Volume 3 (Annexes 31-66)

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER
PEDRA BRANCA/ PULAU BATU PUTEH,
MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE
(MALAYSIA/ S1NGAPORE)
REPLY OF
SINGAPORE
VOLUME 3
( Annexes 31 to 66 )
25 NOVEMBER 2005

Number
Annex 31
Annex 32
Annex 33
Annex 34
Annex 35
Annex 36
Annex 37
Annex 38
Annex 39
Annex 40
Annex 41
Annex 42
LIST OF ANNEXES
(VOLUME 3)
Description
Extracts from Temperley on The Merchant Shipping Acts
(6th ed., 1963)
Extracts from Tarling N., Piracy and Politics in the Malay
World (1963)
Extracts from Orders for Ships Patrolling in Defence of West
Malaysian Seaboard, 2nd ed., promulgated by the Naval
Officer-in-Charge, West Malaysia of the Royal Malaysian
Navy and the Commander, Far East Fleet of the Royal Navy
on 25 Mar 1965 (MALPOS 11)
Extracts from Roberts-Wray K., Commonwealth and
Colonial law (1966)
Extracts from Meteorological Services Malaysia and
Singapore, Summary of Observations for 1966
Extracts from Meteorological Service Malaysia, Summary of
Observations/or 1967
Communique on the Five-Power Conference on Far East
Defence dated 11 June 1968
Malaysia Parliamentary Debates (Dewan Rakyat) on
"Malaysia/Singapore Joint Defence", 14 June 1968 ·
"Singapore Orders Six Fast Patrol Boats" in Straits Times
dated 19 June 1968
Note by Kajapathy A. (First Secretary, Singapore High
Commission in Malaysia) regarding meeting with Hamzah
bin Majeed (Assistant Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Malaysia) on 3 Sep 1968
Correspondence concerning Visit of Minister for
Communications (Singapore) to Pulau Pisang in Sep 1971
Correspondence from 1972 to 1974 concerning plans for
land reclamation in sea areas off Pedra Branca
Annexes
Page No.
213
221
243
255
263
275
287
293
297
299
301
303
Number Description
Annexes
Page No.
Annex 43 Correspondence concerning Visit of Minister of State for 307
Communications (Singapore) to Pedra Branca in Sep 1974
Annex 44 Letter from Lai V. (Acting Deputy Director, Port of 313
Singapore Authority) and Goh C. K. (Director of Marine) to
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Communications dated 20
Nov 1974
Annex 45 Letter from Ravendran T. ( on behalf of Controller of 317
Navigational Aids) to Director Engineering Services
Division, Port of Singapore Authority dated 19 June 1975
Annex46 Letter from Sathaye N. N. (Hydrographer, Port of Singapore 319
Authority) to Permanent Secretary, Ministry of
Communications dated 28 Aug 1975
Annex 47 "Royal Navy says goodbye to Singapore" in Times of 323
London dated 25 Sep 1975
Annex 48 Letter from Ravendran T. ( on behalf of Controller of 325
Navigational Aids) to Hydrographer, Port of Singapore
Authority dated 4 Nov 1975
Annex 49 Correspondence concerning Visit of Senior Minister of State 327
for Communications (Singapore) to Pedra Branca in May
1976
Annex 50 Report from Singapore Police Force concerning Arrest of 3 333
Indonesians by Singapore Navy Vessel RSS Sea Lion for
Committing Piracy on Singapore Fishing Vessels Near
Horsburgh Lighthouse on 26 June 1977
Annex 51 Note by Kishore Mahbubani (Counsellor, Singapore High 339
Commission in Malaysia) regarding meeting with Halim Ali
(Principal Assistant Secretary, South East Asia, Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, Malaysia) on 13 Apr 1978
Annex 52 Investigation Report into the Grounding of the Panamanian 341
Cargo Vessel, MV "Yuseung-Ho" at Horsburgh dated 14
Dec 1979
Annex 53 Extracts from Trocki C., Prince of Pirates: The 349
Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore
(1979)
Number Description Annexes
Page No.
Annex 54 Excerpts from Press Conference by Malaysian Prime 351
Minister Hussein Onn and Singapore Prime Minister Lee
Kuan Yew on 13 May 1980
Annex 55 "3 Missing after Navy Launch Sinks" in Straits Times dated 353
26 June 1980 and "Missing RSN Men: It's Misadventure" in
Straits Times dated 11 July 1981
Annex 56 Extracts from The Republic of Singapore Navy, Naval 355
Archives (Singapore) (1988)
Annex 57 Malaysia's Note EC 8/2003 dated 14 Jan 2003 365
Annex 58 Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Press Release on 377
Collision between M V. Everise Glory and M V Uni
Concord dated 4 June 2005
Annex 59 Letter from Segar M (Port Master, Singapore) to Raja Datuk 379
Malik (Director General, Malaysia Marine Department)
dated 9 June 2005
Annex 60 Singapore's Note MF A/SEA/0001712005 dated 13 June 2005 381
Annex 61 Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs Press Releases 387
SFA-AGR-389-05 dated 17 June 2005, SFA-AGR-405-05
dated 21 June 2005 and SFA-AGR-423-05 dated 24 June
2005
Annex 62 Singapore's Note MF A/SEA/00025/2005 dated 29 July 2005 391
Annex 63 Malaysia's Notes No. EC 74/2005 dated 2 Aug 2005, No. EC 405
75/2005 dated 2 Aug 2005, and No. EC 76/2005 dated 2 Aug
2005
Annex 64 Singapore's Note MF A/SEA/00026/2005 dated 3 Aug 2005 415
Annex 65 Malaysia's Note No. EC 77/2005 dated 3 Aug 2005 419
Annex 66 Joint Statement from the Governments of Malaysia and 421
Singapore on Removal of Sunken Vessel M V Everise Glory
dated 5 Aug 2005

Annex 31
Extracts from
Temperley on The Merchant Shipping Acts
(6th ed., 1963)

BRITISH
SHIPPING LAWS
11
The Merchant Shipping Acts
BY
WALDO PORGES, M.A.
of Christ Church, Oxford, and of Lincoln's Inn;
one oJ Her Majes(Y's Counsel
and
MICHAEL THOMAS, LL.B.
of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at~Law;
LONDON
STEVENS & SONS
1963
1 213 1
214
First EdUion
Secood Edition
Third Edition
Fourth &!Won
Fi/th Edition
Sixth Edition
EDITTONS OF TE~PERLEY
(1895) By R. Temperley
(1907) By R. Temperley and H. S. Moore, assisted by
A. Buckmll
(1922)
(1932)
(1954)
}
By R. Temperley and
William Lennox McNair
By The Hon. Sir Wi/Nam Lennox McNair and John
Philippe Han.our
(1963) By W aJdo l'orges and Michael Thomas
Published in 1963 by
Stevens & Sons Limited of
11 New Fetter Lane London E.C.4
and printed in Great Britain
by The Eastern Press Limited
of London and Reading
l#J::.;: .. :,~.·::··. ·_:.- ~. ;~~,
L:raRAR\\ -
SINGAPOll-,
!J_ Cf . , - 1l l
1~,
©
Stevens & Sons Limited, London
1963
PREFACE
THE manner in which earlier editions of this work have presented
merchant shipping legislation has received much approval and we have,
therefore, followed the general lines previously adopted. It will, however,
be noted that paragraph numbers have been added, to which the index
and the tables refer. The book now forms part of the British Shipping
Laws series and the paragraph numbers. enable easy cross-references to
be made to other volumes of the series. They ~ also facilitate reference
to supplements which it is intended to issue from time to time.
Nearly ten years have elapsed since the publication of the last edition.
In this interval alterations and additions have been made to legislation
affecting merchant shipping. In particular, the Merchant Shipping Act,
1954; the Merchant Shipping (Liability of Shipowners and Others) Act,
1958; and the Merchant Shipping (Minicoy Lighthouse) Act, 1960, have
been added and annotated. Two recent Acts which, although not strictly
Merchant Shipping Acts, bear upon the duties of shipmasters and the
liabilities of shipowners, namely, the Oil in Jvavigable Waters Act, 1955,
and the relevant portions of the Clean Air Act, 1956, have also been
included. The notes to the last edition have been revised where necessary
to take account of recent decisions and legislation, including_ Statutory
Instruments, and also new developments such as Hovercraft. In particular,
the notes to Part VIII of the 1894 Act (which deals with limitation
of liability) have been extensively rewritteh in the light of important
changes in the law. The notes to Part VI of the 1894 Act have been
expanded as required to cover the subject-matter of Macmillan. Shipping
Inquiries and Courts, last published in 1929.
The inclusion of the book in the British Shipping Laws series has
enabled us to refer the reader to other volumes of the series for matters
with which they are particularly concerned and so to avoid duplication;
for example, the Collision Regulations, which are extensively dealt with
in Marsden's Collisions at Sea, Volume 4 of the series, have been omitted
from the present volume. By courtesy of the Controller of Her Majesty's
Stationery Office we have been able to set out a specimen form of" Ship's
Articles" as an Appendix. The Oil in Navigable Waters Bill, 1963,
which is expected to become law soon after the publication of this book,
and which will extend the restrictions upon the disposal of oil from ships,
has also been included. The substitution within square brackets of the
words " Minister of Transport " for " Board of Trade " whenever they
occur in the text of the Statutes and Statutory Instrumen.ts will, it is
thought, be an improvement.
V
215
1 21s 1
Preface
The Admiralty Registrar, Mr. K. C. McGuflie, one of the Editors
of the British Shipping Laws series, read the proofs and we are indebted
to him for many valuable suggestions. We also wish to record our
appreciation of the time and trouble taken by Mr. A. H. Kent of the
Treasury Solicitor's Department of the Ministry of Transport and his
colleagues in checking many details which we referred to him. We are
grateful too to Mr. Ge.rard Horton of the Middle Temple, who assisted
us on various points of commercial law, and to Mr. J. C. Tylor of the
Middle Temple, who revised the index.
The law is stated as at April 22, 1963.
April 22, 1963.
vi
WALDO PORGFS
MICHAEL THOMAS
PART VI-SPECIAL SHIPPING INQUIRIES AND COURTS
737 The following special shipping inquiries and courts are regulated by this Part
of the Act: (i) Preliminary inquiries before inspecting officers of coastguards, or
chief officers of customs, or the Minister of Transport's nominee (section 465);
(ii) formal investigations before courts of summary jurisdiction or wreck com.
missioners (section 466); (iii) inquiries into conduct of certificated officers before
the Minister of Transport's nominee, local marine board, or court of summary
jurisdiction (section 471); (iv) rehearings and appeals (section 475); (v) inquiries
and investigations before colonial courts (section 478); (vi) naval courts on the
high seas and abroad (sections 480-486); (vii) courts of survey (sections 487-
489); and (viii) references to scientific referees (section 490).
Reference should also be made to the following provisions of M. S. A., 1906:
section 66, appeals from decision on investigation of shipping casualties; section
67, power of naval courts to send a person sentenced to imprisonment home to
undergo sentence; and section 68, appeals from naval courts.
Inquiries and Investigations as to Shipping Casualties
Shipping casualties
738 464. For the purpose of inquiries and investigations under this
Part of this Act a shipping casualty shall be deemed to occur:-
(!) when on or near the coasts of the United Kingdom 1 any ship 2
is lost, abandoned, or materially damaged;
(2) when on or near the coasts of the United Kingdom any ship
has been stranded or damaged; and any witness is found in the
United Kingdom 8 ;
(3) when on or near the coasts of the United Kingdom 1 any ship
causes loss or material damage to any other ship;
( 4) when any loss of life ensues by reason of any casualty happening
to or on board any ship on or near the coasts of the United
Kingdom;
(5) when in any place any such loss, abandonment, material dam•
age, or casualty as above mentioned occilrs,4 and any witness
is found in the United IGngdom;
(6) when in any place any British ship 5 is stranded or damaged,
and any witness is found in the United Kingdom 3 ;
(7) when any British ship 6 is lost or is supposed to have been lost,
and any evidence is obtainable in the United Kingdom as to the
circumstances under which she proceeded to sea or was last heard
of.8
1 .. On or near the coasts of the Unite.d Kingdom;" semble, means within territorial
waters. See The Fulham (1898] P. 206; and see note (2) to s. 546. As to colonies, sees. 478.
2 " Ship; " as to the meaning of this term, see s. 742, and note ( 4) thereto.
In F,x p. Ferguson there cited, it was held that a fishing " coble " was a " ship "
292
217
218
875 Merchant Shipping Act, 1894 [s. 545
Her Majesty may, by Order in Council, direct that the provisions of
this Part of this Act with reference to salvage of life shall, subject to any
conditions and qualifications contained in the Order, apply, and those
provisions shall accordingly apply to those services as if they were rendered
in saving life from ships within British jurisdiction.
By an Order in Council dated April 7, 1864, the earlier corresponding provisions of
M. S. A., 1854, and M. S. A., 1862, were applied to Prussian ships. (As to saving of Orders
in Council, sees. 745.) This Order, which is the only exercise of this power, may now be
regarded as obsolete.
Salvage of cargo or wreck
876 546. Where any vessel 1 is wrecked, stranded, or in distress at any
place on or near 2 the coasts of the United Kingdom 3 or any tidal water
within the limits of the United Kingdom, and services are rendered by
any person .s. in assisting that vessel or saving the cargo or apparel of
that vessel or any part thereof, and where services are rendered by any
person other than a receiver in saving any wreck,6 there shall be payable
to the salvor by the owner 6 of the vessel, cargo, apparel, or wreck, a
reasonable amount of salvage to be determined in case of dispute m
manner hereinafter mentioned
877 The effect of this section, which reproduces s. 458 of the M. S. A., 1854. is to give the
Admiralty Court jurisdiction over claims for services in the nature of salvage rendered
otherwise than on the high seas. As regards services on the high seas, the Court of Admiralty
had long exercised jurisdiction whatever the nationally of the salvors or the property
salved, provided that the property had b~n brought within its jurisdiction. For the
statutory steps by which the present position was reached, see Kennedy, Civil Salvage,
4th ed., Chapter 12.
878 l For definition of .. vessel," see s. 742 and cases there cited in notes (3) and (4).
SALVAGE CLAIM AGAINST THE CROWN OR FOREIGN POWERS.
(i) Apart from the Crown Proceedings Act,. 1947:~
Tue Admiralty Court will not enforce claims in rem or in personam for salvage of
sbi.ps or goods belonging to H.M. Government or to a foreign power. See The Prins
Frederick (1820) 2 Dods. 451; The Constitution (1879) 4 P.O. 39; The Parlement Beige
(1880) 5 P.O. 197; 42 L.T. 273 (C.A.) (collision); Young v. S.S. Scotia [1903] A.C. 501
(P.C.); even though the vessel is employed in ordinary commercial pursuits; The
Parlement Beige, supra; The Porto Alexandre [1920] P. 30 (C.A.); unless the goods,
though belonging to a sovereign power, are carried at a private charterer's risk; Port
Victor (Cargo ex) [1901] P. 243. See, too, The Jassy. [1906] P. 270. Hence, in The
Broadmayne [1916] P. 64, where the ship was requisitioned by the government .after
a salvage claim had attached, an action instituted after the requisition was stayed for
such time as the vessel remained under requisition in the service of the Crown, since,
by reason of the requisition, the vessel, for the time being, belonged ·to the class of " things
which are allowed to be, and from their nature must be exempt and free from all private
rights and claims of individuals, inasmuch as if these claims were to be allowed against
them, the arrest, the judicial possession and judicial sale incident to such proceedings
would divert them from those public uses to which they are destined." The Parlement
Beige, supra (1880) 5 P.D. at p. 210. The British Government usually, and foreign
powers occasionally, submit to the jurisdiction of the cowt when claims are made
against them. See Roscoe's Admiralty Practice, 5th ed. (1931), p. 256; The Prins
Frederick, supra (foreign government); The Marquis of Huntley (1835) 3 Hagg.Adm.
246; The Constitution. supra.
(ii) Claims against the Crown under the Crown Proceedings Act, 1947:-
By s. 8 of this Act the law relating to civil salvage whether of life or property (except
ss. 551-554 of the M. S. A., 1894, or any corresponding provisions relating to aircraft)
applies in relation to salvage services rendered after the commencement of the Act
360
879
880
881
s. 546] Wreck and Salvage 881
~--.
(i.e., January t. 1948) in assisting any of H.M. ships or aircraft (as defined bys. 38 (2))
or in saving life therefrom, or in saving any cargo or apparel belonging to Her Majesty
in United Kingdom right in the same manner as if the ship, aircraft, cargo or apparel
belonged to a private person; but (i) no claim for salvage lies against the Crown in respect
of anything done to, or suffered in relation to, any postal packets which then are being
carried by sea and air (ibid .• s. 9 (6) ) and (u) proceedings in rem in respect of any claim
against the Crown, the arrest, detention, or sale, of RM. ships, aircraft, cargo or other
property, and liens against such property are excluded in s. 29 (I) with power to the
court, where proceedings in rem have been instituted against Crown property in the
reasonable belief that it did not belong to the Crown, to order that the proceedings be
treated as if they were in personam against the Crown: ibid., s. 29 (2).
z Gorell Barnes J. held that a place 20 miles off the coast was not within these words,
and thought (but without expressing a final opinion) that the limit to be placed upon
them was the territorial limits of the Kingdom. The Fulham [1898] P. 206; affirmed [1899]
P. 251. .. Tidal water" is defined ins. 742.
3 •• United Kingdom " here includes the Republic of Ireland. See note " Application
to Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland " in notes to s. 742.
4 .. Any person.''-" What is a salvor? A person who without any particular relation
to a ship in distress proffers useful service, and gives it as a volunteer adventurer without
any pre-existing covenant that connected him. with the duty of employing himself for
the preservation of the ship"; per Lord Stowell in The Neptune (1824) 1 Hagg.Adm. 227,
236. " A salvage service in the view of the Court of Admiralty may be described sufficiently
for practical purposes as a service which saves or helps to save a recognised subject
of salvage when in danger, if the rendering of such service is voluntary in the sense of being
solely attributable neither to pre-existing contractual or official duty owed to the owner
of the salved property nor to the interest of self-preservation.'' Kennedy, Civil Salvage,
4th ed., p. 5.
Under certain circwnstances persons already in a "particular relation to the ship
in distress" may be entitled to rank as salvors. For example:
Pilots.-A pilot may be entitled to salvage reward where the circumstances of the
vessel when he takes charge are such as to make;:his services more than mere pilotage.
Akerblom v. Price (1881) 7 Q.B.D. 129; followed in The Santiago (1900) 83 LT. 439;
9 Asp. 147, where the pilot was on board the salving vessel. But he must show not merely
that the ship was in distress, but that she was in danger of being Jost, and that he was
called upon to incur such unusual danger or responsibility, or to exercise such unusual
skill or perform such an unusual kind of service, as to make it unjust that he should be
paid otherwise than upon the terms of salvage reward. Akerblom v. Price, supra. And
that which was originally a pilotage service may, by supervening casualties, become a
service entitled to salvage reward. Ibid.; and The Saratoga (1861) Lush. 318. See also
The Frederick (1838) 1 W.Rob. 16; The Aglaia (1886) 13 P.D-. 160; The .IE.olus (1873)
L.R. 4 A. & E. 29.
The burden of proof is on the pilot. The Azolus. supra. See, too, The Bedeburn
[1914) P. 146. "It is not in the interests of the mercantile community to give any countenance
to the idea that a pilot compulsorily in charge of a disabled vessel can easily convert
himself into a salvor." Ibid. per Sir S. Evans P., at p. 151. For a recent example, see
The Driade [1959} 2 Lloyd's Rep. 311.
For regulations as to salvage claims by local pilots and special local legislation in
respect thereof, see Kennedy, Civil Salvage, 4th ed., pp. 44-45,. notes (1)-{5).
Towage or salvage-" ... if in the performance of a contract of towage an unforeseen
and extraordinary peril arises to the vessel towed, the [tug] is n:ot at liberty to abandon the
vessel, but is bound to render her the necessary assistance, and thereupon is entitled to
salvage reward." Per Dr. Lushington in The Saratoga (1861) Lush. 318, at p. 321. In
any case the court will examine a salvage claim by a tug under a towage contract •• with
the closest attention and not without some degree of jealousy.'' The Minnehaha (1861)
Lush. 335, where the subject is discussed at length. The test is, whether supervening
circumstances make the services wholly different from those contemplated by the parties
when entering into the towage agreement. The White Star (1866) L.R. 1 A. & E. 68;
The Westbourne (1889) 14 P.D. 132. See, too, The Marechal Suchet [1911] P. 1; The Glenmorven,
29 T.L.R. 412; [1913] P .. 141; The Leon Blum, 31 T.L.R .• 2, 582; [1915] P. 90, 290
(C.A.) (towage for fixed sum-" no cure, no pay, no salvage services"). But there can
be no right to salvage when the danger to the tow was caused by the negligence of the tug.
The Due d'Aumale [1904] P. 60.
Miscellaneous salvors.-The servants of a general lighthouse authority engaged in
perfonning their statutory duty of removing wrecks under s. 531 may be entitled to claim
361
219

Annex 32
Extracts from
Tarling N., Piracy and Politics in the .Malay World (1963)

