C.I.J.
Recueil 2016 (I), p. 33, par. 73).
8. Le raisonnement qu’a tenu la Cour dans ces récents arrêts explique
la méthode qu’elle a suivie aujourd’hui. La question essentielle n’était pas
de savoir si le défendeur avait connaissance des déclarations faites par le
demandeur ; il est permis, pour notre propos, de le supposer. La Cour a
plutôt cherché à savoir si les déclarations du demandeur évoquaient l’objet
de la réclamation formée par celui‑ci contre le défendeur — c’est‑à‑dire
« la question portée devant la Cour » par la requête — de façon suffisamment
claire pour que le défendeur « [ait eu] connaissance, ou [n’ait pas pu]
ne pas avoir connaissance » de cette réclamation (paragraphes 41 et 49 de
l’arrêt de ce jour). Si tel avait été le cas, on aurait pu raisonnablement
s’attendre à une réaction du défendeur et, par conséquent, même en l’absence
de déclaration expresse de ce dernier faisant état de son opposition
à la réclamation, la Cour aurait pu déduire cette opposition d’une ligne de
conduite restée constante. Pour les raisons mentionnées dans l’arrêt,
cependant, les déclarations invoquées par les Iles Marshall n’ont pas
exposé la réclamation du demandeur contre le défendeur assez clairement
1037 nuclear arms and disarmament (decl. donoghue)
208
ingly, as of the date of the Application, there was no opposition of views,
and thus no dispute, in respect of the claims against the Respondent contained
in the Application.
(Signed) Joan E. Donoghue.
armes nucléaires et désarmement (décl. donoghue) 1037
208
pour que la Cour puisse faire cette déduction. En conséquence, à la date
de la requête, il n’existait pas de divergence de vues, et donc pas de différend,
au sujet des réclamations formulées dans la requête à l’encontre du
défendeur.
(Signé) Joan E. Donoghue.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Declaration of Judge Donoghue

Links