Declaration of Judge Gaja

Document Number
159-20161005-JUD-01-09-EN
Parent Document Number
159-20161005-JUD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

D ECLARATION OF JUDGE G AJA

In the three Judgments concerning the cases filed by the Republic of the Marshall Islands the
Court finds for the first time that it cannot entertain a case because there was no dispute between
the Parties on the date when the Application was filed. Having reached this conclusion, the Court
decides that it does not need to examine the other objections raised by the respondent States. This

approach may be viewed as an application of the principle of judicial economy. However, judicial
economy may also require the Court to take a decision on certain issues that were raised by the
respondent States and which are likely to have to be litigated again in new proceedings between the
same Parties, when these proceedings are a distinct possibility.

As Judge Sir Hersch Lauterpacht noted in his separate opinion in the Certain Norwegian

Loans case, “[t]here may be force and attraction in the view that among a number of possible
solutions a court of law ought to select that which is most simple, most concise and most
expeditious. However . . . such considerations are not, for this Court, the only legitimate factor in
the situation.” (I.C.J. Reports 1957, p. 36.)

With regard to the matters addressed in the present cases, disputes have clearly arisen since

April 2014 as a result of the Applications and of the respondent States’ reactions. The Judgments
of the Court thus leave the Marshall Islands with the apparent option to start new judicial
proceedings concerning the same matters.

Should one of the other objections raised by a respondent State have been upheld, the
Court’s Judgment would have in practice induced the Marshall Islands not to file a new application
against that State.

On the other hand, if the Court had rejected other objections, the Court’s Judgment would
have prevented the formulation of the same objections in new proceedings. In the best scenario for
the Marshall Islands, the case could then have to be examined on the merits.

The discussion in the written and oral proceedings in the present cases would not have to be

repeated. It would have therefore been preferable for the Court to continue its examination of the
objections after finding that there were no disputes at the time of filing the Applications.

(Signed) Giorgio GAJA.

___________

Bilingual Content

742
194
DECLARATION OF JUDGE GAJA
In the three Judgments concerning the cases filed by the Republic of
the Marshall Islands the Court finds for the first time that it cannot entertain
a case because there was no dispute between the Parties on the date
when the Application was filed. Having reached this conclusion, the
Court decides that it does not need to examine the other objections raised
by the respondent States. This approach may be viewed as an application
of the principle of judicial economy. However, judicial economy may also
require the Court to take a decision on certain issues that were raised by
the respondent States and which are likely to have to be litigated again in
new proceedings between the same Parties, when these proceedings are a
distinct possibility.
As Judge Sir Hersch Lauterpacht noted in his separate opinion in the
Certain Norwegian Loans case,
“[t]here may be force and attraction in the view that among a number
of possible solutions a court of law ought to select that which is most
simple, most concise and most expeditious. However . . . such considerations
are not, for this Court, the only legitimate factor in the
situation.” (Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 1957, p. 36.)
With regard to the matters addressed in the present cases, disputes have
clearly arisen since April 2014 as a result of the Applications and of the
respondent States’ reactions. The Judgments of the Court thus leave the
Marshall Islands with the apparent option to start new judicial proceedings
concerning the same matters.
Should one of the other objections raised by a respondent State have
been upheld, the Court’s Judgment would have in practice induced the
Marshall Islands not to file a new application against that State.
On the other hand, if the Court had rejected other objections, the
Court’s Judgment would have prevented the formulation of the same
objections in new proceedings. In the best scenario for the Marshall
Islands, the case could then have to be examined on the merits.
The discussion in the written and oral proceedings in the present cases
would not have to be repeated. It would have therefore been preferable
for the Court to continue its examination of the objections after finding
that there were no disputes at the time of filing the Applications.
(Signed) Giorgio Gaja.
742
194
DÉCLARATION DE M. LE JUGE GAJA
[Traduction]
Dans les trois arrêts qu’elle a rendus dans les affaires introduites par la
République des Iles Marshall, la Cour a conclu pour la première fois
qu’elle ne pouvait connaître d’une affaire au motif qu’il n’existait pas de
différend entre les Parties à la date du dépôt de la requête. Etant parvenue
à cette conclusion, elle a décidé qu’elle n’avait pas besoin d’examiner les
autres exceptions soulevées par les Etats défendeurs. On pourrait penser
que cette approche est une application du principe d’économie judiciaire.
Or, l’économie judiciaire peut aussi commander que la Cour statue sur
certaines questions soulevées par les Etats défendeurs et susceptibles de
faire l’objet de nouvelles procédures entre les mêmes Parties, quand il
existe une nette possibilité de voir l’Etat demandeur engager ces nouvelles
procédures.
Comme l’a noté sir Hersch Lauterpacht dans l’exposé de son opinion
individuelle qui a été joint à l’arrêt rendu en l’affaire relative à Certains
emprunts norvégiens,
« [i]l se peut qu’il y ait quelque chose de convaincant et de séduisant
dans l’opinion d’après laquelle, entre plusieurs solutions possibles,
un tribunal doit choisir la plus simple, la plus concise et la plus
rapide. Toutefois, … cela ne saurait constituer, pour cette Cour, les
seules considérations légitimes en cause. » (C.I.J. Recueil 1957, p. 36.)
Des différends au sujet des questions abordées dans les présentes
affaires ont manifestement surgi depuis avril 2014 comme suite à la
requête et aux réactions des Etats défendeurs. Les arrêts de la Cour
ouvrent donc apparemment aux Iles Marshall la possibilité d’introduire
de nouvelles instances portant sur les mêmes questions.
Si l’une des autres exceptions soulevées par un Etat défendeur avait été
retenue, l’arrêt de la Cour aurait en pratique incité les Iles Marshall à ne
pas former de nouvelle requête contre cet Etat.
Réciproquement, si la Cour avait rejeté d’autres exceptions, l’arrêt
aurait empêché que ces exceptions ne soient soulevées dans une nouvelle
instance. Dans le meilleur des cas pour les Iles Marshall, l’affaire devrait
alors pouvoir être examinée au fond.
Les questions examinées dans les écritures et plaidoiries des présentes
affaires n’auraient par conséquent pas besoin d’être examinées à nouveau.
Il aurait donc mieux valu que la Cour examine les autres exceptions après
avoir conclu qu’il n’existait pas de différends à la date du dépôt des requêtes.
(Signé) Giorgio Gaja.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Declaration of Judge Gaja

Links