Piracy and Politics
in the Malay World
A STUDY OF BRITISH IMPERIALISM
IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY SOUTH-EAST ASIA
---------~-------------
Nicholas Tarling
M.A., PH,D., F,R,A.S., F.R.HIST.S.
Senior Lecturer in History
in the University of Queensland
• DONALD MOORE GALLERY
SINGAPORE
1.221
222
Those wishing to understand modern South-east
Asia will lind many' dues in a study of the
European lnfhi.ences at work in the nineteenth
<:entury. Of these perhaps the most important was
the policy of Great Britain, the predominant
power 1n the area ..
In the maritime .region-the "Malay world" of
present-day "Malaysia", Indonesia and the Philippines-
the suppression of pfoi.cy bulked large
among British activities.
In many previous accounts ot the subject, piracy
was seen simply as an impediment to the expanding
comme.rce of the British settlements in the
Straits of Malacca, something to be put down
by the Navy or by Raja Bzook.e of Sarawak.
While repexamining the documentary evidence,
Dr Tarling came to qu<'stion the applicability
of the term "p.itacy" as generally understood in
a European context lo ostensibly comparable
phenorn~na in the Ma.lay world. In the nineteenth
century it was applied to marauding which originated
in the dislocation of the political system of
the area following the expansion of Ewopean
commerce and control.. The term "piracy" was
often used without the necessary qualification of
its distinguishing connexion with politics.
If this is one explanation of the prevalence of
"piracy", another is found in the nature of British
policy. Local officials were enjoined by their
GO\•ernment not- to intervene in indigenous politics.
In seeklng to develop British influence and
encourage Straits merchants, therefore, they often
exaggerated the :incidence of piracy and employed
the term to describe other sorts of .robbery and
vioknce which they also wished to deal with.
So the suppression of pitacy played a considerable
part in defining the political map of the
Malny wo!ld and modifying i.ts social structure,
proce5ses already well advanced before the vast
economic changes of the latter decades of the
century.
If this is the trc::nd of the story, it is yet ooe
also of human endeavour and failwe, of invasion
and resistance, of international cooperation and
conSict, of enslavement, greed and death. But the
author hopes that most of all the reader will
recognise the story of the suppression of piracy
not as a mdodrama with our understanding extended
to one side only, but rather as a tragedy
in which both sides a1e caught up io the procr:
ssts of things in time and are neither completely
r.ight nor wrong .
:Jetrer
Book:
.,.
Jacket design by
Vane li.~~e.s~!. ____ .~.i
INTRODUCTION
The chief problem in the historiography of the Malay world in the
nineteenth century is to appraise the impact of Europeanisation in the
economic, social, cultural and political fields. In this the study of
Britain's activities must play an important part since, thanks to her
economic expansion, she became, from the late eighteenth century, the
major power in southern Asia, and her policies thus chiefly determined
the degree and course of this Europeanisation. In turn the "suppression
of piracy" had an important share in nineteenth~century British policy
in the area. The reasons for this, and its significance, this work
purposes to discuss.
The great sociologist, J. C. van Leur, warned against applying
European categories to the description of Asian social and economic
phenomena.1 In a sense this warning applies also to the concept of
"piracy" which carries from its European context certain shades of
meaning and overtones which render inexact its application even to
ostensibly comparable Asian phenomena. In the nineteenth century
itself, as wiIJ be shown, there were often differences or doubts as
to the proper application of the term. The fact is that it was, like
"state" or ''administration" or "aristocracy_", a European term, the
fitting of which to the Asian situation was in itself a piece of
Europeanisation. Indeed, in this case, that of a term with a criminal
connotation, it tended to involve an· unfavourable moral judgement
passed by Europeans on non-Europeans. Robbery and violence indeed
existed: but to describe them as piracy attributed them to lesser
motives thani in the light of history, may often be fairly suggested for
them.
Since the purpose of this work is, however, to describe the part
played by the "suppression of piracy" in British policy in the nineteenth
century, it might be thought unnecessary to move beyond this
general warning in appraising or criticising the contemporary application
of the term, or to attempt to describe what was or was not really
piracy. To do so would be to involve the historian further than is
avoidable in a degree of Europeanisation that itself could falsify the
consideration of the study of the European impact in the Malay region.
Attempts to apply the term in an inter-cultural context are neither
meaningful nor valuable: it is necessary to avoid commitment to
irrelevant notions of international law and morality.
If, however, matters of judgement and motivation are involved, it
is also necessary to be fair to the Europeans who believed they were
suppressing piracy. Certainly there were robbery and violence, and in
1
223
224
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
many cases it was not quite unreasonable, in the contemporary context,
to consider them piracy. The desire to do away with such violence
and make the seas safe for the peaceful trader was praiseworthy.
Sometimes, on the other hand, piracy was used as an excuse for inter.
vention, though even that might have worthy motives. Sometimes
excessive violence retaliated upon violence. Yet only in rare cases was
the term piracy so twisted in its application as seriously to impugn
European motives. The Common Law, international law, and
Admiralty instructions, of ten tended to exert a restraining inBuence,
as did the non•intervention policy of the superior authorities in India
and in London. If, therefore, it is not a question, as many Europeans
thought in the nineteenth century~ of black versus white, nor can
the position be simply reversed. The story of the suppression of piracy
takes on less the proportions of melodrama than those of tragedy.
To set the scene, it will be necessary to discuss, on the one hand,
the existing social and political structures in the Malay world and,
on the other hand, the constituents of the British policies executed in
relation to them. The purpose of the introduction is to provide some
historical background to the first topic and some preliminary suggestions
about the second.
The Malay world is an area of tropical environment, more
penetrable, indeed, than some other such areas since, as Dobby says,2
it is so deeply incised by sea and river, but still presenting enormous
obstacles to human settlement and man's mobilisation .of its resources.
It has been an area the potentialities of which have attracted the
attention of many, yet .in only a few regions has it been densely settled
-an area of "demographic immaturity" .3
In the early centuries of the Christian era, one major region of
the Archipelago, central apd eastern Java, proved amenable to the
intensive development of subsistence rice agriculture, and there arose
the aristocratic-bureaucratic kingdoms associated with, for instance,
the great Borobudur monument (A.D. 772). In the major part of
the Peninsula and Archipelago, with its soured lateritic soils, its deep
jungle, its swamps, no such development was possible. Here initially
it was again a matter of subsistence agriculture in rice or in other
products, often in shifting clearings in the jungle. As centres of
population developed on neighbouring islands, however, trade became
possible within the Archipelago, and because of the international
position of the area, a commercial connexion was soon established
with China, with India, and indirectly with the Europe of the Roman
Empire. In a world economy still largely of a subsistence character,
the trade was very different from the bulk trade in everyday com-
2
'' ~ ...
INTRODUC'fION
modities of modern times: it was a luxury trade, small in quantity,
rich and diverse in quality, a "golden. thread", as van Leur calls it.4
To this trade the settlements in the Peninsula and Archipelago could
contribute variously.
The extent of development in the Archipelago made it possible to
create certain social and political structures apart from those in Java. In
the interior there remained tribal and aristocratic groupings. At the
river-mouths, new political units appeared, the local aristocracy interesting
itself in the commerce between the interior and the outside
world that perforce came down the river, and seeking to establish
control over the interior states, imposing commercial monopolies or
exacting revenue or in other ways winding itself into the "golden
thread". There were, indeed, attempts at higher forms of political
organisation: states controlling a number of river-mouths, or even
"commercial empires", aggregations of petty river-mouth communities,
linked by the sea, centralising their commercial contacts with the
outside world in an entrepot from whose trade a great .ruler or an
"imperial" aristocracy might live by monopoly or taxation.
The use of European terms should, of course, not blind us t(? the
peculiarities of this state-system, peculiarities which in part emerged
because the area was undeveloped and presented vast obstacles to
coherence and stability. These states :were fragile, their boundaries
imprecise and fluid. The small river-mouth communities often exercised
only a vague control over those in the interior. The commercial empires
were, at the very least, flexible. There might be occasional conquests
of one state by another of superior power and tribute would be
exacted or the stapling of commerce insisted upon, but the inferior
power would seek to escape control, and might do so with impunity,
or come under another's control. Imperial relationships could merely
mean a tangle of sometimes conflicting customary obligations, some
more dated, some more effective than others, some honoured in the
breach rather than in the observance, affecting states of all sizes, in
some cases extending up to the distant Imperial Court at Peking.
Neither the states, nor their vassalic relationships, were really the
same as the European institutions whose names have been borrowed
for them.
Political power was fragile, state administrations frail, and political
relationships flexible: the frequency of political change is not sur•
prising. The political instability of the region reilects its political
immaturity: more properly, perhaps, it should be seen as an essential
element in a political system adapted to the given conditions of the
Peninsula and Archipelago. The effecting of political change must
3
225
226
1- ... '·,·(,
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
involve the acquisition of political power by a group in opposition
to the status quo, a group which might wish to create an empire, to
set up a new state, or to effect a revolution within an old. In securing
such power, of course, the acquisition of commercial wealth or agricultural
revenues could well be essential. The Javanese sought to use
their agricultural wealth to gain control of the commercial ports of
the Archipelago. It was also possible to create a nucleus of political
power by robbing other ports of their commerce by marauding, orespecially
significant in a region of labour scarcity where population
meant power-by slave-raiding. The intelligent East India Company
official, John Anderson, observed that several of the East Sumatran
states of the early nineteenth century had been founded by "piratical
adventurers", as he called them, who had "derived from the produce
of -their former barbarous avocations, the means of founding a flourishing
kingdom .... "5 The success of the marauding groups in revolution
or state-building might make them part of the state-system: they
might take a more regular role in the commerce and politics of the
Peninsula and Archipelago, shifting easily from marauding to monopolising,
snapping the golden thread but catching hold of an end
of it. If this has been called piracy, it was also an aspect of the
political dynamics of this part of the world and, as such, its moral
overtones are rather different: political motives enter into it.
The "demographic immaturity" of the region helped to account
not only for its political instability, but also for its ethnic diversity.
Many people came to the Archipelago to exploit its resources. Indeed,
such have been the obstacles to social and political integration that
the area is still, as Hall suggests, an "anthropologist's paradise",6
and some peoples became more diversified after their arrival in the
area as a result of the pressures of regionalisation. Traces of the
earliest comers, people of mesolithic culture, still remain in the Senoi
and Sakai hill-tribes of Malaya or the people of the Enggano or
Mentawei islands off the west coast of Sumatra. The Proto-Malay
immigrants are represented by the Toradja of Celebes, the Gajo and
Alas peoples of the Sumatran interior. The neolithic immigrants, or
Deutero-Malays, the major constituent of the Indonesian population,
included peoples like the Dayaks of Borneo and the Bataks of Sumatra
and the more mixed coast~ peoples, who became divided into fairly
distinct groups as time passed, as a result of regional social and
political pressures. Other coastal Malays, less caught up in these
developments, remained relatively migratory, like the "orang-laut" of
the Peninsula. There were Indian, Arab, and Chines~ traders in the
region, and the Thais, whose kingdom of Ayuthia was founded in
4
· .. .-.. " . .-, r ., ... _,._·~-~ ·-; .·
INTRODUCl'ION
I 350, subsequently sought to press the boundaries of their military
suzerainty southwards.
The major political structures in the area were, of course, those
of the coastal peoples: their river-mouth states sought to organise the
"orang-laut" and to control the Proto-Malay and other Deutero-Malay
tribes in the interior; Indian, Arab, Chinese, as well as other Malay
traders, visited their ports; and their empires sought to staple the
commerce. Alien elements were imported to strengthen their political
power, yet another illustration, perhaps, of the frontier character of
the region. Brahmanic ritual and administration were used to
strengthen the hold of aristocrats and port-kings. Later still Islam
came to the Archipelago not only as a religion, but as a state:.building,
state-supporting ideology. The new Sultanate of Malacca, a great
fifteenth-century entrepot, whose imperial claims extended round the
Peninsula and across the Riau-Lingga Archipelago to East Sumatra,
spread its power conterminously with the worship of Allah, also fending
off the Buddhist Thais and rivalling their appeal to Chinese
suzerainty. The influence of Islam, however, spread also in reaction
to the incursions of the Portuguese, the Spaniards, and the Dutch.
These early European adventurers were again peoples attracted to
the Archipelago by its potentialities: they were the better able to secure
a foothold because of its instability. Jt. has been questioned whether
they brought any technological advances or any real ideological or
political changes to the Archipelago. Recent historiography has reacted
against earlier colonial historians who tended too often to assume
that, even before the nineteenth century, the Europeans were a vast
and novel civilising influence; and no doubt this reaction is f undamentally
a sane one. Professor John Bastin7 has, however, rightly
pointed out that, even if the Europeans merely effected displacements
within a fundamentally unchanged economic and political context,
these cannot be neglected; and, in fact, the displacements of the
sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were very considerable,
and tended increasingly to involve not merely quantitative but qualitative
changes.
It is no doubt true that the Europeans in this period brought no
economic changes of a nature comparable to those of the nineteenth
century. The Portuguese, for instance, were seeking to share, control,
or monopolise the trade of the Archipelago, to profit from trade within
Asia. Yet their military vigour, and the substantial success they enjoyed
in the sixteenth century, is not fairly measured by the dismal remnants
left of their economically old-fashioned empire by the later
seventeenth century. Their greatest achievement, the destruction of the
5
227
228
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
Muslim Sultanate of Malacca, and their attempts to staple there for
their own benefit the most valuable commerce of the Archipelago,
effected important changes. In particular it stimulated the development
of new Muslim Sultanates, like Johore, founded by the old Sultan
of Malacca. The Sultanates of Brunei, Mindanao, and Sulu, also
strove to preserve both commerce and true _religion from the invaders,
settling, organising, and civilising the migratory ''orang-laut" in those
regions ( the Ba.j aus and Samals), and seeking to control the trade of
river-mouths and centralise it in new entrepots to the eastward. 8
Another new Sultanate, that of Acheh in north Sumatra, rose to a
height of prosperity and political power in the early seventeenth
century, a period of Portuguese decline. The Muslim ulamas or
teachers influenced some attempts. at centralisation on the part of the
port-kings at Acheh, but there, as elsewhere, there was no real opportunity
for "a regular and normal development of forms of government
or administration of justice", as the late nineteenth-century liberal
reformer, Snouck Hurgronje, put it; power tended to remain with the
local territorial chiefs or uleebalang, while the Sultan was content
with an assertion of supremacy, an attempt at monopoly or, later, the
exaction of customs duties.9
If the efforts of the Portuguese mainly effected displacements within
a continuing social and political structure, the impact of the other
early European adventurers, the Spaniards and the Dutch, was more
direct and more far-reaching and lasted longer. The Spaniards began
as rivals of the Portuguese in particular for the spices of the Moluccas,
but ultimately they established themselves in Luzon and the Visayas~
having competed for control of that area with the Muslim. Sultanates
to the south. Though they never attained territorial supremacy over
those Sultanates-they for long occupied only a part of Mindanao,
in the region of Zamboanga-their control in the islands to the north,
established and maintained very largely by missionary endeavour
among peoples whom Islam had only been about to reach, cut off
those Sultans and their aristocracies from imperial and commercial
opportunities. A sort of warfare indeed continued between the opposing
forces, the nobles of Mindanao and Sulu fitting out expeditions
that descended on the coasts of Luzon and the Visayas in search of
plunder and slaves, the Spaniards retaliating with military and naval
attacks and assertions of political supremacy.
The Dutch succeeded in dislodging the Portuguese from almost all
their footholds in the Archipelago--there remained a few small posts
in the Lesser Sund~but, in relation to the Spaniards, only · con•
tributed to hindering their establishment of control to the south (for
6
<
•. I;
INTRODUCTION
instance in I 646, when their threatened invasion of Manila caused
the withdrawal of Spanish forces from the Sulu Sea10). In relation to
the "country powers", they pressed more forcefully for commercial
monopoly as the seventeenth century proceeded, and in particular
as the .impact was felt of the European recession and the decline
in the importation of Spanish American silver. Their measures
involved the enforcement of commercial treaties and monopolies by
marine control, the compulsory stapling of international trade in ports
like Batavia, and even the conquest of certain districts in the Moluccas,
measures on the lines of those of earlier commercial empires in the
Archipelago. but enforced more effectively and more continuously.
Their success was, indeed, not as widespread as earlier historians
have maintained: the extent both of their commercial and territorial
supremacy has in the past been greatly exaggerated.11 Even so, it
would seem that their impact interfered, as the Portuguese had not,
and as the Spaniards had done only exceptionally in the Philippines,
with the actual structure and dynamics of the Malay world: they not
merely effected displacements within a context, but wrenched and
distorted it.
One of the most distinguished of · nin.eteenth-century English
observers wrote of the Archipelago that
"the mass of the people . . . in all their private relations, remain
in nearly the same state in which they were found by the earliest
European voyagers, and in which they had existed for many
centuries previously. But, as nations, they have withered in the
presence of the uncongenial, greedy and relentless spirit of
European policy .... The nomadic spirit, never extinguished
during all the changes which they underwent, had made them
adventurous and warlike when they rose into nations. But now,
long overawed and restrained by the power of Europeans, the
national habits of action have, in most parts of the Archipelago,
been lost, or are only faintly maintained in the piratical habits
o f some. .... .
The Malay princes had become '' almost everywhere . . . indolent
debauchees and greedy monopolists", inciting their courtiers also to
"drain and paralyse the industry of their people .... "12
In particular, European policy contributed to the decay of the
larger political units and especially of the Malay commercial empires.
Even if their dependent ports were not brought under Dutch
supremacy-and, for instance, many ports on the west coast of the
Peninsula and the east and west coasts of Sumatra only escaped the
control of the Achehnese for that of the Netherlanders-the enforced
7
229
230
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
stapling of commerce at Dutch ports and the interference with the
trade of rival entrepots contributed to the imperial loss of commerce,
revenue, and power. One result of the loss of commerce and revenue
was a shift to marauding on a more general scale than before: it
became a way in which the Malay imperial aristocracy, deprived of
other resources, could live from day to day. It became endemic, not
epidemic. It was true that through it one might still effect a political
purpose: an adventurer, especially a Sharif, with the credit of Islam
and of its association with opposition to the Europeans, might thus
acquire the power to effect a revolution or an entry into the "establishment".
Even so, it was rarely as possible as before to shift back
subsequently to a positive policy: there was rarely scope for the
creation of a new state or for the refurbishing of an old; and revolution
became, as it were, permanent, rather than a means to an end,
and marauding went on. The old empires decayed, but were not
replaced, and within their boundaries marauding communities
appeared, led by adventurous Sharif s, or deprived aristocracies, or
hungry chiefs. The invasion of the Europeans did not destroy the
native states, but it destroyed the dynamic of the state.system: it
reduced the old capitals from splendour to poverty and their chiefs
from heroism to ambivalence, from constructiveness to stagnation.
These changes were not, of course, as generalised as the above
description suggests, nor did they proceed to such an advanced conclusion
in every case. Furthermore, the eighteenth century saw the
beginnings-though no more-of a momentous change. The return
of the British to the scene after their partial eclipse, the effects. of
their "commercial revolution" in the early eighteenth century, of
their establishment in India, and of their industrial revolution, brought
a new expansion to the commerce of the Archipelago. As yet, -however,
it was limited, and its impact was further restricted in relation to
the "country powers" by the reaction of the Dutch who, alarmed at
British competition elsewhere, sought more firmly to establish their
control in Java, where an extensive population made possible the
expansion of coffee cultivation, and more firmly to protect the Straits
approaches, even if that meant a concentration of strength that
weakened their commercial empire further afield in the Archipelago.
What was the situation of the main Malay polities as affected by all
these changes towards the end of the eighteenth century? In the
case of Acheh, the frequent accession of Sultanas weakened the portkings
k relation to the uleebalang,13 and European commercial
pressure and political advance enfeebled the empire. Nevertheless a
substantial realm remained more or less intact, stretching down the
8
INTRODUCTION
east coast as far as Batu-bahru, and down the west as far as Barus,14
and its capital still enjoyed a substantial commerce, including that of
visiting Indian traders,15 though some English traders sought to evade
the Sultan's dues by visiting the dependencies themselves.16 The
disintegration of the Brunei empire was more marked, but a direct
commerce with China yet continued, 17 as did virtual political independence.
The other Sultanates in that region, Sulu and Mindanao,
deprived of resources by Spanish conquest as well as by Dutch
monopoly,. appear to have decayed further and, while Chinese junks,
to the vexation of the Spaniards, still visited the capitals,18 the
Sultanates had lost much of their authority, and chiefs and adventurers
indulged in widespread marauding, not only on the coasts of the
Philippines.19 Some parts of these states-some islands in the Sulu
Sea, and the region of the Laguna in Mindanao-became by the end
of the century the resort of exclusively marauding communities; the
local "orang-laut" or Samals became the notorious Balanini and
Ilanuns of the following decades, when some Ilanuns settled in
Borneo and elsewhere, and all cruised widely in the Archipelago.20
The commercial expansion of the later eighteenth century, though it
promoted the trade of Acheh and its dependencies, scarcely reached
these piratical regions, despite the efforts of Alexander Dalrymple
and others.
The empire of Johore had never been very firmly established after
the conquest of Malacca, but in the Portuguese and early Dutch
periods, benefiting by Achehnese-European conflicts, it had established
a degree of control in some districts of south-east Sumatra, such
as Siak and Indragiri, some states of the Peninsula, and some islands
of the Riau-Lingga Archipelago, where it sought to organise the
local "orang-laut". The pressure of the Dutch and the dynastic troubles
at the close of the seventeenth century helped to weaken .it further,
however, and the new opportunities of the eighteenth century, presented
by increasing British penetration to this part of the world,
were absorbed by the Bugis adventurers, part of the Waju tribe of
Celebes that reacted to the Dutch conquest of Macassar in 1667 by
seeking to construct their own commercial empire in the Archipelago.
This they found possible to a limited extent and created, despite
Dutch opposition, an empire on a looser principle than earlier empires,
an empire in which Bugis adventurers occasionally founded their own
states, like Selangor on the Peninsula, or established a commercial
and political supremacy over existing chiefs, as on the east coast of
Borneo, for instance, at Pasir.21 On the west coast, the Bug is made
the fortune of the new state of Pontianak by using it as an entrepot.22
9
1 231
1 232 1
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
In Johore Bugis adventurers made themselves imperial viceroys, and
encouraged the "smuggling" of the British "country -traders" at
Riau.23 The Dutch became the more anxious to destroy the Bugis
position in the Straits, intervened at Siak, and established themselves
at Riau, from which the Malay and Bugis chiefs, with the aid of
llanuns, temporarily expelled them in 1787.24 The area thus continued
disturbed, a scene of political struggle, and the intervention
of the Bugis only encouraged the Malay chiefs and their "orang-laut"
followers to turn all the more to regular marauding, and helped to
prevent the acceptance of such new commercial opportunities as there
were.
This marauding was, of course, a primary constituent in the piracy
which British observers found to bulk so large upon the early
nineteenth-century scene. To this activity, indeed, the term could be
applied with some show of plausibility. Even so, such piracy had
distinctive features, above all distinctive origins and motives.
John Anderson wrote that
"the grand hindrance of the extension of British trade, and the
civilization of the Archipelago, is the system of piracy which
has been carried on in these seas from time immemorial. ... I
use the word 'system' advisedly; for it would be absurd to treat
with reprobation a practice with which no dishonourable idea
is associated in the mind of the natives. The system of piracy in
the Archipelago is just what the system of private wars was in
Europe in the middle ages; an evil arising not so much from
moral laxity as from political disorganisation .... " 25
This remark does point out one way in which the application of the
term and its implications must be modified-namely, by the nature
of the given conditions and the state-system in the Malay · world
"from time immemorial''. It fails, however, to recognise the impact
made by the Europeans OQ such a situation: in disrupting tiie commercial
basis of the state-system, they effected quantitative changes that
might also be qualitative.
William Dampier, travelling in the Straits back in 1689, had found
the Malays
"in general a bold People, and yet l do not find any of them
addicted to Robbery, but only the pilfering poorer Sort, and even
these severely punished among the trading Malayans, who love
Trade and Property. But being ... provoked ·by the Dutch, and
hindered of a free Trade by their Guard-ships, it is probable they
therefore commit Piracies themselves, or connive at and encourage
those who do. So that the Pirates who lurk on this Coast, seem
10
, .-._ ~ . - ,-. -., .. '·- ..
INTRODUCTION
to do it as much to revenge themselves on the Dutch) for restraining
their Trade, as to gain this way what they ·cannot obtain in
way of Traffick."26
As John Crawfurd commented in 1820, "conduct of the nature here
related brought the European character into the greatest discredit with
all the natives of the Archipelago, and the piratical characte,r which
we have attempted to fix upon them, might be most truly retaliated
upon us" .27 A state-system that involved robbery and violence-though
often with motives of political ambition-was disrupted by the
unprecedented success of the Europeans in operating schemes of control
and monopoly already attempted by local powers. The corrective
elements within the system, which had provided a certain security and
stability, were destroyed.
It is dear that in the Malay world of the early nineteenth century
there were robbery and violence which the British might have a duty
to suppress, though their origms were not to be found in the moral
turpitude of the Malays, but rather in commercial and political
changes, and their motivation less in mere greed than in objects of
political ambition and prestige. Both sides were caught up here in
the prevailing conditions, and their struggle is tragic. A historical
impasse existed, and no doubt the only way out was to suppress the
marauders. If, therefore, one might find some explanation, even some
excuse, for the Malays, one might also find the same for the British.
There were, however, other applications of the term "piracy'", and
some occasions of excessive violence, which need also to be examined.
When their interests developed in the area in the late eighteenth
century, the British began to frame something of a policy in relation
t_o the Archipelago. As Professor V. T. Harlow suggested,28 it is
possible to trace at this time a new attitude to empire, a preference
for trade over dominion, with the idea of establishing settlements which
should become the bases for commerce with neighbouring states unsupported
or unimpeded by political relationships. The emergence of
British power in the Archipelago was marked by the attempt, inspired
by Dalrymple, to form such an entrepot at Balambangan, by the East
India Company's acquisition of Penang as a duty-free port in 1786,
and later by the establishment of the factory on Singapore island in
1819, designed to attract Indo-Chinese traders and Bugis and others
from the neighbouring islands. In part, these settlements had a
strategic purpose, namely to provide security for the route to Oiina;
and, indeed, it is not too much to suggest that, throughout British
policy, as framed in London and Calcutta, one may trace an indisposi-
11
233
234
F
::i~~-~-,
PJRACY AND POLJTICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
tion to intervene in the native states, a belief that commerce and
civilisation must, as it were, make their own way and that an empire
in India was quite enough to handle, and a reluctance to act except
in certain matters of strategic importance or in circumstances of provocation.
These principles were only reinforced by political necessities,
such as the anxiety to avoid entanglements with Thailand, a feudatory
of the Chinese empire, with which good relations were important for
the sake of the tea-trade; the desire, once Manila had been restored
after its conquest by Sir William Draper in the Seven Years War, to
avoid alienating the Spaniards and throwing them into French hands;
and the wish to see that the Dutch retained an empire in the
Archipelago as a guarantee of their friendship in Europe.
Those who made British policy in this form did not see problems
in quite the same light as British merchants and officials in the area
itself, and no account of British policy is feasible that does not take
them into account. There is, indeed, a consistency in their view of
policy, as there is in the view that they thought was inadequate. If
the basis of British policy as defined in London and in Calcutta was.
as already suggested, the assumption that commerce would auto~
matically solve most major problems and bring European civilisation
to the four corners of the globe, then among the local interests there
was a belief that more extensive and vigorous political activity was
required, a belief that was the stronger since, as was the case in China
also, trade did not expand in the Malay world with the rapidity that
the sanguine anticipated in the early days of the industrial revolution.
Many merchants and officials certainly thought marauding, or piracy,
was extending, and would extend unless forcibly diminished; and in
this they had perhaps some justification. For the new British entrepots
further disrupted the Indonesian politico-commercial structures. Thus
jealous Sulu rajas destroyed Balambangan. The Kedah Raja was
impoverished after he ceded Penang to the British: the Chinese junks
ceased to come to Kedah, and the petty trade of the coast visited
Penang.29 The dependencies of Acheh tended to trade with Penang
rather than with the old Malay capital itself,30 and thus again the
new settlements promoted the disintegration of the old states and so,
it would seem, prepared the ground for piracy. Much of the trade
of the British entrepots was initially at least in small native craft,
eminently vulnerable to piratical attack in these calm seas and along
the indented coast, and it could be argued that the appetite might
grow with what it fed upon. In the case of piracy, however, the need
for the interposition of British power was in principle accepted by
the superior authorities in India and in England: the suppression of
12
INTRODUCTION
piracy was a duty of governments, though there might be some doubt
as to the extent of the activities considered politically desirable, legally
possible, morally defensible or physically practicable.
If some of the factors in British policy tended to restrain operations
for the suppression of piracy, to some extent they might rather conduce
to local outbursts of violence, or to operations not truly motivated by
the desire to suppress piracy. Other problems also faced the expansion
of commerce through the entrepot system. The Indonesian rajas would
seek to resist the erosion of old commercial structures, seek to retain
monopolies or .revive entrepots or re-exact duties, seek thus to profit
from the expansion of trade without actually turning to marauding.
Some local officials believed that the British should intervene to restrain
such practices rather than wait for the march of civilisation to effect
their reform, and if these activities were rarely called piracy, often
a policy directed against piracy was expanded so as to deal with them
also. Again, while some merchants might wish to use princely
monopolies and such devices for ffieir own advantage, even so disputes
might well arise with the local aristocracy in the various ·ports that
could lead to outrages calling for intervention, cases of violence,
indeed, but scarcely, as they were sometimes termed, cases of "piracy"
( the motives of the British involved were sometimes worse). Some
were indeed doubtful about describing ~hese sorts of activity as piracy
but, in fact, since this was a major means of securing the interposition
of British power, there was a considerable pressure so to
apply the term. On other occasions-as a further illustration of this
stress within British policy-not merely was its application widely
spread, but the activities to which the term was applied were used as
an excuse for political manoeuvres in pursuit of basically unrelated
policies. Many local officials and merchants, it may be observed in
explanation, wished to avoid Thai or foreign European control of the
ports with which trade was carried on or interference with the
commerce they wished to develop. In much of this, British motives
might be good: but whether or not intervention or reform was desirable
in the Indonesian states, the way British policy was formulated
tended to increase the apparent incidence and jmportance of piracy.
The situation in the early nineteenth century was rather exceptional.
The Dutch, thanks to the establishment of French control in the
metropolitan country, had been driven from their possessions in Asia.
Some of the inhibitions were thus removed from British policy ; but
some--and the basic ones-dearly remained. Raffles, who became
Lt.-Governor of Java after its conquest in 1811, wished Britain to
retain it, but believed this was unlikely to happen, and so advocated
13
235
236
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
the creation of an empire in the Archipelago that should not revert
to the Dutch on the conclusion of the Napoleonic war. Though
he was perhaps essentially sympathetic rather to direct than to indirect
rule,81 the force of circumstances led him to advocate the reform
and re-establishment of native states rather than their destruction
or direct occupation. Inter alia, be argued that such reform was the
best means of striking at marauding.
"The principles of my suggestions for the suppression of piracy
throughout the Archipelago have been, that nothing can tend so
effectually to the suppression of piracy, to the encouragement and
extension of lawful commerce, and to the civilization of the
inhabitants of the Eastern Islands, as affording a steady support
to the established native sovereigns; and assisting them in the
maintenance of their just rights and authority over their several
Chiefs and along the shores dependent upon their dominion."82
The suppression of piracy was a policy likely to be approved by his
superiors, and Raffles sought to emphasise this aspect of his plans
with a view to gaining sympathy from those who might be essentially
against such a general extension of British influence as he contemplated.
It was true, indeed, that the suppression of marauding was
bound to have a political impact, in view of the political aspect it
often possessed. Raffles proposed to connect it much more consciously
with the reform of the native states.
At the time of the conquest of Java, Raffles urged upon the
Governor-General, Lord Minto, his new policy for the Archipelago.
The general aim of British interference should be to uphold and to
reform the more important of the states that were independent or
virtually independent of the Dutch, to support the "legitimate autho~
city" and aid it in civil commotions, to regulate the succession, to
resolve the conflicts between Muslim and customary law, to confine
foreign trade to certain ports, though under liberal regulations, and
to suppress piracy, which was supported especially by Arab sheikhs
and sayyids. Piracy, Raffles declared., must be "put down by the strong
hand, though precautions against its recurrence may be taken fo the
system which shall be adopted with regard to the Malay States by
rendering every chieftain answerable for his own territory, and punishing
in an exemplary manner refractory chiefs". 33 The Batavia Marine
had been working against piracy, but "from the preponderance of the
English navy on the shores of all the eastern isles, the Dutch have
been altogether unable to oppose any effectual restraint to the ravages
of the Ilanuns and other pirates, who have of course become more
14
~ .,., • _.-~ \-· -- J
INTRODUCTION
bold and daring in all the eastern seas'\ ~d were encouraged by the
Johore-Riau-Lingga princes. "At present piracy is considered as an
honourable profession, especially for young nobles and needy great
men. The numerous uninhabited islands and tracts of desert coast on
all the Eastern Seas render it very difficult to put a sudden and complete
check to the practice." There were also petty piracies in the vicinity
of Penang, thanks to the decay of Kedah and the inadequacy of the
local police. Raffles advocated the employment of a marine of twelve
gunboats, three or four brigs of about fifty tons, and a number of
rowboats. 34
His attention was drawn to Borneo, as an island where Dutch
claims were especially weak, and where a report from John Hunt
seemed to hold out attractive commercial prospects. Hunt observed
that the cutting-off of direct trade had contributed to piracy and,
as a start, he urged a vigorous campaign against the pirates. Raffles
sent two expeditions, one in 1812, and one, more successful, in 1813,
to Sambas, where the Sultan and one of the Pangerans protected
Ilanun pirates who inter£ ered with the flourishing trade of nearby
Pontianak:J15 Then the lt.-Governor of Java decided to despatch B. C.
Garnham on a political mission to conciliate the Sultan, also to visit
Pontianak to arrange for the appointment ~f a British agent, and to
warn the Sultans of Brunei and Kutai .against countenancing piracy.
In the event Garnham signed a treaty with the Sultan of Sambas
affording him protection. The forcible measures against pirates were
approved in Bengal, but Raffles was warned against implementing
some of his other recommendations until the wishes of the home
authorities were known. as
Anxious, however, to achieve his objects, the Lt-Governor pushed
ahead, underlining, perhaps more than before, that his basic aim
was the philanthropic one of suppressing piracy. Sulu, he had said
in a letter of 1811, had been "subject to constant civil commotions,
and the breaking down of the government has covered the Sulu seas
with fleets of formidable pirates". Mindanao was "torn with factions,
but . . . the Sultan still retains his authority in a considerable degree",
and the Governor-General's "countenance extended to him would,
without much trouble, give it tranquillity and stability, and prevent the
Ilanuns and pirates being augmented by the whole force of Mindanao,
which must be the inevitable consequence of the breaking up of this
state ... .''87 Hunt was sent to Mindanao and Sulu early in 1814 to
warn the Sultans against encouraging piracy, and to arrange to reside
at Sulu as a British agent who would open commercial intercourse
with neighbouring islands. In fact the Sultan of Mindanao assented
15
237
238
PIRACY AND POLI'flCS IN THE MALAY WORLD
to an appropriate treaty more readily than the Sultan of Sulu, and
the commercial venture was unsuccessful. 38
Hunt had urged that mere razzias were inadequate as a means of
dealing with piracy, and had praised some aspects of Dutch policy.
"The idea of extirpating whole hordes of piratical states, were
it possible, must, from its cruelty, be incompatible with the liberal
principles and humane policy of a British government. The simple
burning down of a Malay town can prove no serious impediment
to future piratical enterprises; constructed, as they are, of bamboos,
mats, and atap leaves, a town is almost rebuilt in the same
period of time as it takes to destroy it. The Dutch ... knew there
was no other mode of prevention and radical cure than building
small redoubts at the principal towns, and keeping up an adequate
force to check piratical enterprises .. : _''S9
Raffles also found merit in such a scheme. "The Dutch early saw
the propriety and necessity of maintaining a parental regulation over
the different states in the Archipelago ... we are now, in our turn,
become the Parent; humanity demands our interference ... :· The
war and the interference of the British had long prevented the enforce•
meat of Dutch regulations. One of those regulations involved the
exclusion of other powers, except from specific ports, and this had
a political, as well as a commercial, purpose. A different, more liberal,
commercial policy could now accompany such a regulation, which it
would be politically desirable to continue with a view to the reform
of the native states under the guidance of the British.·40
The home authorities, having restored Java by the convention of
1814, were opposed to su~ a policy.41 Back in London, Raffles tried
to persuade them. In his "History of Java", published there in 1817,
he repeated the outlines ·of his programme for British policy in
relation to the Indonesian states.42 In a mernorandum for Canning,
the President of the India Board, he urged that the Dutch were
seeking to re-establish their -supremacy in the Archipelago with a view
to the exclusion of British ~rade, and suggested that the British should
make settlements and sign precautionary treaties with the native princes.
Again he used the piracy argument, and additionally urged that a
settlement would impose a
"wholesome restraint . . . upon the conduct of our own countrymen
trading in the Archipelago. Our duty to other nations, and
to the cause of justice, no less than a regard for our national
character, requires that the peaceable natives of the islands
should not be kept at the mercy of every mercantile adventurer
16
INTRODUCTION
, ',
of our own nation. The inducements and facilities to rapine are
too numerous in that quarter to be overlooked."
All this suggested the need for action.
"But there is also a particular circumstance which requires our
immediate vigilance. An extensive marine is fitting out at Batavia,
ostensibly for the suppression of piracy. Unless we go hand in
hand in maintaining the general security of the Eastern Seas,
and show ourselves immediately as a party interested, so as to
share the influence which the display of this armament is calculated
to produce on the minds of the native chiefs, it will
easily be made the means of resuming that absolute sovereignty
over the Archipelago which is the object of the Dutch policy, and
which is so highly important to our honour and interest to
prevent."43
In England, however, there was no disposition to rush into the
creation of an empire in the Archipelago and, when Raffles, who
returned there as Lt-Governor of Bencoolen on the west coast of
Sumatra, began nevertheless to execute his plans, there were disquiet
and disapproval. A memorandum prepared at the India Board in
October 1818 referred to the decisions of the post-war period as the
essential guide to policy towards extension in the Archipelago: trade,
but not political dominion, was the ooject. A negotiation with the
Netherlands was, however, suggested, and one of its subjects, would
be Anglo~Dutch cooperation against piracy.44 Ralfles had seen that
the Dutch could proceed from the suppression of piracy to the exten~
sion of empire, and he had regarded this as a further reason for
British action. The necessary corollary, however, of a general British
acceptance of the Dutch position in the Archipelago was an agreement
to cooperate against piracy-to protect British commerce, without
interfering with Dutch political rights.
In Calcutta Raffles succeeded in persuading Lord Hastings, now
the Governor-General, that Dutch proceedings menaced not only
British trade in the Archipelago, but also the security of the route to
China through the Archipelago. Hastings thus sanctioned a mission
in which Raffles was to visit Acheh and the Johore empire.45 In
Acheh the Sultan, Jauhar Alam, was engaged in a civil war with his
prospering subordinates over the exaction of imperial revenue from
foreign trade at the dependent ports, and the State Council had called
in a rival Sultan. Raffles made a treaty of alliance with the legitimate
chief, having in view the ultimate rehabilitation of the kingdom and
the limitation of Dutch influence. This treaty of 1819 thus granted a
17
239
240 ,. -~ -
PIRACY AND POLITICS lN THE MALAY WORLD
free trade to the British and stipulated for fixed rustoms duties
( article 3), provided for the appointment of a British resident agent
( article 4), and excluded other Europeans and Americans from permanent
residence ( article 6). 46 In Joh ore it was found that the Dutch
had renewed an earlier treaty establishing their suzerainty with the
Bugis viceroy at Rian, acting on behalf of the Sultan, Abdur-rahman,
who was at Lingga. Raffles proceeded to Singapore, where he made
an agreement for the cession of a factory on that island to the
Company with the Temenggong, the officer of the old empire whose
appanage it was; and Abdur-rahman' s brother, Husain, was recognised
as Sultan of Johore with a view to confirming the agreement.47
Negotiations with the Netherlands were promoted by Dutch complaints
and apprehensions of Raffles. The Secret Committee of the
Court of Dire.ctors in London had expressed grave doubts when
Hastings first proposed the mission to Acheh and Johore.48 It was
very concerned when news of the acquisition of Singapore arrived
just as the negotiations were about to begin.49 In fact, one result of
subsequent discussions, which led to the treaty of 17th March 1824,
was to con.firm that acquisition, which appeared necessary not only
to guard the route through the Malacca Straits, but also to provide
the market the Free Trade sought in the Archipelago and beyond
after the Charter of 1813 had ended the Company's monopoly, save
that of the trade to China.
Though Malacca was also gained from the Dutch (article 10),
the treaty did not, however, represent a basic departure from previous
British policy towards them or the Indonesian princes. The British
withdrew from Sumatra and undertook to make no settlements or
political connexions there ( article 9) and, while the Dutch made
the same undertaking in regard to the Peninsula, under article 12 the
British agreed not to form settlements or make treaties in the islands
south of the Straits of Singapore. Article 6 provided against the
formation of new settlements without authority from the appropriate
Government in Europe. Nothing was said about Borneo, but the
chances of British activity there seemed small, since the Dutch had
also agreed to articles protecting British trade with Java and the
Dutch possessions, and with native states with which the Dutch
might have connexions. The spirit of the treaty was thus to confirm
a territorial dominion to the Dutch, while providing opportunities
for British commerce. It was not surprising that it also contained an
article for the suppression of piracy.50
In a discussion of 20th July 1820, one of the Dutch Plenipotentiaries,
C. T. Elout, had ''urged that European establishments at the Native
18
INTRODUCTION
Ports were absolutely necessary for the purpose as it were of Police,
in order to repress the piratical practices of the Malays, who are all
pirates .... " 51 An article was suggested that ultimately became
article 5 of the treaty of 1824, engaging the two Governments "to
concur effectually in repressing Piracy in those Seas: They will not
grant either asylum or protection to Vessels engaged in- Piracy, and
They will, in no case, permit the Ships or merchandize captured by
such Vessels, to be introduced, deposited, or sold, in any of their
Possessions''.
In the following years the question of piracy took on considerable
importance. This was due not merely to the incidence of marauding
in the given conditions; it was also due to factors in European policy.
The treaty of 1824 represented in general a reaffirmation of the
basic principles of British policy in the region. These, it has been
suggested, were in many ways repugnant to local merchants and
officials, with their hopes of developing commerce and creating an
influence in the Malay world. Their aims may not be quite identifiable
with those of Raffles, but there was with them a similar tendency to
emphasise the part that piracy played in their policy, either, as in
Acheh, by applying the term widely, or, as_ he did, by developing
the consequences of the suppression of piracy defined on a narrower
basis, or, thirdly, by simply using it as. an exruse for action in other
spheres. The superior authorities had again shown their interest in
the subject in negotiating the treaty of 1824, but article 5 of that
treaty had shown also that they were aware of political complications.
The local authorities had greater hopes of exercising an influence
in the Peninsula than in the Archipelago since the Dutch were transferring
Malacca and withdrawing their suzerainty over neighbouring
states like Perak and Selangor; but, as will be shown, this was offset
by the claims of Thai]and over the northern states, by the superior
authorities' insistence on a friendly policy towards the Thais, despite
their unfavourable treatment of John Crawfurd's mission of 1822,
and by the consequent compromise of the Burney treaty of 1826.
Nevertheless, in the ensuing decades, British influence was exerted
to a considerable degree in the Malay world, though more particularly
in the economically difficult 1830s and 1840s, and. very largely through
operations undertaken allegedly for the suppression of piracy. The
1870s _ were to mark the opening of a period of more profound
economic, social and political change, but many aspects of the future
economic, social and political structure had already been defined in
the preceding period. Naturally this was to a great degree the result
of the policies of the predominant British power. Within those
19
241
242
PIRACY AND POLITICS IN THE MALAY WORLD
policies, the concept of the "suppression of piracy" had bulked large
-even larger indeed that the condition of the Indonesian and Malay
states might have suggested-because of the circumstances under which
they we.re developed and executed.
The foil owing chapters will expound this thesis chiefly in relation
to the areas of old J oho.re, of Brunei, Sulu and Mindanao, and of
Acheh, the empires of the Malay world that had decayed but not died.
20
Annex 33
Extracts from Orders for Ships Patrolling in Defence of West
Malaysian Seaboard, 2nd ed., promulgated by the Naval Officer-inCharge,
West Malaysia of the Royal Malaysian Navy and the
Commander, Far East Fleet of the Royal Navy on 25 Mar 1965
(MALPOS II)

