INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
MARITIME DISPUTE
(PERU v. CHILE)
MEMORIAL OF THE
GOVERNMENT OF PERU
VOLUME III
ANNEXES
20 MARCH 2009
INDEX OF ANNEXES
VOLUME II
OFFICIAL INSTRUMENTS OF PERU
Annex 1 Supreme Decree of 6 September 1833 3
Annex 2 Supreme Decree of 5 August 1840 7
Annex 3 Supreme Decree of 15 November 1921 11
Annex 4 Supreme Decree of 13 November 1934 15
Annex 5 General Order of the Navy No. 10 of9 April 1940, Regulation
ofCaptaincies and National Merchant Navy 19
Annex 6 Supreme Decree No. 781 of 1 August 1947 23
Annex 7 Supreme Decree No. 21 of 31 October 1951, Regulation of
Captaincies and National Merchant Navy 29
Annex 8 Law No. 11780 of 12 March 1952, Petroleum Law 33
Annex 9 Supreme Resolution No. 23 of 12 January 1955, The Peruvian
200-Mile Maritime Zone 37
Annex 10 Legislative Resolution No. 12305 of6 May 1955 41
Annex 11 Supreme Decree No. 570 of5 July 1957 45
Annex 12 Law No. 15720 of Il November 1965, Law on Civil
Aeronautics 51
Annex 13 Decree Law No. 17752 of24 July 1969, General Law on Waters 55
Annex 14 Decree Law No. 17824 of 23 September 1969, Corps of
Captaincies and Coastguard 59
Annex 15 Decree Law No. 18225 of 14 April 1970, Providing for the
Adoption of the General Mining Law 63
Annex 16 Decree Law No. 18810 of25 March 1971, General Fisheries
Law 67
IV
Annex 17 Political Constitution of Pern of 1979
Annex 18 Law No. 25977 of7 December 1992, General Fisheries Law
Annex 19 Political Constitution of Pern of 1993
Annex 20 Law No. 26620 of 30 May 1996, Law on the Control and
Supervision of Maritime, Fluvial and Lacustrine Activities
Annex 21 Law No. 27261 of9 May 2000, Law on Civil Aeronautics
Annex 22 Supreme Decree No. 028-DE/MGP of25 May 2001, Regulation
of the Law on the Control and Supervision of Maritime,
Fluvial and Lacustrine Activities
Annex 23 Law No. 28621 of 3 November 2005, Pernvian Maritime
Domain Baselines Law
Annex 24 Supreme Decree No. 047-2007-RE of Il August 2007,
Approval of the Chart of the Outer Limit - Southern Sector -
of the Maritime Domain of Pern
OFFICIAL INSTRUMENTS OF CHILE
Annex 25
Annex 26
Annex 27
Annex 28
Annex 29
Annex 30
Annex 31
Annex 32
Annex 33
Annex 34
Chilean Civil Code of 1855
Supreme Decree (M) No. 1.340 of 14 June 1941
Presidential Declaration Concerning Continental Shelf of 23
June 1947
Law No. 8.944 of21 January 1948, Water Code
Decree with Force of Law No. 292 of25 July 1953, Fundamental
Law of the Directorate General of Maritime Territory and
Merchant Marine
Supreme Decree No. 432 of23 September 1954, Approval of
the Declarations and Conventions between Chile, Pern and
Ecuador agreed at the First Conference on Exploitation and
Conservation of the Marine Resources of the South Pacific
Decree No. 332 of 4 June 1963, Appointment of the Authority
which Grants Fishing Permits to Foreign Flag Vessels in Chilean
Jurisdictional Waters
Decree No. 453 of 18 July 1963, Regulation of Permits for the
Exploitation by Factory Ships in the Specified Zone
Decree No. 519 of 16 August 1967,Approval of the Agreement
Relating to a Special Maritime Frontier Zone
Decree No. 416 of 14 July 1977, Establishing the Straight
Baselines Between Parallels 41 ° Sand 56° S, Traced in the
Chart I.H.A. (Hydrographic Institute of the N avy) N 5 of 1977
71
75
79
83
87
91
95
117
123
127
131
137
141
145
153
157
161
167
V
Annex 35 Law No. 18.302 ofl6Apri11984, Law ofNuclear Security 179
Annex 36 Law No. 18.565 of 13 October 1986, Amendment to the Civil
Code Regarding Maritime Spaces 183
Annex 37 Supreme Decree (M) No. 991 of26 October 1987, Establishing
the Jurisdiction of the Maritime Gobernations of the Republic
and Establishing the Harbour Authorities and their Respective
Jurisdictions 189
Annex 38 Law No. 19.080 of28 August 1991,AmendmenttoLaw 18.892,
General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture 193
Annex 39 Law No. 19.3000fl March 1994, General Environmental Law 197
Annex 40 Supreme Decree No. 210 of 4 May 1998, Establishing Areas
for the Management and Exploitation of Benthonic Resources
for Region I 201
Annex 41 Supreme Decree No. 598 of 15 October 1999, Applying Article
No. 165 of the General Fishing and Aquaculture Law to the
Swordfish 205
Annex 42 Decree No. 123 of3 May 2004, Approval of the Policy for the
Use of National Ports by Foreign Flag Vessels that Fish in the
Adjacent High Seas 209
TREATIES
Annex 43 Treaty ofPeace and Friendship between the Republics ofPeru
and Chile ("The 1883 Treaty of Anc6n"). Signed at Anc6n on
20 October 1883 215
Annex 44 Treaty on International Penal Law Adopted at Montevideo on
23 January 1889 221
Annex 45 Treaty for the Settlement of the Dispute Regarding Tacna and
Arica, withAdditional Protocol. Signed at Lima on 3 June 1929 225
Annex 46 American Treaty on Pacific Settlement. "Pact of Bogota".
Adopted at Bogota, 30 April 1948 243
Annex 47 Declaration on The Maritime Zone. ("The 1952 Declaration of
Santiago"). Signed at Santiago on 18 August 1952 257
Annex 48 Agreement Relating to the Organization of the Permanent
Commission of the Conference on the Exploitation and
Conservation of the Marine Resources of the South Pacific.
Signed at Santiago on 18 August 1952 263
Annex 49 Regulations for Maritime Hunting Operations in the Waters of
the South Pacific. Signed at Santiago on 18 August 1952 269
Annex 50
Annex 51
Annex 52
Annex 53
ACTS
Annex 54
Annex 55
Annex 56
Annex 57
Annex 58
Annex 59
Annex 60
VI
Agreement Relating to a Special Maritime Frontier Zone. ("The
1954 Agreement on a Special Zone"). Signed at Lima on 4
December 1954
Complementary Convention to the Declaration ofSovereignty
on the Two-Hundred-Mile Maritime Zone ("The 1954
Complementary Convention"). Signed in Lima on 4 December
1954
Protocol of Accession to the Declaration on "Maritime Zone"
of Santiago. Signed at Quito on 6 October 1955
Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Chile and Argentina.
Signed at Vatican City on 29 November 1984
Final Act of the Commission of Limits Containing the
Description ofPlaced Boundary Markers of21 July 1930
Act of 5 August 1930
Act of the First Session of the Juridical Affairs Commission of
the First Conference on the Exploitation and Conservation of
273
279
285
293
303
311
the Marine Resources of the South Pacific of Il August 1952 317
Act of the Second Session of Commission 1 of the Second
Conference on the Exploitation and Conservation of the Marine
Resources of the South Pacific of3 December 1954 321
Act of 12 April 1955: Agreement between Ecuador, Pern and
Chile for a Joint Response to the United States and Great Britain
on their Observations to the "Declaration of Santiago"
Document of 26 April 1968
Execution Act of 13 November 1999
325
333
339
VII
VOLUME III
DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE
Annex 61 Note No. Il (152/8/48) of 6 February 1948, from the
Ambassador of the United Kingdom to the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Peru 357
Annex 62 Note No. 1030 of 2 July 1948, from the chargé d'affaires aj.
of the United States to the Minister of Foreign Affairs ofPeru 361
Annex 63 Note No. (SM)-6-3/64 of 11 May 1952, from the Minister of
Foreign Affairs ofPeru to the Ambassador of the United States
of America 365
Annex 64 Note No. 86 of 10 July 1952, from the Ambassador ofChile to
the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru 379
Annex 65 Note No. (N): 6/17/14 of 12 April 1955, from the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of Peru to the Ambassador of the United
Kingdom 385
Annex 66 Note No. (M): 6/3/290f12ApriI1955, fromthe Minister of Foreign
Affairs ofPeru to the chargé d'affaires aj. of the United States 393
Annex 67 Memorandum of the Embassy ofPeru in Chile of26 May 1965 401
Annex 68 Memorandum of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile of
6 October 1965 405
Annex 69 Memorandum of the Embassy ofPeru in Chile of3 December 409
1965
Annex 70 Note 6-4/8 of 7 February 1967, from the Minister of Foreign
Affairs ofPeru to the Ambassador ofChile 413
Annex 71 Note No. (1) 6-4/9 of 6 February 1968, from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Peru to the chargé d'affaires aj. of Chile 419
Annex 72 Note No. 81 of8 March 1968, from the chargé d'affaires aj. of
Chile to the Minister of Foreign Affairs (in charge) 423
Annex 73 Note No. (1) 6-4/19 of 28 March 1968, from the Secretary
General of Foreign Affairs ofPeru to the chargé d'affaires aj.
ofChile 429
Annex 74 Note No. (1) 6-4/43 of 5 August 1968, from the Secretary
General of Foreign Affairs to the chargé d'affaires ofChile 433
Annex 75
Annex 76
Annex 77
Annex 78
Annex 79
Annex 80
Annex 81
Annex 82
Annex 83
Annex 84
Annex 85
VIII
Note No. 242 of29 August 1968, from the Embassy ofChile
to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru
Diplomatie Memorandum annexed to Note 5-4-M/147 of 23
May 1986, from the Embassy ofPeru to the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of Chile
Note RE (GAB) No. 6-4/113 of 20 October 2000, from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru to the Embassy of Chile
Note No. 7-1-SG/005 of9 January 2001, from the Permanent
Mission ofPeru to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Statement by the Government of Peru concerning parallel
18°21 '00", referred to by the Government of Chile as the
maritime boundary between Chile and Peru
Diplomatie Note (GAB) No. 6/43 of 19 July 2004, from the
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru to the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Chile
Diplomatie Note No. 16723 of 10 September 2004, from the
Minister of Foreign Affairs ofChile to the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Peru
Note No. 5-4-M/281 of 4 November 2004, from the Embassy
of Peru to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile
Memorandum of9 March 2005, from the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Peru to the Ambassador of Chile
Note 5-4-M/276 of29 August 2005, from the Embassy ofPeru
to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile
Note No. 76 of13 September2005, from the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs of Chile to the Embassy of Peru
Note No. 18934 of 28 November 2005, from the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of Chile to the Ambassador of Peru
OTHER DOCUMENTS
Annex 86
Annex 87
Joint Report to the Arbitrator, Tacna-Arica Arbitration, by
General John 1. Pershing, First President, and Major General
William Lassiter, Second President, of the Plebiscitary
Commission, Tacna-Arica Arbitration
Agreement to Determine the Boundary Line and Place the
Corresponding Boundary Markers at the Points in Disagreement
in the Peruvian-Chilean Limits Demarcation Joint Commission
of 24 April 1930 (Identical Instructions Sent to the Delegates)
437
441
449
453
459
467
471
475
481
485
489
495
501
IX
Annex 88 Truman Proclamations 2667 and 2668 of 28 September 1945
and Executive Orders 507
Annex 89 Declaration of the President of Mexico on the Continental Shelf,
29 October 1945 513
Annex 90 Argentinean Declaration Proclaiming Sovereignty over the
Epicontinenal Sea and the Continental Shelf 519
Annex 91 Instructions given by the Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr.
Manuel C. Gallagher to the Chairman of the Delegation ofPeru,
Dr. A. Ulloa for the Signing of the "Declaration of Santiago" 525
Annex 92 Message from the Chilean Executive to the Congress for the
Approval of the 1952 Agreements. Santiago, 26 July 1954 529
Annex 93 Report of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Chilean Senate
Regarding the Project that Proposes the Approval of the 1952
Agreements. Approved in session of 3 August 1954 533
Annex 94 Report No. 41 of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Chilean
Deputies Chamber. Approved in session of 31 August 1954 539
Annex 95 Official Letter No. (M)-3-0-A/3 of7 February 1955 from the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru 545
Annex 96 Report of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Congress of
Peru on the Agreements and Conventions signed by Peru, Chile
and Ecuador in Santiago, on 18 August 1952; and in Lima,
4 December 1954 551
Annex 97 Declaration of the Head of the Chilean Delegation contained
in the Act of the Closing Ceremony of the Conference on the
Exploitation and Conservation of Marine Resources of the
South Pacific of 19 August 1952 557
Annex 98 Memoria deI Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores (28 de julio de
1954 - 28 de julio de 1955). Lima, Talleres Gnlficos P. L.
Villanueva, 1955 561
Annex 99 Memoria deI Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores (28 de julio de
1955 - 28 de julio de 1956). Lima, Talleres Gnlficos P. L.
Villanueva, 1956 583
Annex 100 Declaration by the Head of the Peruvian Delegation, Dr.
Alberto Ulloa, at the First United Nations Conference on the
Law of the Sea, 5th Session, Geneva, 5 March 1958 597
Annex 101 Statement by Peruvian Delegate, Enrique Garcia Sayan, at the
N inth Meeting of the Second Committee on the High Seas
Regime of the First United Nations Conference on the Law of
the Sea, 13 March 1958 601
Annex 102 Declaration by the Chairmen of the Delegations of Chile,
Ecuador and Peru at the First United Nations Conference on
the Law of the Sea, 27 April 1958 605
X
Annex 103 Declaration by the Peruvian Delegation at the Second United
Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, 27 April 1960 607
Annex 104 Statement made by Presidents Lanusse ofArgentina and Allende
of Chile. "Salta Declaration" of 24 July 1971 611
Annex 105 Joint Declaration of Presidents Juan Velasco Alvarado of Peru
and Salvador Allende of Chile, 3 September 1971 617
Annex 106 Joint Declaration of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Peru
and Chile, 16 June 1978 623
Annex 107 Declaration of the Head of the Peruvian Delegation,
Ambassador Alfonso Arias-Schreiber at the Third United
Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, 27 August 1980 629
Annex 108 Joint Declaration of the Representatives of Chile, Colombia,
Ecuador and Peru at the Third United Nations Conference on
the Law of the Sea, 28 April 1982 631
Annex 109 Official Communiqué of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Chile of 13 June 1986 635
Annex 110 List ofGeographical Co-ordinates Deposited by Chile with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations on 21 September 2000 639
Annex 111 Chile's Defence White Book, 2002 643
Annex 112 Declaration of Santiago of 14 August 2002 647
Annex 113 Joint Communiqué of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs ofPeru
and Chile, Rio de Janeiro, 4 N ovember 2004 657
Annex 114 Statement by Chile of 12 September 2007 661
Annex 115 Technical Aspects of Peru 's Equidistance Claim Line 665
355
DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE
357
Annex 61
NOTE No. Il (152/8/48) OF 6 FEBRUARY 1948, FROM THE
AMBASSADOR OF THE UNITED KINGDOM TO THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
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t.hos:e·, ru:,~he JLl';1ènt:in"";i0~ 9}~1">"<11. ~~f..u!<lt.:1';~ r't<&?-t':Eg tl'",-ir ..
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it woul.d StPpf!i~U' from the :f'ü'st. it~T!! 1uotedin the :,n'""èedix~g
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Annex 62
NOTE No. 1030 OF 2 JULY 1948, FROM THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES
A.I. OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
362
.!.\.t the
363
365
Annex 63
NOTE No. (SM)-6-3/64 OF Il MAy 1952, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
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Annex 63
NOTE No. (SM)-6-3/64 OF 11 MAY 1952, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Lima, May Il th, 1952.
Number (SM) -6-3/64.
Your Excellency,
It has reached the attention of the Government ofPeru, that the Financial Committee of
the Senate of the United States of America has issued a favourable report in relation to
the passing of a bill that sets an importation tax of three cents a pound on tuna, to be
payed by Peruvian indus trials.
Because of the importance of this report, and on account of the imminence that the
Senate should pronounce itself identically, the Government of Peru cannot keep silent,
because it should not want for the latter to be taken as sorne form of acquiescence,
which would be inane, or as a manner of conformity, which cannot exist there where
national sentiments and interests are being deeply injured.
The unrestricted freedom to legislate in any State should not be a matter for observation
in this note; but 1 am compelled to refer to the injustice of one law in particular, and to
the lack of amity and consideration that its contents imply.
It is precisely on account of the cordiality which binds Peru to the United States, that 1
consider it my dut y to inform a friendly nation of how 1 am being made to interpret its
procedures and laws which, in their fundamental conclusions, pose a harm to the
exploitation of Peruvian riches and the industry related to them.
375
1 wish for this note to convey the thoughts had by the Government of Peru on this, and
frankly expose how the passing of this bill would hurt our feelings and infringe on our
rights and interests by disregarding the arguments that our Embassy in Washington has
formulated with aIl detail and at every given chance. The bill in question represents a
black stain in the amity between our two countries.
It is pertinent to expose before His ExceIlency's Government aIl aspects of the fishery
problem, even when the purpose of the present relates mainly to the importation tax on
which the Senate ofyour country must pronounce itself shortly.
1. Before the shores ofPeru lies an immense ichtyologic wealth. Its exploitation cannot be
considered with the restricitive criteria of the old extension for territorial seas. This
wealth is the result of a complete biologic evolution, and its existence is owed not
merely to the waters of the sea, but also to the work of inferior, microscopic creatures,
which are the product of the nutritional elements contained by the continental shelf and
cast into the sea by the Peruvian rivers and torrents which flow into it.
The formation of the icthyologic wealth of the Pacific Ocean facing the shores of my
country is thus owed to every element in the Peruvian territ ory which, as settled by the
laws of nature, suffer a slow transformation, aIlowing for the life and reproduction of a
great number of species of fish.
2. The icthyologic wealth to which 1 refer conforms the indispensable nourishment for the
Peruvian population that seeks and finds it before our shores and is, because of this, an
integral part of their patrimoniallegacy. It should furthermore be preserved as an element
of general richness which, by means of multiple procedures, is exploited for the benefit of
aIl humanity. The conservation of this wealth to which Peru has an incontrovertible and
paramount entitlement happens to matter, to my country and to the world at large.
3. For many years, West Coast American fisheries intensively exploited the icthyologic
riches of California. Unchecked thirst for profit led to reliance on procedures which
have destroyed this food source, and the President of the United States himself has
recently declared the need to issue dispositions meant to avoid its total and complete
destruction.
376
On account of this, that very American industry abandoned the shores of California,
depleted as they were of nutritional elements through such intensive exploitation, and
headed to the coasts of South America -especially those of Peru- to prey on the
ichthyologic richness they harbour, seeking what that same industry destroyed in its
own sea. In order to justify this posture, it invokes the old-fashioned thesis of the narrow
territorial sea, hailing to the N apoleonic era, and which is based exclusively on
considerations of a military nature. In this case, its purpose is pushed to the extreme of
wanting to prevent Peruvians to access to the benefits of fishery in those areas which
constitute the main zone for the exploitation of its ichthyologic wealth, for the feeding
of its population and the development of its fishery.
4. During World War II, it was not easy for American fishery to pursue its activities before
our shores with aIl the elements with which it counts now. During the war, it was indispensable
to seek every last source ofnourishment, and that same friendly nation, the United
States, to which we afforded every possible facility within our reach in order to collaborate
with its determined struggle, enthused Peruvian industrials to organize and increase their
fishery. Our capital did not prove deaf to this incitement: societies were established,
Peruvian capital attended to their calI and a greater amount of fish was caught for
exportation, to augment the availability of food in the defense of a common cause.
5. At the end of the war, and in the more settled environment ofpeace, under the shelter
of promises of union and hopes for utter understanding, our fishery grew and its products
were still sent to the United States. It is then that the American fishery found the modest
concurrence of ours in its markets. It forgot that the Peruvian industry itself has been
born and made to prosper thanks to the United States itself, to lend it aid during the war;
its presence is not wanted anymore.
6. American fishermen do not want for the fish that grows and multiplies before our
shores to represent a competitive factor in their business through being exploited by our
country. In light ofthis, a first tax was levied on tuna oil, and since this proved insufficient
when it came to eliminating competition, the possibility of another tax for frozen tuna
was raised. This will close down the Peruvian industry's only possible market and it will
then have to suspend its activities for the satisfaction of part of the American fishing
industry, the very one which destroyed its own ichthyologic wealth, to stand alone in the
377
market, with the aggravating circumstance that it exploits maritime zones to which, as I
already said, Peru has an indisputable and preferential right.
It would indeed be really quite unseemly if American fishing craft reaping the products
of the ichthyologic wealth before our shores were also to demand that the Peruvian
product that does reach port should paya tax which would be ruinous.
Peru cannot imagine that the United States, which so helped with the development of
our fishery in such difficult times, is now passing dispositions to ruin it and make it
disappear. The Peruvian Government-canrrot-accept-such a procedure if only because it,
itself, does not conform to observed good neighbour policies. Amity scuffles with the
harm that is do ne to the friend.
The United States of America know full weIl of the muffled struggle that exists between
the West and the East, a struggle in which it stands as the standard-bearer for the defense
of Occidental civilization. It is not to the point to measure the contribution that the
American Continent can represent to the common cause. There are many agreements
which Peru has accorded and is currently according with the United States to that very
effect. In this way, Peru adheres to its traditionally friendly and collaborative policy in
relation to the United States, a policy it has upheld as the norm for its international
affairs and translated into facts through its performance during the Second World War, a
time during which it never hesitated to lend aIl the help that was requested of it and
which it was able to give.
The current danger ofbringing on the ruin of a rising industry in Peru by excluding our
capital from the exploitation of a richness to which we are furthermore entitled, will stir
a sentiment of discouragement and deep disillusionment in the Peruvian people. It will
be difficult for Peruvians to keep their faith in the principles of friendship and
collaboration when such an evident harm is wrought on its interests, with only sorne
American fisheries in sight. American capital has always had a wide warrant y for the
exploitation of our riches in the eyes of our law, but today, news reaches us that, for the
welfare of a few American industries which exploit the richness of our shores, the interest
of Peru is forgotten and it dealt an irreparable damage.
378
My Government does not hesitate to say that it does not understand this mistaken
protectionist policy. It cannot even be said that the bill represents a vital matter to the
United States, because it is only an exaggerated and unnecessary protection of a reduced
sector of its immense industries, posing an evident detriment to the clear rights and
interests of a friendly nation. The Government of Peru will not be able to answer when
its people says that it is disappointed in the United States for its lack ofunderstanding of
our problems; it will be difficult to ask any efforts or sacrifices of them for a better
collaboration with our great friend in the North, when the mass of the citizenship bears
in its spirit the natural resentment and mis trust in reciprocity for tomorrow.
The tax that is being studied would be equivalent to an economic aggression which the
Government of Peru never imagined could possibly come from the United States, a
nation to which it is bound by the highest amity and consideration, trusting the ideals of
being good neighbours and partaking in an understanding treatment.
The United States of America has always sympathetically welcomed and understandingly
embraced perspectives sheltering the rights and legitimate interests of other countries,
especially those to which it is bound by the historical and sacred ties of continental
solidarity, and it is thus hoped that the reasons presented in this note exert sorne influence
in the decision taken by the United States Senate.
Fortunately, to date, the tax to which 1 have so frequently referred is but a project.
American policymaking can still avoid the irreparable harm which 1 now speak of. The
Government of Peru trusts that it shall do so.
1 shall thankHis Excellency ifhe should bring this note to the attention of the Government
of the United States of America.
Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.
To His Excellency Mr. Harold H. Tittman
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotenciary
of the Unites States of America
City.-
379
Annex 64
NOTE No. 86 OF 10 JULY 1952, FROM THE AMBASSADOR OF CHILE
TO THE MINIS TER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
EMa.S.JI\DA. OECH!tE
.t.l~A
380
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381
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382
Annex 64
NOTE No. 86 OF 10 JULY 1952, FROM THE AMBASSADOR OF CHILE TO THE
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
Lima, 10 July 1952
No. 86
Your Excellency,
On behalf ofmy Government, I have the honour to invite Your Excellency's Government
to attend the celebration of a Conference oriented to conclude agreements regarding the
problems caused by whaling in the waters of the South Pacific and the industrialization
ofwhale products.
The Governments of Pern, Ecuador and Chile will participate in it.
Everything seems to point out the need for our countries to study the measures that
should be adopted in defence of their fishing industry in the face of the weIl-founded
claims by businessmen of the three countries as weIl as the restrictive dispositions of the
1946 Washington Convention, modified later in the Congresses of London, Oslo and
Cape City.
The Conference could be celebrated between 4 and 9 August and it would convene that
the three participating countries include in their delegations a member versed in
International Law, given the repercussion that its agreements would very probably have
on the matters of that order that have already originated declarations by the Presidents
of Pern and Chile.
383
I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to Your Excellency the securities of my
highest and most distinguished consideration.-
SIGNED JOSÉ FRANCISCO URREJOLA
Ambassador
In conformity
ENRIQUE COBO DEL CAMPO
First Secretary of the Embassy ofChile
To His Excellency
Dr. Manuel C. Gallagher
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Present.-
385
Annex 65
NOTE No. (N): 6/17/14 OF 12 APRIL 1955, FROM THE MINISTER
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF THE
UNITED KINGDOM
(Memoria deI Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores (28 de julio de 1954 - 28 de julio de
1955). Lima, Talleres Gnlficos P. L. Villanueva, 1955)
386
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Annex 65
NOTE No. (N): 6/17/14 OF 12 APRIL 1955, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
(Memoria deI Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores (28 de julio de 1954 - 28 de julio de
1955. Lima). Talleres Gnlficos P. L. Villanueva, 1955)
N umber (N): 6/17/14
Lima, 12 April 1955.
Your Excellency,
1 answer the Notes sent by the British Embassy in Lima to the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, setting out the points of view of the British Government regarding the legal
provisions enacted by the Government of Pern, in which it de fines and specifies the
extension of its jurisdiction and sovereignty over the sea adj acent to its coasts. 1 refer to
Note No. 113 of 15 October 1952 and 1 should also specially mention Note No. 34 of31
August 1954 relating to the approval by Pern of the Declaration on the Maritime Zone,
signed at Santiago on 18 August 1952 by Chile, Ecuador and Pern, in which it is said
that Her Majesty's Government deplores being unable to recognize the validity of the
agreed measures and that it will not consider that British citizens are subject to measures
of restriction and control over the high sea out of the waters considered as territorial
waters.
The Government of Pern has considered with the greatest attention the arguments
presented over the reservations made by the Government ofHer Royal Majesty regarding
the aforementioned Declaration, and has the honour to state the following answer:
a) The Embassy of Great Britain bases the attitude of its Government on the
existence of a boundary recognised for the sovereignty of the States over the sea that
390
reaches a distance of only three nautical miles as of the lowest tide line. It is worth
mentioning, on this issue, that modern sea control systems and the changes on the
conditions and possibilities to perform it, have gradually led to the devising of legal
concepts different from the already archaic of three nautical miles formerly applied to
the denominated territorial sea. This assumption -apart from that- never found a
unanimous and general agreement, and on the contrary, there has never existed a uniform
doctrine, as it was confirmed whenever any attempt was made to reach a multilateral
agreement. Thus, it has not been a consensual mIe nor has it had the necessary consistency
and universality character in the matter, nor has it developed execution and use practices
that would allow it to be considered a customary mandatory mIe for the States, neither
because of its extension nor to the forms and methods to fix the limit line.
b) 1 would like to draw the attention of the Government of Great Britain towards
the fact of constant evolution of International Law, particularly noticeable in maritime
problems. Thus, the extension ofjurisdiction to the Contiguous Zone and the Continental
Shelf are facts proving that the development of technology in reference to the means
of exploitation and exploration of maritime zones has consequently led International
Law to recognise today the right of States to protect, conserve and promo te maritime
resources and to ensure their use and utilisation. The lack of a general uniformity among
the various legal concepts of international nature governing the maritime zone, on the
contrary, does not alter nor modi1y a fundamental norm set in aIl of them, that is to say,
the exclusive jurisdiction of each State to freely determine the nature, methods and
extent of their maritime sovereignty and their obligation to ensure their own people their
necessary subsistence conditions; and for doing so, to care for the conservation and
protection of the natural resources of the sea along their coasts.
c) The noble and humanitarian purposes pursued for the protection and conservation
of natural and particularly ichthyological resources, should not, in the opinion of the
Government of Pem, give the opportunity to other States to make reservations as to
their rights concerning the measures adopted in the referred Declaration on Maritime
Zone, especiaIly, due to the special care taken to recognise it "does not imply ignorance
of the necessary limitations to the exercise of sovereignty and jurisdiction, established
by International Law, in favour of the innocent and harmless passage through the zone
indicated for vessels from aIl nations".
391
d) In the Declaration on Maritime Zone, Pern, Chile and Ecuador have not only
safeguarded the legitimate interest other States may have for navigation and trade, but
they have also considered the granting of fishing and hunting licenses in said Zone to
nationals and enterprises of other countries, provided that they comply with the regulations
established to safeguard the species. They have thus demonstrated that they had no
intention to exclude other countries from the use and utilisation of resources but only to
ensure its due protection and conservation. Therefore, the Maritime Zone, as established
in the Declaration of Santiago, does not have any of the characteristics that would seem
to be attributed to it by the Government of Great Britain, but on the contrary, it is clearly
and precisely inspired, in the conservation and reasonable use of the natural resources.
e) As to the reference made to the projects of the United Nations International
Law Commission, the Government must state, in the first place, that they cannot be
vested, as it is inferred, the authority of International Law established provisions or
princip les; and at the right time and place, that is, when these are to be discussed in the
General Assembly, it will not refrain anybody from expressing the opinions on them.
From now on, it must be noted that the same International Law Commission was able to
verify, once more, the lack of general agreement among the different States, on the
extension of sovereignty over the se a, which has compelled it to defer the writing of an
article about the issue.
f) The Government of Pern wishes to underline, at this opportunity, its traditional
policy pursued and the adjustment of its international proceedings to the legal regulations
that are the basis for the pacific coexistence among States. Its firm decision to find
appropriate satisfactory law formulas to situations that were considered unimportant
sorne decades ago, is nothing more than a confirmation of its cordial aspiration to place
maritime issues of common interest within the international precepts, as they are given
much greater importance in life today.
g) The Government of Pern has the confidence that the reasons explained will
lead the Government of Great Britain to the conviction of the legitimacy ofits action by
agreeing with the Governments of Chile and Ecuador on the Declaration on Maritime
Zone and the grounds to refuse the observations and reservations opposed by the
Government of Great Britain.
392
1 avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to His Excellency the assurances of my
highest and most distinguished consideration.
To His Excellency
W.H. Montagu-Pollock, C.M.G.,
Ambassador Extraordinary and
Plenipotentiary of Great Britain.
City.-
E. lndacochea Z.
Legal Advisor.
David Aguilar Comejo
393
Annex 66
NOTE No. (M): 6/3/29 OF 12 APRIL 1955, FROM THE MINISTER
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES A.I.
OF THE UNITED STATES
(Memoria deI Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores (28 de julio de 1954 - 28 de julio de
1955. Lima). Talleres Gnlficos P. L. Villanueva, 1955)
394
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"1 t't:~&i'\'~~Q~~~)~ta$ ".JU}" ~l ao&!il-r'n~ d~ l.Q~ ~sb4~~ 1JJdi1~B40
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396
Annex 66
NOTE No. (M): 6/3/29 OF 12 APRIL 1955, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES A.I.
OF THE UNITED STATES
(Memoria deI Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores (28 de julio de 1954 - 28 de julio de
1955. Lima). Talleres Gnlficos P. L. Villanueva, 1955)
Number (M): 6/3/29
Lima, 12 April 1955.
Honourable Sir,
1 answer the Notes sent by the Embassy of the United States in Lima to the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, setting out the points of view of the American Government regarding
the provisions enacted by the Government of Pern, in which it de fines and specifies the
extension of its jurisdiction and sovereignty over the sea adjacent to its coasts. 1 refer to
Note No. 1030 of2 July 1948 and 1 should also specially mention Note No. 101 of20
September 1954 relating to the approval by Pern of the Declaration on the Maritime
Zone, signed at Santiago on 18 August 1952 by Chile, Ecuador and Pern, in which it is
said that the Government of the United States is not obliged to recognize claims over
territorial waters beyond three miles from the low-tide line in the coast and reserves aIl
the rights in the case it is attempted to apply the principles agreed in the Declaration.
The Government of Pern has considered with the greatest attention the arguments
presented over the reservations made by the Government of the United States regarding
the aforementioned Declaration, and has the honour to state the following answer:
a) The Embassy of the United States bases the attitude ofits Government on the
existence of a boundary recognised for the sovereignty of the States over the sea that
397
reaches a distance of only three nautical miles as of the lowest tide line. It is worth
mentioning, on this issue, that modern sea control systems and the changes on the
conditions and possibilities to perform it, have gradually led to the devising of legal
concepts different from the already archaic of three nautical miles formerly applied to
the denominated territorial sea. This assumption -apart from that- never found a
unanimous and general agreement, and on the contrary, there has never existed a uniform
doctrine, as it was confirmed whenever any attempt was made to reach a multilateral
agreement. Thus, it has not been a consensual rule nor has it had the necessary consistency
and universality character in the matter, nor has it developed execution and use practices
that would allow it to be considered a customary mandatory rule for the States, neither
because of its extension nor to the forms and methods to fix the limit line.
b) 1 would like to draw the attention of the Government of the United States towards
the fact of constant evolution of International Law, particularly noticeable in maritime
problems. Thus, the extension of jurisdiction to the Contiguous Zone and the Continental
Shelf are facts proving that the development of technology in reference to the means of
exploitation and exploration of maritime zones has consequently led International Law
to recognise today the right of States to protect, conserve and promote maritime resources
and to ensure their use and utilisation. The lack of a general uniformity among the
various legal concepts of international nature governing the maritime zone, on the
contrary, does not alter nor modify a fundamental norm set in aIl of them, that is to say,
the exclusive jurisdiction of each State to freely determine the nature, methods and
extent of their maritime sovereignty and their obligation to ensure their own people
their necessary subsistence conditions; and for doing so, to care for the conservation
and protection of the natural resources of the sea along their coasts.
c) The noble and humanitarian purposes pursued for the protection and conservation
of natural and particularly ichthyological resources, should not, in the opinion of the
Government of Peru, give the opportunity to other States to make reservations as to
their rights concerning the measures adopted in the referred Declaration on Maritime
Zone, especiaIly, due to the special care taken to recognise it "does not imply ignorance
of the necessary limitations to the exercise of sovereignty and jurisdiction, established
by International Law, in favour of the innocent and harmless passage through the zone
indicated for vessels from aIl nations".
398
d) In the Declaration on Maritime Zone, Peru, Chile and Ecuador have not only
safeguarded the legitimate interest other States may have for navigation and trade, but
they have also considered the granting of fishing and hunting licenses in said Zone to
nationals and enterprises of other countries, provided that they comply with the regulations
established to safeguard the species. They have thus demonstrated that they had no intention
to exclude other countries from the use and utilisation of resources but only to ensure its
due protection and conservation. Therefore, the Maritime Zone, as established in the
Declaration of Santiago, does not have any of the characteristics that would seem to be
attributed to it by the Government of the United States, but on the contrary, it is clearly and
precisely inspired, in the conservation and reasonable use of the natural resources.
e) As to the reference made to the projects of the United Nations International
Law Commission, the Government must state, in the first place, that they cannot be
veste d, as it is inferred, the authority of International Law established provisions or
principles; and at the right time and place, that is, when these are to be discussed in the
General Assembly, it will not refrain anybody from expressing the opinions on them.
From now on, it must be noted that the same International Law Commission was able to
verity, once more, the lack of general agreement among the different States, on the
extension of sovereignty over the sea, which has compelled it to defer the writing of an
article about the issue.
f) The Government of Peru wishes to underline, at this opportunity, its traditional
policy pursued and the adjustment of its international proceedings to the legal regulations
that are the basis for the pacific coexistence among States. Its firm decision to find
appropriate satisfactory law formulas to situations that were considered unimportant
sorne decades ago, is nothing more than a confirmation of its cordial aspiration to place
maritime issues of common interest within the international precepts, as they are given
much greater importance in life today.
g) The Government of Peru has the confidence that the reasons explained willlead
the Government of the United States to the conviction of the legitimacy ofits action by
agreeing with the Governments of Chile and Ecuador on the Declaration on Maritime
Zone and the grounds to refuse the observations and reservations opposed by the
Government of the United States.
399
1 avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to Your Honour the assurances of my
distinguished consideration.
To the Honourable
EUGENE A. GILMORE
Chargé d'affaires aj. of the
United States.
City.
E. INDACOCHEA Z.
Legal Advisor.
DAVID AGUILAR CORNEJO
401
Annex 67
MEMORANDUM OF THE EMBASSY OF PERU IN CHILE
OF 26 MAY 1965
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
402
1. .. 11;.,1, 0 • A .. 1:) 11 U . , J 4
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la ~111*~1â ~i~ la • .1_ ~o:t4n de Sin
GQi>1.Gil"~ ~l" lJw ~.;~ffi ~~~~~ 'e '. Utel'fa!
00 ltlrw1:~ JlwaqJliW~;eh1~~ y ... d~1adlc
nQ'&Yii!i~ aO:t~{$ â \-lcko:l.&n &:t ~ k~,.l~1al ••
Vttl"Uafil$;$ o~tr&.~Qll el.' do Q,br-il Qi,'". ~. ct!lctt
~~Q.tt lcGllga ulû.l.entilis_ ~~c.à.u Q!..~e~.a
clY en qw. •• 4$aeab_, Il .tU"lti .. U.p1_ ... »*êce
f!:'ftnta ~ 1.4 pl!t;fa ciel La. ~
e=o _~o $t. ~ la .,,6,_.1.-
6·13& ~ ~trw.a ~~ .. el ~J~ . .a .,~ ~ oe5
b~.G do nu -oQ~!.~~oe .• bGt ~~to- 3l ca oe..u.: ~. coa
ven!emda ~ flUè _bau Jld' ... coe.-u~ •.• le .....
'* ~lbo"~ ~ le ~~ .• ..-an l'a ft .... · ~' •
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:Ian~jo 2t\ ~ mJîJC· è~.. . rt \b'ÇJ
403
Annex 67
MEMORANDUM OF THE EMBASSY OF PERU IN CHILE OF 26 MAY 1965
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
The Ambassador of Peru reiterated to the Chilean Foreign Office his Government's
deep concern at the continuous incursions of its coast by Chilean fishing vessels, and he
complained about new infringements of Peruvian territorial waters committed on 27
April 1965 by five Chilean vessels, identified in circumstances in which they were
carrying out illegal fishing in front of the beach of La Yarada.
As a means of preventing a repeat of these events, the Ambassador of Peru, on behalf of
his Government, proposed that each country build, on its corresponding seashore, a
lighthouse placed no further than five kilometres from the frontier line. If this proposaI
were accepted by the Chilean Government, technical discussions would be commenced
as soon as possible to de al with the matter.
Santiago, 26 May 1965
405
Annex 68
MEMORANDUM OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
OF 6 OCTOBER 1965
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
REPUBLICl.,. DE CHILE
Y,n~ilS'l.·EmO :nE m:r.A(:(m"èS }::.':~::;::::WlOE:'
406
.•.".•
t. POl" infol'maciones oficialeB· recibidas en este
l1inis terio, se ha tenido conocimiE!:llt.o. de que, en ta tar
de deI dia 4: de octunre ûltim.ot se encontraba, en aguas
situadas a 15 nd.. l1.a$ a~ .sur del ltmi.t.e chi.~eno ... peruano.
y a 45 millas al oeste de! puerto de Arica, Ulla t'Iota
pesquera peruana compuQsta de aIrededor de 70 buques.
2. La presencia de estas Bavas en el lugar indic,!
do no ac concilia co.n 1.0 dispuesto en la Declaraciôll. so
brc Zona Mar1tima subscrita en. Santiago con :tacha 18 de
agosto de 1952 por los Gobiarnos de Chila t Perû y Ecuadol"
..
3. En estas circuustancias, al Ministerio de Rel~
ciones Exteriores se ve obligado a hacer presente al
Excelentlsim.o SenOJ;" EmbajadQr deI Peru, para que s:e 51!,
va dar traslado de el10 a su Gobierno, 'la inconvenienci.
de esta situaciôn y la cert.eza de que ese Gobierno adop
tar'a de irunediato las providencias. necesarias para ponerle
término y para evitar que heches de esta naturale
za \.'Uelv·an a Qcurrir.
Santia Q 6 de octubre de 6-
407
Annex 68
MEMORANDUM OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
OF 6 OCTOBER 1965
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
1. According to official information received by this Ministry, it has been reported
that on the evening of 4 October 1965, a Peruvian fishing fleet consisting of approximately
70 boats was spotted in waters situated 15 miles to the south of the Chilean-Peruvian
border and 45 miles to the east of the Port of Arica.
2. The presence of these vessels in the place indicated is not consistent with the
provisions contained in the Declaration on the Maritime Zone signed at Santiago on 18
August 1952 by the Governments of Chile, Peru and Ecuador.
3. Under these circumstances, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is obliged to notify
His Excellency the Ambassador of Peru in order for him to notify his Government that
this situation is unacceptable requesting that it should immediately take the necessary
measures to put an end to this situation and prevent any reoccurrence of similar events.
Santiago, 6 October 1965
409
Annex 69
MEMORANDUM OF THE EMBASSY OF PERU IN CHILE
OF 3 DECEMBER 1965
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
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.~~~~ ett~ fl~! ~dQ% ~~ *~,qO\} !~ ~~s} ~t ~.,Wad n.~
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"fJ,O~ •• 40ft ~~O nt Sp, ttflOOOnt3~ lt'( ~M~ ttad
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Olt'
411
Annex 69
MEMORANDUM OF THE EMBASSY OF PERU IN CHILE
OF 3 DECEMBER 1965
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
1. At a meeting held today with the Director General of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, the Ambassador of Peru reiterated the complaint made on numerous previous
occasions regarding the continuous transgressions of its maritime frontier committed by
Chilean fishing vessels which make frequent illegal incursions into Peruvian territorial
waters.
2. On this occasion, he cited the case of the two vessels which on 3 N ovember this
year were caught, at 09.25 a.m., in the zone known as La Yarada. The characteristics of
the said vessels were as follows: one ofthem bore the name 'MIPO-A', with a blue hull,
a stripe along the side and a white cabin; the other was grey with a white cabin. Both
were flying Chilean flags and were towing fishing boats.
3. Reiterating his complaint, the Ambassador of Peru expressed his Government's
concern at these acts committed by vessels originating from a country which shares the
same defensive position over the maritime zone and repeated his request that the Chilean
Government take the measures necessary to put a final stop to the problem.
Santiago, 3 December 1965.
413
Annex 70
NOTE 6-4/8 OF 7 FEBRUARY 1967, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
414
~ango Q hottl't;. di:r~e i!':l'lle a
Vue~d;ru EXCfüencj,a. en imlje~1at-o eU!1l:pl1::li~~to de
}oâta;"UHtito ·zn !.ù Cf;lr:ve1l1.o GO::Jl1l1e»et/.t,Rt'"io a la
'D.Qele.l'tv~iéll. df! gt:<beT'!<n.!a:Mb.l'e la ~I,)ne ~~d.ti.flla d.~
?OO l.tdll.r.\(3" St1so't"i to ~n U~lla~l li- dé di~i~r.sb:t'~~1~
19:~/~,p&rl3. llevàr> ft cOM)di:I;t·ant:n d.&l l1ust·:!',(!,J.o()obi>"~
l"nù dE: GJ:îile que e-ls,;l:ü.or t':ml.·H~jr,;·:i{}~' de r::ntado~
tinf,ins, e:n 1'3. untl'i:'vi!,ta '::tue 1;Q eOiii.!:~I~r. 1tl, !l:f.€: 1> èle
103 ~tir2\j.f~!~-t;~a t me' J~~atrif~stô <).~El ~11.,\ ·fi.Q:t,i,ü:i:no ~ùl~~Id€
1r:'~ital -c:oroo 10 hadei:!lar'aI'Jo ~n iHî'ttl.;~,(n>0s;çy()rtu. ....
tlÏ\'!n'::,es>~ que lM l'èdl~:s.ziQI1~a unillS.t:er-èles de< 200
léIill:<lE de I:ial' t'j'!.'ri t{U~Ütl. ti';:.'C, d'l.l'j::;;;::::ntE:! èo:n.tl"e.rias
~1 1)êr~{:ho y la p'~et'l.c:a :tn:tt:lrnailj ,F::,l1*S y ~u~ n(l
e~;tâ obliga.ô.o a rC-CO!1ocel' las Q;u.~ f;I:tcdan: .a b..G ~
mIls$. n$.utie.a~ tr<1.4icic·r:al-eS4 A1Y(,:3lit'~~ t~!ll;;.lt1l.6nte
qu€:· !i;~ tadc.8 ünid>::!.a estima que nO fÙ:.i.;,H;O::: ft!ll:~,an::t)nt.o en
el D<:!ô:'ecJ.:.Qo la J>!,11ctit~a inter.1î~{:1.t·~:·,:.tf'ii9 ]l'i'il\'S. le ex ...
tensilb ! .. H::.ui:tt~l'al pOJ: un E5tad6 .tl1i<!l'<::n-o d.a utla juris. ..
rl.i.cc16i1 ~);Cl;'lS~.V:B. sobre pesc.am!S! !.'tut f..e la~ l<~ millas
nauttc()z ruedfd~s. tel como <.<1 max:: to't"r:i:' ori8.lf ~~$da la
11.r.:e::: :)8 'base ·estable·cfl:,tùtHlf<')1'llb3 al ;:;o:r~éht:<i nternneional.
,%~J:.;:€'.6!lue lQ~ p:t\::Ôla)l:!$;::> $obr,s ~n.ç(1erlas en el mer
sitUado all.t't!îM ese l':i,:mitll" dellen ISe.!' e.Ç1UC~OMdog pot'
acuet'dQ de la~ Partes int;el'.esa.d3.&,. ::1..l1fùnanta. me Dl'OpU-
5:0* a nombl.'e d~a~; GObiem, qua 1.3. pr·.:J'l(HigadSl disputa con
el Gobie~:rjo dél Feru ;3.c€:X'ci3da :r-.:::dID1<-!ldonms de. juri!;ldie~
ei&n 8ob!'<!:: .z:.; nrss d,~ l ülta mat' 8~~ gO.IRe t;iüft ~i. ml. n éb.'l tr.ltj~
l:lqttlr~li\;;;nt.·:~ t.i.ce.pt~=tbl~::: <~'t ~\;)l~JO u;n{! ;11t·~~31·:n:~~tl':{{~t: a J.~ G()l'te
1nternMional ~.~'! jl~~ticia,.
id. ~~~ltlnt!sillioB~fiQl" Doctor
f'fm U~Î'i~fo 'i'i;eJJ~er ~rr'ai:ns ..•.
lf.~~.ja"~ t'~.rtr.iJ:() nIj;)lamic 7! :i:'le'nipo teM l. 8rlo dG (:1111& ~
{) .• t·n .. ù.;Q tL •
. It_.f ... _:'
415
/1,.
gn àmo:n{ê! con el ~a'p!ritu da d:te~m t;onven~Ot me
sert g'l'a,to pl'oponet' a VueEt.:ra. Jt&:cëlcn~ia.ll' a la b1"evedll.rl posi'ble
.. el lH'Qced:im1entQ de info.t'I3aei6n y de ClODsl.21ts dest1 .... ·
11a<1o u da!' (!ebidfl. ejecndôn B 10 estableci<1o 'Sn el k't"tlcul0
2~ de l'licba instrutiEmto 1nternae1onal ..
Urdl n(lt~ en estO$ rel~1tloS' t~l"J!!1:uo~: l-", sidQ entregada
eu lal icena al eenor Eneargado d,:.' Negoato$ deI ecu:J:dC>l"t pllfs
que el:: ~'>art&. t:!li tl:ut~n de Chilti 1 deI Peri, ~)l los CQU'fenu&
del Pacifieo ~ur.
J'-~i!'O"fH~!10 la ol~o.ttn.nidad 1}G.l.'-3 J.',;i>:0~<a:t'le, seÙQ!.' S ..
baj~~dort lal,r:;J:J;,~uTiàaQe~ de! lti :S!!13 alta y di!3ti:nguida consi ...
dP.l~ilç:15 !1.
416
Annex 70
NOTE 6-4/8 OF 7 FEBRUARY 1967, FROM THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
6-4/8 Lima, 7 February 1967
Your Excellency,
I have the honour of addressing Your Excellency, in strict compliance with the
provisions of the Complementary Convention to the Declaration of Sovereignty on the
200-Mile Maritime Zone, signed at Lima on 4 December 1954, in order to inform the
Honourable Government ofChile that the Ambassador of the United States, in the meeting
which I had with him on 4 February 1967, told me that his Government considers,
as he has stated on previous occasions, that the unilateral claims of 200 miles of territorial
sea are clearly contrary to internationallaw and practice and that it is not obliged to
recognize claims which exceed the traditional 3 nautical miles. He also informed me
that the United States considers that there are no grounds in internationallaw or practice
for a riparian State to unilaterally extend exclusive jurisdiction over fisheries beyond
the distance of 12 nautical miles measured, like the territorial sea, from the baseline
established in accordance with internationallaw. He added that the problems offisheries
in the sea situated beyond that limit must be resolved by agreement with the parties
concerned. Finally, he proposed to me, on behalf ofhis Government, that the prolonged
dispute with the Government ofPeru concerningjurisdictional claims over zones of the
high sea be submitted to mutually acceptable arbitration or, as an alternative, to the
International Court of Justice.
In keeping with the spirit of the said Convention, I shall be pleased to propose to
Your Excellency, as soon as possible, the information and consultation procedure intended
to give due implementation to the provisions contained in Article 2 of the said international
instrument.
417
A note to the same effect has today been sent to the Chargé d'Affaires of Ecuador,
a country which is party, together with Chile and Pern, to the South Pacific Conventions.
1 avail myself ofthis opportunity to reiterate to Your Excellency, the assurances of
my highest and most distinguished consideration.
To His Excellency
Dr Horacio Walker Larrain
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Chile,
City.-
419
Annex 71
NOTE No. (J) 6-4/9 OF 6 FEBRUARY 1968, FROM THE MINISTRY
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES A.I. OF
CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
420
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421
(TRANSCRIPTION)
N ota N° (J) 6-4/9
Lima, 6 de febrero de 1968
Selior Encargado de Negocios.-
Tengo a honra dirigirme a su selioria para comunicarle que, a raiz de la entrevista
realizada en Lima por el selior Embajador don Fabio Pio Valdivieso, Director de
Fronteras deI Estado, y el selior Coronel don Alej andro Forch, Jefe deI Departamento de
Limites de Chile, y el Embajador don Bolivar Ulloa, Asesor Técnico, y el Ministro don
Jorge Velando Ugarteche, Jefe deI Departamento de Fronteras de esta Cancilleria, este
Despacho estima, considerando 10 tratado en la entrevis ta, que es conveniente que se
proceda a construir por ambos paises, postes 0 seliales de apreciables proporciones y
visibles a gran distancia, en el punta en que la frontera comun llega al mar, cerca deI hito
numero uno.
Si el ilustrado Gobierno de Chi le esta de acuerdo con esta proposici6n, mucho le
agradeceré darmelo a conocer, asi coma el nombre deI técnico que tenga a bien designar
para reunirse en el terreno con el que comisione el Gobierno deI Pern a fin de llevar a
efecto la construcci6n de la mencionada selial.
Aprovecho esta oportunidad para reiterar a su selioria las seguridades de mi mas
distinguida consideraci6n.
Al Honorable Selior
Don José Oyarzun Gonzalez
Encargado de N egocios aj. de Chile
Ciudad.-
422
Annex 71
NOTE No. (J) 6-4/9 OF 6 FEBRUARY 1968, FROM THE MINISTRY OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES A.I. OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Note No. (1) 6-4/9
Lima, 6 February 1968
Honourable Sir,
I have the honour to inform you that, on the basis of the meeting held in Lima by
the Ambassador Mr Fabio Vio Valdivieso, Director of the State Frontiers, and Colonel
Alejandro Forch, Head of the Department ofChile's Borders, and Ambassador Bolivar
Ulloa, Technical Assistant, and Minister Jorge Velando U garteche, Head of the
Department ofFrontiers ofthis Ministry ofForeignAffairs, this office considers, having
regard to the matter discussed at the meeting, convenient, for both countries, to proceed
to build posts or signs of considerable dimensions and visible at a great distance, at the
point at which the common border reaches the sea, near boundary marker number one.