(mm 011)
Nl''it'L &>t:~IC.Eit. ,N C.MA~C.E. 1
WES7 fVIALA"t'..1A •
.!l'he Capteia,.
LB. WWWA.
Pc..ge (i)
CoIIID8l'lderi,
Far East Fleet;
Singapore, 27.,
25th A!arch, 1965.
ORDERS FOR SHIPS PATROlLilfil IN IEi'"""EI'!CE OF WES'ITsilf
MAIAYSIAN SEABOARD
(Short title: - MAIRS II}
1. Orders for ships patrolling in defence of the 71estern Malaysian
Seaboard (2nd edition) are forwarded herewith~ They apply to R.N.,
R.A.U.ll R.N.Z.N. and R.M.N. ships employed on these duties, except
wt.ere specifically indicated.
2. Ships are to retwn them to the issuing authority on leaving the area.
3. In the-,e orders the description "R.N. ships" includes R.A.N. and
R.N.Z.N. ships of the strategic reserve, and R.A.N. and R.N.Z.N. CMS~
4. Urgent amendment to these orders will be promulgated in the
MALPOS GENEP.AL series of' signals. Other amendments will be promulgated
by letter.
(J.F.R. WEIR J
OAr1'f#c1:Pf.
~Di- IMiAYA.
~PVl'L DF-~,c E.R. ;i.J (. unCH,£
I
ll. Nat~ . ~~--- -. -- - (F-.-B.-P-#•' .,.BRAYNE• --NICHOUS)
REAR JJJMIRAL
for COMMANDm, FAR EAST FIEET.
National Archives of s· ingapore
CONFIDENTIAL
243
244
(i""Z: :fl11)
DIS'.i'RIBUTIOl:
C-in-C. :;'. :: •
?00..:.l-'
C. 0. J!. J.:. s. J!iJ:JO.:;Jl and al.l
7~ :::sevrts
(1)
( 1)
( 2 copies eoch)
::. o. 's al.l other l EF ships
oad submarines except S J.:. s. s. ( 1 copy C!leh)
m,_7 (1)
Ls0t ctor General Rl:P (,0)
(For :-:arino Police i.=a.1ayn & Sir.gaporc)
U' ~•~ ~)
••,:: ~-~ I
E~ Z.A ~·.:rF 1)
:::,kv.:; 3.,1 l l:a.T'Ops Ch:lngi
Pnge (ii)
25th !!:u-c.~, 196~.
:l.:ir.def K. L. for llnvy
c.o. ::.:s. 1::.::XJ. NOl"CIIIM 25) - for R.l-~.H. s.'lips.
C~de1·, '.": 3de. ( ~)
n: J (Div.) ?.=::. R.1'.S.C. L.C.T.
Operations Room, R.~:. H·:~. !2)
Sps.rP 15)
Cor.a:a.'lci.er, Sinc;abru.e 2)
Tt..L Mr..~ fo..,. £.Mt- f.taaA-11-A's (1 C.Opyi...J:.)
~-U-&•'•lil-ra•u-t:.1. '•A• •1 •1 "a" LI .
National Archives of Singapore
CONFIDENTIAL
Po.go (iii)
25th !.!Arch, 1965.
ORDERS FOR SHIPS PATROLLilC Dl DEFl:lCE OF \mfflm MAIAYSIA
SEABOARD
(Short title - ''Wlll'CS ll")
LIST OF CCffl'mTS
Letter 01' procul.gation.,
Distribution list.
Page (t)
Pago (ii)
25th Jlarch, 1965.
25th Karch, 1965.
List of Ccntents
General Ord.era
Pag~(iii)/{iv) 25th luch, 1965.
Pages 1 - 7 25th L!o.rch, 1965.
Aim. Cormnand Structure. Porees.
'Reoorts.. Interpreters. Arrests.
States of Readiness. s. .. :,.,.., B.,r,b 11....I f.,,.,d,~ r,.,,z.;:,;,,.. 5""411 a.,.....,.. P., .. cG.-...,. ••
Annex A - Preparation and Conduct of' Patrols. Pages A1-A5 25th J.:.-irch, 19G5,
Pre_ilarations. Knowledge of
Patrol area~ Interception
;a\,n.,.d .. .&. .r'P.-l.I I"oach. 1 I' n,;c. At.
Aj!j>C.M ~. :a: b-i ~ p.t_~ A"
Annez. B - Pa.'trol Areas. Navigation and Pages B1-:S9 25th Unrch, 196!,>.
Optlrational Instructions. S.C.A.P.
Pa.tn,l lines. Grid Sitrep.
Rep,rting incidents. Singapore
-patrol. Restricted area.a. hnt ... al ,J r,il..uu; t, .. Fl-
1-L.) I, .. ; I 1, Alf.,.;• A- , ,..., 1111- ~,1,:iw '-•A • ~-.,~ it-- ... r '1 ...
Pages B10-312 25th l/'t •. rc::, ! S· ?5 ~
p,.., .. , &n.-~,..
""-ti'as:~1
Annex D - Counter Barter trade Operations Page D1 25th '. ... --~~'-, •
Annex E - Intelligence
AI.BI. Threat to Jd'.al.aysia. Pages E1-F4- 25th J.i:"-rch • 1%5,
Inf'iltrators. Saboteurs.
Appendix 1 Page E5 25th Mb.r<::h, 1965.
Annex F - Sea/Air Co-operation. Pages F1-P2 25th March, 1965.
llWP Aircraft. Rl!AF Aircraf"t. l£fl~.a..t-s. ..,·,1.. _,: • .1~ .. r-;1.~ Aih .... i ...
Annez. G - Naval Assiate.n.ce with Air Def'ence Pages G1-G4 25th March, 1965.
Applicable only to RN Escorts and
above.
Annex H - Commmications. Pages H1-H5 25th March, 1965.
Radio, Recognition, Czyptography
Call.signs.
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix Ill
4-r-t-~ ~
Page H6
Pe.ge H7
Pe.go HS
,.....-. Hi
25th M'Jlrch, 1965.
25th Yarch, 1965.
25th Marcht 1965.
National Archives of Singapore ANl.x I/ •••••
CONFIDENTIAL {EooR ORtG1NALl
245
246 CONFIDENTIAL
Pr.,g,e ( iv)
25th J,;o.rch, t%:,.
LIST OP carmns
( Con timlea)
An."lex I - Check-off list for ships going on
patrol Page I1
An."lex J - Detail.o of Patrolling vessf;lo. Pages J'l-J5 25th :.:nrch. IS1t,';•
R.N. • R.L!.N •• Police,. li!.A.S.C.
R.E., R.A.?.
Anr..ex K - Characteristics or locnl craf't,
ere.vs nnd cocu.'!!ents.
Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix r1
Appendix V
Appendix VI
Annex L - Incide:..t Reports
Pages K1-K10
P3geK11
Page K12
Page K13
Page K14
P.a,ges K15-16
Fae,-e K17
Annex M - K:inema.tical aspects of pa.trolling PD.ges M1-W..
Probability of detection.
Patrol Jhta Rep,rto. ·
Annex n - Logistic 5"1pport or Ship on Page H1
Patrol.
Anm.e1' P- K&.c.!'Pu.~:,rn. 'lai:l:J: :,., 11 .. ......Lol..lc. P"f"" fl·h,
"
..
., ....
II ..
..
..
National Archives of Singapore
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
(.:ii£. JD e, I) Pa&eK.1
25th !.!arch, 15-65.
J,:;.LFCG II
C::-i:.?~ .c.:zr.u~ICS CF u.c;,L IRtF'l'
'!::: . Z:...I .:; x:.TS.
1. ~here nrc c.:i.inl.y ·,:;10 t;,1.Jcs ot L-tlonesian b-.:w.ts c,p~!...lt:il:l,g in t.~c
S:i.nu:-,po.-c Str..its, - !-.o :-..ii,?'l. t;P',-eJ. cr;.u.~ ~:.:l '!::w :;::.l l:.n,c b:,u ! • The ~:::-:.. -:,~o:;i•
i..G t"",,•.-.~urcd b,7 !' e 1~i, tl.:io 1 ~.;.;lc::t"S en1 fo:..• the lan:::.~m.; of n,:e:·t,a: :.:·.d.
the latter is nonnally the r•r-..it.ht for,-:..,rd barter b<,~t although Indone:..i.g.
I-.:~ ~n i:.:.;.r.mt:i.ce cf ti;.cir .iu:e-..J..:1g inn..--C<=:'100 to land infiltrators.
S:-.eea 3oats.
2. 'i'henc are bet.:een 15 :.nl 20 fe...,t- i.n length normally po~ b;r tT:o
2vl1,ra.!c cf Jchnsor140 !!.P. en&"...ncr .;:i•r-"1& up to 30 kn.eta depend.in& on tile
~-:ec.t:1t:.r. 7here i.a no particulc.r eh&~ to the:,e boats, soma have been
re_pc:-!ed. i:.a lont, end. nllJTO"',; and others as short and be8D\V'. The nonnl crc;.is
1.~o er aor:.cti=s fr.rec. Jwle;inr- b:, the reports they see;:i to f"avour the
a'iort dash l..::.,·.een Pu. :lu.bu am' St. Jol"-.n'a am the Rcd'flen Li(;ht and 're:;.
Pi~i nrca:;.
St-.ilin,;- :S.X,.ts.
_;. -:1->.ese opere.te f'ro::a all alone the ccast of In.ionesia facing I!al.DJsiu.
::..>ti. rr~ :::uch further -r.!'icl.d. They v1,ry in size from 15 to 50 feet. T:.-tey
ue invorlably t"OI.J,,'.i;h, locally r..o.de boots l?hich leak badly end are rather
t";.· ....... ::.:!.e ;Ju.cl; c.:.:i ;~e tcnrl.ng them a tricky 1-"'?"nttion f.,r fe..r or ziu.1..Hnt;
the ~=-t out or rippini; e.:~;c.y t~ fore -:'.:.eek. Their sailillG rig c-:-ul.a. be
::.c:::cri"bed as a loose fo::-te,! cunter rie, tl:ey sail iiuite ir:ell bnt th~ir
sails a:-e nor.:-.ally in a verJ ~ sti.:.te of repair. The .r.ajorl.ty of tlu:n
· 1:m h.'..v~ t: lOT; pom-.:red outboard n:otor.
4. The:, fcll into th.- . ce ::iain "'""°"e.-:~, l~-::-1, ~ ,._v~r,...,se and Chinl'liw,
(:'..ol'::kien), there i~ clsr .i. s:,:-~tkli.."li; of Celetics Ialanlera:. Y.'1::::.1. the
e::ception cf t!-.e Chinese -.;:l:.ict arc i?:. the !;15 . .n-:-rity, the In:lonea!an
~~boatmen are inv-..:i-i....blj dirt]' i4.d ocnn'fy normally dra.ued in
Garon,e::a and shirt. lfo::r:mel.17 they apl)C8r under fed and in a law state of
physical i'itneaa. The ~ed boats, in the mtd.n, are opentted b7 the Chinese.
It is uncpr.:r.ion to find o..v one o.r them who can understand a r.ord ot
E.nglieh let al.mt3 speak it. It ia ditticult evon f'or a Ynla,yaien to
underst&nd their ~J theu- brand of MeJ.a,,y :is conaiclarabl.y ditterent.
Docu:nents.
5. Alt mmbera ot the crew ahcu14. oarl7 an Idefttit;r C8rd. (See Appenilx.
II). The d can be butt w blue 1n colam:- •1m11ar Jn me to a u.x.
I>riring Licence, f"oJ.aec1 in halr with a )!botogn,ph on one a14e and tao1ng
it the man 1 8 po, BOW details I all 111'1thm :ln Inlonee1an. It ahouJ.4. be
&tamped with the Indonesian cre8', two ea,C]ea' av.as f'aa:lna Sa the
opposite directicma abofl 4, •~ +told f'roJl boh:ll>l1 wbich winp al
legs protnde, all contaiaecl 1n a ouoa1u' ~ \lh1cb aonta1na tho name
of the ottice where the card. waa 1aauo4. \'he card ie 1Ull"llll11J' containc4
in a plaotia wallet ~ has written. 4Cl'Daa 1t 1n lup htten,
'VJ,RTIJ PBNDUDUlt' mean1ns: 'Id.entity Cud'. The al.ans namo ot this oard ia
1 i'i.Qgi.1
• It they hear We word they will know 'lf'hat !a ~.
r_p_a_a_R_o_R.. - ,--:--Gl~N:":".AL:il coN FIDENTIAL National Archive!; ~~ext"" ••
247
248 CONFIDENTIAL
(~o;:c)
The mmer o~ t::c boat s!:mud ht..vc in his possession the boo.t 1a licence and
lot, b:,ol:. ?!:.I! licence is nol'U:ll.l.J" a blue covered d.ocucient rou,ghly foolscap
si.:o ccnte..ini~ tl':c boats ?..trtic\J.ars, atain all in L"ld.onesian and s~od.
T:ith the L'1:lonesie.n crc:st. Zhe boa.ta lac can be e. stiff backed e7erciao
book Md ,d . irll:f co:it.a.in:s L-tloncsinn port arrival and scilint, certif'ica.tion.
&en entr-J is sta.c,."Jed with the na::ie of the port er 1:c:ponc;. '1'his book =7
also contn.in a ~hotogn.ph and dctllila cf t!:c cwncr.
G. The~c cc!li:;ist ;:.ainlj· -~~ fiz.hir11; boat.a ani Si:ll!ll ::; .. u."t: tnuiin&
bout~. 'Z':.r.::; :.:.:-c r.1~::t -::1tircly :-.:n by the Chinese nlthou,.)1 acme of the
Jc~,;,re r~s:.i:-i...;. ~~~ lo b.ve l!:Jley crm-:c. .lll. bot1.ts have to be
licc:-.ce.i .._. .. 2 :·,:,..,e t!::l....:. .3':;c ~e dist:.:\ · ·4 ..~ ~ l::tt ers painted on the 'hem•
Si:i.:;.::.;..:::..·e S:.:2, s:•, :.i?. or .ZX,: Sl2 be:.:-1£: tl~ usual one .,.,;i: Johorc lUJF,
~. ~-:·; .. :i.:i. m·: 3:F and :zf la.re the w.ual ones. 1 • .r a:-e 30tor driven.
71-.ey .::.u~t ii.ll ht.i.vc .a ~t• ~ licence on b~-d, this is l.ritten in 1:ala,y •
~:.:. .li"£lic~. c:ccpt sc:.e or ttose ~ld by Johm."C boats. It has often been
c:.~.-::. :!'!::.·c~ :.:·..::. t c.n occ; ni~.::.1 b:,::.. t h'...!3 d.e::.l ~ t\'....S T:i th the Inioncsians, ei the:r
... t ~!!.;. "'· ,: .:.n I:::lone!rl..i.. 'l'he cc~;.:::.fona fc.r this sort of intrigue would see:a:
!.7 be :u.i,·.:.:- -~-re i\,.•.r:-1.:J.•.::,blc i:1 the !!o::.~'borottj1 Li&,bt nrea.
, • :'::ej' ::!,.=~d. .:.11 b9 in vo:::;-::~:-.ion of ~heir Identity Cuds (See Append.ix
l:i:i;. J.'!~~.:.c .. :-e : .. " b;t 2.:• i.'1 d.:e, cor.t.:tined inaiile a plutio sea.led
,;:m·elc~. I::. t::c centre o!' t!~~ c.:.ri i:;. t!lc or,nel."8 i)h=itol,;%'aph End. on either
i:;iic ~fo :..1i.:::;.b ·•rint, ':'he-,.. co.-,,, :.n t!".l."Cc different coloun., blue rar
'='c.•te---1 ~t' ··• . .,..,, ··-- ., - •"'-"' "'-'• .... :., ..• ,..._ .... .• c-~w~·,.~...-._ '\-..,·.-.._1 · ,.... ,.. ..,. 'l"il'-"'~~ ■-1 e ...... -~- ) "~""l--ar";& b,....-,,..-._..,. '..lI.'DIv--- ll•: 'e elso
£.TCC::i. ce.r.:s ~-•_.,,i- .::0:-t:.a.i."1 ::t==i_:.:::.::.n:::. :?:.ch c:u-d h.c.a a nucbcr o.long 1:h·.! top,
•.:.:~.:~!"l":.c::i.t~ ·_ ::!c!~ i:: ;=-.ht::::::. r:·.:::, P.!:::rrtr,t:.z~• :.ml 'l:nd.crne.a.th the photograph
'?.:...":'/t-.:.:::-.J7".: ·..:: :-:.:·.... ,.:;,-_".:.-.. ;'. Ctt t>.e rv•.rc:rse :si-:!.c is ".':"i.!:ten the r,ersonal
p;:.:..-t:.c:-...iars. •
Pc:rlia
Kedah
Penang
Perak
Johore
[ POOR ORIGINAL I
mmr~crs:: :-..;. !..:."::'~"?S FC-R SU..\I.L c:-.:n
.',:'l) FIS:c,;,.:; oo:.~ - 7:ZS'2 .:.~·.YSll.
C:3.CC DCMTS
Ps. C
KC
PC
PKO
SLC
1iSO
II)
'JBC,Blll,&O
( 'DC,lt'!J.'O,lEC
so
PHG-.C.
National .
CONFID~f1ltgapore
PASSEr;GER BJATS.
Ps. p
KP
pp
PKP
SIP
NSP
11P f JJP,.,K!i!P
BW,POP,JIJP
BP
!'llt.P.
/!rengganu. ••••
CONFIDENTIAL 249
Pa,se: K.J
25th £arch, 1965.
CARGO B)A'l'S PAS~F.R BJATS
1'C
Kelantan
CONFIDENTIAL
250
CONFIDENTIAL
1. r.-est Jwleysiu.n Fishing Boats vary in l~-th trom 10ft to 6oi't, the
Wl:J].ler boo.ts be-l.OC7 20ft use :mils, or outboard 1DDto:::s~ thoae fro:>. 25ft to
6Crt tl-"'""e ilesel pa.-:crccl ,d.th a fish hold for'e.rd {'Jl\.l a cano:,y e.ft. T:.·.c:t
nar: .• ~11:: cr..ny r.,. c:t"Ctt of 2 ta 4 (c,;:cept Panckor bor.tn) o.nd f'ly cum iw::nti~!
r::;.t:.on ~q;s b:; Ila.}•, uni by nitl:t n bl--it,~t ,:hite li.;ht e.nl a :caller,
;;c,;:.'.:c?· Hi.ht at t!:e c?Yl ::if the !\Ct or line. Co:1,.~ntution ha: fo..--ccd
•~!:,!."1C :.~:::ct:: :,.:t to :1inril~.· t:-,e::e l:..:;hts nt ell t:.::ics but when a. ves~ ... 1
'.u 1 £"~,.~i~ io-:·.'.U"'".ls tl~.:. l!c:;"~'~ :!s U&unllj• :..,i,.m•,--:1 e.-:.d if the vessel is
~:>:.• :;::tr,:rtlj· ;1cadin.::; fol' t?~ci:- nets ~:1c li;:.'lt \-:-ill bo fleshed on and
.rr.
,. • :::id f":.::.hi:~ nt.~ts tl·at fin!~ :in I:1tC'.rn.i.tionol llJli !.:el.eJ:;ian
T~?:;.'itcr:c.1 -..:,::,tcr:::. le,,_.,. !\;r tl".e fiw.n.,:; u--ou.'lda at o.bout 16cc, l3y 18,!0
t!~e.:,· :-c~:. the fi:.hi..'\ ,:rcu.~ ~'1:! cuit t}:eir :10ts. Tf:tr'ouo-.out the
ni,J1t t~.::::t-- 1-e~!..:1 in th: .:=.re.a, ::.·cc·..-.v::ri;,c ~ts .:!nl l!nea b-- (j7CIJ tbe
r,~Uv•.7~i.:._ ~.;-:.:::'ni.ll[. ;;nJ. ::-et::rni.~ to :larbour. 'lho::.'O .:re c fer.; boe.ts
tl~t "~rer,~r to fiM i.'1. Indonesilln clo1mcrl w1 ters, these boats stcy out
fr,r :..b-::-ut _: de.js; c.nd u::.wll:f i;.o out t;,~ice 11 monthJ ,.-ithin periods to
cd:-.ci:lc ~-.-:ith t~<.: l"'iB~ or the ncv □u full r.:x>n, There u ell. year
:-cu:"\:l ~:.::i..~ in lrtlonesi:m cl.tdr.ed TtD.tc::s, Intcrna.tional. und J.:aleysian
~crrito...-i::l ~-~te::·.::i bt.t t!-.c z:on:,oc:l& do hu'\"c .:in ci"fcct on the mteh in
I:'.ltc!-:.1.1.tior.al c..'1.d ~-si.:n :'r::rritcrial m:.tera.
I,:ethods,
.! • J.:aa t ::'.' cr..:.s or lino and net fishin[; a.re- ~;;z;?loyed, larccly confined
'.:o Z?cciNc ~e.i.s~ Co.1~1:f, tin.; net N.Ghings on the Il.':V'. coazt,
u.•i.ft o.."111 line, in tl-,a South~rn Unl.-lcca Str•.d t, and seine net O!l tho
-:::-,st _coz.::.t .r.rc :.:ost ?.:.--cclent.
Pishin: _,re,.s.
4,. (fl) l,;.,J.aj.-:Ji:in Territorial anl Intcrna.tion.tl Wo.tcn.
Pulc.u Pfoane - Xu.k\.;:,.
Crt Ua.lacca Ceut.
One fat~O."'.: ,._,.,-ik in ::.nh Sa.'ld.s Patch.
orr Pu Pois::.~=.
~ese a,:e the 1:'e,.eral fishine. area.s or the Flcctu, who
la:--~el.y keep together in an .approxima.te area of 10 square
m.lcs with the occa:.ional bOll.t operatins alone.
(b) Fishing areas in ln3oneeian Claimed ;-atere,.
(1)
~l (4
Waters surrounding tho coast of'·P'U Rongsang,
Pu Bengka].is and Pu Roepat.
Rob Roy Bank.
South Seuda.
/'1·uah J'.!1lenden erotv.
Disnosition of Fleets.
(a) Jpgkor, Baa.a. bore are the larger boats open.tizg aroun4
Pu. Pangkar, Sembilan Illl&rl!a, menUng aa hr Rorih aa
Penang, Purse ao1nu are ueea, 'ldth UR to 15-20 ZD011 in
each boat. 'l'rn-U.ng :1■ provalen.t but at the preeent t:lmc1 illegal. l P90R ORIGINAL l
CONFIDENTIAL
/Craft: •••••••
National Archives of Singapore
CONFIDENTIAL
Page K.5
25th Karch, 1965.
Disj'IOsit. on of Fleets (continued).
Craft: le11t.-th: 501-6o' bemn.; 12'
Inboard engin~. Diat1ngui.shing letters I PX.-1'.
(b) Pu Ket~.::. (Port St:ette.°1l".m3)
3y fer the lcr,ec:.t !".l.eet operate:s from here, numbering about
10C01)oo.ts. They or,cn.t .. in ~ around. one fathom Bank and
.".rua.h Eiland:m. (;.RO.'. I:.LUIDSJ Group areas. Dr1f't nets are used
tu.l:JjlSt cxclw.ivcl;r. Thc~c ncta -.~.., usually 8CIOl.l and. several
usoi joinc-..i tobcthe:r reaching a total leneth or up to * mile.
TI-.e top o£ +ht- net is usutlly ten feet belD"ft' +.be surf", cc.
Colou.--ed s1•h1 rica1 flo..ta :i.rc used d inter,.alo of about ever.,
50 rt. Cr~ft are either:-
(1} S:,;il: lcJl(.th :c• bewa.: 6'
- ~11 er,-;:;; 2 or 3. Distinguishing letters: SLP.
(2) Por.-ered: lenEth 30' beom: 6 1
inboa...-a. t:n,g!ne. crew: 2-3
Diatint-uishi.ng lettera: SIF.
(c) 7.s.njcnr Sc'"l.:.t.
'.i'hene operate ma.inl;· in l.!alaj'Si.aJ"'. '•:rritorial vatcra between cape
R.!chu.J.o an:l Tg. ?.hu, sa:.ict:imes &rt Dickson is used a.a, base. They
nrc tlso fowld in the One Fathan Bank area. Dr1f't nota aro used.
.u.c.ost exclusivelJ ■
lenr;th: 30' · beam: 61
inboard cncinc. ere-::: 2-3
Distinl:;Uishing lettcre: SIF.
(d) M.::.lacca, Jlua:t.• and Bo.tu Palmt.
;:,bout ~00 boats operate tram these bases: they keep together with
an acc~~iorual one tr.at strays. Princi~l fonns ot tiabing .tre
drift nets :.ni kelo.n&a ■
length; 301
inboard ensine.
Distin.gu:i:s.hing letters: !.:F.
(e) P-,ntu.n and Kukup.
beam: 6'
crew: 2-3
Troe f'leet here conafata or app:raxililately 70 boa.ts. Principal. tJpoa
'lf fishing ere d:rif't net ana small aoine nets inshore. St11.tio kelonga
r:.re 1n c.bimlMce in the area, about the 5 to 6 fathom line. Boats are
'!!l!!.lar to (d)~ above in appearance. Distin,guiahln,g letters - BMP, l:!PP,
POP, JDF.
(r) Sine;spore Str&it.
'l'herc are two t;nea ot tiabtng boats, large ones 71th clieael enai,ne•
that ,to out deep a•, 11114 1111111 B8IIJIGM, driven bf out'boaJ:rda, that'
operate sca.tteNil Coutd t.lw Slllant. !be 1111jority ot tho latter tiah
betr,--cen Ru.ttl.ea !dpt and. lfg. Pla1., lfHZ"l.i' allot theae CX'et1; uao
limi f"iahing, inoluiUa; Lotlmp - dritting line& 81.11SD1D!o4 tl.'Gll tloata,
but ocecs1Mal. note oan be erooun.tewa. !here an IIIBZd blcmga on. or
about the & fm. line. I POOR ORIGINAL I (r) Cont1m.J&td.
CONFIDENTIAL NationaJ Arehives of Singapore
251
252
CONFIDENTIAL
(1) l~--th: 40'-50' bew:i: 151
inbocrd eng::lne crew: 4-6
Di!ltin&uishi.ng letters: U, ST, SF L\l'ld. SPX.
(2) lenrth: 10'-15'
stil11 oars or cutboa:rcl
crew: 1-2
(g) Bast Coast - J,horc.
The fleet is b~d :at J.!ersin.&, and el:11)lays purse ocinea
~.n.1 lines. ;. :w:ioer or ba=boo tiahin& st:.kes, one anchored
1.o tl-.c bo!.tom .,:-e used in pairs. Tho ::iccond &tuke drifts
~""\l the st~:; n::-c jo:·ncd by up to 1f'C"I fatr..o:::a of set lines.
The boa.ts a:·e azout 3G' in length, : 11311 .. - in appcarancc
to ?.:iilacc::a bo .. t=. :l!.di.nL-uishing lette. s: m:F, BPF, POF, JBF.
(h) Zaot Cotist - Y.u.:..,tCL.i'11
Pishi~ st(J:c::; (:ooored to tr.e bottOCl) are prewlent in the
-"~,.-:, &n,-;:e rit.~ :;et lines, others '11th j?8lm t"ran1s (Unjonga)
sec..red b::ne:.:.';?:. the aurtace. these tronda proVide ahad.o tcr
fisl-, 1 ..hioh t..re t.-:.cn C!!.U['ht rl th seine like nets which are
:irifte.i ;:ia.;:;. ~:.1 to the s Die. Dbtin&u,i.8h1ng letters: P~-.P.
(i) 13..,st C,nst - '.i'renrg.:.nu.
?J:e fle::t is b.sed in Ku:::.l.."I. ?&~u am. Kata Bahru. Seine
11ets I drift ~e'=::; :::.ni line fi~ are al1 used. Somo of
these 1'¢ats ope:ute r.cll ofr t!1e coast. SCXlC act lines a=c
al~ pi-evc;J.ent.
(1) P,:,r,e:-ed, length: l+0'-50' beam: 101-12'
inboard engine crew: 6-10
Di:e:tin,guishing letters: 'l'F.
(2) ~- length: 40'-501 bca:n: 101-12 1
sail crew: 9-10
Distinguishing letters: TF.
(j) Squid P'i&hing.
In shallcn ,:;ater (3 f'athomsj in both Singapore Strait end
O.'l tho east coast, Slllall. boats fish for squid. by night.
The i..ethod is to attract the squid by a bright magneaiUIII
l.acp. then scooping them up with nets.
I POOR ORIGINAL I
National Archives of Singapore
CONFIDENTIAL
.8z,. -D
ffl
'-,
FISHING GROUNDS IN' MALACCA SiRh.i ·~ \ ·,
LECEND
Fl SHINC GROUNDS .......... .
-·-.{\
\ \......_
INDONESIAN CLAIMED WATERS - I - l ·--- I ·-; -•·· , ·-- -,,
' t-MLAYSIAN TERRI T-':>RIAL VATERS - - - - ·- - ... " .. ·- \
' '''----.......... ,-~~..--
\ .. " ,_✓
<,:,.
c, --.:.)
M ,._t __ ,c~":'.'.i,• .•:..N
Tf.K~c r<.1HIAL
~,\.._ ''• 0 ·~vAi.ERS
-~ "-----~-~ ........ l
,. '
'
~ ." , ....,, n . w\ 0
I' ~ ' -....c:><-"'•-... ----- ,,s, , ;-z
\Pongkor', .. _,. - - - ~ f!",;:; ~ ~ ...... '.
1
"'l~ '\'J<; ' 9 Gd \ ----', ·".'/ ! , n°" ' ~- ,,,_,,."-/ -.-.
-...:-«,c:1· -- q_~. ' ,, ..,
z
:!
,>.. -...... ........- -- " ., .Y , / m
,· :at><:··· ' q_ 0 .., ' i North~'•·~ ' 6'- ,$' lllo ~ .· '5 ' .• V. (j • ,/ ..... \S,.e.n.d.s, ,: \, ..t "i!i --~ -"'L-~_,, ,,,,, / ' G- , ·-- -... ~- ,-' ' V _.,._ __ ~_.. .,...--~....__.-- ,., ,....,, .. ..,. .. ,-.. '.,A/ t) .· . .. - -- - .· - "' I •-1-1-,-1-1-1-l-1-1-1 ····1·0"._..f,,;·- ... __ -- ___ .... ... .. .. ..... - .-1::;~c--a·:- - - - - - .. .,, -P.-p_jscri~ .... - - ~.f" c.. <:;:::, r- - -1-1-1-1-, --- -·. ~~-✓- ,,-, "
,, .······::-::~:::-•-1-1-,-1 - ,-1··F-.,G·· ,' e . ~ / South_'•··- ..• ~:-1-1-1-1-1-1-i-i- /'O~Kcrmun c----..
....... · 5 ·~ 0 ' __ ,_. 1-1-1 \ l/ ----..,.,
·,A.-·r· aa •.. .... ·, ·. ··...a nds ...-.' •·· .•········· . .,·o, b'.· .R. ay / ;B· a nk ... •·········•. - ◊, "->~
I POOR ORIGINAL l
f '- •: ::- \ . . . .. . . ./ ~·•.... .. .. ... ...• .... ~ ·~... . •'. .. . ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . c=.
,Qlands •. . ... •··········· _..- •, •. •· ,. ..•· >IX. .... ........... ···(M· S:j • ,a><C . •. ..••... •. . .•. •• ,. •. ••
·•... • ........ ,.... ~..... ~~~~ •• ,. ••• (J ~
········· ..: ~- l ~ J ~~ ~ Q ~~
{G
~
National Archives of Singapore
•'
..! ?..
....
\..."l
,.°.:, '
00

Annex 34
Extracts from
Roberts-Wray K., Commonwealth and Colonial Law (1966)

Commonwealth
and
Colonial Law
by
SIR KENNETH ROBERTS-WRAY
G.C.M.G.1 Q.C.1 M.A.(OXON.)
of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law; lately Legal
Adviser to the Commonwealth Relations Office and the
Colonial Ofjice
foreword by
LORD DENNING
LONDON
STEVENS & SONS
1966
1 255 1
1 2ss 1
* '
.~, .. .,:. FOREWORD
BY THE RIGHf HON. THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS, LoRD DENNING .
No one is better fitted to write this book than Sir Kenneth RobertsWray.
His long tenure as Legal Adviser of the Colonial Office has
given him a unique knowledge of the laws of the countries of the
Commonwealth, many of whom in his time became independent. But
there are still nearly fifty separate territories administered under
the · authority of the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
As I read through all that he has so well written, I thought to myself
time and time again: If only we had had this book 30, 40 or 50 years
ago! How much labour and toil would have been saved. We should
have been put immediately on the right track. But these are vain
regrets. There was no Sir Kenneth Roberts-Wray to write it then, or
at any rate no one who found the time : and he has only found time
now since his retirement.
It would be a great mistake, however, to think that this book
comes too late. Sir Kenneth discusses problems which are of vital
concern to all countries of the Commonwealth. Not only to the small
territories still reaching towards independence, but also the great
independent countries too. The basic law (to use Sir Kenneth's
phrase) of most countries of the Commonwealth is the general law
of England. It includes the principles of common law and equity,
statutes of general application, and the Crown prerogative. In this
book you will find decisions from all countries showing how this
basic law has been applied. Particularly a collection of cases on the
u statutes of general application" which has never been done before.
The new written Constitutions bear the same imprint. Most of them
set out the fundamental human rights established by the common law
of England.
The jurisdiction of the Judicial Committee does not extend so
widely now as it once did. Many of the territories feel that an appeal
to London is hardly consistent with their independence. They need
not fear. Australia, New Zealand. Ceylon, Sierra Leone, Jamaica,
Trinidad and Tobago and Malta still com.e to the Privy Council. Their
Lordships advise the Heads of the Federation of Malaysia~ Malawi and
V
,. ·-i:"·..:•··;,-·.
.
VI FOREWORD
Gambia. Here is a most valuable analysis of the Judicial Committee9s
jurisdiction. Never before has there been collected cases showing the
principles on which the Judicial Committee acts in criminal rases.
Here, too~ is an interesting discussion of the future of the Judicial
Committee. Should it be reinforced by Judges from the Commonwealth?
Should it travel round~ as it were. on circuit? There are
difficulties on which Sir Kenneth comments. But they should be
overcome. The rival suggestion of a Supreme Court of the Commonwealth
has not commanded general acceptance. We should reform
the Judicial Committee to fit the conditions of today.
We all know that the independence of the Judges is one of the
pillars of the Rule of Law. The accepted view is that in England
Judges are not to be removed except for misconduct and then only on
the petition of both Houses of Parliament. Sir Kenneth challenges
this. He suggests that they can be removed for misconduct u by other
means/' namely, by judicial process. It is noteworthy that this
suggestion has been carried into some of the Constitutions of the
newly independent territories. Often there is provision for an inquiry
by a tribunal of judges. This is9 no doubt~ wise. It is quite the best way.
Lastly there is here in the :first Appendix a most valuable synopsis
dealing with all the territories of the Commonwealth, their history,
constitution~ judicature and basic law. Everyone who has dealings
with the Commonwealth will find this a handbook to which he will
turn continually. I know I will.
So at last we have the book to tell us all we need of the laws of
the Commonwealth and Colonies. Sir Kenneth is to be thanked and
congratulated.
DENNING.
January 27~ 1966.
1 2s7 l
1 2sa 1
830
Western Provinces
The area west of the Great Lakes and Hudson Bay came under
British control. as the Hudson's Bay Coqipany and the North Western
Company 5 (which were amalgamated in 1821) extended their activities
westwards. The first permanent settlement, Red River Colony. was
established in 1812 in Rupert's Land-territory granted to Prince
Rupert by Charles II in 1671. By the Oregon Treaty of 1846, the
boundary with the United States was fixed at the 49th parallel.
In 1849, Vancouver Island was granted to the Hudson's Bay
Company. Soon afterwards. three neighbouring Colonies were
constituted: the Queen Charlotte Islands _in 1852, British Columbia
(the southern part of the ,mainland) in 1858 and the Stikine Territory
(the northern mainland) in 1862. An enlarged Colony. British
Colum,bia, was formed by the union of these three Colonies in 1863;
and, under the same name. it was united in 1866 6 with Vancouver
Island---which had been purchased by the United Kingdom Government
from the Company in 1858.
The British North America Act. 1867,7 provided for the admission
to the Dominion of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island,
British Columbia, Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territories.
Manitoba (part of Rupert's Land) and the Northwest Territories
(enlarged by the incorporation of the remainder of Rupert's Land)
were admitted in 1870, the former being accorded Provincial status.8
British Columbia followed in 1871 9 and Prince Edward Island in
1873.10 The remainder of British North America, excluding Newfoundland,
was annexed to Canada in 1880.11 Out of this area, under
Canadian legislation, the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan
were formed in 1905 12
; and the Yukon became a separate territory.
distinct from the Northwest Territories, in 1898.
Newfoundland
This province, which includes the mainland of Labrador, was
one of the original "Dominions" within the meaning of the Statute
of Westminster,1s though it did not conduct its own international
relations. In 1933, owing to grave financial difficulties, the Legislature
presented a petition to the King. asking for the suspension of the
Constitution and the appointment of Commissioners to administer
the Government until the country became self-supporting again.
To enable this request to be complied with. the United Kingdom
Parliament passed the Newfoundland Act, 1934,14 and His Majesty
appointed six Commissioners, three from Newfoundland and three
from the United Kingdom, with the Governor as Chairman. After
the war. a National Convention was set up to formulate proposals
:. A partnership formed in 1783-84 but apparently never incorporated.
a British Columbia Act, 1866 (29 & 30 V. c. 67).
1 Supra; s. 146.
s Order in Council of June 23, 1870, S.R.O. & S.I. Rev. nr, 368; Manitoba Act,
1870 (Can., 1870, c. 3).
9 Order in Council of May 16, 1871, S.R.O. & S.I. Rev. Ill, 387.
10 Order in Council of June 26, 1873-, ibid. p. 406.
11 Order in Council of July 31, 1880, ibid. p. 419.
12 Alberta Act, 1905 (4 & 5 Ed. 7, c. 3), and Saskatchewan Act, llX:>5 (4 & 5 Ed. 7,
~~ .
13 Appendix II, p. 925.
H 24 & 25 G. 5, c. 2.
. ""' . -.,-. ~ ~ ...... -..,, - . ~~ ·•:::. .-~.
AMERICA 831
for forms of government. In 1948 there were two referendums, the
second of which resulted in· a vote for .-confederation with Canada.
Agreement with the Canadian Govem-ment on the terms of union
was reached and Newfoundland became the tenth Province in 1949.15
Constitutional Status
Canada is an independent country. It is a "Dominion" within the
meaning of the Statute of Westminster 16 and was one of the origina]
Members of the Commonwealth.
The status of all the Provinces when they were Colonies is not in
all respects quite clear, but the only point of doubt-the distinction
between cession and conquest-is most unlikely to be of more than
academic interest.11 The historical notes above indicate that Ontario,
Quebec and the Maritime Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
Prince Edward Island) were ceded-though Cape Breton Island
should perhaps be regarded as having been previously acquired by
conquest. Newfoundland was a very early settled Colony. and
the remainder of the country was also acquired by settlement-though
the British Settlements Act, 1887. never applied to any part of
Canada.
Constitution 18
Canada now consists of ten Provinces (Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia.
New Brunswick, Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island,
Alberta, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland) and two Territories
(the Yukon Territory and the Northwest Territories).
CANADA AND THB PROVINCES
Executive
Executive power in Canada is vested in the Queen and is
exercised on her behalf by the Governor-General. He is advised by
"the Queen's Privy Council for Canada," whose members are
chosen by him. Advisory functions of the Council are in fact
performed by the Cabinet, which is a committee of the Privy Council
and consists of the Prime Minister and other Ministers.
Executive power in each Province is vested in a Lieutenanta
Governor, appointed for a minimum term of five years by the
Governor-General. He is advised by an Executive Council, composed
(with some exceptions) of Ministers. The title of the chief Minister is
Prime Minister in Ontario and Quebec. Premier in other Provinces.
The holders of certain offices, particularly Attorney-General, Provincial
Secretary and Provincial Treasurer, who are members of the
several Executive Councils. sometimes hold ministerial portfolios.
Legislatures
The Parliament of Canada has two Chambers, the Senate and the
House of Commons. There are at present 102 members of the
1s British North America Act, 1949 (12, 13 & 14 G. 6, c. 22).
16 Appendix II, p. 925. 17 See pp. 105-107, supra.
18 The British North America Act, 1867 (30 & 31 V. c. 3), amended by a large number
of United Kingdom and Canadian Acts. A Consolidation of the British North
America Acts, 1867 to 1952 (up to January 1, 1957), prepared by Mr. Elmer A.
Driedger, Q.c., with notes, was printed by the Queen's Printer, Ottawa, in 1961.
See also United Kingdom Aots of 1 %0 (9 & 10 El. 2, c. 2) and 1964 (c. 73).
259
I 2so I
'[ -.••----,,,.
906
French jurisdiction
The French law in the· New Hebrides (apart from High Commissioner's
Regulations) consists of laws and decrees of France
extended generally to all Colonies. or specifically to New Caledonia
(the New Hebrides not being excluded) or ·made specially for the
New Hebrides. ·
Courts of First Instance
Joint Regulations; procedure of the Joint Court or as laid down
in Rules made by that Court. GS
Native Courts
Unwritten customary civil and commercial law; a code of native
criminal law. The Joint Court in hearing appeals applies~, substantial
justice and the general principles of law " when the law is not
codified.111
(7) Pitcairn Island 118
(with Henderson. Ducie and Oeno Islands)
See General notes above.
History
Pitcairn Island, discovered in 1767 by Captain Carteret of H.M.S.
Swallow, was settled secretly, in January 1790, by some of the Bounty
mutineers and men and women they took with them from Tahiti.
Their presence on the island was discovered by Captain Folger, of
Boston, U.S.A .• in 1808, but though this discovery was reported to the
Admiralty in London in 1809, British naval officers who happened
upon the settlement in 1814 do not appear to have been aware of it.
The islanders were removed to Tahiti in 1831, but before the end of
that year they were back in Pitcairn. Another visit was paid to the
island in 1838 by H.M.S. Fly. when it is recorded in the "Register
of Pitcairn's Island" (the source of much of what is known of the
early history of the settlement) that Captain Elliot took possession
on behalf of the Crown on November 29. The inhabitants vacated
the island again in 1856. when they were taken to Norfolk Island,
but within two years two families returned to Pitcairn Island. They
were later followed by others and since then the island has been in
continuous occupation.
Henderson. Ducie and Oeno Islands were annexed and made
dependencies of Pitcairn in 1902.59
ss See Art. 21 (9) of the Protocol.
57 Art. 13 (1) (D) and (2) {B) of the Protocol.
58 For much of the material in these notes, the writer is indebted to The Heritage
of the Bounty, by H. L. Shapiro; a General Administrative Report on Pitcairn
Island made in 1938 by J. S. Neill and published in a pamphlet referred to as
Colonial No. 155; an article by C. H. Curray in the Journal of the Royal
Australian Historical Society, Vol. 44, Part 6, p. 325; Pitcairn's Island, and the
[slanders, in 1850, by Walter Brodie {1851); and A Soda! and Administra1ive
Hi.ffory of Pitcairn Island, a paper (at present unpublished) by H. E. Maude.
For bodies of laws, see especially Brodie, pp. 80-92, and Shapiro, pp, 295-318.
59 These islands were all discovered by British naval captains. In 1902, Captain
G. F. Jones placed a board on each island announcing that they were depen~
dencies of Pitcairn and the property of the British Government, and British
sovereignty was reaffi.nned in a similar manner in 1937. The islands are not
continuously inhabited, but are visited by parties from Pitcairn. See Pacific
Islands Year Book, 8th ed., p. 167.
OCEANIA 907
Further historical details are given below in connection with the
island's Constitution and legislation. ~· · ·,:
Constitution and Legislation, Past and Present
In the early days. the settlers were quarrelsome to the point of
violence. Of the nine mutineers who took possession in 1790, only
two died natural deaths, and by 1800 the sole survivor was John
Adams.· Until his death in 1829, he exercised patriarchal rule; no
system of government seems to have been required, and no law but his
word .. On his death-bed, he urged the islanders to appoint a Head
to maintain harmony and order, but his wise counsel was disregarded.
In 1832 there appeared on the scene an imposter named Joshua Hill.
Pretending to have been sent as Governor, he proceeded to dominate
the island until be was removed in 1838. In that year, acting on
the advice of Captain Elliot of H.M.S. Fly, the islanders established
a form of government, consisting of an elected magistrate, who
exercised executive and quasi-judicial authority, and a Council of
two-one elected and the other appointed by the magistrate. This
arrangement was apparently revised in 1853 under the guidance of
Captain Moresby; and in 1892, on the occasion of a visit by H.M.S.
Champion, the inhabitants ,passed a resolution setting up a new
governmental system, with a Parliament of seven, including a President
(who was also chief executive officer). Vice-President, Secretary and
two Judges. The PaTiiament was given power to make laws, plan for
the public good, execute decisions of the Court and hear appeals
from its decisions. In 1904 a simplified form of constitution was
adopted, the islanders contenting themselves with a Chief Magistrate,
two Committees (Internal and External), both with powers to make
regulations, and a Council presided over by the Chief Magistrate
and containing the chairmen of the Committees and two assessors.
For the trial of more serious offences, the Chief Magistrate was to
sit with two assessors. The more important legislation and judicial
powers were reserved to competent authority under the Pacific Order
in Council, 1893.80 The External Committee has now disappeared
and the Council consists of the Chief Magistrate, two assessors, the
chairman of the Internal Committee and the Island Secretary.
The early laws were apparently the work of public meetings and
unwritten rules were observed. A record is preserved of Court proceedings
(dated 1833), written laws of a sort were framed at leasf as
early as 1838. and a Code was adopted in 1850. The '1 Rules"
in force in 1884 were published in England in 1889.61 One of the
first acts of the " Parliament " established in I 892 was to enact a
new list of laws.
British naval captains, on their fairly regular visits, were regarded
by the islanders as their ultimate judicial authority and looked to
for general help and guidance in their legal difficulties. It was at the
urgent request of the inhabitants for steps to be taken to regularise
their status and their government that~ in 1838, Captain Elliot devised
for them a form of constitution and a body of written laws. These
instruments were adopted on November 30, 1838. and that date is still
60 See General notes above.
61 C. 9148, pp. 5 (para. 12), 7 and 8.
1 2s1
t 2s2 1
908 APPENDIX I
treated by the islanders (who were at the same time presented with a
Union flag) as signifying their incorporation in the British Empire.
But in 1853, after a visit by a Frenchman, they sent a petition to the
Queen, asking for a document confirming the status of Pitcairn Island
as part of Her Majesty's dominions and that of themselves as British
subjects. The reply gave_ the necessary assurance but did not send
a·formal document since it might imply a doubt where there was none.
While there is no good ground to question the validity of these con•
clusions, it is surprising that nothing was then done to place Pitcairn
on a sound constitutional foundation. No steps to that end appear
to have been taken until 1898. when the Pacific Order in Council,
1893. was applied to the island under Article 6.
By the Pitcairn Island (Local Government Regulations) Ordinance,
1952,62 instructions which had been approved in 1940 by the High
Commissioner in the fonn of Regulations for the guidance of the
local government of Pitcairn Island and assented to by a General
Assembly of the inhabitants, were given the force of law. together with
amending instructions of 1949 and 1950.
In 1952 the Order of 1893 ceased to have effect and• provision
is now made 63 for the government of the island and its dependencies.
executive and legislative authority being vested in the Governor of Fiji
as holder of the additional office of. Governor of these islands.
It is of interest to note that Mr. J. S. Neill, whose report on his
thirty-nine days' residence on the island in 1937 is quoted above9
found nothing which would necessitate a recomm.endation that the
system of government should be suspended or that it had broken down.
Constitutional Status
A Colony acquired by settlement. It is generally assumed also to be
a British Settlement for the purposes of the British Settlements Act,
1887,64 and this assumption appears to be correct. The view is
expressed in Chapter 5 6~ that settlers have a common law right to
adopt some method of making laws for themselves (as the Pitcairn
Islanders did) if the Crown does not provide them with a legislature
under the Prerogative but that the persons making laws by virtue of
this right are not, for the purpose of the British Settlements Act. 1887,
a "legislature constituted" otherwise than by virtue of that Act. If
that is correct. the island is not excluded fr.om the definition of
"British Settlement" in section 6 of the Act.
Judicature
The Governor is specifically empowered, in pursuance of his lawmaking
authority under the Pitcairn Order in Council. 1952. to
establish local Courts~ and to confer jurisdiction upon the Supreme
Court of Fiji. The jurisdiction of the High Commissioner's Court
under the Pacific Order in Council, 1893, was continued as an interim
62 No. 2 of 1952 .
. G3 Pitcairn Orders in Council, 1952 and 1963, S.I.s 1952 No. 459, p. 2307, and
1963 No. 368, p. 327. Royal instructions of March 14, 1952, and February 27,
1963, S.I. 1%3, p. 1423.
64. Appendix II, p. 916.
115 See pp. 153-157, supra.
Annex 35
Extracts from Meteorological Services Malaysia and Singapore,
Summary of Observations for 1966

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES MALAYSIA
AND SINGAPORE
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS
for Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak
1966
PRINTED BY nu; OOVERNMENT PAINTING OFFICE, SlNG.\POllE
12631
264
INDEX
Page
ll'f'ERODUCJ'ION 5
CLIMATE 6
M&TEOROLOGICA.L STATIONSSiai.
ion Slide or Terriiory·
A1or Star Aerodrome (Kepala Batas) Kedah 9
Kota Bharu Aerodrome (Peogblan Chepa) Kelantan 13
PenBDg Aerodrome (Bayan Lepas) Peuang 17
Kuala Trengganu Tre11gganu .. 21
Ipoh Aerodrome Perak 25
Sitiawan Perak 29
Cameron Highlands (Tanah Rata) Pahang 33
Kuantau Ae1'9drome Pahaug 31
Kuala Lumpur Airport Sel.u.ngor 41
Meniing Johore 45
Malacca Aerodrome (Batu Berendam) Malaeea 49
Singapore Airport Singapore S3
·S8Jldakan Sahah 51
Jesselton Sabah 61
Labuo.n Sabah 65
Miri Sarawak 69
Bintulu Suawak 13
Kuching Sarawak 11
Sibu Sarawak 81
AuxtLL\nY STATIONSKangar
Perli, 85
Baling Kedah 86
Su.ngei Patani Kedah 87
Penang (General Ho,pjtal) Penang 88
Penang Hill (Hill Station) Penang 89
Kulim Kedah 90
Bukit Mertajam Province Wellesley 91
Parit BUIIUI' Perak 92
Lenggong Perak 93
Bagan Serai Perak 94
Maxwdl's Hill (HiU Station) Perak 95
Taiping Paak 96
Kuala Ka.ng11ar Perak 97
Jerangau T1eagganu,. 98
Dungun Trengganu .. 99
Tanjong Rambutan Perak 100
r, Cameron Highlands (Ag, icuhure Station) Palumg IOI
Batu Gajah Perak 102
Kampar Perak 103
Kem.am.an Trengganu .. 104
Tapah Perak 105
Teluk Anson Pe1'8k 106
Su.ngei Lemhing •• Pllhang 107
Raub {Gali) Pahang 108
Tanjong Malim .. Perak .. 109
Kuala Kubu Bharu Sela.ngor no
Av:iu.LU.BY MATlON-(co!Ud.)
Staiion
Bentong
Klang High School
Kepong
Kajaug
Jelebu (Kuala Kla~ang)
Ku.ala PiJah
Seremhan
Port Dick~ou
Segamat
Tampin
Merlimau English School
Tugkak
Muar
Kota Tiuggi
Pontian Kechi!
J oho:re Bahru
SINGA.POBE RAINFALL 5TATIONS:Chong
Pang Police St.atiou
Royal Air Forre. Sdelar
Ama Keng Police Station
Seletar 8-rvoir
Honburgh Lighthouse
Royal Air Force, Tengah
Pierce Reservoir ..
Royal Air Foree, Changi
Tempeniii CustolllJo Station
Serangoon Sewetage Works
Ulu Paudan Sewerage Pu•ification Workr.
MacRitcli.i.e ~rvoir
Woodleigb Filters
Kim Cbuau Road Sewerage Worka
TWIii Police Post
Rangoon Road Sewerage Works
Tanjong Kling Polire Station
Botanic Gardens
Marine Police Station
Fullerton Building
Ringwood Road Sewerage Station
Palau Seraya Police Post
Puir. Panj8.Di Power Station
Port o( Singapore Autho!'ity Gate No. 9
Sultan Shoal Ligh1h01lle
Rdles LighthoUlle
Bedok Water Worb
Jurong
Kim Chuan Road (Upper Afr Oh11e.vato1y)
SIG&e or Tttnvory
Pahang
Solaqgor
Selaqor
Selaqor
Negri SembiJan
Negri Sembilan
Negri SembiJP.D
Negri Sembilan
Johore
Negri Sembilan
Malacca
Jobore
Johore
Johore
Johore
Johore
4
Pflfl
•• 111
112
1u13,
IJ5
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127, 13!
127
127,132
127
127, 133
127
128
128
128
128
128
128, l:U
129
129
129, 13'
129
129, 13'
129,135
130
130,135
130
130,136
.• 130
130,136
131, 131
131,131
131
131,138
131,138
265
266
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE MALAYSIA
AND SINGAPORE
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 1966
INTRODUCTION
Tats ISStlE eontllirui summaries for 19 First Order Stations in we11t Malaysia (Malaya), Sillgapon,. and Ea.st Malayaia
(Sabah,andSarawak.), 42Auxiliary Stations in the Federation of Malaya and 29 Rai.Dfall Stations in Singapore,
FIRST ORDER STATIONS
The main stations are equipped with i;elf•recording inatnJm.ents, records from which are tabulated hourly.
These hourly values are conected before publication by eompari.iion with alJ available eye readings of standard
IIOJl•sutographie i.oatnunent6, The hourly values publiahed for Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Peuang, Kuta Bahru
aad X.WU1tan are computed from actua1 eye readings made every hour.
EQUIPMENT
The equipment of the main stationi; are uniform and include the following inetrumenta:M:
ercury huometer.
Stevenson Screen with d.ry and wet bulb paychrometer and maximum and mii:d.uium thermometer&.
Five-inch raingauge of British Meteorological Office standard pattem.
Dines pressure tube anemometer recording direction and speeti.
Thermograph, bi-metallic epiral spring type.
Hair Hygrograpb.
Recording rain.gauge, tilting siphon pattem.
Campbell-Stoke& sunahine recorder.
The following additional inatrume11:te are in use but their records are pot included in the summaries:Barograph.
Beason Nepboseope.
Maxim.um and Minim.wn wet bulb thermometers.
GrBB!I Minimum thermometers.
Earth thermometers at depths of one foot and four feet.
Evaporation Tank.
The expoaure of inetntmtmts of all 11tationa ie eonventiona1.
HOURS OF OBSERVATION
The station~ on theairfielde at Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Kota Bbaru and Kuantan make observation&
every hour. At Malacca and Sitiawan the hours of observation are 0100, 0400, 0700. 1000, 1300, 1600 and 1900 Station
'lime, while at lpoh, Alor Star, Kuala Trengganu and Mersing the boUJ'II of ohaervaticin are 07(10, 1000, 1300, 1600 and
1900 Station Time. At Camernn Highlands the houu f)f observation ate 0700, 1000, 1300 and 1900 Statwn Time.
Station Time is seven hours in advance of Greenwich Mean Time.
In Sarawak and Sabah, the hoou of obeervation at Sibn, Miri, Jessehon Sandakan are 0500, 0800, HOO,
1400, 1700 aod 2000 Station Time. while al Kucbing, Bintulu and Labuan the hows of ohijervation are 0200,
0500., 0800, 1100, U.00, 1700, 2000 and 2300 Station Time. Station time ill eight hours in advance of Greenwi~
ch Mean Time.
AUXILIARY STATIONS
The equipment of tlie Auxilia.ry Stations cmu;ist of a standard SteveDBon Screen with dry ud "'et bulb pey·
.ohronleter and maximum and minimum thermometers, togethu with a 11tandard five-inch raingauge.
The times of observation are 0700 and 1300 Station Time, Station Time is sevea hours iD adwnce ofGreen"¥.ieb
Mean Time.
5
SINGAPO.RE RAINFALL STATIONS
The Raio.fall Stations are equipJJcrl "ith" fivll•inch raingauge of Briti~h Meteorologkal Office sUm.dard pattern.
Fourteen of the twent y-ttlne Rainfall S1atium1 are aHo e11uipped with recording rainga.uge1:<, of .Natural Siphon type,
The ti.me of measurement of rainfall varies at diffcre11t station& and iti me11tio11ed in each summary.
SARAWAK AND SABAH STATIONS
Records from ~tatious iu Sara~n1k aml Sabah are i11clu,led unuer Finl Order Stations.
CLIMATE
The charact,rislic features of the climate of Wesr Malaysia ()Ialaya) aud Singapore are uniform temperature,
high humidity and corious raiufoll and tlu:y arise mainly from the n11uitime exposure of the Penillliula. By unifonn
temperature is meant the lack of large t.em perature variations thr,mgho111 the year; the au m1al variation is not morc
than 4 ° F. The daily rau.ge of temperature is large, being from I0°F to 15 °F at the coastal fi tation.a and fr1>m 15° to
20°F at the inland station/J hut the excessive day temperatures which are fouud iu continental tropical area.6 an,
never e:,.per-ienccd.. It may be uuted lhat au air temperature of I00°F. has \"Pry rarely l,een recorded in Mula ya
under standard conditions. Al thougb the days are frequently hot 11,ul on account 0£ th" high lu1midit y smnew hat oppre5-
aive, the ni.ghu are reaaon.ably cool everywhere and it very rarely haprPnsthat refrl'<1hing sleep io Hot obtained at uigbL
The highest temperatures observed i.n the northern part ohlu, Pettinsula were recorded on 26th and 27th Mareh
1931, v.•hen 103°F. wa5 reccinled at Pulau Langkawi on 27th, and 101 ~},', at Sungei Patani on 26th a,ul 27th and
Kangar on 27th. la the southern part ofthe Peninsula the highest trmpt•rattm, ever reeorded was 103'F. at 8"gam111
on 11th July, 1958. ,
At the bill irtationa conditions are very different. Uniformity of u-mpnature i~ still founJ }lut lhe tcmperatun
itself iii naturally much lower. The highest tl!mperature on record at Loth Fraser's Hill (4,200 feo:1) and Tanah Rata,
Cameroo Highlands (4,150 feet) is 82°F. The coolest night on record at Fra11er's Hill is 53°F. aod at Tanah Rats
36°F, or only 4°F. above freezing point.
2. AlthoughthedifFerences in temperature in West Malayeia ( Malaya)arceomparatively small, whether tt"mperature
variations throughout the year at one place or dilfere11.ce11 from place io place at the same time of the year are
considered, they are nevcrtheleaa fairly definite in some respects and are worthy of mention. Over the whole Pen•
irunJa., there is a definite variation of temperature with the mooeoons and this is accentuated in the Eaet Coal!
districts. April aod May are the months with the highest average monthly temperature in most place,; and
December aod January the months with the lowesl average monthly temperature. The a,:erage daily tempera1ure
in most districts to the eaetof the Main Range is lower than in ~imilar districts west of the Main Range. Th:
difl'erencet in the average ,•aluca in the east and "'est are due almost tntirely to the Jowday temperatures uperienced
iD the Eutem district.a during the North-East Monaoon. At Kuala Trengganu_, for example, the day temperat1m
rarely reaches 90"F, during the North-East Mowioon and often fail11 to reach 80°F. A number of occasions has
been recorded on which the temperature rlid not rise above 75°F. which is not infre11uently the lowest tempcratme
reached during the night in most districts. Night temperatW'1!l'I do nal vary to the same extent. the ayerage usu.ally
being between 70°F. anrl 75°F. ln,Jividual values (all much helow thi$ at nearly all station~, the cooleet night.. com·
monly (oJJo"ing some of the hottnit days. The lo"·est temperature recorded in the plains ia 60°F. which oecurrel
at both Kulim and Lenggong on 6th January, 1937. The coastal statioil!I da not quite ~how 5ncb low temperatnres
btrt even here the night. temperature falls belo"· 70°F. from ti!Jle to time.
3. The variation of rainfall is the ffl0$.t importanl feature in the seasonal dh-isiun of the year, l1Ut this is not 1hr
same everywhere, and u it is due to 1be more uniform periodic r.hangt"l< in 1hc w·ind, the ,, ind ebangei< are u~nally
spoken of when seasons are mentioned. Four seiu;onl! can he distingui~hcd, namely, l hat of !he South-~' c11t Monsoon,
that ofthe North-East Morumon and two shorter seasot1.t1 separating the end of each Monsoon from the commencement
of the other. The beginning 1Wd end of the monsoon seasoUll are usually not wdl--defined, though the onset of the
North-East MoDlloon may be fairly definite,
4. The times of commencement of the Monsoons ,•ary to some e11:tent. The South-West Monsoon is usually
established in the latter half of May or early in June and ends in September, The North-East Mon,;0011 uaually
commem:es iu late October or NoveD1ber and ends in March. There are thllll two periods, each of about t'¥,·o month:
length, betwee11 the ending of one moU11oon and the beginning- of 1he oppollite one, corresponding roughly wi1h the
equinoctial season, The average rainfall or every district is largely governed by this ee115onaJ diviBion, alrhoup
the same characteristics do not appear everywhere at the same seasons.
5. The seasonal variation of rainfall in WC!lt Malaysia (Malaya) ie of three main types. Over the ean coart
distrieu, November-December-January du:ring the North•Eaat moil!!oon season are the m.ontbs with maximum l'aiufall,
'While June-July during the South,Wesl monsoon are the J.riest months in mo5t districts. Over the re11t of
the Peninsula with the exception of the 5outhwest coastal area, the monthly rainfall pattern showa two period.5 o!
maximw.n raiulall &e?Uated hy t,10 period11 of miuiwwn rainfall. The higher mPimum generally occun in the
months of Septemher-Oetol~r-No,·e,taher while the secondary masin1um occurs in March-April-May. Over the
north-western ~on the fo,.·er minimum oecun, in January•l-'eJ,ruary "ith the secondary minimum in June-July
6
267
268
wlwe dtewhere the lower mini.mum occur, in Juue-Ju1y with the secondary minimum in February. The rainfall
pattern over the aouth·weet coastal area is much affectetl l,y early morning "Sumatru" from May to August with
the result that the double maxima and double minima pattern in the monthly rainfall is no longer dillcernilile.
October-November are the months with maximum rainfall and Fel,ruary the month v.itb mini.mum rainfall. The
March-April-May maximum and the June-July minimum are aLsenl or indistinct.
6. The south of the Peninsula and Singapore have a I ainrall pattern which is a i:ombination of the east coast
aml imand type11 in that although Nowimber-December-January are months with the higher average monthly
rainfaD, 11 secondary maximum occ1ll'8 in March or April, while two minima arc diacernible in June-July and
February.
7. The yearly rainfall i& high over the whole of the Penin~uln. the d.1 iest station of those at which records have·
hoan kept being Jelebu. with an a,·erage of 65 inch~. The highest ,ainfall 1ecordcd oecw:< in the Larut Hilb; ncu
Taiping whe1e the average at ''The Cottage'" (4,513 feet) i~ 232 inches. T11iping itself, at the fout of these h.ill&,
hu the highest rainfall of the low-level stations "'ith 1u1 averagrc .,f 166 inches. The high rainfall of this area is exfeptional,
an,! at other hill stations at approximately 1he same hl"igbt hut &ituatcd ,m the Main Rangf", the rainfall
is eoneideraLly less: the average at Fruer's Hill Leing 106 inches and I hat at Cameron Highlands I 04 inches.
8. Considering the Peninsula 88 a whole. the heaviest annual rainfall is experienced m,er the Eat;t Coast districts
where the average is about 120 inches, This a,·erage decrease:1 inland to 1.:611 than 100 im;:hes over 1be central lowland&
between the Eutern and Main Ranges. Between the Main Range and the West Cossl the distribution is
more irregular, In North Kedah the rainfall Jcc.niasm; toward6 t!le West Coaat, but in South Kedah and Perak,
theNI i.a a notaLle increase in the rainfall over tlie region itmnediately lo lhe \';.'est of lhe Ranges before a decrease
toward, the Wen Co.aal. In this region lie~ tne Taiping area which has been mentioned and the Tapah atta \O·ith
144-inches as the avera«e year's fall recorded at Tapah. Along the \l·~st Coast the rainfall deeuases fairly uniformly
from 107 inches at Penang to Iese than 80 inche~ along lhl' coast or Selangor. Further south the di!ltril,utiun is
irregular hut increases tu a little more than 1 JO inches at the extreme south eastern and south•wefitern parts of the
Peninsula. The eastern part ofNepi SemLilan i.!' the driest area in Malaya with 11.11 average rainfall of leB& th.au
10 incbee.
9, The surface winds are ge11crnlly light exeept during th!" North-East. Monsoon \<hen the exposed Ellllt Coan
ar west Malaysia (Malaya) may experience steady v.·imb of 20 miles per hour or morl", gusting to much higher
mf$, fur spells of a £ew days. From April lo No,·eml,er line squalls, known as "Suma1ras••. areompanied by
heavy thunderstorm.a and rain develop in the Malacea Straih in the nighl and move with the prevailing South•
Westerly winde aloft on to the West Coast distrieb and Singapore. These ••Sumatras" have Leen know11 to exceed
150 mile& in length.
7
-!i
196(j.
~ ..
S.IN(;Al'OB,.E RAlNFALL -, AJJXILIARY''STAU.ONS
Amount hi inches
Station· '.Choog ping: Police·
Silltion
:Lat:·1~-27' N ..
:l,oug: l.03~ SO,! ,E.
HCshll\'d,f.S.L. -
Station: &ya! Air Foree, Siaiion: Amir. KeDjl :poll""
Stailiin, Sinifou, Selelu ·~nou
Lai: 1°'.24! N.
Siatfon, Bomburgh Light-,
'hou•e - ·
Slat ion: ,Roya>!' ·Air, Fol'l'e,
riloJi{b
,Jat1uuy
Fibruary:
Mareh
April
)fily
June:
Jμly,
~ugllflf
;$qi1,iember,
,October:
:,t~·o.,.ilmbei":'
])ecettibe?•
·Total.
~I • '
.=~
!2;
~. ;;
c
t-,
.t\.:W(!?l)
8:6fr
3(81 g6)
7,73 2.8)
6.05 )U,.
U~(28)'
.U~;(30)_
~,5-i
I
Selotu
J.ot-:, J! 25 •~N. Lat:i l.~ '24' N:
1,~og·, ~lOS~-.4.'.?.' E.
Ut'. lilioye•M.5'.L. -
,L9ng: 1030 48' E,
Hl.,abm,eM.S.'L. -
,J;ut: 1~'::W,N .. _
•Tengah
Lat :.I~ -23!'N:
LoDB r :103~ ~/;E.
BL abovis M.S:L. -,
, liiiigH03~ 52! E.
.Ht.'<ihov.11:M.S.L, -
Long, IOI!!. 24,f E.
.flt .. aliovi M.5.L. -
I !=· ·J-~
'o 1 .·1:r z~ ~ ,! "' 'r..l ~ = 11 ~-'
:<i .., II I " 'fs d = . .
.. . ·a = •-~ . ~--
- ' . -- I 5 ,}; • "h .'I/ ~
r: -i---L ,'. , .' a·=a ,-I f!I a-- - i-:=af_. ~<•I·
·.· ·"··" " ···•~- ·'. ..... -- ' - Q ~ i
-~ ,_
,Q' ~-
ii -~
;~~r
'a; :~ ;a,,
."~5
ql!. I ·'~II
-~ ·~:~
'i·~ : l~
.;i:i: :t-· )!'; '-~
..
i!
,-~
j
~
Q
f::,-
-· s,.
:Q
\ .. ,...,'a
·z•o: c'.rl:!r
14.
ll
11.
JJ
ii,
·11· ,-,,
17-
!L
,1,3•
l flli -bJ~
~•t.:,
Ii
!4-
:7_9iJ
:1;40
8.S!J
6.94
B.96 s:63
9.'04
:Bo.
HI n·;.,1
12.08
i,: ,I :::;
16 , 1.65
i(\; l.9J
2.1 ; l'.·13
1t ' 2.35
li 3.66
il. . tos
15: };Iii
!!. ·1· ~:~~
'22 q~
93.os, I 190'
8'.
·27·
·21
:30'
8
19' ·2
I
g.
'25
"i;f
·o.·it-_ -~, , ,t '£' ..... -~~-9· } · ·1-~
:uo 26) 13
3.U (:!7), l.'.?
' s.~.l 19
4,'l1' (30) ; J~
. S.89 , 15
5.211" ' is
~At . _ :u:
IAH29.)- H
,7,!83 . 18
lJ.Hi (211\ · _20
8,43, - 211
70.82 ''186
:i
.. I
h.i,~s 1 1
j'\~i!, .. l
j,,33' :j :~~
!!i06•,. 23 );
{;!':' '13
~- ', i
'1(8f i,i
.·,mo 11
\8:05• U
1:110 !!l
•ns 1~
,8;)U )~
El:9,8' p
·1:91 ' 18
/i;,~9· fi
:[1.9• if
•8:08, )'.'j
Hi~S2 • 25
,2:9~ 'l 23
2.23
:'!.S9
•J',71'
1.78
1,62
i 4.10
. '4.03
• S:os
~JQ . 2,28
. 2'22
2,l't ·
.8' 3,65
17 li.22
16, l'.311
10: _ :1-.96
)6, ' 1.85
I? .!!,39
6' B9.
ii' . f:19'
1 'Hf: 2j , (_9~
.l:1· . 6,U .
as, · o.n 1• t o·.06 -i,
JO: 0.63 28·
n; o.64, 2s
j2; 0.92 18
i.o. i:1_.~t i
IS . Uil 2il
r-t r.~s: rs
6 f.fb· 19
'Hi i.54 , " 16
·1,c Ufo' 15
11 · qi ' ;o
<(01 19
3.(,\1 13
1.1-1 • ~o
![31. .15
_(,.48. ,;o
·B.37 M ,s,,1,iii, :i,6
9,98. :-Hi ,@o> J4
'ii;:t1 · 16
1I!li if
.,~,, 1.~
"' ' :1·~,i1,
cli•
:3'.33·
1:26
·-.2. . 1.lij, ,;!:~fj.'
.1,:3,1 . ,
• -;~.3! : :
,0:63·
4.,6} I
•o,95
. 'f:45
2:33'
•2:661 ;fo;;;I~,~-.. i·•"i "• 1-: r :.: .,., .. 1 ...
Es:treme, ,.. r.. ,I ·. . I .. I . 1·3 .66 l ·. . I -- ',~I-:-:-. ": ~~' ·.: : ;;~4: .. '~:~,----·1.,.,,i 1
-,;;':;'",:
Rliihfaif Miwin.a
D..:iiy,it - liil,3.0 }i,1\ i)foo KT~ 083.o S,.T.
Figiirti9;ln limeket'il indii!me ilie ;;,,. of day. .0·11 which,t!ui ramf'all was reeoriled ..
• Obilervatlmiii: u Cbot?:lf Paj:jg dle,c"-'!,tin,j;,a,.
.07iu .. s.t oija:o s:r. ;oji)ii•s,f.
•..·. Q'.;,
,M,;11ith
18 January
22 Febrna:ry
2.0 M...-eh
1,0 .April,
l,S Mo.y.
3 Jiu'i,i,
y,r ,July;
~~ ' ._Aaji;n~t,
I !5.eJ,tem~
,1 iOcuiber.
19 'Nmmber.
U : December
'To·u1·
.Es:ireme1
" ··1•·
· l9fi,!)
00
... ,
N11 ·=•
~onifo
Stiitioi>', .Plomo Rcaii:rvoir
,Lat'i 1° 23! N. ..
i!tt!~:·J.tl: -
:~ffiGAfQillt )l~A,:4 -= AU~~:\: S'f~/IJO~.$.
st:~tiai,.: R oiat .A:i:r '·i\,rce"
. . Chii11j"j ..•
Lit: 1° 23';N. ~~1t!~r Jl,f~_,_
Amount: ~· fuci!ea
Slii.Ji.oiil1'l'eii!ji111iii Ctiitoins
I D,~,\W!"~½; w: .
: ttt~tL}~.!° :rr;,..~
;5_1S:ih>ti:.Seran~oon1.S:D,:W,.
Lit: •l 0 i22r:N•.
'..yngl)Q3°: s1l E.
':m_,;JiJ!<i"" ·M:_s·.t,l-
Sta1li1n,·itl1l'Pandiui s.P.S'. t;i~!~1fl~~l\t. . ...
!Ji:, ;,~or@ M~S?k,-
Stiiti1i1f:.·MacRifoliie:Re..,,.
voit: · · · ffi~t~i!l~!~I-
:~. --~! =i: ~ ! : J! . i I; I~:. .,;~1 = "~~ : :S. . ,_ :;: ~~ - '.~. .s
' =, ~· ,. '. ] = . ~ .= ; := t:, !"1 =: .~ - .=, I :::• ' ~ ~ •=· ~
d =a' ]" Q =; ~ . ·i::l: =1 -3 Q '::: ~) I ,A' i ;::f 'i !A ~
.. ..,,.J,S:. ;W, ·.;a,;.,... ; ~ ~ ... >-1:,: •;; ~, ~ ~· ~ ! •ti ~ ..... :,... a, I ~I I-;,-;,. •; iS •,M >, i:,:;, ,;;, ."I ·11 ... ll:: . .,. .= ll;.,., ' .i:c:, .... ," ':I." :,:;·. ,, ... ;:3 :I:" II:: ·J. ·11 ,.. :
"; O;· : ;Ft -u "c;; o.a: ·-10, 1-., -; 1 c;,fdi ~:A~ ,0 ~ o:·a ·-;Q IP --;;- ; ·'C,i~ ,...i,Ql I 'C>' ~ -~-~. --Cl ( 10
1966'.
iP1'oii,th.
!;' Z: r.!I: Q ;~ z; I ,;:, I ,Q ..,., ii:·:.,,:; •,;:,; , 'Qi : ... z: r.!>· Q .~ i ~ (.!I ;Q' : .. ,, z t:5 !: TQ
; e,. ' ;::' '! .t. -;. ,:; ix: ' ! "' :;; .9 •
1
il· o !!I:: f!. =· ~,.! 'c: .;'i:c: .. 1'! '/! ·-;;, o ,,:; ~ , 'f 11• ,;;! ,~ .;: ; ll ,. 1
\. -;;,I
•. ::~i: ! i -- Ii i . . :::,"'.: ·.J-.c-~--1"-~-i ···•· ~ · . -::::::::::,: : · 1...,
1
=-·"'···"· c-,'-,---'-"--~'F"=
J.~Ji!i.tr, ;9,55 '19 :(,§? 16: i 1,i1 }JI ; : 1'-i'- _4 :1}.q~ 2,,!
fe!>~: '7,31_1 :!!J . 1 _2;~~ 2;7 ~.IJ JO) • , ~ .• 3~; ;,1 :~;;!.7 . ,8
filar,cl,l ; , 7:34 ll; ; Ji-.~J 2,~ M.O 16" , ! n!J ,2J ltM. ,2(!,
Apnl, :11,71 1,4] 2,-IJJ! 30, t?O· !3 ; '2._4l 2i :·w~ 1_4
May •·" 8:98, 18 . I.58 l6i 3.80 l~'. : ' -t.oo: 8 · '9,70 '18·
J~e- ·s:;1f 11),.; l l:Js. 'ii ' 2.a"? ff '' )\8( J : lf?~ ·19.
July 5,82 '14 . • 2.41 ·6• S.311 12: · el.63 6· 7.57 Hi'
'.Auguif ·2:rn, )o . , 0.47 , 3• s.911 , 1'6' ;i:u 11 4.Jo '6
Sep,temlier:. - Hl 13 '1• 2.14· ,t [:Ji ' il 0.65 2• S.2J, 14,
Qeto~ . . ·8.42 16 ;!, 2:11 a, !ii.i1 iii- 2.66 16 10.8s 14,
)';'.tjf,fml>oi ., .• I 15)64, 2s :1 2:~1 14 21.13.. '2f 2.67- ,W _13.29 ~19.
~_"'"""' ;• " I "·"" , ,,,, " '·" " 'M"":""'
r-.o-_t-,,,J- ---------~~,~911,~ 12.~ 1~8_91. ! . -~, 88!83! ms I .• ,. 104.,•s 1 '· v.s: illl.tr.emea l ~:~ :t.2); , , ,_
:~jJ; (l8 , 'P] ,1_5' l,.ul ' 9: 11,::i,q ,f I o,.~!I :n ' 1-~o '.I~ qs• . ~: January.
-.M2·' l!i _:MT 7, f:6g, 2.\1 i. u . '.~' , M~ ;rn I 4;§_9; :u 1.4;7< ' 21 Febr-uai:y
;3dl,' '2r 1~.22 a1_s, a.112 21: 6._.111 u :- M-'i P: ,n,s11 t1a, 2,91, · •2I 1
, l!fai'<:h ··
J.~8 ' 2t M·?•, J.1; · JJq, JI , ,3,1/~ 11; · QJtS '.l!? ' 9,.2.~ 115 ~,82 . 21 ~j)ril
H1) '1 JI -7_,_60, '1! ,h31 2J, .5.37, l~- [ ;l'J)O (30; ~JO, ;16 ~09, : '.!· Maji
!-9§; :J · 5i1]9'.: 1:!_ };§1; ' _J1 ,4~111 7, -(~ I?, s,:i:1, JO J:92 1 J J:C,iie;
,1 -2.00_ ,6., r· sm n .l:!21 11 _2;97 ·9 !l.OS 1,11 !Jll 12- g,~1: .6• ,J,iily
- 2.13, It ',1,91, , 11 ~21~01 l 1,10; a, .2'.00 , :;; g:42 rn o,?3_ ;s A;\l!l~t .. , uo_ :8: 2.9ll. , . 9 1,09; . ~6 3.,61 . 9, , ,1,10 ~·. 4.35 131 !,61 ,L _$,i,ienilier,
I 2,20 :3 9.30. , .J 2 -2.36: I 3 ,5:89 14 .l.50 ,3 l l.32 16 ! 2.55 .. l Ot,lober
I 2.00 :!H l~.41 · Ja ,2,211· 30 '•ij'.!4" 18_ L"!S, is: 1'6:30 21_ I _2.53 1~' . November
1 2.30, •8 h:51 ,2~, 2;62 6 ;:6.~9., lS, .l,25· 1S n.e.6· 20, 1 .1.73 .llja24 Di!cen:ibecr,
7 -"· ,9.il,76, I: i 6\,1 , ,_ r-:, :62.2a ' , .J s1 " _. . ,9t8!i.1 Hff ' ,,,. , . Total' ------ 1 ' .
MJ; , ' · , 3Jl! ,; ; C,c- -·.' .• _ imJJ: ; :-' ,,,. <• . _ _ ~.91 ___ ,'.. ; . j . "Eli.!i'elllet1
Rafofall.'Measm,ldi I
~I),u\y ... t .• ! o:m S:T._ 0700 :s:T: :o_700: S,Tc. ouo:S,Ti. 0830: s:r,, :ono S.T;
tf
.4.,,.
r;i
~
/:" '._'.1
,T~
lfi "L
1~1 ~iNckPoRE RENF& ;,;:.;; cAtJxiLIARi STATIO~
;Amtfu:iit; :in: 'fo:clie11'
lWoodlei. li: Fil :station i ,Kiin;ChuaarRoiid 1
1, !St -,-, T PT p -
li:'fl~~w:=1 ,.~ , __ s,,, !1 m• rs·:·u:w: ~ , ✓.:~~; \·.u~• ~" '-~ , ml!
Ii.at :(l;c u::' l\f, - ·T'.CI; ·1· <>•<if"N· 1 ,l;at-.J, .1l!1:: tf., - ""
I1 ~.., ~~! ·--1-0"3~' •P~~"1"t",''¥1' , L...o n• g·c··"lO "l-"·S 4~ ,' r,,"="?n1!,,,."'.:."'•f,1.s?"1'',",E .. ·· • Ut. a.ti~e M.S,£, -, ; fft'!\\g.Y~Jjl,$JL;-• I Jlt';i11IBtV1:1;Jt.l~)J:; •. -
St~t.if~~ liling&;n~
~ S'~ W; :~~~ ..
i»r ·ft.rtrg;y.
,.,h!hlmY~ YiS.£,,~
'·- A
:flomi S'tj!w![:J 'T)u•Tutii, iiciing
, , 'l'~lic'e_Sli>1\{,~11',. ' -"
:]!.,,1, 1• 18!.N!
Lii'ii~l(iii,"i9trt1
1,Jf~r. a~hoY-e:- M-.S-:-t, -,
I irus,:nt'f"ifoun,: 1 Bs"roN· '· a"n,. .ie. ·,~ C-a-i-i-le-i-i-i
;t:i!11li\lt®'~ ~f ~> ,llt?,,iiliowLM .s.1:.,,..,...,
1966' [ ---
1Moi:iiil,
,, ·1
1
·~ • f~ 1- [j ;, • -~ .111 .. --Ii-~~ [, :.: lj "
I!
' 11
'Mouili;
ii : 1:! j1 'I ~ ; :/! .~ ~j Q ';ii i -~; . A '.ij ~I i I: ,$! l ~ . :~, . ,,= J~•l - •ie ) j; ~ . . !~ );' •~;,. , r,.!!: ' ,-,7 ·f:'- - •1 • , I "m .... =--. - ~ -~' ,. .. >t ., _ __ I f.i'i : r..... :_ I ,;.;.i,. >-. I Jt1: _ ,i;J ~ ..... ~ . ~ ,...... < ..... l
,..j ·C~ ';' I •l-:,A,o· "' .:;;; 'j ,1,,'; 11;!.!,,I, ,~0, o,o ' , ,., :~i:.r.:,:, .~ :·=; ,' 1,!"L1o1,i. i , i=;, 'i' 1,:;i "·"' ,-, ,Ci •ii<f? ti ,::.., 1 1 : ~ ia: ,_ o
1
,.,, ,;; • \_';-2,_ ;}•A' ., 0
~ 1 1 !!l • ,~, a 41 i:id. ! ..... .,. :-j IICill. Afllr#- ,!;,t ~ r _ ic:i;. '"C::· p:'4,. • I ,-1,,,,.,. ~, ---:::.'l 1..,
'it, ' •Oc-' 'I: ~ ,Ji. ';$ ~" ; ,I: !II: i , .. i io' ;;""" u . ' ~' i '1::1 ...; . :. .- ,o:: ' ,o;., i 13 ~ ' ''"i :o ·o;!"!'J ' 'l!!J 2l n ~J ~Q_ i -~ c ; ,(JI , .J:'.j '!:" i';: , ';?· I A .ti ~' i . ' l ,C, _!;< Z'. 1(,ll
~ \s= ,ra
,r:i,:-
'i,";
~
E- Id!!!
Q= l.!;! /(r,.!
t.! i l .... >.),
,;:; 1l ', ,:Ii '"1
~~•' : ~ fl:
~-- .1,.1 .. f,'!i ~. l.; ,it,=~
r,,,
iS
=--"""~=="11;-; -e.":="":=' q;,;,,...,=i----.,.,. ,· ----. .J _,,,,., ~ ~, _.: . .. .• ;;_---";:.; ",,, t,,,, ..
I ll ' I ' ~ : ! l I i1 • ,, ' ·= --- - i,
Jiriiniu-y,., we •11.~!!'l_. 1· ;111, 1.. • s~-i Ii ;111 ,1.0:09;·1' ,J6; i2:.;_.o;1 .11. 1'2fti 1s: ; .1 •.: 2_s ,10;116 ;too, .11 1,:.:rnil ti.~ .swo: --_. i,1: INN, 12s1 • ~:s2_ ' i.s_ , ' .1_';30 a:1 J.~ .. YM1•
F~t,iji,irj, ,.'2.'J f.-S,_JIJ. . JIL ~123:., 121 S:~l!li .JX ;~(tID ,16 1 iS:11 1,51 l\24. :121 °1[,Q'l; 1 1: i\lt!§;I _j j •~'.,Sl;{~1)] !1 m ;:, , .~4.~, U Jl,!59 i2_8) Fe~!"fD'J'
~~J ·~ a r!.3ill] ' 12! S;S?J' · ,t! :s:§J~l!il ;l~ ;i,Jg; ' ~l'. ; '4;.JJ~I J.1' !l.11!1 ; ;i, 3,,3J>, ;~ V9it1 / _g_1] , s.al]i(~911 !! m ,, '!li?il i~ 2,16. '.261 ~
0A~: r.-m I a111~. JJ, :J,591 • l;f! :]!!1"1~111 J~ J:;9~11; JJ, _,.;_ ·.- r, ~"' . rt l.~ m ,,z;,. ! _ ~ 1 ,3.41,(~~)i !Q "B ::, -,1-;iS, 1s 2.24 r!!J 'Afiif,
l~Y;' ::;:,; 8.,80, JI:\• ,!£54lr1 ;!I ;!!' :g~-J ~~ ;:1Q0:,:; _8_ :l:29,m)l 1! ;;r, _ , i;li :Ml], 1 ,11;10: i 16, -~:l5' (:!1), !1; , .''Ii' '(• , ;U~, 13 , , 1m ''" Ma' X
J-11i!_<!! r,::,; ~:98 },! 'H-~i ~ '~;$2f' @. ,\:;16l,' 19. 3:0,11" !? i 9,9~ J, ~.~ 1 :~ ,I :OO., t!,0: ~'.,521 _,_ i !_ft , / ,l03Jj J ;$,;61 , iJO, , 2,5_ 9; ;l \JUll.O !"'!•r.: :,:,i !iJ\21'1 ~'~ OC':!~ ! 61,,~ ~' :t:9V; 6 ,;,!! l~i : !!:,6-6: ~l §}~ ~ :.2;,25!i' ,6, ,3;!14,_,, ,: }9 I '"-~ M: ,t:,6Q•: 12 , 3/45' , 6; ~.ul~ .
~M- ~. r ,~}os_ ;B, 1.:m, ~;$ 5\6§l 'I, ,11110,1, ,1, _,.,, . Co~- c 2.ot, ~ 1-.us:1 , 6 t4,S!N3N, 12 : ,.... : 'l.oa,: n 1 1,,;ia ,l1 I A~,t.
~~, P•' ,f21 ;I 11 1;-11; :~, ijf!:S] 9; }l:521; it , 2;'~1 ,' Is1
, ,H92 :14, ~too; 1 s 'f;6:!:j :2ii ,4:111,<26); ,8
71
,,,., . , , ;5:90; is
1
, 1;sa !241 ~e~
~lo~• ''"' }'1[3~1 ,IS r2,~6;: 3 ,80\ltl1 ill? ,2,l61 1
' - 3 j S.32 (~O)l I II, I ,.,., i ' • 6'.:1.0, J a2 .H~91i 113 -'l,:541(r9J.., M I ,,,. ' '9{28! J8 2.6.'l ,J3) .Oe,_~,
Nminbs .,., rsf~9 in 120i~11 i 2, _ 1if.a51i _22, ;tT62, r:{1 ,3,261 • : n, , i:.ss 1 ·11 12_,aa I~ \14-, ·,. •_ ~o)'I ii11 t:i;n, · I ,.1. 4 ·._ , 11:.f6 ru, a:2?31 1-a: ~i96 121, IN~!e~,
~- .,., ~10;~~- _ ?2 _,ti63lJ 1.:4 __ 11_~&9JI. ,lit,., ;,-tUo;· ,: _ ,1:.s-1 !fl): u ~ ".,_,; _ •• __ ~u.1111 _ ,1~ 12.:01 ~4 1~'.~~· _ I !~:s :1,6,1 1s, 13.11, l!t '.?.4'.1, ,10, -~Jiu,
TotliJ •• -- .,., io3.~}11BO• _ . -1 [{·~~ 96tiotl!S!. 1~ ,.,_ ,,..
1
,~.,:;~~ ~· .:;,,_,.-~:Jr_:::.:· 1 6.\l.S.1i 1_~ ,,,.. . , ~s.s.s; "-?~;
0
.,,,, ~,
1'.l:~\Jf ..
'Exujro-~ .,.,, _·:·'. -,~· isT.~9JJ, · "''" ·· · ·,1;:tQ '-· ,-:.. t• ]" ,,,, L~. --",) L:_i ,,, t •r•~ ,1 ~~ _,J _:3~~ .j ~" tltt.-t!
.. _ - --- __ ,,,,,, -- '".'' -- . - ~----
m'.i'ti(oiif llu1und' t®IY;•f . -- . ;, .. 101301 _s:-i', !ii6~J!jlf:, (QQ~ ~.jf, 9'.630''.~fr'J: 0830'.'s.r ,, -~oo s;)',
,Hf~§~• [l)JuJili~Jli 'maJ~w,. !'fit: lio,.;riftifiif11. ci.JtWfiliiiir{J~\rn'.moo.i: ~~ ~tii~ii\1:
~
....
. ~
'1~66:
~l)j:,_th.
, ,Sti,tion:· :Mnrine P<ilice·
' 8inUOn1 ~-- , ·
'Lal•: 1•·11/:N:
11 ._Loug: lb3~•51' E.
;Hf, ,ubo:,e :M!S:L:.
SINGAPORE; RAINFALL -. :A\t.X.ILl!AlU:.'. ST·X!J'IONS.
_A,moriiit 'm. liuclieb
. . -- ~
Srali1>n,;FnU~cto'! Bui!din111·;
, Lab,1° '17''N,
'fa1ug::T03°,Sl! E,
HI. nbove M.RL.:=
I
:s1;;i'lnn: Ringwood .no11il
,s.w;·
Lat': 1,•. 1111 N.
L<mg:i 103•_5_3_'\E.
:·Ht.,ahovil,J\>l:'.S,I,. -
'Si'ation: Pu'.lau Seraya
Police ·Posi::
'·L.at:,1° l1';;N.
L'l"ll' JOS~_,t4,' E·.
Jh. ,above •M!S.I,;_,_
I . • . ..
iiStalion: :Paoir Panjang,
IPow..r, Stailon '
. :L~l: l~ 17' N.
;u,,n~:_,_1,o!? 4fE·
HL •. <lbov~;.M.~;l;. -
S1ut.inn: Port-' o(, SmJa•
.pono,ih(thorii:y Gaia'9;
Lale l"'J'6':N .
I .Lifog::103° 49[ :E,
in. ,..:bovi: ,r,t:s:~,,,-
.. . ,,:1• '"_ = m'" f"•__ ,:: • .. .. ! .. _ .. ::. , ,ci ·== ~•: ,_. ~- ~ ,~..,.I = :[~ ~ ..... t 1,:: ~I ,._, == ~· '.:: = l ~- , ~~-
~ '"'~ .... ~¥ , ...
.,5 A , ,::::· ~- i:I I =, le ,1: ·i::.: = ·'of• A I'=; .:I :Q :-· ri! i Q• ·,::;
,S- :i , :&: ,9 ;::::' I i:, :~ ' =i ~ i .S = , i:!. ,r,. I :'; ~> c~ · ' :-, , : f«
~ <;:; ', ;.,'. -i>, &! ,:l '.,, >,, J >4li ,;:, >,, i::!.' Jl ' .,, >; J, •~ I ·_. j,., Q;l '. ,J, , '• '.>,!
'; 'S:§ ':s,~: ii i, ~-§ i 'Ill~:" .. ~ ,;'~l: ·11 ~ i '<>\ I 'tf ~ 1
~. !!iA; .; I '-.a ''.s~: lei I :.. , -.. i 'l:-~: '!p ..
196_6:
Monlfo
..; c j f, "' ;; ;;1 .; 1# , ,@ .. , , i; ·.; , ,.;;il ! ., .it o .; ,a;-- !, "' ;; "o . .; i=; e _oi
1
,;, ;; 1 ·~•.ii;: ! ·<i I ;; .., Z ' :U' A ,;.; Z ' ·t.:,: · .c:i ..,, ;,,i:.- t.:, I :o ,.., : Z U- Q ..,1 'Z t>• , ,c;il !-< I Z ·l.!) A
• •• • .., , • , . • i .. • I - r· - i ; . • _._ : ;· " . . ' .. ., ., .. i . '. ·: : .. I •• iii . ii ;: . . . ·~
,Januqry Hi: : 2,60 f7 9".!i6 15 'l' 'i.'1'9 'li1 j 3.i,'o '.15:, ;0.90 [ '.!Ci ' 6;681 18i l '!.'l'I ,23' : 6,71' :rn •1'.56_ i J7 •1:2s_:, il9 '1 1:20: ji
F.ehcnaq• ,6 i , 0.fiO 4, ~:13 B, : - '0.46 :21 - 4.,5 \f '.2'.98 I 1. 16 _ 3;:.7 l l ; O.B-1 ·3, ,1~• . l'.i16 :6\ 0.46 1 :TS, 1,3:23' 11 :IO, '.l.0_4-: :
Mar.,h., 15: i 2.-70 161 :!Oi95,' 19 ' 2.92 16 :10,Ts 13• 2.95' I :211' ·6.89, 16 :1:,55 '11 ,1.811 Hr , . J .• SfJ :3, I ;a.or ' U I .21, -,
,~pr!lj 9; , 2:15 130; ~ .. 2~ ~~ ; i 2_.2_7 ,so: 1 6.7,i !4 3.00 i 30 ; 6":S_f 15 Q:.9•~ l.9 a}_._2 i?) -24~ f~I, .·6.fi J~ li1r11
/Ila), 1 . ?AO .I 'J -1-~2 H I i 2.40; l '? , 7.70 JS_, 2.Q:O I 20 , ,'J.9J, l 9. 2.U· 30 4.~9, J~1 ~- .4,6 .19 , ~-f~ 13- , ,1.{12 , ,
Jli!ie :6; ',, l.3_0 -~-' H! !,(! _ ;l.4Ji 4 4.03 '.12;' , r.~o :1_0• , 3(83! ll.!! '.lA3, ,4 ' 5,26 12 , J:,~9, 4 : ?.'J~. ;iu1
' ,.1,0; '
)~y lO; l.~ ,l~ ~5~ l§ ;: 1.12 14. ,11.23 1,9: 2AO. 6- >U;, JS J,()1 ,6_ ·-i..9(/ n, ; 1:,9:i ; 5,1.~. '.:14- l,4~;
,:Augue~ 16-; ):I.0,9 ~6, <i,,5.~ 9 : S.f!.~ -'~ : a,.~5 :<i; 2.0~ -~ :,4:Q,a ••.•.. ,. 11~; .11!52 ;23 ;19:~s JO i t.B~ : s,9~ _,a, h'.i9, ,s,._,~1: :6: ;,oQ ;~_1 ,M2 15. : .r.•n :2t Mi ~ ·2;40. 26 , uum, ,6' ·""' ~-9~ 1~ · 1.9,~ , PJ 12 1.Jp_ i[i
!)etohff 1~1 , M.5 121 , .7,\12 !6-. : :t,Mr ta 13.a,5 9, 1 i.g~ 1 -~ •• __ · .,,, 4,,1!. t4: : _9,,8).. 1 5,34 112 ,1/lO, •,
.'Jltove!"bclJ: ' ' d" _ _-- 12.1~ 2} i .I.?~ :;J · 4:,_29, f J:.!O '.J• j 9,:~?; 1;7, Il,~7 16-' 1
[ 2_cl ~ 11 -_~.56 ;l 9; i;,.80
18
12
u
15
8
4,
j
8
Hi
"i2
18.
24·
Jimuary
:F:e~lirriil ii'-.-/ ,.,
Jlay
Juite
Jjify
:Auglll!t
,September'
October -
November
.De~ 2,1.1! J )f,94 19, , : g,8'1' !2,i . /3-\i.~ I!, Q.8§ 6 , P? I§; _l,91 I?• , t,'.l , z.26 ll hU ; n.,c,omber•
. ~-· ~~ ' , ---1,,,~----11-.--'--"--c ··- ; .. . .. ,..... I i -~···' --¼--'--,,""'I ~.-"''-"'"',.,.+,....-....,.;..1""-""'•'='""""""""'"'""..,...'""""="-
;-;,b\&I ;96i~3- 180 : : .,., 6;1}}0 : 1'17 i ,· ,., .. ,
1=.,,,,;,;;,,1"'"-';.:::,._,;,._,,...... _..~. . ,.. ... 1 : .... .-,.',, -· ... ::., .:.", -;-,'-,,.-0',(-~~--==1,-'\--"-~ -
i · 3. 06 . 300 - I Extiii:iiiiiti
,..... . --·•· . i :~-~--- . -·-•· ~>· .. ::.=..-..:__ , .. -,,=--~ ..
:nai'ritaiI '..r.iwllN!'dl
'Pali,tr..:t · - (!1130 !j;':'ifi, :Rll)o ,,sir, o:6_3!1: [Si"I\ 11sto. s1i: !!l!Ji] S:."r. ,~_f3[!l $;T.
j;;i,/2Jrea1 ;,:ClitackJ;ti<)hdi<iatii'tt:,~; iii.i,'"iiifc•d;If°~fii"w:l1iohjhe rafufalf.we:~ ,re:<if,&i,_il.
00
',~,
]9ti6'
'Monili,
i,.i.
""· .Janun ...
'""' :FMaercbh •~.
April
May
,June
July
[Auguit' '" ,'
Sep1emJ>i;r
Cletobit~ ..,, ,
Novembu
D~m~:
1•;·
■',i,:
,.,
~taHon.: .~~).t!!,11 ~hOli! ~ht'.
'hOUAe:
I:.at:il! 14',N.
:Long: 103"'3!1''E;
Hf. •hove ·M,S~; .,,.
]:
3:
o.,
E,<;
l ~
:I ·=.i ~ - 11 ;• .••. ,>' ,. ~•,
I
.,',~~ .SA'
I, ·'zO i:! ! C ~
;~st:
SING:.OORE::RAINFALL - AUXILIARY :STATIONS
4:fuimiit -~ inches
Sia,tiim: :Jte.111!'! )Jgh._t!i~:
La.tJ: 1" 10',N.,
Long:1103"· 44' F;._
:Ht.,above •ll:S.L.•,.,,;
,=.,:,,
l ....
i
i:.- :~;
~ ~!~ -:;] 3',:f ,:;J! I,;!,;;.
z ::'~
!
A
S.. t·awtioorilri:.~:-:. B.a.d, o..i,<,.W,,.a tu·
I.ai, '.i• 20'-N.
J;1>ng:.l03!'S6' •E.
Ht, •how ltS.L ..
i = j, ~-
i:l ..
·ij ~:
" . a -..:;.~ i ~~-- ,Q, 'S \ {~,:a, I
,._,,' .,ii:;, ..... ,Z
~"' 11,o
ii t,
.!.. Q<I ·'1 · ..;.!.
(!I , A,
I
I
11
. :fJlt~2'i~t~
Looig: l03°,44!E,
IJ;t'. abo:ve M:S.L.
:~1
,,.!l,'
i&!'
')
:(-1
!
z~.. ~I .
.J:I' a.
oi
la;,; i:~ !!!'A,
t•dl•
P'
:! ·d
'A
,Station KimChuliiiRolid'
:1 :i:,I~\:f-1l:N .....
: ;J4nir::lll~" l$3" ;l!i.
H~.,aho~,Jif.S_.L.
~
~
]
~
;i: ::,
,~-
' ·a r~J !
.!!
~;
I<.'.
..,. >,
!!I g01 ' .'II .!:I;
t"' : ~!
.. 1 1 r 1-:- 1-=-1--i--l--"'---:I;· · 1 , · \----i1 . ~-, · 1 - : .,.. ·-- ·::· 1 .. ·:·:·- 1,, . -1
!11 I
ai'.58
!t0.0
6.92
2.00,
4!59' Ji.o.~ (2l) 3,3,;r .
J!"_Jjfj·
f.96
f.99·
9,64
2:~s,
~
9
ft
A
~
~
-i~,
4
15
li
18
•o:ti • 23
J)l i !l ,ni· I 11
i_.fil i ~~-
: ;" ' I I!,;,
0.,8,6 1,4.,
0,91 ,5.
0.19 ;121
2.72 }3.
2.!iii is , o·:s1 20;
.,;i~.•·'~
12·.n·
1.25:
,6\39,
;•4.Qt;"
I 1.88
2, 7ji
6,72
::t,95
i4' · 6,6s
i 6.52
,iii '.fat
is l::?a.
H '.6ifi U :U~ 12 0:,;12;
19. ~.tlt
29: 1Ul 21 ·s.6i' 0 e io:fa:
4 i3'5ii1
ti t(:94;°
24 , :5'iiil
; SJ!!.-~' (30) ']•_ U
9.29 I 19
. S:.49 . 18
i~.,._ 6_,,i,i.. '18
1.13' ,20
i :Si33'
; 'iQ/4:
14;«16:,
.~~,4~}
Iii: l i.47
9; : iLs"i
U :Bi w , ~.,n
{~· . H!
h ,:Lei
12' ·s:1,·
,16 ,frt'8
22 ij';ff
22 .2;11
~
~
2?
~
·1~.
~
~
~
~
i
~i
~~
,6;24,:(29) •
,6.25'.
-9.08
J~ '\I "'J ,:M.48 :18 • 1.82 ,!I !January
1.0 2.23 ;27, ,7 .25 7 3.9! :J6, , february,
17 l.36 13 10,20 is • 2,67 21 , M11rch .
H !~§1 l? t~fl i6 ' 2.09 •so l:A.pni
, t8. z,091 19_ 1.~~ 1$ 1.90 _e • llla.f ii :U: · l.~l l; .ns 11! ),_;!$ ;1? Jun,i 1Ul 5-911
· (05 ~.of ' '13 ,M!I .. -~ '!-JI.". )2 _hS.6 ,1_4, J_uiy:
. 2,84 1i lil R tll "11 :t ig ~!· JUif!iw
10.53'
ifo~59 i\'
, 8.55 : 1
,· ~ . .,-,..,'~ ···,·t ", .... ,,,~ <., 1,,~. ·~ :~ep·,, ~·'·
1,5 'il:,'.7~; ;g _11;+4 !S: ·l,Jjl .3· : QeJ_li,l>".f
U :1,54_ 24. I 8d Q, 22 . ~.15 ,29, : Noveniliet
'19 l ;32• 24.' 1 14:§i 20 ) i 3,1'6 . :ii; : Oe~emher
............ ' .......... : ........ , ,,._;:: - ..... ~ ~ ..... 7...: ........... ' ·--~..,_.... i .. " . .. . , .. ,,..., .·: r~"-- . i "'-l'.:·_1·'·· I' -~ ...
~_!;~el • • .. •. • ... I
Iii I~- 1 -~11 ","" ... ,.. ' ,., ' __ ..-"-'I I l'.99.10, ! 181' ~-- ~ :88,4!1 _ '. , 105,10 166 ! -,,,_ ~-- ... 7~::~~:-. ,.
•4.80. , ,,. 1 i ... • .,. 3,92 : Extremes
f ; L . 1~ Tn•• •n nLt• •
' Riiliifall ·MeaimedJ)aily ilt, ,.; ; -01139::;._1\ O.Bifii .S,J) 0;7~o S;'J\ 6830 S:'l''.· 0930;S;T.
'.F~ures ;;n [br~tiketa :i11.<lfo<i~ ,(i,., nq,, of /l~;ti "Qn: .wljieli the rainfall 'Wll'il rooottl!id.
1~66
PJIOl!Ul
~