If the Honourable Government of Chile agrees with this proposaI, I would be
most grateful if it would notify me accordingly and provide the name of the technician
who it intends to appoint for the purpose of arranging an on-site meeting with the
technician appointed by the Government ofPeru in order to proceed with the construction
of the said marker.
I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to Your Honour, the assurances of my
most distinguished consideration.
To the Honourable
JosÉ OYARZUN GONZÀLEZ
Chargé d'Affaires aj. ofChile
City.-
423
Annex 72
NOTE No. 81 OF 8 MARCH 1968, FROM THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES
A.I. OF CHILE TO THE MINIS TER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS (IN CHARGE)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
424
t:;t"t8AJADA DE CHILE
Lima,8de Ma.:r:zo de 1968
Tengo el honor de dar re~pues-
~8ta a la atenta nota de ·\Tuestra Exce:1encia NSl(J): 6-4/9,
de .techa 6 de :rebrero pasado, po.!" medio de la oual me
co::n.unica que 1 $. raiz de las conversaciones celebradas en
Lima l'or las autoridades per\1.anas y chilenas def'ronteras
y limi.tes, se l1eg6 a establecer la conven.iencia de
que se p:t'oceda a construir1'or ambos pal.ses, post;es 0
sanales de apreciables prop'orcionesy visibles a gran.
dis·t<ancia, en el punta en q,ue la frontera. com.i:in llega
al maI' ~ ce :t'ca d El: 1 hi·t (] nWn.ero WlO ..
~$obre este particl.lla:r,. pued.o
in!ol.'mar a Vuestra Exc01encia que mi Go·bierno e.::rti,::na $0-
ceptable vuestra p:roposiciôu, para que d.icha reunion de
técnicos peruanos y c1ülenos se lleve a efect;Q en el hitoo:
ûmero une: ,en la. fecha y hora que disponga Vuestra
.Excelencia.
La ielega.ciôn ùe Chile estaria
compuesta. por el Jefe dei Departarrl!2!uto ùe Limites' Ir:
ternacionales, I!.lf!;eniero Geografo don Alejandro lf'orch y
AL Z,::~v.:ZSN'rIBrMO BZi::OR
?i~2«I.Q.sr~Lr~€: tJ~~L \CjOi\( ... :1:~1 ~j ·r)B :;~.:.I.l;l..:Zrl(OS,
y iliINT:~I'aO Di: n:;..üL. .: JjDA y GG1i_~2CIO ~
~!~C.'!AE;.G.>\.D{} :rs .L,..~ C.A.i~J.~':~?·_it
425
EÏ"lBAJADA DE CH1LE
y el Cûnsultror Maritimo de esa repartici6n,Capitau de
Navio e!l retiro ~$peciali..sta. en hidxograf!a, don. àlberto
Quedo,pues, en consecuencia, a. la
eS};J&r.".a de la decisi6n qu.e" en definitiva, adopte Vuestra
E~<cel~ncia sobre la materia para. concretar esta reu.n.i6n.
Me valga de esta oportWlida.d. para
renovs.!' a Vuest:ra Exçelenci.a. las se~id.ades de mi m.as
al ta y diz:tinguid.a c(Jn.sid.e:t~a.ei6nw
Francisco J'osé Oyarzun.
Encargado de .\.'tegoe1.os a .. i .. de
Chile .. -
426
Annex 72
NOTE No. 81 OF 8 MARCH 1968, FROM THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES A.I. OF
CHILE TO THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS (IN CHARGE)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
NO.81
Lima, 8 March 1968
YOUR EXCELLENCY,
I have the honour to reply to the note ofYour Excellency No. (1) 6-4/9 dated 6 February
1968, whereby you informed me that, on the basis of the discussions held in Lima by the
Peruvian and Chilean frontier and border authorities, it was found convenient for both
countries to proceed to build posts or signs of considerable dimensions and visible at
great distance, at the point at which the common border reaches the sea, near boundary
marker number one.
On this point, I can inform Your Excellency that my Government considers your proposaI
acceptable for the said meeting ofPeruvian and Chilean technicians to be held at boundary
marker number one, on the date and at the time to be arranged by Your Excellency.
The Chilean Delegation will consist of the Head of the Department of International
Boundaries, the engineer and geographer Mr Alejandro F orch and the maritime consultant
of that department, retired naval captain specialist in hydrography, Mr Alberto Andrade.
I therefore await the final decision adopted by Your Excellency regarding the details for
this meeting.
427
I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to Your Excellency, the assurances of my
highest and most distinguished consideration.
TO HIS EXCELLENCY
FRANCISCO JosÉ OYARZUN
Chargé d'Affaires aj. ofChile
PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
AND MINISTER OF THE TREASURY AND TRADE,
IN CHARGE OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS PORTFOLIO
429
Annex 73
NOTE No. (J) 6-4/19 OF 28 MARCH 1968, FROM THE SECRETARY
GENERAL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE CHARGÉ
D'AFFAIRES A.I. OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
430
rKRO r J l 6-4/! 1
don
Tengo el honOl' de <S.vhal"
recibo de: h «ti~nta not.<i de Vue~trà S;:ü1.o./.':!a N° gl,.ù~
g dsl oe.~s '$r~ ï;m·:,'.(\·. '~1.~>l:3Jl.'estando q,u~ el Gabhrno dt;:,
ChillS: a<::~pta 1<.1 pro;ïo:;"Ü :i6n p'3~"'u.ana d~ estudiar- la:
inSl tdaei,5.Q: (!~ m,':u'CS$ de -enfilaci6n vbi ole'$. il grall
di.~ta{v~iall &.<1 el pünt.o ~n que la frorlter'''' CQm~n 11~,
i$a &l~r. c!!:!'e,?, dei Mt!.) nmnero MO.
La lJ~1B&aci6n per1,!ana !S!!.:
t-al"â CO::3puest,,, ;''O:!.' ~1 ,'.':,i>;~s ~ro i'Jn ~l Servicio t1i?lQ ....
'<i:!t.:tco de liZ B..e:?t1cl tca doo Jorg~";elando :~g:srtecQ.e)
J0ft" dû Dep.1l"'t.a::.b1to de r·ro.~t<}riH~ cte-'3n,l C:lncil.hri<~
"i cl Cap1:t<1n de l'lav:!o ;L} doa J,::rg-tS Part';:;; ciel ~1:i&.
go Bndar", Sut. drcctCl"l' de f.idt">gr<.<.fiJ. y F~ros deI
,-tini~t,,:.rio 'J~' ~~at'ina) t;.uhme!S. d~ ~Ctlt>rrl9 con l~$
cj;)n:v~r$acion&s tOBté.nid&f tm d ii'l:5 reei~ntf: a eon VU&t!,
tra Seffor!a1 se e.ncoût:ral'J:n en el !totel l'f:q ?a3ol'1 da
la c1ud"id rlè~iea) el :ji~ 25 d~ àcril ~ .a la~ '4nc~
hQro~ ..
Me v,u$.o de t1ar;a opor-t.unidadp-
ara. t"'€!ite~ar a Vu:eatr-a. Senar!,rs b~ &f:i&;ul'ida ...
ct eS de -::::1 lil.iÎ$ è i5 ting.td.d,~ cons i df: r <'3 ciôn •
. ;AVIHt f~~H DE !:H~l.b'R
~1::N~fI!"l~ '3,1,:,or~t M
R..,~tc.t"H'H i":n.,.~ivn~}
FN':!lciacô Joa~ 0Y<l:n.un Goaz~le2: .. . .~ . Eut.'. •u 'gado de i~ei~ocio3 a.i~ de Chi1~ .: . <: ... .. , ~--~& ; .,.'
C i u d a d. .
431
Annex 73
NOTE No. (J) 6-4/19 OF 28 MARCH 1968, FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES A.I. OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Lima, 28 March 1968
Number (1) 6-4/19
Honourable Sir,
I have the honour to confirm receipt ofYour Honour Note No. 81 of 8 March 1968
stating that the Govemment ofChile accepts the Peruvian proposaI to study the installation
of leading marks visible at great distance, at the point at which the common border
reaches the se a, near boundary marker number one.
The Peruvian Delegation will consist of the Minister in the Diplomatie Service of
the Republic, Mr Jorge Velando Ugarteche, Head of the Department of Frontiers of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and naval captain Jorge Parra deI Riego Endara, Deputy
Director of Hydrography and Beacons of the Ministry of the N avy, who, in keeping with
the discussions held in recent days with you, will me et in the hotel 'El Paso' in the city
of Arica on 25 April at Il a.m.
I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to Your Honour, the assurances of my
most distinguished consideration.
JAVIER PÉREZ DE CUELLAR
Secretary General of Foreign Affairs
To
Mr Francisco José Oyarzun Gonzalez
Chargé d'affaires aj. ofChile
City.-
433
Annex 74
NOTE No. (J) 6-4/43 OF 5 AUGUST 1968, FROM THE SECRETARY
GENERAL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES OF
CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
434
MG eompl8ce Uewr & eanoeiroientotie VUe3tra
Senor!a que el Gobierna dei Pd aprueba en su totalidad 10$
té~"lris da:! Daéumento t:l.iîi3ado ~ la . fl'çmtera perooil;"chilena
el 26~é à~ül do 1968 porlo3 Representantes de a.!n. boe· paises,.
referante li la ln3talnei6n d.emress dè wiladlin . que
mte.ris.Ucen· al paralelo de la' frontèra ~ntima.
En (!wmto Yueatra Sefioru ma- cQmunique la
conioriUidâd del Gobi~:;'~e.:çMi~,:$èrt mUY"~t1>:·~~a.~ta • .'. , •••••• ,., •• ', • ..... <. • •
C~i1eilla:da~fectuar laS, eO~ultâs. neeësariBa };ara acordar. la
recha' in:~o~ ,'ro~ :1>ènt\~:.~hi:;t~4~::~;qUê::1~q~ , " ' <' ,'_ L ,~,' '.' •
. ~à .• ·po$i~~~f~:~~~:·.,:.~~~'~'~~~~gf::,i~7~~~:. übl.ê8~n
derlititlti{::deias~·to#08".:~à· ~9 .. ~llà~i6n/,:'tis!',~.,·iQ3
p1azil~}:ia~,~lS,;:èÔilStruèt1~(f~,5tâ:.~ ii~ic1t(db:;fi~ cl.tàdii
• ..' ......... ~ .... , .......... '. • • ..r~ ._'" '''~_I..'. ". ,.' ' .. l '. H'
.fJëilà,l~S:~~#~;i;:~~
APt'àTe~hO ~là ooed.ari ]nramt~tlé"
s5n.or Bneargado de ~,ci~ j 18S5e~arl.~des de . mi' rOOs
thBtinguidacruoeiderndÔn..:
A Sn Seaorla.
Jos~ franeiaeoCyandn·
, .
Èoeargsda de Segocio1t. da ChUe
Ciudad
435
Annex 74
NOTE No. (J) 6-4/43 OF 5 AUGUST 1968, FROM THE SECRETARY GENERAL
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS TO THE CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Lima, 5 August 1968
Number (1)-6-4/43- 7 AGO 1968
Honourable Sir,
1 am pleased to inform Your Honour that the Government of Peru approves in their
entirety the terms of the document signed on the Peruvian-Chilean border on 26 April
1968 by the representatives of both countries in relation to the installation of leading
marks to materialise the parallel of the maritime frontier.
As soon as Your Honour inform me that the Government of Chile is in agreement, we
will be pleased to enter into the necessary discussions in order to determine the date on
which the Joint Commission may meet in order to verify the position ofBoundary Marker
No. 1 and indicate the definitive location of the towers or leading marks, as weIl as the
time limits for the construction and entry into service of the said daylight and night
signalling.
1 avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate to Your Honour, the assurances of my most
distinguished consideration.
F or the Minister
JAVIER PEREZ DE CUELLAR
Secretary General of Foreign Affairs
To
José Francisco Oyarzun
Chargé d'affaires of Chile
City
437
Annex 75
NOTE No. 242 OF 29 AUGUST 1968, FROM THE EMBASSY OF
CHILE TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
438
EMBAJADA DE Cf"IILE
La Embajada de ChUe salucl~~l muy
atentamente al Honorable Ministerio d{: RfAaGkH!€S Exteriores y tiEm~? el hOflor
de referirs(: a la F~euniôn de la COfnlsi6n Mixta Chileno - Peruana habida los
dias 25 y 26 de AbrH dd presentE} ano y que trata dei estudio de instalaGiones
de marcas dE! {:nfHmniento visibles desde el mal', que m;:;terialic:(m el paralelo
dl:'; ia fmnteté.l maritima que se orj~}ina (::11 el Hito Numero Uri{)"
Sobre el particular esta Errtbaj,xja se
GOmp!8ce en nDmbre dt~i Gobierno de Chile èn 8ceptar las proposiciones que
1.0$ representantes fécnicos deambos pa.lses Gonsignaron en el Acta que
su!Scribierorl con k:cha 28 de Abril cl(,! ano !)n (:ur$O y èncuentra qUE; seria de!
caso tomaI' !as prüvidencias destinadas ;:1 !a sefiaIL~f.lciôn que se a!uele
anteriOITYK:rrte, loda vez que con d!o se I09fâria un aviso pre\ientiVO a b~;
goletas pesqueras que norma.lmente nave~l;::n en la zona frontt~ri:;:;::l in<)ritima.
E"f{' "\'')r, i'~j-d.....: (.JI.\D:.~ \'.1to'.. J' P".' (.-..,.1. ~n.' It"':>.t" '::0I(! 't~~I.('J q~'. l.e... ..~.. e--' .P,": O\Ji t~. 'C..i'h;:;;
materi~lli2.af es el Gorrespondiente a la situ<ici6n geogr8fiCGi que par.a r:;! Hlto de
Concreto Nf) i sHlÏa1a el Acta suscrita en Lima 01 ~) de Agosto (ie 1930,
coneuerda (:! Gobi8n10 Chileno que debe Gonstltuirse a la breved8(! um~
Cornisiôn fv1ixta ad-hoc desiinada ct verifiGar la posiciôn dt) t~st::) pirérnicle y que,
ad(~nî~lS. dicha Comision fije la ubicaciôn de lOf) IU::Jams en que las marGas d(~
enfilamiento (!(3ben ${:: instaladas,
La Ernbajacla de Chile aprovocha la
nportunidad para n::~iterar al Honorable Ministeno de Reladones ExteriOfll$ las
seçjuridadE!$ de su I"m~s alla y disUnuuida consk1eraciôn.
AL HONORABLE M1NISTEf~IO
[1E· fREl . ~ .. .t{o,. C"'itO Jf.\.,<I.t-:;....). E~"."," I.,· T· .~.~ · RI(n')~· RE"·"·. ~. ,C)"E"l" :D E_ ·R..U•
PRESENTL~
439
Annex 75
NOTE No. 242 OF 29 AUGUST 1968, FROM THE EMBASSY OF CHILE TO THE
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
No. 242
The Embassy ofChile presents its compliments to the Honourable Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and has the honour to refer to the Meeting of the Joint Chilean-Peruvian
Commission held on 25 and 26 April 1968 in relation to the study of the installation of
the leading marks visible from the sea to materialise the parallel of the maritime frontier
originating at Boundary Marker N 0.1.
On this point, the Embassy ofChile is pleased to accept on behalf of the Govemment of
Chile the proposaIs which the technical representatives ofboth countries included to in
the Act which they signed on 28 April 1968 with a view to taking the measures for the
abovementioned signally in order to act as a waming to fishing vessels that normally
navigate in the maritime frontier zone.
Given that the parallel which it is intended to materialise is the one which corresponds
to the geographical situation indicated by Boundary Marker No. 1 as referred to in the
Act signed in Lima on 1 August 1930, the Chilean Govemment agrees that an ad-hoc
Joint Commission should be constituted as soon as possible for the purpose ofverifying
the position of this pyramid and that, in addition, the said Comission should deterrnine
the position of the sites where the leading marks are to be installed.
The Embassy of Chile avails itself of this opportunity to reiterate to the Honourable
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the assurances of its highest and most distinguished
consideration.
Lima, 29 August 1968
TO THE HONOURABLE MINISTRY
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU.
PRESENT.-
440
441
Annex 76
DIPLOMATIe MEMORANDUM ANNEXED TO NOTE 5-4-M/147 OF
23 MAY 1986, FROM THE EMBASSY OF PERU TO THE MINISTRY OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
442
. ~a, ~boJada dal r.r" ,oludq,. RlllY ,ot,I)~.-Qn\,.nt.
€Il Honol"abl-ct Ml~l..t.r!o d. R,r~~j.on~.1 ~x;,,..iQ'.' 't thn. ~
nor'l:l"CI hqçQrl~ 11.09r ,1 McsnQrçm:dum on. .1., q\oJ~ .1. Eoe~J~or
, .
Jvan M!Q\.,!o:lM~ulq ~;"1 >!'.I;:::'.. ~~ lQ.! ·~U,,, •.~ Q.~.4Qn'l: q,u. '0
:pormlt!6 fQrSl'iU lQ-':' ~n· h~ oud 1.nJ:tci 'qu.t.~ 1l\~y' :~ • .ntUm.n~ .. ': 1.
~QflCjl)di 6, Su §xç.l.Il~J.~ '01 M!oh~rQs;i. R.l.q9:*.9n.~ ·~~~.t'lor,$.
l.a: Emba J ada d-..L 1"'. r:O. ,'" VQ~ .•. d. J Q' QPQr~ 1.1111
dQg para r~!h:.r.Qr Ql tlonorobhf J,Unht.r.l~:f·.~ •. R~dQc:1on_. ,e~ ...
l'tiU·tor ..... la. ' •• I;)urlpgda •. de ~J.l ~. A.ltg .. :.~ Qh.~inguh1Q ça-o,
ldQ-rQc~6n.
10..,,,,1:>1.
:>Ort.o d* ~l:I:loçtr.m .. ht.~rtCI·~"
~ ...
443
En la mOj~Of\O del vi~rnaa 23 de mayo, SI,l exce!l;mç;1a 01
116r, doctct Jotme dal Valle, rCf.,;ibio 01 Embajcdor Juon .M.tgiJo!
'Illien 16 entreeô un m~nsaj-a per!icnal dal ~Unhtro de- fOE. EE, deI
dactar AU,ili1 Wognar.
Cane! ..
at.l~lJ!a
Paru
En dichome:nsQje, . st!· expresa qlJe &1 QbJ~t9 de 1" vhUa est6
~fl ralaci6n. con plcl1taomifuitos de la mas olevaclQ lmportaochs par~ los
r~locionesantre amoos puisas; dont:ro del propos,Ho de: 10$ QQ$ Gobier ..
nos ~d~ que 10: vinCiJlild6n pE!:~IJ"nQ~ch1hnc osU HbrD do toda Qqualla
que: puedo difil:;u:!tor 10$ altQ$ n1vdea ·de ~ntandillltento P4lrmQnontft y de
lorgo ol{:;QncE!:~< quo .sa p&r.slflua.n.
Df'sdtl un pUfltQ dll ',.,hto g~nef'Q1. el tl~.t rochami&nt9 de la.s nl.
a"cione$ dfl 1Jmhtaa Ii~tr@ los: do.$. pch~$; qua lQ v$ç:lndaQ .~lJlP~l:(lD 't qut)
tt!E1 la mata. dei Tr.:3todQ de 1929, deb.o complemj3otàr:i~ con 10 QPortlma y
d~ N',lcto $olv;:;i.6n de probhroas que cled yon d" nueVQS reaUdaQes. para
ClcentuQr ~l d tmo df:! reç1procQ con{ioo;IO. qUQ; liu$t~ntQ ·todQ PQHUCQ
construçti va.
Uno·do 1o$.coSO$ quo mt)r~E!: unQ :Lnmodiat~ Qtonci6n, $0 roft.oro
a la dol ÙnitQCL6~· formal '1 definl U va de 10$ o$PQclo$ lJIorinQ$, : que
domplementon le ",a~indQd. geQgrôf1cg entrQ #1 PerO:.f ChU~, '1 QuO l'lots
$~rvi.dQ de escanQdo a \JnQ l'lrgQ 't frvc~1fero Qçç.1~n cOlllôn.
Ên la QctuoUdod. h~ t})I:.i.~ttlnc!Q dt) una <=000 O$p~c.iol .. estable
-::Lda pO.1"" 10 ~CQn,{{H\(ji6n -liohro Zono Martt.ima rronte:rh;Qif~· rehrldo a la
Hnac deI pQralolo dei p~ntl:) :al quo'~llega lu troo.tlro· t-Qrn~tr\l'- dobe·
com;;;idorarso acmo una fàrmull;'"- quo, si b.i.en cl.lm~H~. y ;clIDlplo 0.1 'QbJutivo
i'l\pf'"f>SO d~ !$v!tar incidentas· con "a~rit(:l~·dc mQl"eon O$"q~o~:':~Qrioë1micntO$
cl" o6IJUco .... , rio r~SlJt ta 'adth:\Jodti pora ,,,Üi!.fgéor 1"" tt~!s~nc!ais do
la :ie·g~ddod rit PQrlil10 roaf or'i:lteoc:i6n dt) 10 admirii~trQçi6j) QD·· !os recur$
OS mori.no~( . C{ln #1 QgroYQntQ de· qUQuna ~n.tfi:tpro.tac;:.t6n &~i~o::)ivo •
podr!o gtmerQt vou notoria sHIJQclQO iMquit"Üt./o y dede~g:~. en desmedro
de 10$ 1aoHimos intelres(:Is del PerCl, qù~(lpOr~certqn grQ.v~mf'lilt~
les.i.of1odos.
444
~;J derin1(;1ôn deîWtlVOSl3spotiQS mottHlll"USl C0.1IO COl1SècuQ'flcia
de la oprobôdân. de la CO:.f:.i \, I~ncH.m. ...<.' obf'~ .e,l Oe:rachCi d. ·w"l lMJ" f'., q.u.e : " ,"CQf\.t: 6
CQn el voto clal Per6y de Chl1~1 y 1Q' lncorporQc.!.oo de: suu prlnClplOSO
10 lagislaCi6n i!Jt~fn:;:l de.~ .!~~,;-. P<I(. Stî5, aere:gcQ Uf\: n.I'1el,~ q.e ufgefl:clo, pues.
UillLui LsluUos JObOl"Ô'; JoJln,ir hH~ (;lur\JcledsUcua d~5U mor hrrHorlal " . 1
0'6 iOlQfîQ (:Qntlgr.Jù '1 da 10. zona ocon6mlcQ o:llicllJ!J:ho, os1 ~o."m Q db. la p 1~
toformo ccnhnentol,o SM (ll s.ulido y &1 sobs.u~lQ d~l màr, tarobJân nos":'
ta las 100 mlHaS';incluyendo 10 fiSfe:nmè:.io Q la dQlfmHad6f\ de: dic:hQS
es prid 0$ ~n !ô '({ici ndacl i nte fnOc:.Î. ona 1.
.definf6 la
Reunion da la Comis:!:(m PermPflonh cial Pact hCQ Sur eo 1954- $$,.s.il1 dù ...
da. ;.In es poile. dl far ante da, cUQ 1 qUlEt! 0 da los an te rlormante iI1onclonc dos.
,
respt1Cto de .las c~olas 10 1119:i.$lQciÔti, interna ~s pl"âettc:ttfpentQ 1.ru:!'xls ..,
tant« on 10 que Sie rj;Sf1er~ Cl la QeUmitat:l6n JotèroaçioOaL QlJaQ$~, 1~
e:.x.c~pcl6n PQddo se'f'/ ~(iilll casa del P61'Û~ la LDy df3 Potr61eo Hill 11780
da 12 de môrz.o de 1952l, qun ~$tQblac:i6 çomo Hmite: oxtaroo parc al oler . - ". . . .-
.c:ic1o dQ la$. c.oliip~tGndàs dol e~todô 01i el ~6calo ç!)l)timmtQ.l, ....: UIlQ It-'
fl,,",,1mcg1nortQ, t.rozQ.~a mol' ·afuerQ 13 \Sm~ distancia çcri~t,.mt.o Qft ZOO millQS~.
Esto lay ast6 ~Jl vlQ.e:m:::ïll 't deba: Q(lQtorsfJ que: flJo o:x:pod1d~c:1n!
CQIlli$S~5 I:ulhs d~ to p$Clùoc16n cla.Santlog13.
No es oec:asoriosuhrayor la corrvenienciQ de prtlvon~r les dIf..i.. .
.:;:ultcda~ q$JQ !!~ darhQr'1~o d~ la ùvs(jocl0 d& ~nQ de1lJarcac 1 on. ffiorttima
. .
~xr""es(.l 'l opropiad'Q; Q d~ UnD d~f:idfto~i:a&n la mismo qvo:poddo afec -
~or la amistosa. con.ducc.i6n cie la:S:i:'ï3!aclofles ·~otreChll~ y il, Peru ..
I..-a C'Oo::,;id:{lfaci6ii de 'esta probhmQ no raprO'sMlta I.ma f'lt}vé'dcd ,
tpues hcy expr~$Qi:j f'"e:rGroDclQ;i c 61 en Libro:> !!tome.., .131 clal C.lottQ~'rIiranh
lui! hmno FaurQ, el profesor Edv.ardo Ferrero 'f ~l tmbcjodo.r .Ju.Qf' Miaual
66kvlo. Là posfcitm p$rvonQ f!Je:,~si1lJJ:ùnQ, rl)~ulllida por tlt 5nbalodof'
~lfonso Ados Sc.hr~iber, ~n lQ.Conf~rtllnciQ sQbr~ el ·Oe-f'~chQ del' MQ!, ,1011
rovprece.r 10$ cri ter los inccrporodcs Q L pr-oyeçto Q.è Cool/en!:: i6n sQbr~ el
445
Dereche del Mar,en ralod 6n COI1 10 delimitoc:ibl) del !llGr.,ts/"ritor ioi, 1':3
~onQ acon6.lIiCiJ exclusivo y 10 plotQformo continant4l1 (16 da ogosto de.
19H01, Sln.e~borgc., &~toge.sti~nt con~~t.~uyt) lG primera" prasontaci6rr,
plJf los cano'les clipllX,;,.6tic~S< que ~1 Gobi6r~o d~l Porû fQrm\Jl<~ ante el
Gobierno de Ch'iia, fundodo' en las rozaoos 'f c.1rcvl1staflclQS qu~se hon
6xpn~sodQ ~n los primeras pârrofos: da as.ta memorandum.
/lut ûluiliu, Slelll!H5~ Jenlru: Jfil prapôdto Ja c.reor .1 m6s OII1JlllO
ilffibianta d~~ijntendimi(!f\to y defomonta Il 10 r;unfiat1l.o, d &RbaJàdor à6kv . ~ -
la :JI) permit!6 recorder eSu Exci)16ricl0 el Minhtro da Ralac.1ol\as ;xtf!riores,
10. f6il1!u·la~'de pcz quo recoga 1$1 CDimJrücodo Coojl.lnto jiu~cri to an
uio con motivo de 10 visita dal Cat\cHlei" d~ CQlombia, dQct~1'" AlJulJsto
Ram(ru Ocomp"Ol dèstinado 0: proponer a los pah6s qlJ~ !f'ltj;):~rQn al <Sistema
del PocHtco Sur la adopcion de 1.,10 texto qlJ~ tGnl>Clgf0 0:1 USQ padfico
de! ambito il1Gr1 tif1l:O 01 que se f@f üm:)! 10 D·ecclarQci6n da SantiaGo. dlll 1 a cl"
aoo"_to da 1952.
Al tormlMf la entrevista, el EmbajadQr aâkùlo rDltl[6 Q Su
Ex,d~ulcia ~t ·Ctlnciller don j;im~ dBl VQlltl, los ~tlntim1iJnto5 dQ: omistad
mur s:!.ncerQ qtl~ Insptroi'l el mtlnsoJ Il de~ ConcUler pfoU'VQn0 4 ~d COIRO $U
potsonol agfodecimierrt9 por la dofar.ttnciQ con 1" que ngbfQ$lcll;f ~s.cu,ho ...
dGl.
446
Annex 76
DIPLOMATIe MEMORANDUM ANNEXED TO THE NOTE 5-4-M/14 7 OF
23 MAY 1986, FROM THE EMBASSY OF PERU TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
5-4-M/147
The Embassy of Peru presents its compliments to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and
has the honour to send it the Memorandum in which Ambassador Juan Miguel Bakula
has summarized the statements he allowed himself to make at the audience cordially
granted to him by His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs.
The Embassy ofPeru avails itself ofthis opportunity to convey to the Honourable Ministry
of Foreign Affairs the renewed assurances of its highest and most distinguished
consideration.
To the Honourable
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
CITY.-
Santiago, 23 May 1986
On the moming of Friday 23 May, His Excellency the Foreign Minister, Dr. Jaime deI
Valle, received Ambassador Juan Miguel Bakula who handed him a personal message
from the Minister of Foreign Affairs ofPeru, Dr. Allan Wagner.
The said message states that the purpose of the visit is related to proposaIs of the utmost
importance for the relations between the two countries, having regard to the intention of
both Govemments that "the Peruvian-Chilean relationship should be untrammelled by
anything that might hinder the high degree of permanent and far reaching understanding"
sought by them.
447
From a general point of view, the strengthening of ties of friendship between the two
countries, which is demanded by their vicinity and which was the goal of the 1929
Treaty, must be complemented by the timely and direct solution of problems which are
the result of new circumstances, with a view to enhancing the climate of reciprocal
confidence which underlies every constructive policy.
One of the cases that merits immediate attention is the formaI and definitive delimitation
of the marine spaces, which complement the geographical vicinity of Peru and Chile
and have served as scenario of a long and fruitful joint action.
At the current time, the existence of a special zone - established by the 'Agreement
relating to a Maritime Frontier Zone' - referred to the line of the parallei of the point
reached by the land border, must be considered as a formula which, although it fulfilled
and fulfils the express objective of avoiding incidents with 'seafarers with scant
knowledge of navigation', is not adequate to satisfy the requirements of safety nor for
the better attention to the administration of marine resources, with the aggravating
circumstance that an extensive interpretation could generate a notorious situation of
inequity and risk, to the detriment of the legitimate interests of Peru, that would come
forth as seriously damaged.
The definition of new maritime spaces, as a consequence of the approval of the
Convention on the Law of the Sea, which counted with the vote of Peru and Chile, and
the incorporation of its principles into the domestic legislation of countries, adds a degree
ofurgency, as both States shall have to define the characteristics oftheir territorial se a,
the contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone, as weIl as the continental platform,
i. e., the soil and subsoil of the sea, also up to 200 miles, including the reference to the
delimitation of the said spaces at internationallevel.
The current '200-mile maritime zone' - as defined at the Meeting of the Permanent
Commission for the South Pacific in 1954 - is, without doubt, a space which is different
from any of the abovementioned ones in respect of which domestic legislation is
practically non-existent as regards international delimitation. The one exception might
be, in the case of Peru, the Petroleum Law (No. 11780 of 12 March 1952), which
established as an externallimit for the exercise of the competences of the State over the
448
continental shelf' an imaginary line drawn seaward at a constant distance of200 miles'.
This law is in force and it should be noted that it was issued five months prior to the
Declaration of Santiago.
There is no need to underline the convenience of preventing the difficulties which would
arise in the absence of an express and appropriate maritime demarcation, or as the result
of sorne deficiency therein which could affect the amicable conduct of relations between
Chile and Peru.
Consideration of this problem is nothing new as there are express references to it in
books such as that of Rear-Admiral Guillermo Faura; professor Eduardo Ferrero and
Ambassador Juan Miguel Bakula. The Peruvian position was also summarized by
Ambassador Alfonso Arias Schreiber, at the Conference on the Law of the Sea, when
favouring the criteria incorporated in the draft Convention on the Law of the Sea, in
relation to the delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and the
continental shelf (26 August 1980). However, this step constitutes the first presentation,
via diplomatic channels, which the Government of Peru formulates before the
Govemment of Chile based on the reasons and circumstances set out in the opening
paragraphs of this memorandum.
Finally, still with a view to creating the broadest degree ofunderstanding and promoting
confidence, Ambassador Bakula allowed himself to remind His Excellency the Minister
of Foreign Affairs, of the peace formula contained in the Joint Communiqué signed in
Lima during the visit of the Minister of Foreign Affairs ofColombia, Dr. Augusto Ramirez
Ocampo, which had the intention of proposing to the countries which make up the
South Pacific System, the adoption of a text which sanctions the peaceful use of the
maritime environment as referred to in the Declaration of Santiago of 18 August 1952.
At the end of the meeting, Ambassador Bakula reiterated to His Excellency the Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Jaime deI Valle, the sentiments ofmost sincere friendship which
inspired the message from the Minister of Foreign Affairs ofPeru, as weIl as his personal
thanks for the deferential manner in which he had been heard.
449
Annex 77
NOTE RE (GAB) No. 6-4/113 OF 20 OCTOBER 2000, FROM THE
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE EMBASSY OF
CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
450
El Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores safuda muy
atentameflte a la Honorable Embajada. de la Republica de Chile y
cumpl'e contmm3mitir!e que el Gobierno de! Peril ha tornado
conOCJmienta recientemente de la publicaciân efect:uada par el Ser'ilcio
HidrogTéiflco '1 Oceanogrâtico de la Armada ôe ehlle de una Cana de
Navegaci6n denominada "Rada y Puerto de Arica", en la que apareoe
una linea que pasa sobre el mar por el para!e!o geogrâfic.o dei Hito No,
"1 de la frontera terrestre peruano-chilena, con fa indicadôn"limite
marltimo".
Sobre el partii;:tllar, el MinÎster!o de Reladones
Exteriores mafliftesta su des<lcuerda con el trazado cartogrâfico de clicha
IInea y con la indlcaciôrl qua se hace en la dtada Cana de Navegacioo,
por no eX'!stir un tratado especifico para. la delfmftaciOo de la frontera
mar:itlma entre 10'$ dos paîses; y. en tlOFlseclJencia, debe relterar las
cOfîsideraci01les e>:puestas con la Nota NI) 54~MI147. de 23 de mayo de
1986,entregadt3 por la Embajada dei Pero en Sarrtîago al Honorable
Ministerio de Ralaciones Extenores de Chi/e.
El Mlnlsterjo de Re!aciones Extefi:ores hace propicia
la oportunidad para renovar a la Honorable,Embajada de la RepubUca. de
Chile las seguridades de su mâs a!ta y distlngu!da considerac.ëm.
}\ la Hor.orab\e
Embajada de 13 Republica Qi3 ChHe
Ciudad.-
Lin18, 20 de octubre dei zono.
451
Annex 77
NOTE RE (GAB) No. 6-4/113 OF 20 OCTOBER 2000, FROM THE MINISTRY
OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE EMBASSY OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Note RE (GAB) No. 6-4/113
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs presents its complements to the Honourable Embassy
of the Republic of Chile and informs it that the Government of Peru has recently been
made aware of the publication by the Hydrographie and Oceanographie Service of the
Chilean Navy of a Navigation Chart named "Rada y Puerto de Arica", in which there
appears a line which passes over the sea through the geographic parallel of Boundary
Marker No. 1 on the Peruvian-Chilean land border, referred to as the "maritime boundary".
On this point, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs expresses its disagreement with the
cartographie drawing of the said line and with the reference contained in the said
Navigation Chart as no specifie treaty exists for the delimitation of the maritime frontier
between the two countries; consequently, the points contained in Note No. 5-4-M/147
of23 May 1986, delivered by the Embassy ofPeru in Santiago to the Honourable Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, must be repeated.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs avails itsself of this opportunity to reiterate to the
Honourable Embassy of the Republic of Chile, the assurances of my highest and most
distinguished consideration.
To the Honourable
Embassy of the Republic of Chile
City.-
Lima, 20 October 2000
453
Annex 78
NOTE No. 7-1-SG/005 OF 9 JANUARY 2001, FROM THE
PERMANENT MISSION OF PERU TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF
THE UNITED NATIONs. STATEMENT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF PERU
CONCERNING PARALLEL 18°21 '00", REFERRED TO BY THE
GOVERNMENT OF CHILE AS THE MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN
CHILE AND PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
(Statement in: The United Nations, Losic No. 13-2001, pp. 19-20)
455
Annex 78
NOTE No. 7-1-SG/005 OF 9 JANUARY 2001, FROM THE PERMANENT
MISSION OF PERU TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS.
STATEMENT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF PERU CONCERNING P ARALLEL
18°21 '00", REFERRED TO BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CHILE AS THE
MARITIME BOUNDARY BETWEEN CHILE AND PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Note No. 7-1-SG/005
The Permanent Mission of Peru to the United Nations presents its compliments to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations and has the honour to present the following
Statement:
Statement by the Government of Peru concerning parallel 18°21 '00", referred to by the
Government of Chile as the maritime boundary between Chile and Peru
In the charts that the Government of Chile deposited on 21 September 2000, in accordance
with article 16 paragraph 2, article 75, paragraph 2 and article 84, paragraph 2, of the
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, as reported on page 55 of the Law of
the Sea Information Circular for October 2000, issued by the United Nations Division
for Oceans Affairs and the Law of the Sea, the Government of Chile refers to parallel
18°21 '00" as the maritime boundary between Chile and Peru.
" On this point the Government of Peru states as follows:
"1. To date Peru and Chile have not concluded a specific maritime delimitation treaty
pursuant to the relevant rules of internationallaw. The mention of parallel 18°21 '00" as
the maritime boundary between the two States is, therefore, without legal basis.
"2. In this connection, the Government ofPeru, in its note No. 5-4-M/147 of23 May
1986, informed the Government of Chile of its official position with regard to the need
456
to carry out a formaI and definitive delimitation of the maritime areas between the two
countries. This communication was recently reiterated by means of Note RE(GAB) No.
6-4/113, of20 October 2000, as it involves a pending matter.
"3. Accordingly, the Government of Pern does not recognize the parallel referred to
as the maritime boundary between Pern and Chile."
IN THAT SENSE, THE GOVERNMENT OF PERU REQUIRES THAT THIS
STATEMENT BE INCLUDED IN THE NEXT INFORMATION CIRCULAR OF THE
DIVISION FOR OCEAN AFFAIRSAND THE LAW OF THE SEAOF THE UNITED
NATIONS.
The Permanent Mission of Pern to the United Nations avails ofthis opportunity to reiterate
to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the assurances of its highest and most
distinguished consideration.
New York, 09 J anuary 2001.
To the Secretary General of
United Nations
New York .-
457
(The United Natios, Losic No. 13-2001, pp. 19-20)
l..;:nit<,ltia1 ~<.'g il'nd ~Iraits me:l ibt mt~ttlatkml1J
navig8Jiùn (ru1.,;;.j(,~ 22, p:;lm, 4; Md 4J" pllfll.. 6), 3$
wt:Jl ll~ tÎl,;: dC1;ign;liinlJ of S';:;:I ~tllleS thn}ugh
archip~!;;g.i~ VillIers· a"d the f,r~scripticm {If ttaH1>::
::ep,lratlon sch~mt.'S, and. uRir sun,tii'll(l(>n (3fl. S3,
paras. 7 and JO). il:. additüm, 3s2islanc<,:: tu- States
t:<)n~(:nüng thl;!ir ob1iga1i('ns Qf dt~e ))uc.hc:ty
r~!-gilrdi·ag S('8; !~}les a:bd rrafijc ~ep&ta$lnn 5Chr:ttic.s $S
~<1llrl1.l;;:t.ed in c:uopemÜl;;J whh the l;Mm~:tit}[l!ll
MOll'itime Org-ilni;taticm {IMO).
Accordingly, uj>ùn a Stal\:, hot,(;<1wing <1 SIRle l'art y \Q
th-=: Cn'wt:fll"Î\nt. t!.te Divi"llm infQrms tilt St~ie
cl!nc<:med (,f the dep·,slt and due puhhciiy
.)bligr.lie.ns flUNtlM!1 ff) th::: C:Hw<,::nl1on wilh wlueh
that S!ate mu~t eOffip:y.
A. lufQroe&!!9.ll.<'w ::K!jom tsken pv SIa!tS
f:;:rtO<l$ tù imj,:!lemî:nt Iho ÜW.Y$ltlti.tn'!
1. ~,l.Qw.î~~j~!~~.ll:y.~;~t't.';; f'aTti~~ ir.sQwnli*.r&s
!~iItJh.~ir de~K.#t ol>!i&\It'ylJ§
Frott\ }.iovcmber 2û!ln t(> Mau:h Z!J:iJl, Ihere wen:: HG
de(}o~its nf ..:lmtü Ot liot> <..-1' 8e~,gra~,hiçal çQPH.iinilt{'$
rdatjng. 't<J b~i5ehne& IX llHt.r~tü~1_e lfn~!!·s hy Sl3..f~
Pani{<s. I{,' lne COlw;;>nti{,t;. It;ti)ml~jiO!i mgafdl.n!i;
prcV(')llS d('J)Û~iTS is C<111lair,C{1 (;$ AllM:Y, ) ~Cl t~c
prcs,;:n! Cin.:>!!;:lf (Rt.'QJ.pîrnh<tiw 'nfQm;atl')l1 <'11
~'Ubfnis;;k<ps b)' StM:::~ l'mlcs in complian>::{1 \Vith
fhe.ir tkposii {".bligafinns};
The plewnl Cil'.;u!~r >::m:;faitlS an iEnsrratl\'o map
l>..'1Sed "Il thc cnllSt~ (.kp<s~.i(()d b'? Chite (M3,itim>;:
ZQn3 NnÜûçaù,m Nt>. 31 is n;:p:r!nted lOf n:ferel1oe
P:'~!Jl('s<:$). For :prtViOllS Maritome Zone NQIHiclilimYl
llnâ c(Jrre~pmul;ng Hll.lilltl>.tÎve maps, p).::a$e lef.::r !Q
L.aw of Ih>: $(:a tllÜ?!1Jlàtt'J!l çj~<,u:"rs N()~, 9 . i 2.
2. ~ub{nis~iQn$ by Star:,s !'a>1iC5 in c-ctt\lJ;liMoe
"."ith thctrdll!<.p.lJj:;liçjn:.;}illisation,~
l'mm :·';twemb.::r 1000 t<) .Mard. 2001. no St:tte .PI:\Ii)'
submi.tt<:ù çh(lrt~ m copie, of !aw5 aoJ ,-egll!:l.tion:; f(>
which St:lfe:sPmtics shollid give âue PllhHeiiy, il:>
req!li~ed br arlide:;: 2), 22, 41, 42 and :50, of lh"
COlw·~ntiQll, 111runn~ti(oJl l'cg • .:rdlng ~lr(''':{!Us
slJomlssio!'ls is çOntained ln Ann..,:.;. !II;) !h{~ prescm
Üt<;lll11f (Rt~capir!l!lI.I5~'e infuflnatiun on s\Slllr.i~~inn$
19
b~ Smt<:« !'artio~ in compiillf!e<: W11h lheir diJe
p~bl,dty <'lblig~tlum;).
E. !nf.Qmjat;OlI (;!'l a.:[:vltic~ ll[@ert~k~ bvlbs
J21yis)Q!\ for (ke3n Ml'airs allV. ttteJ,~Y3!Ltl).t?
S~il
! , Ç()oelnllnica~i(>n5 ,,~1dfe~5AA tg Sfates l>artie'i;for
!hÇ.l!!Jll'lQ~~.;}J.I!-~.ü~Hn.~.\!lÇ!D.lq.Ç{:WJlJy.)yjJjJ.ttl.Ç!t
:lkBQÜ!.i!mj.4~~.J?J!l!.li,;:ty ob1ig?lism \I"ud,er th",
Conveml0j)
During th~. p.::tk4 lwtwt'cn Novemb<!T 20Ql) Fmd
M,m;h 20{}), Ihen; '>'>'cr.;:, llQ r"ti!îcati<'ns ·;,r aoe<:ssi<rns
to lh~ ConVCrltl.on hy C>':>a~l>tl Srates. COn'l<~qîl~'1ltl)' .. nn
'.Ol'<lmtml<!ll!if>IH nc:c.:ü[i.1l8 the dep.o~"it and dll'::
plJbliciiy Qbiigati()n~ and uft~rin!!. assi;;lanc<! tg 5!~le,
P;~t~e:::, "..,.i~h 3 vi~v..1 HJ t!nflUr~ng coü1phanc:e we'r~
1'1;:'luiredc
"Maritime Zu-ue Notifiça\i<.<I'Is" lire o;:irqlla:!l::d tG
Stal<::S .Panics in Qt,h::r ro givc duc plJbEdty to ;::n3r1S
os list~ of gw!!s>lpn.i<!lii eQùntir.l!te~ d~'jlnsit~d 'I..-ith
the Sl!cretary-Gent!fai of th~ !}Bit.;:,d NMÎ.OEIS. ln liN
ab.,cnoe t>f ne'>'>' ùept>sih, no m:sritlme zone
llotlfj'àti.Qr:$ wete drClllat.::d betwe.::n !'-',wcmbcr
2000 Md M3ff:h 2tiOL
III thi:; <!o!lîlectiou, il sIJouk! lx:: IK!l:.x! th;;1 li sIs (Tf
pre" i<l\JS~y d'::P'>~ili!d ge;)gntphi~.al e,.ordù:\atès a~
w.::!! as depnsited ChllllS may b;:. t:on~ult<:.d al th<:
Pi~iû;;'ll for 0'-'<::<11 ,I\!IÛ,$ and I:h::: L:,w(,r the'. S.~a,
Office or Ce.g.ru MY.a:rs., United Narinm Scc·retari:l:t
{S~~ il!~} Anl1<:xes land ll.)
UI. l:-;fORMAll0N ON OTHER ACTIONS
TAKEN By~:rO"TES
A. (:ommunl{':'c'lli<lhS: t<:.t,:(!.:ved.bv th~. St;'Cn.~!m:ï::
i1<:nl'fil\
ln c<'nn~ction witl, Ihe d~JXl,:1 hy Cl,i le of chart~ {sç~
:MZN.37.20Û!l}, the Seaerary·(jent::~ru n::ct::ivcd, on
9 hmüilty 2001, a <:l..lmmunicatiüu from the
(Jovemn;.:mt of l'l::nJ dîl!:::d 9 ],,:m1al)' 2001,
C':>n!alning !h<l tOltOWirig st2mmclJt:
OOALOSIOLA ' United Nations
"St~fefl1el1t br Il'l~. G,weml»:':r>[ "f J>~ru e-n!;"'emi:D~
!>~ra!le\ ! 8'2l'I}i}", ,e{:;:m,d m b;1 the Go""mr:ol':!)! ,,1'
ehlle ~~ the mll:r;li~c \){)l,md!ll)'
"b~t',"e>:1l ChU;: 3nd. 1'{!1'!
III th., <:!,~11", that Ul<:. (joV<CnlJ!lJ::nl of noilç
d<::j:lo&iied on 2i S",pte:mb~t 2G()(), in "cç(.rdam<: ""i.ch
art,de Hi paragraph 2,. llS"ticl;: 15, pat3gfalltl 2 alld
~nide 84. paragffiph 2, {If the J.:nitNi Nation,
Co",>et1ticm (HI· the taw l,lf ~h>:'SO:1Q, a, l"'p,xted ,]r,
p«&e 55"f the !.gw cl' 131<; §I;:ll Illfllffilatip!l qrç!,[!;!!E
for ÛCI,>ocr 2(}O!l, tml.ed by tll\: lhlit*<l. 1':aÜ0113
Di"'Î~iCdl fm O>:e.<tOl Affairs :~nd the 1.IIW !~f th<: S:ea,
the G''''{-mml:of uf Ciül.:: rders fil pru-aHd l &'2l '(J't.)"
\iS t!1~. m~ritim~ lxiul1.:!ar~' bel"O:1>:'lI Chik, :<'lX! PO:1rQ.
00 Il'lü; lwlr:t lhe Gi)ve.ffil»:':r>[ nf Fen: sfatc" a~
f1,11l,)",S'
") TG &l~ Pe$ll ;md Clüj", !l~ve bot conc!u,~"d 'a
$:pec(nl: nt~iÜ{me &H:müa.ri<tb trtary put~u~t:t to the
458
·:w
releV"ilttI rul" .. nr int?marÎonru !~"i. The mel>l;ol! of
l'&(i)!kl 1 8"21'00" ~" Ih~ mildtime 1>C!'.llIduy belYJeo!'fl
the tWQ Still;::S is, fil",,,,,j'i>!,,,, wiÙl0\!J leg:al p\iSis,
"l, ln t!1t~ COtrncçls,:m, Hl~ Gvyçr.;m::nt Qf P~nl, in ils
llûie N;:.. 5....:·},m 4ï :)f 23 May j 986. ;nfl>ffi\ed lb!':
(fi>vemmem or CM;: of j15 «ffit·i3! posilio!l witb
te.g'~rd b) tb>': m""d 1(: ~any <",r a fll<mât âl1rl defmiti,,>;:
:!clirnil:,iit.lCl of tho; rr>.arit~}le ~ll:<ll~ b<;:i""C<:11 Ihe i""o
!x}!lutrie!, Thi:;. çommulliCillall1 W<l$ (,::ccllHy
t::;;l~filted by !1:Icam of }.iOlz lU: (G}\13) }.io. ri-4ill:1,
:)f 2il Ckmbet 2tl0!1, a~ il jlw,)i'l"'~ ~ f'Mdirtg matter.
";1. A;:,cQràil!gly. In::; (iovcmmlllll of P,;:m dûes U{)t
fccügni;:-e rhe p:lt311~) rt~ferrcd te. M lhe mafiti!l~e
bütl:nâary}Xlf>vcen l'cm and C"ik'"
DOALOSIOLA . United Nations
459
Annex 79
DIPLOMATIe NOTE (GAB) No. 6/43 OF 19 JULY 2004, FROM THE
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Deposited with the Registry of the International Court of Justice)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
460
Ni)ia {GAS) NO. '11!3
T engo :a hoora diligirme a Vtu~stra Exoalencia oen el
objeto Qe ref&lrme a • !a<:onlrovarslajurld!cas.obre délimitaci6f1'
madtîma exhstenteeflt~ael Pero y Chile.
Antes de pas6t';8 eSl<l materha,pe!rmitame W~Va
Excelli:ncia, r-ecordar la IJnfdia,j.de clitetlo:sycoU!OOl'a<;:iOneh1rael pocù
y Chlle en eldes:ar:ro!!o@! nueVQ Darecho. detMarEnla.etapa
tormèfiva dei drmôminado con:acierto nuevo DeradiodeiMar, elf'éru
y Ghile desempeJ'l.aron. papetesmuy importantes en el desar(oUo
progresivo y codifiCil'c!6fide es.te order'!' jûrld.ieo, Ambospal~
iSfe(;tl.J~lJon aCdOf:léS que 1uviemli' grantra$OOtldencia en el
f6conc<:lmiel'ltQintemaciOlial de:1a spooran-la y lur/splcciân dèlEstado
riberéfto ért 131 maradyaèel1te hasts las 200 milJas: m;grinas,exten~Î~n
muy superkir<l las tradicicnalmènteexlstente.s. En. oo:taJas.e ll1lclal dèl
BUé'\{O Oere<:no' delMai, fiuestros palses: wncanfraronSt./s e$fuer.ros
er. ai ll1terès principal de exten<ler y: déf:e:/lder la s.~b~frania If
Jurisdicciol1 en el m:ar adyacente· hiMta . med~dasM ttatlldonales pero
}ustas '1 eqw~t!và$.DîcllQ6a$fuafZo$ ~stuviemn ortentBéosû ta
prot-ecciM de estas niJava$ :zonas .1$ ~jjS rer;;urs(1$.
En taevolu(lf6ndel Oertl6ho,n~chQ$ EslàdQs se
opusismfl a~sta iflOOVâ:oora yalldaz:extM$f6nde lasobarnnla 'f
jtlflsôlcdôh dei Estado flbereno, No obstante; .nuestros paises, de
manero cOQ(dif'lad~, .deè,rofda . y .ëfét~'iI'a; no s1'5lo fes~tjeron esta
oposid6n -qÜ~ Sé: ftlf))ja'M, en pàfte, el1 el Oërecha Intema.clonal
fonm:tdo en siQlos ~$ado$- sioo q\J:e:.adarna5,C{ln,<,èrlc~ron B la
comunldaô . intemàclo/,'H~I de '113 Jllstlcia y equidad de su ê8usa .. Oasda
l'3 déc.ada de 1950hastalaS::dfUc:ijesne9:ocia~Î{)n&s en la T0I'C~ra
Gonferencia de las Nâciones 'Uflidas sabree! Oerecho del.Mà( esta
labor sOlidana, 'oo,::mjinàda'y eMié.nte - a 1~;:qiJe ose sumaroo otros
pat ses de laregion-· Olt)· resultaOOs mUYPQs~tiVosen:a oonsolfdaciôn
de los nuevQS prlf'lCip!osehlSmtlCione$delO-e~hodal Mar.