Annex 36
Extracts from Meteorological Service Malaysia,
Summary of Observations for 1967

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE MALAYSIA
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS
for Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak
1967
PRINTED BY ART PRINTING WOllKS KUALA WNPUR
1!167
1 27s 1
276
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS-Station
Alor SLar Aerodrome (Kepa\a Batas)
Kota Bharu Aerodrome (Pengkalan Chcpa)
Kuala Trengganu ..
Penang Aerodrome (Bayan Lepas)
lpoh Aerodrome ..
Gtmeron Highlands {Tan.th Rata)
Sitiawan
Kuantan Aerodrome
Subang Airport
Mersing
Malacca Aerodrome (Batu Berendam)
Jessel ton
Sandakan
Miri
Bintulu
Sibu
Kuching
AUXILIARY STATIONSKangar
Baling
Sungei Patani
Pcnang (Gener-JI Hospital)
Penang Hill (Hill Station)
Kulim
Bukit Menajam
Parit Buntar
Lenggong ..
Bagan Serai
Jemngau
Maxwell's Hill (Hill Station)
Taiping
Kuala Kangsar
Dungun
Tanjong Rambutan
Cameron Highlands (Agriculture Station)
Batu Gajah
Kampar
Kemaman
Tapah
Teluk Anson
Sungei lembing
Raub (Gali)
Tanjong Malim
Kuala Kubu Bharu
Bentong
Kepong
Klang High School
Kajang
Jelebu (Kuala Klawang)
Kuala Pilah
INDEX
State or Tel"ritory
Kedah
Kelantan
Trengganu
Penang
Pcrak
Pahang
Perak
Pahang
Selangor ..
Johore
Malacca
Sabah
Sabah
Sarawak
Sarawak
Sarawak
Saraw-<1k
Perlis
Kedah
Kedah
Perutng
Penang
Kcdah
Province Wellesley
Perak
Pernk
Perak
Trengganu
Perak
Perak
Pcrak
Trengganu
Perak
Pahang ..
Perak
Perak
Trengganu
Perak
Perak
Pahang
Pahang
Perak
Selangor ..
Pahang ..
Selangor ..
Sel11ngor ..
Selangor ..
Negri Sembilan ..
Negri Sembilan ..
Page
5
6
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
53
57
61
65
69
73
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
116
87
88
89
90
91
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
IOI
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
277
AUXILIARY STATIONS---(contd.)
Station State or TerritorJ' Page
Seremban .. Negri Sembilan .. 109
Port Dickson Negri Sembilan .. 110
Segamat Johore · II I
Tampin Negri Sembilan .. 112
Tangkak Johorc 113
Merlimau English School Malacca 114
Muar Johorc IIS
Kola Tinggi Johore 116
Pontian Kechil Johore 117
Johore Bharu Johorc 118
RAINFALL STATIONSLundang
Kclantan 119
Bachok Kelantan 119
Pasir Mas Kelantan 119
Melor Kelantan 119
Batang Merbau Kelantan 119
Ayer Lanas Kelantan 120
Kroh Pernk 120
Klien Intern Perak 120
Dabong Kelantan 120
Pulau Jerjak Penang I :!O
Sungei Torak (Selama) Perak 121
Selama Headworks Pcrak 121
Bukit Panchor Kedah 121
Pondoland Estate (Taiping) Pcrak 121
Jerangau Estate (Kuala Brang) Trengganu 121
Landas Estate (Ajil) Trengganu 112
King Georpe V National Park (K. Tahan) Pahang .. 122
Frnser's Hill (Bl. Peninjnu) Pah,mg .. 122
B.atang Kali Selangor .. 122
Renong Tin (Batu Caves) Selangor .. 122
Connaught Bridge Power Station Sclangor .. 123
Federal Experimental Station, Serdang Selangor .. l2J
Kajang High School Selangor .. l2J
Port Swettenham (Dock An:a) Selangor .. l2J
Middleton Estate (Rompin) Negri Sembil:m .. 123
4
278
< '
· METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE MALAYSIA
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 1967
INTRODUCTION
THIS ISSUE contains summaries for 17 First Order Stations in Malaysia, 42 Auxiliary Stations and 25 Rainfall
Stations in W. Malaysia.
FIRST ORDER STATIONS
The main stations are equipped with self-recording instruments, records from which are tabulated hourly.
These hourly values are corrected before publication by comparison with all available eye readings of standard
non-autographic instruments. The hourly values published for Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Kota .Bharu and Kuantan
are computed from actual eye readings made every hour.
EQUIPMENT
The equipment of the main stations are uniform and include the following in9lruments:Mercury
barometer.
Stevenson Screen with dry and wet bulb psychrometer and maximum and minimum thermometers.
Five-inch raingauge of British Meteorological Office standard pattern.
Dines pressure tube anemometer recording direction and speed.
Thennograph. bi-metallic spiral spring type.
Hair Hygrograph.
Recording raingauge, tilting siphon pattern.
Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder.
The following additional instruments are in use but their records are not included in the summaries:Barograph.
Besson Nephoscope.
Maximum and Minimum wet bulb thermometers.
Grass Minimum thennometers.
Earth thermometers at depths of one foot and four feet.
Evaporation Tank.
The exposure of instruments or all stations is conventional.
HOURS OF OBSERVATIONS
The stations on the airfields at Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Kota Bhar'u and Kuantnn make observations every
hour. At Malacca and Sitiawan the hours of observations are 0100, 0400, 0700, !000, 1300, 1600 and 1900 Station
Time, while at lpoh, Alor Star, Kuala Trengganu and Mersing the hours of observation are 0700, 1000, 1300,
1600 and 1900 Station Time. At Cameron Highlands the hours of observation are 0700, 1000, 1300, 1600 and 1900
Station Time. Station Time is seven hours in advance of Greenwich Mean Time.
In Sarawak and Sabah. the hours of observation at Sibu and Sandakan are 0500, 0800, 1100, 1400, 1700 and
2000 Station Time; at Miri 0200, 0800, 1100, 1400, 1700 and 2000 Station Time; at Jesselton, Kuching and Bintulu
0200, 0500, 0800, I 100, 1400, 1700, 2000 and 2300 Station Time. Station Time is eight hours in advance of Greenwich
Mean Time.
AUXILIARY STATIONS
The equipment of the Auxiliary Stations consist of a standard Stevenson Screen with dry and wet bulb psychroineter
and maximum and minimum thermometers, together with a standard five-inch raingauge.
The times of observation are 0700 and 1300 Station Time. Station Time is seven hours in advance of Greenwich
Mean Time.
RAINFALL STATIONS
The Rainfall Stations are equipped with a five-inch raingauge of British Meteorological Office standard
P&ttem.
5
CLIMATE
The characteristic features of the climate of West Malaysia are uniform temperature, high humidity and
copious rainfall and they arise mainly from the maritime exposure or the Peninsula. By uniform temperature
is meant the lack of large temperature variations throughout the year: the annual variation is not more than
4°F. The daily range of temperature is large, being from I0°F to 15• F at the coastal stations and from Is• to
20°F at the inland stations but the excessive day temperatures which are found in continental tropical areas are
never experienced. It may be noted that an air temperature of IOO'F. has very rarely been recorded in Malaya
under standard conditions. Although the days arc frequently hot and on account of the high humidity somewhat
oppressive, the nights are reasonably cool everywhere and it very rarely happens that refreshing sleep is not
obtained at night.. ·
The highest temperatures observed in the northern part of the Peninsula were recorded on 26th and 27th
March 1931. when I03''F. was recorded at Pulau Langkawi on 27th. and 1or··F. at Sungci Patani on 26th and
27th and Kangar on 27th. In the southern part of the Peninsula the highest temperature ever recorded was I03°F.
at Segamat on I Ith July. 1958.
At the hill stations conditions are very different. Uniformity of temper.tture is still found but the temperature
itself is naturally much lower. The highest temperature on record at both Frctser·s Hill (4,200 feet) and Tanah
Rata, Cameron Highlands (4,750 feet) is 82"F. The coolest night on record at Fniscr's Hill is 53 F. and at Tanab
Rata 36°F. or only 4°F. above freezing point.
2. Although the differencc:5 in temperature in West Malaysia arc comparatively small. whether temperature
variations throughout the year at one place or differences from place to place at the same time of the year are
considered. they are nevertheless fairly definite in some respects and an: worthy of mention. Over the whole Peninsula,
there is a definite variation of temperature with the monsoons and this is accentuated in the East Coast
districts. April and May are the months with the highest average monthly temperature in most places and December
and January the months witti the lowest average monthly temperature. The average daily temperature in most
districts to the cast of the Main Range is lower than in similar districts west of the Main Range. The d iffcrences
in the average values in the cast and west are due almost entirely to the low day tempemtures experienced in the
Eastern districts during the North-East Monsoon. At Kuala Trcngganu. for example. the day temperature rarely
reaches 90''F. during the North-East Monsoon and often fails to reach 80"F. A number of occasions has been
recorded on which the temperature did not rise above 75°F. which is not infrequently the lowest temperature
reached during the night in most districts. Night temperatures do not vary to the same extent. the average usually
being between 70'F. and 75"F. Individual values fall much below this at nearly all stations. the coolest nights
commonly following some of the hottest days. The lowest temperature recorded in the plains is 60°F. which
occurred at both Kulim and Lenggong on 6th January, 1937. The coastal stations do not quite show such low
temperatures but even here the night temperature falls below 70"F. from time to time.
3. The variation of rainfall is the most important feature in the seasonal division of the year, but this is not
the same everywhere. and as it is due to the more uniform periodic changes in the wind. the wind changes are
usually spoken of when seasons are mentioned. Four seasons can be distinguished, namely. that of the SouthWest
Monsoon, that of the North-East Monsoon and two shorter seasons separating the end of each Monsoon
from the commencement of the other. The beginning and end of the monsoon seasons are usually not well-defined.
though the onset of the North-East Monsoon may be fairly definite.
4. The times of commencement of the Monsoons vary to some extent. The South-West Monsoon is usually
established in the latter half of May or early in June and ends in September. The North-East Monsoon usually
commences in late October or November and ends in March. There are thus two periods. each of about two
months length, between the ending of one monsoon and the beginning of the opposite one, corresponding roughly
with the equinoctial season. The average rainfall of every district is largely governed by this seasonal division,
although the same characteristics do not appear everywhere at the same seasons.
5. The seasonal variation of rainfall in West Malaysia is of three main types. Over the east coast districts,
November-December-January during the North-East monsoon season are the months with maximum rainfall,
while June-July during the South-West monsoon are the driest months in most districts. Over the rest of the Peninsula
with the exception of the southwest coastal area. the monthly rainfall pattern shows two periods of maximum
rainfall separated by two periods of minimum rainfall. The higher maximum generally occurs in the months of
September-October-November while the secondary maximum occurs in March-April-May. Over the north·
western region the lower minimum occurs in January-February with the secondary minimum in June-July while
elsewhere the lower minimum occurs in June-July with the secondary minimum in February. The rainfall pattern
over the south-west coastal area is much affected by early morning "Sumatr.ts" from May to August with the
result that the double maxima and double minima pattern in lhe monthly rainfall is no longer discernible. October·
November are the months with maximum rainfall and February the month with minimum rainfall. The March·
April-May maximum and the June-July minimum are absent or indistinct.
6. The south of the Peninsula has a rainfall pattern which is a combination of the cast coast and inland types
in that although November-December-January are months with the higher average monthly rainfall. a sccondatY
maximum occurs in March or April, while two minima are discernible in June-July and February.
7. The yearly rainfall is high over the whole of the Peninsula. the driest station of those at which records have
been kept being Jelebu. with an average: of 65 inches. The highest rainfall recorded occurs in the Larut Hills near
Tai ping where the averctge at "'The Cottage" (4,513 feet) is 232 inches. Taiping itself. at the foot of these hills. haS
6
279
2ao 1·
1he highest rainfall of 1!1e low-level stations with an average of 166 inches. Ti1e high rainfall of this area is cc:,eptional.
and al other hill stations al approximately the same height but situated on the Main Range. the r:1infall is
considerably less: the averai;e al Fraser's Hill being 106 inches and that at Cameron Highlands 104 inches.
8. Considering the Peninsula as a whole. the heaviest annual rainfall is expcriem:ed over the East Coast
districts where the average is ;1bl,ul 120 inches. This average decreases inland 10 less than I 00 inches over the
central lowlands between the Eastern and Main Ranges. Between the Main Range and the West Coast the distribution
is more irregular. In North Kedah the rainfall decreases towards the West Coast. but in South Kcdah and
Perak. there is a notable increase in the rain foll over the region immetlialely 10 lhe West of the Ranges before a
decrease towards the West Coast. In this region lies the Tai ping area which has been mentioned and the Tapah
area with 144 inches as lhe average year's foll recorded al Tapah. Along the West Coast ll1e rainfall uecreases
fairly uniformly from 107 inches al Penang 10 less than 80 inches along the coast of Szlangor. Further south the
distribution is irregular but increases lo a lilllc more than 110 inches al I he extreme south eastern and south•
western parts of the Peninsula. The eastern part of Negri Sembilan is the driest area in Malaya with an average
rainfall of less than 70 inches.
9. The surface winds are generally light except during the North-East Monsoon when the exp,Jsed East Coast
of west Malaysia may experience steady winds of 20 miles per hour or more. gusting 10 much higher values, for
spells ofa few days. From April 10 November line squalls. known as --suma1r:1s··. ,1ccompanied by heavy thunderstorms
and rain develop in the Malacca Straits in the night and move with the prevailing Snu1h-Wcs1erly winds
aloft on 10 the West Coast districts and Singapore. These .. Sumalras" have been known 10 exceed I SO miles in
length.
7
1967 RAINFALL STATIONS-WEST MALAYSIA 1967
Amount in inches
Station : Lundang Station: Bachok Sta1ion: Pasir Mas Station: Melor Station: Datang Merbau
Lat: 6°06'N. Lat: 6°03' N. Lat: 6°02'N. Lat: s· S8' N. Lat: S0 49' N.
Long: 102° 14' E. Long: 102' 24' E. Long: 102°07'E. Long.: 102° 18' E. Long: 102° 03' E.
Ht. above M.S.L. 20' Mt. above M.S.L. 9' Ht. above M.S.L. 30' Ht. above M.S.L. 30' Ht. above M.S.L. 70'
Month .. Month ~ !':'. ~ .5 .. .;.. , ·C- "' ·e- .. ·C- >, .5
3 .. 3 .. 3 0 .; 3 0 ;; 3 0 ~ 0 ~ Q -; C 11., C 11., C C 5
~
·;;; 3 11., -·» ·;:; 3 - >,
·;;; 3 - >,
·;;; 3 ii ~ .. a: ._ C ~d "' ._ C 11 .. "' ._ e 13 .. "' ._ C a: ._ C -l'.l >..,
-;;; o·; .., ;; o·; -c ., -; o·; -Q ., -; o·; -o s .. o·; -c .,
0 oi:i:: ~ .. .. 0 oc: ~ .. .. 0 o"' ~ .. ;;; 0 oi:i:: ~ .. "' 0 ~"' ~ .. ;;;
I- :z 0 Q I- z 0 0 I- z 0 Q I- z 0 Q I- 0 Q
~
January .. .. .. 40.80 18 12.33 6 37.41 12 17.82 s 38.73 16 12.18 4 S3.98 IS 17.08 s 42.98 20 10.60 s January February .. .. .. 7.8S 16 3.48 27 7.44 12 3.84 27 9.21 IS 2.82 18 8.86 IS 2.99 18 8.88 14 2.38 18 February March ... .. .. 1.21 8 0.46 10 0.67 6 0.19 10 l.90 s 0.6S JI S.32 3 4.03 8 3.14 7 1.30 10 March April .. .. . . 4.74 9 1.40 2S 1.98 3 0.81 18 0.63 I 0.63 I 1.84 4 0.81 18 3.72 II I.OS 21 April May .. .. .. 4.49 II 1.66 22 6.40 9 2.00 24 7.14 9 1.90 24 6.61 8 2.SI · 24 3.73 II O.S8 IO May June .. .. .. S.42 16 1.18 19 4.46 12 1.10 30 7.7S 13 J.76 30 8.68 JO 1.90 19 I 1.82 14 2.98 8 June July .. .. .. S.S8 12 1.83 14 7.07 JO 1.41 24 12.06 JO 2.27 8 8.S6 9 2.94 24 S.S1 16 0.89 14 July
August. .. .. .. 8.08 18 ! 1.58 6 7.21 14 1.58 12 13.74 16 2.78 6 9.7S 17 1.92 19 14.7S 19 3.3S 14 August September .. .. .. 6.48 13 1.89 20 S.91 12 1.44 10 11.48 14 2.2S 29 12.42 II 3.7S 9 12.39 20 2.70 IS September October .. .. .. 8.02 14 2.33 12 8.90 JS 2.20 7 8.97 14 1.83 12 9.01 16 2.01 19 12.73 23 2.2S 9 October November .. .. . . 2S.18 20 S.74 30 31.16 2S 4.92 14 24.47 19 4.25 JO 24.22 20 4.S2 22 20.36 20 S.01 2S November December .. .. .. 7.82 19 3.10 I 8.00 16 4.72 I 8.4S 14 3.36 3 6.81 13 2.47 3 8.20 20 2.2S s December
-
Total .. .. .. l2S.67 174 .. .. 126.61 146 .. .. 144.53 146 .. .. 156.06 141 .. . . 148.27 19S .. . . Total
- -r---- -
Extremes .. .. .. .. .. 12.33 .. .. .. 17.82 .. .. .. 12.18 .. .. .. 17.08 .. .. .. l0.60 .. Extremes
Rainfall Measured Daily at .. 0630 S.T. 0630 S.T. 0630 S.T. 0630 S.T. 0630 S.T .
~
1967
Station: A7er Lanas
Lat: 5°47 N.
Long: 101° 53' E.
Ht. above M.S.l. 105'
Month
">". ·=
::§ 8 ;f C ·;;; ~ - >. 0:: ... c l'.l .,
] o·.; -;;;O ciO:: t! .. ~ i2
.,
;z. 0 0
~ January .. .. .. 21.25 16 5.00 5
February .. .. .. 8.79 II 2.18 19
March .. .. .. 6.94 6 2.40 II
April .. .. .. 8.55 12 1.55 19
May .. .. .. 6.64 II
11.60
8
June .. .. .. 5.82 7 1.95 10
July .. .. .. 6.58 7 3.25 20
August .. .. .. 13.96 12 I 3.6s 29
September .. .. 15.22 17 2.10 16
October .. .. .. 17.64 19
11.92
II
November .. .. .. 17.35 II 3.72 27
December .. .. .. 10.84 15 2.65 6
Total .. .. .. -139.58 144 .. . .
Extremes .. .. .. .. .. 5.00 ..
--
Rainfall Measured Daily at ..
RAINFALL STATIONS-WEST MALAYSIA
Amount in inches
Station: Kroh Station: Klien Iman Station: Oabong
Lat: 5° 42' N. Lat: 5° 38' N. Lat: 5°22'N.
Long: 101° 00' E. Long: 101° 01' E. Long: 102° 01' E.
Ht. above M.S.L. 1027' Ht. above M.S.l. 750' Ht. above M.S.L. 139'
".>.'. ·C- ">'. C !'!, C "' ·- 8 ·- :§ 0 ;; ~ 0 ~
::§
C LI.. C C ~ ·;; -~
- >.
·.; ~ - >,
·.; ::§ = .._ C l'.J o, tx ... c 1'.l o1 0:: .._ C -tl >.,.
;; o·;;; -o ~ ;; o·;;; :.o ., ;; o·; -o
~ ci1X ~ .. ~ ciO:: t! ., .. ~ ., ciO:: i'!"'
;z. 0 0 ;z. 0 0 :z 0
18.12 13 5.56 3 12.16 8 3.84 4 33.30 17 11.27
1.80 I 1.80 I 0.56 I 0.56 27 7.98 II 2.25
0.67 2 0.40 I 0.58 I 0.58 I l<.13 5 3.25
12.61 14 2.53 7 1.55 13 2.20 17 11.61 14 3.00
12.01 19 1.86 2 7.57 16 1.10 3 11.16 10 2.60
10.00 12 2.50 25 6.53 II 2.68 24 ~-:?~ 7 2.52
2.95 II 0.73 18 5.57 8 2.16 I 9.4:? 12 2.27
8.90 16 2.62 26 4.68 9 1.56 25 7.51 12 1.23
10.59 I 17 2.42 27 9.32 12 2.48 18 11.19 II 2.55
12.42 j 23 2.50 25 12.39 14 2.92 22 l!.33 13 1.27
11.60 16 3.67 25 11.83 14 3.24 25 17.64 18 7.05
0.88 I 3 0.60 19 0.93 2 0.68
·'
6.0:? 15 1;28
102.55 147 .. .. 79.67 109 .. . . 137.52 145 ..
.. . . 5.56 .. .. .. 3.84 .. .. . . 11.27
·- --
0730 S.T. 0630 S.T.
00
1967
Station: Pulau Jerjak
Lat: 5° 20' N.
Long: 100° 19' E.
Ht. above M.S.L. 30'
Month
.~. ·C- J! 0 ~ C ·;;; J! ., 0:: .._ C -l'.l o>1 . "3 o·;;; -o
-;;; ci 0:: em ~
0 0 a I- :z 0
4 6.39 6 2.30 s January
18 2.15 2 1.30 I February
10 2.72 4 1.02 II March
28 8.50 10 3.12 30 April
IS 7.25 14 1.12 s .May .
17 6.00 10 1.72 20 June
2 3.16 4 1.49 I July
18 9.01 9 3.12 27 August
17 8.18 9 2.30 8 September
19 I I.SI 10 2.87 4 October
25 8.16 12 2.21 19 November
I 0.87 3 0.63 7 December
. . 73.90 93 .. . . Total
.. . . .. 3.12 . . Extremes
0630 S.T.
Siation: Sungei Torak
(Selanw)
Lat: s~ 14' N.
Long: l00.0 44' E. .
Ht. above M.S.L. 50'
Month
~ ·C-
;§ Q ;f C ·.; ~ w;,,.. a:: '- C II " .; o·;;; wQ i! " ..
~ .;t::i: z rJ ~
N January .. .. .. 9.10 t8 1.85 3
February .. .. .. 5.70 10 2.65 I
March .. .. .. 1.11 18 1.70 29
April .. .. .. 19.85 27 2.35 26
May .. .. .. l l.85 20 2.70 20
June .. .. .. 4.15 14 2.05 23
July .. .. .. 6.43 13 2.25 24
Aog1.1s1 .. .. .. 6.40 9 1.85 8. 14
September .. .. .. 11.60 19 2.50 25
October .. .. 8.25 18 1.35 26
November .. , .. .. 2.,.1 s 21 2.60. 27
December .. .. .. 5.~5 II 1.55 17
.
Total .. .. .. IW.10 198 .. ..
Eic:tremc:s ... .. .. .. .. 2.i0 ..
Rainfall Measl1red Daily at .. 0530 S.T .
RAINFALL STATIONS - WEST MA.l,A YSlA
Amount in inche-s
Station: !Mama Head• Statior\: Bukit Panchor Station: Pondoland Estate
works {Taifiing)
Lm: r 13" N. Lat; 5" 08' N'. Lat: S'O!'N.
Long: 100· 42' E. Long: lOO'· 30' E. Long;: 100° 04' E •.
Ht. abo"<" M.S.L. 40' Ht. above M.S.L. S' tll. above M,S.L. SO'
I ~ .s -~ .s ! .E
;.§ Q" ;z ~ Q" a ·.C; ;§ C ~ C ~ .. >, ·.; ~ ii >.
·.; J! .. >. tr. '- C !lq it; .._ C tr.. '- C io o·; -c 0 ·.; "3 o·;;; " -;;
f ., ~ .. ~ 3 .;i:i: ~ .. ~ {:. 0~ d ~ ,;o::
:z 0 ;z, 0 Q {:. ;z, 0 A
7.44 20 1.70 12 12. 12 16 2.07 6 10.51 16 2.49 3
6.41 10 1.90 I 5.27 13 2.15 27 4.80 12 1.21 I
"8,83 15 1.25 i3 7.83 12 1.95 1l 6.14 9 U4 II
24.06 24 3.15 26 6,42 ·14 0.88 3 12.28 24 1.63 20
12.00 20 2.50 20 I 5. I 8 18 2.75 17 21.02 15 4.77 20
8.18 14 3.25 16 10.57 11 2.62 15 5.30 II 1.22 18
8.72 11 4.15 24 5.o-t 5 2.25 't D2 8 l.39 16 5.11 12 !{j() 9 5.36 9 2J9 25 7.14" 6 2.29 9
8.17 18 2.17 25 6.R7 13 1.20 19 . 7.69 13 l.50 13
10.84 -20 l.65 3 12.BI 16 2.32 27 17.90 16 2.99 15
25.34 22 3.65 21 t(-..)9 20 3,110 II !6.08 23 J.91 7
4.47 7 1.4) !7 5.!4 7 2,RO 23 4.25 12 .I.JO 6
---
IJ0.23 193 .. . . 109.00 154 .. .. 118.49 165 . . ..
.. .. 4.15 . . .. .. 3.90 . . .. .. 4.77 ..
0600 S.T· 0630 S.T. 06JO S.T.
Station: Jerangau Estate
(Kuala Brang}
Lat. 4'" 59' N.
Long: lOJ" 10' E.
Ht. above M.S.L. 98'
Month
">' , .S
:§ d ;2 C
',il ~ .. >,
i:,: 'o-·C; -1A3., ;; :li:,: ,s ~ f " .. 0 Q
41.90 19 8.67 5 January
13.27 13 3.89 27 February
7.70 7 3.61 10 March
1.92 5 LOO 18 April
9.65 13 3.SO 15 May
5.62 12 1.82 30 June
6.89 15 l.10 s Jul)'
11.40 12 3.23 15 August
16.37 !6 3.05 17 Septeniber
16.69 23 2.17 16 Octoher
27.53 24 3.22 25 November
14)3 22 2.68 1 December
.173.27 181 .. . . Total
.. .. 8.67 . . Extremes
l)6(J(l S.T.
00
NI
w
Ul
...J
r.e
Q
N
N
Month
January ... ..
February .. .. _
March .. ..
April .. ..
May .. ..
June ..
July .. ..
August .. ..
September .. ..
October .. ..
November .. ..
December ~·-~ ..
Total .. ..
Extremes ,. ..
Rainfall Measured Dail~ at
..
.... ..
..
., ... . .. . . ....
..
..
..
Station: Landas Estate
(Ajil)
Lat: 4' 56' N.
Long: JOJ" l I' E.
Ht, above M.S.L. 55'
U"MMn
I ..,
~ -= J! 0 7,l
.C; ~ :'.§
ci:: il f.· '- C
3 o·;;; ,.o .,
{:. ,:;i:i:: :: .. ;;;
:z. 0 0
32.22 16 9.45 4
16.24 14 6.83 27
8.13 7 2.80 9
3.23 8 2.04 18
10.72 12 14.48 15
3.50 10 I t.20 26
,15.39 19 3.0S 2
12.11 14 3.08 9
13.25 11 ! 4.72 29
J0.99 20 1.83 15
28.84 26 3.55 26
16.)0 21 2.11) I
170.92 178 .. ..
.-. .. 9,45 . .
0530 S.T .
RAINFALL _STATIONS - WEST MALAYSIA
A!llount in •inches
Station: King George V Station: Fraser·s Hill Station: Datang kali
Nali<Jllal Park (K. ( B1. Peninjau}
Tahan)
Lat: 4" 23' N. La!: 3°43' N. Lat: 3' 28' N.
long: 102° 24' E. Long: JO 1 ·0 45, E. Long; IOI" 39' E.
Ht. above M.S.L. 200' lit. above M.S.L. 4341' Ht. above M.S.L. 150'
>'. ·= !:'.. ·= ">", C
:'.§ "' ~ .. .. -- 0 ;; 0 ~ 3 0 ;e " u. C C ·.; :'.§ ·;; ~ ·;;; ~ 0,: - >, - >. - >, '- C l:l ., i=: '"- C ~Q ci:: .._ C 13 ..
;; o·;:; -o ., ,ii o·;; ! ;; o·;;; -;O
0 ciO:: ~ ., ~ 0 o:i=: !! ., ~ ... z c;;ci:: !:! .. 0 ... :z. 0 0 z_ 0
----,
I
.. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 9.34 8 3.02 .. .. .. •· .. .. .. ... 4.93 4 1.99 .. .. .. .. .. -·· .. . . .. 7.78 7 2.27 11.64 18 156
14.19 15 6.03 1 10.02 20 1.24 12 15.14 17 2.03
5.06 10 2.91 11 3.30 9 1.96 15 7.95 6 2.50
853 13 1.92 19 3.16 9 0.70. 18 3.61 3 2.52
5.92 14 I.SI 14 3.40 15 0.56. 18 5.84 6 1.75
11.21 18 J.61 18 4.21 6 I.SO 23 15.58 15 2.60
7.93 j 18 2.78 .12 12.38 23 2.08 21 18.53 22 2.35
I0.60 30 I 2.28 26 2U8 JO 3.68 18 23.97 26 2.32
5.62 15 1.33 15 7.9! 25 1.66 21 0.57 2 0.35
I
i
.. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . 124.88 134 ..
.. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. . . 3.02
0700 S.T.
00
Station: Renong Tin
(Batu Caves)
Lat: 3° 14' N.
Long; 101• 41' E.
Ht. above M.S.L. 70'
Mooth
"i;'' .s
~ 0 ;; ·= ~
., ~
ci:: ,_ C -ll .>,,
;; ~~ -o 2 ..
8 ~
~., -;
; :z._ 0 Q
·I
13 8.14 13 l.40 25 January
28 .4.31 12 0.83 26 February
13 10.66 IS 1.80 12 March
5 11.03 13 1.72 JI l\pril &,
26 4.20 14 0.82 21 May
-1i."
17 8.29 11 2.87 17 June
18 5.26 8 1.73 19 July
19 4.87 9 l.37 19 August
11 4.17 IS 0.80 I September
24 4.09 16 0.77 31 October
I 5.91 19 0,90 11 November
4 0.83 3 0.45 15 December
. . 71.76 148 .. .. Total
.-. .. .. 2,87 .. Extremes
-
0630 S.T.
1967 RAINFALL STATIONS -- WEST MALAYSIA 1967
A 111oun1 in inches
Station: Connausht Stat ion: F. E.S. Serdang. Station: Kajang High Station : Port Swe1 tenham Bridge Power Statio11. Station: Mlddleton fa1a1e School (Dock Areai (RompinJ Lat: 3° 03' N. Lat: 3' 00' N. Lat: 3'00' N. La1: 2' S9' N. Lat: 2°42'N. Long: IOI" 28' E. L·o11g: IOI·' 42' E. Long: IOI"'' 47' E. Long: 101" 23' E. Long. 102° 28' E. Ht. above M.S.L. IO' Ht. a hove M.S.L. IJO' Ht. above M.S.L. 130' Ht. above M.S.L 7' Ht. above M.S.L. 220'
Month ., i Month
,., ., "' "' \:', i::: ~ .s ·- .;., , .E' .'".' .5 - ·- "' ~ "' ~ .c :] Q J! A a,: 3 Q ~
Q .5 ~ ,:: ~ ,::: ~ c:: c::
~ .. 3 ·., :!.l ·., J! - >,
·.; ~ ii~ ·.,
Ill: ii~ ~·~ ~~ Ill: ... ,:: ii~ "' ..... ,:: ;i,. Ill: .o_·,.:;: -o Ill: 'o-,·:-: -.; i'!~ I~ .. -.; o·.3 ,.a
" ;; o·., .;Q " s i'!"'
., -.; o.;!
.,
0 oi:i: .; 0 ci"' e"' .. ~ o"' I!! "' ~ ~
oi:io: .. ~ .i
!-< ;z 0 A I- z O· Q z Cl z 0 a ;z: 0 A , ____
....
t:l
January .. .. .. I 7.7! .. .. .. 8.74 18 2.65 13 9.8~ 1S 2.56 25 6.07 . !I 2.92 J 12.46 II 3.10 14 January February .. .. .. 4.19 . . .. . . 6.29 IS 1.10 25 l!.72 II 2.99 17 5.28 15 l.92 2 11.91 7 4.45 15 February March .. .. .. "9.19 .. .. . . 8.99 17 1.70 9 9.81 J3 I.SJ 22 5,9'} 8 2.'}I 2 5.62 4 1.92 1 Mar,;h April .. .. · .. 7.80 .. .. . . 9.34 22 2.25 29 ll.J6 17 2.00 5 5.37 16 1.32 28 2.52 6 0.74 22 April May .. .. .. 4.62 .. .. . . 3.86 15 1.35 13 4.51 7 1.69 17 1.70 12 0.52 20 S.S8 15 0.95 26 May June .. .. .. 8.39 .. .. . . 7,5'} 13 ).80 17 8.85 g l.79 26 5,1'} 9 J.98 l7 3.01 8 0.92 26 June July .. .. '•• J.46 .. .. .. ).85 (J !.00 29 2.97 6 1.11 21) S.5.1 10 2.48 18 4.77 10 1.45 8 July August .. .. .. 3.12 .. . . 2.13 9 1.00 20 !.94 9 0.58 211 3.15 II 0.98 25 3.53 9 l.75 21 August September .. .. .. 8,20 .. .. .. 8.22 1r, 1,(,0 s 5.5(, 16 0,81 5 8.H5 9 3.10 4 5.02 10 2.15 1 September O.:tohcr .. .. .. ! 1.85 .. .. .. 9.22 16 1.66 26 14.19 20 1.41 28 8.78 IS 1.50 19 9.71 13 2.33 26 Oetohcr November .. .. .. 13.15 .. . . 9.30 24 l.85 29 11.16 14 2.53 9 8.78 19 1.54 23 11.38 l ~ 2.97 24 November J>e,;e m ber .. .. .. 4.97 .. .. .. ~.02 1_2 J.0() 2S 4.47 !! 1.75 20 l.'13 II 0.78, 12 7.IO 15 2.64 Hi Dece111bcr
-
Total .. .. .. 86.6~ .. .. .. 8:L~.5 !86 .. .. 96.40 145 .. . . 66.64 14f> .. .. 82.61 123 .. .. Total
--· ·-- ·-- -
Extremes .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 3.00 .. .. .. 2.9'} .. .. .. 3.10 .. .. . . 4.45 .. Extreme<i
-· •T--~
Raillfall Measured Daily at ,. 05J0 S.T. 0700 S.T. 0630 S.T. 0630 S.T.
00

Annex 37
Communique on the Five-Power Conference on Far East Defence
dated 11 June 1968

BRITISH AND FOREIGN
STATE PAPERS
1967-68
VOL. 169
Compiled and Edited in the Library and Records Department
of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office
VOL. 170 will be a General Index to
VOLS. 166 (1961-62)- 169 (1967-68).
This will conclude the Series.
LONDON
HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE
1 2a7 1
1 288 1
GREAT BRITAIN, &c. 895
Law, at London, on 7th June, 1968 ;(10) Agreement on the
Restriction of the Use of Certain Detergents in Washing and
Cleaning Products, at Strasbourg on 16th September, 1968.(11)]
(10) Treaty Series No. 117 (1969) (Cmnd. 4229).
( 11) Treaty Series No. 23 (1971) (Cmnd. 4646).
COMMUNIQUE on the Five-Power Conference on Far East
Defence.-Kuala Lumpur, 11th June, 1968(1)
On 10th and I Ith June, 1968, at the invitation of Y. T. M.
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, Prime Minister of Malaysia,
delegations from the Governments of Australia, Malaysia, New
Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom met in Kuala
Lumpur to discuss defence problems arising from the decision
to withdraw British forces from Malaysia and Singapore by
31st December, 1971. The following Ministers attended:
[Here follow the names]
Tunku Abdul Rahman welcomed the visiting delegations and
made a general statement on behalf of the Government of
Malaysia.
The five countries concerned reaffirmed at the outset their
continuing interest in the peace and stability of the area and
declared their intention to maintain close co-operation among
themselves. The discussions of the Conference proceeded on
that basis.
The United Kingdom delegation described the planned
programme for the rundown and withdrawal of British forces
and drew attention to the substantial defence faci]ities and
surplus non-operational equipment that would be made available
free to Malaysia and Singapore for both defence and economic
purposes. They also described in outline the form which their
continuing interest might take after 1971.
A general exchange of views followed.
The representatives of Singapore and Malaysia declared that
the defence of the two countries was indivisible and required
close and continuing co-operation between them. This declaration
was welcomed by the representatives of the other three
Governments. All representatives at the Conference regarded
(1) H.C. Deb, Vol. 766, coll. 720-723.
896 GREAT BRITAIN, &c.
it as an indispensable basis for future defence co-operation. The
representatives of Malaysia and Singapore said that their Governments
were resolved to do their utmost for their own defence
and they would welcome the co-operation and assistance of the
other three Governments.
The Conference went on to discuss some of the practical
defence problems that would result from the British rundown
including the assistance that Malaysia and Singapore would
require in developing an efTective joint defence system. In doing
so they drew upon reports prepared by Advisory Working
Groups, set up hy the Commander-in-Chief, Far East, in which
ofliccrs from the five countries had participated.
The Conference recognised that an integrated air defence
system covering both Malaysia and Singapore was required and
agreed that the Air Defence Advisory Working Group should
study the form of the integrated control and management of
such a system. They also discussed the elements which the
system might comprise and the phasing of the necessary action
and authorised further detailed examination by the Air Defence
Advisory Working Group. The Singapore delegation outlined
their Government's plans to raise ari air force which would
contribute to a joint air defence system; this would include a
squadron of Hunter Mark 9 fighters to become operational
prior to the completion of the British withdrawal. The Australian
delegation indicated that as a contribution to an integrated air
defence system, Australia would be prepared to provide a Royal
Australian Air Force component based on Butterworth with
elements deployed to Tengah; the arrangements to operate
beyond 1971 would depend on decisions to be taken by the
Australian Government on the part which Australia would play
in the defence of the area after that date. The United Kingdom
delegation stated that in addition to the part that would continue
to be played by Royal Air Force elements of the system up to
the time of their withdrawal, the United Kingdom Government
would be prepared to make available the necessary ground
facilities, including airfields, radar and communications facilities
and ground-to-air defence equipment. They would also assist in
the development of the new arrangements by providing training
and, to the extent that this proved to be necessary and practicable,
by the provision of specialist personnel on loan to the other
Commonwealth Services concerned.
1 2a9 1
290
GREAT BRITAIN, &c. 897
In the sphere of naval defence, the Conference noted the intentions
of the Malaysian and Singapore Governments to develop
forces which would co-operate effectively in coastal defence;
the agreement of the Singapore Government that the Royal
Malaysian Navy continue to use the Woodlands Naval Base and
such other facilities in Singapore as might be agreed; and the
intentions of both Governments to agree on arrangements for
controlling after 1971 what are now known as the "Naval Base
Waters". The Conference agreed that the Naval Advisory
\Vork.ing Group should make recommendations for the retention
and operation of naval facilities in the area after 1971 in the light
of the requirements of the Governments concerned.
Turning to army matters, the Conference agreed that it was
desirable that there should be joint exercises in the area after
1971, and to facilitate this agreed in principle that there should
be joint exercise planning machinery and a jungle warfare training
school on a multi-national basis. These matters would be
further studied by the Army Advisory Working Group.
In the context of a discussion on the ability of the United
Kingdom Government to deploy forces in the area after 1971,
the Conference agreed that there should be a major exercise
in 1970 in which all five countries would participate. They
noted that British participation would include a major reinforcement
exercise from the United Kingdom. It was further noted
that the United Kingdom Government also intended to continue
training and exercising British forces in the area after 1971.
The Malaysian delegation indicated that, in the light of the
commitments and contributions by the other Governments,
their Government would be prepared to consider additional
contributions over and above the present strength of their
Armed Forces which were already a substantial contribution to
joint defence.
The Conference noted that a new understanding about the
Anglo-Malaysian Defence Agreement(2) would be necessary in
due course. To this end, there would be joint consultations
at a later stage.
The Australian and New Zealand delegations observed that
their Governments would take into account the proceedings
of the Conference in formulating their Jong-term defence policies,
(2) Vol. 163, page 49 and Vol. 167, page 49.
898 GREAT BRIJ:'AIN, &c.
and in deciding what part their forces would play in the coUective
defence and combined training arrangements which the Conference
had discussed. Meanwhile they would continue to
maintain forces in the area and to assist the Government of
Malaysia and Singapore in the development of their forces by
means of assistance in training, personnel and defence aid.
Representatives regarded the Conference as having pointed
the way to further co-operation of a practical kind. They
reaffirmed their determination to live in harmony with the
other countries of the region. They believed that their co-operative
efforts in defence arrangements and in promoting economic
and social development contributed to security and stability in
South-East Asia.
The Ministers considered that the present Conference was
only the first of joint Ministerial consultations among them on
the questions arising out of British military withdrawal and on
the larger questions of their continuing interest in the peace and
stability of the area. They felt that their discussions had been
extremely useful and agreed that they would meet again in the
first half of 1969.
COMMUNIQUE of the North Atlantic Council Ministerial
Meeting, with Declaration on mutual and balanced force
reductions.-Reykjavik, 25th Jm1e, 1968
The North Atlantic Council met in Ministerial Session in
Reykjavik on 24 and 25 June, 1968.
2. In reviewing the international scene, Ministers examined the
situation created by the recent measures affecting the access
routes to Berlin.
(a) Ministers stressed again that the Soviet Union is responsible
for any action which has the effect of hampering or endangering
the freedom of communication with Berlin and urged that such
courses of action should be discontinued.
(b) By challenging international agreements and long-standing
practices concerning Berlin, the East German authorities have
created a serious situation. Ministers considered these measures
a deliberate attempt to jeopardise detente, from which Berlin
and its inhabitants must not be excluded.
291

Annex 38
Malaysia Parliamentary Debates (Dewan Rakyat) on
"Malaysia/Singapore Joint Defence", 14 June 1968

TRANSLATION
Extracts from Malaysian Parliamentary Debates on 14 June 1968
MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE JOINT DEFENCE
7. Tuan Aziz bin Ishak [(under S.0.24(2}] asks the Defence Minister
what are the benefits and advantages that can be obtained from the
defence arrangement between Malaysia and the Singapore
Government and why aren't there any efforts made with the Indonesian
Government to have joint defence.
Tuan Haji Abdul Razak: Mr Speaker, as I have explained yesterday as
well as earlier, the defence of Malaysia and Singapore is a matter that
cannot be separated from the geographical viewpoint. Thus, any form
of cooperation that we can create in the field of defence for Malaysia
and Singapore would benefit both countries.
In relation to proposals for defence agreements with other countries
including the Indonesian Government, this is something that we are
prepared to consider. So, as I have said while explaining about defence,
our policy is to be in good relations with all countries and we would like
our relations with all countries, including our relations in the field of
defence, to benefit us. As for Indonesia, after the end of Confrontation,
we have established close ties and recently, after the Prime Minister's
visit, both governments have agreed to conclude a friendship
agreement between the two countries.
1 293 1
1 294 r
Jilid V
No.7
Harl Juma'at
14hb Jun, 1968
PERBAHATHAN
PARLIMEN
DEWAN RA'AYAT YANG KEDUA
PENGGAL KELIMA
PENYATA R.ASMI
KANDONGAN-NYA
JAWAPAN2 MULUT BAGI PERTANYAAN2 [Ruangan
1433]
USUL:
The Delimitation of Parliamentary and State Consti ..
tuencies in the State of Sarawak [Ruangan 1464]
RANG UNDANG2:
The Sabah Ports Authority (Consequential Provisions) Bill
(Ruangan 1477}
The Education (Amendment) Bill (Ruangan 1477]
The Control of Rent (Amendment) Bill [Ruangan 1478)
Rang Undaog2 Perbadanan Padang Golf Subang (Ruangan
1481]
The Customs Duties (Penang) (Indemnity) Bill [Ruangan
1484]
PENANGGOHAN [Ruangan 1490]
Dl-CHl,TAK VHABA1AN CHETAlt ltEILUAAN
OLEtl THOR BENO CHONG. A.M.N., PENCHETAK llERAlAAN
KUALA LUMPUR
1969
Harga: $1
1441 14 JUN 196h 1442
negeri pad a masa itu, dan Kerajaan
kita pun tidak tahu; barangkali juga
dia bermalam di-Pengkalan Tentera
Butterworth di-situ bersama2 dengan
pegawai2 tentera Australia yang berada
di-situ.
Tuan Haji Abu Dakar bin Hamm:
Tuan Yang di-Pertua, soalan tambahan.
Maksud saya bukan bertanya
kapada Tun Abdul Razak, dia tentu
tidak tahu. Saya tahu dia ada di-luar
negeri. Yang saya bertanya ini kapada
Kerajaan, Menteri Pertahanan. Adakah
Menteri Pertahanan sedar bahawa
Duke of Edinburgh ada berrnalam
pada hari itu dan sa-orang Jcneral
daripada Jeneral2 kita ini ada bersama2
pad a malam itu?
Perdana Menteri: Tuan Yang diPertua,
baik-lah saya jawab sebab
pada masa itu, saya menjaga jawatan
Tun Razak. Jadi masa Duke of
Edinburgh hendak datang ka-mari dia
telah beri tahu dia datang dengan
chara private di-dalam perjalanan dia
ka-Australia dan dia tidak mahu apa2
layanan daripada Kerajaan di-sini,
dan dia akan berhenti di-situ untok
mengambil minyak dan sa-lepas 1tu
barangkali dia berhenti sa-malam dan
esok dia berjalan. Sa-takat itu-lah kita
kena mengena dengan dia; lain pada itu
tidak ada langsong.
Tuan Haji Abo Dakar bin Hamm:
Tuan Yang di-Pertua, soalan tambahan.
Dapat-kah Kerajaan menerima
kalau saya memberi kenyataan babawa
saya sendiri melihat sa-orang Jcneral
ada pada hari itu.
Perdana Meoteri: Tuan Yang diPertua,
yang itu saya tidak tahu,
kalau J eneral kita ada barangkali
sahaja dia pergi dengan tidak beri tahu
apa2 kapada kita.
PERTAHANAN DERSAMA
MALA YSIA/SINGAPURA
7. Tuan Aziz bin Ishak [di-bawah S.O.
24 (2)] bertanya kapada Menteri
Pertahanan apa-kah kebaikan2 dan
keuntongan2 yang akan di-perolehi
dengan ada-nya susunan Pertahanan
b~rsama Malaysia dengan Kerajaan
Srngapura dan mengapa-kah tidak ada
usaha2 yang di-jalankan dengan Kerajaan
Indonesia untok mengadakan
pertahanan bersama.
Tun Haji Abdul Razak: Tuan Yang
di-Pertua, saperti saya terangkan samalam
dan dahulu, pertahanan Malaysia
dan Singapura ada-lah satu perkara
yang tidak dapat di-pisahkan dari segi
kedudokan ilmu alam atau geography
kedua2 negeri ini. Oleh yang demikian
sa-barang kerjasama yang kita boleh
dapat adakan dalam lapangan pertahanan
bagi Malaysia dan Singapura
akan memberi keuntongan kapada
dua2 negeri itu.
Berhubong dengan chadangan hendak
membuat perjanjian pertahanan
dengan Kerajaan2 lain termasok Kerajaan
Indonesia, ini perkara kita sedia
hendak menimbangkan. J adi, saperti
telah saya terangkan pada masa memberi
keterangan berkenaan hal pertahanan
ini, dasar kita ia-lah hendak
suka berbaik:2 dengan semua negara
dan kita hendak adakan perhubongan
dengan semva negara termasok juga
hubongan dalam lapangan pertahanan
jika kita fik:irkan ini boleh memberi
faedah kapada kita. Berkenaan dengan
Indonesia, sa-lepas tamat-nya konfrantasi,
kita telah adakan perhubongan
yang rapat dan baharu2 ini salepas
lawatan Yang Teramat Mulia
Tengku Perdana Menteri, kedua2
Kerajaan telah bersetuju hendak mengadakan
satu perjanjian persahabatan
di-antara kedua negara itu.
IMPORTATION OF SINGAPORE
ISSUES OF "STRAITS TIMES" AND
"SUNDAY TIMES" INTO
SARAWAK
8. Tuan Edwin anak Tanglrun asks
the Minister of Home Affairs to
confirm categorically whether or not,
the Singapore issue of the Straits
Times and Sunday Times can be
brought into Sarawak without restriction
by local newsagents or are these
newsagents, in spite of the unreasonable
delay, only permitted to bring in
Malaysian issue, if this is so, to state
what is the reason for the apparent ban.
Menteri Muda Hal Ebwal Dalam
Negeri (Tuan Hamzah bin Dato' Abu
Samah) (dengan izin): The importation
295

Annex 39
"Singapore Orders Six Fast Patrol Boats" in Straits Times
dated 19 June 1968

----,---,-----:----,------····- ___ .,. ___ -- . --····· . ~SINGAPORE' .. . - . .
O)ll)ER,S·
SIX . FAST.
PATROL
'I 'BOATS
. . . . SINGAI'ORE, Tuesday.
SINGAPORE'S, infant nav:y_ will s~on_be,·
given new muscles following the s1gn~ng
of a $30 million.con.tract for the, construc~1on .
of six 110ft. patrol boats today.
· The Permanent· Secre- ~ By
tary . to the Min_istrr ot. . ~·
Interior· and· · Detence, ~M JIT ME_ NG.
Mr. G. E. Bogaars, who· , ..:__ -JUM 19- slgned the agreement
wlth the Vosper Thorny- o{ more than 25 • knot.I '
., croft ·group and 1t.s a.re eX])ectecf to be 'com-: ·
1 local subsidiary, :vesper ·p1eted and delivertd
· · Thornycroft Uhlteers within three and a half
!I Ltd., said: . . . years.
I
•
"With ·the addition or .. The director of
t.hese sophisticated pat- · the Vosper· Thorny- i rol boats,· our -navy will croft group and c_hatr- ·
, be better equipped tr> man or Vosper . Thorny-
I maintain the security of croft Unlteers, Com.: :
l our terrltortar.. waters. rnander C. w. s. Dreyer,·
and to prevent .. any pos- · .. said the first two patro
slble. smuggling; lnfiltra- boats would be built 1n •
' tion .or 1llegal · immigra- . Port~mbuth in . England. ·
I
. tlon." · while the either four
, .boats · would be· . built Most advcinced. early next year at. the .
Asked, if the n~w boats.
would .be used in• · Joint·
. defence operations ' with
the- Royal · · Malaysian
· Navy he said that·'· this
would have:to be -worked
out · by the·, nav·a1 .:· a~-
. "vlsory working groui;,: ·
, · All the ,:six• · boats,
which· are ·diesel-powered .
and capable.of a speeu
firrn's-TanJong Rhu ship- ·
. yard. · .
"They wm be the most
°advanced patrol·. boil.ts
ever- built in Singapore, ·
.and It is hoped that
·neighbouring countries,
real.Ising ·. · · Sklgapore's
· · faciUties · and capabllity .
to build such boats,.· will
place . their orders here."'·
. hr. said ..
· Techniques
, The . iocal shtpyarel
might have to ; increase ·
· Its labour force from 800
tn 1,llOO during the constr
·uction of the patrol
boats. · · . . · ·
Local- boat-builders .are .
to. be .- sent. to. Portsmouth
to take part In .
the construction of the
first two 'craft and to
learn· the latest techniques.
Four Singapore. cadet
· officers are now• unaer.
going training in Aust.ra.-
Ua. . ·.
The patrol boats·.oraered
· by Singapore are
similar to those now
· serving. with -the Peru-:
via.n Navy.
297

Annex 40
Note by Kajapathy A. (First Secretary, Singapore High Commission
in Malaysia) regarding meeting with Hamzah bin Majeed (Assistant
Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia) on 3 Sep 1968

SECRET
l!,lau Pi.su.n,g
. l wu.s cill l }.1.f t,hm; A$#USt.'ill t Se,o..re iury •. !!aehEl RuJlUYJ.l!i
~ l&.J~e~ ( 80:u UL qd, :~'t !$1a.1 Au:etra.Ua, !ftiw'::Zealand) ~M
· GI'. ·the M&laJ"fditin Fo1"1fip lt1nif®V:, thle 'morrun,r ta&a he ~te4
'k. pa.l!la·;ovv a1 meHJIII!~@·: • l 8w14 not U\i3.lt:e1 th.e &ppo1D'W!leut
at 11 ~·15> &Std w.tunl l phottfld tv 0~ ao be ~, not;, in<>
Su.beoq1u1ni'.lz Im.et. hili at &be"n't 4 o'clock th11t evening ..
2.. 5(5 erta.rtMt ott b:, flD(iD,& 2',11) if I luH:W' O't an 111l4U:1.4 c:.,a.llied.
Pwu.a Pi@u« a.nl!i 1 llU:dt'h •Ho". HGi Uun:. ir:f/11'.lt o.n to 11q 'tbat,
tida is !Ill, VWJ' li!Qf 1.Gland 'A'Or'ttl. nothiq at a.ll. tbero 1 ®J "1
UpthouE1!& Ol:t 1 I u.4 'ro'E'. tlu!l paat; 'fps .acatu A ~aper~ . ~
luu1 NU ,1eu flTim.g in 'tb,e, 1alaa4 ~ Tlil' llalegai~s wou.1.4 ~ ~,
like. tao flei.c 1:abm d.ow:m, u ~o• a.m :,emaiblu 1n era.er not w )
provi4t o:,Frmnia'ts 'W1 t:b. •o•,W• ·to talk about ..
. J. h t;Old: •• <tiia't a· 1900 UAiltt • ·UN·tJ' IN1;We:;a,11 thil1: h.J.tu
ot Jolt.•re md 'Uae Br1 t:1ab., ~Gt ~ U.e ••re . eJ.l.01N1d tG iuH the
isl.ant. WJ ra lip~.. !tt:..lMaquma-U,- l.m 1951, tlle ,nx1:ti d
lla4. ataw& tu.t ~N was .120 rp.o~Ua ()f •& sov~~i.gnQ o~
tilt ialq:A which r1$•"- .iA th b&Dd,ti Gf' 1i1M &11"-1 of Jokore.
4. B1i111Mlla ~an tol..4 &Hl ~, ~ •~ 'Mg, a t~• tt-.~1a
1a tu D~ Mel-.,u ot\ thia •'l•ct netatly.. [email protected], m
ad.41 myou, kaunr wlw.t it ifli, i;h(ll1HI! olla»a will lit.rt .i'J1tqi:q \bat
tile P.bi.li 11 1• al.s1 ■1u1 ~ ct llal.6\Tlld• I.D4 ~.ow evm a
liacapm-e is f]Jdq en wlult is afllw•Jl:,. llalquiu
te:rrl.to17.. -
5. I tol4 b.Uil that I ~t. ,... .. the s011~1 on Bl.II a aatt.er
o:t ·ur:·=· ,q. .·. •. lltt -., P@ffl1 se4 et,g&UU Qn-... tell t:ft.a we vma't
'ULe · 4ctlftl oo &ooa aa pu.sd.bJA ... "' .
299

Annex 41
Correspondence concerning Visit of Minister for Communications
(Singapore) to Pulau Pisang in Sep 1971

Our l.ef.
Your lllef.
From
tdEHo
O.C. ................. ·-·····• 1N •
To
TIie Mrl • fw C.•amll end ■--.
Gov..-....nt Ollcas. ··l).:g·· .. ···········
St. • .._, ......... ~-···························· '11 .. a,e '-
1 301
302
X1n1ater
.. vp.s. 'j)~
Re (28), arran&ementa are rea47.
2. PartJ will oonaiBt d 1-
1. Kiniater
2. Parl. Seo.
). Pel'111• Seo.
4• lll (Capt. Ooh)
5. I't.1 (Lian Rook Liaa)
Programme as in pUb. 4 or (26).
J. According to Capt. Gols9 e:z:cept tor the Lightbou.ae crev
and an old resident, Pulau Pi9&D6 ia uninhabited. There 1B
no i111J:1ign.tion or cuatou cbectpcint. on the ieland. Ye
vould ad.rise however, tbat all or us should carry our ll•tricted
ar International paaaporta.
it&• D.S.
8.9.71
\.~) h; '-'A)\.
/gt- ;.,. [>v~l.r I -n._ ~ ~ I - \.o\,J
"t~ C..c&.. ~ :~ ..-- P-t.l ~...,f k-'
... ~ • t..~11' • r.,.,. "'".u. \..,j.._, ~ c...: .. .,
. ~ ... ~ 0,. "'~ ~ •
a~ i~~~(
4) ~ y~,,... ~ -NF t'!A"l.. 1 'w "'1w-.,
(ll. s .(> 1w. ~, i'"j.
:. ~ tut wh .. llu,,f sf./' d ~~ .., Nf'-dc?
I,.,.,_ '!jf VtwJ. S'.~ l..f,--. \II~ 1971
Annex 42
Correspondence from 1972 to 197 4 concerning plans for
land reclamation in sea areas off Pedra Branca

.,
, ;,. .. ,•,:.
DCA/23/72
..... .. I
Director o! Marina
~ .coI..JflDEN r.LAL .. : .- -
, .:- ... ,- ·.• ...
.. ... \ -,.:.
Horsborough Li\ghtbouae ·:'": ·
. .. ,: . .. -~·,\:.. . .
• ,· • ·,. :"".-. ·.; • .. ..J ••
Please be,.adviaec;t that thi.s Department is planning·. ta sit.e an.
air navigational aid - a Very_ high frequencyi Omnidire'ctional ·
~- Radio Range with Distance Measuring Equipment in the. vicini t:,
of the Horebor011gh Lightboua·g; • ... This may reG.uire · iand roclamation
around the Lighthouse. I-rlll be very grateful.it you cu·provide
some information on the folloringa- ·.··
(1)
... ..... ·". ;:.,
the d~pth ~! water with.in i mil~ ~~diua oi the
Lighthouse . ,·~ · . _
th~ building structure detalie o! .'the. ~gh.thou's~,--
. the baf#e and jetty · · _. · · · ·
(2)
, . :
,•,
The information is required to enabie us
re~sible for the YOR/D~E to be installed
or on reclaimed -.~and.
. . .•
to, deter~i~e' ~he.tber· it .is : · ·.,·'
OX!- 'the.'e~sting Li~tl~ouea·
,· ••'.i.. ·.r
,· . ··" . .. . .. '• :.... . ". . . . . . .. : . . - .. . '•
2.. ~t may also be ne·ceaeary to .. install long rug8' iommuniCa~iona· ...
equipme~t in the same loc~tion. 'Any infort:iati~n which 7ou~may .
':ls ab1e to provide to help us in• the feaGibility- istudy:; d.11 be·· :·.• :. -~
much appreciated and .you rill be. advise~. if an~ -~h~~ :l.f ia' ·:··~
deternined that the plans are feasible and cay be proceeded··.w1~b. •-:t .- ··.:, :."<::- ·-~<\~~i . :\ _'.; ,.
J /; II . /!~ t,_/4,, ✓-& ... 4,J
(Cheon5 Pak Chow) ,
Director of Civil Arlation,
Sins;apore.
13th March, 1972.
CPC/lq
;
-..
. ·:. \.. ... :· .. ~ -t. .-:., ,- . .·. -.
.. .' ··
• ·- "=" ........ ;· --~ ...
... .... . '.'
. .,
·. --~ .) .: ~~r· ;~ .-:~- .-· .
. .. : i, .. .• • ... , . ~ -s." .: . :
.. . :.·. .- · . • . .~_:t-, -~ .. :' ... ... ·. . ·:~·• .. -·; . -: </t.:'.": : . '." . . ~ :~:·t~· .. ,. . ·"f,.-.... • •· ..• • -'- .• ·,
CONFIDENT.~ ··.t··::_.' :\'.i. -~ ~:---. -:
.":.: • • • • • • t" • ~ .' • • ••
" .....
;'. f/ ' :. }' ·j~_:.,:.:,i·_;~_:_::_,~_:_ .. ·.:·~--/-_: ·. ·,
,·. . .. .. (·· ~ . ....
0 • I "' I ' :-,:_:_f ... "..:;'_.;.· ..
. ;,-jt.r • ,. .. ,: :·.)'>.};:•: ·,t .. ~ .. /.::
~. • .. :C -, •• : • ' ·, {
~ .. , .. .,, • • ;;·~-=
\i\.:.t;·~;.}J.t·,::~:., ·.··
303
304
'J May 7J
Director (El'l(::ineering Services)
Director (General Services)
Deputy Director (Property) (Attn: Mr /lrmstron~
Senior Civil r.r.gineer (Projects) U ttn: Kr Peter Chia)
F.!"..CI..:..MA'l'ION OF L,'\ND
1 Reference 01.1r meeting yesterday.
2 lt. was agreed that, for the reasons listed out. by D(ES),
the Authority could not agree t,o t.hP. i11st.allation of the VCH/ill·Z
Facility at the designated site at Horsburgh Island. Instead
PSA vou.ld suggest, that. this be put up adjacent t.o the pre sent
jetty. D(E.5) would communicate thie decision.
3 It. was also agreed that PSA shc-J.ld reclaim ae DD1ch land
around Horsburgh Islam as possible. SCE (Projects) 'W0uld arrange
for a hydrographic survey of the area while 1-ir Armstrong or
Property Division will progress this with Comld.ssioner of Lams.
4 It was decided that. as the reclamat.ion and development on
Coney Island has to be def P.rred, ~,\ w1ll uroertake to reclc:.dm -
a the Sisters Islands
b Pu.lau Hantu
·permission for this has already been sought. ',e will also '!)rogress
further the possible reclQmat.ion or Kusuisland and Pulau
Sebarok.
5 SCE will also explore the possibility o: reclaiming
other islands ..atf'shoals in view ot our dredging capability and
capacity at. Regional Dredging Corpo:-ation.
6 Alt.hough the develor.,ment of Coney Islandls being deferred,
DD (P) will nevertheless proceed "'1th the acquisiion of as much
land on the eon~gol coast front~ Coney Island/i\lau Ubin as
possible.
c.QJ~
DritfiTf/ftW,.·.~ ATic)t~S/HIINAG-J-iF.NT :m:{VICF,S)
cc
Files P/7/7; P/7/95(1); P/7/110; P/18/13
National<\., .
. I c.:h, Ves of s·.
zngapore
. ®-90:.,. ~·--
- ,•'•. ·-
' .... .,_: · •.. ~.i:;:::~~{i·. ·-: • • .J : : •.-~ .. 3 ..
,: .•.-··· . . . ~
. . -· .. -~ .. --~.-.: .. .,;:·:··•---:
. .. :.• ..
•,•.- .. ·.. ·_. ~/t.
,_• ;-.
_;_.-
, .. _.!.- = •. .-~: .
H idfo g.rt8 r• }};i¥•//I;:;·'.•
.. -, -.. ·.
·· .. ,.-._:
- - : HYD-ROG;RA_PH·-ic ;~-~-v~~t-~r:r ·HORSBURGH .. -, . -
·- · :_':·.AND RArtLts: LIGHTHOUStS :-:: .. : ·: · . . . . .
·- ·.
- i-_:,- ·. -: ::_. ,.o:~.\:,July: 74· '1:li·a·- c·hat·r~a~/G~~-e~~i:_,.;~naget
:' encjc;i~ed;·~he_the:1(·t~_e_'hyd_r-~cjr.a·ptii_'i: surv~y rtear.: : . _.· .
-: · Horsb.urgt:{.Ligh_thouse ih_. 1fo11n1:1c'tion-·w_it;h po_ssi_t:,le·. ·
. r.eclafu'atfon' tti~fr_e-: iiih'ich'-h):i·a_:b·a.eh:.r.~quibi_d. of ~he_
• : u,r1d_~'.rsf~frj~~'-'. ~.a,~_lJ~t/ _ liEid_\.~:~.~~---.::~~;:~ i'e~:, (?lJ_~{ ·: ... ~sJ -_ so_· ·,. ·
. . ~ : . -_; : ....
--::'.~-tit}d.
... · . ·-·~ ..
·: .. -._.
. ·_. ... _·
. . ~ . .
,.· \'._: · far-:.ae t ·-am -aware·· th-is' .has.:,,:iat,; yet.J>aen .carrioi:1 . -· ·
, · -. _; . . _-:· ·· ... o·ut. I-.:h·ava· in'd°ica'ted: tc{ hfm·_th.at':.· th1 a_:- wii'l' be· dcine· ·. . ,_ ..
--- .. : · :tog1Jther::_111~tti· iha;·,{th:_Joi'n~:_P:laiacca_S-tfai~·a, ~urva·y ·.
. ,•:
:..··.·
·~:·.·:-·---
· · -~h.-~_n. th~L·surv,_ey:\uri_i ~a, :_uiil'l .- be_ ~_p'er.ati~_g. i~ t_hat. :· ·
a·rsa.- _.:·· · _-- _, _._-,,,· .. :·---.- · .> :; .. · ... · ,_._.- ... ··.:· .,: ,_· . '. ··- ...... "/
• • • ~: I • • •
,; .. 2 ; ' .. ·:.:'.°~6~----!6ay .. b"e· a.ii_are•'"tha-t 'in Nov.e11,-bar :'i 9·73, ·._: '_:: .:: : :: -:-_ ': ·__ · ,. ·:
.· .Pirec.t·or·(ES0):;had··e1eked.-that· such··e survoy--b·e·.-···.: ,· .· ....
. -'tarrie1f ·out_:•:, i}:·?a·~-;~- ·if'.-:r-~::~-~:~t~,<' ·::. ·:·.,. ·_ ;,:>·. : . _:; ·:_._·,:•_. ' : .. :~:.,· ~:--c__:',
-·- · · ·(a} ·0aeksd · ror· .detailed· -epoci'f ications. for .. ·._ .. · _-
. . . ., .. the;·earne vid'e>fet_t~r no~:-.H0:·7/2/1·. . . ,·.-.• ·
.-'-·-.. ,'datfiJd 26·_:Nov 73~-:., _, .. ·.·._ ..· .- ..· . .. . . ·. . '• ' . . . ,._ '• '• . . . . . . . . ; ··: ... :·. ·.. . ' ...
· /(b·) ·.'·.\1:~:d;.::i~cijI~--~-~-d \tii:it~th:~-:~J~~~/ ~cul~- ·: . __ _.: : < ., •, · ·-., ·
. ·:b'e.:.t:isrr.f!!_~•:ou.t. ir\ .~bout Ap:r-11_ 1974::illhen ·_-::: _ · :
--- '.~h-~,-:·~ea~~-er .:_c_on.dJtions · w_o~ld _,be:"_ino~e: · ·, .·. _;_ i .
.- :-.su_1t·able:. aiid· · - _ .. : · ·' . :
__ (c) '.-~~'.~d · v~~:b~_i1/i~atructed. tti·-~; t~en' .. · - .
. . : :--A~·st ,_Hydi-ographa:r . .(1}; to ·c10 the needful
. ·. ~at -t-he_: appropriate .-tl111e.: .. - . ,: · ... •. ·. . ,• •-: .
.. · ._A reply _·rrc;'m th~' t~gi~eerinQ ·Dapartm_ent _had'
also be·<Jn r_ecelv_od~- -:·.·
· J .. · :The- Choir~tu1/Ce:~erel: Manager aiso enquired
1μha~her a ·simi~ar. survey near_ Raffles Lighthouse a,hich_.
. had: :been as)<ed- for hacl .been. carri'ed -out.: . _In _reply·
- l have i~rormed:him t~e~ ~lthbu~h'i. a~ not aware or·
-· thi~::ap:ecifiq survey a a~rvey ·sol.ittf of the_ Lighthouse
·'had· beAn carried out: at tho end of the 3rd Joint
·"~l~cc~_Straits S~tvey~
4 Thie· ie for ·you·r inrormation and further
nerieaeery action on both ~atteis •
.. _ -.
R V"TAMftE i.;..J-....•
• •• t
R v·rAHBt.·.
COLOMBO PLAN EXPERT IN HYDROGRAPHY
. :. /: .. -- -
·.": _,
•,• ..
305
306
. . . , .. · .'.
·:·:·,
~ · .... -: . . . . . .
·.~ ·--~-. : ..... i, .• ~ ' _: ..•. :. '·· .. / .• : i
I, • ' • . :- •,
.... •,.
:. ':.
·-· . . .· ... ·: :, . ;.- ·~
:. :_.-
. :-;-· -· . . .·, ..... . . ' -;: . -.
:. ·: , , .. :. ~;., .·. ·"·~· --5/ ·-:}\.;·r.\));<
.-:· -· ::-· ... ·,',. '• .... : ' : ,. . .. : .. _. ·- .
··- ··-:: · .. _
-.·- ·.;, .·.:· ..
.. :- :• .
--.--·_.
-·:·.·
...
. · . 15-- i~l 74.
-; . ·--_: :.
- ... ' . . : - ·=·- .. ·_:: · . :" - . . ,· . ~
..... · .:.:_ ·· .. i.•·te~·ia;'•ciVli'.•'i-~~fo~e;:·cP&p).. ,: ·:.:·
'] '• , o(y(LOPKEj~}it;iiR;s~ua~~•faHT~Qus'{ >·. : < .•• .. ... .
.·. . _.· <· ·. -·. .· :- ::.·i•:O,J·;-,:;:(~/::·::_;;:._:::-::::~:~::::'..;/: , <·:.·:·:.> ... :.:'.\:.·:: ., . :.·' . ····:.> . :, .i .::::·.:. . , .
. .. . ·:· 1:._· '. · ... ' .-: P.le;ese.·· reJer ... _to, 111y 111e.~01:an~u111
. • .. , .- .. _.· :·. E~/~0.,.1/2/~·-,:~~.f{,.~t:.tl/~.ul.(.l-9.74: ar)_~: ou.r ··:· .·. . ..
. .-· .· · · .. · discussion .th-i·s·.efterno·on·~•. · · •·. · _.,.. .. :
.. : • • . •. - : . ··_ -· : . . ~: ..... ·.:::.>-..~ --~---~? -; . '_: -~--. .. . . ·.. '.... ·.: . . : . : . :·:. . .. · -~ .....
. . . :~ : . : . . ~:. . ·.: . ... ~. . . . . •: - . ' . ' . :·. ·. . . . . ... . . : ~. . . ,. . : ·• . . . . . .. .
: :, . · .::. ·. . :: - .: .' 2 >::{ :'.· ....- : .'t -'.·::/~\~·,~,J\~\ne.~i:·.\~.:·--Y.;~:/i.(;:i-a xnip~ssi~i~ .::-::/ _.- ..
· ·::-.. ,.- ... _-., .. '._::.-.,:.: .. t.c;i· !=~.r.ry .. q_ut:;.~(·q~~.ai.l,.ed .... en.g~nee~.ing· .-.e·urvey, of . .. .. . ·
':. ·. .-· ·. · :-:;. .:< --:';_~•:: ·,·the··'·a·rea '. around ·H·orsburgh ··ror. want· of. ade·qu·ete··.· .. ·_ _ - ·.- ': . ·•.• · '. l•·•?t~ 0
. C~(i~ji1oi.<h.:iei>.•·•capy. ;( th•··.· ••. : ·•·• ,·••·· .. · .. ·• . '··• •
. ·. ·:arlt.is.h· Admiralty::·surve·y:-af: 1967• oii a scal°e' :of
. ~~.;
'• ... ~-( ... . . ,:.:.,
.. · .. :··1i1 □ ;000,/.· . .--A1f/discu·ssed·'.the··pos.i.tiori:of:· the···. .,_-
. _•: .·· ... -. ·:ra"cks .·vis~e;v"'ia·::.t:t,·'e.··•i1ghtbouse "will . .-noi-" have·· - .. · .· .. · .. '._-··: ·
... :-'.··. ·. u·nd.ergona_;~nY.•.;che:~ge ·arid·es··.l(IU.ctf.th.i.:i{may,·be·.of.··.· .. . . .- - ...
: .. .. _-.. :,: ·. '. ·:ii'ome··u:~.a.·•::tfr·:':y·oi/_',ro.i\y.6u_r~a.t_l!f\a·ua_n.of.:th~ ... c·ost_·_··. :• .· .:, ...
. :·: :- · .-.. ::• ... :invqiVed. ,of,:;·•the:'qe:vtJloprrient··.envi"se.ged; "'... · - . ... . · ,,.. . •·. :;)~1\~\f .· •· . ·•. · . ·t <' .
. . N · ;{ SATHA.'t"E·>
_. .. HYDROC~APHER, · , Na11u11;1I i-\o"i:h,vc:, ·,.or •Singapore .· ·
:.: :: ... :i .. ~~~;~og~:.A·~~g·~g~~~.RI~¥~~RlTY .
. :cc . . ··.·:······. . : . - ..
. · ·s.nr ·_-civil:'~.n~jin~er' (C.&~1) ~ 11:r. ~im/Bin- Tao
· ·. ;.·. our d_iscuaaion: regarding· .the. erection :of· light bna •
· rin ~h~·Mid~li.R6tk and.South Ledge~~ Copy of the eut~ey
. · is also/an.!=loerid for your. i.nformetion •
. · 01\~'ctbr' (ESD (~ uiith copt ~f ··-~~vey
[?irector··.tA·d111·1n.i.stretion) _ , lliith .: copy of survey •. This
.h~• refar.ence. t(?. our telephone converaation two weeks
age> •.
; r, ., .... , ,·
• ....... r.· . . •·.,.
J
Annex 43
Correspondence concerning Visit of Minister of State for
Communications (Singapore) to Pedra Branca in Sep 197 4