A la c: ~(;'E:llefÎtlsima sei'iorcicloclora
Maria Soledad Alvear
~. ..1 1nistrodeR.e!àciones E'lIterrores d~.la Rapubl~ de ChUe
§§!1!j~110 d~ Chl!~.~
461
Sîl1 embargo. YB. pesar . d~ e~taampljà y estrecna
colabofacf6f'lel1el.(j%a®~lOq~lDereçho dei Mar, el PeRi,! CMè
Henen aùn . pern,liente la ~ellmltaciOn malitlma . de sus respectivBs
zonas a~yacentes. debidQ la que no hancelebfBdo un tratàdo
~specifico sobre estaîmportanta mater!e.
COll . relaclOn a la· detimftacion mMtlma antre tlues!ros
pa{ses, ai Perù dkigi6 a la Secfetatfs Geoèl:alde l~s N.a~ones Unldlils
un~ nota Que cOl1tiel'<eurla O&cl.aracmn difundida~t: diCho organisme
Inlemaèional pormedio{je hl Clrcular No. t3 de Oerec~del Mar, de
l'natlo dei 2001, pu6nt'~dapQr su OiVtslôn de Asuntos Ocsànicas y
DetechO de! Mar;al1 ha misma $eel<presa. entre airos. qtJ:9 "h:8.sta la
r&çna >.sIPerfJ y G.f1fJe flO hanoef9bl<a(1o, de cr.mtormkiad coa Jas reg.l$:S
pertmente,'i ·def D&recho IntemacJon&f, un tretaqo espe:cJfico de
deiftnittx;fèfl maritime", Que "eJgob1"9model Petû,en (Joial1ùmE!It.~54.
M/147, de 23 de mayode 1986,comûnic6 elgobiemo de Clu1esu
M$ici6n o!Ïcial sobro la (t<:!c~sidad de proc .. ader a ladelJmitacJ6n·formaf
y defJniliva de {as e:sp,8c/QS meiltimos entre fOIS dos piilses,
cflmuoicRclônq./J6 ha sida {~ci~llttl'Jrusnte reitenfida: m:3:(;fjànte nota Rtf
(GAB) nômerô 8·14l113, de 20 de octubw de .2000, pOl' tratarsede ut!
tI!wnfo peOl:Jitm(lJ" 'y que "&.t1 conseeùe.{;cifJ" el gabierno deI Perüm:;
raconooe la ihdicecf.On (je la Unes dèfpt.ftefefo rotno limite mtummo
enfreel Perily CMe. ~
Aslml$fi'10, se nâtl CtJfSadQ ëtras Mt<,lS e!:)tre el Paru y
Chi!eque revefan poslcio-oos jurldl~lS totalmenle dfs<:rapaotes y
üiJU13Sb3S sobre îadeUmUaciôn maritima;todo Ena, .decoriforinldadoofl
el Derecho !otema(:ional,OOrifjgura unaoo.ntrovers!àjurklica.
El Pecru es!~m~ qua la ~stabtlldad. de iasretaciones
bilal.Gnlles, dB: ~mistad yccopefaclôncQn Chile,asl oemo !a
prcmocî6n de ·il'<tereses campartido!S en iOOoslosambltos de la
:relaci6n bilateral encontraràn un mayor d!nammmo en la medidaen
que se puedat"lbtener un 3{;!.l6:(ÙO $obre.estacol1troversÎa jurldica
c~ya soluci6n està a(m pentl!:ente.
E$tasçol1sidefa(;ion~s,ôe!amayùr imponanda Sil là
relac16n bilateral, me flevan a pwponerformàlrneMte a Vut'!l:iùa
Exceloocis el ioicio. a la brevedad p06tbte,de negociacionas
bijateml~$ pam resolveresta controVè(s!a. Prbpongo,. astmisrno; que
e$!3snQgociaèion~$comle:ocendeflt(.f.~ de los prox:imos seSeflta· 11131:'.
Las misma$ podri,afl !lev3(.$G a cabo lEm la éiudàd de Lima, en la cludao
dG·$:an~jagodQ Chilâa en ta èiuda<l que 59 61:;:CiJja de comù:n acuerdo.
La fjnalidad' de estas n~iatione$ deham ser elestablecimiento d.~i
limile rnaritimo en!reI2IP~(lJ y Chi1e deconfomildad COll las: normas
ciel Oere<:ho IniemacÎO:naJ, m6Ô!arrte l.tn tr13ta<!QBspecffico sobre e!$ta
n1a!et~3
462
La:po$icmn . ~ruMa. SObre' denmftac~, m~dljma:entJ'.e
Estadp$ oon(;l;)~ta.$Q(iyaoent$$fu~pre.tentaqa~1lc!~m$~{lOr::eT
Presidente de!aÔ$~d6",delP~rü en la Tercera. èQnf(ifénç}adeJas.
Nacior.e$ Unidassobre.'efOerechodei Mar:, en su irit$iVènti6ndel 27
:de agosto de 1980. Efl,elpâN'afO'Mptlmo de èstta s:éatlrma: '
~n rt*i:peGt9 a (<IS &ile~ios dfS d~8mit$cl~fJde! rnar
!errilCtlal, la;eona e<;oo6nlloe: ~Xèiu$.l~yia pIOOlfooT!awotjm~ntrai
eritrli< e$t~ ooya& Q!)$I~, (j:QfIl$dy~~; el Pei'U {;(lf'lS'frltJf3
qlm,a faltad&.l.& ,conv~Io·~Sp~cmco~ l':ieliffl~n aw.c$iad:c
(j~ rnan~ro exproea para !ljer deflnil!vBm:imm R>sllm~ tI~tilII&S
~QOas, ,t oonde 110 pr6\i'aitll~1 ~-wn$tanc~~ 8!lpec~QS ,ni
<!:x,ist-SRî d~h.QS Ilist6fkt"ls reè.:J.n(lckk>s' pur IQSP~tl$, deoo
~,plieat!l~ t»110 t6gla QlIi\~ i:aHn~g m0di;a ~ "de. ~qui<i!stsl'lcla,
j3-t1l' ttat&rs~ dè-: métOOomés idd-n~~plt.;1UegQt a lJn:a$Ol~ëiôh
equit;,!:ilf.ôl. Y quiS è$tfa"Ci"ilerlO &stà bien (~eJado Imio.s adU~~
wtlçtl~·d.,j t&x1ojnt~radQ;'" .
Me và!go de est~, t)p<>!'tlJn~ad pararMsrar a Vusstra
Excefenc!alas. s-eguridadesde. mi maS' elta y di$ü~ki.aOOnslderacl6rt
~.y(I
Manuel Roorlguez C~adm5
Minlstro de Relack>l1asExtèriores dél Patû
463
Annex 79
DIPLOMATIe NOTE (GAB) No. 6/43 OF 19 JULY 2004, FROM THE
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Deposited with the Registry of the International Court of Justice)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
Note (GAB) No. 6/43 Lima, 19 July 2004
Your Excellency:
I have the honour of addressing Your Excellency with the purpose of making
reference to the juridical dispute on maritime delimitation existing between Pern and
Chile.
Before dealing with this matter, I would like to recall, Your Excellency, the
unification of criteria and collaboration between Pern and Chile in the development of
the new Law of the Sea. In the formative stage of the accurately called new Law of the
Sea, Pern and Chile played very important roles in the progressive development and
codification of this legal order. Both countries carried out actions that had enormous
significance in the international recognition of the sovereignty andjurisdiction of the
coastal State in the sea adjacent to the 200 nautical miles, an extension largely surpassing
the traditionally existing one. In this initial stage, of the new Law of the Sea, our countries
concentrated their efforts with the main purpose of extending and defending the
sovereignty and the jurisdiction in the adjacent sea up to non-traditional but fair and
equitable measures. Those efforts were oriented to the protection of these new zones
and their resources.
In the evolution of Law, many States were opposed to this innovative and bold
extension of the sovereignty andjurisdiction of the coastal State. However, our countries,
in a coordinated, decisive and effective way, not only were reluctant to accept this
464
objection- which was based, in part, on International Law build up in past centuriesbut
also convinced the international community of the justice and equity of its cause.
From the 1950's until the difficult negotiations at the United Nations Third Conference
on the Law of the Sea, this supportive, coordinated and efficient work - to which other
countries of the region adhered, produced very positive results in the consolidation of
the new princip les and institutions of the Law of the Sea.
However, and in spite ofthis broad and close collaboration in the development of
the Law of the Sea, Peru and Chile still have pending the maritime delimitation oftheir
respective adjacent zones, since no specific treaty on this very important issue has been
concluded between both countries.
With respect to the maritime delimitation between our countries, Peru addressed a
Note to the United Nations Secretariat General, containing a Declaration disseminated
by such international organization through Circular Letter 13 of the Law of the Sea in
March 200 1, published by its Bureau of Oceanic Affairs and Law of the Sea; in this
document, it is indicated, among others, that "until now Peru and Chile have not signed,
in accordance with the pertinent rules of the International Law, a specific treaty on
maritime delimitation"; that "the Government of Peru, in Note 5-4-M/147 dated 23
May, 1986, informed the Government of Chile about its official position regarding the
need to initiate the formaI and final delimitation of the maritime spaces between the two
countries, communication that has recently been reiterated by Note RE (GAB) 6-14/113
dated 20 October, 2000, due to the fact that the issue is still pending" and that
"consequently, the Government of Peru does not recognize the indication of the parallel
line as a maritime limit between Peru and Chile".
Likewise, other Notes have been exchanged between Peru and Chile that reveal
totally dissenting and opposed juridical positions about the maritime delimitation which
in accordance with the International Law, evidence a juridical dispute.
Peru considers that the stability offriendly and cooperative bilateral relations with
Chile, as weIl as the promotion of shared interests in aIl aspects of the bilateral relationship
will find a larger dynamism to the extent that an agreement on the juridical dispute
could be reached, whose solution is still pending.
465
These considerations, of utmost importance in our bilateral relation, lead me to
formally submit a proposaI, to Your Excellency, for the commencement, as soon as
possible, of bilateral negotiations to solve this dispute. 1 also suggest that these
negotiations start within the next 60 days. They could be carried out in the city of Lima,
in the city of Santiago de Chile or in the city chosen by mutual agreement. The purpose
of these negotiations should be the establishment of the maritime limit between Peru
and Chile, according to the provisions of International Law, through a specific treaty on
this issue.
The Peruvian position on the maritime delimitation between States with adjacent
coasts was officially presented by the President of the Peruvian Delegation to the United
Nations Third Conference on the Law of the Sea, in his communication, dated August
27, 1980, which in its seventh paragraph reads as follows:
"With respect to the criteria on delimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive
economic zone and the continental shelfbetween States whose coasts are adjacent, Peru
considers that, in the absence of a specific delimitation convention expressly agreed
upon on that specific matter to definitely establish the limits of such zones, and where
there are no special circumstances nor historical rights recognized by the parties, the
median line or the equidistance line should apply as a general rule, because this is the
most appropriate manner of arriving at an equitable solution, being this criterion weIl
reflected in the present articles of the integrated text."
1 avail myself ofthis opportunity to reiterate to Your Excellency the assurances of
my highest and most distinguished consideration.
(signed)
MANUEL RODRîGUEZ CUADROS
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru
To Her Excellency
Maria Soledad Alvear
Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Chile
Santiago de Chile.-
467
Annex 80
DIPLOMATIe NOTE No. 16723 OF 10 SEPTEMBER 2004, FROM THE
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE TO THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Deposited with the Registry of the International Court of Justice)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
468
REPueUCA De CHILE
MIN~STeA!O CE RHACIONES EKrE!"I!O~t:S;
Tcngo cl WmQf de diri:gU:me :1 Vuestta e,,-cd.('1lda cn t.daci6o a hl. Nota GAB N<>
6/43 de 19 ck ,iuUo dd {)tf!:$e.l1.te aSK), entreg;:Lda al senor- Emb:-.a.illdnr: de ChUt: en cl
l'cru..
Al .fei:1pecto es g:r~uo coincidk con Vu(.~tt<l Exçc:le.l.ll:.i:s en cmw.to a recoroa::- el
'l::omtm esftlcrzoC'l'! el logt~ dellSl~ ejitl,:dul cooperaciQl1etl aliUlttosmadtimofj: y
parti(:u!.:lJ:mentc: (,'11. d' e~tah1et:.i:lÙeru:o de la zona ttl;fU".ltin13 de 200 nilllat', ad f:omo
lo~ açucl'dm: fltudsmt't.ttaks <)\lC dieron lugaral Si:;~m$. dei l)~'ldfiço Sm . .
Eo este m!ifllfJ espkitu y con .igual lx}u.kdôn en C'Uanto a la impottanda de la
(oapct;;t,Ç.i6n dc~~uxonad~. . es nportlJm, expttsru: a Voestra fuoele:tlcl;i q,uc flO xelrulta
prf>t"~~dt,:mc fcftrit;;(: a ùtgochidcmc:s :;ùbl:e çon"'~!1kJ$ vlgt":tltef;, ~itlt' htm estableddo
ellin:ù-te mà.dtimo entre Chik 'f Pcr6el1. el paralel.:) lS~21'03",
A.llimismo, debo es:ptc!sru: Il VueHtll Excclenda q!JK tampo(:'o .oesul~;J. acepuble la
p:t.QPoski6fl: d(! pla;,:ü!:i en rdaç.iô:u '-'Ni mat:cms ya' ;t(ord1d:t.s pt):!" Sl.ue~t:roI:s dos
p~rf$e:;,
M<::! '\-'<llgo d!.': esta opotlunidad patllreit.crara Vuestra Exoelenchi Llsscgut.idad~dt~
ml.tUâ5J alta ~. i.tisriflh"Ulda çonsidtt~d6n,
-------:::::::::;~~
, .. //-MAlUA. SOLEDAD ALVEAR VALENZlTELA
M.in:fstta de Relad()m'$'Ex:t:~ri()re5
AL EXCEU:Nl'1SIMO SEI'iOR
MANUm. RooafGUEZ CUAPROS
MINlSTRO DE RELAClONES EXTBlUORES DE
LA R.EPÙBUCA DEL PERir
469
Annex 80
DIPLOMATIe NOTE No. 16723 OF 10 SEPTEMBER 2004, FROM THE
MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE TO THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF PERU
(Deposited with the Registry of the International Court of Justice)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
No. 16723 Santiago, 10 September 2004
Your Excellency,
I have the honour of addressing Your Excellency with regard to Note GAB N°6/43
dated 19 July 2004, delivered to the Ambassador of Chile in Pern.
In this respect, I am pleased to agree with Your Excellency insofar as recalling the joint
effort to achieve a close cooperation in maritime affairs and particularly in the establishment
of the 200-mile maritime zone, as weIl as the fundamental agreements that
gave rise to the South Pacific System.
In this same spirit and with an equal conviction of the importance of the cooperation
developed between our countries, I find it necessary to express Your Excellency that it
is not appropriate to refer to negotiations of treaties in force, that have established the
maritime boundary between Chile and Pern at paraIleI18°21'03".
Furthermore, Your Excellency, I must express that neither is the proposaI of deadlines,
in relation to matters already convened by both our countries, acceptable.
I avail myself of this opportunity to reiterate my highest and distinguished consideration.
Maria Soledad ALVEAR VALENZUELA
Minister of Foreign Affairs
To His Excellency
Manuel Rodriguez Cuadros
Minister of Foreign Affairs of
the Republic of Pern
470
471
Annex 81
NOTE No. 5-4-M/281 OF 4 NOVEMBER 2004, FROM THE EMBASSY
OF PERU TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
472
La E.mbajada de1 ?eX"..l sntuda
muv atentrurtéme al Honorable Mini3tedo de Reladones
Exteriores ytiene Cl honra referirse al Decreto Sup:remo
N~ 123: "PoHtic~ de uso de puertos nacionrues par
naves peBqueras de bandera extranjera que pescan en
el ruta m..ar adyace:ute", de fecha 3 de maya de 200~.t y
aprob,;ado el pasado 23 de agosto,
'Sobre el particula" C5ta
Embajadae.xp:resa que el Gôbiemo deI Peru, en
concordanda con su persistente posiciôn sobre el
asunto Ç)endiente que CDnstituye ccmtroversia sobre 1a
delimitacion rouritima con Cfiilet hace reserva forma!
del mendunadQ Decret$) Supremo el-~ todo laquello que
puedaafectar 103 derechos e .intercses pcruanas. en los
e~adc%> maritiJnQ~ a que E)e rencre esa nonna legal.
AsiruiSnlo. esta Embajada
m.anificstaque d GobiernQ deI Pern ntantiene su
Al Honorable
re~er1/a sobre cuaiquier actQ J"i.iîi~k~~ ~d~~~::·:
convenios (;1 acuerdoa, y actos politicos de ta Repùolica
de ChUe, que afecten la sQberan1a, j-uri-s;tiictiùt) e
intereses del Peni en su eSl'acio maritimo .
. La Embajada dei Pt;~ïÙ hace
proplClt\. la <lportunidadpara rciteraf al Honorable
Minisu:riQ de Relacio.Xles Exteriores las segu.r1dades de
$\l ma..'S. alta -y di$tiX\~dl\ considena.ci.6:n; -
i'l.f ,1 :\l; ··;ter te j <;;: He i ~ c i t:!;:::;.-!;~ ~'i:eri;,'A~\·".
473
Annex 81
NOTE No. 5-4-M/281 OF 4 NOVEMBER 2004, FROM THE EMBASSY OF PERU
TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
NO.5-4-M/281
The Embassy of Peru presents its compliments to the Honourable Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and is honoured to refer to Supreme Decree 123: "Policy for the Use of National
Ports by Foreign Flagged Fishing Vessels Operating in Adjacent High Seas", dated 3
May 2004, and approved this last 23 August.
Regarding this matter, this Embassy expresses that the Government of Peru, in
concordance with its persistent position over the pending issue that constitutes a dispute
over the maritime delimitation with Chile, has made a formaI reservation with respect
to the aforementioned Supreme Decree in aIl of which it might affect Peruvian rights
and interests in the maritime spaces referred to in this legal provision.
Moreover, this Embassy declares that the Government ofPeru maintains its reservations
with regard to any legal act, including conventions or agreements and political acts by
the Republic of Chile that affect Peruvian sovereignty, jurisdiction and interests in its
maritime space.
The Embassy ofPeru avails itself ofthis opportunity to renew to the Honourable Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, the assurances of its highest and most distinguished consideration.
To the Honourable
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Santiago, 4 November 2004
475
Annex 82
MEMORANDUM OF 9 MARCH 2005, FROM THE MINISTRY OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
476
iv1>.?!norùnduff'
Ëi 22. de febrero de 2005. el Enc.;~rg.ado de Nel~oC::(j~; ô ide! Perù en la
FlE:pùblica (le ChiiEi, Se!10r David MMaga. recib:6 dei Dlrectcf General (e) de Politica
E:>:jl~rior dei t·!:irÜ~,terîo üeR,jlacicflss Ex!eriQres de Chile, EmbaladOf Cristlan Maquieira,
un aide-mémoire, fechado e! 22 de febrero de 2005, mlaCionàôQ Wn asuntos tmt::ldos
por las ôelegaciones dei Perù y Chile, en la reuniôf1 que se ilevô a cabo en Santiago d!~
Chile, el 3 de l'ebrero dEi 2005. El doclJrnento entregado al Encargado de Negocias ~"L
hace tarnbién una refen::ncia al alde-mémoire chilefîo, de fecha 17 de ~;eptiembre de
2004. El lema principal de esta reun16n. que se desmrollo en un clima de 9f<1n
cordialidad y amtstad, fUB la pi3rticipaciôn dei Perû en el denominado Acuerdo de
Gal~!pagos.
2, La deh3gad6n peruana manifesté, en eS8: oportuflîdad, Cl los representanles de!
GODlemc> de Chile que el P€m'J no podria pmiic:ipar en el Acuerdo de Galapagas yi:l que
si no se H~c(>noCB BI !imite e:xterÎor dei Perù cabfÎ31a poSibilidad que terceros pafses
cGnsidm"0n parte de este limite extenor CO!'TIO aita ffiBr. TeniE:mk en CUBnta qUE~ el
~unbito de aplicacion de! f\clJerdo de Ga!àpagos es \.ln àrea de aHa rnar aledana ô !a
:-:or1>3 d:;3 sGberanj;~ y jurisdicc:ôn de ios Estados ritiE:rer!os. es nt,:cesi3ïÎo que los pRises
qlJ€~ s(~ blOlflBiîckn de estl2! aC:Jerdo no tengôl1 malenlendido alguno sobrr: la e:dHnslôn
de los espac:ios madtimos de soberania y iurisdicdôli de Gada Uil\) de los ESlados
costeros y el area de aplicacion de! mencionado 8:cuerdo. Se liene la confiafiza qU(~ la
h,,;;rrnafla Repùblica de Cllile accedenl a la petidàn peruana. Todo ello tue e:>.:plicaclo
con suficientE: dHi:al}f; y el tema flle objeto de Url intems;3.nte intNc:1m!)io d!~ opiniones.,
3, El parm.fa ! de! aide-mèmoi.re, del 22 de febrero ùitimo,cof1!iene!a fm::;{~~ quedic€::
"el Iin'ntH n:~jritinlo de nUHstros pah~!3.s". AI respecto, es neceS~jrio declarar, una 'lez
mi3s, que el li!nite mari!imo entre el Per(l y Chlle aùn no ha si,jo e8tableGIdo y. P(X
tanto. t15 un aSI.Hlto pendiente. Esta persistent€: posicion penmna ha sida presEmtmia a
Chlle desde Mace Y<~ <~lU!Jnas dècadas. Es filés, l;?!l PerD iîa propuesto forrnalrnente <1
ChilE; la H~;3Iizaci6n dB negociaciones paiél sclucionar la Gor:trO\l!~rsia. La filKlild<3d de
eUas dE,be ser 0i eslablecirnlento de! limite nl~titirno de CDnfonnidad·:~on las nOflTWS 1.%1
derecho :litem<1clonaL rnediantf: un tmtado espedflGo sot}re (:S1;3 m.(ll;3ria.
·4. ES!i2: aidfHnèmoire induye otras expresiones qUEi ~;on tambièn inHcBptable~;. que
pfDvlennn (k una err6nea y equivocad<~:nterpfetaciôn dE: los prop6silos tj(~t Perù. H;:lY
que tener pres.eflte que, 1.':11 la mhcion bi);;:toal COi! la r:em'lana Repùbli.(.a de Chlle, el
prop6s!to fun(~armmt(i! e~i fortaiecer a(:n mà8 l;~ '~sirechi3 mr::stad qu:-:. ü).jsle .. ~njrü los
{jos pUi2blQS aSl camo \f1GrI3:rnentar. emiquecë: e impl:lslr laimpc;rî;;:ntf.: cOClfK:rad6n en
tod()s los CHmpos para el mu!uo benefic:lo 0.;;.10& ôos paisi38
477
1. En !~S6 contexto, el Paru propicia con la hermana Repùbhca de Ghile una pCl!itica de
estabilidad historica, la misma que con!leva la voluntad de complementar las
economÎas, integrar las zonas de frontera y consolidi3rla cooperacion y el dièllogo
poHtico y dlplomàtico, pero al mîsmo nempü, resolver el ùnîco asunto pendiente en el
,~mbjto de las re!aciones limitrofes: la delimilaci6n maritima. ËI Gobiemo de! Perü
reitera 10 expresado pOf el tv1inistro de Reladones Exterîores y concordado con el
~,,1inistra de Relaciones Exteriores de Chîle en el sent.ida que este asunto pendiente
debe sûr tratado con un enfaque Ju~idiCo, par cueràa separada, que no tenga
repercuslones en el conjunto de las reladoi1€!s bilaterales:
6. Este elevado proposito no puede ni debe enerJar 0 împedir ei cumpHmiento dei
imperaüvo nadonal, que incluye la preservad6n e el resguardo y la defensa de los
intereses yderechos dei Perü; en este casa, aquellos relacionadas con la extension del
Dominio Maritirno.
Lima, 9 de marzode 2005.
--
Nota,~ El presente Memorandum fue enttegado al Embajador de Chile en el PerO el die
de la fecha.
478
Annex 82
MEMORANDUM OF 9 MARCH 2005, FROM THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF PERU TO THE AMBASSADOR OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
On 22 F ebruary 2005, the Chargé d'Affaires aj. of Peru in the Republic of Chile, Mr.
David Malaga, received from the Foreign Policy Acting Director General of the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs ofChile, Ambassador Cristian Maquieira, an aide-memoire, dated 22
February 2005, regarding the issues dealt with by the Peruvian and Chilean delegations
during the meeting held in Santiago de Chi le on 3 February 2005. The document submitted
to the Chargé d'Affaires aj. also makes reference to the Chilean aide-memoire, dated
17 September 2004. The main topic of this meeting, that took place with a general
feeling of cordiality and friendship, was the participation of Peru in the so-called
Galapagos Agreement.
2. The Peruvian Delegation on that occasion informed the representatives of the
Govemment of Chile that Peru could not participate in the Galapagos Agreement because
if the outer limit of Peru was not recognised, there would be a possibility for third
countries to consider part of this outer limit as belonging to the high seas. Taking into
account that the scope of application of the Galapagos Agreement is a high seas area
adjacent to the zone of sovereignty and jurisdiction of the coastal States, it is necessary
for the countries that benefit from this Agreement to have no misunderstanding
whatsoever regarding the extension of the maritime spaces of sovereignty and jurisdiction
of each of the coastal States and the area of application of the aforementioned agreement.
We are confident that the sister Republic of Chile will accede to the Peruvian petition.
All this was explained in detail and the issue was the subject matter of an interesting
exchange of opinions.
479
3. Paragraph 1 of the aide-memoire, oflast 22 February, contains the following phrase:
"The maritime boundary of our countries". In this respect, it is necessary to declare,
once again, that the maritime boundary between Peru and Chile has not yet been
established; therefore, the matter is still pending. This persistent Peruvian position has
been presented to Chile for sorne decades. Indeed, Peru has formally submitted a proposaI
to Chile to undertake negotiations to settle the dispute. The purpose of these negotiations
should be the establishment of the maritime boundary according to International Law,
through a specifie treaty on this matter.
4. This aide-memoire includes other expressions that are also unacceptable and come
from an erroneous and mistaken interpretation of the intentions of Peru. It is necessary
to keep in mind that, in the bilateral relations with the sister Republic of Chile, the main
purpose is to strengthen, even more, the close friendship existing between both countries
as weIl as increasing, enriching and encouraging the important cooperation, in aIl fields,
for the mutual benefit ofboth States.
5. In that context, Peru brings about with the sister Republic of Chile, a policy of
historie al stability, which entails the will to complement the economies, integrate the
border zones and consolidate the cooperation and political and diplomatie dialogue, but
at the same time, to solve the only pending issue in the subject of "neighbouring relations":
that is to say, maritime delimitation. The Government of Peru reiterates the statements
made by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and that coincides with the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Chile in the sense that this pending matter should be dealt with juridical approach,
as a separate issue and with no repercussions on the bilateral relations, as a whole.
6. This elevated purpose cannot and must not enervate or impede the execution of
the national imperative which includes preservation, protection and defence of the
interests and rights of Peru; in this case, those related to the extent of the Maritime
Domain.
Lima, 9 March 2005.
N ote: This Memorandum was handed to the Ambassador of Chile in Peru on the date ut
supra.
481
Annex 83
NOTE 5-4-M/276 OF 29 AUGUST 2005 FROM THE EMBASSY OF
PERU TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
482
Emtnt.jada. dei Pen~
Al HowJrabk
L~.i [U~ !:Jiij3da df·l PeT~:{ S;JhEJ;.i rn~jy
atC!'ntarn!:r.:J~.f~ al Hnn~)J·~tbh~ M·in~st,e;H! d!~ r.:eJa,çionf:::1
[::<teriotl.?:> ·f)lrecciôn Gt't1er;.tI de Poiiü.;-;:;. EXlCi!t:'r· v tie'[l{~
<-1. he'::1ra reie.drse il su Nota nm. l2247 de l ~ de ::U~O~(() de!
;:;.no fSl curso, con n~!<wlùl1 al prcy~~Cl() i;k ",~:r-~a-O::l!~n cie un
org;.mismo reg.i.on;ai dt~ p{~1Wal;"n t<lt~J nmr en d que
pttrt~cipafüln (;hiie;- AU5trc~jj;j 1 Nueva Zf!l~.HH.1\.=t ) .. el Perù.
SO:.Ir<: d r.IHftjçu!m·, la ~~fnb:::i:'ld;J dd
{""''\~~ ~•l•~ •« ..1' ,...... r""~'~"{"'"H"H; lL'. l~".çH~.1";. l '•1 {J't •· .. :.l.,~ . {;l'.;t{,. . ;~,;:I.\. '•ç•;. ~!~'<,..~' .H.J.' r't' "rI(" .ih'.~) .• <'.J ..-... l, ~i.l'
dt: junill f.!f:,l plTSt'tHt: aÙt). enviacto pc-!" la Se.<X.lÔn NaC\(1l):)]
dHkna dr: la C(>mision Pennanente dei P~dfic;; Sur <~l
Sec:'l-:t'anr.< Cknf:Hli (cl dt: did,iJ iJrgam;:"'ltH.in, ccntiel~t: ltnn
m;::nci6n, fi! .:irea de }1pli,:w:iùn dd futuro féofn'<::nlo part; 1<1
"drrmüsl:radôn pes-qucra en d Par:iIitX1 Sur, y ~efi~lB ';'C'l1Kl
uno de sus hl;ljtt~S d p'3,r<.lki<) 18'2 i '03' dè !<.lütud ~,t.lr "1\.«:,
(t·mo ConnCt' cs!: Husttadc> Gobierm), g-cl(~rd>l rdt:<:iôn C":~!1
la GMnnY,<~rsi<l S;)brf~ limite m<:tritnl1c., que existi: e;~tfe d
Perù y Chik.
En "~':' sentido, la gmb.*~(h dd P!~rù
reitl:'ra su p~rsîstente p.o:;lÔÔ,1 sobre lu delimitM:i(m
maritima pendknte entre <llnbos (.l'3ise:> y p\.1.f tanto hacc
reserva sobre cu;:"~lquit'r Ut~h), cmweniu 0 aG'tl.1::rd,,-' qm::
p\.lè<ta <lfe .;. :t"..- ta $o!x:r;;nü,<. jtl:isdk:ckm t' intt'rcses cll:!i Pc:t'..!
~n su ~SP:iKlO :TIMiiimn.
la tlpol't(.inidaù p~r<l re:w\'at ,,:: es~' ~·hm"nü;k f1.'ll!l!::;t;:f~ù'
DJl-{'!cciùn Gener;.ü (le r<)·titi~.~~ .s:<\.(~ril')f· h.:"!.s ~i::gl~~ndade::; Üt~
SU n'w:> MtH y di':;tingu:da ;:mlsid<.'r;:ji.,ùn.
\tv\ jt ,
6~~s;:l.ntj;~go.' 2q dt, "'W'Kto dd ~~Ol.f5
~f~~*~~:' \ .,:1!.'
>i- • 4 /
"":;:N:h.!:,., .,/
!<lmiSrEKfO !J:E KeUCia~!!S E;~TERivR!i:: i
R~CEPCJm~ OOCUM~t~ro.s !l'1J!3UCÛ~ 1
3 0 ASD, 2005 !
1\:1 irÜst.i:"rio de R~~~atHjn<::s 8xteri{);'~f:~~~ L ()~ICINA DE F'i\.R'f'f.::'; 1
. [)jrecclnn 01:neraJ d<~ P:)ht..:ç:J. Ext::ri;,::-r·
ç~ t!d~).!~.,~·
CC, Di,cc.ckn,:k P:)!il ie; ML; 1 {:l;;:.,':-;.0.1
Cl:jn.~,"':<..;l<.,ln :jf' !\:1cdlC~ :"~nb:~':,1:-!: ,~j:;t:~f"~:t:~~: ~{ .:~':~tH.P.(.\S d(:~ f\'t:.1f'
483
Annex 83
NOTE 5-4-M/276 OF 29 AUGUST 2005 FROM THE EMBASSY OF PERU TO THE
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
5-4-M/276
The Embassy of Peru presents its compliments to the Honourable Ministry of Foreign
Affairs - Foreign Policy General Directorate - and has the honour to refer to its Note
12247, dated 1 August ofthis year, with regard to the project for the creation of a regional
fishing organisation in high seas with the participation of Chile, Australia, New
Zealand and Peru.
Regarding this matter, the Embassy of Peru would like to point out that Facsimile
No. 13 dated June 10 of the present year, sent by the Chilean National Section of the
Permanent Commission for the South Pacific to the Secretary General (a.i.) of said
organization, refers to the area of application of the future agreement for the administration
offisheries in the South Pacific, and points out as one ofits limits paralleI18°21'03"
south latitude that, as that Honourable Government knows, is related with the controversy
on maritime boundary that exists between Peru and Chile.
In this sense, the Embassy of Peru reiterates its persistent position regarding the pending
maritime delimitation between both countries and thus makes reservation over any act,
convention or agreement that may affect Peruvian sovereignty, jurisdiction or interests
in its maritime space.
The Embassy ofPeru avails itself ofthis opportunity to renew to the Honourable Ministry
of Foreign Affairs - Foreign Policy General Directorate - the assurances of its highest
and most distinguished consideration.
Santiago, 29 August 2005
To the Honourable
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Foreign Policy General Directorate
City
CC Multilateral Policy Directorate
484
Environment, Antartic and Maritame Affairs Directorate
485
Annex 84
NOTE No. 76 OF 13 SEPTEMBER 2005, FROM THE MINISTRY OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE TO THE EMBASSY OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
486
El Mirliswio de Rei"donesf!::nenores - Dir~\:c:l6n Geneml \1(:.
Polit.ica Extt'iior - saJUd~l atentamel1t~ a la. H(morab'lt Et13baj<tda dd
Pert< y :$t: ve eu la nec.e~dad d.e referit:se: a .redcntes eQIDunlcil.dcnes
que el Cùn:>uL'ido Geneml det Fe:ru en Arica ha dirigido il b~
autoridade~ mantimas chHenas, con mativ;') de la detencion de
embarcadoilCs. 1l1t'.l10fC5 p.e~l.luera$. pemlLi1flS que ha.'1lnftingidola
zona umrftima de este pars. .
Sobre el purtlcular ea.bc erqm~&i.r fiue par Nota N° 48 de 24 de
m.ayo de! aflo en cunro, este Ministerio ya bW:,.lia m;;3.nift;~stado que nu
coITt:spotidi;i que ese Consu1a4c Ge~tm1 prct.e!ldie~ d$~s{"1JfI(;lccr la
e;.;jstenck'1. de un ac:ut!!da de delimitac.i6.11 malitima. .'1 tratar de
justiUc..'lf la t'Jdsttnci.'l de supuesta.s ~persi$tentes pm,ldones" al
n~:;ptx.tfl. enrentes de. fundarnento juMdieo y :}wdetiCQ.
A este respecto, es o:portUl1O rei.:~Ql'dar que ci Cmlvè!.1.Îo s(ihrt
Zona &lpiedcl FroatCliza. Maritimu de 1954, ruioptnrlo cn (!1 âmbito
de! Sl~tem.a drl t'adrioe Sur, es predsaJli~;!)te u.n h1St.;.1Ul.'tt':..uto
vi5J:Gul<mte entre el 1'ttû y ChUe que::;::: refiere al l.'il11ite n.ta.1.ftJl.llt1
existente y su plCtl<c1 apncadfm. nopuede;:;eT puestH en duda en la
actuaciOn de la Autpooad Ma..'-ftb:n.a, ~specto de euiban::adunes
pesqucr.l.S,
AniJnadt1 del propdsito de manlener y estl!.llu1aJ !a$e$.<..-y!h:.~tes
relaLiorlez dc It'-.1tz.n1i".n~ vincuian a. amoos paises, cl Mfrüstcrîode
Rciaç.kmes Exte-nnres se petmitc ooUdtar qut: :se si.rva inst,ruir al
Cimsulad(J Geue.ral en. .t'\nt'A en m'den >3. é~ar en (licha. pr:lctk~ pa .. a
c,'ttar rdtt:mdones- de Notas en térmiJJos 5tmihm."S ,1 t05 de 1a
presente,
:E.l Mmisteno de Relru:-lwes de Chi!c- D1recd6n Gt.'"tJ:l!:rai de
Politka ExtelÎor - :apro\.'edta la apmtunidacl dt! rdterar - a t::
HOIWn.'l.bk EmLYa.jada de!. Pet'Û. -los. sentimientoBde la mas alm
consîderr\dôll.
i\ la Honorable Embajada
dei.Perù
:er~~~lit~
13 SET. 2JmS
• ~ e''':l::'·~.!A.r':A r.:::,l~ ;'tP.'J t ~-~~_.~ ... _~-.:. ... ~.
: : :iU ;':!!J~: j
487
Annex 84
NOTE No. 76 OF 13 SEPTEMBER 2005, FROM THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN
AFFAIRS OF CHILE TO THE EMBASSY OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
No. 76
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Foreign Policy General Directorate - presents its
compliments to the Honourable Embassy ofPeru and feels obliged to refer to the recent
communications that the Consulate General ofPeru in Arica has submitted to the Chilean
maritime authorities, as a consequence of the seizure of small Peruvian fishing boats
which have infringed the maritime zone of this country.
Regarding this matter, it must be stated that by means of Note 48, dated 24 May of the
current year, this Ministry has already stated that it did not correspond to said Consulate
General to pretend ignore the existence of a maritime delimitation agreement and try to
justify the existence of supposed "persistent positions" in this respect that lack a juridical
and practical basis.
In this respect, it is convenient to recall that the 1954 Agreement relating to a Special
Maritime Frontier Zone, adopted in the framework of the South Pacific System, is
precisely a binding instrument between Peru and Chile which refers to the existing
maritime boundary and its full enforcement cannot be put into question in the enforcement
of the Maritime Authority with respect to fishing vessels.
Motivated with maintaining and encouraging the excellent relations that fortunately
bind both countries, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs respectfully requests that the
Consulate General in Arica be appraised on the matter in order to cease such practice
and thus avoid reiterated Notes in terms similar to those included herein.
488
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Foreign Policy General Directorate - avails itself of
this opportunity to renew to the Honourable Embassy ofPeru the assurances ofits highest
consideration.
To the Honourable Embassy
ofPeru
Present.-
Santiago, 13 September 2005
489
Annex 85
NOTE No. 18934 OF 28 NOVEMBER 2005, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE TO THE AMBASSADOR OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
490
HEPUBUCA DE CHILE
MIN!ftT<:BIO IJf~ RE:LA.CH.1NE·" EXTEHfOF::ES.
Santiago, 28 de nuvJemhrc de l<JO:S
l\:~ngu cl notlor de dirigÎnYié a Vucstm E-x<:deud~~ .. ~tm ,,~I ollicto (Ji:. da; respucst,1 a la
N'ota RE (GAR) N° 6 ~ >'$ ~ A IlSl > ~ il de noviemhre en cut'So.
l\! rc,<;pCclü, yen relru::.totl u la. Ley de Uflt~a:; dt~ BaSt~ dd Dominio Maritimo dd l'erù de
3: de llovÎcmhre de 2005, el Gübicrno de. ChU,,~ reiterot 10 scîiru.ao<)en:ffi Nota N" 17:359
de 19l1lll feclm,
fgu<!hncnte, el ('rt:tb{i.l'n(t oe. (-:hile renueva su Învariahle pt>Sldùl'l i:~n i.::uanl0 a. qu,Ii: la
OCChltaci6n de Santi~o de 1952, y el Convcnio oobrc 7..i.lllH ESp<:cial Fr<.)f1ten'Z<l
y..'tariüm.a de. 1954, runbtlS en vigor, ~5tal>le~cn la ddimitaci6n maritlma entre Chlk y
Penj. <.~n cl parâldo gengtiillc~1'l lu cua! fuem uîatenalizada t;nnjuntmnentc eu «(;\<')$
postk'ri{)!"(.~s, ~. ha sidn respetat!a en la Jmk:ticà de ambos paises JI Jlm la .. :mnuuidud
intcm.ackm'IL
/\1 Ex""dcnü:iim()
Sçüm Embajaslm dd P'erù
t'nChik
~.~~--~~~~~~~--~-~
Ig.nacio W3Jk.c1" Prietu
l'vHui!>tm de Rc!adones Extedore:;
€"~~1'3J''\.,jj-,().ô; [jf::l Pê:ff{}
---_."""""-.......,.-~.~~-------~.
491
Annex 85
NOTE No. 18934 OF 28 NOVEMBER 2005, FROM THE MINISTER OF
FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE TO THE AMBASSADOR OF PERU
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
18934
Your Excellency,
I am honoured to address, Your Excellency, in reply to your Note RE (GAB) 6-4-A/157
dated Il N ovember of the current year.
In this respect and in relation to the Peruvian Maritame Domain Baselines Law, dated 3
November 2005, the Government of Chile reiterates the statements made in its Note
17359, of the same date.
Likewise, the Government of Chile renews its invariable position in the sense that the
1952 Declaration of Santiago and the 1954 Agreement relating to a Special Maritime
Frontier Zone -both of which are in force- settle the maritime delimitation between
Chile and Peru at the geographical parallel, which was jointly materialized in subsequent
acts, and which has been respected in practice by both countries and by the international
community as weIl.
I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurances of my
highest and most distinguished consideration.
To His Excellency
The Ambassador of Peru
in Chile
IGNACIO W ALKER PRIETO
Minister of Foreign Affairs
493
OTHER DOCUMENTS
495
Annex 86
JOINT REpORT TO THE ARBITRATOR, TACNA-ARICAARBITRATION,
BY GENERAL JOHN J. PERSHING, FIRST PRESIDENT, AND MAJOR
GENERAL WILLIAM LASSITER, SECOND PRESIDENT, OF THE
PLEBISCITARY COMMISSION, TACNA-ARICA ARBITRATION
(pp. 364-365 and 152-153)
(United States National Archives and Records Administration)
496
,.:~~.;:.;;~.
:\0
~DAlU,JI!RATOltr.
·I.lAC"A"'~lCÂ,ABlJI';rlU.PIO~;:;:
. \if
G.:"ENFJUL <J:Q·ÎN J .PERSRIJG.
, ,. ,flRSmPRESlnEtl'r •.
sud. .
llÂJO:B,'GE:N~~, WILLIAM USSI~TUi ,',
UOONll PlntS I:DENT •
of
THE Pl&B1SPITARY COWISSIOti., , ",.... ... nON'A,-!,MUCA ARBITRATIQ1f..* .
.---0---
Pages l - 1'14
-. ..... .0--..
497
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498
499
o
o
<n
.:.:.
't~;!,a.:.
:.:: :,;.
-:";. .. i~ .~~ ·~i, ;;, " .'::
,.;} :-:.
501
Annex 87
AGREEMENT TO DETERMINE THE BOUNDARY LINE AND PLACE THE
CORRESPONDING BOUNDARY MARKERS, AT THE POINTS IN
DISAGREEMENT IN THE PERUVIAN-CHILEAN LIMITS DEMARCATION
JOINT COMMISSION OF 24 APRIL 1930 (IDENTICAL INSTRUCTIONS
SENT TO THE DELEGATES)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
~IXt8tEJUO
Di':
. ~BLAf.îO~l>$ EXXl:i!lÛHOES
502
Acuerdo para detenmnar la ~ea diVisQria y telocal:' loshitos co.
rrespoüdientes, en los puntos de desacuèrdo en la cemisiôn mixta dema.n:ado~
fa de limites Peruano ~ ChUel1il.
mto C()ncm'di~,,- l''Q.nt~ inici31, eSl lI!. ~osta, de la tfnea. ;fronterha.h
' •. '
Para fijar estepunto: -
Se medicin diez .. 1d16metros desde el .primel· puente dei f€!Tocarril de
Arica a 1.a. paz sobre el rie Lluta, en dil'ei:ciôn hada el Norte. en la Pampa ùe
Escritos, y se trnîarâ, hada el . .p~niellte, un ai-co de diez kil6metros de radio,
cn)'o eentm €5ta.rà en el indicado pliente y que vaya a intercerstar la urilla dd .
mar, .;ie mado que,cualqui~ punte deI areo, diste '10 kilômetros del referido
puente de! ferrocarril da Arltn Il. 'Là paz sobre el. ·no Lluta.
Este: punto de· i~-oei.'l(:cd6~ (iel areo trnzado, con la orma de! Imlf, se,
ra el inicial de la Hnea divisoriaentre el, PerO. y ChUe.
Se coll)cirâ un~to' encualquler»unto del areo, 10 m:i$ pr6xim.~ al
ma.r posible, donde quede li .cnbierto de 5el' deBtruldo pol." tas $.g'llaz dei ocèan<J.
Linea dh'isoria ~~ l:Il. ~i6n d;' îassu,uf'rera.~· .
La llJlf~ diviooria en là. regtôn de ks azufreras comenzara a 3par~
tarse 'd'c la pnral~la ~ diez ~ki16mètros de la via· de Arica a La Paz, desde la
intcrs:eccüSn de (!"{:!a paralela con el rio Azufre. tal eomo 10 propuso el Delegado
j;Jet'uano en la Comisiol1 "Mixta de Ùnli-oes,. siguienda después hada el Noroeste
Sl&gûn laUnea propuesta pOf aquel Delegado, "hasts. el vértke de intl.emôn situado
a den metros de la via fénea a Ù\.S atUfl'eras en la cabece:n.1. de la que,
brada que baja hada el CapUna desde '!a5' fBldass det éhupiquffia. En e~a parte,
pOl: tantù, la ,di';'Ï.$Qrla :;éguirii. la linea quebrada .AeB-C~D-E propuesta 1J01'
el Delegado peruallp."en el plano respectivo. Desde el (3r..tremo E allldido seguirâ
hastn la l:w:ii~~e del cerro "El ~r:ile>l, de mod~ de de jar integramente
las azufreras deI Chupiquifia y lSUil !lepE'Jldencla.,~"e.~~,.tl!im~ùrio ~hneno. De esa
Clllllhrî:: continuarà en lillea recta: hasta el bito, del· e)~tl'emQ:Suroeste de Laguna
B1anc.a, pasando pû!' li cumbre central de la ~dena decerTos cUyQ~ f!xtyUmos
son los l~erros Qui:ii.uta al NO. y Ca!z6n Chiata ~1 SE., de modo que la. pdmt~
ra de ,iichas elllUbres quède en territono perua.no y la segunda î:n territo-
'" ",.:
--&5-
503
te t~n t~rr~t"orirJ '2.eY'l1:lflO l-o,~ pasos ' .. h~ H~:;.Uaa y Huailillas ..
Lînl~:.t tljd~;(.<fb \'l:!. la Laguna "Blan(:~.
L<1- éi':ls:.):-ia de Lag-"m.a Bhnc:..:. ,a, dh'ii!.lr:i en dos parte~ de :mp~m~
d" ~g'..~al. ati':r,~::n1à{;:'f:p3.r3. tal :;:fcc~ow:::-,:) lln>::a de aguas n1â~ma$ de la lagunu
la I,r::::'pu<:."t:::. liN' ,,1 Del~~rldo peru~noen el plan'::. levants.do por lO!$ hlS:':
J'lj.",rç.~ d~ la Çomi~j6n Mb:tu de Lîmü.'Os,. La liMa dl\'isol'ia serà dfSde: el a.",,~
·l,.f~~·'ùn ~~.{j. al ?-iF":~
.Une.. ! . dh'isoria ",ntre Lag;\ma Hl:J.n{~:1. '! la fnmte>:u- 'tlUB-."ia.na.
D;:"dt:: d punta de ::<aHcia en la i::xt.l'"midad NO, de la l.agunrs. Elal1ctl., 1a
Hn~a di'"i~ori:.l. :'le tr~n:arà direct;;ment" n;J.sta el hito V de la frontern. entre
Chiif!- 'J BoUvl;1, lîcru si fuera ?recis.) tendra las inf1e:ricne~ MC~5!u:ias pam
que. ei c:J.s~rl.::; de Au.::omarca quede en tr:rritOl'io peruano. .
Lima, 24. de Abril de lli30,
P~d;;() M.. OU..eh'",
504
t:,: ':':
.-' .... '
~7.··:~NSl'lHJCClON1:,S DEL S. GOïiiEfiNO CON el .. ACUElli30 DElA~
CA.NCU .. U:B.Ui.S
p;);f», tr.:. .z ,:~{ la, lIn<;<i, d.i.'I'1sr.rn,,·l' wl<}C:1'!,f los
bi-to,s !esp~I.!tiVQS en lU:l putl.:tb~ qtu.~·;'o 2.1O:of.~;)YQn
'l- al:>tennirussa<> a.leu~~ndP.<, en Fabn:w 4l:tin:<J.,
ln" tmoejos do 12: C",o:rls:w" M<:ùa Dllm::>ro:l.dOnL
phÜm]D l'o",aM .• "" ha. ~" " '.UI. ll.C'll.eroa COll
hl (labiemo d.~ MC pois. lÙ (:~! d>:~ri. ajMt.:«s:<
ilsa. Ù(Jmisi6n 00 ~ e~,> ,if< oe. lli!«~.
lG!.I. l'2,tll. >,i.,.""t,ld. en el deeGmp~fu> ,d~ ';a unlion
qU!l M. 'SQll.fudll a U,i. (Il G<.bi<'l'llG, Mm" De:
le~.Q al:> Cblle en. h C"mi.i6n Ml.rtll·;1<: 1full.
t(l~ con el l'oru.. ",..s2tyiril,. Od •. du" mpll.mien"
:1:0 lIo 1<1 cnuve:nldo. 7, "e "<W.~'"li,, <l0ll. {lJ D;,lo~.
:~o del l'm.. dis:pc<uh-'", qu<' lt~ pro~ ;J. 1.1< ma.l"l'
p.re .. ed:l;d :Ii ~tllo.:~ lo~ hltO-' dl:ciSOri03 eo. 1.. . Hn",. .
'l: <W S<l d<1ta=i<Ul., .wlne, ~i!l:'lR:
i lll'l'O C<lNroR»tA,-!i:l<ro:" mlclâ.!, <:11 I(l, 00llta,
1.. le>. i~nw. tI'onto,.lzs;,
1'""", fil"" oorto JlrulW:
00: m>:dh:l.n Hl Kms. d<:w.e !l} .. ,.rim..,r "P',o"t<;
Jal. F"n=~rnl ù" Ari<:a :s. ~ PM aobre 01 l"iO
Llut:;., en Ù:ire~ . .:irn, h~~i..'"\. al No)'tG. {<1 kI. l'amp"
Je lG3~rito~, "! ~'" t,~ b"",,, ~1 P<mi,,-'lUl, on
)~o dl) die:;: 1til<im~tNl'" de :::«Iio, "uv.(> ""'!1ctrQ ,,~.
:~ en el inükadô' '!l1>=b~ y 'I.~'" ~1"- 0\. JnUtt,
c.epw !a 0>114 "p.I ma~ •• ~ m.t>do ~'!I, CIl..·tlqllie~'
:f>~mtn <i~l """,n, dbtp. l(} S:ü6ro:el'l'OS d~1 w{"tido
'{b.)nt.p. <1(.1 ffU'{·tlc;",ril dl:< A.r~ a TA. p"", .<lb,,,
>li ri" r..luUJ..
, E~i.>~ plllito de mt<::rs"c<::i<ln d~l ~rc,} bn'''''''-'',
:,;,.>0. bl. oriTht ,!;,l =, %>m. 01 i:üc:;..t d~ la Un"",
:di'fl"<!on:. e",~re Chi12' y el P"cti.
. 3" <:<c>!oc:m1. Uti. o/t.~ e:. c=J.q"""r (ntMt> ..161
:'>.;N"), lQ mii.e, p:t6:dmo ",l :ml, j.:osib!e. dQ""d~ Qu.~d~
":lh,,,,to â6 3?{ d,.,~!,>~d[,l JX>r ÜJ.5 '4r.l3.~ :lel
.t~ry;,\. rHY!.l:SORU. El'< L\ P..:eOlON llE J....~
AZlèFReU_'\S {U.l1:D(A .Ill)
La. Urr.e;t Jh~·i:H'k)~.;:. 'o!ll bl, :'"~giün d~ 1;:,.s ~U\~.:ft~~
~ r:C~l'lW:O;~.l.. ~t ap"-.rt"'--""rge t:J!; la P;!.y:~tit;tk.. a. Hi ki~
tOnl<,"tr~:~ &:: la, 1j11S f~rrt';~.. d{! A..ric..'t a. I,a. P~. .. l. d.(~:-:.:d~,-;
h..... alter-e~c~i6f~~ d~ ~H~:" pv.tv.l'i!i~ \~vn ~} nu .~.. : ~:~::t. ." .
~:.il ç{,\::o.o ; ~~ {>YQP":~::!o ~i ût-lgg:-!do p~r~~~·n~G Qi.:. h:. Cu ...
w~i<'.n Mb:.~ di} Lr~~~a .• ~igu;~J1do <10"P,té, h<tcm
ei NO["02ilta S",~:l; 1", Uoy,; p"o)!,Q.?1t-. 1'01' ""'luol
D,>î~l>""d.o. Îl;..,.~1M <':l y<>tii<:e de mn,:,;s.16!! .i t.,,,,,,
M Q.. cieu m.et-ru~ dl-! la. ?t:I. l~n-$~ a. ~ ~;:d:r('n'~
"J::. la c>lt,,,eeno de hl. <{U>lb~ 'In" 1:)a)l). ~i:.. ,:,1
(!a..pl.Îl1.'l. d~oWe i;J.. ~ deI ObcpÎ.qni<'vl.. En e~:J:
J)'>rti>, por ~to, 1& di'l'i.so,~a ~,,:roir.i 1", linen,
'lllebIM,l), A,-)3.Q-);).:g p>:op<l.,m ~ al Di!j,g1l<~"
POro.,·«lO en. 91 plôJ>n tOOp!'ctivo. Dl:<sde <li eJ::.~~to.o
E. ..J.nd'do S!lg'llit:l. ru.st>. la cnmbre dei .:<:Sru
xlGl :F:roAll>tle 11l(J!1" dJ., dej::<.~ i!.l.t~""t<> ll;,~
~(:ms dol Clmp;qlliila '1 ~W! de:ftend<!u<:<Ù<:2 en.
tunit<cio "hi1<lIUl. DI5 <lm =l)rp. e<>ntin=", en
liJ:I~ ~<:w, ~ !ll. hi.t<> del ~'S:I":,,m() Snroefw
de ~ B~<:S.,· ~~ p<>r la, t':omb>:'!' eentnù
de la C$d~ltlI. da ~<l? <1»]03 OXt::2llHl:3SO!"t
lae <:'!IT.i:Q~ . QlUftl;ll:sl,. ru N, O. " Ca1<6n Chl~,tt"" .:ù
&t!l. d<l mado. qui! ID. I>rl!t<o:-~ de di~hQ.S curobr>lG
r;.uodo ~ j),j!rrlt.Gnn J,X'ru2.UO 1" lJ>. :regun,;l& en terri.·
tado ohUon". Q\1~de. ellte<lJ3ido <l.,6 eam ~<>. di·
':"'m'a. d"be d.ej& ~ont...,. ell. t...,.J:,rllurio P"~
ru= loi ~llG de Rll!l;y1:w "1 Hua.ylill:l.s.
t...... dhioo:d.:l, ~ La:.;OJl:.. 1.11""",,, k~ dlY\dj,~
<::Il. dos pa.mG de ~"p"ri>t,:i~ i~ M"l?t:<<l.d,,,,,
pa..."' t>.l ofe"l;o ,t:etM UM:l. dl' ~ lJl.w=~ il<>_
1.:1. l~ h p~llpUesQ, flOt" el lXIleg:v::lo :ft'lor=o Cl!
el pla:ntl w."ro.I:lt.:<du pOS' 105 !ng<:ni~(Qa $.<: l>l. Cami.
si<in :rm.-.:t&. d.6 LÙJ:Ùt~s. La liM:>. dfci~mi..1. S'lm
dei e::rlr'lmo. 80. ~ }''"E.
UNRA. Ul>'1S{}:RIA F.}.,. ..l '.R:& t..!i.Gf:NA mh~.ll'çA.
y u Fllo~n:ftA aOLMAN A
1)e:;&" '''1 l'<m.t., Ù:". t>:l.1idol< ~!:t la ~:rlN:o:i<:ljl{:
N".I'~, ·'d~ ~.m:a m",o:!<"I.. la. U",,,-'1. di'>i~,",ri", S'l 1;<<>.'
::.::U'à. d.h":'e~~nt~ h.3s:t;:l. (!1 bito V d.6 3a.. fr·ntt.t~-r~
~n~l'é' Ohi.ti) ? 13olh.~~ pet" si f~e:('O). pr!":Q!~~'}. u~n .....
d:r·d.. 1,;1...':;: tufle'riona-? n.\'X':'P.-&'td3..~ pa.-::;, 'l~l{~ "~l ~. .~ t~O
'>Po .~""om"",<,.:l, '11;1.(:«0; >:0. t"":rit,,,y\o l,X':r."",,, .
Al ~.:of!:l( Don f;~iqu~ '2;:,.\!h-:.t.t Ooh:g'{u1':j d~
C!:rilc ,"-t!.. l~ CG~ü~dô::.. JB;7.~::\ do:- tJJ)!!,!.t-(,~ f:(J~ ~:"~ ry.nl.
505
Annex 87
AGREEMENT TO DETERMINE THE BOUNDARY LINE AND PLACE THE
CORRESPONDING BOUNDARY MARKERS, AT THE POINTS IN DISAGREEMENT IN
THE PERUVIAN-CHILEAN LIMITS DEMARCATION JOINT COMMISSION OF 24
APRIL 1930 (IDENTICAL INSTRUCTIONS SENT TO THE DELEGATES)
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru)
Instructions to the Peruvian Delegates
[ ... ]
Concordia Boundary Marker.- Starting Point, on the coast, of the borderline.To
fix this point:
Ten kilometres shall be measured from the first bridge of the Arica - La Paz railway,
over the River Lluta, running northwards, at Pampa de Escritos, and an arc with a radius
often kilometres shall be traced westwards, its centre being the aforementioned bridge,
running to intercept the seashore, so that any point of the arc measures a distance of 10
kilometres from the referred bridge of the Arica-La Paz railway line over the River
Lluta.
This intersection point of the traced arc with the seashore, shall be the starting-point of
the dividing line between Peru and Chile.
A boundary marker shall be placed at any point of the arc, as close to the sea as allows
preventing it from being destroyed by the ocean waters.
[ ... ]
Lima, 24 April 1930
PEDRO M. OLIVEIRA
506
Instructions to the Chilean Delegate
[ ... ]
Santiago, 28 April 1930
[ ... ]
Concordia Boundary Marker.- Starting Point, on the coast, of the borderline.To
fix this point:
Ten kilometres shall be measured from the first bridge of the Arica - La Paz railway,
over the River Lluta, running northwards, at Pampa de Escritos, and an arc with a radius
oftenkilometres shall be traced westwards, its centre being the aforementioned bridge,
running to intercept the seashore, so that any point of the arc measures a distance of 10
kilometres from the referred bridge of the Arica-La Paz railway line over the River
Lluta.
This intersection point of the traced arc, with the seashore, shall be the starting point of
the dividing line between Chile and Peru.
A boundary marker shall be placed at any point of the arc, as close to the sea as allows
preventing it from being destroyed by the ocean waters.
[ ... ]
MANUEL BARROS C.
507
Annex 88
TRUMAN PROCLAMATIONS 2667 AND 2668 OF 28 SEPTEMBER 1945
AND EXECUTIVE ORDERS
(Ibiblio, University of North Carolina
<http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/policy/1945/450928a.html> )
508
~~R'ES!DI~N1" TRUi\lAN';':\ J>}H)CLAMA11fr~S ON 11. S, l>üU.CY
CONCERNlNG NATURAL RESOllRCl!:S OP SEA BEn .AND F1SI-nnUI~S ON
UJGHSEAS
8<::pk:mber 28, 1945
.Poiù~~.r t!llhe [}]·(i~'-(~,i ..\. ~!f}fe.\' ~s,·i!h .R.. esl:N:.:C! l(,; the ~VàfÎ,.'.t:rol R.e~,-a·urces qf'lhe S'l'.fl] ..{. oll (JlJ(! Sea
.B(}() oj"~l.,e (:'ontfnenlal S1:e{{
WHEREAS the Govemment of the United States of America, aware of the long range
world-wide need for new sources of petroleum and other mineraIs, holds the view that
efforts to discover and make available new supplies ofthese resources should be
encouraged; and
WHEREAS its competent experts are of the opinion that such resources underlie many
parts of the continental shelf off the coasts of the United States of America, and that with
modem technological progress their utilisation is already practicable or will become so
at any early date; and
WHEREAS recognized jurisdiction over these resources is required in the interest of
their conservation and prudent utilisation when and as development is undertaken; and
WHEREAS it is the view of the Govemment of the United States that the exercise of
jurisdiction over the natural resources of the subsoil and sea bed of the continental shelf
by the contiguous nation is reasonable and just, since the effectiveness of measures to
utilise or conserve these resources would be contingent upon cooperation and protection
from the shore, since the continental shelfmay be regarded as an extension of the landmass
of the coastal nation and thus naturally appurtenant to it, since these resources
frequently form a seaward extension of a pool or deposit lying within the territory, and
since self-protection compels the coastal nation to keep close watch over activities off its
shores which are oftheir nature necessary for utilisation ofthese resources;
NOW, THEREFORE, l, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim the following policy of the United States of America with
respect to the natural resources of the subsoil and sea bed of the continental shelf.
Having concem for the urgency of conserving and prudently utilizing its natural
resources, the Govemment of the United States regards the natural resources of the
subsoil and sea bed of the continental shelf beneath the high seas but contiguous to the
coasts of the United States as appertaining to the United States, subject to its jurisdiction
and control. In cases where the continental shelf extends to the shores of another State,
or is shared with an adjacent State, the boundary shall be determined by the United
States and the State concemed in accordance with equitable princip les. The character as
high seas of the waters above the continental shelf and the right to their free and
unimpeded navigation are in no way thus affected
IN WITNESS \VHER1:t' .W. , l have hercunto "et fIl;': h;;Uld. ;:m;,l c,m:;cd ü{;;~ ~cal orthe.
l':n..i.ted States of America to be ntfixcd.
509
DONT; at lJli:~ Cily (if VlI'ns.hington this rwenty~dghth ,üy QfSüp!crnb{~j, in the yeur of
flur Lord nineteenhundre.d rmd lhrty-fivc .. and of the lndepend'::;i1ce ofthe United Sl;Jle~
of Amedea the one Iumdred and se\'entie.ih.
[SEAL]
HARR)' $. TRUl\:LAN
By the Pn.::~itk!lt:
DEAN ACltESON
Acting Setretary of Stille
510
Polie}' (~f (he United ,'::oYat,,'.\· wùl; Respect 10 Comwl Fisher/cs in CenaÎn Al'eas (~(th('
H-" .I~ '/'::'0h ,'''•C 'il"i. '
WHEREAS for sorne years the Government of the United States of America has viewed
with concern the inadequacy of present arrangements for the protection and perpetuation
of the fishery resources contiguous to its coasts, and in view of the potentiaHy disturbing
effect of this situation, has carefuHy studied the possibility of improving the
jurisdictional basis for conservation measures and international co-operation in this field,
and
WHEREAS such fishery resources have a special importance to coastal communities as
a source of livelihood and to the nation as a food and industrial resource; and
WHEREAS the progressive development of new methods and techniques contributes to
intensified fishing over wide sea areas and in certain cases seriously threatens fisheries
with depletion, and
WHEREAS there is an urgent need to protect coastal fishery resources from destructive
exploitation, having due regard to conditions peculiar to each region and situation and to
the special rights and equities of the coastal State and of any other State which may have
established a legitimate interest therein;
NOW, THEREFORE, l, HARRY S. TRUMAN, President of the United States of
America, do hereby proclaim the foHowing policy of the United States of America with
respect to coastal fisheries in certain areas of the high seas:
ln view of the pressing need for conservation and protection of fishery resources, the
Government of the United States regards it as proper to establish conservation zones in
those areas of the high seas contiguous to the coasts of the United States wherein fishing
activities have been or in the future may be developed and maintained on a substantial
scale. Where such activities have been or shaH hereafter be developed and maintained by
its nationals alone the United States regards it as proper to establish explicitly bounded
conservation zones in which fishing activities shaH be subject to the regulation and
control of the United States. Where such activities have been or shaH hereafter be
legitimately developed and maintained jointly by nationals of the United States and
nationals of other States, explicitly bounded conservation zones may be established
under agreements between the United States and such other States; and aH fishing
activities in such zones shaH be subject to regulation and control as provided in such
agreements. The right of any State to establish conservation zones off its shores in
accordance with the above princip les is conceded, provided that corresponding
recognition is given to any fishing interests ofnationals of the United States which may
exist in such areas. The character as high seas of the areas in which such conservation
zones are established and the right to their free and unimpeded navigation are in no way
thus affected.
511
fN \lVrrNESS WHEREO.F, T n;jve. hçreunto sei my h;;1))d <1nd causcd !.h~' se al of thè~
l.:nit<.xi St;;te::. of AJm~rjea to he. nfüxed.
nONE m the Ci(y of \Vashington Il; i s tw(:'uty -eighth d~!y of Scptcmbe1', in the ycar nf
our Lord ;;in~~tee;J hu.ndr~.d nnd l'orry··nve .. ime! of the Indepêl1i,Îêw:.:e ()f the T)nitcz'! Sta.t\;'s
of Americ;;, the on~ h1l11t1re{'; and ~CVt~mi<~lh.
[SEl\LI
OARR Y S. TKUMA:\l
By tht~ Pre$idè~1lt:
DEAN }\CHESON
:,\cting Secretsi)' of St:::t,;:
512
.EXEClJTTVE ORDER
Reserving aruf. j)lac?rt~ç; {.'ertafu Resources (~fthe (~.'(tJ1(in'ent!Jl ).)he(l {/ntler the ("'onirol
an{l./uI'LO::liict!on i~.rîhe :-~ecrefai)r 9ll}u:' lnfef"iot
}3y virmt: o1'311d pursll3nt to Ihe illlîhorify ves!·;;d ln me as President orthe United Stntes,
it .is onkfeù tl:1.at the nill,a1Ü reSOllfces orthe :mbsoil and sea bed of the comin(!ntnl shdf
hel1è<l!h the high :;eas but omtiguous to the coasts of the United States dcdnrcd thi~ day
by procbmmion to nppertaln f.i) the United State:; ~md to be ::mL~it~ct te> il:; jurisdictioj] ami
cümroL. be llnG they are hereby rcserved, set <t:;itk, and plac1:.xi undcr the jurisdiction and
contrül of the Secr>:tary orthe {uterte)f for 1:iLlministrative purposes, pcnding the
(!lî<lcilncnt oi'lcgislation lU f<::g<ml therdo. Neither l!Jis Order nol.' ih·e nJhresa.id
pfm:lamation shall be de<::med te> affect the dctc.rmination hy legisl.::-.tion or .1udidal
dcerce of t;!!Iy lS:itles be!we:cn lhe Unitcxi S!me.~ and the :;everiil states, rd[jt;n~ to the
oWfl.crship or cm!1ro! of the subsoil and sea bcJ (lf J-he continental shdf within or Olltside
of Ihe lhree-mi!e linüt.
HARRY S. TRUvfAN
THE WHITE HOUSE,
SeptembeJ 2::L 1945
EXECUTIVE ORDER
ily Vitllle of and pursu<:'tnt 10 il.K~ authorHy vested in me as President of the United States,
ît is heoehy ordere.d that the. SecH~tary of State and tllt' S<::crctary of the !ntcrior shaH
from ti 111 13 10 ÜlTle. joint!)' rt~tommem.i the estiiblishment by EXC(:<Jtll/c ordeIs of j'ishery·
conservation 7.ünc·s in art~as of the h1gh "cas tOmigllC)US to !he COHS!S ot'theUnÎ!ed
States, pursmmt to the pf()c!amatiofl t'mitled 'T'olky of the United SWles Wilh Respect
to Coastal Pi::;h1:.~rîcs in Ccrtiiin Areas of thiZ High Seas .. " ;his day signed hy me,. and suitl
S1:.'l'f<.~taries shail ln ~ach case reco.mmenù provisions tH be J.ncorpora.ted ln such (}fckrs
rdtiting to the adJninistration, regutation and control of the fi:,hery resowces of and
tisbing activiiies in :mch zones, pUJ.'S'a3l.1l to authority onaw lICT{:'l.of()R~ or hcr;zaikr
providect
HAH.RY S. TRU~·1AN
THE V'}HTTE BOUSE,
Scptc:mber 28, 1945
513
Annex 89
DECLARATION OF THE PRESIDENT OF MEXICO ON THE
CONTINENTAL SHELF, 29 OCTOBER 1945
(Spanish text: Archives of the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of Mexico.
English text: United Nations Secretariat, Laws and Regulations on the Regime of the
High Seas, 1951, Vol. 1 (ST/LEG/SER.B/1 ), pp. 13-14)
514
f:LE~ .'3X'C'er.i6ncit~ fi.f;· lfJS ultimes aflo5 ha ·ê.e~~str~dc ......
1.5! crecien t'à nec,e,eid.;d a«~ t-1ene~.; }3)S E.~.ta\1c s d.~ prese!~.';'
81' [~~·q;,$ll&.s riCU$ZaB n~:t~~r!"±lBs C:t~)!;l ~~" t!"Rvé~ (t~ 103 ...... - "1. a .... -.f'. • tie,nrpOS.1 pc\r di ver~t.d; razor~e~? ~ l~~.n ~~:3'te.{.tc' J .. t.~er·a riE: St<.
control y d.e un apro~/''~':3haf:lier:ltcf int(;g:t~ô.lt
J~C~:uc se ~,~b~ ~ lRs .l~:Lerr·es (P;,,0 c6n,::t~t't'..lyen l·3.s f':.!(.."..~;S.-2
~ontiYleht&~lees ~pcr 10 g~n€rBl ne 6e le'Y"anto.r.. cor:. ca..~tllE:$
bru3co's 'Et 'Dar'tir de l~~s ~ran{l:;:,s nl:~fùnd.i(kdes ooet.J.'\1.cf:H ~
sino ~:je f1ë 8s1ente.Jl ~cèj;:;. un t.6èalo submf~j?ino denQmt:nadD
'"1 ;;~ p..!..a viUj.} o rme con" ""1 "'" +-... ~~ ,.,,,,,,NI' ~l": ~ t .... ,..;:' "'- Y10 ..: .... HO, ~"""I'\";'~ :1 li nt!rl v::!.i ~ q ~r;' ~ ~ :..r.:~ -. ,J.!lL!, t.t..-..\.';'& POoL .:..o:~ J5.~ :.. .. ~;., '..ta )
esto G~) 1& l.!nea Ctl(; une i.)Ul:tos de igual ·rJ!~cf:..n1d5~d8d .... -
(200 m:3tro~~.~. n cari;ir -;le cuyos bcrdo~ la -t)~H1dlente des- t... ~"'" ,).,
l:J,le~1de· bl'llS,C& 1) g~"".d:;:&lmGn-~e ,haoif.! la8 zo.ns.S dt? pr()ftl~1al
dr.. d media de 108 111.81"\çg; ~·~'3E. pls.ta:forma üc·n€tituyB~ ·e·~ti,...
,ienteJ"n;ento, ua't'tG inte~;~an ta cü:: 1~3 u8.1i!~ 6 con titl~!1:t.$.16'f~. " ,/< ........ ..,... - " 1 ne si,end,:· n,i ra~cnç.ble ni ~p.ru~er~ ta.\ ni r~G~~i 1::10, r~tue ~·ie.:çl
co s'0 dee·3nt,iendc. à·$ 1~ jI;1r:LS(11oc:'i;}n, apT'ovechami·;j,n'tc y
~3.]n.trol so'brô'. 1.a mie:D.a~ ,ar~ 1;. part-ë Clue :)C3?l""SSpO!H~S ? .. ~t:
1i:~11'ri tCl"'lo en ambo a [, :...t~,Rh":: 9:.
1!A.hwre~ S$ ,~~ba~ r:D!3C I·ea~l.t~d,c ~6 ,ë:l:\te-rsas tn-:Ë.st.i.""
gE.clone- ~ e.:l.,en. t l-f l'3as '1 a 1). ~ çr1 til cna~ uJ..& "G,r~f c::.~me: IJon t l nen .....
, , . , '.' " , .' . l 11 . "
t:~J., e;\:i~:'!;13n l';.duezss n:;":.1:t:!rr~.i.es / mlnera-f8 ~ .!-'l'JUl~!OS y S:t1;~""'
r;?05~3S .. fOf:;,!'l1tcs' l calc3.ù,2~ hidr-oca.:r'"Ij;;lreS~ etèéte.ra. dt: .....
"ô4'i",'":r.» ~1":I''''''~·ll,~1",''''·~o. u~.~~+~"~·-1 ... -O~'" ..... t,. , ..... 1.,.;.. "';"r',.,...r:fllO n{~{"l'~~"'t'1~-. ~ ..... "":JJ. _~.\. ..... c .. c .......... ,Â[iJ. .... 1- ~~ .• ~.~ ...... -t:~,,1u.0t:'o ..... d .. L..,. l~I ..... '.'. ~a,," ~ ..... h.~ ç~'\.., .... :.-:.....,. ~
nR Cn~lâ, 1~1CGrpCr~.o16r! legs.:l al pa.tr·imonio r!~c.ic.G.al ?33 J&
gen te 6 ina:pl& zo~ble:.
~IPcr otra pf!r·te es d~ igu.e~l u~r'genoie. (iile el Estada
maxiCi?no al Q.ue le 1"HitU!l~l~;2.a ê.otô con recurBOS 'p6~,Que .....
rc~. ·:le riqueza e~ti'i:.:v!"'ê~i~;RriaJ co,oec les qUE Ge encuin-,
trR!'ll pOl' nd cl,ta!' otn)s~ en 1;;1.8 tOnW3 ma;:.'itimB.s f1~5nte
R la Baj8. Califol.~l'lis<.~ S·$ pl"otl'::jltn~ e'4'q:.l'::ften y !'·:treente.{.i -en
t'orrn[!. st: .. ecuad,~; y os tç~ ul"·genci.3. :su~tJe de pun ta er~~ la -
ac.. ..!.' ual 'l'(~'R;''" en 4'.H~ el~ mu'new ,!, empow....! '<.lc.!-.C,O y ni:iCeslt", 3XH. ) :por
1~ g'uerra ire.pue~te. ~por el '.lctal-i-tariemc, (labe des[;t.rro ......
11er GU prod~ccion ~limentioi~~ ;5.1 ~éxi;!"!o~
UEn lOi: 'ant:)s R:!t€2"1'ores 3. la_. guerrra: el !{:smi.st6zt io
Occld<::nt"ltuvQ que cOf:terepla.l:' ,~6r;"o f1(lti-~8 pesquerar: rIe,?:.
r.umentefl <le1)ulf>es o:<t1<ftcont.ine!1tf~le$ Sie dedlcaban a la
(lxplctaoJ6n ln.'i1oa.el':s.\.Ï11. y 13:-:.h8,1.1.stiva ë.e eue. iru:1<li).5E:. :dq~~
l,al eue .rEi bien es c.iex' to d~be coadyuVRl"' ~.. l b1.enestô.l~ -
mundl.al è:j Gvlè.ent~ cfJ,'$ ÙO!'~85PQnde en pri:::6!~ lugt:r al -,
pala mismo q.u,e lR -posse j al pont~.ner!tB a tlue· pel~tenB'3e~
515
P~r r.e.2rôn 'da ~u na.tl..~J.'\~.l f: za r~1 j. S!na 13:3 l'hdi <:> p~3 ne·9. 1::1 € 1 ;.~~ -.
t:>,..,. e }...i..... J'V. \,0 .:. ~~C\",""'\u ~w- .;... . D.•.\ L,~1, 'C<'Ol. ~ .........., -;" ..' I~fr.t'1;;;:f"! .... ":t ......) "'"" t·"i>\ .... ~· ",:- "7·~, ..... ~'-i o.;.."r::'t'" ';1...,. ... .:.:.';s~. ,J._l;: .,...., ..... \;.IIr· <,~ \J~ j~ .j.~ 0,..'." ~ ... l.e{.:...l.' ... d ..... .;....ç~.
{lel Ef.:,ttl.uc ha~tt;,._ leg, l.t..!g~-res c· :.onRS t1~1-1$ l~ ci~ncl,3. ir:ê.
tt1uf:~ pal"r.; .. ,eJ. fie=382'l'ùl1o de, les: v:Lv::.rr'02· {le, ~lt&!?:r~ inde
na!1diÈ:n t~!-:nt?n t~l da ln n'1 $ ~,tt!1t;.ia qUE~ 'le S &l2:n:\!?.'t. .. \'3 (l~· la c~$.
.vo .tIç .. ~
l1F\tr~,:la.üo en· eë1tr.:.s 1~8.Z0nt::s 8,1 Gûb.l ernt: de '~~a RenJbl~
c~ l'elJ~il'p.11c~t.. tcd,g l~~ plR:t&f~rr:~a 0 ~6Gal0 ~./:.}r~Lî~H:"'''
tal ad~tëc~,~;te tt 'BUS CCE!tElS y tOt1uB ~f cç;.fla 'tn!.!.,1. de: l&~s ~~
qll6:tR.t; !1atUl~t::.leg, oonQcidas e inédit{~B q~i.H5 !:8 e:.1CtH:rrt~;et~
on l~ I:E~ism« ;§ p::,"ocede. B la ~Îig:ll.~i.t'!c·ia. ~ i!-pr·c\J~,3~û:.:lwlen tt:
J oontr'o,l de la.. t; ï.cnae rIe 'OX"'oteccfcn r:~~5aUBr$. n!20,es~:!"'iE~G
~~ ';".9, cons~:1~'V8.ci6n (1e 1;a1 rû,ent:e: de bièn€itm~;
~;~~i GO'f)i~rn<) S'a cli·3 ca. &!~d6n{3S; a laE ~~u ter 1dr!-ues ~Gt,:
ue tt!t!"tes 1J,a~~a t:;.U'3 m~nced.aJ! n tO'rr::ul!3.l~ 1.::~!1 i~t~i'.rl~1 t1 VH.::-: "~""l'~. .... • •
<la .icy qU6 ~C;. ..! ~(;if~~~~j8~n :; "par.t~ la. c·:~1f:!:brr~.c-i6r! ·:1<3 -L0,g
tl'at({è,o~ ·Q.1>itJ B0an neùoij,r:,rles.:
516
13
7. Mexico
(a) P~SlD:BN:fr"'L D~CLARAnO~, WITH RESPEOT TO CONTINENTAl.' SB~LF,
, 29 Oo/OBER 1945. HEL UNIVERSAI/~ (MEXIOO ClT'Y).t V01.. ,~16, NO.
10,541 '(30,Om:0l3EF. 1945).,. Pl'. 1 ANP p. TRANSLATIOr{ 11Y nm
, SECRETA.lUP...T OF 'I1t~ UNITED N~TIom
The experi~nce of the last fèw years has shawn the growmg need
for State~, to ëonserye those natura! resouices which~ throughout the
ages: and .for variouS reasons) have bet"..n beyond theiX control and have
not been fullyutilized. '" .
"It i,swell .known that the land fdrming the ,continental plateaux dois.
not me" in steep gradients from the gieat depths of the oCf7an f1QorS ~ut
rests oh a, stlb~ar~e platform 'known as the .continental shelf which ~s
bounded."by the Ifiso.hatlt, that i5, the lil1e Joining points at. the saroe
'çepth (200 mettes) and 'çeyon~ who~e !imits the slope descencm steeply
or 'gradually ~owahl.s the ocean zones of m~dium depth; tlùs sh~fdeady
forros an integral part of ~he continental countnes and it is not wise,'
prudent ,or possible, for, Mexico to renounce jurisdicticn, and tantral
overan~ utiliza'tlon of th3,t part o~ tbe she!f which adjoins its territ9ry
in bath oceans. "
, 1 t' is l1owknown, as' a re~lU1t of v~'t'ioUs ,sdenrific rès~arChess tha t thi~
shelf contains naturaJ resources, liquid and gaSe:ous roinera1s1 phosphates,
calciùm~ hydrocarbons,' 'etc" of inestimable vea,lue whQse l~gal incorpo ...
r:ati6n into the national property is. urgent ~d cin;not be delaYed •
.F~rtherm.9re, it isequâlly u~gent, that thé, M~cau State sho~tI4
aclequate1y 'protect, wor~ and deve]op thè exceptionaUy rich flShingrcsources
wlth which it has ,been endowed by na.ture) such as those in
the \Vât~rS off the coasts ofLowerGalifomla, nQ~ ta mention the otheni;
and the urgenC}l is .. still grea'ter at the present time when the world,.
irnpo'V.èrished andneedy as a rësuJt of the war imposed by totalitarianism,:
tnust 'clevelop ,its' production of food to the,gr~atest possible, e:-"Ctèn~~
In tqe pre-war y,ears the. Western Hemisphere had ta stand ~ide
whiJe' permanent fishing fl.eets from othercountr~ell engage~ in an,e~êes ...
sive ana eXhaustive eltplQftaÔon. of these, vaat reso'urces which,' altJibugh
the]' shç;uld. of course contribut,e to' international well~bcing, must bdo,ng
above ail ta the éount+.y possessing them and to, the continent of whlch
it forros part. In view of its 'V~~y nature: it .is esseiItial that this protection
517
14
shou1<l consis~ .in ,tile extension of control and supervision.' by the 'State,
to, the places and zones. iilrucated br icience for the doveJopmen~ of
hlgh-st'as $sheries, prespective of thei~ d.ista..~ce from the coast.
For these reasons' the ùovernment of thè RepubIic làys daim to' the
whole .of the continenl:al platform, or, she1f adjoining its coast Jine and
to each and aU of the nat,u:r.aI xes.ou.r.çes e~dng there) whether J01O\'l"l1
ot unknowfil ' and 15, taking ,steps tQ supervise .. utilize', and, control the
closed, 'fishing zone,s necessary, for the conservation' of thls s6urce of
well .. being. .
The foregoing ddes n!Jl me~ that the ,Mexicàn Goverrtment seek$ to
disregard the Iav..1ul rights of third pàrties~' based on reciprocitY$ or'
tha~ the rights of free navigation on the high seas are affected, as thè sole
purpo.se is ~o COll serve t4~Se resoutçe8 for the wcll-being of the. nation,
the continent and the: wodd. :
~Iy Government has 'instructed the competent authorities to proceed
with the drâfting ~f the appropr~ate legi~lation and the conclusion of
such treaties as may be neccssary.
519
Annex 90
ARGENTINEAN DECLARATION PROCLAIMING SOVEREIGNTY OVER
THE EPICONTINENAL SEA AND THE CONTINENTAL SHELF
(The Declaration was formulated on 11 October 1946 by Decree No. 14.708/46)
(Spanish text: Archives of the Chamber of Deputies of Argentina.
English text: The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, No. 1, Supplement;
Official Documents 1947, January, pp. 11-12)
520
718 C.:'\~'~~.~·U=tf~ !);~ D!PU1'J~I'lt<S ru:: LA NAC!!)}{
---,.~ .. ,~~_.~._ .......... _~~--_ .. , .. _ .......... -!-............ "
SI:'. l're~ltl~ntè (Dhu: ::le Vi'l!1r). For Se··
Cl'etiir!a s,eo d;}f'ù ruent::! de Jo:! ;~SUj;,t;;s e1~trados,
_g~ PQG.'!f EJ~C·..!ü\'o t~,~·n~ ,et .bCt'"!1)I' d~ dütgü:~ a
i."'t;êstt~ hü~~:r;jQH~d~d Bt;\'ondc. ~ !:ou CN1~'::Jrd.~.:U~'Q cn
-C'Of.'l.1 a.u{~nu~'{l<tc~ el tex!ù .(k~l de<r·'tQ ~(·(~8. die ..
t~ldo c})n iech~ i .!. èl5 (i~tl...:~j!",;~ ~~~. 1;:~~î~ ~cr tl q!l:i!- r.:\!o
cl1!dar~~ij t:'6rtl:r.t~~ict1tJ;S: l1 :it ~vber~~:d:$ u<: t:} ~~ô{;t6ü
t·~ n~i7tr (!P;f;c<!~!i:':{:·l~!~:.1} y i): ;:èi;~·k~ lx'n!:~ll'!nt;): ~"l~",:~~nr
~)lXt~,
.$t:k'.,'4 FUt(~N.
J :(!I~~ I;Ù~h) B:UOitt~ii.J.
Que ln ph1.~t-!e<.~!ma SU.br:1tif'~hR, W"!m::\.1~ ~v~h~:!n
n:<:,se!~{ sUb!r":;l:tna () ~,~.cr.tio ~;,,\ntin~nH,d. g:';îlrd~ ·;-on
~~ ,contin\!nt~ unu J;s:n'!.:::h~, unjd~1'3 m(li:t(:}6~h>:l ) G€~"
!6irt~S;
~~~jC hU'l ~tS'Q(:5: ,q:.:-:. (;l.!tH·<';~1 ~a P!~~.l"!!i.~:'~!a ~·~hm3r::1~
'CH""!stitusen k.::; r:-cùri'!5 l!:(:l!C!'":ti ~Ü;;~t~t:de~,; ~~1 lni! ~~U: t'i
<.ti!~>.1:.tr~U.:; t;~oi(:git~~ ~::~ .~x:~:'aordb;:(rio. ;x·r ::! {{i.n'.H:~f!.
da de 13 i~.l ·~(~1i.:r, esU~:u1.~11c!ù· 1,f.! vld~ d~ ~·f.!K~q.~:,~l'S
Hi:Z;'l'~" ml:~g~s, eti.;,é'teT${) y d2 jJ!~i::i;:!;td '~-e el!p{:çi~i$
&llhn:jlf:~} s~.!~ceptib1r:~ t1.~ ~~r/)\f~:::harr:~~;jt.t) b:(:,~tr:.~!.
Q:.:(:: t:"t l?ù-..1·~r E:J,?'\~ut~\~O; ~fl):T d~xr~~{t !.SS,~. cl~ r.~!,:,l:t!
2:~, de f=~V!'~') de t~4~. ~r. l:l $,l:tku!o S!:} f~rf:;:jl~ '+..H~;'\
~lu.inU.~~tad{1Ü catss:;tka de St.l'")'SI'O}!1!O ::;~rlr~ <:-} ~ l~~ ...
'('81\1 C{J.ntk:~n!:U Arg:2.,ti.~Jr..c~ ~r $c,br~ ft) ~~:;1:or !r;)l.l-:~tii·
r:.nentsJ Atg~!':Hn.:,~, ~~ ded:tt~r~·:·~ âiJniJ:; trans.; t.)!"'~a~·
173:; ::eserVSfl: m~!:le':"3'l~$~:
Qua el ES~i!do. !>'.it'" ;~l ~S:l:n~<:1.i:w d2 ·i"gl:~~râi;:r:i.~::t P\!~
:r~1H~f":':'; }"'J:;ctd~~ .. m*~ü\:~H~ ht ~:'q':(~)~:J~i<.!r:~ d~~ iü$
$iadr:"â~r:t(~:;: petrf1ii!erc.s d~::r;l,.:Ib:e-rt~l! S~~ \:~ "Zo::..$ :~')
Ctltltir::aO!:9;: Arge0~;nlhl ,:-~1;nc\t~~dQ ~sJ: 13 PtiJpl~dn~
dl'< la ~ls~ib.<l "r!i~l:~iM :'OOf<! (Xl,," :0& y".;:m!"n~?',
d~: ."::tn;d,·~ )I:~f~tr.: 1~'1~~~:rtt:~~~~::
'~l!S ~s pr:;~ü~ ;j~l P(!-{ie!: ~~je,~:;thjo }1.~v!;Î!~'~~~:. (;:~
f(.?ti1a ~i}dtJ VP."t tr1~1.! sn~~n.:sh·-s.c ~.'";.5 r:·st~lâi"JS ~ifn!~~k'C.,)
y .te.:onkC:::t ,(on ton., ::~, rtlf:nl'nh~ {: t;j, {!~ylc:nh":içf! J' l":Xr
p,1f:·tr!.::iè'n Q.tl" ~"_ r~~~lç7;!~ d\'! 10.'5: tte::: :'~itil1,~. ft~~~ ti}!": "tôs
~'D$:oa;,'3!td~:s: c!r\!cr:n (l~ ~l Z'~i;:sj~) \:(.r. [,!:~~~~~l ~',r~
s~~ntln;; )' +1:: ~j rrf.r.r ~p:{c,ntii1erlt~: ,~~r~s~~.):;(Jl~;::1tt.!:
Q~~~ ~r. i!1 *rde'S) iJ)~f~maC:t:)n<:~~ l'!~ ençr.j·t:·iJfr~ tr~,:..:v~"
VÊ~lletitf! 8J3~~~.tüjù el ~t"r~c}~t'".: de ~ad~ ps;~ fj t..)f!$ki~r~":r
çl):n~ tErdt(jt:(f t:~-teicn.~H tod:rr ~:;c ç.xt~;·]~l ~D d~~ :"fi..Jf
~:;~~Ot1Hn<::')::3:~ )' +;l z6.~,:;~C} .~(~'n~h':en!:-..; ad)';tJ~~n~&;
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d~~:~;tt~d.,.~~~~ è~ i~,~ ~:1tjJ,.~:r:<·;:t do:: ~:os E.·~~d~A Q rditf!:}
th"~ Anï<!rh:~ y Q~ r~ié:\'b;(l. ~ltf(nanà:; Zl":$ sCob(:~·~::b$
~Qt;f'e· ~~~ m~.r\!t\ <=,pi::un~fae{~t;::i~s y 1.6.::::J~")~ c-.~I:n~ü~<!n~:;c·
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~t(!nte 'Tru::-l.~:~. -::c: 23 rie ~:?p~le(lj.hr:~ {!~ 1S1\S ;: Qed:s ..
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~~ d~ iS~~;
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!;~i::Cm l.m;.;UcH.:i $'H (::~! ·m:;den~\) (l·::·ed10, h:r~.~t'~i.ad~,~1'JL
~:)er~\: tiç~ctv ~a!~;to;?':t..mJjj. ~:; ~l ':.;r·:1~::-; ~:(:~:~t[tco, p~r
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S"1'h;H!~..a; y
Q::le ~~ o\lit:~U~~':::l de :s l(::;:;S ü~~'o)Ct~:J;-::. htn~~~ ,::om·j
ia d~ter:n:njj.C'j6.:~ :J\"!! gClb:~rno :t.rgen'~!n~~. de :;ç'r·rs:~"
::O$1:lf y r~::~;~wr:r.1~r kxlQ~ kt) otrH':\J,~~)Z j::he!'~t~:'{;:$ 81
:.t~f;i:'t'kh.1 di! 1St $(\b;;.nm:~~ na.::i~'H;~l: ao;Qti.~e.~m: ~Gr·:':-:.{~~·,::'
L;} clî!chtt"."!lci6n \~or j:ol"d~~n~\". ~anpn;jnt!Q les {::t~\;il~ de~
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522
OI-'f'IClâL OOCU?<OENTS
ARGENTINA
mtCr.ARATIO,N i>B.OCLAl"MOEG- sovmoeroNTY OVER TR& EPrCONTrNENTAL
BEA AND THE CONTINENTAl., SElJU .. 8'*
Whereas:
11
The subm.arinc platform, known a180 ë.S the suumarlne plateau or mmtimmtal
shelf, 3.8 elt)$ely united 1:'0 the mainland bot'il in a mùrphological and
in il geologie:al sense;
The wa.ters covering Hw subm.ariuc platrol'm comititute tlw epicontinental
t'leas, chal'acterued hy ertrnordinal'y hiologieal activity, owing to the influence
of the snnlight, whleh stimulaie1:i plant life (as exempHfied in al(;:ae,
mOSlses, etc.) ;:-m.il the life nf imnnner;ü)Îe spedes of animaIs, bQth susceptible
of indwsf:t:iallltilizat.ion ;
The Executiye Power, iu Article 2 of Decree No. 1,38(1, dated January
24, 1944.! issued a categorieal proclamation of soyerdgnty oyel' the "Arg'entille
Contineutal Shelf" :md the" .A.l'gent1ne Epieontinental Sea," declarmg
them to lli~ "t.ranJ3l.tory zones or minerai reseI'ves" ;
The Statè, th:r-mLgh the medium of t.he YMimù:ntas PdroUferos Piseales
[Pub lie Petrolm:lJu De110s1t8 Administra Hon J, 15 exploiting the pntroleum
deposit." . discovered aloug the " .Al·gentilH~ Continental Sbe1f," thereby couû:
rming the Argerrt:ine nat1on':; right of ownel'ship o.'el' liH deposits "ltunted
in the a.foresaid. con Linental shelf ;
Ii. 11:> the pU l'pose of the Exee:u.tive Power to continue, more and UiOre intensively,
îts scientifi(l and technical investigations rela.tive t.o all phas€s of
the exploration and exploita.tion 01 the animal, vegetable and mhwral
W::füth., whicn ùffel' sllch ' .. '«st potentialit.ies, eontained. in the Argentine '.lOntineutal
shelf and. in the (:orrespoJldjng epicontiuental sea.
In the iutenmtiOl1,al sphere condHiù:nal recognitlon is accordt"lil to tùe
l'igl1f: of every nation to cOllsid,3l' as national tel'ritory the auUre extent of
its Ilpieonthlental sea and of the adjacent mmtinentll.l sheIf;
Relying upon this p:rin eip le, t.he (loYIlITUllents of the United StatGs of
Ame.dea and of .l}fexü:o have issueé! deelaratiomi asserting the sovel'elgnty
o.f each or the tWQ Gouutrlils over the respee.tive per'lpherfù epicontinelltal
seas and continental shelves (Proclam.ation of' Presiéhm.t Tt11mau) dated
September 28, 1945$ and, Declaration oi Preside.nt A vila Cam&cho, da!.ed
Octohel: 2jj, 1!j45) ;
'l'he doetdne in question, aside from the feet that it 18 implicitl:r aGcepted
in modern international law, Îs now deriving SUppOl't rrofl1 the realm of
science in the fOl'nl of serious and valuable contrilmt.ions, aceording to the
x D<,eree No. 14.'708, l!H6. Te:s:t fl'oID Bolletino Offil;ia! ai' A.rgentJ.lU!., by Cionrte.ay of
tli.e Law Libl'sry ot t.he Library of (~ugrf!S2; trnnsl~tll1n.
523
12
testhl.'l.ony of1'ere(l hy m)merQ1.~S nat;ional and. fort~ign publications und cvcn.
b:,T official '!duca.tional programs; and
Tbe maniiest validity of the thesig ü.l.yOked ah ove, as weU as the dctermination
of the AJc'gentine GQvermncnt to pedeet 8.nil 'pl'@l;l'Ve ail the attrihutes
inhenmtry h01md np with the exercise üf :uat,kma.l sovtll'eignty,
nmk<:> . .it advisable tQ fQrm.ulate the declaration pertinent t.o this m.at.ter,
ïher.ebYllmplity3.l1g ~he l:1i!ect.s of t.he afore~aid Dec.l't'.e No, 1,386.
The President of the Argentine Nation,
support.ed by a G":meral Accord of the :ll1inlstcl'S
Artielfl J..-It is hereby declared that the Argent.ine Epieontinel1tal Bea
and ConthHmtal Shelf al'i3 f.iubject tQ the suvereign P()'v','cr of the Nf1tion;
Artiele 2,-~F01' pUl"PQses Qf Ïree navigation, t.he eha!'ac:tel' of the wate.rs
sîtuated. iu the Argentine Epicontiuental SeH and l~b()v;~ the Argentine Cout.
incntn.l SheJf, l'emaÎlls unatl'eeted. by thf} prel:ll:111t Declaration;
..:'\.rticle B . ........:TIH~ saia. Declaration shaH he bronght to the attention or the
Honorahle Congl'€ss, published, tran~mit.ted to the National Registry lmd
filed.
525
Annex 91
INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN BY THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS MR.
MANUEL C. GALLAGHER TO THE CHAIRMAN OF THE DELEGATION
OF PERU, DR. A. ULLOA FOR THE SIGNING OF THE "DECLARATION
OF SANTIAGO"
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
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527
Instructions given by the Minister for Foreign Relations Mr. Manuel C.
Gallagher to the chainnan of the delegation of Peru, Dr. A. Ulloa, for the
signing of the "Declaration of Santiago"
"It is undeniable that it is the right of the States, by themselves, or in concert
with others, to issue regulations seeking to avoid the disappearance of
ichthyological resources as the result of intensive and uncontrolled fishing.
For Peru, this involves not merely preventing this resource from being
destroyed, but also preventing the disappearance, owing to lack of food, of
our guano birds, an exclusively national resource.
Thus, there is every reason to enter into an agreement with the neighbouring
countries, Chile and Ecuador, regarding regulations to protect fisheries in
the coastal waters of the three States which have similar ichthyological
characteristics owing to the co Id Humboldt CUITent.
We know that the declaration of sovereignty over an extension of two hundred
miles over the open sea is objected by the major powers who will not be
able to use the same arguments in order to challenge a regulation and control
measures which, without implying full exercise of sovereignty, will be
agreed jointly by the three coastal States, for the purpose of protecting the
resources oftheir sea that they have always used and that are now at risk of
disappearing owing to uncontrolled or intensive fishing which has recently
been started by foreigners whose new fishing methods may easily lead to
the reduction of these natural resources, with obvious damage for the coastal
States.
Lima, July 1952
529
Annex 92
MESSAGE FROM THE CHILEAN EXECUTIVE TO THE CONGRESS
FOR THE ApPROVAL OF THE 1952 AGREEMENTS.
SANTIAGO, 26 JULY 1954
(Sessions Diary from the Chilean Senate 1954)
530
te1:m el que lnten>lenetl l05 ·seficre., Vi<l.eJa
Url'!, Priett) Y Pereira.
lhS! de ln palabra r~! senQf Coloma y ex·
J)ft:;~ su protesta pur eiel'tos c:ora:e-ptm~
~l1!lt(!iÜdl)$ en las observllelones dej $(!-nor
fZ~)l1im·lfJ.
Majlifî~'sta su dÎs\:l)nformjdao trm el é'.l~
tflI.:Î'J di~curso d,el Embajador zenor Bf!2.ul.
ae r de cual,gdèra e,'\Tu!cle dl! intet .. ~n~
don extrlînjen1 ~n los a:;unh'n:. 111 ter no;.; dt>
Ch!!(! y r€bate alt-runas spl:"edaciones ver!
id;", por el sellor Frej, a PfOposlt{) d<.> i:J.
[l-i':::!ant qu~, e~l la Jucha. Imtre Orientè~,
Occî<lente, s.u partido ellta nbi.ertatnent{~
~kl hulo del'::"tados Unidos que, en COtlC!);)
IO ri'! Su Senorjrr, T:<I h}mado la deit'n-
5fl' ,.le !a d'liliz<ld.Jlt oCr.id~tlt2!.
Fijtl, en ge-Kllid»., 1;'( posicion dei.')!;
C(ln;:;er""nd;m~s Unidos fr€:ntl~ al C!l.SO de
Gu~tH~m<~la y de lGs l)RlSf:S somdido,:. <~ !n
l.îrlj-it~ ,>od';tic;l.
El sr;Î,(\f M,trin se l'etier'! fOl la de~t;;rplb!
i::.<d6n pr01{()c;t!l" pOl' ];i. fornut (omo
SI! h,1n f:i"iÛlC10 resQ!\"Ïendü Jos probiems,
;ll)dfdf!~; y {~è-l)llômico!j d~.l Pg.\Se
En "Il dÎ:\cnrso et :>eiior Sf:rlASQtH' afJ0rt:l
c~aüw,; y dfra.;; Ctlln:pl'lt"21 h';'\!'i dei !'lumen··
te cl," hl producdvn, di? l;~s 'invti!fsl<me$ Ib<
ê'\!t'~. dl' ta re.i1tl'> sl3c.iorml de ChilI: :: de
i)tr:\~ n:lf!lon<:'s, l>~i'inl.ll"ld;, el pe.Hgto qUi!
<?:I"l\"lleh'e pm:'"». el biimr:'star e:olcdh'Q la
de;:(';!pi~>tliimciün naé:mI!J.
Sil" ch"m'vsdone$. ottginall un .. 1èl:mtc eu
ei !Ii!!;' intH\Clerlen los i>f:fior"s. Quintero~,
G()!;dl.;-;.; (don Eugenio), Mara, Ales.!;(HlÜr
j {(j{jn Edu!l. nIo} r GoMa le? M~d3riaga.
.A indicadun dt'l sefiar Alessandri, (doll
~(hlàrilc<), !':e acul!f"da publienT "ln t~:'::tNl:>
0", dcnh'O de la versi6n (>ficial e.~trad.a~
rh, d &,a.:urso dei se-no!' Marîn.
El S<::fiDr Gonw.lez Mad>ï.riaga pit~i.Q <11
$~nadt, tu::lut"a il bien atorda-r dirigir '.I!ido,
'.!ri ;;~l nombre, al ::tenuf ~nn!st.m dt'
Til:r!'il~ ? Cakmiz:::d6n, tr''l.ns,-ribi6ndt1Ic
un teJElgf.-ama dt'J IntendeniB rlOle la pr>:)~·jn~
da de O!wrno f.!n qlJe denllnclll. la pretenill{
lJ1 de un ~xtnHljer(J <~ue b~ sollci!arlo :a.
deNg"(\dôn de! d-e~rüh) que 0Cc!~!'i:' Pr-r<.
jU;; Naeî\l!Hlj Unit zuna d» Pu)'ahue, <l; fin
de r.:)(pJùt~ r :il!" h .. ;~I(jM!i fQri!sÏ"al0!3.
Lu1l. senc,res Milflrl, G::trc!iI y A.cÎlarân
Arce, sa lldhl,::rel< a las r:..'tpr",sicm-i<s deI
Sel-Hlr fv'Q llza-,l ez lirada1l2f;".fl :r pjden ~e
agregurm SI,.!" nQm))rc.~ al oriel!) $olicH<,-1o
flor {~! sdi:J.!.' Serll!dôS'_
Se acu(!]"(ta eli1;j~{r e.1 ofido tl. l1l)ml,'re de
los I!Xrwe,,{~doSl Sf'fiflr~.a- SlSh~H1Dt"es, f1(O!"w·
pl11Hln{\{l;e (:opia deI te18gl:"&w.a en r,'~~renci:>:.
1
JU.U,".O,( [I[:"J. "t:.IJ:"rI·n1'O ((IS Fr, <;1"i: FS
n·; t·f,:I)['!IX.f .l.,j A j',<:OlJ.{(!O s' IJ .• ':: 1;(1." .np'.
'·l ... HUC;IlSi:"s r I.-il!'. C(J.\ï"f.SC!O.\(:"!l .<:OBP-lt
t'îN.r'?'.!f.')(l}, f' iH Sf:r.I·,·If/O.'" JI/;.· L~.~ lU·
QI"F/..U .iHRiYi.l!.{.'! lI1':l. l'AtlJ'tC:O sr;:
COj)thH]tldiWO$ dC?Î ~~m.l.lh.. . y de la Cil..
maC".r: dfr mput:!.dm;;
Lo:, Gqt.<Î~rllOg de CSlila, de Penî y del
En!<1.dol· su:o:c}·ihif.::rvrt t'li ago~t,:J dl.' 1:352-
dl).<) Ded,m:.ct(Jnf!S Y d::<il Cal1\'!"!nt::Îane.'> ;;(.1-
bre K-.::plot.flclDn ~. Co:n"etva:::io)fI de las.
RiqLU?:Z3~ ~hrltim(Js de} Paéifico Sur.
Ext'!riM\zall e~t(l:;: Jlcwr.rd(}s una pcliU~
.::a ÇÜ(>rtlifllltl<l de las tft'::i llaci(lrles para
defl'nder la d<!;ueztl ktll"J.!6..s-1Cl!, d'intro de
lm::.. :!(1),1 de dc~d"f:Jtas millas- m:l.rln~s
de;;de >nis. (üsta;:;, que ~uMa compren{i.ida
en $U juri.:ioicdon Y s~bre l~ cU<ll 31! eji!r~
Ci: !i-i.1b!;!J.·tHlhl CXCh!SIHt. ttlnto en !ag ;;gu~$
co-mo ('.\1 el sueJo. y:.ùbsue10 I!OrT€:spondi~
ntl?.s.