Min Coa PS 479/7-1
l Sept 74
Comaancliag ottioez,
Xa.r1thie ec:.■an4
)(ll])EJ'
(Po:r Col A.e:rf.a)
CONFIDENTIAL
VISIT ~ BOISllJRCJK LIOH'l'JIWSI
Ve apob ~• DO.• 01az, llini■te. o~ State, b Qba1
Chong Y11, Yolllcl lib to Ti■it Honlnlz'l!a L!cbtbOUH,
tentat1Tel7 OD~ 22 Sept 74, clepartiag in the ■o:rniag
and returaing 111 tbe attenaooa o:r eTeniQC• Xini■te:r will
be aoooap&niecl bT a pa:rt7 ot about 5 o:r 6.
2 I ahall oontlm tbe date aD4 till• and. otbe:r cletaila,
later. Xeanvhile, ,rratetlal if' J'Oll will oollf'ina that 7ou.
oan &rr4'.DP t:raneporl to ancl fZ'oll Honburgll. Kind.17 let u
h&Te ■oae tnto:rmatioa aboat the •'barb.tioa point ■ aDll
propoaed. anangeaent ■ ete.
(_
LLUl HOC( LL\.I
tor PEBJIABEJT SiCRI"l'ilT (caownCATIOIS)
CONFIDENTIAL
1 307 1
308
M c/a/ol 5/01
/ 0 September 7 4
PS (ComanmicaUou)
Miniatr., of Co11111mioation ■
City Hall
Singapore 6.
(Attns Mr. Lian Hock Lian)
VISIT TO ll>RSBURGB LI <JH'l'll)tJSI
HQ •ar1t1ae eom.,.
fcglin
Singapore 10
Tel 637744 ltd 2J)l
Retererioea Nin 01:,a PS 479/1-l dated. l ~:.;,t•'ber 74.
Punher to letermoe please, We oonf1:ma that BSS
Justice will be 1t1ailable to tranapori your lliniater of
State and Part7 of 6 to HDnburp Lighthouee on 22 Sept•ber
74.
2. It ia suggested. that the Pari7 embark one of our
launches at Jardine Step ■ and then acwe to Pulau Brmi vhere
they will embark on RS:I JuaUoe. i'he ship will avait tbe
departure of the Party tro11 the Light.bou■e. .a■ you are
aware, it vill be neoeeaa17 tor tbe Pon laster to provide
a ferey 'boat at ti. Light.house •• the ship ia unable to get
alongside. It you need tJ1JY other arrangements ace, kindl7
oonta0t me.
3. Please forward contlrmed. date Sid time soonest an4
whether lunch need be provi,ed by the ship tor the Par1;T.
Copy to:
Head OS Dept
Staff Ope Officer - We spoke.
3ead Loge Dept
(X)?f PID:rH'l'I AL
CONFIDENTIAL
Jlla Coa PS 47'/l-l
13 Sep 74
Comlll&Dd.llag ottiOU'
Md'iUae Co.118114
MI!f:JF.r
(aUDI LIJIC Jam•• Aaia)
VI3I'l' TO HOBSIOJIOB LJO!l'l'llrQSB
Thank JO" t~ JOUZ alJmle dat.-1 10 Sep 74•
2 !'hie 1a to oontll'II tlae Yiait ot OIIJ" JU.Aia1.er ot
State to Bonbarp LJcbUKlllM Oil 22 S.p .,.. t'ta. lliaia\er
will be &Hoepu!-4 - & ~ ot '• Coul4 7Gll k1ndl7
arrance tor a la&IIIClla to 0011~ \N •1a1a,ui an4 lala pan,
le~Yia« .Jardiu Slepe •I 0,00 hOlll'e OIi 22 S.. 14- tw
~ will depart floca Jlorawrp LiablJ.Ol&N at about 15()0
bo\U'tl or •arU•Z'•
RI
I 11ov.lcl be ~t•t'ul it JOI& OOl.&14 ar~• • •1Dple
tor \be parv.
tor Pl::Ji~~ST 3ECRrT.Ut
( C~lH11U~TlfJBS)
oo Pon Kuter ( C.,t Gola Clloo Keac)
'l'he Coaandlllg Ol'riou-, MariU•• Ooe•a4 bu
adv1Md that it vlll l,e neoeeaary tor lh• Part Kuter
to proT1cle a torq boat at Hon~ Liptlliciuee.,.
th• ab1p ooa.Te71.Qg tbe 111n1eter uJ. Ilia PAZ'Vt ass
J'lletio., 1a W1Able to gel aloageiclh Coulcl 7ou ldncll7
oootinl ib&t ibe DeNN&Z7 &l'ftllpftDt lflDll14 be llll4e
at ~ouz end.
oo D1reo1.or (Adata.lelr..11•), PU
(Mr Yioeal Lal)
CONFIDENTIAL
309
310
CONF\OENTIAL..
PH/'8.001
16 Sept 74
P S (Comma)
Attn Hr Richard Lau
VISIT TO HORSBURGH LIGHTHOUSE
1 Please refer to your "in Co■ PS 479/7•1 dated ll Sept 74
addraHad to the Com11anding Dtricer, "•ritltte Co11 ■end an·d copied
to me.
2 I will be leaving ror Horaburgh Lighthouee on the afternoon
or 21 Sept 74 to finalise arrenge■ anta ror receiving the Hinietar
and hi• party. Th• dinghy at the Lighthauae.will be ue•d to f•rry
the Hinister and hie party rrom the RSS Juatice to the Lighthouae
pier.
KENG
STER
SINGAPORE AUTHORITY
cc
Com ■ anding orricar
Haritime Command - Attn LTC le••• Aerie
Deputy Director (Administration), PSA
CONFIDENTIAL
~-
. ~ Q-1 ,,\'\
Kinieter ot State J ·
PS ~_:ft-I ~-- _.'l,...,..,t.,t.....,, _ ._
\ • 11 J , .
v1srr TO HORmROB LIOH'l'BCUSB
VUh reterenoe to (50) •ncl (51) 1 all u-raagemeate
tM&ve beea oontll'lled. Detail• a• brien1 •• tollov• •-
• Depart trom Jardine Step• •t 0900 bra
oa 22 Sep 74 b7 law1oh1
b Tr.neter troa launoh to ass J'uatice
at Pl.la.la ltranif
o .lrrinl at llorabur4rh Lighthouae and
tranater to Li4hthouae 'b¥ LS&hthCM.lae
boat1
cl Depart trom Houburgh J.1chthou.ae at
a'bou.t 1500 bn.
2 •~ Vong Loke Kiaag or Xar1t1me Cou1111cl will ■eet
the Kiniater and hie part7 at Jardin• Step• ud. will be
with the Part:,- throughout the tour. Maritime Command
will al ao proTide one oook ud too4. Dl ( Capt Ooh Choo
JCeng) will meet the Part7 on their arri'Yal at the Li«htbouae.
A L1ghtlne ot'tioer will 'be tat the Li4hthou .. to
explain the hiatOJ'7 ot Horabur4rh Lighthouae.
3 Ae regard& the proposed villi t b7 Jfr SeMb ICah Hui1
Xiaieter or State tor La'bouJ' and hie Pt&rl7 to Ratfie•
Li{:htbouae on 20 Oct 741 PSA. will oontira arrangement• in
a dq or two.
311

Annex 44
Letter from Lai V. (Acting Deputy Director, Port of Singapore
Authority) and Goh C. K. (Director of Marine) to
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Communications
dated 20 Nov 1974

~ PDR:i: ar SINCAPDR~ AUTHORITY
Vlalaa:S/6.079
'1& Nov 74
Par■ enent Secr ■ tery (Co■•unicetlon1)
Attn 1 "r Richard Leu
RE:PORT or THE SINCAPDRE DELEGATION TO-THC 3RD UN cDNrERtNCE:
ON TH[ LAW or. TH£ SEA H[LO IN CARACAS"rRDN 20 JUN£ TO 2, AUGUST 1,
I
1 A• r1que1ted vid• y·a.,r "in con} ~•c ,i 31/2, ... 00, det ■d
21 Oct 74 th ■ Director or Harin ■ end I hove the fol1ow1ng cOltllant ■
to arr ■ r on the ebave dr11rt r ■port ■ 1th particular rtfer ■nce to th•
work or the 2nd end )rd Coa•itt••• end para 41.
RC I Pare• 20 pnd 21 , T1rr_1,,,1,1 §1.a .
·. Sine ■ it ■pp•~• that th ■ 12- ■11• territorial .• ,_. -l1•1t•
would in all· l1k ■ l1hood cDil ■- ta -b-■ acc'ep't■ d-it 11· 1 ■p~rat.lv,e· ·1n.
our intar ■■ t ■ to pravid ■ far ace ■■■ h■t ■■ ilrl _the high •••• ■ nd _ ·
Singapore.. Thu ■ th ■ propo11d _.ini■ rtion or the article 2.2 or L JJ
ia or vital i ■ portenc ■ end it la.felt that thi ■ ahauld-b ■ inai ■ t ■ d
upon. ln thia r1cp1ct, it 11 noted .that th.la article woulcl be to·
· "alayaia'• inter•at einc ■ ~cc••• by••• tra• the we ■~ coa ■ t·ar
Waat Malayaia to the ■ aat_cooet or We ■ t Maleyeia and Ea ■ t Nalar•l•
le via the Singapore Str_ait•.• . -.
The drert prapa■ al .(L 3J) contain ■ pointe covered ·by
article• l to 9 and lJ only or the ex1at1ng Canev ■ Convention 1958.
lhera -la no mention or article 10 which hae e1gn1f icance ta ua in
view of our laland territory at Horaburgh-lighttioua■ and th ■
territorial ■■a ■hich it will b ■ -entitled ta.·
Ra r Pare 22 r Coqt!qupu• Zent
Sine ■ the territorial a ■ a •ould b ■ ■ xtend ■ d ta 12 ■ ila ■
we mu ■ t r ■ ei ■ t any ■ ova to ■■ tabliah a cantlguDU ■ zone beyond th ■
12 ~ila limit ea thia could atr ■ct our ehipplng and ti ■ hing
interest ■ if Halay1ie or Indona■ i ■ w ■r ■ ta invoke the provi ■o ■ or
article 24(l)(a) and (b) or th ■ Geneva Conv ■ntian an Territorial
Sae• end Ccntiguaua Zona 195 ••
National Archives of Si ngoporc:
313
314
, i .• - l
2
Rs• faro 2, ta 25 • fitrp1t1 u, ■ d_ 'at lo\1roat1qna1 Hay!gat&Rn
Thia ia■ua ia vital te tha acon•io ■all --■int et lingap ■re
and thu ■ •• ah ■uld vigerev ■ ly PUl'MI ■ the •i•• ., ..•• ,.,1ift1 _., ..
auch ltreit ■ a _ ■p ■oial ■ t ■ tu ■ liftd te lib■teUe• the tan■ rel■ t1n1
to it ■ Y ■■ rar navi~ation.
Th ■ r ■ ror ■ .th■ propo1al ar th• UK (LJ).to include a •IP•rate
cheiptir- to oov ■ r ouch Strait ■ ■hDuld be ■uppartad.. lri rag;:rd t:,
peaaag ■ r,f ■ arahipa and overflight ■ wit pr ■■ um■ that MlNOtr'• and
Director (Civil Aviation)' ■ vi••• ■111 ~av, alraady bean ■ought~
Rt I Para 27 a Contin;mtal JllJlr
Sine ■ our g ■n ■rel ■ tend i ■ that th ■ larg ■ at poa■ ibla pa1t of
tha·world'• ••ea should be available rar th ■ benefit ■ r 11ankind,
- the concept ■ r th ■ ■cono111ic zonli extending up th■ conti,ntntal ahalt
i ■ incon ■ i ■ t ■ nt.
R ■ • Paras 28 6 29 I Ecan9eic Zone
l■cau1a ar our g ■o~raphioal •ttuation,th~r• 1• n• pa ■eib111t~
r,f our getting an Economic -Zona ■xcept to. ■ U!"!..i.t ■d ■ xt ■nt at" Har■•
burgh Lighthauee. We ahould tha•efore purauu our ■ tandthat GD·Stat••
should hav ■ equal right ar ■ xp'tolt.a'1.Dn at th ■ livit1g and n■n•llving
ra ■ aurca~ i~ the Econo~ic Zan ■ or neighbouring ■ tat■■• ·
Bl Pera ,o to ,4·1 Atchip1lagp•• pnd 1,1,ag,
Together with atraight ·baaalinaa the archipelago theitr,.y
propounded by Indoneaia, Philippln ■ a, ■ tc, will conv ■ rt_'" vary large
are~which ware high aa~ ■ -haratafor• lnta the •1ntarna1• ••t•~• ~r ·
a vary few atataa. Thia will ·••riou ■ ly imped ■ rra ■ dom of
.navigation a~d-raduc ■ the e ■ a ar ■ aa availabl•· for th ■ benefit at
m&nkind. We agree that tha Strait ■ laaua ■hould nat be v1a••d in
isolet"icn from that or .the paa ■ aga through archipelagic ■ at ■ r ■•
We era also in agraamant with our d ■ l ■ gat■ a' ateta~ent or
1,th August 1974 regarding -every ialend having it ■ own tcana■ic
Zona. Hcwavar if the Final Convention edopt1 th ■ conc ■pt that
every island be allowed to claim a b•lt or economic zan ■ than w•
should similarly ehka our cleira for Hor'aburgh.
,rd Committ ■ a "
61 , Pera :n ta 11 • Ppllw.,~lon
From t~a point or ma~ina pollution and it ■ ■ conDtlliC
implication on th ■ R,public wa fully·aupport the vi•w that
international etander•• should a ■ rv ■ th ■ baei ■ or national atandard ■
in so far ea tha aconDfllic zon ■ ia concerned far the canv ■nianc ■ ·of
N at.io ria I ,A .rchi~es of Singapore
in tarnationa l ■hipping. 1 r th ■ r ■ ia- no· uni farm ■ tan dard 1 t 1·•
practically ·1mpo ■ aible rar ahlpo.n ■ ra to op•~ot ■ th1ir ·1hip ■ ••
J
they 111111 find it difrt1.ult t• comply •1th th ■ verioue \achnlcal
requir ■ m ■ nta or all th ■ ·ceuntriia. Another n ■ t ■ ffDrthy point 1• that
our m,roha~t fl~et 11 ra ■ t expanding by virtue af our open _rigiet1y
ay ■ tem and th ■ reror ■ 111■ ahould ■n,ur ■ that ahipe, flying our· flag: .
ilill r.at be hemp ■ rad by th ■ vagari ■■ of ot,h■ r- enforcing aountr1•~• _ .
It 11 relevant to nota that, th• fl: ■ t m ■ ating or th ■ ·_ASEA_N EX,[IIT,-·: ... ··
CROUP .., Marin ■ ?ollutJ.e!I h ■ ld in i1anila in. r ■ br-uary· 1974 hed ag,:nd- ·
in priricipl;;a' ta adipt int ■rn ■ Uon ■ l ■tandard■ on 11et\■r■ r ■ lliting·: '-•--
marina pollution. ·
In th ■ ca ■■ of ■nforc•ent •• endar1 ■ th■ vie• ■ xpr ■■■-■d -
by· tha marit1111• atat ■■ ea sn■nUan ■ d in pace ,taif1) · at th ■ r ■port~
If tt, ■ Port Staha ■■ r ■ to· uad ■itak ■ th.• r ■ apanaib111ty thia •auld
not b■ to ~ingl!lpor ■ •-• ehipplng and _ aconoalc · int■r ■■ t• ·•• 1 t will .- · .. •
1,walva _ach!llnietratlve burd ■ n and th ■ poaeibil,ty or_ ortencfin.l; _ ■hip•
bypa ■■ing Singapora ta avoid legal action. lnt ■ rnatlanal etan'dard1
should b ■ ••d• mandatory for veaa ■ le on intarnl!ltlonal voyagea-and
anforcamant Juri ■ diction ■ hould r ■ at 1111th th ■ flaQ ■ tat ■•
Tha qua ■ Ua-n or dumping at e•• in rel a t.\o V\. "<. o -\-ha t'utur ■
economic zon ■ ••hr ■ or our neighbour ■- 1 ■ at con ■1a&ta:t1 eignlfioanoe
to u,. The diapoaal or we ■ t ■ a frDIII hu■an, animal (~~rticul•rly
pig ■) and lndu ■ hial ■ourc ■ a ·can b ■ 1xp ■ctad ta bhca■■ a prabl■• or
eub•~antil!ll proportion ■ bacauae·or inaurrtoiant lund die;,o■ al ■ r ■ aa
in Singapor11. W ■ l!ll' ■ giv ■n to und ■ ratand that •• par ■■.ti ■at ■■- or
co,u~ul.tl!lnta .- ■ngagad by Hini ■ try of Env1r·onr111nt (M/e Lau· Do.nl ■ ). the
quantum of pig •oat ■ ia lik1ly to l!IMount to ,,ooo t ■n ■ par· day ar\ ■ r
10 to 15 year ■ •
Th ■ rl!l-ia no qu ■ atian or dumping auch larg ■ quantity af
•••tea in our vary confi~ ■ d ■ l!lt ■ r ■• Ir they ar ■ to be du-, ■ d outeida o~
our n1ighbour11 ·· t ■ rritorlal wAt ■ re than the waeta ■ ~ould have· to ba
transported sam ■ 50 to 60 Mil ■■ from Sin;aporit. Should our neighbour ■
abJact· to the du1aping in their Econesllia Zani- th ■ ■aatea will hav ■ to
b ■ treneported 500 ta 600 111111 ■ away - a totally un ■aanuic prapa ■ itlen.
Thua -111han th ■ quution or dumping ie reia ■ d at th ■ next aont ■ l'enc ■
our delegate• should H.r■ gul!lrcf our int ■ r·■ at· in thi ■ 11atter. · We
■ugga ■ t that our dal ■ gat ■ a ■ hould ba bri ■ fad by our M1n1atry ar
Environment rag■ rding th ■ prop1rti ■■ and ■ rract ■ or du ■ ping tha wa•t••
at aaa ao 1!19 to anl!lbl ■ th ■m ta pr ■■ ant our ca ■■ mar• convincin'illY et
thaln~~t conr ■ ranca. t~-
VINCtNT LAI
._AC DY OIRtCTOR (ADHINlSTRATI ON)
PORT Or SINGAPORE AUTHORITY
cc
Port Hl!later
-,
Na1ic,mil ;\rlhivc"i uI-,s i ngap or·t :
315

Annex 45
Letter from Ravendran T. ( on behalf of Controller of Navigational
Aids) to Director Engineering Services Division, Port of Singapore
Authority dated 19 June 1975

PORI' OF SINGAPORE AtmlORrn'
Manoranduln
ES/HD/NAS 7/74
19 Jwi 75
DIREC'IOR
ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION
INJURJ' TO CONTRAC'roR ~
AT HORSBURGH LIGRDiOUSE
1 1'h:la section receiftd an anergency cal.l over
tbe VHF ••t trca Horaburgb Ligbtbouae at J.45 pn yesterday.
"Dle mesaage waa that one P Omar, a worker f'ram the
Contractor ti.rm o~ Uni-Harle working on the installation
or nav generatora at llorabu:rgh Ligbthouae, had his toe
RaahAd and vu bleeding protueely am. al•o t'eeling giddy.
It waa alao e•tabliabed onr the VHF eat that the Contractors
bad no one in their Head Ottice in Singapore to make the
naceaaary arrangement• u apparently the boa ■ o1' the t'irm
and bi.a employee• vere all at Horaburgh Ligbthouae.
2 Mr J'rancia Yip, Deputy HydroBl"llpber, then proceeded
to ar:nulg8 vith the Operatiana Room ot' Pu1au Bran:l Naval
Bue t'or a naval patrol craft •Sovereignty' vbich was
patrolling in the vicinity of Horabm·gh Listbhouae, to
traneport the injured man back to Singapore. Hor.burgh
Liptbouae va■ in1'onned of the arransea,ent at 4.4o pm
and told to standby accordingly.
J Xn the meantime at ,.10 pu, the undera:l.ped contac~
the Fire Brigade to arrange t'or an ambulance to wait at
the \Jae Jetty (t'oraerly Minde1' Pier) at Bedok f'rorll 6.00 pm
onvarda. 1hia IIIOftling, it vaa learnt froaa the Operati0!\9
Room of PUl.au Bran1 Naval Bue that there vaa no -bul.ance
on ■tandby when the 'Sovereignty' reacb&d the tJfllC Jetty
at 6.20 pna ye■terday evening. Nevertholea■, the navy
peraonnel arranged -ror one ~ ·their nd.litary' 11111bul.ance■ to
tran.port the patient to a boapital. On checking vith the
Fire lrigade this momJ.ng, they canfiraed that their
ambulance vu at the Jetty at 6.02 pa and let't at 6.10 pg
at'ter t'1nding no ■ ign ~ a naval boat at the Jetty. 'Ibey
stated tt.t they could net ■pend too much time at one
particular ■pot aa they had other caaea to attend to.
317
1 a1a 1
4 Far your in1'anat1on pleue.
rOOfr.fftOLlLER OF NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
OMAL ilDS SECTION
lffl~~PHIC IEP.lR1Kaff
I
.·, l ' •. :~--.- : ;':.i•:
1
1 v '\t I . :ar.tary (Mllinie~~r:n) <i==CI
Senior Electrical Engineer - Attn Mr Chang Pai Lung
Hydrographer
/np
2
Annex 46
Letter from Sathaye N. N. (Hydrographer, Port of Singapore
Authority) to Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Communications
dated 28 Aug 1975

ES/HD/N.AS 7/74
28 Aug 75
Permew"1ent Secretary
Mini.at:-; 0~ Ca=u.'1!=. ticr.s
-~J Mr Richard Lau
HORSIIJRGH LIGHIP.O~
1 I encloae b.erein a brief' note on the Horsbvr-d}
Ligbt:houae and aoroe photographs of the oeme. Th.e pc;11itian
or the llgh~~e !!! ind!.~ t:c,,d on Br\ Chart 24oJ vhich is
alao enoloeed.
2 . - ~}' ~h_"'"!? th~ $.rt, @n(1 the rm,c;,t~phs a.ftor
the ;,eruaa1 ot tho Senior Minister of' Sbte.
·ac··
NacionaJ Archives of Singapore
319
320
Horaburgb LiP,hthouae
Borburgb Ligbthouae is situated in Lat. 1° 19' 49• N,
Long. 104 24 1 27• E at an approxi.m&te du tan.co ot J.5 n.e.utical
ad.lea f'rca Singapore. It ia an important naviptioruu. 'aid at
the eutern end of the Singapore Strait.a. It ia built en rock
outcrop which measures eaae 1,000 sq,, metres at mean Sea level.
Accord.in« to internationally acceptod definition it ie an •Ialand•
a.a ita elevation even without the Ligbtbw.ao Stt,lQture is above
Hisb Water L6-Vel. "lhe lllllin Shipping Channel knavn aa Middle
Channel lies northward of Horaburgil Lighthouae.
SGuthvard ot Ho~burgb liea the Indone1ian ul.and ox ~u ·
Bintan · aud the ·near"8t point ot :i:...""!doneaian• bue line ii ao=e six
nautical aile■ from lJ.ore~. ve,,t-nortb,..vestvard ot. Bon~
lies the aoutheaateni ed89 ot Johore meiJiJ&Dd and neareat po1.nt ot
KalayaLm base lir.e ia aleo 1,:oout au nautic miles. Being an :Ialand,
Horabur,Jh ·!:la.a itca oWA terrltcrial s~. Territorial vatora in ita
vicinity have :iot yet been aueed upon bet-nen Indone11ia, tla:layai.:1
:_•and Singapore. Pri.nicple ot aed.i.an l.ine ¥ill be Bpplie-j ·in delineating
tUTi~il va ten a.rcund Ro-ral'UI'~ ·
'.~ - -•'. . '' - :, ,, .. ·: 1··; _.' . '; ':_. . -' ' ' . ' '
'!he lights h.,_,sity ot the op~o;. *t.h ia or the lith OrdOT
National Archives of Singapore
Single fiuh1ng revolving 1411:a type, is about 449,000 candle power.
The poYff' to opere.te the light ia provided by ~• ? .5 1:VJ.. generatora
vhi.cb have been recently incraaaed ~ 25 KVA in connection vith the
upgrading of the radio beacon equipment. The uae1'u.l range of the
pre a en t Marconi radio heacon i• about. 1 '-' td.l e e • 'Ihe nev radio beacon
vi.11 be ued tor both aero_ and eea navigation. In addition to the above,
the genwra:tore -.. .-upply p:,ve.T f"or all d~etic purpoeea at the lighthouJie
e.g. lieh'ting, f"reezer etc •• , ••••
National Archives of Singapore

Annex 47
"Royal Navy says goodbye to Singapore" in Times of London
dated 25 Sep 1975

THE TIMES TffiJRSDAY SEPTEMBER 25 1975
,Royal Navy
1says .
/goodbye to
Singapore
By Henry Stanhope
Defeoce Correspondent
The fri~.ite Mermaid steamed
ceremoniously out of Singapore
yesterday, ending a permanent
Brituh naval presence there
which had ]as,ed for a century
and a balf.
Heoceforth the only Royal
Navy vessels to be seen in
SingaJN>re will belong to task
groups dispatched on periodic
vo_yages as part of the Navy's
group l!eploymcnt programmes.
The Mermaid was originally
ordered by President Nkrumah
for the Ghanaian Navy under
the name of Black Star, to aet
a.s presidential yacht and flagship.
Ct "·as taken over by the
Royal Navy when the Ghanaian
Government which deposed Dr
Nkrumah in 1966 cancelled the
ord~r.
Yesterday the frigate sailed
l into the sunset to the sound
of 1he piries ,ind drums uf the
1st battalion the Gordon High•
landers, bound for a fin.ii farewl'II
tour of the region
The Gordon Highlanders
I rhtmselves are in the process
of leaving Singapore, under the
·,vithdrilw.:I pfans aru,ounced by
the Government in rhe defence
revieK RAF Nimrod maritime
parrol itircrafr have departed,
and the few remaining helicopters
1·.-:JI go soon. By next
.\-l.irc!1 rh~ r~st Bri1ish serviceman
should have left.
-·---·-----
323

Annex 48
Letter from Ravendran T. ( on behalf of Controller of Navigational
Aids) to Hydrographer, Port of Singapore Authority
dated 4 Nov 1975

CONFlDENTIAl
lO~T or :.. IN,i:i\.FOR:i: J.UTJ50iltTT
KD40H:JfDUK
"i-INGAro~E KITA" CREW AT HON:!.iBUnOH LIGH'l'HOUa&
1 ~lerton Lightbou• received :t -~ fNII
Horsburgh a-t 16oo honre oa 3.11.7.5 that It c.-.. -'Dern
or th• abo.-e fis.hi.D8 tnt.wle~ l:mdod at Hora~r;-.h 1n a
eaall boat After their trn•l~r h~.d ap):nNlltly been
conCiscated by Indoaeaμn Nal';" ~ .. -.. tt. Jfo!"abau,dl
eontacted i'ort ~rAti.011.tJ who in tlll"D rela7ed th•
measogt, to the M11riU.e Conr..r,nd who sub6eq1&e1ltl.J, ant.
their "r..11 Dragoa .. t.o llorabw-gJi. 'I1ie h~a Dragoa"
reached 'Borebu.r~b at. 17'() houra ~ took the It 0 ;:i.ngapore
Ki.ta" ere• me•bera •ck to 81npp0n •
cc
rort K.:&ster p /J
L~ Dy Direct.or (~ l 'ft 1
P.rNaeDt S.Crot.ary (ConemicaU.0-)
C ·-) r·. i '= - ; Q· ::- t\ l T I n 1 I ' • • ' • • ' - I ,~- \ '• •• ~. • , .. _ .• C. .. ~ ...
325
,,

Annex 49
Correspondence concerning Visit of Senior Minister of State for
Communications (Singapore) to Pedra Branca in May 1976

vr.:ar 1.:- ilORSBU:tall LIOH'l'HOUSB
I indioated to Direotor ot Karine/Port Muter, Capt Ooh Qioo
Keng last vee)c that 3enior Jiliniater ot State and a pariy- ms,y wish to
visit Horsburgh Lighthouse and also take iD soma tiahing there.
Ca.pt Goh advised that the moat suitable ti.119 to visit Horeburp
Lighthouse would be this aonth aa the southw ■t monaooll would aet iD
some time next month (June). 'l'he preferred datea tor fishing would
be 8 and 22 J.l&y {both date ■ being Saturdqe) - oonditiona tor
fiehlng would be ideal on these 2 ~tee, with a halt' ::::ioon.
2 '1'o get "to Horsburgh Lighthouse eithe-:- a suitable PSl launch
er Singapore 1-~a,ey vessel oould be used. In ~1th~.- oaae, the prop,r
security arrangements would.,ot oouree, be Mde. The t'ol"lller MWater
or State tor Coamunioationa, Mr ~ Qiong Yii vieited. Borabursti
Lig!lthouse in the ass JUSTICE. 'lbe diaadvanta.p ot using a Singapore
Navy veeoel ia that the veaael would have to anohor ott llorabarp
Lighthouse and landing on Horaburp Lishtbouae lf0uld have to be via
a ferry boat. If a PSA launoh i ■ used. to go to Horaburp, the 8&118
veesel would be suitable tor tillhing at Horaburp.
3 Due to limited ac001111110dation at Horaburgh Lighthouse, a partyof
4 or 5 inclusive of Senior Minister ot State would be ideal.
4 Could Senior ?iJ.niater of State k1mly indicate the preferred
arrangements, following which the neoealJ&l7 arranpmenta woulc! be
made and a progra,me d.ravn up tor Senior ki.niater ot state••
ooneideration. The departure ti.M could be lmmediatel,y at'ter office
hours {on Sat~) from Jardine ~tepe, the voyage time being
approxima:tely- 3 hours. ilternati9aly the YOJ'&P oould be reduoed byan
hour Oollllll8noing from C!iangi S'lrlllllling Club - there are ad.equate
parking arranger:iants at the Club.
5 Attached herewith ie a JNblioatiOJl on Horabargtl Lighthouse
by the foraer Director ot Narine, Capt J J. L PariH 'ld1ich Senior
f.inistar ot State ma;y 'lfish to retain.
'~
D5 (AMP
3 V.a,,y 76
Submitted, please.
327
1 32a 1
SeaN'-r., (~el Mi•)• Pa
a..w~
~ Di.Ncnor, (l!arl PftaoU.oa), PS&
iCmmeth Seu
The Sonior P.iA1ater ~ State f'ola Ca · m!at!ea Jllll>P ■ 91
to viai.t !IoralT.ll';ti u.,&tbwae Oil 22 aml. 2l -..,. 76. 1 --14
~i&te u- t.:io Aad:bor\V CXR1ld mm dza ~ ~ tM
vi»it 1noludin. a:cGU'lVe tl'llftl a4 Maa ■ 5 ldt• ......_u
and Pit 1aP a c1nft r=$ , for oamdAel"atiaa. !!le Senior
~er of siaw tor Qiw•,,1--u ... ua .,_. to Pat • .._.
Oil \he viait - Pon &utw la l"eq\llteW to 1lnd' B■ KY...,
(S,pgu~ Atioe) U!4 Md Dlft,top (Pori PromUan) cm tbe llllhu.
:' LAU
tor ~ 'fi:IT SEC!li."'l'All
( OJJ.l1;1iICl.'?IOllS)
DRAFT
PROGRAMME POJl SENI0ll HINISTBll or STATE (C<ltMIJNICAnORS),
MR ONG TENG CBEONG'S VISIT TO HORSBUJlGll LIGBTBOUSE
SATURDAY 1 22 HAY 76
1400 hours Em Jardine Steps by PSA Launch GP (381-38S).
1410 hours - ETA HINDU Landing J1ier at Pulau Brani.
1420 hours
1430 hours
1545 hours
1600 hours
SUNDAY, 23 KAY 76
1400 hours
1415 hours
1430 hours
154S hours
1555 hours
Board RSN Missile Gun Boat (MGB).
Em Pulau Brani for Horsburgh Lighthouse,
ETA off Horsburgh Lighthouse for rendezvous
with PSA Launch 'SBEATHBD.L' and transfer to
saae (MGB acts independently).
ETA of 'SBEATBBILL' off Lighthouse Jetty and
transfer to outboard motor boat.
{'SBEATHBD.L1 anchors off Horsburgh Lighthouse
for the night for the use of the Senior Minister
of State (Co111DUnications)).
ETD Horsburgh Lighthouse by outboard motor boat
to 'SHEATHBILL' •
Transfer from outboard motor boat to 1SBEATHBILL',
Transfer from 'SHEATBBILL' to MGB for Pulau Brani.
ETA Pulau Brani and board PSA Launch GP (381-38S)
for Jardine Steps,
ETA Jardine Steps.
--oOo-
329
330
S/9.012
12 May ]ti
PS (C0D1DUnications)
(Attn: Mr Richard Lau)
CONFIDENTIAL
VISIT TO HORSBURGH LIGHTHOUSE
1 I refer to yo•Jr minute Min Com PS 479/7-1 dated 5 Play 76.
2 As requested, I forward a Draft Progrmmne for the visit of the
Senior Minister of State {Communications) to Horsburgh Lighthouse on
22 and 23 May 76 for your consideration,
3 During the stay of the Senior Minister of State at Horsburgh
Lighthouse, a RSN Missile Cun Boat {MGB) will be in the vicinity of
the Lighthouse. In addition, a RSN Conmunications llating will be
stationed at Horsburgh Lighthouse with a portable radio set to
facilitate cOJ11DUnicationa betveen Horsburgh Lighthouse and the MGB.
PSA Launch 'SHEATHBILL' will also be equipped with c011111Unication
facilities so as to maintain direct contact with Horsburgh Lighthouse.
Security at Jardine Steps for the departure and the return of the
Senior Minister of State vill be provided by the PSA Police.
4 Arrangements have been made for accoDIUOdation and provision
of meals for the Senior Minister of State and his party during the
period of their stay at Horsburgh Lighthouse. The Port Master, PSA,
will brief you on the matter.
5 I should be grateful if you could let me know whether the
Draft Programme is in order to enable me to finalise the arrangements
for the visit. If you wish to seek clarification on any matter, please
do not hesitate to let me know •
J), ;,-,,,· .,, ,., ,,-i->-j-V, r . :?"
CHAS W
SECRETARY (SPECIAL DUTIES)
PORT OF SINGAPORE AUTHORITY
cc
Port Master, PSA
Asst Director (Port Promotion), PSA
OC PSA Police
Public Relations Officer, PSA
CONFtDENTIAL
Lt Col Ihoo Eng Azl
Conmand.el"
Bepulio ~ Slngapora JluJ'
IU.n.latry ot Dll.tenoe
?'engttA
3lnppore 10
The Snior IUA1nar ot State tor ON1 11-·u- haa
reqaated • to i.:qw..1• hJ.a appnota.tioa to YOII aa4 to rn,r
offloara tor wHng \be thuoqb anl ooarieou ~au
tor hi• Tisi 1 w ~ Ll&bthoul • 22-23 ..,. 76.
Collld. you k1ncU7 alJIO w-:, to '\be Cwnend1nc Ottloer ot
ass SOO.l!PIOB, Lt L1a lboGll Book ml hia OttioeN th• Senior
1Unlstar ot Sta1• • • .;,p: •datl-.
YoU1'11
RIClWID\LA.tJ
tor~lT SECKE."UKr
( OOMJWNICll'IOBS)
331

Annex 50
Report from Singapore Police Force
concerning Arrest of 3 Indonesians by Singapore Navy Vessel
RSS Sea Lion for Committing Piracy on Singapore Fishing Vessels
Near Horsburgh Lighthouse on 26 June 1977