L:l prim!;,:!. de las dednrackme:'l sr: re-
:fi(lre a la Zoua Mlltfti.tru.. y 1:\ segundtl:, li.
];:;s j.lrvb!~t"<l;B de la pE:'i{lnerÎll l'n el P.ilcifko
Sm', L.<!.:< if();": Cun"'l;'n.::iont"~s intE'"f'~
p~.~ti111. b~ pr.~j\~j{~;n ir~ l{~~ lr(':-;: P!l1SC~ 11~~1'"~t;
,.bOn.ktr J .. 5c f~l~l!a~ d~ o\;::a mi"lrlHmr~ ;" la
crenei6n il!'! cml. Comi:;i6:n PernU~lil;nte
531
ta!' CQli!r.ti .... o. Chlte" Pf!nl y' Eeundor con come "mal" compl;zmer;w,rio", C!<he ad~
.o:!l3 r2rolufitmes d~ a$,!'t,lsto de 1952, no Ill' Vf:rtir QUI:! ln Dedat'';'1.~i:~.'l trij'l~rtit:1 re,,'",
on ~Ilfl(} <:lmlr,i~' un ~cto cie lugltlm;t pda "n;~lii:~mN;t!! <:1 ji')'t:""ll~ (lu ''''''''''<''
i:<v 1 b' '1 1 . - , . ,. v . ~ .. ,.".",t~
i)nbCl'Ullia &(}ln'l" Q$ !<'nt'S que !;{ m1t:ra .~- C~tln mür:enli.:!'Çl i n{.,ff.:ll:'1: \'0, ;i i.r~l\"ês (f~ lI!
!l 1105 ha otQrgs.do, R$1 r;:omQ. ejercer. un 7.flrW delimi~Rda. nM'a laK lnL ... ·CS de t(H.hut ~e'her Itlld:J los dere~h.c~ y necesidad~8 d~ la1; t'l,\(::onc:; (ius fmssilgii ~i\'i Ü',Hl:"itl!f'
s!'S ImbiUinte5; al v,l.gd.a~ "Ille esos t:nene:s irwr.d >,
(l Jl~~n exp!otadoe l.rraelQnalI.nent~ y quI'! Fl) L!.! !ire/fI/'i!!'i';,11 .w>IJn: P('.~,'!ueri()s, e~ ..
~ltyan pat:l: el objetl.,Q de, un perma.nent~ t;<f,;j;:~e p,u:;, Jo" 11,t;,~fl;;' Q.HIi! PH,t.lclp;tt'on
mdçll'amiento alirnent-ir.:io de: milIone.s (!~ en la (wlfc!',md;J tk a!$J'j,~.t\J de 1%2, r~sere$,
contrfhllyen tsmbién en fo:rma pd.c~ rOIr!ec::L:f:i(HH:S p~n':, o:·,;!:'lli",~ .. ",~l< .... ;O!"'"
tiC;'1 <l tWa .pQHti~a de efec:ti'n soli.d'ari .. drë hl'J[:;'gin m,u'ina, t,,;r;~:dtn';t; h;~'j'I~v~:~:
~i3Ù !!'iternucicnal Y ~xt;;:riorizan de ma' tipu:icDes cif!(lUficl;S, ditt,tclôn !I;; mt'rl.l~
1,,:1';1 dÎCu?; Sil prliltlc:upltcion pot' el l:!!eneij~ d::t~ P;H,~ IR c'Jll:'if:r':;\('iC>:1 ck "';'Çl;l·~'Jz,. \),~it~
t de sus pu!;:bi:..s 'f de la humullidad. <1111:',;»; Y 1" alfl ... ïrll:l':H!i6n Pl'eferel1ie' deI
............................................................................................................· ····················································1 ermr,UffiO !WdQfWi S ('lei ~· ... m\·lsffjn;\mi\~rlto
Lo,~ ilCllt:râtls Tripa.rWoJ5, f di' i"" i,l(!ustl'ia~ de !<t l;~..tiôn euamlo ID'!
r Gllhiern(J~ cUHc·:dnJ1 ,wto.I'Î.zad;:,tte" D<D';
~\~ {.": D(1~·r(!rl1ci(")'l~ :-"(~t{}r(! Z,ona .;tl(lïif~~. j~ i,p~~ca (ln 3U$ Z;OH~~~ nlaritîmas~
li'a: ;;u~t:t'Ït~ pOf' tlll!'!"iro ~~ar:"\, p~;û y: rI J,il Cmlh'l1('i";,t ;,>,,'iN l,'l'[llfl»1Clttl.l lWEelJiu:
r>r, pnldama cern') n\~',ma del(j l;ü· : fu l'Ii; f("f'N[~ (fr ,"1"" ;,..m·itillm I.'JI 'hw
Hile;! Îltt'~I"l1M:t{.Hlal mal"il.irn'J de r~lS ln>.,; ie;p,~.~: d',·; !~f;;f/!:~() "li;;;:, ha. ~'OEgujdv hl» renadnfl:':',
la scbenlllb y jnfbdî~üin iw .. ü~,.th·HH"~ de la Cm!,,~~,H:iùn :!2 \\·lt"-hin~.
e~:d!.l"k;,,;. qne .<1. r.:iH1a una de r:Jla::; C;}rr0:,>- ~ tlHl d~' l ~.I4G, Pt>HJ >rlodifi{~;{mlo las 'd1SPOpen,
l!: ~üÎJre :1 mu ~11H" bfln:< hu! {'(j;,t~IS ~"idG,H"5 Ilm> f!$h: t:~i;lhledô con cdlerk.
,:1<- b,: l.'(f,pt:ct~\'a'" pH1S>CS, tHl::;;t;~ Hn;~ d15 .. :iH::;~ril~lln. .. \toti(J y pê'!"illditi,:d p<lra los.
t,Ill::.:! minima dl! tk<:;cli'!IU\$ millSl5 nm- ~na["e" qlle, C(}!li(J 10'; lHl"stroS. !!'1'.l.'!~~eJ1 rl'~
rh;>l~, tl~lMi,e la>;l'eferhh::. .(":1::; ta::.. ~!~î ro· ~ ~~r:wdl'" dt'nlf:1ÜO.«' lll\rôt la::: f<'.em;,s df5
ni!) 1<, ~,!)b.:!ril:n Îé\ Y"" ju1'i.,>(H('don e,';<;:u:,,\· \aZ3, .
Il<·~ ,~ul.:rc el ~m.:lo ;;- !'illb:::uelo que (;<!l'n?:l' : (1) Le C~'l:Il'''Ht'i';!1 'lu(' (:1'<'(2. ImQ C(jmi~
puw!::: ~, (!~:< ~om:_TSê'·'·'ltr'·timIm':'i'av-'·'·tiYTî:'7'·'·".~i6)1 hTnWllt~l!le dj~ la C,)IIft')'(!~H:fJJ to&re
·'·'·'mt'fît'tlti"·'î-;:i:~f'·'â'1;fm'i'f t(!rrit\>rh~t,,~, ri;('mpla, g.'·l)!otr.:rùJII!J çl'l:.~('n .. nâ6ÎI dr- las ri'l!U!z::
ndQ e! Hrc:!lcO ctmeepk de lm; tn'5 mi - ';",'i III~Ù rtiIlW,~ dei P(!f:lfir-o SI~r, .pe,mitira.
lb" marin!l.~ di: s lCttnC"e de !o.~ nlf:ol\'l~".;td qlH~ ~Hl R:'UPO {le p.~r,:,oll{·,ro;; de caé!~ uno
.oig-l<J X\'H pOl' l.lIlX nu",-,1l. ~on('r:pd6n ju' rle 30,S E"tados participante-ll yele lJal' la
r'dk';·fi!o$-ôfii!'\ m:is do acm;:Tun çQn 1;;;.; p n,;,;C! i'Y:l Cl Ml d-e !a ;:iqUN~ de !',us mares,
(':.;jK<·n~ia~ ,'ilale:s de Ht\(2~tr,l" puehl<Jci}, y d;md{! ilC<rm~:<i sel!!'(- pesl.'-}! y C;.l:::;~ m~'lriti.~
~ue. J)è.'l· fltn~ part"" )'11: M sicla incorpo~ maS. Sedn d~ la Ctl mpet€H<:Î::1. d'e la Cot'l-
tIÎ':1 en Il~;:.dam!5!; 0 dp.claracif)ne~ 5!!We" tr,i,:ifm Pt'rnU':'l'iiènte: fiJhr e~peei('.'; 'pr(}te-
3al1«',; dl: diYer~Q;j p,~i~, O,g(l.nîsmos II!, gidar., coni.lns;t'ntf!$ €'xp)Qt2bl~!s, tempor~l.(!
rl1<lcÎ<malei> ~om.o el CQmiM Jurldko InT O:ls.- zonus de'",ed", à'!,1.:n'Ejos :.- métodol$
tç';'ll;méicH.no y l;; Gornil5i6n de DHec:ho prohi.hidos, .fonmlr "'5tcldr:'ith-~"IS, pr\'JM<>--
111!.ê'tll;,dofial de 1<.1.[; Nadol'lCiS Unidlts !mn \'l.'r estmfios e: intet'l~ttmbi;lr iufornùdo~
rC"ollr.>cido YU la n~.t1irbd' de mod1fiCl.l.r lH.'s~j,"ntIfi<:çl3 >' t.'iCflÎ<'1l5, l1flv~r têgl!'ttros
l~_>; Iimitnc1one~ tl'adl.dormie;; que m,n':Î!,- y matrtç.\lla$i :: prOilOnE'r ôI. los Gobi€Xll.tl~
1"('1> ~k un problerna potk~;ll maritima flet Î:ig medidus eOlldueentes a su cometidc,
Bil;!n XVII con lo? l1am::l.oos c~ilom:r~o" de Se 11;; c<,m$..'tgJ'ut'!o III fm~'llt.ad de .repan l..1'
titi :Ql'\r.ntia: pa ra lnvo!ùc.r:n' jurü;ctïe(.'Î(l· r~!ir)hltï(me;; de la CQmbii'l) dentl'{1 d,~ pbIK;,
v hasi!); sob~:;:,,:mlas en -regiOn€5 que Y,>$ esf.<th!etldu:;, ;, firl ciE' s:.lh'.:J.r, rlent.ro
:.e {mu defll'1iQ{l cômo "m;l.r coudguc" c de! "fJ'n,eer,to dc: 3c<heranî~1 p!~i'ible5 pro532
Annex 92
MESSAGE FROM THE CHILEAN EXECUTIVE TO THE CONGRESS FOR THE
ApPROVAL OF THE 1952 AGREEMENTS. SANTIAGO, 26 JULY 1954
(Sessions Diary from the Chilean Senate 1954)
[ ... ]
The Declaration over Maritime Zone, signed by our country, Pern and Ecuador, proclaim
as a norm of the international maritime policy of the three nations, the exclusive
sovereignty andjurisdiction that correspond to each one ofthem over the sea along the
coasts of the respective countries to a minimum distance oftwo hundred nautical miles,
from these coasts, as weIl as the exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction over the
seabed and subsoil that correspond to the said zone.
[ ... ]
533
Annex 93
REpORT OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE CHILEAN
SENATE REGARDING THE PROJECT THAT PROPOSES THE ApPROVAL
OF THE 1952 AGREEMENTS. ApPROVED IN SESSION
OF 3 AUGUST 1954
(Sessions Diary of the Senate of Chile, 1954, pp. 1390-1391)
534
'. l"~ con 8nt~rioridad a li~ re(:ha ·inj1tHl!!
r1 0;..
d:~;Hi!l. t ·1 l. . l m·
• '3 hCI!(;!ir..l«!$ con cmp 1iCtQ.:; i!II. ~ J.l-
,\.v O XI. dtl D. l'.,, l "'''' "56 d ')t} '" V" 1.' "" c .... ut"!
.c ll l'lAf .~' • S) 1 1" 19::" seraIl aplSQHh!!li a . pet'sot\<1 .
JI! h.· ut: , ... h .
f<11C:ddo. .' .'
Arllc1do ~1,I._"It4;eroph,z:'M -en d arbr:u,
10 HI ~is!! U. fi'. L. Nf? 87, ~d expl":si6n "~m.
~1j.:'\lln~ parLicll!arcs'· pOt -eL ~jbtüenlt:
"\:ffifllt:lU!.ü :\ :lcml'.fI!'' lC. a1 c~"", " ,
,.l,dh'lilll 8q. .. -·L;~ pb,t.i de.! j,)er::;or.al de!
ln;~t;lllil) ;:-'::'Idonltl de Comt:re1ù${!ri, <lpW'
h:lll::' pür el COI1Si:jO d<=; I;1f'E Org(mi<:m,..;,
>, j,ruptl!;l!;îùll d{: ~u )~'i('!t!l)r;':-$ldl1nt" . Ejl:"
cUtil<ll,
El! la 11l1srmt IQrma M. ncord<Hi~n jf);6
niJ!l1Î;rum t<mV;m, 11$CelTsm:, rem"pd6:n y r2~
))ullci~1 del versonaL
5:11" e'-Hl iscll-erdo t1!lt Consejo .se ,pQora
-ctmtnlt:U' emple,:;Jo$ fue~ra de 1" pklm.a
:r (:1)1\ t:rra<:tet tmii$'.itürJo. d~hie!1üo f1jar~
r; 1::1 t~empiJ d;::. duracirH:l dt:: ~O~ \~Ollt!'"<lt!.,;)!;".
Dlos gUUdé a V. r,,;,:,·-B, CQ.stnJ.-E,
(; {i'lj t:~l>JJ NI.
10
'JrW!ff Il.f.l. JU.;:ISTlW ;l.lii ,~,tl.Jïl Pi·Ri.i!·.~
'~rH' ~ 1. <11'1: ,.;.<:1'6,' J'UIr. .';;'; nl~t:1JA cs
l: U:r'H li f: cr r.t fJ't', l' :,' A ln lCl Î.O .~: .\' },,4,':
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FIA ü. D. F. L .\'9 ZiSO, Qt'[:.' rM..:O ;,,4 rOf:·
1':O~<WJ{i.\· ,"'·.KW:i"3;1.. I,I, J S j' EK3W.\' ~~,~ 1)E
nUI'I.'ao :,'
~;nll i,lgo, fi de. agQ3tû de' 1~5·1.
S. g. d Prt~"id~wtc <té lu Rep.übUcl'l
(!.ier..:i~(, 1'1 tkred)(l c~nu;<lgrad\) en loSi a:j;'·
ticul!}~. 52, 5:]; Y 5:1 cii! 1~ CQS18t1tud:6:n Pth
!it~~" dei E:;l':iH!<}, Vt1:t.mdu :<. !gnnus lUFip<;t';!
cwnc<'. di:.l :prcyectiJ de 1,ey , ~"'TJrj:;.tmtk)
l'or el H. CôJ1gre;,;.(), mndïfkato;iu dt~\
n.. , F- '~, . .N,~ 200, que cre6 la GOl'poracion
NJlcio.JJr,l di! Inven.iones. de .Prr. ... hü6n.
:n el p3.frz.fo VUL dei ofdc, €l Ej~c
o::ut~:o ~n-'w.;r,!!: al H. O:mgt€so la agre,
g;;,.I;IOll M un adieulo fin",r, eicnal [J<):r 1.JJ1
(,1'> (P' .,~' .• i,~' L m. t~VP):~ ::ie (:fn:i6 f~ '<1 Honor:i'n\e>
~' 111ara de l}lputaàos, en l.2 XQfUUl qUi:! a
~Hllt!nml:!.:i.:in !te t,'~pt'e:s<i- ~
".lA 'l. JUI"~ .pl;E-st(J en el artk.uto lV-' r€&irâ
"dl'!lSdr;: I~ pnblitac.iôl1 E'fl I"!I tlinrk, On~i.;il,
',(Id d;:t.r(:'1.o COll f uetZ;j Ù~ !{:y Pi" 2JJ(}",
"tf, ~ b'i. '-'Jl cl Il (rI .'o' t: .. Lo dls{lile~.to e-n el ar·
H,"1'~":1 l l 0 .A. V· r~,IF'l'i·l .<.I1li!:';'U!!:.; \' punlic3clQfl iO!f!
"el Dklrio Ofid,t!, de! detrüf(l r.l.lfl fUt:t'w
":!e ley ;-':') ZOO",
U\ (!:'tj"t~w:il'l, de esie er"')f' (l~' copia
ii.ü<:"tb <.1" m;;nifir:::;to Cinl lll. 'iimple h~~tu"
r<ïr<1 :d pà!'"taf,~, VHL de! (:îficio d",t S3<.1~
eutJ~. .· {j. H: .qu~ ~e }H~c;ê l ..'. fere'flcir ..
L,; conml1lm ~j V. E.pkn .. ~;u (!ort-::\:·
dùn.
nkl'~ gU;Ir:.h~ ,i Y. E.·---S!~r!Tio A/l':.!mir(~'
iF) PÎll/u.
f) F~'Jl~,'A"~~ :'~~. ~~3 l :~Jf! ..... J'{;L\.· bi2' ri:WJ..",~t'"'J,:.J.)'!~ .. ~
!::_rTi:'{."lrl,}:J-:'S !; J'·:,t',A f?~tr },:x $1,. PN.f.,.Y.sctû
>..'11. N,'{,<"",\; .I,.l .·'N:OI::U':WX J!F .r)(IS ji,"!;.
CI,.Ht.;iri", ... ·" " "".lf. i'(l.vrRxt;O.H:.S s.mJI!.~
t:~rj\'·}~t:/r,,-f.i li)."· ~. cn?\:+~']~};f""-{Cl9~t.:ES· J)g t~,,4.s
HOfjor",bie Se-rUHiG:
Vu~s,tri;\ CO.l\üshSn dt: Rdad,:mez E;;te.
riQrr!$ h;; considemdo un pr(l)'ee:to (le:
<lCl!l:'I'dc, inieîado en lm M"n::sje del Ejecuti~'
Q, ~lue aprueba l'B Dedzr"d.QHl;1S SC~
hre ZOTllt ?lbHr.ltnll )' Pmbhmul.s de la,
reliquerl;! en el FM.dfi:::o Sm' ~/ hl:! !'XJu\'~
llèi;)nea. sobre Reg!<lu,,-.·nw para faens.g
dë taxa Maritimr. lm las agU>l51 dd Pi.l.d~
fh:Q' Sar }' st/bre Comisiém P:erxu:;1neli.te de
la C(:inf.~retlda. ':luscritos por luS C·,UierJlC;
l d.t' ChHe, peru y l~m<dvr en hl. Pdm~
ra Cou.f{,:reDcla sobr~ Explot<ld6n y
Cnn;;t:rv,lèièn (Ji! las mqu"Z~\S ~.f(iritifJJi~.$
de! Pndfii!(} Sur .. celei)rlUla en !!gc~to dt~·
H~S2 t>.fI S~H1til<8'r., ne Chile.
C::~TB't:$:l ::1 Men;,·~je ~ll reff!reMÎ~~ {jl.'<e
10$ e~tlIrlio$ Que se practH:~m €~l kîS. c~n"
tl-r.c.~ de iTl,t:'!stig;;don ('lé !:.<s ntJ.ckmes mâ:.s
lIdel:=tnbdii 5 culttrralnwate, Rf!D:üan que-
13 oobl:>l;iùn dt;] Ttiutlth} cr;~r.e c<m und\::'
fI1(J' su.p!::dor al dé la prü:è;ucr.iôn d~J s.E.
m,-,nt-.~'~, ~,'qw~ Ir,:;;. Gtlhit'n10" d<!!J<2'n o;J€;iI~~~t"
una celM.3 gl:sli6n p,~ ra I;t'i:yenl.r ll,;:>. con,
dklL'nes futuras: ,ft vi~t. de .8.0$ p\;ebloS'.
535
1390 DtARlO DE SESIONES DEL. SENAoo .
=";;;;;:;:==========.::;:,,!':i=ttlll-==.=.." '.:::-~~.~'"";:!:;.:;:; .. iX ........· .·..-_··- rr ::;:: .
" aM!g\H"arh'~ ht în{"orpon,dùn ,\ $ll~ e.cOA
~~omi;j~", de {tli!:'.",!:l:> pn~nüHrlad-e!: qtH~ les
ôfri:'c.e !':!l medin f::;(~()gr:'tfiCl).
A Kreg.:\ que Chiln pO:;Cf:, ~ldémâg de IB.S
;.~ti>p-~iiva:$ dr.l su-elo de,su h:rl'ltofio
c"ntÎllent;\L f!('l.lliljiHcl,ùle;; del,i\',\d;iF> de. un
;;.ptv\-'~~h,w'J.i~tit(l r,i!>!.:emâtko y j'lldonai d~
hs. ftfluezas martHtl:; deterr . .imah\:-î plJrSH
.}.'N.)~.il:iôn Eeugrûika. ÎrNîle <Ii T!w.)'ùf d~ !o,~
(I-c~;mos €Il mm e~ten~iùl1 de Z,t,(H): ml!h,~
€11 la ~~Mle eO!itirlenL'll.
La €x!:-i.enda y proyet:dÙI1 dt' c"ta~ ri.
<tuft1.,as oblii;:l :ii flue;::! ru pn[;,. ,1 ;Hr(ij.l~:'I1'
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oI-h ' ".ti·SI te <l lLiS COSI.«S ae f>rO-:lucen ~Of!sLaI t. : -
c.onSI' ù erà·h. il és a fQlt'u"tnH .'nttl;; dl.): aW-SSt ! eq. '
f 1 cl h" ..!! ~~<:~
t1ml il-$€s uàJUS: ternper<itun~!j qUE ;1~~.
P .:t7.HO à Ina !It?uas S\1:per.i:1dales ft3f;' '
in1 .... riot ~lcl ocêl'-no, y (!lm ,il <l~l!(!n~:r' e~
'r'cdhir lC'i\ ef<~doa.E(l1<lt'e3> in.f]u"{:u l~ .1· ,en •
iotm. acI6r cle fa ,y:!getaci6n mit:rl"~" ,
• - . . );;"IJplça,
~E~ numtlVa de toda l~ f~l,ma df:1 rr!t'.t.
l'or ~ltmw1 nue~trt) zocah:< ~lJntinenta! [lt3-
p{ll'Clf.m;~ uprei..'lllbl~~ c!"mtldade~ (le $,I.\B2.
tal1l?j~\~ ~Üin~l~ntîd;if.! eflriqnedrl~li pOl' !a~
m:-lltl-rlas m.l!<erall·~, \"€B'etalt!.o, y .31,1"" .. 1""
. • ~M~~
t!lIC 10:';. l'l05 ~' tnrl'entes <id Een:sdOl', ?;:rlÎ
y Chile lIe'/a!'1 RI rf'lâl', y qùe cuntMùt1.:n:(\ a
~t>nl'ml y m~nt~n€r la ~xistcl'!da !.le fllll'S:
t,A fa1.ma y î1.ota marîtima!l.
i-:, 1;111 e\·i(.h'!tt .. ~ (';:;t;t Unltl:ld biolügks
-tille fwy fm h~ agll:1l!, ,je las trt~S lKtl~es
'iW, en 10 qu" se l'tdll!rt! B ta:, lJ<lllena"
"<;j~ hil comi'>!'o'~aJ!o que t'Il ln:\ !I!(l<l13 Uhb~
fri'lIU' al ECtlm:lol' S'i:' pr6i1uc{' !'i TJI'QW~jl,.
l';;"'l ih .. !L.s l'l,! .ilc(!o;;\ ~' que. en !wi-!'uill;î, i':;'
t!)~ rdllrll<ln ;l;{cb ;,:'1 "ur J..'hr·~ ùht.:I'IE·)' fil
h,,-; ;,!{.Hil;:' !Jt'l ua!1;,:> y dl!' e!l<!~ la :dimi.':l·
I;,d.~.n qm.' pl'fmhll -el dMllrmiiu d~ lM
rr~;,~:;..
E!Cf>!p:-enÎo dt! que .s'~ t.nltil, tJlt~. !KIr
;,,: :,HL ",:(!j'llt!!" i'X1HI~i'j():::., \efh~ [[Ut' E":i
di? J.: nI >l i lU li<)rt:mda v~'.r~t Ctlil;;,; con::?&
de CU:;!tj"fI iristrum~tit(IS â :ô<tberill
I.a lleceJ;u';ldùn sohr..-: Zm\;, )tU:'!l,
TIl;l:
L·! T.:! D/;;'d,in!;:i {m M,br-c. P~>lqllp.rI:r;;
cl La ('onn'mdùn $OtJl'l' Ré'tlllllJ:l!îltil.i
de CJlJ.:~ ~hlrîHm;i N"s ÎM; ng\.!;l"~ -tlt'Î p~.
di lf.ù Su r: '\'
<.J} L:~ ('{)~\,(~liei(in qUî" ère:! mm C~roi.
!:i:m Pt!.t!la.lielH<': <.. ~f ~ la ('f~.nfert"ld~~'
.. :cie <Jl' h!'i; F.:xplnl;-tciùl1 .r CQl1!"en'î1t:lQn, '
J:U~U.!tz.-S.~:'L)l:il.r.:s.Ûn:m;LJlf:LJ~.!i!.fî.Jl.b~!?J~!,:,.;.,.,.'.'.'-j'-'.'.'."'"
{ En lit n~chr<l(dim ,o;nhre Zona 'Marit}-
lu«t 1o:, Gohie,no::;- de Chih!. Peru r f~:
: dt!}' 1-ll"l}th~m<"n como m)rrnf\. MI1',l:,.
::: , •. - - 1 . 1 ""'''ll'l J : lllH:l'P,ié:IIll!HI H)'ll'ltrm.:'\,a >;il 1I.';~ de
j Jud''-l'Ii;;:ciün eXc!I..I~i'.'it que a ('"udu Hllâ fI
l i:i" tr6 mldQI}~'j. cot't'c-5!pOJ'!de :;l:Ibrt
536
:.::~~~~;:=:::.;.;.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.;!" .. . -, -, - ~-~ ... -... ........................ ....... ............. ------.
, 1,.:ti1:1 !~$i Cf):;tl~S de 109 r~sJ'l'!'!dj·l tc!"}(ia'il r€111>l:ctiVU: <1 li la üHnlsiôrl Pf!rm"-
rn~r qM. • ','" f " ~, "
~'(j~!,,\i;;e~, hrt~Ü~ unit (H,15ttlrJl,.,:l'i< ~mnrma {I~J t)Nlt!;'. ,·eft;,..,:mÎ-e::l ;d m'mwrQ t!<~ imllt'!la~
M;dent'IS
Jfin!!l;; mur1m1S. ;"lSJ. como !<. J (;l~ï.a{h,5, ;1 1;\ 1))'t •. i!uc"i')B 1.Îr;- a<:l;ltt'S \' de-
( •. _. 1" î'\ f i nrisdîcdoll exclu.sh.'a :sobre. ( mi:, J,>foùuct(Js oht>ml dos. ~, hi:>. 1~';;,,1~C: i b.~.
S(l ... ~l ,~ 1. ., ., . ~ d ' , :<: • . .... .1 f!.X.}u.b:3ue!Qq\.le tO:),~e.. .p '.J~ e ~ ',}~~4l SilXQS y dim@:;klj)e~ tle los c!lti!i:cùs., ek
~~;::!:s~'T;;'aml}Hii:rir'z:~~""~f"i;hnr~:i?"'d1:::"'~"!' F'iil;,:roP.riI~, 1:( Cl)fl\'~I1d6n quI.:! cr~;l Ulla
... , ... :~~;~ terfiturh.tles ftleroptaz.andc; cl al'· CQmÎsî(m Pel'm:Hl~nt$! dJ2 h~ C()'l{er"II'~J11.
(~gu,,,( . 'lI' ' "'" , , ' '"\ rQll'.:epttl ü!! 1(1)1 tres nu as manm~l:l. ~()bre (:()I<SH'\'!!diHî r ExlllQ.hl('.i~n i!r: ln;;
cc.l ~n;:tlJF..·' IHCt~. de {us' c,anot1eS v,). S l :H' g1 (l XV'I.I , riillJèz;io> {mlrmar; ... k! P'l.•c ifiCIj Sur, 11~~,-
;,;<\'(;~il nUC~1:I coneèPci6n que resPoude mîtirâ que un ~nlp{j fIe peL1}()T'!en>i'. Ife l,;t;','
j()r;1 las -e:::ôg:encl':m vit.,tte5 de nHCl'itrol' da lHl\') ~t\? tn:'. R:O;hHf'ii;. fll. . rtidpal'ie.' .i - v!~I(!
:'-....... 0' '( «ue !'l(!!" h) denn\s, rIt na sh1() in- pOl' la 1H'-e;:;el'\~flÎY'Îl d,: LI rio.,t!t""!za de :i\l~
:P ...., .~~ L ~...... 1:- {fI\'p:;r.tdn co pl'od.a.mas 0 dec!ar:sdùfs€!1 ~;(!~ mtu;'e:~ damlü nonmL'i· ~o!H'(> P(l~C;~ r I.;a;~l~
mej:l11t l;5i jle divcrsO$ lmi,ses: _. iiul.!:'Îlim;t.
E"I;j ))p.dafw;:16t~ no :;l~nmC!1 rlt)::'cOl\o. Enmérito {[.~ !;;'S' ef)fl?,l;jr:m{:i()n~:'> t!X~
dmlcnt\.i fi<~ l:\~ neet>R;lrjas Hrnitadone,~ al ptle-~,t<Hi vn(!~t.rll COmi~\Ùfl dl.; Relac[:)l1'!~,
ejt>,ôciv de J~, L\;}UerllnÎ<1 ."1. jl.lrlsdiceion E:eti'riores tient: d hm~«l' de' 1'l.'(:cH!H!i!>:,ht\>:'
itilhh:c1:!:'( TilH' 1::1 Derechü Int-ernHcÎcnal !'O,~ b nprnil;;d!)1) cid p~'orecto de ,lc\l~rrlo~
il (:1"0)' lM Plt;;O', îf1or;;utr: e 'ümf('n:ü\'\J. de qUe ~e trat,l en. Jo:;. 1 ~!:'mino:; ~n !'j.tlf? In
Il :r;,-1"~." th' la::. zQl\(~S :'<t'i,,.,t,\:td.a;; par<\ !it-- lm fl)tmuhH10 i:!l Ejt'wtiwl.
Il;;;\'~':' ;Ii! ~Q;;h,,; hl"; fI;.icjone!':, Sala ,fc ht ('omi:üùn ,\:'1 CI o,U;'(l9Jo dé':
Lli D~cl$.t;,id611 sohrc Pe:;qI.H!:rh\ rec(I· l'f}i'}.t,
mjt'Il<l,~ ;\ ~o, G,lÉû<>rivb l'<)pr!!:·,;:nt<Hlo~ eH Ay>rolmda ('1\ ;';\-;;;!Ùil fit! >,:,,1;1 ml:<nw ie. ..
b l 'ml\';-,:n:::i(i ÜI:',,~W:>,t,;"1 tt~ HI:1.~, ùq:n,· c};:.\, !r,\.,I(j h l'rt:<iflen"-l;t d'oll "f:[!C}l' CiJrr(!:l,
dr:H' Hl :;(1:' l'>'J.M<1.:-i t;i~l<l~ oe.eânlo\;; hli': y ,t'I)ll la (r~ii'll.!n\,'.i,\ Ü<' !(t~ ~:eiiMl';; Torré':1-
e"INl'l<lw'!": d~ biuh:1.l{ia nmrîllij éllie Sfim y RQ<lri!.tIlt:Y..-C C!)J'i'tn.----f, T(lrri',~,A-:L
m";~al'i'L< !)::lnl i.'~:t miiar h.\:< roh~l';!dflf!C,~
;> !'i:lIi"ri1 i,HTloll ~I>: las è;;l)~éie:; de rtli.Lyûr
... :tlrw i,Hmtllticio, Ç{)()r:.li!'lilr laI! im'e~tiR;I.
dnlli;,; ~:if'lliifk~,,,. j'l'fOf'>l:rldei' .;t hl c!HIM!r·
vati,)n ~!~ lv:; 'ré'r.Ul~D~ pes..)Hèros y C{lnce·
dltf ,H·,lnd~il!:i(Jiii!t; l'l;.ti"1 lli'!scn;j. en lmF. ",0·
lIa," p,,,fin:l'; .cmmdcJ t';lh'>, f:tena:'l no atenlt'lt
,<11(1 l'ri la mn"t.~r\'acii>1l de la:. cfipede"
y ~:t.i'n, m!~mà:;. dt~:\HIl~H{ai'i ai cou:'I.UmQ
!J<1d~ii:ll! () n !,nWtW\' dl! m{\t.rri~s pdmll.s
<I;;U" jndHstria:>.
[":1 ('cmn;m;.iùSl 9ubr~ f:egl;unelito pli ra
l:k fu~ml,: Il..; C",:a ~,fnriti!lm f~III!ls aifU;'\,~
{~t'l l'adfim SUI' tl!!l1i! .,J!(>F (,lJieto reglI1'
tnf'ut,i)' la t';!:l:I de h~ hl.\llena .<t fln de Îfn·
~,,,,!ir tIlle una exp'!iAndun lfltèn5i ... ·;~ l''uev
c:! pmdue1r la extintiàn ttmporat ;) ~e(·
fIlàlli,nll:' d;: ~"l;~ e~ptde: antm~l C,I)\i gra·
\'.~ l1lH j•l ll,t lQ• para la econoeda. d~ los ll:ll'
3e~ nd r'adfko Sllr. '
('nmiE':'!1;' rli:>!)of1.!doIH':.!I r<?'hth·,'1.~ id crm-
11'1>t de 1" Cu",·1 <' b ~', """.a ve ~;;.O$ c-at{l!;!eos, a ~uenetu:::
v), ya IDS !Ultee,edenteÈ ,que toda ~m·
5Irl:'~ l.ialli':lit:.ra debe cQm1!ni~.{3 r .a lI!. IH1-
{.'n./d,rlp;,: ..... 8~Ir-i'l'(t' nrl/':III' t, Sé'Cl'~'
tnrk:,
:/Sh,'i:lIi' ni: .r..~ (f'\I!.,-:/d\ m: l'n.\'.<rtIT.
rU}J, .II,~r{l'i.I r i:Hd3JU-:.,IT,1 f;f."I'.AII'I!
-10: :.; s" t,,, ,F I~ Uf 1:' l' .~ ('JO', r."I' i:' I.A >'".i lf.~ J!,~
!iF l'fI'l ,',.r"i," ,H p,\'1l1' rfTii .,~tlMII:· 1~!-:
i';:J.:~inx t,r f:";L~I>II" A.\:TI,":IWiAJ,f:':< r SHi
il) !-'W,II'If.'.'· iif, f. / ,lil!~.b r-f.~'A f .. f~X {!'I ,tU:·
1 .. lnl''; .4 Ul'l. j)/:Ul'rI,'i l,·f ,.~<"iil,nl r ii(lfiO
UOlw.ruhlt! SI:'ll<Hlt':
En i~Hmptimi(,l'li<) de ml ~r.tH:;rd;> de la
S~~la "'tle::\Î.n1 ('umisicH1 rl!! Constit.u,::16n,
Lëg-ii'$li~d(l!1, JU"Hcl8~' Rl?gh,mi.mlt) h:l
c(m:;.'iderano ,W ofî.à} de iH H0)1or:ù11e C~L
mar;~ i!(~ Dip.l.lm,fc;:l. ili;; ld:h'l 2:;3 de jHH~
;)]),1'0., lm li<; tad l:onmnk1l fIlle h:\ ti'niIÎ,o
, .' , " ,
;\ hÎi!n ~llll'(;h:H S;lS 1.'lH.\l<::!lni<!'\ md'il".I,!!'!-
il;~:'. p~l' ~1 S<!-llllîlü <lI pt'cye!.:t(! dE h'." lltle
k~Û;h sobrE' 10$ e~Ü\l~\1~ ,;llti3tX'1"le~ e
537
Annex 93
REpORT OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE CHILEAN SENATE
REGARDING THE PROJECT THAT PROPOSES THE ApPROVAL OF THE 1952
AGREEMENTS. ApPROVED IN SESSION OF 3 AUGUST 1954
(Sessions Diary of the Senate of Chile, 1954, pp. 1390-1391)
[ ... ]
In the Declaration on the Maritime Zone the Governments of Chile, Pern and Ecuador
proclaim as a norm of international maritime policy, the exclusive sovereignty and
jurisdiction that correspond to each one of the three nations over the sea along the coasts
of the respective countries to a minimum distance of two hundred nautical miles, as
weIl as the exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction over the seabed and subsoil that
correspond to the said zone.
[ ... ]
539
Annex 94
REpORT No. 41 OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE
CHILEAN DEPUTIES CHAMBER. ApPROVED IN SESSION
OF 31 AUGUST 1954
(Sessions Diary from the Chilean Deputies Chamber 1954, pp. 2960 - 2962)
540
CA\'fARA DE DJPUTADOS ... SESiON ST' OR.DINARIA .. 31 DE l\oos'ro nE 1954
jV. DOCUr..:lE;\fTOS nE LA CUENIA (P. ~~t)60 ... 2962::
No.4l inJbnnc: de la Comisi6n de T<.dncit)nc~Ext<::;inr«~
La COHl1s1cm d.e Rc.laeion:e" Exterioi"c:s pasa ri în.1~,nn;3.r el proyecto di:! acuerdo, de OfÎgCll
en un fvlensaj-e del Eji!.l:Ulivo, por.;;] cual se uprucb:>Jl 1&;;. Dn:!macjollcs ~:ob[t' Zoné'
':vlaritima y sohr.o Pwb!ema.s de kt Pt~Stp.tl;,~rla eu el Paçit1co Sm .. y 1<l'3 CütJvem:lone:i
sobre RcgbrnewJ.1para Fa:C11èl$ dc C~:,~a !vlarfÜma C:!1 Ü1:> ;,guas dd PacÎÜcn Slif y sobr;;:
Co~!yi$ll:Hl pelTflflfle.ni.t: de la Co.l1,fcre.nd3, suhscrüas por los Gübîenws di.è ChUe:. PtTÙ y
EClJ3dor .. èn ta Prhnera ConJerenda sobrçExplotaciôn 'j COElservaeion de las Rîquc/.as
l\J&X!l.in1aS de} Padlko SI.l1', cdchrada {:~n,:tgost>.l .. k! 952, ctl Sal.i.tiag(J de Chi.le.
Ln!:. t~studio:; que :::e j>.l';:1tticml en los Centroe; dc InH~;;tigiiü6n cnlO', pais~;; m;h
adel3niados scüaian ':lnc la poblaciôn dei fllundn <;reCt' C\)TI nn ribno siljJcrior al ck lti
]>rüdncciôn de alimentiJ$, it~tiÔrneno ésre. que ohliga a todü!i los Gobierni)~ ,1 ejerecr mm
cdns;;l. gt'~)ü6n pm,l pxeYt~nir !as condiciünes füiums c1c\'ida d<.~ :;us pw~bi.i.);; y <l::;cgunu'lcs
ln ir:cürpomdôn a sus econmni::ls cl\: 'todas h~ posihilidade~ que les ofreGc Su med.i.o
g~{~gràt1';:iJ'.
NUt:strü pai::; posee no s61(} las p;;:;!"sp(:l:!.iva;; del sue!ü cn ;su 'territono contiu>':'flutl ùno
posibmdad~:~ deriv~1.d.as de un Lipmvc.c.harnientu "j::;tcmf;ti<.:o y rilcion.;ü de lilS riqm:z.as
marinas d<.'ter:yünaü:3.,) por ilr! pî)sic.îôn ge()g~'iiika, trente al ma)"or Je los océomos i.èn 1.1))a
cxtcnslÔrl de 2,6DOmiibs en ta parte <.:mltinclw~1.
Ank CSÜt':' riquè'Z~jS m;.;.nrms Chile tiene elln1pemtivo de \:e:'!,tr p(!r su mantenimiel'lîü y·
:~illvagt:.arda. pl1racllyo e1'cclo dd-x:: adopwt !as medidas nece;;arias Jml"a que: e:n la rcg-iùn
o(~e3nica sôt:re la cual se cxtiendt: su sol">cranii;l. puedi:!. controlar 1alnt.(;~t!'e:r~:nçja. ,k
il1!t:te,ies cx:tmùoe; que, sin Wl{i. <I.ccîôn pre<iis(lf:3., podri::m p1,)VOCar, Cùfn(l ha ücurddn en
OU'a!:; rcglol):::s de] orbe. la exiinci6n Pt1llIHli.n.a 'Y const:3Jlte de csa~; te:;:::fva:; vitak';p;ln.~ d
ii.tÜ1rf.l de ~)!J pohlùd6n.
}\lwra bien, sc ha podido C$iabkcer que en la:'> agU:3s que hai'l<lrl nu:::stras costas. corno
lm; dd Pt:n': y dd Eeuadnr, se t~-~nna Url atnbit!1île biolùgJc<) especial constimido piX \.Hl
,'h,hk. desplm':.amknlo, a sahel': wm, dcsd<.: la Antârüen chi/ena Imc:::!. dFn,~tdor y OtT(1,
desde las grandes prof:.mdidades dd ocearw hacia la SUpi?rtk:ie COl1:t1gllil :3J (\)11iineni:e,
10 qu\: ju;:üfî(;;'! que lax toes Nttciül1ê.~ que e.i;;~.t'Ct~n ~;ob;.emnÜt y jUfÎsdic<::,i6n en la r;o~i:!.iôl1
que O(:JjjJi3 dicho mnbiente haya .adoptado ac:ncrdos qu\: p<.:rmitan },1 mC.lÙf, di::i.t:w';~j y
con:;e:ry~~ciùn de las riqtlc;:~as alli contcnida<;.
Adcmfl$ de 1n$ e::,pecies propifl~ de liîpesquer{a;) d~. {as pO:iibilidad\:'s i.è;-;.tractivas dd
suhsudo uhicadn bi~.lo las agua,; conün.cnüücs, Chilc, Pf:.fÙ y Eçu;idor "l'mseNI t'll la
reglùn citada un ;;ôlo criackro de cetàoem: delm:.màs diver:;os t1r!CJ~.
Lü=' do,> desj)laz.amknlO!i a que St: ha hcçho rt:fCfi.è!}l'i2\. oecibi::!l otras bcnéfka" ;;;.yudas
que tÎi:mkn u 11 l'omo \'0:1' 1a riqt1<':l.a b~,nel1t:m. E.n d~:ciO, tH cmn"nie. de Humb(,ldt
542
prece))to jntcfll~id'.mal fi;,~(.'On{jC;;:: pr(:Tcdenie.s: y tièm:: seri os fllndanlentos,mll:>:hne si ;ie
reCl:erda que orgnm;;;mn:; iuternnc10tiiile:; C0!11ü et Comité Juridico lnt,çramt~rb::·,mü y lil
('oml,;Ît'lil d.e fJeoecho fntemw::1.:\iîUi de la;: N'ic.lones l.Tn:iJas. h,m i~xpn~8a;jo la necesldnd
,J.i=' progrç'sar ,,'H la ':TWlç::\Ïa, 1rlcùfJxln'tndo fd p.dmitivo coti((:'piO, otro:> iendicntes a
(;:xl.ende:r 1,1 !':oher:m.i.a al mnr c:{)utigu{) (} al nli.ir cümpkmi:.~ntario y que en el hedlO nü es
~)îno, la jm) sùkciôJ} cüateniù~. en la fkdari:tciôn tri p,u'trIFl e:n relt:t"eTl.::.irl.
La D-;;:daradôn sohre Pesquedas :oecon,ii.:'nda a 10'5 Gobit:ro.os padante.$ organ;'",;;; en sus
costas <:;: islas {)ceànic,l:; i~IS cstacil.)nt:~: dç:: biologia mnrin,1 que .'iCiln !leCeSilrlaS pilra
i;stmli,:u la~wign:cit)flt;:~ y n;pr(ldtlGt~i6n de lm, E:sped;;:s de m.::))'ür ,,~dè!r ,ü~m;;:ntkio,
coordinar J;~s invt:;stigadünè~; clentlfî;;:.,~~:, propem,kr a: la t'ümr:rvaciôn de Jo'; mc.mso:::
pE:S~lneros y cQnced<::r bs .mk)fj;~Hçi(;lnes par;j pt:;;ca OE. ;;us :i'.onas nH,rinas cuan.cio tille"
tae::ws oc> ;;t:',,'J1l;t~n la cUl1servaejùn de la5 e.~pedes y estén, ü(.kmi:;, ,k:stinlida:s al
cntl::'UlYJO n;,ckm,aJ 0 a proveer de mutel'ia,; primas a :;us propin::: indusiria~.
L: C011H'ud6n !'lùbH' Regla1TlCl1lO pmïi las Faenas de Caxa l'vlaritim;.t en la::; aguas dd
l)rôfic<) SUl', sigui: las l'egu!a(.'lOli;;:~' de la CouH'oei6n d,,: Washingüm de f 946, con
iUlp(}rtam.es enmicnda:; y tit;·ne pm ol~,;et'l n::gh1me.m:lr la ca;:.il de 135 batlena, a 1)n i.k
imp,,'dir qtu:. unli explotaeiÔn inten:;iva pucda pmdl.lcir ta extiHt:j6n temporal !J
rK~rn,anente de e.sta i;;~s.peci:e con gril"i: perjui(:io pt'tl'a la el~,mùmi.:3. de los pabes del
Pad:tl\:o Sur. COTüil:'r11:' di:;'pi.r~k:iones oelativm: al control de la ca,,;,l de esLOS cetikeos: a
:::u. bl:'nd.iciù y [j los nntect~dei1k!s (tue toc!a empre,;a ballenerii deb,,' i,:omunicnr fi la
aUi(;rjdadoesp~:cü"a y a 11.~ C[fJ~)i:;i6n Per!ll;;il1t'nt,,~ oefelulws al nlum::ro de baHel13s
caz,~da';, i:!. la prodncciôn de;:I.ç,;:.il.,,:y demàs pt"0duClOS obtenldD:;,u la;,. e:;pecies. Sê:\.I..<S y
dünenslllnes de los cetà.;:(:ü~, etc,
Por ùlümo, hi C(ln .... t:ncién que (:<,,,a mm Cmnisiôn f-'<:;:rm.anente lk, laCOflkrençia :mbn~
conservaci6i1 yexplotaciôn de lm: tiqoe:.:,ac; n:mrirws dd P~jcOEco Sm', perrniür.'l qUt' un
gmpo di; pers\mews de Gidèt nno dt~ ln~Es!f!do::; panidp<Hlti.::~, v;;::!,;:. po;- la j1rcservuçi6n
de la nque.m de sus mares,. dando non:nas !iohre pesea, y ç~lza J))<witimas.
No esç:tlmrè al '-èriterio de !M ~t,ùore:; DîptmKJo:> y de li! opiniôn pùblica en, geni.:'l'al, la
iTnpmtanclf: qUt, revj~>,!"en lo~ in~itrw:nea!DS SI que !;;;: ha hccho rt~f(;fe!lcia, )' la r:(:cesicia(J
mgente de qUi! ChUe, üUJ1ubadol' ai:!!Vo d,;; dl!):;. 10, ratif':que a la l)H~vedad poslbk\
previa la aprobaciùn de! Cüngm~o N'JejOEI'lf. .Perù yn .los ha r"tlJ1cad(, y Fwac{of sc
f:'m:.uenlm en via;., de haçerl0. P<u'a 10:; tres r,~bes e<))l:;tituyen b ha;;;;: !hndawe.(l1;3j i..k 1:1
<.ktt~nS3 comén de las l'esen/as hî<.:aku!abh:~~ zk sus riquezas. ICrrfÜ)rin]cs prr!lnngada!i
1.asi,t donde la coniiguraeiôn mixma de sm; "llc1{J~ b.s exiiende hasta el molY qlle bai1« sus
eostas p,)r ncdôn fiflttu:al di': .~us proplos e'Îem"mo;;, Prccisamenk, e:; tst;~ dhmdnrneniO
tnù:; sôlido dcI legftimo dereeno que les asiSlt: para que,. corno rr,opietarjos ribemuc,s
è)xpl<)tcn y rCS~~rY:';lî panl supnl;lttôùn lns fi.qne~:as ci'·~"das C()H d e~fu<::rl.<) y pOl' ta
,WdÔll de ~m: pmpio8 medioiî. U, Comisi6n de Rda<:Îml;;::s Exteric~r(~s h~! podidü
aprechlr lm: Jnc,ikulables vc:nwjas qnt~ para los ir~~:: pni"t~s si.g.nifiçan 10;; A.cnerdris (;11
f<::ferencü) y, PI):r t'Il moti\ïJ yen mérito n b::. .d!.';:n!ils c.oJ):;üktaciones expucstas en eslt:
di;;.wmeH, pOl' la lmani.rnlda,} die S1.1.S mkmbms, !.\nJ!'dô recornendM Ji:!. ~probaciôn d.d
proyectü ri!:spect1\'o, rcdaetado <::1> ilJ~ mi:::mü;; térmi.nfls. pnYpBcstùs pOl' él H<morabk
Senado!, quc son lOB siguient~~s.~
543
Pmyeeto de Acucrdo
":'\rtinü() r.'.if!ico_, Apméhen:;e h,,:; ))cdni'3,~,i()n<::3i :>otJrt: lmm ,~"brüirna y ~;(JhH:'
Pmblt:n-;as de 13"Pesql.le;ia<;~n el PndJh:{> SUL y las COnVi:.~iKjom,~:: S{~bti~ Reglame:ntc< pf!1':l
ÜR~a;:t" de Cnz;;. :'vfaritim::: en las agu;Jc;; dd Pm,:iJl(:<) SHr y :;:obJ'e Cmmsi"'îfl P"'im,m~~ni(: tk
la Cotll~:rcncli!" sub:,crüas pÜ1" 10:; Gobierno:: z'k~ Chili:, Pcn~ y Ecnadot'. en Ja Pri.:nexa
Cm,ff:T{~flCia ~ül:)fé: EX'plota,-~i6n y (\!I1scr~;,«ci6n .:1,;: la~ H::qm:'l.n::; M!:i1lti;;:;j~l di:! P~ldfk()
Sm', (:\:~lebrada en :>g{)~t() de 195:!" <;'H Santiago de ChHe".
:'\cot"t"h":do t~ü. .~~si6n dt' J~'{:fUl 24 dt~l 'pn.~:~~entt:- C011 ~:gistencj-:.~ de lù:~ s~'!ll(}r<:;s C:r:sHJpiJS
(P:rcsidentc), GmJ:zùk,:, don Sergio. MalktMf:.!érH.'!cz. ,\:linmd'l, do:', HugQ; Rodrigl.~ez
J:hnc,w~rn:;, V ;;tldés LaiT~ûn y lùfiigu,
544
Annex 94
REpORT No. 41 OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE CHILEAN
DEPUTIES CHAMBER. ApPROVED IN SESSION OF 31 AUGUST 1954
(Sessions Diary from the Chilean Deputies Chamber 1954, pp. 2960 - 2962)
[ ... ]
By means of the first of these instruments [Declaration on the Maritime Zone], the
Governments of Chile, Peru and Ecuador proclaim, as a norm of international maritime
policy, the exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction that correspond to each one of the
three nations over the sea along the coasts of the respective countries to a minimum
distance of200 nautical miles, as weIl as the exclusive sovereignty and jurisdiction over
the seabed and subsoil that correspond to the said zone.
[ ... ]
545
Annex 95
OFFICIAL LETTER No. (M)-3-0-A/3 OF 7 FEBRUARY 1955 FROM
THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU, PP. 2, 4
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
....... ..-. _ _ ""' ...' o'Y .... _.-.......... ____ .............. __. '""
8~:'met:~: G::;r~~;f:[d.f~~~ s::~·-:::r·e
~p"n;j ~~a.r':it.i:7:r3 S1}S c-l'>.i t1)H
(~(:!'J Ch.llt~ ~~ E.f:ua.dc}~' ~,--~~
546
.,
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(;(y:!t:tF::t'nfj çn:~n·I.T;:l~~J.~:rr ~ EI :~~
GJ.~}N :8F ~~:y~~·~·t:_:~ .. :'rr!~ SC:~·~:?
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,:;0;] ?à~A LA ~~rf]/YTj;GrO-~~F D~~ L.~e
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i! RC1S c:~rL!~I:r~(J
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S3%om3~)t3 S<l'tJQts!J's~èi
SIG .
549
Annex 95
OFFICIAL LETTER No. (M)-3-0-A/3 OF 7 FEBRUARY 1955 FROM THE
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU, PP. 2, 4
(Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pern)
[ ... ]
The declaration on the maritime zone, the basic document of Santiago, on account ofits
simply declarative character, go es no further than proclaiming 'the extension of their
sovereignty and jurisdiction over the sea' by aIl three countries as a norm of their
international maritime policy.
[ ... ]
The Government believes the time has come to back the proclamation of Decree
No. 781 of 1 August 1947, and its ulterior international action in its execution, with the
legislative approval of its policy for the affirmation of sovereignty of Pern over its
Maritime Zone of 200 miles, by the ratification both of the Santiago Agreements of
1952 as weIl as of the Lima Conventions of 1954.
[ ... ]
551
Annex 96
REpORT OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS
OF PERU ON THE AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS SIGNED BY PERU,
CHILE AND ECUADOR IN SANTIAGO, ON 18 AUGUST 1952; AND IN
LIMA, 4 DECEMBER 1954
552
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555
Annex 96
REpORT OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS OF PERU
ON THE AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS SIGNED BY PERU, CHILE AND
ECUADOR IN SANTIAGO, ON 18 AUGUST 1952; AND IN LIMA,
4 DECEMBER 1954, PP. 1-2,8
[ ... ]
The main consideration is the fact that foreign fishing expeditions came to operate at
large sc ale in national territorial waters. That provoked that the government ofthat time
took the decision of proclaiming, by the means of a declarative act and in exercise of the
right to the conservation of our marine wealth, the national sovereignty in the terms and
scope contemplated in the above - mentioned Decree [Decree 781].
[ ... ]
The most relevant document is the declaration on the Maritime Zone, as the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs states in the Note attaching the said declaration, since it is a declarative
document and one that establish principles. This document de fines the international
maritime policy of the three signatory countries in accordance with its legislative
antecedents which are the grounds of the sovereignty andjurisdiction over the sea up to
a distance of 200 nautical miles from their coasts. This princip le, being solemnly
reaffirmed by the contracting parties, is extensive to the insular territory, according to
paragraph 40 of the declaration.
[ ... ]
557
Annex 97
DECLARATION OF THE HEAD OF THE CHILEAN DELEGATION
CONTAINED IN THE ACT OF THE CLOSING CEREMONY OF THE
CONFERENCE ON THE EXPLOITATION AND CONSERVATION OF
MARINE RESOURCES OF THE SOUTH P ACIFIC OF 19 AUGUST 1952
558
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559
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560
Annex 97
DECLARATION OF THE HEAD OF THE CHILEAN DELEGATION CONTAINED IN
THE ACT OF THE CLOSING CEREMONY OF THE CONFERENCE ON THE
EXPLOITATION AND CONSERVATION OF MARINE RESOURCES OF THE SOUTH
PACIFIC OF 19 AUGUST 1952
[ ... ]
In May of the CUITent year, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Pern pointed out that the
companies which, in their unlimited desire for gain, had contributed to destroy the
ichthyological resources of the coasts of California, escaping from the preventive and
conservational measures dictated by the President of the United States, had sent their
ships to the Pacific Ocean in South America to intensively extract tuna fish, thereby
placing this specie in danger of extinction and hampering the development of the incipient
Pernvian activities and industries, due to the unfair competition that they intend to practice.
[ ... ]
561
Annex 98
MEMORIA DEL MINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
(28 DE JULIO DE 1954 - 28 DE JULIO DE 1955).
LIMA, TALLERES GRAFICOS P. L. VILLANUEVA, 1955
562
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563
- 15-
NEGOCIA ClONES CON PANAMA
Enterada la Cancilleria que la mayar parte de los
barcoS de Onassis e~arbolaban ba~dera panamefi~, i~partiô
poecisas instruCClOl1eS ~1. EmbaJad~r .de la Repubh:a en
Panama a fin de que sahc:ltnse al IVImlstro de RelaclOnes
Exteriores de ese paîs que su Gobierno prohibiese a los
buques de su bandera el ejercicio de actividades de cazay
pesea en nuestra Zona Maritima sin autorizaci6n deI Ga~
bierno deI Peru. (Anexo N9 6.)
Dicha acci6n fué apoyada eficazmente par el Embajador
de C.hile en Panama quienJ en cumplimiento de instrucciones
de su Gobierno, hizo gestion similar.
Contemporâneamente, el senor Harmadio Arias en
representaci6n de los intereses de la expedici6n de Onassis,
me visito para solicitar permiso de caza para los barcos
panarnenos, a base de compensaciones para el Fisea y
para las ernpresas nacianales, gestion que no se concretô
por cuanto el Gabierno de PanamâJ sin responder formalmente
a la nota de nuestro Embajador, negoci6 verbalmente,
por media de la Embajada peruana y de su Embajador
en LimaJ primero, que Panama solicitarîa par escrito
permiso para sus naves; por ûltimo vari6 la gestion
en el sentido de que par consideraciones de orden arnistoso
se permitiera lisa y llanamente que la flatilla de Onassis
pudiera cazar entre las 15 y las 100 millas, reservando
cualquier actitud posteriorde Panama referente al reconodmiento
de nuestra soberanîa maritima, a los resultados
de los debates de las Naciones Unidas sobre las inidativas
que se han formulado en el sena de esa organizadon
m undial.
Esta propuesta era realmente inaceptable para la
Cancilleria peruana porque se le hacîa s6lo a ella sin con~
siderar à Chile y Ecuador y signlficaba someter la defini~
don y determinaciôn de la soberania deI Peru a un organismo
internacional cuya Asamblea, segun la Carta de
San Francisco, s610 esta facultada para hacer recomenda~
dones a los Gobiernos. Por]o demas, la reglamentaci6n
que ha estudiado y preparado la Comisi6n de Derecho 1nternacional
de las Naciones Unidas s610 puede ser norma
564
-16-
juridica positiva çuando cuente con la aprobadôn de todos
los Estados interesados.
Cabe setialar que desde el primer momento el Peru
manifesta su decidido proposito de hacer :respetar deI modo
mas efectivo su jurlsdicci6n.
El Gobierno de Panamâ, al contestar por escrito la
nota peruana, hizo presente que no podrîa imponer a buques
de su bandera el respeto a una posiciôn juridica que
la legislaci6n de su pais no contemplaba. (Anexo NO 7.)
No obstante, el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de
Panamâ, que concurri6 a la IX ASBlnblea de las Naciones
Unidas, presenta conjuntamente a los 'delegados deI Peru,
Chile y Ecuador, signatarios deI Acta de Santiago, una proposiciôn
para que otorgasen permiso de caza. y pesea en
la Zona Maritima de los tres paises. definida en ese instrumenta
international, a embarcaciones de pabe116n panameno,
dentro de condiciones especificas que serian las slguientes:
1) Panama se comprometia a gestionar ante las
companÎas que operaban barcos de bandera panameua que
los beneficios obtenidos dentro de las zonas maritimas establecidas
por los tres paises se distribuyesen a prorrata,
destinandose un porcentaje nomayor deI 400/0 deI producto
neta de la caza y de la pesea para ChUe, Perû y
Eeuadof, segLIn fuese la zona de operaciones.
2) Panama aceptaba la inspecci6n de sus bareos de
pesea.
3) Proponia la suscripc~6n de unacuerdo provisional
que tendrîa un ano de vigencia.
En esos momentos precisamente, se efeetuaban en
Santiago de Chile las sesiones de la Comlsiôn Permanente
de la Conferencia sobre Explotadôn y Conservaci6n de las
Riquezas Maritimas deI Pacifico Sur a las que concurrian
los tres paises por 10 que se acord6 concertar en dicha capital
las opiniones de cada uno sobre las condiciones espedales
en que se concederia el permiso 1:1 los bareos panametios
r habida cuenta de la tradicional amistad entre
eIlos y Panamâo
565
-17 -.
producida la unificaciôn de criterias; los tres GobiernoS,
por intermedio de sus representantes en las N aeiones
Unidas, manifestaron al Canciller pau81nefio que considerab
1 la propuesta como una base ùtil de discusiôn.
CAPTURA DE LOS BANCOS DE ONASSIS
TaI era el estado de las negociaciones con Panama
cuando sorp:resivamente las agendas tloticiosas trasmitieron
hirientes y sarcasticas decIaraciones de dos representantes
de Onassis en el sentido de que sus bareos habîan
realizado una exceiente caza en las costas peruanas. (Anexo
NO 8.)
Al dia siguientet 15 de noviembre, los destructores de
la Armada deI Peru HA..guirre H y "Rodriguez" capturaron
a 126 millas de Punta Aguja, frente a Mâncora, a los buques
cazadoresHOlympic Vietor NQ 1011 Y "Olympie Lightning
NQ 12" qua fueron sorprendidos cazando ballenas. El
16 Y 17 se efectuo la detenci6n deI "Olympie Fighter NQ
5", deI "Olympie Conqueror NO T' Y deI buque-factorîa
"Olympie Challenger", siendo conducidos bajo vigilaneia
de las unidades mencionadas al puerto de Paita, donde
quedaron deteniclos. (Anexo Nil 9.)
En esos momentos lleg6 a Lima el abogadopanamefio
doctor Roberto Arias quien realizo gestiones privadas
en nombre de Onassis, opinando que el sometimiento a los
tribunales naciQnales era la via posible de disctlsi6n legal.
IN'I'ERVENCION DE LA GRAN BRET AN A
El 19 de noviembre la Embajada de Gran Bretafia
entregô a la Cancilleria una nota en la que se manifesta:ba
la preocupaci6n deI Gobierno de Su Majestad par los perjuicios
que pudiera irrogar a intereses britânicos, aseguradores
de los buques, la detenci6n de los barcos y la reserva
deI derecho de apoyar cualquiera redamadôn para
resarcir los dafias sufridos por los aseguradores :ingleses.
Por nota de 25 deI mismomes rechacé esaintervenciôn
expresando que el Gobierno deI Perù no podia acep566
- 19-
FELIerr AcrON DEL CANCILLER DE CHILE
El 15 de diciembre recibi un expresivo cablegrama
del Excmo. senor Roberto Aldunate Le6n, l\;finistro de Relaciones
Exteriores de ChUe, congratulando al Gçbierno
deI Perû por eléxito obtenido en la afirmaci6n de suso·
berania maritima, que me fué grato respollder en cordiales
términos, agradeciendo la solidaridad del Gobierno de
Chile con el Peru. (Anexo NQ 12.)
REUNION DE LA COMISION PERMANENTE DE LA CONFERSNCIASOBRE
EXPLOTACION y CONSERVACION DE LAS
R,lQUEZAS MARITIMAS DEL PACIFICO SUR
El Gobierno de ChUe en atenci6na comunicaciones
recibidas de las Embajadas de Estados Unfdos y Gran
Brefafia sobre la Dedaraci6nde Zona Maritima de 1952
y a la existenda dé otras problemas relacionadoscon los
demas acuerons de Santiago, considera necesario conva'"
car, para la primera semana de octuhre~ a la ComÎsiôn
Permanente de la Conferenda, ofredendo a Santiago camo
secte.
El Gobierno deI Perû di6 su conformidada la jnicia~
tiva ehilena, considerando que ers. necesario reafirmar y
aplicar los principios y reglas establecidos en la Declaradon
de Santiago de 1952 Y en otros acuerqos de la misma
Conferencia. (Anexo NQ 13.)
Dicha reunion serealiz6entre el 4 y el 8 de octubre
y ademas deI Peru, Chile y Ecuadof,cont6 con la presenciaJ
en caIidad de observadores, de El Salvador, Colombia,
Costa Rica y Cuba. Tuvo a su cargo la consideraciôn de
los siguientes puntos deI ternario preparado al efecta:
19-5istema. legal uniforme de sanciones e infracdones
que se cometan dentro de las jurisdiccionss maritimes
de los respectivos paises.
20-0rganizaci6n de oficinas técnicas. quepuedan
servir como Secretarias de la Comisi6nPerrnanente.
3Ç1-Incorporad6n de la explotaci6n de la riqueza
maritima a la explotaci6n industrial-minera-agrîcola.
567
CAsa DE LOS PESQtJEROS NORTEAMERICANOS "T'ONY BAY"
"'i' "WESTERN CLIPPE.R" ~
El 19 de enero llegar<.m al Calh~o:: de arribada forz()~
sa el hareo frigorifico "Tonv Hav" 'l el uesquero >'\Ves~
te~n' Clipper", 8rnhos de bandeïa ;10-rtearn~rk<"~na.
Al procede:rse a la inspec:ci6n de las dos naves) de
conformidad cOn lodispuesto en el .Reglarnen.to de Caplta-nias,
no s610 se encontro en. el primero de ]OS nombrado~:;
350 toneladas de Htùn t;ino qlH.~ en su DiHrio de Bitacüra
se registra.ba una perm~H.1enda de dos dîas il la derivH;
trente a Cabo Blanco y a tres :miHas y Inedb (le ta playa,
d~]nde durante todo ese tiernpo estuvo recibü:.mdo (k:l
"V;/estern Clipper" el producto de su pestEl,
Comprobadas pOl' el Capità:n de Puerto deI Callao
1l as l•U .'f " raccsones a "lo s artl"::::uÎ,.O s ',')"0 I"<~' ~ ,...,.~,.,.' '1 I~ . 1 ... )~), / Dl') }' 1 t> l de · ... .egi.B.~
rnento de Capit1i:ulÎas l:rnpm~o solidariamente a los capitanes
John Bez y Nick 'Trutamichjel pago de l1ni;t rnulta de
dncomil dùlares [) su b'q i.ll\talente en soIesperuanos qUt~
dehiu :b.a.cerse efectiva en unplazo dt;~ C1l1('O dia.~;: (lue ven~
da el 29. Dicho dia se aperEwnô el caphàn Bez a la Oflcina
de la CHja de Dep6sitos y Conslgnac,io:nes deI Callao
y en.tn:~g6 la surus. correspondlt:mte, después de 10 c:ual los
pesqueros quedaron en conlpleta liberta.d.
La Embajada de los Estados U:nidos presentô una
nota de protesta con los argumentos del Gobierno l:1():rte·.
:':tmericano que fué n:spondida por la C<~nc!ll.eria y en la
que expuse las s6lidas razones de la posidôn peruEoa.,
(Anexo NQ 16.)
CASO DE LOS OCHO TUNA CLIPPEl<S NORTEAME1~lCANOS
E'l 18' d.::. fplJt""'r' 0 ln" ,.;J"'''tr'·'c, tore" "R;"··''''~rJ·;{)'1.1'::'·>·~' ":' "'I)I,/f.,-,,, - ~ ,--", "-" • l:-: . '-", .... -.;:T "J., ....... " t..e. ".~~ '.......ri;,.J. " '.b '. ,~_..:... '} .... '~"-!'.C{
riscal C.astill,a" sorprendieroll a una floti.1h:! "de dièôoeh:')
pesquero8~ de pabellôn norteamericatlo, que s~ ,~.nc:~).~;).t.r.:~iban
pescando a veinte m.m.as de la costa:: ;:rpresfindo ;;:· ... Qcho
dé el1o~~ y fugando :el resto.
Esos barcos navegaban en la noche, hasta a unamiHa
del litoral paril pescar a:':e!:~Dvetas; que~ cOIno es s;:~hi.,
568
....... 24--
do, es la carnada ïrlncipal para la pesca ciel atùn. Los
buques detenidos y Uevadosa Talara fuer(ln los siguien~
tes; "Sea. King>" "I\tfiss University'l, "Alaska Rieffer'\ "Ar·
tic Maicl'\ uMarsha Annr" "Stanford", ~~Santa Ann" y
"lVrem1aidl!, este ùH:lmo frigorifico y que actuaba como
madrina de la flotiIla. Solamente tres de ellos habi8n re·
cabado la licencia de las auto rida des ll1aritirnas peruanas
para pescar en la Zona :rvlaritima dei Peru.
La Capitanîa de Puerto de Talara fijô la suma de
dos mil dncuenta dôlares por concepto de detechos de ex~
portaciôn par las 250 tone1adas de pescado tornada sin licencia,
que fué abonada por el represèntante de los pes~
queros el dîa 20.
AUTORIZACION A BAl~COS EXTRAN]EROS PARA PEBCAR EN
LA ZONA MARITIMA DEL PERU
Como lura prueba evidente de qu·e el régimen juridih
co deI Peru. en su Zona Ivlaritlma no excluye la concurren·
da de bÈu'cos de bandera extranjera que se dediquen a la
pesca dentro deI dominio maritimo deI Perù~ el lYlinisten
rio de IVlarina concedi6 la Hutarlzad6n perttr:ente a cuatro
buques de pabe116n norteamericano mientras se dicta
el Reglamento pars el otorgamiento de permisos de caza y
pesea marinas que estâ elaborando la Secci6n Peruana de
la Comisi6n Permanente de la Confewnda sobre ExpIataelon
y Conservaciôn de las Riquezas Maritimas deI Pa~
cifico Sur. (Anexa N9 17.)
RgSPUESTA CONJUNTA DEL PERU, CI-IlLE Y ECUADOR A
LAS Nü'r AS DE RESERVA SOBRE LAS DOSCIENTASMILLAS
Desde ,la rounion en Santiago en octubre de 1954 de
la. Comisi6n Permanente de la Conferencia sobre Explo~
taci6n y Conservad6n de las Rlquezas Madtimas deI Pa,...
dfico Sur, habbn convenido Per~ ChUe y Ecuador en dar
respuesta. conjunta a las notas de reserva sobrè la Declaradon
de Santiago de 1952 presentadas por Dinamarca)
Estados Unidos, Gran Bretana, Holands, Noruega y Suede,
569
- 25-
por e80, uno de los puntos del temario de la II Conferenda
de Explotaci6n y Conservaciôn de las Riquezas
Marîtimas deI Pacifieo Sur realizada en Limacomprendi6
el trabajo mancomunado de redacci6n a fin de ofrecer un
frente camun y solidario de los tres paises.
Después de un prolangado y 'exhaustivo estudio y
cambio de puntos de vista, se llegô fi elaborar un texto que
fué aprobado par los tres gobiernos, los que, en forma 1ndividual
pero simultâne8, entregaron la respuesta el 12 de
abril, a los representantes diplomaticos de los paf ses mencionados.
(Anexo NÇI 18.)
APROBACION POR EL CONGRESO DELPERU DE LOS TRAT ADOS
SUSCRITOS EN SANTIAGO Y LIMA
El Gobierno remiti6 oportunamente al Congreso para
su aprobaci6n, de acuerdo con la Constituci6n Polîtica deI
Estado, los tratados suscritos en la l y II Conferencia de
Explotaci6n y Conservaci6n de las Riquezas Marîtimas
deI Padfico Sur celebradasen Santiago de ChUe y Lima,
respectivamente, en 1952 y en 1954. (Anexo NQ 19.)
El Congreso, por Resoluci6n Legislativa NQ 12305,
de 10 de mayo de 1955 aprob6 todos los tratados. (Ane.,
xoNQ 20.)
CONFERENCIA TECNICA INTERNACIONAL PARA LA CONSERVAC1QN
DE LOS RECURSOS VIVOS DEL MAR
La Organizaciân para la Agricultura y Alimentaci6n
de las Naciones Unidas (FAO), cumpliendo un acuerdo de
la Asamblea General de las Nadones Unidas convoc6 en
Roma la Conferencia Técnica InternacionaI para la Conservaci6n
de los Recursos Vivos deI Mar, que se celebrô
entre el 18 de abril y el 10 de maya.
El Peru quernarttiene permanentemente su Înterés
y atenci6n en todos los problemas relacionados con el mar
acredit6 una delegaciôn que fué presidida por el doctor
Diomedes Arias Schreiber,Embajador de la RepûbHca
cereB de la Santa Sede, e integrada par el Contralmiran570
- 27-
VotaI'on en contra de la mociôn de Noruega: Cuba,
México, Argentina, Australia, Brasil, Chile,Colom?iar Cc:sta
Riea, Ecuaaor, El Salv~dor, Guatemala, I,slandIa, Indla,
Indonesia, Corsa, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay y
Yugoeslavia. .,. . .
Votaron a favor: Canada, Dmamarca, Egrpto, Francia,
Alemania, Grecia, Israel, Italia, Jap6I'J.~ lVlônaco, Rolanda,
Noruega, Polonia, Portugal, Espafia~ Suecia, Turquia,
Africa deI Sur, Union Soviética, Gran Bretana y Es-tados
U nidos.
Se abstuvieron China, Honduras y Nicaragua.
La delegaci6n peruana hiza constar oportunamente
sus reservas al informe final de la Conferencia en las partes
en que discrepa de la posiciôn deI Perû. (Anexo NQ
21.)
PROPUESTA NORTEAMERICANA SOBRE AGUAS JURISDICCIONALES
YCONSERVACION DE ESPECIES MARITIMAS
El 25 de abril, el Embajador de Jas Estados Unidos en
el Ecuador presentô a la Cancilleria de ese pais una pro~
puesta de sugobierno a fin de someter la diferencia sobre
soberania marîtima a la Corte Internadonal de Justicia
y suscribir un convenio para la cQIlServaciôncle las
espedes maritimas y un modus opetandf por el que ambes
partes) reservandose sus derechos, se comprometieran a no
recurrir a medidas de fuerza para respaldarlos.
El Gobierno deI Ecuador consulta al Peru y Chile sa.,.
bre la propuesta norteamericana y se convino, de aeuerdo
con los tratadas existentes, en que la negodaci6n dehia
abarcat a los trespaises los que fijaron el 16 de maya
camo fecha de una reuni6n en Santiago de Chile para uniformar
criterios.
Al mismo tiempo, la E111bajada norteamerÏcana en
Santiago hacia idéntica propuesta al de Chile y la mlsiôn
diplomâticade aquel pais en Lima planteaba similar oferta
al Peru.
Previarnente, la Embajada de los Estados Unidos ha~
bia remitido a la Cancilleria,con nota, un rnemorândum
571
NOTES EXCHANGED BY THE AMBASSADOR OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
AND THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU (Po 148)
·:~~:!·l .t~~~·;:.:.~~:~t~::si:> .~}~~ .:k~~:~:L:;;~~h>::~~)~:· l~~:~i~:;~~~~;:<~~~:!~
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572
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573
TEXT OF THE NOTES EXCHANGED BY THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF
PERU AND THE EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES, REGARDING THE FINE
IMPOSED TO AMERICAN FISHING VESSELS (Po 176)
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574
PERUVIAN REPLY TO THE PROPOSAL MADE BY THE UNITED STATES
(Po 279)
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575
Annex 98
MEMORIA DEL MINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
(28 DE JULIO DE 1954 - 28 DE JULIO DE 1955).
LIMA, TALLERES GRAFICOS P. L. VILLANUEVA, 1955
N egotiations with Panama
(pp. 15-17)
As soon as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became aware that most of the Onassis
fleet was sailing under Panamanian flag, precise instructions were imparted to the
[Peruvian] Ambassador to Panama, in order for him to request the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of that country that his Government forbid craft under Panamanian flag to hunt
and fish in our Maritime Zone without prior authorization by the Peruvian Government
(Annex Number 6).
This determination was effectively backed by the ChileanAmbassador to Panama
who, in compliance with instructions from his Government, made a similar request.
At the same time, Mr. Harmodio Arias -in representation of the interests of the
Onassis expedition- paid me a visit to ask for a hunting permit for the Panamanian
vessels, on the grounds of compensations to the Exchequer and national enterprises.
The negotiation was never completed insofar the Government of Panama, without
responding formally to the note by our Ambassador, verbally agreed -by way of the
Peruvian Embassy and its Ambassador in Lima- to, on the one hand, request a written
permit for its ships; and, on the other, alter the procedure so that, in a friendly spirit, the
Onassis fleet should be allowed to hunt within the 15 and 100 offshore miles, reserving
any later stand taken by Panama on the matter of acknowledging our maritime sovereignty
to what results might be shed by debates at the United Nations.
This proposaI was really unacceptable for the Peruvian Ministry ofForeignAffairs,
because it applied only to itself and not to Chile and Ecuador equally, and implied
submitting the definition and determination of Peruvian sovereignty to an international
576
organization the Assembly of which can only make suggestions to Governments, as
established by the San Francisco Charter. Furthermore, the regulations which the
International Law Commission at the United Nations had studied and prepared could
only serve as a positive juridical norm there where the approval of aIl interested States
was attained.
It should be mentioned that from the very start, Peru expressed its determination
to have its jurisdiction effectively respected.
In presenting its written response, the Government of Panama asserted it could
not impose respect for a juridical position that their country failed to contemplate to
ships of its flag (Annex Number 7).
That notwithstanding, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Panama, who attended
the IXAssembly of the United Nations, presented the delegates ofPeru, Chi le and Ecuador
-that is to say, the signatories of the Declaration of Santiago - with the proposaI that, as
established by said international instrument, aIl three countries should grant hunting
and fishing permits in their Maritime Zones to vessels sailing under Panamanian flag, in
observance of the specific conditions which foIlow:
1) That Panama commit to negotiating with companies operating under Panamanian
flag that the benefits obtained within the maritime zones established by the three
countries be distributed prorate, assigning a percentage of no more than 40% of
the net produce of the hunting and fishing to Chile, Peru and Ecuador, according
to the zone of operations.
2) That Panama accept the inspection of its fishing craft.
3) That a provisional agreement of one year's validity be subscribed.
Precisely at that time, the sessions of the Permanent Commission of the Conference on
the Exploitation and Conservation of Marine Resorces of the South Pacific were being
held in Santiago de Chile, with aIl three countries attending, so that it was decided that
advantage should be taken of this situation to hear the opinions each of the member
countries had concerning the special conditions in which the permits to Panamanian
vessels should be granted, given their traditional amity with Panama.
Once uniformity in criteria was achieved, aIl three Governments, by way of their
United Nations representatives, conveyed to the Panamanian Minister ofForeignAffairs
that they considered his proposaI as a use fuI basis for discussion.
Seizure of the Onassis fleet
(p. 17)
577
Such was the state of negotiations with Panama when, quite surprisingly, news
agencies broadcast hurtful and sarcastic declarations issued by two Onassis
representatives, to the effect that their ships had performed an excellent hunt on Peruvian
shores (Annex Number 8).
The next day, on N ovember 15, the Peruvian destroyers "Aguirre" and "Rodriguez"
seized the whaling vessels "Olympic Victor Number 10" and "Olympic Lightning Number
12", caught inflagrante de/icto 126 miles offPuntaAguja, facing Mancora. On November
16 and 17, the "Olympic Fighter Number 5", "Olympic Conqueror Number 7", as weIl
as the "Olympic Challenger" factory ship were seized, being led, under the surveillance
of the aforementioned units, to the Port of Paita, where they were detained (Annex
Number 9).
At this time, the Panamanian lawyer Dr. Roberto Arias arrived in Lima and
conducted private negotiations on Onassis' behalf, considering that submission to national
courts was the best possible path towards legal engagement.
The intervention of Great Britain
On N ovember 19, the British Embassy extended a note to the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, wherein it conveyed the concern ofHer Majesty's Government for the damages
the seizure of the [Onassis] ships might entail to British interests; insofar they were the
craft's insurers. Great Britain thus reserved its right to support whatever claim was best
oriented towards mending the damages incurred by the English insurers.
By a note presented on the 2yh of that same month, 1 rejected said intervention,
expressing that the Government of Peru could not accept reservations or claims for the
procedures adopted in the protection of national sovereignty (Annex Number 10).
[ ... ]
A congratulation from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile
(p. 19)
On December 15,1 received an expressive cable from His Excellency, Mr. Roberto
Aldunate Le6n, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Chile, congratulating the Government
578
of Peru for its success in affirming its maritime sovereignty. 1 was glad to respond to it
in equally cordial terms, thanking him for the support that Chile's Government had
afforded Peru with (Annex Number 12).
Meeting ofthe Permanent Commission ofthe Conference on the Exploitation and
Conservation of Marine Resources of the South Pacific
In attending to communications by the Embassies of the United States and Great
Britain concerning the Declaration on the Maritime Zone of 1952, as weIl as the existence
of problems related to the other Santiago agreements, the Chilean Government deemed
it necessary to summon the Permanent Commission of the Conference for the first week
of October, offering Santiago as its site.
The Peruvian Government complied with the Chilean initiative, thinking it necessary
to reaffirm and apply the principles and rules established by the 1952 Declaration of
Santiago and other agreements ofthat same Conference (Annex Number 13).
The meeting was held between October 4 and 8 and counted with the presence not
just of Peru, Chile and Ecuador, but also of El Salvador, Colombia, Costa Rica and
Cuba as observers.
[ ... ]
The "Tony Bay" and "Western Clipper"
(p. 23)
On January 19, the cold-storage vessel "Tony Bay" and fishing craft "Western
Clipper", both sailing under American flag, performed a forced arrivaI in the Port of El
Callao.
Upon carrying out the inspection ofboth ships in compliance with the dispositions
oflocal Port Authority Regulations, 350 tons oftuna were found, and a stay oftwo days
adrift before the shores of Cabo Blanco -three and a half miles from the beach- was
confirmed as having been registered in the logbook, with the "Western Clipper" having
been set to receive that catch of fishery.
The infractions of articles 733, 766 and 767 of the Port Authority Regulation were
verified by the Port Captain of Callao, who jointly imposed a fee offive thousand dollars
579
or their equivalent in Peruvian currency to captains John Bez and Nick Trutamich, to be
paid within five days, expiring on the 29th of that same month. On that date, captain Bez
presented himself at the Office for Deposits and Consignments of Callao and paid the
corresponding amount, after which the vessels were released.
The American Embassy advanced a note of prote st with the arguments of the
American Government, which was fittingly answered by the Chancellery with the
exposure of the solid reasons used to back the Peruvian position (Annex Number 16)
The case of the eight American tuna clippers
(pp. 23-24)
On February 18, the Peruvian destroyers "Rodriguez" and "Mariscal Castilla"
surprised a fleet of 18 fishing craft sailing under American flag and found fishing twenty
miles offshore. Eight of them were seized, while the remaining fled.
These ships were sailing up to a mile from the shore at night in order to fish
anchovy, which, as is known, is the main bait for tuna. The seized ships, which were
taken to Talara, were the "Sea King", "Miss University", the "Alaska Rieffer", the "Artic
Maid", "Marsha Ann", "Stanford", "Santa Ann" and the "Mermaid", the last being a
cold-storage vessel which served as mother-ship to the fleet. Only three of these craft
had obtained the fishing permit extended by Peruvian marine authorities to fish within
the Maritime Zone of Peru.
The Port Authority at Talara set a sanction oftwo thousand five hundred dollars in
the quality of exportation rights or the 250 tons of fish taken without a license, with the
fee being paid by the fishermen' s representative on the 20th
•
Authorization for foreign craft to fish in the Maritime Zone of Peru
(p. 24)
As evidence that the juridical regime of Peru over its Maritime Zone did not by
any means exclude the concurrence of ships under foreign flag from operating within
the Peruvian maritime domain, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs bestowed the pertinent
permission to four American craft even as the Regulation for the granting of hunting
and fishing permits was being prepared by the Peruvian Section before the Permanent
580
Commission of the Conference on the Exploitation and Conservation of Marine
Resources of the South Pacific (Annex Number 17).
Joint response of Peru, Chile and Ecuador to the notes of reservation on the twohundred
miles
(pp. 24-25)
Since the October 1954 meeting of the Permanent Commission of the Conference
on the Exploitation and Conservation of the Marine Resources of the South Pacific in
Santiago, Pern, Chile and Ecuador had agreed to present ajoint response to the notes of
reservation on the Declaration of Santiago issued by Denmark, the United States, Great
Britain, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.
Hence, one of the points on the agenda of the II Conference on the Exploitation
and Conservation of the Marine Resources of the South Pacific held in Lima involved
joint work on its composition, in order to present a common and supportive front for aIl
three countries.
F oIlowing a long and detailed analysis and exchange of points of view, a text was
prepared and approved by aIl three governments, each of which, both individuaIly and
simultaneously, presented the answer to the diplomatic representatives of the aforesaid
countries on April 12 (Anne x Number 18).
[ ... ]
American proposaI on jurisdictionai waters and the preservation ofmarine species
(p. 27)
On April 25, the Ambassador of the United Stated in Ecuador presented to the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofthis country with a proposaI, issued by his government, to
submit discrepancies on maritime sovereignty to the International Court of Justice and
establish an agreement for the conservation of marine species, jointly with a modus
operandi to have both parts commit to not back their measures through force, aIl whilst
respecting their respective rights.
The Government of Ecuador consulted Pern and Chile on the American proposaI
and it was agreed that, according to extant treaties, negotiations should comprise aIl
581
three countries. A meeting for the unification of criteria was summoned in Santiago de
Chile for May 16th
•
Simultaneously, the American Embassy in Santiago advanced an identical proposaI
to Chile; and the selfsame actions were undertaken by the American diplomatic mission
in Lima.
Notes exchanged by the Ambassador of the United Kingdom and the Minister of
Foreign Affairs of Peru (p. 148)
The procedures and attitude assumed by Pern with regard to Onassis are acts of
sovereignty in relation to which my [Pernvian] Government cannot accept any
reservations or complaints.
Text of the Notes exchanged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru and the
Em bassy of the United States, regarding the fine imposed to American fishing vesseis
(p. 176)
The criterion of Pern for the determination of the Maritime Zone is different and
it does not correspond to necessities of military or police nature, but to the defence of a
richness useful to mankind, that is found in maritime area adjacent to its territ ory and
incorporated to national wealth by virtue of nature.
Peruvian reply to the proposaI made by the United States (p. 279)
ln our opinion, it is not a dispute, but a difference in the appreciation on aspects
still undefined in intemationallaw, which are yet at a developing stage.
583
Annex 99
MEMORIA DEL MINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
(28 DE JULIO DE 1955 - 28 DE JULIO DE 1956).
LIMA, TALLERES GRAFICOS P. L. VILLANUEVA, 1956
584
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1
28 de Julio de 1955
28 de Julio de 1956
LllviA·~ PERU . -. . . .
585
-12-
NEGOCIACIONES CUADRIPARTITAS DE SANTIAGO
El 14 de setiembre de 1954, en el local deI Ministerio
de Relaciones Exteriores de ChUe, se efectuô la inauguracion
solemne de las negociaciones entre el Perû, ChUe y
, Ecuador con los Estados Unidos de América sobre problemas
de las pesquerias en el Pacîfico Sur Oriental. En dicha
ceremonia el Delegado deI PerU, en el discurso que pronunci6,
precisa el espiritu cordial con que se concurria a clichas
negociaciones. (Anexo NÇl 2).
La iniciaci6n de las mÎsmas habia estado precedida de
un cambio de notas con la Embajada de los Estados Unidos
sobre el que informa la Memoria deI daetoT Aguilar. En la
586
-13-
ultima de ellas, 3 de junio de 1955, el Gobierno deI Peru
habîa manifestado su disposici6n a entablar en comûn con
los de ChUe y Ecuador Hlas negociaciones insinuadas y considerera
con el mayor interés las proposiciones que formulare
el Gobierno de los Estados Unidos en orden a concertar
acuerdos destînados tanta a la utilizaci6n y conservaci6n
de las riquezas de la zona maritima establecida por la Dedaraciôn
de Santiago de 1952, camo el desarroll0 de los
estudios cientificos y técnicos para el mismo fin". A esta nota
la Embajada de los Estados Unidos de Arnérica diô respuesta
con fecha 9 de julio manifestando su disposici6n a
nagadar "una convenci6n sobre pesquerîas adecuada, que
disponga la cooperaci6n en las investigaciones y, cuando sea
necesario, la regulaci6n de la pese a respecta de espedes de
pesea de interés comûn para Chile, Ecuador, Peru y Estados
Unidos de América".
Por 10 manifestadoen este pârrafo se trasluce
una de las cuestiones de caracter técnico que serian mas
controvertidas durante las negociaciones a celebrars8, ya
que los Estados Unidos propiciaban la celebraci6n de un
convenio para la conservaci6n de determinadas especîes,
en cualquier parte en que se encuentren, amparandose en
una teorîa sobre la identidad de los Hstocks" de peces de una
misrna especie, que no ha sida comprobada cientificamente.
En cambio, los paises deI Padfico Sur habian dejado
conoeer c1aramente su inferés en la conservaciôn de las riqU8zas
de la Zona Marîtima, sobre la totaHdad de dicha
riqueza 0 sea el bien particular de la regi6n.
En la misma nota arnericana se bacta referencia a
las conclusiones técnicas de la Conferencia de Roma sobre
Conservaciôn de lbs Recursos Vivos deI Mar y se sefialaba
los lineamientos generales de un posible convenio limitado
exc1usivamente a la cOflservaci6n. El criteria de los
paises deI Pacifieo Sur era mas amplio: pues contemplaba
las posibilidades de un canvenio de conservaci6n y de pesca
en forma que "evitase la repeticiôn de los incidentes ocurridos,
que habian motivado el cambio de notas, y la iniciativa
de las negodaciones. No obstante estas divergendas
ya aparentes se deddiôrealizar las conversacÎones con
la esperanza de que en ellas por una mutua comprensiôn
587
-14-
de las, respectivas posiciones e intereses fuera pasible lIegar
a un ~cuerda realmente constructivo.
La Delegaci6n americana al principio se limité a pre- .
sentar un plan de trabajo de la conferencia par el que pri~
mera se considerarlan los problernas principales de conservaci6n
en el Pacifico sureste, de interés para los participantes;
en segundo térrnino los tipos y medîdas de procedimientos
aprovechables para la cOl?servaciân y par ûltimo
el tipa de acuerda mâs conveniente para la soluci6n de tales
problemas da conservaciôn. (Anexo NQ 2-A).
Por su parte los paises deI Pacifico Sur hicîeron valer
que las negaciaciones se debian a iniciativa de los Estados
Unidos y que por la tanto les correspondia presentar proposicianes
concretas que sirvieran de base a las negociacio'nes.
En este mismo documenta se aludia a los incidentes
producîdos frente a nuestras costas y se expresaba el cleseo
de que esta situaci6n fuese considerada en el proyecto de
acuerdo para evitar su repeticion. Asi se acentuaba la necesidad
de un convenio mas amplio que no se refiriese sôl0
a la conservaci6n, sino que comprendiese el aspecta de la
pesea, uniea forma de evitar conflîctos futuros sin abdicar
de nuestros principios juridicos. (Anexo N9 2-B).
Después de largo debate la delegaci6n americana
aceptô presentar proposiciones concretas y al efecto entregaron
varias docuffi·entos. Los primeras de caracter técnico
hacen la defensa deI criteria americano de proceder
s610 a la conservacién de una deterrninada espeeie, en este
caso, el atûn, precisando el términa "stock" y sosteniendo
que los atunes que se pescan en todo el Pacîfico Oriental
pertenecen al mismo Hstock", (Anexo NQ 2-C. U.S.A. Doc.
Nos. 2 a 7),
S610 en el ûltimo de los documentos se hacen proposi.,.
ciones concretas sobre el convenio que someten negociarJ
por el que se estableceria una Cornisi6n Mixta que 'propondrta
a la consideraci6n de los Estados las medidas de conservaCÎôn
aplicables a determinada espede. Los Estados
harian efectivas estas medidas en cuanto a sus propios nadonales
y cooperarianen el mantenimiento de la vigilanciao
Toda dificultad que surgierase sorneteria al arbitraje
obligatario. Aparentemente inofensivo ,en si, este proyecto
588
-15-
desconocîa totalmente el prindpio jurîdico sostenido por los
firmantes de la Dedaraciân de Santiago, al establecer que
la jurisdicciôn de estas paises sobre su Zona l\rIarîtima estaria
limitada a sus nadonales. Ademâs envolvia ~l reconocimiento
deI dereeho de pesea a los ciudadanos de los Estados
Unidos.
. Partiendo· de bases propuestas por la Delegadôn deI
Peru se presentô a la delegaciôn ameriCana dos documentas.
Eh el primera de ellos, de earacter principal mente técnico
se rebatîa el sistema de conservation por "stock') 0 espedes
de peces y se sefialaba la necesidad de la defensa deI
bioma espedal frente a nue stras costas y se llegaba a la
conclusion de que la propuesta americana presuponîa un
abandono total de nuestra tesis sobre la Zona Maritima.
Camo una demostraciôn deI deseo de Hegar a resultados
practicos, en el segundo de dichas documentos se sometîa
las bases para un convenio de conservad6n y pesca, en las
que se seiialaba dis tintas areas en el mar a los efectos deI
convenio. Asi en un Élrea de dace millas paralela a las costas
y en los bancos histôricamente explotados par el Estado
riberefio sélo se padfia pesear con su permiso, en las atras
areas la pesca se haria dentro de las normas de la con venci6n.
El cumplimiento de las medidas esta ria encomendado
al Estado en euye zona se verificase la pesea. Se estableda
ademas, que cuando se fijasen contingentes de pesca
éstos favarecerÎan al Estado castero. (Anexo NQ 2-D
CEP Doc. 2 y 3).
En ,el cursa de las diseusiones qued6 de manifiesto la
dificultad de conciliar principios juridicos y técnicos contrapuestos.
No obstante esta certeza, las delegaciones de
los tres paises, después de rechazada practicamente la anterior
propuesta, de un modo persorlal par los delegados y
con cargo a solic:itar la correspondiente aprobaci6n de sus
Cancillerias, sometieron un proyecto completa de convenio
que se inspiraba principalmente en el criteria de obviaT,
hasta donde fuera posible, las dificultades surgidas durante
los debates y demostrar palpablemente sus esfuerzos para
alcanzar una soluci6n de armonia. Asi en el aspecto técnico
no se adopté ninguno de los criterios sostenidos: la delimitaciém
de la zona de aplicaci6n quedaba indeterminada; la
589
-16 -
jurisdicci6n para el caSQ de infracciones seria en li1tùna instancia
la Comisiôn Mixta y se determinaba que sus disposiciones
no afectarian los principios que las Partes sostenian
con respecta a las normas jurîdicas aplicables al mar.
(Anexo NQ 2-G CEP Doc. NQ 5).
En la misma sesi6n en que se entreg6 esta propuesta
a la Delegaci6n americana, ésta sometia, a su vez, un nuevo
proyecto. En él se calificaba de problema bâsico la determinaci6n
deI aree que abarcaria la convenciôn y coincidia
en que la Convenciôn no afectaria la posici6n de los Estados
Contratantes en cuanto a aguas territoriales; admitia
la visita y captura de los barcos pesquerosj pero exigîael
juzgamiento por las autoridades deI pabellôn, y coma condiciôn
ineludibleun sistema complicado de arbitraje ob ligatorio
para resolver las dificultades que pudieran presen~
tarse. Admitîa la posibilidad de pedir permisos para la pesca
de carnada (que se encuentra casi siempre dentro de las
tres millas) y para pescar en regiones queabastecen a peqllenas
poblaciones casteras.
El dia 5 de octubre se l1evô a cabo la ûltima sesi6n
plenaria. En ella la delegad6n americana present6 sus puntas
de vista sobre el proyecto de convenciôn que se les habia
propuesto1 que rechazaban. Ademas reconocia que se
habia llegado a un punta rnuerto. El Presidente de la Conferenda,
Delegado de Chile senor deI Pedregal~ hizo notar
que se habia llegado a un grado bastante grande de acuerdo.
Pero) ya la Delegaci6n de los Estados Unidos habîa
adoptado al parecer una posiciôn definitiv8, expresando que
algunos de los problemas planteados estaban mas alla de
sus instrucciones.
Se puso fin a estas negociaciciones con un comunica.;
do. (Anexo NQ 2-H).
Si bien no fué posible 11egar al acuerdo prâctico que
buscaba el Peru, estas negociaciones fueron ûtiles en varias
aspectas. En primer término permitieron apreciar la tenacidad
con que la Delegaciôn americana defendi6 la tesis de
las tres millas y las teorÎas cientificas sobre la conservadon
de las especies.
Los desacuerdos basicos, en resumen, fueron fundarnentalmente
los siguientes: areas que cubrirîa la con ven590
- 17-
ciôn alcance deI término "conservaci6n", régimen de permisos
y control de la ej ecuci6n y sanci6n. En cada uno de ellos
se evidenci6 la dificultad de pader considerarlo de un modo
independiente. En todos ellos surgîa el aspecto juridico de
la jurisdicciân sobre el que no era posible a1canzar
un acuerdo. Asi al discutirse el ârea surgia la diverganda
de que Estados Unidos defendia de modo fundamental
que la convenci6n deberia estaI referida a
la defensa de una 0 mas espedes en cualquiera parte
que se encontrasen. Para nosotros deberia abarcar
la riqueza maritima frente a nuestras costas. Defendian
los americanos la adhesi6n a la Comisiôn deI Attin Tropical
o un acuerdo casi exacto. Par nuestra parte no nos eonsiderâbamos
capacitados para concert?r sobre zonas distintas
de la "Zona Marîtima" establecida en la Declaraciôn de
Santiago.
Par conservaciôn los americanos entendîan también
la explotad6n racional, 0 sea que queriart pactar un acuerdo
sobre conservaci6n que implicaria, el permitirles la pesca
en nuestros mares bajo el nombre de conservaci6n, que
envolverîa unabandono de nuestros principios juridicos.
Aceptar la proposici6n americana de que los barcas
pesqueros pudiesen ser detenidas par las autoridades casteras,
pero juzgados ûnicamente par las autoridades deI
pais de su nacionalidad, signifiea ba la aceptaciôn de la ley
deI pabellôn, principio consagrado par el Derecha Interna~
donaI para los barcos en alta mar, 10 que evidentemente
iba en contra de la doctrina de la Zona Maritima. Para los
amerieanos, no lesera posible aceptar un régimen de permi ..
sos deI Estado costero, aunque fuese en zonas limitadas,
pues involucra el reconocimiento de nuestra jurisdicciôn
mâs allâ de 10 que eIlas :entienden por mar territorial.
Estos factores imposibilitaron la concertaci6n de un
convenio en esa oportunidad, pero el Gobierno del Peru no
abandona la esperanza de que una mayor flexibilidad y
comprensiôn de parte de los Estados Unidos para las razones
vitales que inspiran nuestra politica maritima y las sôlidas
opiniones juridicas dadas a conoeer por la mayorîa
de los Estados americanos, pueda en un futuro no lejano
facilitarnos alcanzar un acuerdo practico por el que se con591
-18 -
siga evitar las posibilidades de rozamientos que presenta
la situaciôn actual.
592
Annex 99
MEMORIA DEL MINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
(28 DE JULIO DE 1955 - 28 DE JULIO DE 1956).
LIMA, TALLERES GRAFICOS P. L. VILLANUEVA, 1956
FOUR-PARTY NEGOTIATIONS IN SANTIAGO
On September 14th, 1954, at the site of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofChile,
the solemn inauguration of the negotiations between Pern, Chile and Ecuador with the
United States took place, concerning fishery issues in the Eastern South Pacific. In this
ceremony, the Pernvian delegate' s speech underscored the cordial nature of the
negociations (Annex Number 2).
As detailed in the Memoir by Doctor Aguilar, the start of negotiations had been
preceded by an exchange ofnotes with the American Embassy. In the last ofthese, dated
June 3rd
, 1955, the Government of Pern had expressed its willingness to commonly
partake, together with Chile and Ecuador, "in the insinuated negotiations and will consider
the propositions set forth by the United States Government with the utmost interest, so
as to achieve agreements destined to the use and conservation of the resources in the
maritime zone established by the 1952 Declaration of Santiago, and the development of
the scientific and technical studies to the same end". The American Embassy replied to
this note on July 9th, conveying its disposition to negotiate an "adequate agreement on
fishery that disposes research cooperation and, when necessary, fishery regulation for
the species of common interest to Chile, Ecuador, Pern and the United States of America".
This paragraph sheds light on one of the most controversial technical concerns for
the negotiations about to take place, as the United States were fostering the celebration
of a convention for the conservation of certain species, wherever they may be found,
based on a theory regarding the identity of the «stocks» of one same species: a thesis
which, however, lacked scientific confirmation. The South Pacific countries, on the
other hand, made their interest in the conservation of the resources in the Maritime
593
Zone perfectly clear, meaning by this the totality of said wealth or, to say the same in
other words, the particular welfare of the region.
In the same American note, reference is made to technical conclusions drawn by
the Conference at Rome for the Conservation of the Living Resources of the Sea, pointing
out the general lines for a possible covenant limited exclusively to conservation. The
criteria for the South Pacific countries was, however, broader, insofar it considered
possibilities for a conservation and fishery agreement in such a way that the repetition
of the incidents that had brought about the original exchange of notes, which spurred the
initiative for current negotiations, should be avoided. Despite these already obvious
discrepancies, it was decided that the conversations should take place in the hope that,
by way of them, and through the mutual understanding of the respective positions and
interests, a truly constructive agreement might be reached.
The American delegation initially curtailed itself to setting forth a working plan
for the conference wherein each of the main conservation problems in the Southeast
Pacific that was of interest to the participants should be dealt with; leaving, for a second
place, the types and measures of explotaible procedures for preservation and, lastly, the
determination of what sort of an agreement was more convenient for the solution of
these conservation issues. (Annex Number 2-A).
On the other hand, the South Pacific countries emphasized that the negotiations
were owed to an American initiative and it was hence the duty of the United States to
advance concrete propositions to serve as a basis for them. In that same document, an
alussion was made to the incidents which had occurred before our shores, and a wish
was expressed for this situation to be taken into account in the draft agreement, in order
to avoid its happening again. The need for a broader convention referring not exclusively
to conservation, but also to fishery as the one way in which to avoid future conflicts
without abjuring to our juridical tenets was thus accentuated. (Annex Number 2-B).
After a prolonged debate, the American delegation agreed to present concrete
proposaIs, and several documents were issued to that effect. The first, of a technical
nature, defended the American criterion of proceeding to preserve only a certain species
-in this case, tuna-, by underscoring the term "stock" and sustaining that tuna belonging
to the same "stock" is fished aIl throughout the Eastern Pacific. (Annex Number 2-C.
U.S.A. Documents Number 2-7).
Only the last of these documents advances anything like a concrete proposaI,
namely, that a Mixed Commission should be designated to submit to the consideration
594
of the States the conservation measures applicable to a determined species. The States
would in tum make these measures effective for their own conationals and would
cooperate with surveillance. If any difficulty were to emerge from this, it would be subject
to obligatory arbitration. While apparently harmless per se, this project completely
disregarded the juridical principle upheld by the signatories of the Declaration ofSantiago,
in establishing that the jurisdiction ofthose countries over their maritime zones should
be limited to their nationals only. It also implied the rights to fishery of American citizens.
Departing from bases proposed by the Peruvian Delegation, the American
Delegation was itself presented with two documents. The first of these, technical in
nature, refuted the preservation system by "stocks" of fish species, and pointed out the
neccesity for the defence of the special biome facing our shores, concluding that the
American proposaI pressuposed a complete abandonment of our thesis on the Maritime
Zone. As a demonstration of good-will towards attaining practical results, the second
document submitted the bases for an agreement on conservation and fishery, in which
different areas of the sea were signaled out to that effect. Thus, in an area twelve miles
parallei offshore, as weIl as in the schools historically exploited by the coastal State,
fishery should only be performed with its express permission, while in other areas,
fishery should be performed according to the terms of the agreement. The enforcement
of these measures would be granted to the States in whose shores the fishery was being
effected. It was furthermore determined that when fishery contigencies were fixed, these
should prove favourable to the coastal State. (Annex Number 2-D CEP Documents 2
and 3).
In the course of the discussions, the difficulty ofreconciling such disparate juridical
and technical principles became evident. Despite the delegations of aIl three countries
having practically rejected the previous proposaI, their respective delegates, pending
request for approval by their Ministries of Foreign Affairs, submitted a complete draft
convention inspired mainly on the omission -wherever it was possible- of the difficulties
which had arisen during the debates, tangibly proving their efforts towards obtaining a
harmonious solution. Thus, in the technical aspect, none of the sustained criteria were
adopted: the delimitation of the zone for application remained without determining; in
case of infractions, jurisdiction would ultimately fall back on the Mixed Commission
and it was disposed that the determinations taken by the latter should not affect the
principles the Parties held regarding the juridical norms applicable to the sea (Annex
Number 2-G CEP Document Number 5).
595
In the same session in which this proposaI was given to the American delegation,
it submitted a new project in which the establishment of the range for the agreement was
considered a main issue, coinciding in that the Convention should not affect the positions
of the signatories there where territorial waters were concerned. It also admitted the
visiting and seizure of fishing craft, but demanded that judgement be performed by the
flag' s authorities, positing as a conditio sine qua non the need for a complicated system
of obligatory arbitration to resolve any difficulties that should arise. It also acknowledged
the possibility of requesting fishery permits for bait fishing (which is almost always
performed within the three offshore miles) and to fish in regions which supply small
coastal populations.
On October 5th
, the last plenary session was held. On this ocassion, the American
delegation set forth its perspective on the convention project that had been advanced to
them, and which they rejected. A de ad end had been reached. The President of the
Conference, Chilean Delegate Selior deI Pedregal, underscored that a considerable degree
of agreement had already been attained, but it would seem the American Delegation had
reached a most definitive position in conveying that sorne of the problems under
discussion exceeded its instructions.
An end was put to these negotiations with a communiqué. (Annex Number 2-H).
Even if it was not possible to reach the practical agreement that Peru was seeking,
these negotiations proved useful in several ways: if anything, they helped to showcase
the tenacity with which the American Delegation defended the three mile thesis and the
scientific theories on species conservation.
As for the basic disagreements, these were, briefly and fundamentalIy, the ones
that folIow: what areas the covention should coyer; the reach of the term "conservation";
the permits' regime and the control of its execution and sanctioning. Each of these points
showed the difficulty ofhaving it considered independently. AlI presented the juridical
aspect onjurisdiction on which it was impossible to agree, so that in discussing the area,
for example, the divergence arose between the United States, which fundamentally defended
that the convention should be referred to the defence of one or more species
wherever these were found, and ourselves, who thought the area should comprise the
marine wealth facing our shores. The Americans defended adhering to the Tropical Tuna
Association or a nearly identical agreement, whilst we did not feel fit to compromise on
there being different sections for the "Maritime Zone" as established by the Declaration
of Santiago.
596
By conservation, the Americans also understood rational exploitation, that is, they
wanted to reach an agreement on conservation which implied, by way of allowing them
to fish in our seas under the guise of conservation, the abandoment of our juridical
princip les.
To accept the American proposaI that fishing craft could be detained by coastal
authorities but judged only by their own countries, was to accept the flag law, a principle
consecrated by International Law for ships in high sea, which evidently went against the
stipulations of the doctrine on the Maritime Zone. And it was equally impossible for the
Americans to accept a regime of permits by the coastal State, even if it were in restricted
areas, as this involved acknowledging our jurisdiction far beyond what they took territorial
sea to be.
The sum of these factors made it impossible for agreement to be reached on this
ocassion, but the Government of Pern does not relinquish hope that a greater flexibility
and understanding by the United States for the vital reasons which inspire our maritime
policy -and the solid juridical opinions expressed by the better part of Latin American
States- may yet, in a not too distant future, help us reach a practical agreement which
succeeds in avoiding the possibilities for friction which exist at present.
597
Annex 100
DECLARATION BY THE HEAD OF THE PERUVIAN DELEGATION,
DR. ALBERTO ULLOA, AT THE FIRST UNITED NATIONS
CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 5TH SESSION, GENEVA, 5
MARCH 1958
(United Nations, Doc. A/CONF. 13/39, Vol. III, Fifth Session, p. 7)
598
FIFTH MEETING
H'ednesday .. 5 March 1958j al 10.30 a.m,
Chairnwn: Iv!r. K .. H . .BAlLEY (Australia)
Consideration of the draft articles adopted by th.8 International
Law Commission aï its dghth sess.ion
(artides 1 to 25 and 66) (A/3159) (continucd)
General debate (continued)
STATE~fENrs BY MIt. UU_OA SOTOMAYOR (PERO)
AND SlR REGINALD MA~lNJNGRAM-BULLE:R (UNITED
KINGDOM)
L ML ULLOA SOTOJ..{AYOR (Pero) said that he
wOl11d state the position of his delegation with regard
to the draft Articles concerning the Law of the Sea as
a whole, because the work of the First Committee, COll'"
cemed as it was with the question of the delimitation
of the varions maritime zones., would have a deciûve
influence on the èntire work of the Conference.
2. In its. valuable report (A/3159), the International
Law Commission had taken note, of the problems facing
the South American cou nt ries bordering on thePacific}
of whit.llPeru was one. If wùuld, perhaps, have been
undnly stUlguine to expect the Commission, w hkh \WlS
composed of eminent jurists trained in the tradition al
schools1 to accept the new formulas put fOI'ward by
those cou.ntries. Jt would be a long time before the slow
process of the progr{"~sive development of international
law absorbed such new principles,
3. It had been asserted that the countries in question
disregarded tradiüonal inte.rnational law, That was not
so; they were merely putting fürward new Iules based on
situations and concepts \Ilhich had not existed hitherto
- fuies whkh were based on the modem trend
towards regarding human beings as subjects of internatiomtl
law. T'hase nûes were a1s() based on the nove!
concept of the, conse.rvatton of marine spedes; it had
previously becn considered that the living resources of
601
Annex 101
STATEMENT BY PERUVIAN DELEGATE, ENRIQUE GARCiA SAYAN,
AT THE NINTH MEETING OF THE SECOND COMMITTEE ON THE
HIGH SEAS REGIME OF THE FIRST UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE
ON THE LAW OF THE SEA,
13 MARCH 1958
(Official records, Vol. IV; Second Committee (High Seas: General Regime),
Summary records of meetings and Annexes, Geneva, pp. 17-18, paras. 33-34)
602
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:bad biX':!:! S1!:ppl~:ro.<:~,te4l')' R ::'':-':t~ of ~èàjJ$()j~~lag:ë<~e<
}J)e~U$ \~·tich ~aVê. th~ $aid (:ê-l:1rn(: th~ C;h~f;:~~f:r (if ~t
~<i\li.ue ,~<::gkl;Î~Ü ~7"tctiJ. Und~r ;~, iI .... ~·l;'~~l. lk':i!uces b:;d
lx'en ~T«;)t"d tD lHg'ltl.::ls <Jf {)toer~t:<t::~,:fllà ~:lllf:tj.;'n~
hl1:d b?e,o i.<nr(<t~d o!1:St'lip$ tH:'!! h~.d t<l'c,k::,~'1 l>1r. rnl~$.
-~4. It "'vas th:t~ :;t~,,!Jj~l!. ct :U\V "iI1ti!·rnatl:l)U~ rl::l~$' tor th:::
tHillz;:ti.u:;l. {If Hl:'-: S('~I ,1~ " ~K'1W;::: f,f rid'~~ Iha~ h,,:1 t<:.?
tn th:! ri"!tûa.~m;,l. iSrlt~p~l()~ of ~~aSUt2$ Qf :;!;:U .. d~\!uQ~_-
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603
Il! SR~ re>.'t):t<1s
'lm Se.:J;et~~~~n",tû (Ii Ùl:? Un!t<,~ N~ù(!l:k.., ln ,~194;:'; [email protected] {O P~~î\l~f!J;", Il).~ >::<;:<r<{:;Istatl:.", wWd; wet~ l'5'
mtlffi&!l.fl<llü'll. t::;.'fu{:~;l S1:itVrf al lnfmu.iiùltaJ }.<!';Y:~ n*l'Ilre :':lSistk(j tn th~~ ~«':@:"{:~s. 11 w<.li!ki lx: u:si~
(A,/CNA,/1 .. <RleW.n. }lstd3tSJ,::d {b~i !lh~ ,td<Jptlf.ll'l lln lU;,'! i1!egilJ if pÛ~'<*~ iGrI'i,!fU fAte.N%t~ w,-:,,"t", <Jb'.l.'l'>1 k,
~':Kb me::sn",:,,· w"s ., tt»>ropl':~d-v1n1i:; ;<$ c, m:,tl:or \li: c(,n,·~(t m:T(! ~,~V2tll ,Yè:l.l~J:llbc< rJû9!::i wlth Wllich mtm"(:
i:.'1tlÎ.fy and Ï'lm!~.::". < If fmt:' t(l\"}k int;; Cùtl.Wru:llrk"ln sld hs.d mdowr.{t th::; <lîlllli!ltt t~f ~'CfitRl$H. "l'bat ?'i5c!d ~<'!
the ~pt:-ci~l pùi\'l:!f~ tl};e;,:..1~~d l;J 'i!;;rfOU~ :::m\$):; ,wer .~. :\. d:~t",1.:-ë.i fora, of. tlJ·~ rtl!J!t te hWlt ;;;ûd f$:;!) in the hiSh
'S;[I'à!; b'~Vf}nd fhe trl'ldiü{jnsl limits ilt Ùi.Ci; ti.:rrltmiiJ: ~·Cil.~> w:hidl h;;d t!J;1Vtt Mil3 p.:i:r! of thé ;':;\XIJ!<~:d ;;m.li!
Wil.Ült$, ii. cnu!i! '!:le .~ald ttlat, as th~ Illte!'nati~:ll Court .~. ~f ~*<.k,ro o~ lHTIgsr'OE.' .. i:tùJ1 whl~,h 'l'1{:t:ld b,::n~itt mily
of J ustiGôl1,w f<!<;ogn~reii:m Ils jmig:::tIlJ':1\t in th.:: :,\n;;!«· .~. the JK1~'<:riul ;m:l t;:dmk~l1y .. :ulv~.(è':! "tat~~,
N!Jt:w~:8ian il!ihmies r.:'t'l<l:,' su.::!l millliiw.j! =~lJ:tl:$ Wt·te .~. :39. As t,) I}l;e (»:lo,::ept .,:If S('V{)t!!i...~I)· t::;fum,d tss in Il"J<l-
<.:" ... :.:. :.:.:~~~~~~:.:!;-::.:~!::}~~~::.~!:.~~~~.:.~~~:::.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:':.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: ...... / pmd:<.t1lf:ttiml$ ':Jf Pf!:m ,,-'J'd {!tb:~r $!2it's, ~t Jis,4 :tlO &[;::<. ...
35, Th::; ZOO-mile Jhlit W<>S fu~ "bi,<J1ngiç;:! Hmit" tIf l!!ttl JJJe:mtt:g s.lJ!t ...." '$ ln f:b-:ti{k11ti~i,~d with tt->}!)«!i::J.!ji;
tha~~ Cl)llJ):me:; tU<it s'!!rl p~{b:i;),ime<:! fuel r rîJ;h~, (f\.'f;t (..;: juâs<li:::tJ"u 3:tlrl c;;;eüut =utlsJnl~cl in Presi.k'cl. T'm·,
S\$cl! a !>trèti:h '11 s'=-" Sp;:ci~ suc-ll a~ t1ll:\!l:)" and baniiete: I1ix(i's :cr(t~k·m:;tl()Jl cl 19':;·5. Tb~ uctic.~~ ôt &:t,;,e:rel~.ut-l··
werc Rl<J,dy ":'ngIJ1' :.10 to al) ~rll1<!~ fm!l\ tile r.'-K1:Ilt; tUe r~i~n;:j 1.,) tr..i! i!>:>:~l'1':.i:;.:;, «t. c~ctain (If the pGW'::I'S'aud
,~<ne, ~C.},O·l~t::s d tt.~ ~o~st;{l 'Ii'!\tts~ ~Q~lJ~tit1l~~ WI!'l,î p;:erog;,!iv'!-> l,h:'(t Cô;lll.$[ihlti!otl th,:, tj:;!diti«!1:Ù <:I)U"l':pt
@) '::'1: J;U('W uW.~s ~"il.y; aJ'!d the ça~<s1)t !\t1.d whlllt,q u~ OJl!rmltoe sil'icrdf.lll.)', &, tllc I:ilt&.I:l12tÎ.-:.m3.f: I..:l.~ Cül1l'
W<l!;i!- n~Uiiliy .,,~ b(. fù~tl:!:1 m.)l'1i: t@(\ 10U miles Qff. 1'het~ uU.~~ic;). it,;,eU ,b"d r~çn~{j.
Wi15! no $I!~'t~r.<.lU, WJ>fe,wer., tù ~~t:tbJi::h Ih:,: 2!'1Cl--m"il" ,~I), Tu,:: C{JmUljssi:o!'!'~ fl~~tit w:)" jn';(!l<,plc~~ iUMJUudl
liru:!.t fot ll;lliiatiô~ of Û'le .iJ~.,QUl:.:e~, uf fht:. ,':::.i AA a :lS lt d1 n·<t; t~.kl;O S'l{fu:j,::nt <t:::ÇÙu.u~ (li. Iht< bio)lc~~ili
m:ii<mn .,>16 apf,lk<'l.!:'~ 'Cü cil Stl'lt~.s. Dif1~:r~at. gl;O(!. m:i cconomk M:X:::ts ün >.,i:id! th~ çl:<lë.j~ tll ~:Xd,W:W~
gntphtc:'tÎ ,fua!f}XS :ntd b\;;llc~c;», llro.iJ~ WCl.!ld :l:!lah: lt fishÙlg ri~,t~ r:'J';l;\~.
ÎllaWt:.C:lbl<! UJ oth<'l' JOtal'::;;.Thz J~l<tm.i~' ef ge~!$j1l'd,.. :n .. b.< ~·i",w cf the ih<:ed tt' c~t3&l.ish <l. .l;U:W "t-(; ilf m<t:r~
cal c»aoepts W~ illl tbu('ut w b<: t$h:n !J"ltl;) acc{JIUl.t lll1tlunru. nlt~ Cl! fl~i):;:;:ies a!"ld the c»(:~q?;;ti()U of tll<!
in tht hw il! U!!': SB;:, .oeS{)11t>.:CS Dt tlle ~a, tho:; l'·s:pJ.\1om !.1d~;~til>n ·t'l(lclJ
:>6, The ~<:qu~~ts f!)nl.l:mu.t",~ bJ P~l1J m~'Ï the: COEJsJitklfis m!tril:r :l!i~:J;r.,en!<; to ;;stkl;:; 11 r!ud !"Rbf!'fS .Ji the Illt:.' .· ·
~~$:'~r-f (1. theh: tec.'i>~ti(ln à:> kZilljt·· l;~ndlli~';:nd n;;tioM! L:l.w C":R'lJ,i!.;:;,,'on's dl'~~,
;:ppli,::hie :mx~ fl!s(, l.h";y '),cer;:: th::: e.,~'~~~)ll l)i-l!ùa.
~l'Pk ~ l:>:!<»gniud b)' !:~t>.; S~"()ll&y > (!.te:; Imd a ~o::k·:1:tifii:
b~<;ÎS ~ and t.hi.cliy, lh.<1 .oei>,i>:,nd.:·d. fo ll:3!]c,U:J.! viW
l.l:I:'<:i!s:(iti~~s.
Tl. The e~OJ:!;>illk: l>:3s(!!1s(o.r îht~e P.r(}:'.1Jlm:,n~ltlS by
l'c:m <usd üther s~tes we,C' has>:d 1)1:1 ~. n"tllT;1.l <mi! Ftt',~
Nt:.iJll;:f1t ~ht ~--rîri;s~ rrolli g:::og(sphic:ù (;l)ub.guit'l.
Pel'","ù, Ü!iflt ~ " <X:;l~t,ll s~tt, w~s dllt~ lm itJht,C'~t
~) i~'Ullfu~d Q{j i~ gl;:':'w"f!hl~~ po.\imnll,o,nd !h~·re-·
['.n':: ·pN-e.xlil.l:i:i:1t t<r i:~ f<';:maJ .int~t1t:J.lkl;i:I'J dlithu, 'flle
!t(l:;:.rn!1.ti:)~:it CUl.ixt IJf Jn~tj(t. h~d agteed, in ~fje ju.;]gc,·
ffi6l'l! Nti::m::cl !.~, !$Ql)"'" 1 fhat ôu":ttd!,ttity ove, p2rt$ (of
the St;;, Wa'; detlved fro!P. ili~ hlJ.I~. ·Th~· coost:ll P'}PU-
1~1itl.'5 h;;:i tlcpeuded en th~ ~:;:Jl. for fuocl lOJ::g bdo:r<'
ü3c.oe lt:Jd fl':1~n:<!:!J n&vi~tiCl:i ~<E Wofe Ù;~ m'.xkm
m'Intime POWt~~ h;;à mù!.:ü''falh: t1>':cid~d rh:;!. Vatt
ru:e;a~ »f th~ >'X:e:J.tlS wur:· p,.ÏJi1w:~l;.' t'klir pmp?rty :l;tI,1
hai! aUh$f:q;;t~!:It1;· eml:r..Qsl<!d. tl'le p,.kscj~<! ,l.tlne fu..~
doen ,'jf lJJ~ ':k"::$.
SS. I.eg::.] o'me'''Oi:'t:;: $l):::ti a, tJI~ f;~:Mm Ü,) '{Ml, i:vr~
mil.l<l~:;d Sot s. tittl.~ wh!':n the lC~~)l,llce:1 Qr the ~~ w~:r~
(hQ~Wl~ Bl 1}1; 1oeXh;;l1tiil'le:, W~t~ :!ln l<.U\~*r ":illd io. iliè
h.:e of the ::k:st!\l.~tl\'t! cap<ldti" t'l p~l1t.d.ay nshl!lg
mt;t!wd~., T!;,)se wh.;) lnaiJ~tJl.iûl1d. ~b;;t m re.s;;;:ictklll
s!<,,:-uîcl fl':1 i*:r:~J. I.\jJ: :thbing b fll~ l'l1fJi ,N:>: 'k'C~l:! :<1,,;1:,
tl5l;3 fr,(:j, ('1'(:$ t(j T*:,;l!ty. l. ..l <;,km f:im:n3p.J<If:;PfÎ;;~s f1~d
't.f:;:{)r.~e ~o ",.';~~1 a~~d ~~fff.t:i~ut ;Jm.l nad );~J gr~t a C"~~,:=t{;ty
lé}" ,.k:!!<md:i(l!:t t3i<t ll'rc,:;è;sx;:,pts: cl tij,;: ~}:<~t wtrt 11(1
1{'l~~' "p.~~lî,~ahk. Tbat W;l$ wh~ ri:! 1%4 tn", F.,f~i::n
?uÙI{}ùties "b.:l:d detû'lt;l the ];rrg~r P;>fL ùi a i&~igaowtted
wh;JJin~ fleet· ;:omîstil1f, of ~ !actVI)' ~llip and
fh"le~ o!h~,' '1':'$$(!h c;l}"lahle .)f. >'!~p!'l\nll::i l 3.nOÛ Whllks
.p';.-r r>t.>.~cn, Su..'Ù !le;:,t:;: Itô;;, 'x!;~;; Ç(u;i':n~nt;:; WHl M
, 1Jnit::xl. l'h*m; j)tif>ll':o!::ic:i, <~'" N<l,: IS4S.'\:'.i m,
'pO!r~ "'12.
~ f,!:.l. p."'t''':11,. It?';.l, ~!. Hé,
605
Annex 102
DECLARATION BY THE CHAIRMEN OF THE DELEGATIONS OF CHILE,
ECUADOR AND PERU AT THE FIRST UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE
ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 27 APRIL 1958
(United Nations, Doc. A/CONF. 13/L.50)
606
nüCUMENT i:./CONFJJ/L5ù
dl~'(~{ly (If .rHdlf{~.crl:~:. t(; t!~~~~ (:(}r!'::f~'!',"':1t!(:n ~~nd 'trtiU~:'~tti{l:!) i,.~f t~,~~ :n::':.:)~:::\.:i::~ tif ,t:j~; ",<:;~
~(n': .:·'·~":d{:n:~'~: ~J;: 1h;;' ü~~::r:::·:;.rins: rC:;":l)gn.iti.{)n f}ff the: ::;f}f::..:;:;d r;ghi c~f the ":~'{:::Ul:: .~:':.:}?!":.
i(;js'::r~':nt in :~~ .:::t:(~gri:rhi(:.::·: p,o:üh(:n.
_/~~:~(:r:~::n.!Üy;> ,;!,Hhff~·:gh il ·~·!·t~S r<)~s~blc: tf~ dj~':.:~-.:r!1 ~::: (')~i,}"'r ~~··;I..~er f''''t''';~nr'~' 'li- :\:'Jt i 0"\.-.\.;,
f~~:, Ol~.:· i~i::;:Ù"f}S. (:\.·')nt~~r:::.:_:)g tt:;(: :~r::~!~ -";'/;;' ;':i;cL~r< '~A~f ·;;sl~i~.:e ~(~ "l~:~:~ ·:;~v(::;;"'\.~~;f~t~:j_;i·;·:·i~:
:;~:~;' ~!~r ~;~~~/~~::;~:::~:i~:~~;~~;~:~:~;~'~t~~~~~;::~;;~:;~~i~~~~~~~~~:~.,~;;:~:~;:~~~~~:~~};~, :~i~~fl:,~};;;~~:~~~~~i1:~i~~~~::~~::.
1:(~ :k:ft:nd i:h:":~r ~~:·;ùn(KG·:~" ~~nd tht~ .:;;:::!hh(~.Jd (>f Hxir r'()p.~d;:t)~:~18.
lJ;,~ reli.;~:(:n;: :.:;'b,:8h, ta rtc~ut yc:u"::. hr!'~'e i~;d_ (:h:,:i:~ r::~~.u:~dt")r ~=tnd }l(.:-:G h~ (:J;.~tr:
c:t'st:j':.:) ':i~~~i·~tlh·::'\: ·:~ri.\\;ls;~·Y:1~ ~ff:è to Ci.!t';;:f inh~
l\k:~~ h~lS b{:o~)t::;~ a psrty ~*.- s~iH ff:n1&i .. ü ·~·~~.Ü~.L
.,
t_.; _ ($l~:
Tl} {f!(: :::.h·~~(:t!':_·~: of ":r:ü::r!"'t:;:tion!i"~ 3;!n(:~~a)etH t)n ~;'o:::f!~~:{::f!!!y ('.orr~pr{,:h::;èf>sj:~~:::! :;:ad j~~}~:t
l~~·(r ... :isj(\r::~ .n>c(:.k~tt;:~:ng sn"j (':f{:t:.t~!1t ~i. r{·;~~rtot;.,h1:'·· h:~f'~n;'\' ':~r('I;j;;'(1 .;::: tht' r~'·:h:~· '{v;!
:~\\~~:~:l:;::::I:f::~,.:~:;;;~i)l;::~';;\;~~.:·' '~:~ji~;~~ ~i~~~:~;~ (f;:)-~h~~l;~:·è~~,~:~;s.;;:;~~~~; :.~:~ ·.;~~;·[~~~:~~:::\~Y~:;:i:~r .,~~:?;~;;~!
tüllnid:~~~; ;)f th::: f~gk:nf rtn'::Ü~B ln taU f(:rCf: :;:..} '!t;'lt~: '.:O':-! }B.:'{ and. hln~l:~nf: ::;ChltJ\}:":::: ::t:-t!
,w:' ',,·(,rt,xl {lm.
(·h,;jP~il;.i"j (:f :·l:~;.
l};:~~'::r:ni<~n 1)/
(:'h.):: ,'i::;r;: ûf .!F~ot.:
.r?::!it_~;'t"ii,::':-; ol
_r('~.:~);·;(~:
.,O::·!::;g::ni(-'f! ;)}
.p()"-t"
607
Annex 103
DECLARATION BY THE PERUVIAN DELEGATION AT THE SECOND
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA,
27 APRIL 1960
(United Nations Doc. A/CONFERENCE. 19/L. 16)
608
UNITED NATIONS
SECOND CONfERENCE
ON THE LAW OF THE SEA
J~/ :.:"t:!f,? ,0.1 1)/1" ~ ~ "! i~.
":J.? J!f.::r:L1 196:)
.!L'NGLJ~:fr
Ürt"i!~:i;j[.!]; SJ?l:Jt .... h ..
C{::"!'l!!iJ. ~;ta:3 of t~e ;!fr.:ol,e s.·;.:~d tu the -Ct.~nfert-r..:::€ :Ln ;::1 ~!~19-~"~· ë!t.;"Si ... iug (dc~.~,u~s,~rt\
;;/(X1N':~\1~';/::t.l/r~ (3) ~ J'e"t""ll r;:.PP(I!:!t~û t1~.r. '~~'~Jnv~,;-.;iY!g ::·t t;~:.t~ C~:J!'~f'(:,-t\~'n~~$: r}Y! tt.,t< !r!"(.~~,u~ds
){./C:f;:;F ,,19/t ... 1h
p...~ge :~
609
1.{cl"'0!r~le!'"'$ en. f!:.... K !.i;;l gr':)uJjd~J p~):,u (.}f"tr! p.1.:3:arl the 1..ü 1cie~<111~"i~b.Etè,'Ct r.:,cd "p:r-'::.~g!"<;:~eY
i)1€ ;;Jlt1 "-:R"!"'Jx1J},g inl~,1"'~af!.e {if it.s ·p~pl..i12.tit":l1~ grou.~ds ~f e;!1pl(11S'~:::lt cPF:)!'-tursit1.es
hig'hf:Stf J:Jl:'1.t!!l'! J..t1~J3.l, Pt~ru i2 anti tle~:" t.~~, r..lsd.iJ·! t.bBt ft "i~ d~f.enr.1.it;g man 5i:~ sueh,
"Ln ;!~~ping \)il t~ri "lbe ·.m~':r-el 'pxi"Cc:l:pl.~,a; of mc:d.~zn inte.. r rul,t·io,:cnl la}! wh:Lct'} ara
ttelhlt·at·icn of the t!:~r:it.çl!iaï s.~{:. f~i1d or th:'! f't$j.;Jr.~g 2lll1.8 ()b~iuad i:he sup.p~\tti·
ùf tb,f:: rf!,q~l:I.si t a t"W,~-thlI:è.s r!t~j':1:r"'l ty ~ ~.n.d. a~ a :~,:)"cseqi.i.ej-i(! e ne ft·.L"'.msl. c@~lus.5:QllB
::J::a.ke ~ d~,~p me;r}: ~Zl ccnt~po~RrY int.$r~atic·!)<al la..~.and lE:M t-o e d~~1.sJ:V{3 P..f.."W &tl{}}
f~rNard :in th~ deYel'~J!ll!ent nt tbe lr:.'),~ .t:f, th~l ~t'"!R",
J>e~u*'-l~~au ·~)31~gatto;1 ~~tàtiEt$ > j~n t;j.6 nf-.Jne Gf l ts {}O'~sr!).rn:e!)t,~ that, thB nUes rtf !'ubll .
.law 'ijnf:t~t.t~;l. -by PB!.'U. ragardi»g the e;:",;sJ:!5J.8E! cf ii"s 3r.ro:-itime, .juri,~dict.i{\n .~ontinu~
in fUl"'ce: \!lth 1Jh;::~ L~-ort~.nt :.,,:r\:1:visl.on t~at. -t.h.e~,~. l"ule.s i<~ not. .brj,ffipe~ s~ea ~t ai-r
611
Annex 104
STATEMENT MADE BY PRESIDENTS LANUSSE OF ARGENTINA AND
ALLENDE OF CHILE. "SALTA DECLARATION" OF 24 JULY 1971
612
DECLARACION DE SALTA
Durante los Mas 23 1 Z4, de julio de 1971, se t"euniel'Qu
en la ciudad de Salta". los President~s de la Republica
Argentins. ,Teniente Gencl"3.+ ~. !lej andro !gu.stin
LANUSSE, y de la Repûblica. de Chi:l~, Dr. ~+ Salvador Al.tENDE
" .
GOSSENS! pOt invitaciôn espècial deI p~imern.
En el curso de sus mnycordiales ~Qnver8aciones inte:
r~ambiaron opioiones sohl'e los mis importantes asuntQs de
interés comd~ para ambos pa~~n~s -'tinta en el"1mbito bilate ..
. .
ralcomo en el de la ac.ei6n :mitltilateral- l' COJJ1'pl"obaron;;
cOn satisfaeci6nt la erlstenciâ .. de imparlaütes coincidencias
p~.l'a lograr en sas respeetiyas naciones e:1"bienestar, ~l
prcgre.so y la justicia soe:i~".
Como resultado de dichas conversacionest " aeQr~n
dej ar test.imonio de 10 siguiEù:i~e:
lx - Los Presidentes de l.a Repilhliea Arlientina y è:e la.
Repûblica de Chile. exp.resan su fifme ·yoluntad de c()nt.i:ouar
forti'ÜèCiendo los vinculos dé' amistad en.tre.~us pu.eblo$, no
interrumpidos desde que ~mhas naciones alcanza.ND. lill. L.:nie ..
pendeucia.
Esta runistad ha ter:.-....d9 su,s baseade· su~·", ... ntaci>5:n en
el respeto al prl.nClp~O ae no intcM'ep;ci6Îl: en los asu.!::unt
613
deI Âcta de Sa.ntiago, del 26 de junio da 1971, pa.r'a el apr,2
vechamiento de los recUt'sos hidro16gicos eompartidos ..
Decla.ran que densificar la demal'caci6n de la exten.sa
fr-ontera. de ambos pal~les es Un objeti'Vo cOnlÛn y aSUmen el
<";ompromiso de imptûsar las tiare as de la C01llisi6n Mina de
L!roite:sAt-g.çnt:Lna-Chile y de los Institl:ltos Geograficos Militares,
suml.nistrândoles los-medios para que puedan cumplir
enmenor plazo la eficien~e labor·que realizan.
CODlpruehan las coinèidencias de la. Argentina y Ch~le
con respecta a la.!:;. mat-erias deI Derecho dei Mar, qu~ ~on
debatidas en las diversos foros internacionales, aCQrdando
a este respecta fortalecct" la acci6ncoordinada de sus Gobiern?
s, con miras a defender en_ dichos fol'os eSaS posici.2,
Refirman el derecho de ambos pd.ses de fijar, como
10 han heeho, sus juri.s<lic<;iones sobre el mar trente a sus
eostas hast a. las 200 millas marinast 'teniend.o en euenta
primordiallnente la pre$ervaciôô y e:>..--plQtaci6n en benefieio
La defensa de este derecho pol' un IlUmel."Ocreeiente
de paises de la cOIlllluidad înt.ernacif>na1 no d~be afectar a
la libertad de nayegaci6n ni a~ sobrevuelo. pal'a tod;a~ 1.Bs
bandet'a~~ La Ar~entinà y ehile reiteran la plena validez
. de las DeclaraciCiues de Hontevideo 'Y Lima de 1970 sobre
Derecho del Mar ..
614
9. - Lo-iS Pl'eside:nt.es da 1t: R{~pûblica Argentina y O:E'; la
Repûblica de Chilc asttroùn ante sus pueblos la. re.spons.abili·.
dad de 'Contim.tar la gesti6n de 5U.5 predeceiSox>es por nua auténtic:
J. cooperaci6n rnutua y :t'lltific:an su voluntad de adoptar
las ll1edidas tl.ecesaria,s para el logro de los prop6sitos y
objet.i'I.'<lS conte~idos ex .. la· presente Decla1"ûcio·n.
Este document.a Sf~ cOtlocet'â como la "DECLARACION DE
SAtTAtI •
Dada a los veinticuatro d!as d,ü llle~:> de JuliO' de mil
615
Annex 104
STATEMENT MADE BY PRESIDENTS LANUSSE OF ARGENTINA AND ALLENDE
OF CHILE. "SALTA DECLARATION" OF 24 JULY 1971
[ ... ]
3 .... Reaffirm the right ofboth countries to set, as they have done, their jurisdictions
over the sea adjacent to their coasts up to a distance of 200 nautical miles, primarily
taking into account the preservation and exploitation of the resources of the sea to the
benefit of their peoples.
[ ... ]
617
Annex 105
JOINT DECLARATION OF PRESIDENTS JUAN VELASCO ALVARADO OF
PERU AND SALVADOR ALLENDE OF CHILE, 3 SEPTEMBER 1971
(Archives of the Ministry Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
618
.i ç-/: /;/ ~."
1)
/ Invitadù pOl' el Gobier.no dal Feru, el Presidente dé Chile)
Exee1entisimo senat' Docter Bal vado! Allend.e t permanecio en. Lima l CO-
1iiO huéspecl oncial del 1~ a13 de setiembre de 1971.
Los Jeies de Estado deI P~rU y CMIe, con la :pa.rticipaciôn
de sus Ministres de RelaC'iones Exteriores, General de Division Don
&lgaroo Mercado Jarrîn y Don C1odo.miro Almer-ia t mantunerOIl $lÜ:pllas
'1 cordiales conversaciones. COlnO resultado de ellas, los Presiden",
tes acuel'dan suscribir la siguiente
[ ... ]
619
11+- Re~têrancomoobjetivo irrenunciahle de sus poHticas
mar!tilas la defensa del derecho inherente del Estado riberefio al
pleno ejercicio de au soberania y jurisdiccinn eic1usivas hasta la
d1stancia de 200 millas, para, regular la conservacion y apl'ovechamento
de los recul'SOS naturales dellIlal' adyacente a SIlS costas, y
del suelo y subsuelo del mismo marias! como el del'echo dentro de au
respecti va ,jurisdiccion a adoptar las medidas necesarias ''para la preservacion
del medio ubiente, marino y la conduction de las activida ..
des de investigacion cientifica, con el fin de proteger los intere ...
ses y promover el desarrollo y el bienestar de sus pueblOS.
Renuevan s.n respaldù a la D~claraci6n de Santiagode195.? .......... . :;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;~;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.,.;.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ,.,.,.,.,.,:,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.""" - - - - - - - - - -- l sobre Zona Maritima i~ a los prineipios contenUos en las Deelaracio.-
::î.,.,.,.,.,.,., .,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.:.,.,.,.,.,.:.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,::', 1.
MS de Montevideo y Lima de 1970, as:! como s.u determinacion de eontlnuar
coordinando uns acciôn. eonjunta para obtener en la proxima Con ..
ferencia Internaeional sobre el Derecho deI Mal'~ el reeonoëimiento
de nomas que tengan en euenta las distintas realidades geogrâficas,
!leeesidades eeonollÙ.cas y sociales y posibilidades finanCleras 1 tée ...
.....................: ~~.~. .... ~~.:. .... !~.~.~~~. ... ~~.~.E!. ... !9.~.J~!.~.~2&.t. .......................................................................................................................................................
Acuerdan fortalecer el Sistema del Pacifieo Sur '1 sus tra ...
ba.jos juridiccs, cientificos y téenicos t consolidar le. solidaridad
entre los paises que han adoptado el limite de 200 millas, y promo ...
Ver activamente el establecimiento de un sistema ragionsl latino8lll.e ...
ricano que asegure el respeto de sus derechos y una mâs e$tre~ha co.laboraci6n
en este campo de vital int&rés para sus pueblos.
·······························R;~fi;;;···;~··~~;rt~~i6~··d;···q~;··;;t;;··;;liti~;;·:···p;~~i;;d;;·······
620
nu~m.e! 'ocren1 ente. :ul. t: '.lQ.<st'M.O S de la s {-i,l Vfn~as. regl,o nes dei munio ~ son ~ .
las mM razonables 1. adecuad~ar13. aseglJ.rar 1& vi~~~sJa de la.
tic:ie. social en el nuera orden inter;.%cicn,9.1 de los océanos ..
[ ... ]
En te de 10 C113.1 BuseI'iben la presente llec1a:racion CMjunta,
en Lim.a, a los tres dias deI m.es de setiembrede ro.:'U. l1c,v·scientos
setentiWlo ..
'} tt:P~
Gè~~ral d.e Di vtsio.n
Velasco Alvarad.o
de la .RepUbl;l.ea del
P·erû
621
Annex 105
JOINT DECLARATION OF PRESIDENTS JUAN VELASCO ALVARADO OF PERU
AND SALVADOR ALLENDE OF CHILE, 3 SEPTEMBER 1971
(Archives of the Ministry Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
[ ... ]
Il. They reaffirm as an inalienable objective of their maritime policies the defence of
the inherent right of a coastal State to the full exercise of its exclusive sovereignty and
jurisdiction up to a distance of 200 miles, in order to regulate the conservation and use
ofnatural resources of the sea adjacent to their coasts, and the soil and subsoil thereof,
as weIl as the right within its respective jurisdiction to adopt the necessary measures for
the preservation of the marine environment and the management of scientific research
activities, in order to protect the interests and promote the development and well-being
of its peoples.
They renew their support to the 1952 Declaration of Santiago on Maritime Zone.
[ ... ]
They agree to strengthen the System of the South Pacific and its legal, scientific and
technical works, consolidate the solidarity among the countries that have adopted the
200-mile limit, and actively promote the establishment of a Latin American regional
system that ensures the respect for their rights and a closer collaboration on this area of
vital interest to their peoples.
[ ... ]
623
Annex 106
J OINT DECLARATION OF THE MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF
PERU AND CHILE, 16 JUNE 1978
(Archives of the Ministry Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
624
Entre 10:$ 61.;, fi 1.1+ Y '17 de jm:d.o 'ti~ 1978) visita
el Jh,:l'Û el kjj.nistro de R",l:',cifJues Exteriores de Chi ...
Jlendêl ,1 la gentil invit:3c·ion J:ox'mulada pOl.' el :.~inistro
diS HrililCion~~E" ExterioIOs dei Peru~ Exe~;lfmti;ü!!1.o SOi'.0J..'
.E:nb:a.j"1d:ol' José d(:l la Pu.eote Radbill.
Dur-ante su v.Lsi ta fue recib.ino en au(U.encü, e§.
pecial pCl' 131. Exc,;:lentizimos.enor PI'eeiùe-ate d.e 1::1 Repl1-
bli,,::ô, Genera l ùe Di '.rision EP Francisco Morales Bel'WJlô.~Z
Cerrutti.
Ambo.s Ministres de Relaci·onez Extorio.rss mant!!
',,-ieron un slll"plio y l'nu;:; positivo interc;:lmbio de' opiniones
schr.'ê auuntos de interés re"iproco. y c ompr oon 1;' on , con.
sran satiz:tacci.éu, el exc~l",nte niyel en qu·~ St: encuou-
Como res1l1t~de a\'3 d.ichasconvers:ilciones if a-l":.im~
db:8 del mutuQ deseo dé àstgUl.'ar una es~ablc y :tl"llctii'.s:.
ra r€1=::wi6n entre lQS d·:)~ paises t amboz Cancilleres cc,!:;
Vienf~n en s1.1.scribir la sil!uient€ :
Lo's }~inis~ux~os :1.0 Reln~:~:1.o11~~S Ext,;~1,~i\:)r'3~ Qf:..l
P~ru ~y C~!"tile deo:~ l:),rnn C offiJ?lacid.oB q'Llc: ·e~rti'3- gx"'a to e:nl:!"!.1tZrl~
tro contrihuye n e5tr~char
alI:.hG~~ P[)J~S~1S (iu.(~ t 0!1 razür:. ~Ic ~3U vc:;c,~.ntla~l J' d.s 10;:; altoiJ
p.r<"J1)iÔ::::tt-:)5 fl"U.0 a~),ilf~an tt S"tl.~~ ·rH:::.p~;.\~t"i\ro~ (}t1b.t~::~"nc$, ~:?"~:L;{in
11<1rnr!';1Q~~ a e"lc,:;~"n;;<tx.~ ur; ~~:: ..... ~":,.~ ~''-~'~:-:' ·''':1.t,;~rlzii·!":'",i~~-r} ... t() s~!1}r".:: la
625
cl.-.it:a en S:3.n'tia.so en 1952" eIlt;.r~~ Cllil':~l 1~ ..~ t!.~~{1or)1" }?E~rô'l
m~rlii"esta:r~!,,-i~) Stl con)placf:ncitt pot' la.. rOxrm~i c01l~'!I'l~~~n~te ;l
cb:rt~3, truc ti V~:t en <;toue ~.. rr~bo 5 pB_l. Z (~~) c{:rlj1:1J.1.t.3,}nt~rlt~,<:: con (3 j~
11evado
ciones en ln !ercera
•••••••••••••••
H<ëltifican su cOllvencimiènto d.E: que la futur'$.
régimen interl1<3:.ciGnal pRr8 la exploraclôn y e:-.rplotac.
ior:;. dE: la Z::ma intcrnacional de 103 tondo,3 m3.rJ.l10S ~!.'.s.
conocida como Patrimonio Comun de la. Hu..rnanidaà, que
cont;r::m:ple la par?tic.ipacion conjlmta de tmit)B los pn.iS~~
c.0 er~ Z~l êipI'OV:E~C~lHm':Lt311:to Y' util.izaciô:o., que prDt·ej.::t Cl
10::: .Esi~;):~()s :;n d{;~::~n?I'oll.o y productores de log mincY"ales
en tierra1 de los efectos ariYe:csoz de la explotaci.
bn descon'trolada dt'3 aquel10s y quI.:;: favorez;ctl. el S811Q
deaenvolvimiento de laecouQ!!tia mundial.
Â41t:QZ pa:i..ses real'i.!.'IO,a.n, ::lI..1 mas amplio apoyo
al SÜ3tema Mad,timo Triparti.to repr€;~senti:'l.rlo po'!' la Comision
PerlllanentH del Paéifico Sur y. su. decL:iion de c,2:
labor:::.restrechaweute en 'êlla en todos 10:3 a:3:pectos
que BOIl d.F. "u Ctlnl!)f<t;RTIr,"L"l, p:O):t'ti('l,',l~'!"~f'~t'; \~'!" .,..<~ 1",:~~,"
UR,n os con la '"l. UVer:.> t~;l'. i3ac.,li.fQ n cientl, fica y la
a estublece~ moevcs canales afines.
626
aente D~cl~raci6n Conjunta.
le) Excc: lrmtLümo s::;-nor Hernân euti 110s Sallrlf;o. EXpr(~ " ~ .......
sé su 8~;;,·::cial agradecimiento P(;:<:~ la ir!vitacion y la
calul'o~w B.êo,::;ida que se lt~ brindo d.U.I'<,H1.te .su estada BE
Jos{~ d.i~ la Puente Rndhill s una invitaci6n p8.X'a visH;'Jl'
of:1.cialrr,e:nt.;-} la ItepÛhli.c::l de Chile} la que fù'§ acep1."1-
En te de 10 cm.\l zuscriben la presente DeG1E,
:rs.ciôn Conjllnte' l en. Lim.<:1, a les diez. y seis df~"H; d.el
Bx.cel{7Yltl..!;irno sf~nor: Errrba.jado·r
J O~lf:~ de la l?u:~nte Radb:Lll
EJ:'(! (: l~? rl t i ;;; i [HfJ. St:;: fl.G l~
.lIe:!::rt;?Jl C~~l)i.l.l.o·;:! Sal1at;.:)
627
Annex 106
JOINT DECLARATION OF THE MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU
AND CHILE, 16 JUNE 1978
(Archives of the Ministry Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
[ ... ]
They renew their full support to the purposes and princip les of the 1952 Declaration on
the Maritime Zone, signed in Santiago, between Chile, Ecuador and Peru, expressing
their satisfaction for the consistent and constructive way Peru and Chile, jointly with
Ecuador, have carried out their maritime policies and specially for the close coordination
oftheir positions in the Third Conference of the United Nations on the Law of the Sea.
Said Conference is favourably accepting the widespread recognition of the 200 maritime
miles doctrine proclaimed in such Declaration.
They ratify their conviction that the future Convention on Law of the Sea shall contain
an international regime for the exploration and exploitation of the seabed international
zone, recognised as Common Heritage ofMankind, which considers the joint participation
of aIl countries in their exploitation and use; protects developing States and producers
of mineraIs on Earth from the adverse effects of an uncontrolled exploitation; and finally
favour the proper development of the world economy.
Both countries reaffirm their full support to the Tripartite Maritime System represented
by the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific and their decision to collaborate
closely with it in aIl the aspects falling under their responsibility, particularly those
aspects related to scientific research and the preservation of the marine environment;
and, they reiterate the convenience that this commission invigorates its efforts so as to
establish new common channels.
[ ... ]
629
Annex 107
DECLARATION OF THE HEAD OF THE PERUVIAN DELEGATION,
AMBASSADOR ALFONSO ARIAS-SCHREIBER AT THE THIRD UNITED
NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 27 AUGUST 1980
(139th meeting, Ninth Session, Plenary Meeting.
Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea)
631
Annex 108
JOINT DECLARATION OF THE REPRESENTATIVES OF CHILE,
COLOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU AT THE THIRD UNITED NATIONS
CONFERENCE ON THE LAW OF THE SEA, 28 APRIL 1982
(Letter to the President of the Conference, A/CONF. 62/L. 143, 29 April 1982)
UNITED NATIONS
:i:l>'!'.<&nth S.s&&lOt!
lkf1 "'t!)t ~.}
8 ~tc:t~1-o'~0' Apri.l 1.9a~~
632
bloelUl.6"t/t.143
1~ ~t'tU H~2
2; NGL LSiI
Oro:t:m~): ,';P&~!S!i
1~.rtf$ ii.&'l't!J} l:.S ti'Flt. na2 E'Hoi< :;:-;!S; RWru.~rn't\'n\1ES Q~' ClUl.E,
ÇCLQMSIA t E::;UAJ)Ci' .. 1=v\ll'J P~B!l J:,Dû;OE:SSRD 'l'Cl 'l',!;? iP;?;Sll:iE«"r Dr
'mE :~mU's::?E:K::J
'l'he delegi:!til;:tl;S ot ChillO, Co.btd.riil, !:<:u&ë!cr anè ~tU wlsh to f<>Ùlt ont ti'j;~t th,;,
univenal !êëogl'litJ.Cl'l ot tha rignts of sov~r""tgntï ('u1é jw:3.r.rlil:t).Ol\ c!' t.ll~ CQ·:):!it.al
Stat.ewithir, the ~(HHllUe lirut l?tovio'l!ù .tc.~ irl th~ dt:.ft. CQn;:.-:.l':Ucr: is ~
tUl,'.dim:S:.~i:~l .1!clÜ~w~èni:: Qf t'lw: >:'o!Jtâ:.oi~;s ;t!l;;:&ben.i ci t.~e ?ernaootll:. (;oe,:Jn,s,ÜQ;) o! t;.~!?
:;6:.;:1:.1) t';:;~.iftc, in ~c::>~tèanc~ ~î.th tlle. haeic obj>.!cti.l.rl1.'sstet!l'~ in;:.':\:. $;.~r;ti3g(,
~cl~r.att~~ of 1~~2.
't.nCl>e él>jecüV'~iS i·w) .. ~I<n coe:pil~Q i)f:Û d:<<;<:h;:p",a !:ri th!!'. CCnver:t;.or: c:..n t:-:~ l,;:\ii'
ct' th" 5e<i, whiçh .il:iI::{)r~,i)t3t~$ ir,to iMlSrna.tiona1 la\J; pdj,d.pl&:$ ;:!1OE insUtutio::s
j.,tl1rjj êLte es!S~nti:ü for '" m,;:t~ fl.pp:.toprht:s and flli+~~ i'!lqlldtiSt~on of th,:::, teSC!1tCH
contÇj1rH!d in coo/:·t,Çjl w~t~r~, t·;> thf:' IX:!MU~ ~)f tht:: o'l/lir-ül è~.,'e:1{1pi:!!e}1t of the
pô<ople$ ~:)r:c~rnedlon tt,e !.:<"sis of thlO ibtt &r,,~ tlï~ ci~ht· b') prote!;;::' tf,'')St;
f. ~S(Y~·.t~~,tS !t11d t'~ ~()n$:::.~ve Md g;Jatante.e that ~8tut el ~~t$~l t.~ ict i.~"'.tc·s·;: ?e(il?l.e.~ ~
;)i1.~ ~~rs:ar.~l1t. C~~iS5iot~ Q·f the SOuth ?a"~ifl;:, ;~hos.:s ~ti~ir~l rY-;;;Sbttt;3 'Wf~xe
Chil~ f~i.!~dot and Pl1:t IJ > join~d la ter QI' Colclttl;:ia 1 nM cil~ )~ri 1;. ,':li naving Cef;:t, cll~:
tit~,~ tt:> d~H~J:lTh-::e th~ onj1S~t pta..~ tiat'5 G::-;.i~ti!l9 it~ th~ A~i:1titJS!e: sF-,ace3.î aTid of
l'alfing p.t\:l:f<osed a!>prol?t.l.'H.~ 1~9al SOli:iÜO)',;l, th""t',~hy cVJltrib\ltl!'l';l tome'~~'.
i'(;lop:~:i!nt r).( tlle n'!'li billot the 'l'S::3,
A/CONF vKZ,/L.l43
~n·~it::>l'!
gag~ :::
633
1.h* del'$'9·~ti"~in:$ l;~f ~1i3 ·o::>~n~"{i€s m!:tli~:ers o:~ t!~~ :f(.~~":r:~tJ~ht'· Sc~is.ëi!;n or i;l;ê
8c-u th ~~ci.:êtc h;..a;..~;~ tb.·:! .hwr,l.yt~~ t~) t:.?g:lt9S.'t:- ~~~t this ~.~ttf;;~ ~r:-'.3t~l~ b€: ':::~~rt"!ul~t~d ~ Ë
~t. c,fffJ;itl ~<~,~i:t~.s:t .-:..i. thf: Con,'=G'r~'EK:'$:~
~ §fi~;.~!3) r..t , ( ~~ iC :!.~\~~iÎ'.) 'S~'j{~~2
!~~1·:"1 {")t the :;e'~~*::.a~,i.z!J cf. Ch il~
~~~ ~1~ 1hi:::d ,Gr:d.t~~ *ati:t:~&!5!
(:~~:~f.~t~'i":.e~ ~)t: th-* ;:,a~f ~::"f.
t.b,e S€~
P~., Pl'ftCot!i:~ Jaf'A! ~ur~"!ic ?êlr~dt:~ (Slg~H~,dJ'
;l.~:!d :.~r tJ3~ ;y.;J.~;:lUo::! of 2cl.1i!ic.\-:;t
te tts~ ~1~:: t~. ~i.it~à Hàticns
eO~~·~~r:.c~ Où t.h~ tl4!~ t\f
t.~i: S~Hl
D~ \0 ~~~ctc: ;:;h~r~:;"hf;f!:Q?S~
B:,-;~;S.0. cf !:be: ~le~~&&:;io~ cf
Colc~l.b-ir~ ~~ ::ht~ rhi;.~(;
~it0:3 N;:r..ln!1s ()~)~i;z~~~r;c·:;:
::=.:1 t2l<i! ;;~~? ::;f t!'~:: .s.e:,~
~l;., Al:;t.::ms<:) Ari<t:s-;::;(:t,ri:'~b&!
n~i;d Cff. tb~ ~l~iJ.i:'~ùti.t!: ,yr
P-;;;ru te- the, 'rh j ~·é. :::;~:!. t-:sd
~tfo;).; Conf&t-3~l{~"è .:,n th~
tS)~( Ct eh~ s~~~
635
Annex 109
OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF
CHILE, OF 13 JUNE 1986
(Published in Chilean Journal 'El Mercurio')
636
CON t'ERU:
1;:;~"I:à OE , E ~ . D~ ,
,V1 I1J~~'O·j j"~U,U» !g1 MRm·On· ~,;:>p ,~-~p iff1l!!r~f1N.~ BU .l$~~' 6~~ ,")DM~4iiUe uli
l~ClDelinlit(Jci6nAllarii';ma
m ConoHE:'rio chilena enfrego ayer uncornuniccdo €on rclooon'o
informadone-s provénientes de Lima', dondese indÎcabo quese
esfoban desarrollondo negociocionès 00: tal Séntido,
l~l M:ÜÜstf!J'if.< de Rd"ôl)ues E.'(h~·' d,~ ambo!; p;;j;;{~;: *n 1;3 Cnm, iJ(iU r'er·,
;dJ.>r{~;; eùtr-eg6 '3}"e:~ un f:om~jnJ,t':!idù çl~~ n1~H1,ent(~ de.! l?a:;:ifitO Sur:- a.~>S t~UP.l~J t:j
:::! 1)l1e $eik{!:~ {.jlH~ "r.lpt}rtun;dn~~nt'1'> s<! n<:r:esidad de ,e.l't'rtél)'" l:'l ;;l~ciôn d{~ %t,~
.!;;5,.ü1 los ,;:,tudifJ;;· ;;ohre !a ddinüta.· ~!l.,t~d:~d"
).~tôn n1 ..1 rÜjrna' de C:hil.~ ~l .Pf~rü. E·n L~ op1)rrunjd~td :~{~ i,nte.r~3Jr,. .b i~~
gl Vl)ce:m :i~ l~ C~Ù1(;i.ll~:,i:~, ,f'~h!.) Hm t3.;:lblén [J'.mtr)'; de vist;: NI ,~!l;!J:!{»)
V~\kh~$ .. i~j'Jl;n~g(;. 10 d~clar~<:if:~u en r(~' a la l=<I)$}(::i)n d~. (."h:h~ fr-:?n~e' a :'.;t OfI~~{:pu~~
ta" 3. l~S. ~nf(:rnl:;H~Ü)n~?~ provt::~~~~~~ râ~a~~i{?~i L-;;lÜ~1t):;~fH':'~V~~::HJ:~ de 1)·~s~r!t;·
te'; ,ü'! Lmu, donde se Jnt1!.;:aba q,,~ e!,; .. ,.~J!;'.1~~.~çm.:;;.ntJQJ,gtEJ;:âb~1~.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,., ............. .
Min.i:;tro d~ Rd<ldon<~~' E.xti:'riOf'O:s pe.:::' . 2, .. ·c- JW.r;;ntt' ,::s,ta Y1sit;l, l.'1 E~'1>hâ:""""""
!"'u'l!:w. Allan\)/;~eri,:j", ~mbi:;t eipst's,1d<.< r jador :Et.kt.lla dlo 3. ·.;;onocer e! inh'.I:<"'.
11';;:< la'; du:> fj;H;'lQm~~ .'>{! <~Il(;uer.~:t.iin tra,' ~~ dei G(!bieri,o fl{::j'üano para inki;,nùH,:!
baj<1ndo en la celHmt~(Wn ffi:'lrlt!ffia" :: futunj CQJ1:\,N'saClûnl'!S f!ntre ~Il;b,)s
En el romtHllt';H.l,> ~;f! inform;, qn<' r fMiSe;;. iln~r'e:l do'! :,HS punto~ (!\~ \'hf;J. fi!',
f!::;tU\'fl r~dentenHmtè' "ri Sant:lj:gv el:~ f;:n':nh~:ù< la ddinutaci·ônmaritirnl, '
a:;,;sc;, d~ I~ C.,nclil'!o!-i3 pl'!rtlana, Juall r El M\ni,,~rO df! Ild;;J.. · .I{llH's: };;.:teri::tr','
ll~nd Bafiu!il, nM,~ o.uall;:ar d:V>::,~3~:: l'11:i ti!'rliehî.l<J en ,'(JHsider;;dl'in )"" !1tt,~ ..
lTH<~,::;i.~s r~13(,I<m3das cen este tema. :~ n~::;' r('j;:;çJt)m~s e>:istt:f!te~ en!r~~ ~mtXJ$
., El tex!» de! comuni":;Jd" d"l Mifli~· r paises, t!)ITiO rH,t:'l de 1<, Mlterio, m3~~i,
,g,n0 <Je r<et;;;<':)t)m,s F."t",nor,::s ~~s el ~l':~ fesnu'idn 'W'! f>PD,rttHlM$){jilh~ se nal';:n
gwente: kesWdl(' 5:)t>n~ d paH,(ul:l:r",
"Con rl'laci(În « h~:; ; nf~l nn,l<:Î om:-s"':':':':':':':'Sii=gm;{T:;:;;:':'~>H'si{'ll')~~r':f:';;nm~l!:f:fm::,'ls::':':':':':':':':':':':':
3;:>3n::\:idiiS en J;,; pl'ensa fel:'ltivas a 'lll<' el CM.H,:i1 h:r W,~gnet~SI;J'i~«!ù que: en la
5e estatian ;J/,;',ilHoB;smlD .;lç'RQciadQ' D(~;;!iHacjôn de $ant'.ilg'=', $us.;:rit •• lmr
nf!$. tmt;'1! Chilii' y rd ,Perù, ~flbre la de- ChU;:; y Pf:ni ,. se ,:?stilblecietQn nt1rHI3:,
limH;}<:ifHl l<ladüma de am1:.(.;:;. pa::;:.,,~, d S<.lt<n!' dd~mH?!c!(>n[J1~u''':t'lm;l, tlt' ~~ller-
Mifüstt~rto de iV:H;;(jones Extetitlres!je.- Üt> ;) h; Hn>::'l <le hi> p«raldüs
be ~el1>tI;;; 10 sîgI,.H{'r.tL 1'$n Qbst:mte, indic{} qu>;: t~n ~iK!ln:}"
,t."o': El !+:mtn;j.:Jdor ~}/,;'r<J;mdv rkH'! ç:j~l)$ no "5. f;! p:u<1l"le el '~lle ÙeC'lde d
Juà~i ,[Vhgü~l fktKuta ~il~sit6 r!:f:~f'ntt.'-· itnguh) f:;rr.üad? r::t.~ 1~s co:;t~$ d,e h:-~,
tn~tjte ·~·a C~H·H.;lB(:',ïjo chde:13. c-porOJ· p2'ise;;~ ;;1 ni' Ctnnl:lfhr- ~'X~i.{'t~m«nr€ (~}n
nid;,d èn' GU~.~>;:,'·BaM 12 r';J:rtk;p~d(În ~a !in::,i h'conteFÎl,-l.,
637
Annex 109
OFFICIAL COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF CHILE,
OF 13 JUNE 1986
(Published in Chilean Journal 'El Mercurio')
[ ... ]
During this visit, Ambassador Bakula expressed the interest of the Peruvian Government
to start future conversations between the two countries on their points of view regarding
maritime delimitation.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs, taking into consideration the good relations existing
between both countries, took note of the above stating that studies on this matter shaH
be carried out in due time.
[ ... ]
639
Annex 110
LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL CO-ORDINATES DEPOSITED BY CHILE
WITH THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS
ON 21 SEPTEMBER 2000
...... .; .. ,
.... J "".-;.
:.:.;.;. ;.
"
'. :;7. : :: ;. ;';:;';" ; ;
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;::::::: : .' .•..
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'.' ; .'. '.:.' .. : :. '. .; .'.:-
"'7 . .', ;. .: :. '. .... .' : .; ,', .:.'.; ;.'. '.;,', .; ;. ':.
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: .... " : ~:~ :::: :: ;: ;. ..... .','. : ; ,;
: ;. c
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.";'. Il
OP9
641
Annex 110
LIST OF GEOGRAPHICAL CO-ORDINATES DEPOSITED BY CHILE WITH THE
SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS ON 21 SEPTEMBER 2000
A
POINT
NO.
• 1
B
NAME OF GEOGRAPHICAL
ACCIDENT
S/D point
C
LATITUDE
SOUTH
18° 21' 00" S
D
LONGITUDE
WEST
70° 22'40"W
E
NO.OFCHART
EDITION YEAR
1101 -1998
F
DATUM
WGS -84
643
Annex 111
CHILE'S DEFENCE WHITE BOOK, 2002
(Ministry of Defenee of Chile <www.defensa.cl/libro-defensa/does/terr ~obl.pdf»
644
dcrechos de sobm.'MHil nadol1:l1. }k,sta la;:; ~~Oü:niJIa:-; nùuÜCaS (370 b!)$,). (un·
~ideraBdo qlJ(~ Chi1e poeE:!'; un lHoral que ab:lr;::;1 4.JOOktns., cakuLô(i;:;' latiWdina!
nl el1 le,. f(:·::,u!ta ana wperfide (.k ,">,.464.462 k!ns': de mal'. sin B1c1l.lil' la pH)yb~
ci(!n maritmi<l del tcrrii:orw antfwt.tCO chil·ôno, respec.to dei cua1 Orlk e;Î"::rc;;
c()mpetençja~, de acuerdn con los itlstT'UlrWnH}S jnt~ldi<:(is inf:ern;3Uonaks vi?~entes
aplic;3h!es en d àrea. Esto oi.Ofg'l a nl-lt;$tro pi.ll$ ~nu ~,it-:'WG::ôn de privHegjo
en nn océao() que càbra C;3c!<:l d1d t11;3.yor ünp(>rt,·:H(.l.:3. dclerH<1s de pn;s(:ntar, pn)p(!
n:,ionalm(:nt\~ a ~ll tenitorio .. una de las nwyores exoenstnnes de l.H(lr;~l f:TI el
rnutldo
Din'Hto de este espaeJo maritiH)o !:~ H(:cl"_;;uio t(:Ber pn;se-nte los signient':'$ (:on,..
GeptlJs:
~J NLrr'lLrntorial, de l~: mn. de (!Xêt':·JwÎ"')n (22 kms.). n1t:ditbs d(:sdc Îil:; li·
rF:;,iS ~k !X1S<:, dCHl::.k se cjf.':n:e $oberani;3. pkna, recorw(:it:ndo el (kn::cho Jt::
P;3S(l i.l.wcerHe (11:: naves ex::ranjnm, ejercWo (~n conj.~:!rm.idi3d con lil C:O!l\/en,.
ciôn de Naci.ones t:'nidas sobr(:t;] Dcrec!Jo dellll:'L3r.
IJ) Zona COl1i:igU':l, de 24 1'n1'1 (:H kr:1S.). C<)rHadas <l;:;St1::: la~; l:io()as de b:3se d
parth (.h:: bs cuaks St mide b anchura deI mal' t(Trii.uri;3I, dOH(k sç ejerci:'
ÎÎ:,cali;::adùn tanto pat'a prC!\'enil cong) para :-;anc.ionar înfr,l(:{:iorw:; ;3 la.s k~
yes y los reg:lmnen:os adUilrH~rOS, fj:>Gaks, lb inmigrac:iùn {J 1'ianitario:i.
(;} Zona Econà::nic:;;l Excll1~.I"a (Zl;:;F:\ f::ntendida COlno (: 1 ;,ir(:<! HJarHirri:l que
s,·: exHende hasta las ;mo ml!. (3'.7'{) krns .. L JY!i~did;IS d(:~.de bs Hnc:{l;;; d(~ ba~;e ..
donôl;:(:] E.<;:.Mkl ejl:~rce df.·'.recho:; de soh:ran1Zl <~1'l Cl!;lrH.lî:l la e>:p!ot;::r::.iôn. expkwacl!)
ii, t::or!:;·efv;~ci()n .v adrni.nistrac1c;n tklo~ H:CHn;o'S m~üH,~ilt.s YIV!)S}!
no vil':O$ (:xisl:ent<.:s en la nmsa de agui~. el. !lue\<) y el st; b<>!Jr:1o dd nli:lr, i.ISi
como.lurl1i(jicclôn i'CSfllX.to (k1 establecinrin1.to y lBuü!i2.acl,)n de hs jsla~; <rrtiikiales,
instahelone:i J eMrnctnras, dt: la trr...-csUgah6n ci{:ntil'it·<~ m.;;ll'În<l,
di: l.'l prur.ecciôn y presu .. ,Ii.lc-jôn de] InE:dio ambjentü y Ciiros derechos recu(
locidos pm la CcmsenClôn sobm f~l .Derecho dei 1\·1a1' de la~ NaciotJ(:s Uni·
das
.(\ckm,:,'ts, ChEe I.;oncil:;(è conm fvlar l'resencHll. cl espacio oce.:in!co c(jrnpn~(ldido
elîtn~ d hlîlite de nue~rtn! Zona f:Conôrnica Exclusivil y drneülÎiano qnf~, J:Hsando
por el Clccident;31 dl~ Î..'l plal.aforma contirg;nu31 de h hL'! de P<li;~;iH" se pro,
longa det:de el pamklo de! hito frontt,r!zo r';[" J hW;t;" 131 POlO Sllr. Ksü': (:(J!)(;(:pto
eKpf<::S;;l: la volulil,ad de t~.lercer pre~;(:nda en esta iin;;3 de 1;3 «ka max' Gon d p.ropôsüo
de pwyectaf :i.lltereSi:ii marÜin1(>s respecto deI ~'o:-;;t(J de };,: comunidad in"
ternadonaJ, '/lgi:lat d m{:dio mnblc:nte y <Xl!)S(:I,tar los recursos mdl'i.nO$, con
irresuic:w {,pt~go al r.):~n:cho lntl~rna(:iona!c
645
Annex 111
CHILE'S DEFENCE WHITE BOOK, 2002
(Ministry of Defence of Chile <www.defensa.cl/libro-defensa/docs/terr ~obl.pdf»
[ ... ]
Moreover, Chile conceives as Presential Sea the ocean space comprised between the
border of our Exclusive Economic Zone and the meridian that going through the western
[edge r of the continental shelf ofEaster Island stretches out from the parallel ofBoundary
Marker No. 1 up to the South Pole. This concept expresses the wish ofChile to have a
presence in this area of high seas for the purpose of proj ecting maritime interests with
respect to the rest of the international community, monitoring the environment and
preserving marine resources, with unrestricted adherence to International Law.
[ ... ]
* This word is mistakenly omitted in the Whiteook.
647
Annex 112
DECLARATION OF SANTIAGO OF 14 AUGUST 2002
Declaration on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary
of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacifie.
648
DECLARAC10N DE SANT1AGO 2002
LOS M!NlSTROS DE RELA,CIONES EXTERIORES DE LAS REPUBUCAS DE
CHllE y PERU, EL VICEMINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES DEL
ECUAOOR y EL V!CEMINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES PARA
ASUNTOS MULTILATERALES DE COlOMBIA, REUNlDOS EN SANTiAGO
DE GilLE, CON MOTIVO DE LA CELEBRACl6N DEL QUINCUAGESIMO
ANIVERSAR10 DE LA. "DECLARACION DE SANTIAGO" DE 1952, SOBRE
ZONA MARITIMA Y DE LA CREAC ION DE LA CPPS, EMITEN LA
SIGUIENTE
DECLARACION:
1. EXPRESAN SU SATISFACCION y ORGULLO Al CElEBRAR
C1NCUENTA ANOS DE LA OECLARACION DE SANTiAGO QUE
CONSAGRO EL PRINC1PIO DE LAS DOSCIENTAS MILLAS MARINAS,
EL QUE SE HA UNIVERSAUZADO EN LA PRÀCTICA DE LOS
ESTADOS, CaMO PARTE ESEN CIAL DEL DER ECHO DEL MAR
2. RINOEN UN SENTIDO HOMENAJE A lOS FORJAOORES DE LOS
PRINCIPIOS CONTENIDOS EN LA KDECLARACION DE SANTIAGO'1
DE 1952, QUIENES PROCLAMARON FOR FRUv1ERA VEZ UNA ZONA
MARITIMA JURISDICCtONAL DE OOSCIENTAS MILLAS, CON
FUNDAMEN'TOS ECONOM1CQS' y DE CONSERVACION Y, A
QUtENES LES CORRESPONDiO DEFENOER SU RECONOCIMIENTO
EN MUt TIPlES FOROS INTERNACIONALES HAST A LlEGAR A SU
CONSAGRACI6N EN EL NUEVO DERECHO DEL MAR.
3. RENUEVAN LA VIGENC!A y PROYECCION DE LOS PRINCtPIOS y
PROPOSITOS CONTENIDOS EN LA CITADA OECLARACION, ASI
COMO DE LOS INSTRUMENTOS INTERNACIONALES APROBADOS
PARA SU DESARROLLO.
649
4, RESPALDAN FIRMEMENTE LA FRUC"RFERA LABOR DE LA
COMlSION PERMANENTE DEL PACIFieo SUR. LA CUAL HA
COORDINADO LAS POUTICAS MARITIMAS DE CHILEj COLOM8IA,
ECUADOR y PERU y CUVA PRESENCIA EN LOS GRANDES FOROS
, INTERNACIONAlES HA TENIDO lMPORTANCIA EN LA EVOLUCION
DEL DERECHO DEL MAR, CONTR!BUYENOO SUSTANTIVAMENTE
AL ESTABLEC1MlENTO DE UNA POLITICA OCEAN ICA GLOBAL
5. REAFIRMAN EN TÀL SENTIDO LA POTESTAO DE SUS ESTADOS EN
LA ~::,ZONA JURISDICCIONAL DE 200 MILLAS DE EJERCER
OERECHOS SOBERANQS EN ELLA Y OICTAR LAS MEDIDAS
NECESARIAS PARA LA EXPLORACION, EXPLOTAC10N.
CONSERVAC10N y AOMINISTRAC10N DE lOS RECURSOS QUE EN
ELLA' ""SE ENCUENTRAN1 DE CONFORMIOAD CON LOS
INSTRUMENTOS y PRÀCTICAS UN!VERSALMENTE ACEPTADOS1
CO~("ESPECIAl REFERENCIA A lA CONVENCION DE lAS
NACIONES UNIDAS SOBRE EL DERECHO DEL MAR. ASIMISMO
REiTERAN SU DERECHO SOBERANO SOBRE SUS PUERTOS y LOS
DERECHOS PREFERENCIALES QUE LES CORRESPONDENt EN SU
. cASÔ,;ÈN LA ALTA MAR.
6.,OECiOEN'QUE LA PRESENCIA DE lÀ CPPS DEBE PROYECTARSE
,.E~~;Er;OCEANO PACIFleo, EN SU CONDICION DE ACUERDO
.MARITJMo REGIONAL y OPCION ESTRATEGICA POUTICA y
()PE,RATIVA EN EL PACIFleo SUOESTE, ,
7 SE::CONGRATULAN POR LA RECIENTE tNAUGURAC10N DE LA
SÈDE PERMANENTE DE LA CPPS EN LA CIUDAD DE GUAYAQUIL,
ECUADOR, ASI COMO POR LA CONCLUSION DEL PROCESO DE
REESTRUCTURACION y MODERNIZACION ORGANICA DE LA
MISMA
8. REITERAN LA CONVEN1ENCIA DE CONT1NUAR LA ACGION
CONJUNTA EN LOS FOROS INTERNACIONALES COMPETENTES,
CON MIRAS A REFORZAR y CONSOUDAR lOS PRINCIPIOS y
OBJETIVOS DE LA. ORGAN!ZA,C10N, ESTABLECIDA CaMO UN
SISTEMA REGIONAL M,A,RiTIMO.
650
9. OEST.!\C.AN QUE EN ESTOS CiNCUENT,A, ANOS EN LOS QUE LOS
ESTADOS COSTEROS DEL PAc1FICO SUDESTE HAN
ADM1N!STRADO LA ZONA MAR1T1MA DE DOSC!ENTAS MILLAS, HA
PERMITIDO QUE ESTA SEA UNA DE LAS AREAS DEL MUNDO
MENOS CONTAMINADA. EN LA CUAL: LA. RIQUEZA.
HIDROBIOLOGICA. SE EXPLOTA DE MANERA SUSTENTABlE.
10. CELEBRAN LA SUSCRIPC!ON, EN AGOSTO DE 2000. DEL
",ACUERDO MARCO PARA l CONSERVACION DE LOS RECURSOS
vivas M,A.R!NOS EN LA ALTA MAR DEL PACIFICO SUDESTE" 0
~ACUERDO DE GALAPAGOS", EL CUAL, UNA VEZ EN VIGOR,
ESTARA AB!ERTO A LA ADHESION DE TERCEROS ESTADOS QUE
TENGAN UN lNTERES ESTABLECIDO EN EL AREA DE APUCACION
DEL CONVENIO.
1 t MANIF1ESTAN QUE DICHO ACUERDO ES PARTE FUNDAMENTAL
DEL SISTEMA REGIONAL MARITIMO DEL PACIFleo SUDESTE,
ORiENTADO A ESTA.BLECER UN REG!MEN ARMONICO DE
CONSERVACION y PROTECCION DE LOS RECURSOS vives
tviARJNOS, EN BENEFiCIO DE SUS PUEBLOS RlBERENOS,
12 ACUERDAN QUE LA ORGANlZACION DEBE CONCENTRAR SUS
ACTIVIDADES PRINCIPALMENTE EN tJ\ COORDINACION POUTICA
REGIONAL SOBRE TEMAS OCEANICOS. LAIMPLEMENTACION y
DESARROLLO DEL "ACUERDO DE GALAPAGOS") LA
INVEST1GACION CIENT1FICA SOBRE LAS ALTERACIONES
OCEANICO-ATMOSFERICASl PARTICULARMENTE EL FENOMENO
DE "E;L NlfJO"; y) LAS, ACCIONES DE OROENAMIENTO,
CONSERVACION y PROTECCION REGIONAL DEL MEDIO
AMBlENTE MARINO Y MANEJO INTEGRAL DE ZONAS MARtNO~
COSTER4S, AS! COMO A COOPERA.R y PROMOVER LA EFIClENCIA
DE LA, PESCA ARTESANAL E INDUSTRIAL
13 EXPRESAN SU PREOCUPACION POR El INCREMENTO DE
ACTIVlDADES iUCITAS EN El PAC!FleO $UDESTE y DECIDEN
lNSTRUIR A. sus CANCILLERIAS y A LA SECRETARIA GENERAL
PARA QUE, CON EL APOYO DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES
!NTERNACiON,ALES PERTINENTES~ PROMUEVAN UNA MAYOR
COOROINAC!ON Y COOPERACION REGIONAL A TODO NIVEL, A
FIN DE ERRADICARLAS,
651
14. CONVIENEN EN PROMOVER E IMPULSAfl EL DESARROLLO DE lJ.\
!NOUSTRIA PESQUERA REGIONAL BAJO CRITERIOS
SUSTENTA8LES, LA TRANSFERENCIA DE TECNOLOG1A, LA.
PROMOCION DE INVERS10NES y LA REALIZACION DE RONDAS DE
NEGOCIOS.
15. MANlFlESTAN SU FIRME DESACUERDO CON LA APUCACION DE
RESTRICCIONES UNlLATER..-'\lES E INJUSTlF1CAOAS AL
COMERCIO DE PRODUCTOS PESQIJEROS y AL OTORGAMIENTO
DE SUBSIO!OS QUE AllENTAN UNA PESCA NO SUSTENTABLE
PARA HACER FRENTEA TALES DESAFIOS INSTRUYEN A SUS
CANCllLERIAS, CON EL APOYO DE LA SECRETARIA GENERAL, A
QUE FORTALEZCAN LAS CAPACIDADES DE NEGOCIACION y
ASEGUREN EL DISENO DE UNA ESTRATEGIA REGIONAL
16. REITERAN SU MAS .A.MPUO RESPALDO POUT~Ç0 Al PlAN OF.
AcelON DEL PACIFleo SUDESTE y SU COMPROMISO DE
FORTALECER ESTE MECANISMO DE COOPERAC!ON REGIONAL
EN SUS ASPECTOS !NSTITUCIONALES, JURIOiCOS y
F!NANCIEROS A FIN DE ASEGURAR EL EF!CAZ CUMPUMIENTO DE
LOS OBJETIVOS DEL M1SMO.
17, EXPRESAN QUE LA FRUCTIFERA COOPERACION MANTENIDA
DURANTE ESTOS CINCUENTA ANOS, HA ESTRECHADO LA
RELACION y ELENTENDIMIENTO ENTRE SUS NACIONES, LA CUAL
LOS COMPROMETE A SEGUIR TRABAJANDO UNIDOS PQR EL
COMUN DEST!NO DE SUS PUEBLOS. LA PROTECCION DE SUS
RECURSOS y SU DESARROLLO MARITIMO,
652
EL MINlSTRO DE RELA.CIONES EXTER10RES DE LA REPU8UCA
DEL PERU, EL VICEMINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES DEL
ECUADOR, y EL VICEMINISTRO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES
PARA ASUNTOS MULTILATERALES OE.COLOMBIA, AGREDECEN
DE ESPECIAL MANERA AL PUEBlO y G081ERNO DE CHI lE SU
CALtDA HOSPITALlDAD y MUESTRAS DE AMISTAD, QUE
REFRENDAN LOS SENT1~\l1IENTOS DE HERMANDAD Y lOS lAZOS
DE COOPERA.C!ON DE LOS PAISES MIEMBROS DE LA CPPS.
LEIDA y APR08ADA U\ PRESENTE DECLAR/\CION. SE FIRMA EN
LA C!UDAD DE SANT!!~GO A LOS 14 DIAS DEL MES DE AGOSTO DE
2002.
~ .1
.. /·Y /~7.~_~ .. v .• /'L~ .... _ / ~ • t
JA!ME M.ARCHAN
V!CEM!N!STRQ OE RElACICNES EXi.ERlORES
E.CUADOR
ALLAN WAGNER TiZON
M1NI$TR:Q DE RELACKlNES E>,iERIORES
PE~U
~ //7. ' , {-C /. J \ ~.u.b.~ .. "\. J.AI.ME GIRON QUARTE
\1c€MiNISTRO oe ASUNTOS MUl TU mW.ES
COLOMBIA
653
Annex 112
DECLARATION OF SANTIAGO OF 14 AUGUST 2002
The Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Republics ofChile and Peru, the Vice-Minister
of Foreign Affairs ofEcuador, and the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs for Multilateral
Affairs of Colombia, convened at Santiago de Chile, on the ocassion of the fiftieth
anniversary of the "Declaration of Santiago" of 1952 on the maritime zone and the
establishment of the SPPC (South Pacific Permanent Commission), DO HEREBY ISSUE
THE FOLLOWING DECLARATION:
1. Express their satisfaction and pride in celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the
Declaration of Santiago which sanctioned the principle of two hundred nautical miles,
which has generalised in the practice of States, as an essential part of the Law of the Sea.
2. They pay tribute to the developers of the principles contained in the 1952 'Declaration
of Santiago " who proclaimed for the first time a two hundred-mile maritime jurisdictional
zone, based on economic and conservation grounds, and who were tasked with defending
the recognition of said zone in multiple international forums up to its sanction in the
new Law of the Sea.
3. They renew the legal force and projection of the principles and purposes contained
in the above mentioned declaration, as weIl as that of the international instruments
approved for their development.
4. Firmly support the fruitful work of the Permanent Commission for the South
Pacific, which has coordinated the maritime policies of Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and
654
Peru, and whose presence in important international forums has had importance upon
the evolution of the Law of the Sea, widely contributing to the establishment of a global
oceanic policy.
5. They reaffirm, in this sense, the legal authority of their States to exercise their
sovereign rights in the 200-mile jurisdictional zone, and to issue the necessary measures
for the exploration, exploitation, conservation and administration of the resources found
therein, in conformity with the universally accepted instruments and practices, with
special reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Likewise,
they reiterate their sovereign rights over their ports and the preferential rights they are
entitled to, where appropriate, in the high seas.
6. They decide that the presence of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific
must be extended throughout the Pacific Ocean, given the organisation's capacity as a
regional maritime agreement and as a strategic, political and operational option for the
South East Pacific.
7. They congratulate one another for the recent inauguration of the permanent
headquarters of the Permanent Commission for the South Pacific in the city of Guayaquil,
Ecuador, as weIl as for the completion of the organisation's re-structuring and
modernisation process.
8. They reiterate the convenience of continuingjoint actions in competent international
fora, with the aim of strengthening and consolidating the organisation's principles and
objectives, established as a regional maritime system.
9. They emphasise that these fi ft y years during which the Southeast Pacific coastal
States have administered the two-hundred-mile maritime zone, have enabled this area
to become one of the less contaminated areas of the world, where hydro biological
resources are exploited in a sustainable manner.
10. They applaud the signing, in August 2000, of the "FrameworkAgreement for the
Conservation of Living Marine Resources in the High Seas of the Southeast Pacific"
also known as "Galapagos Agreement", which, once in force, shall be open to the
655
accession of third States that have an established interest within the agreement's
enforcement area.
Il. They express that such Agreement is an essential component of the Southeast
Pacific regional maritime system, aimed at establishing a harmonious regime to conserve
and protect living marine resources to the benefit of their coastal populations.
12. They agree that the organisation must mainly focus its activities on the regional
political coordination of ocean related matters, the implementation and development of
the Galapagos Agreement, the scientific research on oceanic- atmospheric alterations,
especially El N iiio phenomenon; as weIl as on actions for the regional regulation,
conservation and protection of the marine environment and the overall management of
coastal marine zones, along with cooperating and promoting the efficiency of traditional
and industrial fishing activities.
13. They express their concern about the increase ofunlawful activities through out
the Southeast Pacific and decide to instruct their Ministries of Foreign Affairs and the
General Secretariat, to promote increased regional coordination and cooperation, at every
level, with the support of the relevant international organisations, in order to eradicate
such operations.
14. They agree to promo te and further the development of the regional fishing industry
under sustainable criteria, transfer of technology, and promotion of investments, and
realisation of rounds of negotiation.
15. They express their firm disagreement as to the application of unilateral and
unjustified restrictions to the trade of fishery products and the granting of subsidies
which encourage non-sustainable fishing operations. In order to face such challenges,
the states instruct their Ministries of Foreign Affairs, with the support of the General
Secretariat, to strengthen their negotiation capacities and to ensure the design of a regional
strategy.
16. They reiterate their full political support to the Southeast Pacific Plan of Action
and their commitment to strengthen this regional cooperation mechanism in its
656
institutional, legal and financial aspects, in order to ensure the effective compliance of
the plan's objectives.
17. They express that the fruitful cooperation maintained during these fifty years, has
strengthened the relationship and understanding between their nations, which commits
them to keep working jointly on the basis of the common destiny of their nations, the
protection of their resources, and maritime development.
The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Peru, the Vice-Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Ecuador, and the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs for Multilateral Affairs of
Colombia, express their gratitude toward the people and the Government of Chile, for
their warm hospitality and friendship, which renew the fraternal relationship and
cooperation links of the member states of the Permanent Commission for the South
Pacific.
Having read and approved this Declaration, it is hereby signed at the city of Santiago on
the 14 day of August of the year 2002.
(signed) MARIA SOLEDAD ALVEAR V ALENZUELA
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Chile
(signed) ALLAN WAGNER TIZON
Minister of Foreign Affairs
Peru
(signed) JAIME MARCHÂN
Vice-Minister of Foreign
Ecuador
(signed) JAIME GIRON DUARTE
Affairs
Vice-Minister of Multilateral Affairs
Colombia
657
Annex 113
JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF
PERU AND CHILE, RIo DE JANEIRO, 4 N OVEMBER 2004
(Archives of the Ministry Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
658
COMIJNlCADO COr-;Jt:>lTO DE LOS MINlSTROS DE Rf:.LAC"iONES
EXTERJORES OEL PERU y CHILE
Lcs Cauciller!!!; de! Pern y Chllc, nos hemo!i Ttunido cnd mmw de 12 XVUI
Curnbre de jcfe~; de E!';tado y ck GobirnlQ de! Gmpo de: Rio y hemQs p;j.sado rt'>,ist~ a
t(ldos lQS as:pe~tos .de ta rehd6n hllakGÙ. En esc contc-x:to, b~mm cllincididc sobtt! el
hK"1l ~!;t"Jdo d~ dich!1 rcb.dôn y p~rticuÎ:lrmt:nte sobre el dirurrnÎsnm d.e los Yinculo~
cconômico5 y comcrcîmes, <!sÎ coma todo~ 10$ astmtos de la coopcmciém in~iUcio!"ial.
Los C3flt::ill~htmas reafi1'1Imdo (\Ut'! e1 tema df: ta dclirnitaci6n m2..;;Û:rol mire
arobos pai5e5; ltsp~.o de! cu.al talcrnos posidone..<> distmtas:, es ttn3 oecstlon de
natur:tlo"" . Juridic.a· y que constituye elilrictamente un asunta bilatc:ral que no dcb~
intcrfcrir en cl dcsi.UT01Jo po~j{jvo de !a re1u:d6n cntn:: Peril y Chj!c:,
Ambos CanciUeres, deStaQmù}; la importlncia de la proxima vÎr.ita al P;:;ru dd
Presidente dcf Scnado asi coma dtl Camandantc en Jefc dc:l Ejérclto d~ ChilI!. La~
refer~das visitas, son ~rcsi6n de la vobmbd poHtica posiriva de 105 Gobicrn03 dd Pe..-i
y Chik pa.'"a continu.ar desruroTIando tod05 los aspeçtcs coor:rativQs de la rdadon
bilarer.al, E.n cr.c man:o~ hemos &cidido qut el Ministro d:e Re:hu;:itlnfS txtenm"'...s de
Cbilc tt..,Uce 11na \/lsita aficial al Pd :mt~ de! 31 de dkttmlbre dei Vl'escntc afw. Dc
mar.ern c.om:spandien~ et Mtili,;tro dl: Rd.'\cÎom:s Ex1'enores deI P~eftctuari \;11:1
vi~îta oficial a Santiago el primer tr!me:Slre dei 2005,
L(l!; Cancilkm de! Pcnl y Chile al d~ar, asimismo elprùx.imo etu.:uentrc de
iQ~ mandata-i(l$ de l{):.'i dos p&stS tn ct desattOUo de 13. Cumbrc de. AVEC. renfhmanla
VOhllltaI.1. de St.lS Gobi~s de lniclar el prt.lceso con miras a la ntgov-1ad6n de un T ratado
de .wbrc C()mr.rcio,
M.3nud RCldriSUtz Cuadws
Ministrn de Rdationes ElI:teriar~ d~l Pern.
659
Annex 113
JOINT COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE MINISTERS OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF PERU AND
CHILE, RIo DE JANEIRO, 4 NOVEMBER 2004
(Archives of the Ministry Foreign Affairs ofPeru)
We, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs ofPeru and Chile, have met within the framework
of the XVIII Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Rio Group and have
revised aIl aspects of the bilateral relation. In such context, we have coincided in the
good condition of such relation and, particularly, on the dynamism of the economic
and commercial relations, as weIl as on aIl the matters related to institutional
cooperation.
We, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs have reiterated that the subject of maritime
delimitation between both countries, in respect ofwhich we have different positions, is
a question of juridical nature and it strictly constitutes a bilateral issue that must not
interfere in the positive development of the relationship between Peru and Chile.
We, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs, have both emphasized the importance of the next
visit to Peru of the President of the Senate and of the Commander-in-ChiefofChilean
Army. These visits are the expression of the positive political willingness of the
Governments of Peru and Chile to continue developing aIl the cooperation aspects of
the bilateral relation. Within this framework, we have decided that the Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Chile should make an official visit to Peru before 31 December of the present
year. Accordingly, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Peru will make an official visit to
Santiago during the first quarter of2005.
AIso, the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Peru and Chile, when highlighting the next
meeting of Presidents ofboth countries during the APEC Summit, reaffirm the willingness
660
of their Governments to begin the process aimed at negotiating a Free Trade Agreement.
Rio de Janeiro, 4 November 2004
(signed)
MANUEL RODRîGUEZ CUADROS
Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Pern
(signed)
IGNACIO W ALKER
Minister of Foreign
Affairs of Chile
661
Annex 114
STATEMENT BY CHILE OF 12 SEPTEMBER 2007
(Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea,
Maritime Space Legislation and Treaties Database
<http://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILESI
communications/chile_statement_september2007.pdf> accessed 21 Nov 2008)
662
La Division sobre el Oerecho dei Mar y Asuntos Oceânicos, secd6n
legislaci6n 'l Tratr:l(.1as, ha puolicado recientemente èn su pagina electr6nica
una copia dei Decrefa Svpremo N"047~ 2007 .- RE djctado pOl" el Gobierno de
la RepùOlica de! Perû, con fer.na '12 de agosto de 2007, el que Conüene un
rnap~.
El Gobjerno de la Republica de Chile expresa $1) de$~cuerdQ par la utiHzaci6n
por pa.rte dei Pern de este medio para divulgar posiciones que desconOC..en 11')$
tratados vjgentes respecto a ia delimitacJon marHima con Chiie, El Decre!o
SUf}rernO en cuestiôn y el n'lapa que se induye, pretend en atribuir al Perù un
area rnarftima que estâ sujeta plenamente a la soberania y derec1los
soberanos de Chile. as! c{)mo un érea de s!ta mar adyaoente a la misma las
proyecciones que et Peru muestra al sur dei limite fronterizo vigente no son
aceptiotoies para Chlle y careoende todo efecto juridic:o in!emaciooaL
Ch!!E! y Perû estab!ec!eroo su !îmite maritimo en el paralelo 13"2:1'03" de latlwd
sur. conforme a la Dedaraci6n de Santiago de 1952 'f ai GOflvenio de 1954
sobre Zt')na Especial Fronteriza Maritima .. Este ifmite fue rnaterializado en
terreno seglin las Actas de los Representantes. de Chlle y Peru, de 26 de abri!
de "196:8 '{de 22 de agoslo de 1969,
El Gobierno üe !a Repûblica de ChUe reitera Que C'ontfOuarà ejerciendo
plenamente tados los derechos que le corresponden (m los espacios. bajo su
soberaoia y jurlsdicci6n al amparo dei derechù intemadonal.
663
The United Nations Division for Ooea!1 Affa:rsaod the Law of the Sea has
recently published in its website, under the Legislation and Treaties section, a
copy of Supreme Decree No. 047-2007-RE, issued by the Govemment of the
Republic of PeRlon 12 August 200"1, whic.!1 includes a. map.
nIe Govemment of the RepubHc of ChlIe wishes to e:.:pres.$ its disa:{)reement
with the uti!ization by Peru of this website to dissemînate positions t..ontrai)< tn
the maritime delimltanon treatiesin f.orce ~Jlth CMe. The intent of the
aforementioned Supreme Decree and mapis to attnbute te Peru a mantlme
are~t which is fully subject tù the soverelgnty and sovereign rights of Chile, as
weI! as an adjacent are.a of the Higtl Seas. Map projections shown by Peru
south (If the pôral!e! that constitutes the maritime bouMary in force I,~'ith Chile
are not acceptable and do not have any international !ega1 effect
Ghîle and Peru estab!ished iheir maritime boundary based on pafaJ!eI1{r'21'03~
south latitude, in confurmity with the 1952 Santiago Declaration and the 19S1.t
Agreement on the Special Maritime 8oundar)' Zone. This msrlbme boundar~'
was rnatenalized Dy Acts of Representatives of Chile and Peru datBd
26 Aprtl1968 and 22 August 100.9.
The Govemment of the R&publîc of ChHe wisnes to reiterate that it wil! continue
to exerctse al! rights caITesponding to spaces under its sovereigflty and
jurÎsdiction iofull c:onformity with internationallaw.
665
Annex 115
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PERU'S EQUIDISTANCE CLAIM LINE
666
Aigoritbms Used in tbe Caloolation of the PerulChile
Equidistanee ·Une
TI...ree algorithm!:i have bee.n empJoyed in the proCCS5 of computing the equidi::aance line
betwecn Peril and Chile. Th.e purpose cf u~ing m\ütipk algorilhms if< to insurelhai theresult ilS
'Ont an 3Itifa(;! of the algorithm er.aployt~d. Addilionally, li mc.tl1od of redudng the numoot of
mming point~ along the ei-!uidistant:e Une is des:etibed.
AH èakulatiOE15 have bt~rl compute.cl on the WoeHs4 el!ip~oid., and al! distant.-es are
çomputed along arcs of great cird:es or geodesic~.
'Th:: finl! point ()n Ille t~quidistàl1çe Hne Ü. (ht~ mklIxünt of the two points. Orle on each
çoast that l~ nem-e~t to each other. These are the flrst two mrmd points and Ihis mldpQint is the
beginning o.f ùle :fir:;t segment o·f the equidistance l!!li::. Thelle (WO point!> will be oetcrred w a~':A [,
and "B ". The midpQint il} re[errcd W aS !X)int QP".
J) The bearings from "p. 1.0 ".t'V' am.! to "EH an.~ computze!. "pH ts rep!aced with !i point
tl1at is "ID mel.c.r/> [rom "P" on .1.'1. b:earing 1'l1at bistx'l.!; these two be,arings. Th;::: dhaan.;e b-etween this
new point "r' an<i every !X)int on both cnilsts is computed. If aU of the. distanc.es are 1.1rgcr than:
the. di~tanc{:li lo points ., A" and ~B H , theo·n the algotlthm ~tums te stt:p l,
2) If the distanq:· oetween "P";md ;sorne, point "C' on one of the cousts, is smaHer than
~l:le distailc;es to: ., A ~ and "B ~. then the end of this segmellt has been mughly fCUJld atl'J'". TIle
final tlJnlÏng point i.l> computed a~ the pOÜlt that 1S equidi.<>tant :from points /. A" ,"B f', and ·'C". Thi!>
tl.lnJing point is round by l:In lterati\'c mcthod. This become:; thi:i new poim "P". The tuming pOlrlt
"po' is assodated wiù, the contml points ['A ", ~B ~. al1d HC' .
3) If 'le" 15 a point on t.'1e .'lame coa~t as point "N', then "A" is replaced by ·C',
otnf!.r\>\<isc, "W' is mpJaoed hy "C".
4) If the dmance between point "P" andpoinL'i "A ~ and ~H" is. le~s thnn 200 rl.àmjcal
mile~. the ~,!gorjthrn rcm.rns tO step 1. Othe.wise, the poüJt is found rhllt i~ 100 l'lIlutÎcal miJes ffOm
Oo~h "A ,. and ·'B'·. This is k'1e, s<:awarrl terminal point on the equj(Hstance Une.
Tht~ fir:>lt poirit on the equidÜ\lançe line Ül the midpoint of the two points, one on each
coast that is ncarcSl to catch (liner. This is the, origin of the equidistam:e Hile !lS referred (0 aS poiut
"·O~.
Geodesie Une ~egments from point "0" <tre considered. The lMgÙl of there 8f!.gments
varit:s from 0 t(~ 200 H<tutica! mik.'>. The ocarillgi-l of tJleSt~ 1inc li'egments are varicd unül one i~
fouml suçh that tht~ end p'lint of the 8cgmcnt is equidistant from both t'oasts. {n computing me
di!itance tQ the C(>3St~. the t'oastsare treated as a set of geodesic segments .c:onnectmg the pfovided
667
page 2
com;t de.finitiofl!<. The nellrestpoim on one cmlst ma)' be bet ..... ecn provided. pOints. The set of t~nd
points of the:se gwde:sic segment;s comprt>;c the t':quidi;sranct~ hue.
This method cloes net natur,Hly derem:üJ:W a Sel. of turnlng PQints. and ('(Hure! points. but it
provide.~ a line ülat can oc. comparecl to ot.l1et met:ho:d.~.
For Iwo coastHne;s üefim.' .Ù by sets of pOÎlltg wc want to find the Hne equ-ally distant from
both coas!.iine3, The CQ&5tlinf. PQints that influ!:':t!t'e !he equidistant lini!', are ca!led control. point~,
The equidi~tant Imc is defined by a set of mming points.
TIll:< melhod used to nnd the equidisrant hne tunüng potntl! i~ based on the Ob1>erlfatiml
thl1t at Il t.\.l.ming point ~here &.te 3 equally distant contl'\JI points. The points on the equidistanlline
belween the mrnlng points are e.qually distant from 2 control points. l\t a turning point, the
(;Olltrol pOInt on Olle coastline is replnted by a nl!w control point on th~( same coastiine, The
çontro! pnint ml the other cna1>tJiuc stnys the snme .. Aftcr initialu.aüun. dependi.ng on whether the
CQa~tlines shan:: a comITwn point nrnot, tbe mc:thod ,,(ruts with knnwll control points, one on eaçh
coast. A ~earch iJ. made. fol' the third c044'"01 point Ihat ùe.nne" a turning poinL A test POL'lt ls
stepped along the coast frOm the cnntrol point, !'irst 011 one coast, thcn the other. At caçh step
check the test point t>..~, see lf tt is a new control point. lt will be i.I o.mtroi point if there <:ir'! no
çoastHne pnintq infilde a circle through the (WO 1<:nown contrel poinu. and the test point, and û'1e
center of Ille cirde is Hot on theothel' ",Ide of tbe coasl.S fmm {he knnwn (urnlng points. The
çheekin,g is done on fhe.ellipsoid. When a ne ..... çomw! point is fou na it rep!noeJl the control point
on the sam::: C03.5L The process rcpeats until there .are no more. çoast points lO check.
The "wrning poi·nts" on the equidistanoe Hne aoe de.fitmd by the lr:msfer [rom om~· control
point to anothe:r on the main land co<!stlinc, but in somk inst;mcc{; the:::e tnml>fefl> do nnt
correspond to an actuat change of becaring I..ln !he. etluÎl;lj~t::mcc Hn:::. Our initial computation
p-roduccd a {Nal of 65 turning pOinL'i- ru span tt'le 200 n3.uüca! mile~ breadth of e-ach Stat.es
maritime entitlcmcrlL The l1uinber nf tuming pnjm. ~. '.Vas the~ reduced to tbose that corre:.pond (n
si.gnificant changt~8 of bearütg by c:limiuztiJJg points thlÙ am lleaf to the tine cmmeçting
~lJrroundin,g points. If ail of the "tnming poiJjtg" bt~twwn points "A" and "B (' are within 20 meter~
of the Hne cotlt!ecting "A" and "B", then tho~e i.u!.enne.m<ite point!> ha\'c boeu eliminated frmI+ the
eqUlctl!ltance lin!!. Thi!i proces5 ha!:' been employed to teduoe the 65 computc,d tllmÎl1g points
düwll (ü 26 turning points. The ürigin point on ,he mainland CQ~t and the terminatlon poin~ at the·
200 mmtical mile lirnit were Hot affc..:te<L
(I? ~p~-; )()f ~
Or. Robert Jensen MI. RaylmJ!ld Stt~mer
Peru/ChUe Equidistance Turning Points
Point ~t.J. liltitude (WGS-84) umçitude (WGS-I!.4) Coestil! Contro! Poirlt No. 1 COll$tal Omtro! POint No. 2 C03Sti)1 Control Peint No. J
(Iamud~l ~ longitude l
1
,llItitude~ ,lc:n~jhldel (latitude} I,!Oî!jitudel
jjljjjf
~:~:~:~:
1 BI' .2.1' 08.0"5 JO"' 22:' 39,O"W
::::::!:
LIT ';':.:.;. 18.351699" S }O.3778911l IN HU52SB9" S 70.377063" W l 13" 28' 1'3.1"5 JO"' 31' rnu·w 1 i 18.3S1699~ S 10.3778tWW 18-486422" 5 70.3l032:f:1°W liI.352:'89U s 70.377(l63~ VI
2 IB~ 2B' lf.9"5 70~ :n' 32,7"W 18,324913" S 700408383Ç W 18.4594.12" S 70.330575° W OE.32549bw S }O.4û7S72g W
:3 î 8" 29' 09.4"5 JO~ 33' !l:~U"W HI,3115S7" S 700426850" W 18,492402° S 70.330322° W ~;~fr OE.319551 N s }C!.41SS12~ w
4 18a 29' 54J>"5 70" 34' 4L7''W 111..307065" S 70.43.l3'W' VI ::::::::; 18.556496° S 70.338279° W
ill!!!!!
H3.492402u S IO.33Uan" w
5 18H 30' .013.2"5 70" 3&' 59S'W 1 HI.2BS!8t9" S 70.457552" W jjjl11f 18558347" S 70,338667° W 16.30118711 S 7f,!A41379~ w
6 18R 31' 31.!J:"5 70" 38' 5B .l''W 18.277003.'" 5 70.476l:54~ W 1 18.558347<> S 70338667° W 1 16.289-256'" S 70.4SB317~ W
7 18~ 32' 43.7"5 70" 41' 44.S"W 18.259023~ S 70..504933.° W 18.581941 <1 S 7Q.341892° lN IB.2637S3~ S 70.'1973538 W
8 18~ 33' 42.0"5 70" 43' SG.l''W 1 HL240S64°S 7o..$354OBO W 18 .. 643143<> S 1Q,350734° W 1B5819:-41" S 711.3418928 W
9 t8U 35' 04 .. 8"5 70" 47' mi .1''W 18,222787'" S ?o..5fi.!:i3{)So W 18.643143<1 S 1Q.3S0734° W ;~~~;~~;. 18.2359:19" S 7.05430373 W
10 18~)6' 28SS 70" 50' O1.9"W 18, .. 2025.22& S 70.6!):J.87tj.~ W i 18.643143° S 1Q,35Q734" W ~!!!!l 18.2I6601 ~ S 70516598" w 0\
0\
11 18~ 3}' :HS'5 7{1" 51' 49.S'·W i8,1BO·l8I)o S 70,646049'" W 18.643143<: S 10.350734° W 18.202522" 5 7O.&OlS16~ w 00
12 18~ ill' 0&.8"5 7(1° 58' P .S"W 18 ,.1B(! 1.81)0 S 70,646049" W 18.793119<1 S 7Q,3S9619" W i 1 S.MWI3" 5 7O,3S0779u w
13 183 41' 24.0"S 70° 58' 5B S'W HI.î61544~ S 70.6792:24" W 18.793119" S 1Q.359619" iN H!.l80180" S 70,&450493 W
14 183 49' 44,2"5 n" 17' 15.8'W ~1~~i 18, 150 16\)~ S 70.6932:38' W m~~;~1 1I'i.794112<> S 70359592" iN 18.161544" S ?O.&79224U W
15 182 S1' 19.5"_ n° 20' 4DSW r~~~j 18.136821° S 70.709481" W i Hl.794HJo 5 70.359592" lN :.:.:.:.: Hl,1501MB S 7O.6:93n8~ w
~~~~f 16 18R 54' 22 .• 6"5 no) 27' 04,)"W
l!:!:!l:
1.8.0!484ï" s 70.87909 t" W 18.797095° 5 70.3:i9297" W
1111:1'
Hl,1.3682.1" S 70,109481~ 'Vol
11 l8u 59' 44 • .1"5 n° 36' 03,s"W 1.8.009558" S 70.587061" W 18,826&45° 5 70.3:i441/l" W Hl.Ol4é!47~ S 'IO,819C!91~ IN
lB 19R 11' 10.1"5 no 5S' 43,?"W ~;~~l~;~ 1.7:8&6806" S 71,09:6461;" W 1 18,8315.5!:l" 5 70.353:S2!l" W Hl.(109!:i58~ S 7{I,887061" VI
::::::::
19 19u l2' 16,9"S 71° 57' 2O.?"W ~:~:~:~: ··Ü.S66806"'S· 71.09:646&" W 19',OH:l493° 5 70.:316930" W ;':';':',
Hl.8315S8~ 5 70,353520" IN
2D 19~ 20' 06A"5 nI) 10' 19.Q"W
Illl!!1
1.7. 86680&° S 71.09:645&" W HU1329Tl<> 5 70.286533° W ;j~j~j~j; 19.01B493~ S 70,316930" iN
21 19Q 2.1' 08.1"5 nI) ll' 2U."?"W 17.707130" S 71.381U9:" W 19.2132977" S 70,286533" 'Il 1 17.866.806" S 71,0'3M669 IN
22 1.9R 22' 33.6"S 7'1." M' 39.Q"W i 17.707130" S 71.381U9:" W :::::::: 19309084° S 70.28S19S" W 19.182977" S 70,t86533" 'W
23 19" ~8' 56,7'5 n° 58' Hi,O"W 17.707120" S 71.381119" W ~llli!! 19"602181" S 70.2:i9343" W 19.309:084" S 7Q,2.85195" W
2.4 lOR 10' 10.3"5 73° 38' 42,6''W 17.71m30" S 71.281U9:" W 20SJS43(J° S 70. 19a770" W 19.602181~ S ]0,2.39343" IN
25 <',0" li' :i?.l3"5 73'" 43' 5Q.Q"W 17.707130° S 71.381119" W ~::!:;!: 20,53a43(JO S 70. 19anG" W
Dr. Robert Jensen
Principal Staff Scientist
669
Johns HopkhlS AppHcd Physicg Laboratoty
Dr. Jensen received his Ph, D. in mathematics in 1978 from the University of Wisconsin,
Madison. Since that time, Dr. Jensen .nas been profes5ionaUy involvcd in a varlet y of
scientific and engineering srudies .. This work has: relied he.'lvily on computer an.alys1s f)f
data. and computer simulation ofengineering: systen1S and ccmponent performance. Dr.
Jensen has developed algorWn:ns and writt.en software to implernent these algodthms for
m.an)! areas of scientitïc study such a.", radio navigation of spacet;ra.ft (for which he hold:;
thrce patients), for synchtorütaüon f)f COIlllTIl.lnicatioll systems (for which he hoids. one
patient), and for the operation and data proccssing ofnovel radar systems Lor aircraft and
space, to name just a few. Ttus \vork has OtltlU publ ished Hl refereed professional joumals
and prescntcda1 intemaûonaJ professiona{ aocieL)' meetings. He is expert ln a varicty of
computer pmgramn1ing languages, including object oriented C++ and PERL, <, ... ·hk:h are
being used tu support the work described in fuis document
Mr. Raymond Sterner
Senior StaffMathematküm
Johns Hopkins Applied Physks Laboratory
t-.fr. Stemct l'cc{:Îved his M-S. in mathematics in 1986 from Johns Hopkins lhli versity,
For the past thirty years Mr. Sterner has been inyalved 'with computer graphies, writing
software in support ()f sç·ien1ific ex.petiments, data analysis and display, and satellite
image processing. He writes m()st ofhis 50ft"~'afe progr:-dmmîng in roL computer
language, which Î5 uscd ln many Gelds of science, and he ls theauthor of a libl'&ty of
computing routines fuat is înwide use today. 'J'wo groU'ps that current use his software are
the Space Telescope Science Jnstimte and the GoddanlSpace Flight Center. mL ha. ... also
beNl used to s:uppoxt the work d.escribcd i!.1 this documêut. Mt'. Stemct has bCCI1 involved
in making .and pubhshing maps sÜlce the carly d.evelopmental stages of tht~ World \-Vide
Web. These maps have bCCfl userl in numcrous appli<..~a1Wns induding thQse of the U.S.
Air Force, Arm)' Corpa (JfEngineers, the National Ocecauographic and Atmospheric
Administration. and man)' others.Hls maps have appeared ln books, movies, magazine
articles, and numerous web pages. llis ma1n map page Jnay be found nt
btt:pfl;ferml.,ibuapl.edu/statc:Sl.
Volume III - Annexes 61-115