76
CO}TFIDEl?TIAL
M/09/1 Vol 2
27 Jun 77
PLEASE DESTROY All THE DOCUMENTS
AT YOUR ENO AFTER ACTION
Speoial Roport no: M 69/77
IM' Di V Re port 1:0: ,u 112111
SPECIAL REPORT 011 THE A.IUtEST OF 3 nrro1msrAN
NAVAL PBP.5.?ffi$.L TOCS'rRER ~°ITH /Jf INDONESI!Ji
CIVIL.I.All FOR PIR,\CY CQ!.2,i-XT·?ZD OlI snmAPORE
REGISTERED FISHDiC VESSELS n: DT'l'EPJr,~TIQlU.L.
lfATE..tiS APPP.OXOHATEL Y 8~ 5 i:i G3 110?.Tii-B/&T Y: g-1,
CW HORSBUiriH LIGHTP.OUSE~~~ " · . 920 POJJB.S
cD 1000 H_QURS OM 26 Jtm 1917
On 26 Jun 77 at about 1032 hrs while the ilSi ship, XSS
1SEA LIO~' was on patrol about 2 miles north of .eo:sburgh.
Lisht~ouse, thoir attention was attrect~ri by the crev of n
Singapore registered t'ishicg vcoi:.el S1-t.F 785 who were mwing
their hendc. On c.pproaching the fiehir,g ,·es3el S:v7 ~,a5, the
CO o-r tba Rst?" ship, Capt Ho See Chee "WB.G informed by the
fiGber.nen that piratus were robbing other finhing vesu~ls in
the vicinity and they indicated tho d.irectjon to the RS:1 ship.
The RSS 'SEA LIOU' ia:oediately pl'oceeded to\;'ardo "the diroc-tior..
indicated. At about 1106 hrn, thoy oishted an Ind:mc,si.an bo~t
bearing rc:[~iotration nuc;ber KP.!J, 227 alongoide the f'ishir:lg
voesel. 1:10 797. Tho RSII shi:p1 liSS I SEA LIC!P did r.ot im:icc.iatcly
cloce in but kept obaorvation R.t a. distance nnu l-:i th his nel-:ed
eyes, Car,".. Ho could see .3 Indon0siar:.o (2 ari:led -.:ith !.'i:fles) on
board the :fi~hing voscol SK~ 797 and the 4th Indonesian was in
their 01m bot!.t. Ca.pt Ho bcc:Conc:rl to the Inclonasia~s to r,:ovo of-f'
and the fodonesians cocplied. Cnp"!: :fo them b::-ouci"it hie ship
close to tho fizhing ves6cl S:.f;- 79·1. riio :fi:::hor:::.~n ::;nout(;d out
to the Sir.ea~ore lh .. vy that tho IrJdon..:::::iant; -ucro r,i:.?.te.o and hnd
:rob bod t bee of caz b S7 0 /- c:.i,d c. 1~:!'i st 'Hat ch. T""t:,:i f ishe:rr:.; n el oo
in:fo::-med the Sin,.;.:.rcre :fa•.•y t!,..i.t the. lntlm,t:danz ~:ad intended tc
hijack t!11Jir fii::hi!l!; •:enacl. On hcnrin~~ thio~ tt;e Si ng;:qJOl'O
llaval ahip went in p'..l.r$UI) or tl!r; Indr.,ccsia:-!s 1:hc 1.£:~,} c:till ver:,cloe&
by 2-"l the Indonesian ·:s::;Bc:l vna a· i:.t.ull cr£f! tiocst.:.rinp,
25 ft :.c 5 rt arJd poll"<:rcd b!' a Vi h.1' oi<"!~cl ..-,n.zit:..- a:,d ;ro.u slo\l
r:iovine. 'i:'ho Ir..:i.or.crLic1.?1c llcre o:r·tic,r-:id on b::-i1.·.rd the i!~:::i 's:-;;A J,IC!l'
and on c<:inr.c hir.,:; th<'.l;:,, ca:..!: ,;.~ot:!i tir.e ta n total <Jf S.1:e6/- voz-o
~ound on t:H~ 3 lndonc:iio.n i:c·:t,l p-:::r!'.'onne:t. Alco, r~covexcd frc,~
t:?l.<:?i r ~rr:onH -wore '2 wrict l:;,.v::Ju.::; ( or.c of uni ch r. ar:i t,ean
i :let:tifir; .1 ao the..t b.:: lonci.r.G to ~ ere;-: of ~.;;: 7 4 9) ar.d 2 ci~aJ"<'·!i.~
lir;h-t,~rr. lio th of ;.·hi c:-i \.le.r-_-:i :i 1ic :: t : f i(; d. F':ro;l the l::. :'!~nc ~i f!r,
"\'08£<:l, tiw RS!i perr..,nr.el founi1] J::Oc,r. of .30 calibre ;;;.;,~o ;;,1
333
334
-~
PLEASE DESTROY ALL THE DOCUMENTS
AT YOUR END AFfER ACTION
CONFID.GNTIAL
2
Dolgium and 102 rounds of ammunition, They al.so found 3
pairs of binoculars in the Indonesian vessel and l pair has
been identified as the property ot the .:rev of $l:i' 587.
77
2 The Indonesians toecther with their boat were detained
by tl1e RS?J and brou1~bt back to Singn:pore where they were
hanrled over to the Marine Police.
3 The Comm~nding Officer of the RS!; ehipt RSS •~A
LIO~', Capt Ho ~as quite positive that the location (1 26.61
North and 104° 29,4' East) which is epproximatoly 8.5 miles
bearing 037° from llorcburgh Lighthouaiy. He ?:t;s expressed that
oven if t\e Indonesians wcro to claim a 12-mile Territorial
Limits, the locn.iion is sttll about 1.6 miles ou~oide the
limits taken from the neareot Indoneoian coast
4 Two of the taikongs of tishing vc:Joels S!-~ 749 a.nd
797 respectively were brought e.lon5 by tho RSN ship to lodge
their reports.
a g.~ 149
Th.: taikong or thie .fishing vessel is one
Ta_y Eng Chew, ra/'16 yr::. (mac !!o 0811174-Z)
of Blk 5, 122-E, Tatpine~C ~;;,y Dtatcd that on
26 Jun 77 a.t ahout 0920 hrs, vhile_ tr~wling
about 6 milcG north-caot of' !lornbureh
Ligh tl-1 o u:Je, ho was n1-• p:-o a c~ c d b3 the
Indonesian vem::cl ;:RJJ, 227. One of the
Indonesians .dcntifir.:d an ~~to:J:10 \.'ns stanc.ing
et the bm, or the boat :i.r~•~icl 1dtn a rifle in
his riE,ht band and sith hfr l<!ft hnn::! oicnallo d
tho fio~ing vcs~~l to ~top. The tai%on;
complied and the said Indon..-~zie.n ca;.;u on 'board
with another Indo~!c::iari i.d.cr.tificd ... :: D,dul
Y.ari c ( a Civil i :~rJ) • It 1rn.ri cl 1 ci;e d t:.i at the
Indonasian na~,:.,<l: So-e:-to:::o t:d:~d thr.i t.::.ik~r.g
hou 11:uch ooney lJ!:. could ci 1.•<;. TJ-.o t .d kor.g
replied that Ju-, cc,uld onl.v ~T~rc t5':J/-. On
hearing t..his1 Socto~e requ,::.~,~d for ,:ore and
bci'orn the tair: cr1g- could reply, S:,.itci::-::i \:ent
up to the tn.ii-:.CJne' s pl!.ir of tJ•ousor-.; ,1i~i ch
wa.ti !-1~r1cir.g in th.a li!.•-:cH,c,:.i!,c, r-.nd to:..7.. .n::::i.,v
Sl90/- :l"roc Otl<::! 01' 1.he pod:': :;i:; • The t cikcnG
ph:n.!c:d for i:;=,,,,t: r:nr.ll to ;,:.irchaoti fc-0-i :md
Soc ";o'.~:, re tu rr.c,,:1 tr 5/-. Ju::: t brdor,, ~ .-.:av in e
th,::, ci vilinn Jrich,n~sj 0..r, 1,;:rJcd }.bd1il K.:.ril'i
llCLI :il) cp:o d to }1 ;~ -.-e ta;; cc t:. Ee?: so:i C j :, ,ai·ct l C
li.:1!1 L,i1· ,hi1d a ~::..::YiZ .... r-i~. t .:~t cli r!.•~:,~ on-= or
b
3
CONFIDENTIAL
tho fiehe:rmon named Cheng Tian Ser. The
taikong kept observation ove~ the Indonesian
craft and sav them boc..rding o.nother tishin&
vessel whose number co-~l~ not be seen aa it
was quite SOl!le distance awa_y. Then the
Indoneeia.n ·1aseell8';a.in seon confronting L,,as
anoth\lr fisbifl8' veoael 1fo 5!,Ui 587 but tho
taikong could not ace ~!lat took place and
fi~ally he saw the Iodo~osicno~~oing elongeide
another fishing vassal 3J.!f 797 whon
they were intercepted by the RSN ship
idontifiod as P 77 1 ~hich is tho HSS 'SE.A
LION'. Th>! taikong ,1as subsaquantl:, brought
back to Singapore toget~or vith the
lndonesia,r.eon board the RSS 'SIU LIO!'.
~-1F 797
The t aikone; of this fishing voosel is one
Tan Eng Kiatt m/48 yrs {?13IC No 1O45.323-B) of
23-H Lorong Jerneh. Se stated that· at about
1000 hrs on 26.6.77 wbile trawlinr, about 6
m.ilos north-?ast of Zorsbu:rg~ Lighthouse, an
Indon~3~an boat KR.AI, 227 approached hie
:fishing vessel and an .uued Indonosie.n ordered
him ·i;o stop. Than this P.r:ned Inc!onosian
totether vith 2 othere' jumpud on board hie
vessel whilo 1 Indonasie:.n stood gur.rd over
them and horded thom to tho aft, 2 othoro went
into the wheolhouse e:-.d demended ooncy from
the taikong. The tair.~r.~ told the Indonesiana
that he had none bu~ tb~y disbalie~ed him and
the arcod Indonesiac. insertod his hand into
tho taikong shirt pocket end relic•!ed tho
taikong S7C;/-. Ji.f ter i;nich tho amed Indonesian
pointed his' rifle at ·the ta.ikone'e head and
ordered him ~ut of the ~heelhouoe. One of the
Indonesians identified as Abdul Kari~, the
civilian, took over control of th~ fieh~n«
ve:.iocl encl cteorod it to~1ardo Indoriesicn Hutcz-A.
Tho taikong beg the lndoneDians not to tako
the~ to Indonesian Haters but inotoad of which
tho illT.led Indonesian id~ntif'ied a.i Sootomo
lovellcd hio rifle at the taikone's head nnd
ordered him to Ghut up. At this junctUl'e, tho
RS~: ship had arri vad at the t;conc. '!ue Indor.oniano
jurnped back into their b:,at but laud difi"icultioo
in gottinc :u:a,y a~ thci:!" propelle1· had r,ot
on tangled with tho fi!o!,ir.E, conro. 'luc tait-:c,nz
ohout,1d aerCJ:J0 to tho E~1 ehip tha.t t~(ly hr,d l>AOtl
robbed. The RS!l ship tr.en wont in pursue of tho
Ind~noa:io.n boat Md tlotaincd the::.. L~'tol.·, lLt
th1J lla1·inc rolioc:, Y.c~lh.:,g1 idcmti!'.i~d a cj1,~;:,1•ctto
lit;htar with tha r,w.·k1r.~:; KT~1Sl'i~.'J)1 ~il;JIST'O!n'J.Tim:
{P'l'E) LTD a!'J thnt bolo:.:7ine ta lik. lih~ch 1:D.!J tl\k,)n
fro~, ·t.h~: uJ,c,_,~ huu::io. 'l'J-.ic l i:e;ht,"r -..-~ :-.:cov~r,1d
by n!;;! O!'fir.~::-3 :fJ•o::i ti.:: J:,,::;r:od ~n t:!a.r.:..:i<l /thu~tJ. . .
335
78
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
336
4
CONFI:CENTIAL
PLEASE DESTROY ALL THE DOCUMOOS
AT YOUR END AFTER ACTION
Karim (a civilian).
5 The Indonct i::lne a:ro pcrsor.nol •>t tho Naval Security
Post at Xijang, Sou th of Pulau Din tan. Their particulars are
as f'ollotta :-
a
b
C
Soetomo (!lRP 30859), c/32 .yro
He is a Sergeant nnd tho in-charge of
tl:.c crev.
J.!uc~ (l:RP 37636), r..l"\2 yrs
JTe is a 2nd Corporal and member of
the crew
Soe;,•orio (?JRp 377 57 ) 1 r./33 yrl'I
He is also a 2nd Corporal and momcer
of the CN1!'
d Abdul Kerio (a civiH.in). rn/20 yrs
Be is assisting tr.~ Indonesian ~aval
personnel in the runnine and caintcr.ance
or the boat and ungir.~.
~Tllo~ clair.ied that they have ord9r:; .froo their Y.o;:a.."ldan to prccccd
on ~a·t.rul ou 25 Jun 77 :fro:::i J::. jar.::; up r.orth to 'I'anjong &re.kit
and tbc euITounding co2.~tal ~at~:-.: of Indor:esia to ch(;CY. on
illeco.l f'fohings, co::,bat cttu{;i;lir.~ and pira~y o.nd prl?vent the
entries of Vietna~co'l craft and i llce;al icr.:ic:ra."lts.
6 The in-charge, S~ri;oant s~0to~o st~tcd that at ai~ut
o800 hrs on 26 Ju~ 77 they cow ~tout 10 SitJl:"ilporc fichinc veaccb
tra11linc in lndot~csian ~-:atero off 'I'nnjonc ?~r~it, l\l_lail :Bint~n.
m,ilRt ~ttec:ptir:t; to intcrcci,t tJ-:~cc Singoporo fiching vc:J::ic.-lG
hiF, onginc lJJ:oke: down w1d tho:, t!:·il·ted to OH•) of the fiuhinc
vccoelc where t},c:, boa.rJcd tbo .fishiile veoo1.:l ar.tl ,1ante:d to tclco
it ba.ck to th.:-ir ~ace t.ut tbr;-ir :·-!"':'"1p-::llcr !:Ot cnt~gl.c<l t1ith the
f fahine net. '!-ri>ilc in th.:! t•?·oc,.-;.·:, o-£ dis~:r:ta.nfline the: fi:;hing
n.::t, the R::?: =hir, ::.rri•:,:al .:.nJ dd.:incd thc!.i. }:.:, a:!.':littcd
bo~ding 3 5incapoN fichine; vor.:;r::ls, 2 i'or the p:;rpoac of"
sc.:~kin£~ act>:i ::;t.ance: and th~ 3rd .1:~.:.- the iutcnticri of arrest. llo
acrnittcd )''?C~,i,·in[; IJOnr,:, f1·0::: th., f'i:;hine 'IOG:-::clr. but ot.:ited
thut he thd riot lc::,.:.::d for tJ,c r::c-r.o,r 1:.ut it 1.-~~ E:i"J'Oll
v"ltmt~ril:; .:Fl t~1c ffoh•::r:r.,,n l:c:t·.:: in fc!ir c,! i>oi!~e er·r .. rntcd
fo"!' poachir,~.
7 'flw 2nd Corp<.tr.J.l !'?:1~--:d :.:·.:::::.r ~lc0 udr.,itto:-d r<:C•.'-ivinc
r.iono:, from one of th<: f ichin{; Vt·:....~~l,!; 1m L G,-,nicd :.:&ine any
PLEASE DESTROY ALL THE DOCUMENTS
AT YOUR END AFTER ACTION
CONFIDEIITIAL
.5
threat or force. He admi ttod that SG:t Soetomo pointed the
ri:fle a.t the bead of the taik.ong o:f S!l.!l: 791 when the taikong
plcadod not to be taken to Indonooia.
8 Second Corporal Sooyono also Admitted that hie
colloaGUeG vent on board tho fishin(! vessel:, which Wert)
trawlinc in the vicinity o~ Tanjong Borakit nnd took 1J10n~y
and cigarettes. All tho money collected were kopt by
Sgt Soatooo. Ho also deniod that they ~cro in International
Yatore w!Jen they boardod the Sing3por-, fishing voauolc.
9 The 4th Indo~esian, Abdul Ka.r-ic who is a civilian but
euthorised by t~e Koaandan to accomr,.w.:, the crow on patrol, io
an oneinc hand u!io asaistJin the ha11dling of t.he boot and
repairs of t!lc .:??]G'ine. Ho admitted that at about 1000 hro on
26 Jun 77 they calf about 10 fiahing Ye"3ele at e,. location
East of Horcbur&b Lighth,ucc which iG in International ~aters.
Th.iG 1"a.6 also adr.dtted by him vhcn qut?etionod by Col Deir,
t.ho llavo.l Attacho o~ Indonesian E::ibasoy altho0&h denied by tho
3 Anl;katan Laut perGonnel. Thay wen~ on board 5 of these
fishing v~ssel~ nnd each tico tboy Mere given twncy by tho
fichc1~cn and all of which were kept by SuatOQO• It wo.o
Sootooo and !-fus~ who vera the 'lnOG am~d with ri:flos each
when boarding tte £ishing v~asoln. Ro is able to recall the
registration nu~bers of 2 fishinJ va~ocl~ v!:ich he boardod.
Thoy ,,.er~ sa• 749 and 797. Whon boa.i·dir.g these 2 ves.a!:la,
~eto..no and l!usar wect on boa.rd ar::i?d Yi-th a rif1'i each. Abdul
Y.arim yould ~i!kr. over control of the ot~crinc sbool wtile
Soctomo a.'ld Muaar would £0 tc tho r&tir of the tfahine- vem;.,l.
Ile ad::d t.c that ho bas boon o?Jt vi th U1•..im. on 3 occa.sione. On
the lr.t occ:icion, they coll<:ct!!d abou! S300/- and he wa::i given
2J 000 rupiahn ,:liie:h is about f-12/-.
10 Ti1•~ Iudon~f..lian £r.1b~t.el' had b.;1;,:n inror.n-Jd atid the Jlaval
80
Attacho Col .1-)nir j; J{nn(?a.w<c:ang cnr:10 c.nd Sl'okc to tho 4 Indonc:oiann.
11 PS (HDJDEP), ?.!r S R !1::;tlt~n r:.ns in-foni.;d.
13 ro lSD, Ir,op Chan 'i'.: n0 :;:~ • .:--, h.:.d also b;Jcn infc,mcd.
C O J; F' J J; •~ .• 'f' l A L
337
338
PLEASE DES7ROY ALL THE DOCUMENTs
AT YOUR ENO AFTER ACTION
CONPIDEUTIAL
14 Tho case will be reforrod to A.G's Cbambora for
instJ1Jctio,ns.
slL ~TilE DIVISiml
SIUC~U'ORE POLICE FORCE
Dietributiono:
PS Foreign Af'f aire: - 3 copies
CP - J copies
Director ISD - 4 copioz
Diroctor SID
Director CID
Cot!lciand.:?r Areao
Co~!!!4ndor DctachQonts
Chief o'f Genorel Staff - MD:DEJ-,
Aast Chio:f of Cenoral Ste.ff' (Ops) Mm~•
Cornt!lantl.ir RSU - 2 copies
Lu/KKJ.:
81
6
Annex 51
Note by Kishore Mahbubani (Counsellor, Singapore High
Commission in Malaysia) regarding meeting with Halim Ali
(Principal Assistant Secretary, South East Asia, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, Malaysia) on 13 Apr 1978

SECRET
XL Y v5Ja261/J/2/bA 00- 29/78)
lJ Apr 78
PS (1ere1p Attaire)
_, Hal.a AU al.ao u:toJ'llecl m• th .. t ihe i:a..1&7 ■ i.an
GOTer»au1 waa •oaewbat ap .. t •"r oert.1.n soUoaa o~
Si.Jl&apore conoerniq Rora'blU'&b Lipthouae ialu.4.
i'ira'll.7, :H.appore lw.4 tlown tile S111p,iare :flag nor '\he
ielud. Seeo.ndl.,)', when ae .. raiD Mala_Jel.&11 llltLJ'i.Ae boa ta
'lrie4 io doek oa the ielalld rec•£'1.,y far eame av•~
•ork, they were ret~e•d rermiseioa ,o lan4.
i.eppO.Daf
4 Ul reepOJlae, l &&id to Hali.a Ali Uld1i I ',IIU.8
eurp.r1eeli tha'l ~•ir e"-ldJ' ehowed ~, Mala..J•ia lla&4
■nare1&r:1''1 ove.r the 1aland 011 waioh Jlorabm-p Li&b,iilaoue
•~oo4. I sa1cl that •• bad cloae a dela1le4 11t\&"7 of the
a,.a.11tar lilll,d 1'ouad aoo11trovertlltle lepl en.deaoe 'Ulat ta
1 ■ lull belo~p4 to !.ii1141Apoi-e. lf'II• 40011.mente 1A 'Clt.1•
re•peo't were coaple••l-7 ~i.,.oaa a.rad I a44e4 'UuLt •
t.ri•Ad• 1A ~ .u1ur.12q-GGDeral • s Caaalaer• bad.. aaau.recl
Iii tll11t •• ooalli eaail.,y proTe H uq ub1;aN4 or
1Dteruti~l observer ihat 31.ngapore bad cle . .:.r and fl.lll
eo'1've1p~ OYer ~• ial.aad. I vied °'o 0012·n7 tll.1a
pt.in\ w bill ae avo11al1' u I ooul4.
SECRET
339
340
SE__ . ,._...... ..0 \. ET
2
CUN/11
, flli• ia.ae or HoralMlr.aa JJ.ptllou• ar•ff •he•
llalia 1.11 u4 I were Coia& ~ ov reaalaJi
41••-•loa."', o~ ftl•aaciill& 1t1latu-al proltltilla. .. raS.• ..
Uae aat,er. ~. U4 J:\Ot ~ "-' Ile ... •r•l.1' mua 'le
f'eel tile -.ter-9 ltelei"• a'leppi.Jtc 1a. kthel', I .teel tila'I
IA~ llan an-S.ft4 ai a 4e#a111e 4enala 011 Bon1Nrp
&114 are ac,w lfaittaa f'ar aa•p~~ aMl!fll to..,.. .111•
acne. Be ~•b. ·r•l:t ~t opporftila ·to~• 11a1·• .1••••
•~ l. 1u14 ~••t 0~1•4 to ld1ll hr MX" ..... to· .. af.acrt •
ioi.a··IQ-clrOfll'liP!lie •~l"t"Q aloa, .the Svalt ot lour••
HIGH COMMlSSIONER FOR
SINGAPORE IN MALA Y::JA
SECRET
Annex 52
Investigation Report into the Grounding of the Panamanian Cargo
Vessel, MV "Yuseung-Ho" at Horsburgh dated 14 Dec 1979

Raf: Marine CA60
14 Dec 79
Director of Marina
GROUNDING Of PANAMANIAN REGISTERED CARGO VESSEL
"YUSEUNG HO" AT HORSBURGH
1 With reference to your minute CA60 of 4 Dec 79, the
following witnesses ware interviewed:-
a Master : Bang No Hyeon, holder of Korean Master
Certificate No 5-840
b 2nd 1- Bak Jong Hak, holder of Korean 2nd Mate
Officer Certificate No 5-465
C 3rd
Officer
Choi Chi Ju, holder of Korean 2nd Mata
Certificate No 5-536
d Radio r Jeong Gyeang Ho, holder of Korean Radio Officer
Officer 2nd Class Certificate No 5-547
e 2nd Kang Soo Con, holder of Korean 1st Engineer
Engineer Certificate No 6-168.
f Quarter- 1 Bak Chang Su
master
2 Please find enclosed statements taken from tho above
witnesses and our investigation report.
WI NGIAP roo
DV HVDROG PHER
PORT or SINGAPORE AUTHORITY
P J THOMAS
PRINCIPAL MARINE SURVEYOR
MARINE DEPARTMENT
341
342
lNVESTlGATION RtPORT INTO THE ,ROUNDING or TH£ PANAffANlAN
RtGlSTtRtO CARGO VESSEL, MV •YtJS£lJNG-HO" AT HORSBURGH
l [VENTS AFTER LEAVING POHANCi
Tha cargo vassal •Yuaeung.Ha• lart Pohang• Koraa at 1240
haura on 16 Nov 1919. She •e loaded •1th 4,n, matrlc
tomea or cargo. It conelsted or steal platac and l•an
rod •• Har depar\Ul"a draught •n 5.75 •tree tonard and
1.1, matrea art. rrom th• ti• ehG lert Pohang to thl!
evening betora ahe Qntunded nathlng unevante"1 happened.
II £VENTS PRIOR TD THE CROUNDING
1 At 2000 how• on Ula 24th or Nov 19?9 the third
ortlca• took ove• watch rn■ the chief ottloer. The Maetar
came "6th the tmldt• -,1. ltetnen 2015 hotne and 2100
hotna. Ha••• then ta •••lat ttw thlrd ottlc•• in
navirting the naul in oongeated ut,er•• fhla u,aa hie
uaua pnetlce. Al 2JJD hour• the thll'd otrtcor obtained 8
~
tion or the vn••1 taI radlll'. This poaitlon ••• Lat 01 M'.9Ns
104° 40 1.K. At th a ti• "'8 Ma.star adJuated oourae to
by Q)'l"G•
2 At 2'40 hour• the eeoend officer.caae to the bridge
to take over the •'• fro U. lh:lld orr1car. A llttla
later et 2J44 hoUI"• the quul .... ter, flt Bak Chang su, aue
to tho b•ldo• to nlleve \hll quut.errat4er on duty. At 2J45
howe the third ottlaer lart the btldga atbr handing over
the watch to the aeoand atti«NW. Barore leaving tha bridge
the thil'd officer \old \bit ••oond orr1cu the couree \he
vesaal na ateatinG 210" gyro) end also tha 2400 D.R. position
he had nrkad an tfie ahlll't. Vhen the thll'd ofticer left tha
bridge both 8intt1111 Md No•elluqh lighb ••n visible.
, Around mldnlgllt the naand ottiHI' read and signed
the Maet•r•e nJ.oh' oner• llhidl ••led,
•
b Knp an th• cwl'ea line. If you noed u you
can call .. anytille.
c Engine R.P.M. 200.
d If vielbillty becoaas bed report to•••
2
At oo,o hours ort the 27th ,11e Master altered couree to 242°
by gyro. Thie a1,era,loft waa ude at a position approximated
by the Neater. Although the&-• UH navigational llghta and
the redu ••itched on and in good mol"king condition, tha
paaltion waa not aacertained baton making thia 5ruc1a1
altention. When Ute v••••l •• steadied 8" 24!a by gyro,
Horsburgh light wu obaehad to be about 5 ta -,- an the
pon bow.
4 Arta11 making thla altuation ttw "8atu lett the
bridge because he ta1, verr tired and needed aama ree,. In
addition to his lnamotlone 1n the night order book the
ffaater told the ••cond otrioar to keep Horaburgh lioh' on
h1a pol't bam. He alao hld Ill■ to cell him at anrtlma 1,
roquirad and it •v•rything ua Nll, than to call him at the
poaltlon marked on the chart. Thie poaition ■aa about 11
miles artar peaaing Noraburoh light.
s Whlla t.ha v••••l •• on the courea or 242°(1,ro) the
second otricel' noUoed , .. , Hotabuqh light was r1na on the
port bow. He uaua■d the •••••11188 drifting eouthnrda due
to atnng curran,. He udered tha quutel'aaater 9 9ut the
vaaael on hand •hn~ and adJuated cou••• to 2,0 \gyn)
al about 0110 .....-. loaord.l~ io the quartenaetn he •a•
ordered to the .._.1 ''<abou 0100 houe by the eaaond ottlcer
and told to etau 2,av 1rn • Whan he took aver ttw whlla1 tha quu,n•stu natlaad the, Hol"sburah light was about 10 0
on the po~, b•• Al 0120 .._. e_poeilion •• marked on the
chai-t. AcooniRg lo the ••eond offlou th1• poaltion ••
obtalnad by a alngle vleual baaing and an eatl•tad dia,ance
arr Horebwgh light.
6 Tha aaoond orrlou alao atated that uound thi• tima
he noticed• 91a tanlic•r appnaatt..,. hJ.11 and the edJuatunt or
caura• to 2,0 \gyro) na alao to keep alnr or t61■ ,an1c ....
A little latu he natloed u., u., tanker ... altering coura•
to hla etarboan. loU. Ula v••••la ••r• v•'1 cloaa and on a
collialon CCMa••• Sa ha orderecl •part_,. on the helm.
Thia ... llbaut OlJI lloura. Vllen the tanker tlnallr paaeed
cl~ or har Ul8 aeoancl orrtae~ o_,,ad ■heal •811lidahipa• and
than to t\atuboaM •••r•,• It ... at thie t!r9 lhat t.h• veaa•l
pounded 1n poaitlon Lat 1° 1,•.•• Long 104· 24'.X at about
0145 on Ula 21th or Nov 1979.. The g•oWldad poaJ.Uon ne only
about , .• 7 cable• lo the ■ut. or Horsburgh Lighthouse.
1 343 1
344
i .
,
Ill EVENTS AfTER THE GROUNDING
1 Whan the veeeel grounded the eecond officer put the
telagrapha to atop. He then ran damn to call the Master.
Attar laaviffi the bridge at ODJD hours tha Master had gone
to hie cabin and•• dozing ln hie bad when ha na amakanad
by a slamming motion between 0140 houra and 0145 hour ■•
Attar this there••• eil•nce. Soon the second otticar and
the quartermaster ure at hi• door. Tha second officer told
him that the vassal had gnunded.
2 Tha "8atar hurried to the bridge. He round that the
talagrapha was already at atop. He••• oil on the main deck
at No 1 and No 2 poh aide. Ha thought of ratloating the
vaaa ■.l but when ha realized that the vaaael had grounded on
rocks h9 decided it•• ntar not to retloat her.
J The Maetar ol'dered the Chief Otticer to make a
detailed check at the eituation. Ha told the radio officer
ta aend out dlatreae signal ■ and tha radio atticer eant out
an sos on the emergency radio. The Chief Office ua ■ d soma
diatraee rockets. At the s- tilla ttaater alaa ordered
lifeboat etatiane.
4 The Chief Ottlcer reported that Na, and Na 5 fuel
tanks and ona ballut bnke nn holed. Water ••• entering
the veaael rapidly and it•• ditticult to prevent thi•
ingreae of ••tar. The ve•••l •e no• lieting about 5 to
atarboa~d. According to UIII Meeter the maethar ••• very
rough and aa ha teu•d tu Ula eatety at the ere• ha decided
to abandon ahip and between 0200 houra and 02JO houra the
MaatH gave order• to abandon ship. According to the reet
of the cram no abandon ahip signal na given. Aa they came
on deck they found the litaboata being lo■arad ao they went
into the litaboata. All er•• ware aately landed at the
lighthouae at about OJJO how■,
5 On the 21th at 0600 hou~a a helicopter lo~arad soma
salvage personnel at the lighthouse, The Meeter e1gnad the
Lloyds Open rar111 tar ealvag■ opantione to co•enca. At
about 0800 hour• thtt Maetu and tha radio ott1car •ant back
to the ■ hip with the salvage craw ta aaeiat in the salvage
operation and also to send a ■eaaaga to tha ownare. All
craw umbers lllho "" not involved in helpinJ in the aalvage
■ork ••~• brought to Singapore on the JOth o November.
Thare wee vary little ail pollution from tlw bunkering tanks.
No lives mare loat.
IV FINDINGS
1 Neither the Master nor the second officer was
concerned as to the actual position tif the vessel during
the 2 houra prior to the grounding. rrom 2JJD hours on
the 26th upto 0145 houra on the 27th when the vessel
grounded no positions ■ era fixed although Horsburgh and
Bintang lights ware visible during this pe~iod. The radar
was eJWitchad on and in good working order yet it was not
used in the navigation or tha vessel.
2 A cruetal:. alteration of course to 242° (gyro) was
made by the Master at 0030 hours on an assumed position
when it was possible to take good fixes.
J The Master left the bridge at a time when he mas
most needed on the bridge. Hie excuse was that ha mas very
tired and needed soma rest and also because he considered
this was an easy passage. Therefore he left the navigation
in this narrow and congested area entirely ta tha second
officer.
4
4 It is surprising ta note that the. Master left orders
to be called about an hour attar the moat crucial part of
the pasGaga was over.
5 The Kaster did not eneurathe' vessel's position
before leaving the bridge.
6 The sae·ond ot'ricer treated this part of the passage
vary lightly. According ta him as long as Horsburgh light
was an hie port bow it was quite ears. He relied too much
on his estimated positions or the vassal. He did not check
the vassal's position for about 2 hours prior to the
grounding when he had ample means and t1ma far doing so.
7 Although he wae in busy waters the second officer
did not call the Master because he felt that tha Master
should have been on the bridga •ithout being called. This
was contrary to the Hastar'a night orders and the instructions
given to him. ·
8 The avoiding actions taken by the aacond officer to
keep out or the way or an oncoming vessel was vary poorly
executed. These consisted or a number or small alterations.
Thie was done without determining hie own position in vary
narrow waters. Although the engines were on stand by the
second officer did not make use or the engines.
9 Tha manner in which bearings and distances were
estimated by the second mate ware very unsaamanlike.
345
346
V CONCLUSIONS
l In our opinion it is difficult to believe that the
M-astar•s reason for leaving the bridge about an hour and a
quarter before the vessel grounded was that because ha was
very tired as he had only come up on the bridge about J
hours earlier. A prud ■ nt master would have stayed on the
bridge until Horsburgh. was cleared.
2 We fail to understand why the second officer did
net call the Master nol" fix any positions of the vessel
during his watch.
:,: We have no doubts whatsoever that the grounding of
the ·va1tsel was due to the very incompetent and irresponsible
manners in which the Master and the second officer navigated
th.is crucial part of the passage.
4 We do not recommend a formal inquiry as it will not
throw any further light into the cause or the grounding.
5 We recommend that the Master Hr Bang No Hyson and
the Second Officer Mr Bak Jan9 Hak should not be employed
on Singapore registered vessels.
6 A shipping circular should be sent ta the shipping
community reminding the ■ at our shipping circular No.7 of
1974 on "IMCO Racammllftdation On Basic Principles And
Operational Guidance Relating Ta Navigational Watohkeeping".
APPENDIXES
I Particulars or Veseal
II Crew list
III Photographs of the vassal aground.
IV Chart used for navigation.
V Extract or engine.room log book.
VI Extract of deck log book.
VII Extract or Master's night orders.
VIII Copies of certificatea or officers.
IX Copies or ship's certificates.
5
APPENDIX I
PARTICULARS or VESSELS
Name
Official No
a m.v. "Yuaeung Ho" ex "Young Star"
I 4161 - 74 - B
Port of Registry I Panama
Call Sign
Year Built
Crose Tonnage
Natt Tonnage
a HOEr
I 1967
a 2,,,a.,e
t 1962.BS
Length 1 95.58 metras
Breadth 1 15.00 metres
Depth , 7.80 metres
Speed a 11.00 knots
H.P. 1 ,ooo HP
Type & Na of I UN(l) Juago Da Motor Diesel
Engine
Type of v.easel r Ceneral Cargo
Classification a Nippon KaiJi Kyokai (NKK)
Owners a Chander (Panama) s.A.
Singapore Agents a Trana-Associates Shipping (S) Pte Ltd
347
1 348 1
APPENDIX II
C R £ W L I S T
M/V "VU5£UNC HO"
NAME RANK NATIONALITY
BANC NO HYEON CAPTAIN KOREAN
LEE DDNC CUL CHIEF' orrlCE:R N
BAK JDNC HAI< 2ND orrttER "
CHOI CHI JOO 3RD orrICER •
KIM SEUNG HD ASSISTANT ofrICER ft
SIM MOO UNI: CHIEF' ENGINEER "
YUN SANC IN 1ST ENGINEER ..
KANC SOD GON 2ND ENGINEER "
S£0 JUNG MOD 3RD ENGINEER H
LE£ HEE JONG ASSISTANT ENGINEER "
JEONG CYEANC HO RADIO orrlC[R "
BAK JEOM SUN BOSUN ..
LEE JEONC HWAN 1ST QUARTER"ASTER "
BAK CHANG SU 2ND QUARTERMSTER "
MOON HONC JUN 2ND SAILOR "
VU YUN SUK JRD SAILOR "
IM SEDNC IC GENERAL SAILOR "
KIM PAN SIC 1ST OILER "
WOO SUN JUNC 3RD OILtR "
LEE TIE MIN 1ST rlR£"AN N
SHIM GU BO 4TH rIRE,.AN ft
HAN BOVNG HYO ELECTRICAL ENGINEER ..
CHEA JONG HAK CHU:r STEWARD "
LEE IL SEDNC COOK "
Annex 53
Extracts from
Trocki C., Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the
Development of Johar and Singapore (1979)

1 349 1
PRINCE OF PIRATES
THE TEMENGGONGS AND THE DEVELOPMENT
OF JOHOR AND SINGAPORE
1784-1885
Carl A. Trocki
Issued under the auspices of the
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
SINGAPORE UNIVERSITY PRESS
~~'1--t\-\-S-\-1-Y- -o....,.. . • .· ~,,,♦. ,, ·,. ·C 13 FEE; 1979 c;,\
<'- . r • . IS R. A A cttf _-· .
... ·
350
JOHOR IN 1885: PROSPECTS 201
to Europe, for the building and outfitting of lavishly appointed
palaces at Johor Baharu, Tyresall in Singapore, and_at Muar, and
for his frequent and bountiful entertainments put a severe drain on
the shrinking resources of the state. However, it was just this sort of
thing that kept Johor independent during these years. The
Governors of Singapore were perhaps right in calling attention to
his extravagance. When he died, the state was some £200,000 in
debt and even the members of the Johore Advisory Board in
London felt that the sta~e would soon be taken over.38
Abu Bakar. must have been aware of this dilemma. With the
failure of European development schemes in Johor and the gradual
decline of gambier cultivation, he appears to have accepted that
there was little he could do to bolster the state's economy: He did
have an ample supply of cash and apparently very good credit, but
he saw no way of investing it in the material resources of the state.
Thus, the diplomatic effort. In addition to this, he also invested in
the state's human resources and began training an elite to take over
from him. The archetype of the new Malay elite was Enche Abdul
Rahman bin Andak, the Sultan's personal secretary in his last
years. He was also given the title of Dato Sri Amar di Raja, made
Secretary to the Johor Government, and sat on the State Council.
.. Abdul Rahman, a nephew of the Sultan, was •a very clever'
English-educated Malay who became the Sultan's private
secretary .... Cecil Smith suspected that it was Abdul Rahman who
drafted the Sultan of Johore's replies to communications from the
Singapore authorities. " 39
While he was the most well known, perhaps most notorious, as
far as the Straits government was concerned, there was a whole
group of English-educated Malays now coming to maturity in
Johor. When Florence Caddy visited Johor in 1889, she met two of
the Sultan's nephews, both of whom were English-educated. One
was a surveyor and the other an engineer. "The Sultan kept his
nephews waiting at a distance in their launch till the Duke came on
board the Pantie, when he called them alongside and on board and
introduced them. Mr. Swan, who understands Malay, told us he
38. Ibid .• p. 228.
39. Ibid., p. 225.
Annex 54
Excerpts from
Press Conference by Malaysian Prime Minister Hussein Onn and
Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew on 13 May 1980

Questioner :
EXCERPT FROM PRESS CONFERENCE BY
MALAYSIAN PRIME MINISTER HUSSEIN ONN AND
SINGAPORE PRIME MINISTER LEE KUAN YEW
ON 13 MAY 1980
[An audio recording of this excerpt is provided
in a compact disc enclosed with this Reply]
Mr Prime Minister, my name is McHill with the Asian Wall
Street Journal.
Malaysian Which one? Are you referring to the Singapore Prime Minister?
Prime Minister
Hussein Onn
Q : I will take either one with this question. (Laughter in
background) One of the things which is obviously not
mentioned in the joint statement is the current discussions
about the possession of a series of islands that Malaysia has
claimed on a recently-produced map. I was wondering if there
was any discussion of that between you two and if so, what
was the import of that discussion?
Prime Minister
Hussein Onn :
Well, as we have explained ... ! think ... when the map was
published ... and I think this is normal practice in the countries
publishing the maps ... and this does not mean to say that
countries affected or countries which have got claims on the
islands or areas which are included in the map published by
Malaysia .. . (pause) .. . should not bring any to the attention of
Malaysia. But we have always taken the stand ... and, of
course, this is unilateral action on the part of Malaysia in
publishing the map and you don't solve problems and claim ...
and take possession of islands, areas which are included in the
map when other countries say that they equally have a claim to
the area.
351
352
Q:
As regards Singapore, I think this is especially in connection
with the Batu Puteh .. . (pause) ... Pulau Batu Puteh ... Branca
.. . (pause) ... Pedra Branca, on which there is the lighthouse by
the name of Horsburgh, and I have mentioned this to Mr Lee
Kuan Yew, saying that we have received your note with regard
to the island and let's talk. And this is the question of
producing ... I think Mr Lee Kuan Yew is aware ... this is a
question of going back into whatever documents there are, to
prove who, to which nation, to which country this island really
belong in the light of whatever documents may be available.
And I think Mr Lee Kuan Yew says .. . (pause) .. . he has
got.. .(pause) ... some documents. We are also looking into the
question because this is not very clear to us with regard to this
island and we include that in the ... (sudden pause)... If there
are any evidences to that effect, we are willing and prepared to
settle this thing peacefully, amicably.
It has been claimed in some circles that the purpose of
claiming the Horsburgh Lighthouse was to give you a
bargaining card to allow you to throw that away and wind up
with possession of the other group of islands. Is this part of the
Malaysian strategy?
Prime Minister We don't work that way. (Laughter in background)
Hussein Onn
Q: Mr Prime Minister, everybody works that way.
Prime Minister (Pause) ... I. .. I don't work that way. (Laughter in background)
Hussein Onn
Q: O.K.
Annex 55
"3 Missing after Navy Launch Sinks" in Straits Times dated 26 June
1980 and "Missing RSN Men: It's Misadventure" in Straits Times
dated 11 July 1981

THE STRAITS TIMES, THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1980
--==============~-=-_.,,--·--- --
! .. · 3 m1ss1ng
after
navy
launch
I sinks
I A SEARCH-and-~ !
I mis..,;;ion was mounted yes- j
lcrday ror three crew
members of a Republic of i
Singapore Navy launch
which sank off Horsburgh 1,
Lighthouse on Tuesday i
afternoon. :
Passing ships rescued
1J other sailors yesterday
- several bouni after the
vessel sank In stormy
water...
The lnddeot OCC"UJTed
3.2 km north-east of the
lifhtbouse, ED km east of
S ngapore. when t"h e
launch ran Into a squall. I
All 16 OD board haled I
out, a Defence Ministry statement said yesterday. I
Two ot the sailors were
picked up by a ~
rish~lnessel yesterday '
mo , oioe by the
tanker Olawao. at 2
p.m. and two more by a
'Thal ftshlng '-'CSSel at 5
p.m.
Inquiry
TI,e statement said that
when a repo:1 of the lnc!dent
reache<l the RSN
headquarters yesterday
rr.ornlng, an Immediate
rescue mission was
mounted with nine &hips
supported by search al rcri.
ft from t.&e !lef)ubUc or
Sln,lta.P<>reAlrForce.
It sa Id lnltlal search
operaUom were hampered
by bad weat.ber.
The two sailors who
were r!8CUed by the Thal
fl.sb1ng vessel In the "Doming
were !:INt by helJcopt
er to tile Singapore
General Hospital.
Others were also sect to
the bolpltal later.
The oondldon of the 13
ls nld to be "ralr.".
The ataltmtnt said lM
next-Q(-ltln have been ~
formed. A comm.JUH of
lncurlry bu be:D coawned
to 1ooi t.nto me loddent. I
353
· I
I
354
THE STRAITS TIMES, SATIJ~OAY, JULY 11, 1981
Missing RSN
men: It's
misadventure
ST A TE Coroner Tan Soo
Klang yesterday rt'COl'Cied
mlsaihienture verdicts on
the tbree Republic of
Slngapore Navy mftl who
drowned ln tbe sea off
Horsburgh Llgblhouse
dwinR a treat storm In
June last year.
Mr Tan said that although
tbelr bodies were
DOt round, be was satlsfted
thSatt atffh e~l T. Goplnathan.
2 • Cpl 0lau
Koag Lam. 21, and Cpl
OWi Joo Sena, 23, togetber
wltb 13 otJierl went on
a •"special assignment" to
Horsburgh Llgb_thc!wJe on
me morning al June 2'
last year.
On arrival there at
about L» p.m. there was
a, s&or'1D and the sea became
very rough. Because
al this. the harbour
wmcb Ibey were ln could
not 10 a.loapkle 1be Jetty.
M they were ~
back to mum to Singapore,
tbe launch ... buf.
reted b7. metre-high
waws. AM when the bow
became aotbme.J;t COZ•
swa1a Cpl K. J 1 ordered
bis men to don their
llfe-)acketl and abandon
shJp.
'the court heard that
Sgt Goplnathan was last
seen noating away with
the cun-ent. Cpl Chang
and Cpl Chan, who haa
together with several
others attempted to swim
to the lighthouse decided
to break away from the
group after two hours
when they made no beadway
because al strong
cun-enl
They told tbelr col•
leagues that u they tried
going ott on tbetr own,
ihey might make It to the
!lgbthouse. That was the
1ut time they were seen
alive.
Sea-worthy
Mr Tan said ln h1s ftnd•
lngs yestenSay that there
waa ·•no culpabWty'' on
tbe part of anyone.
He was satisfied that
the laUDCb WU sea-worthy
and 81.~ It was a bar·
bour , Its usage not
DOt limited to within tbe
bar1>our llmltl only. Har•
bour laanches
bad llttYloua1Y been
used far ·trt .. to tbe llgbt·
house wltliout any mishaps.
Annex 56
Extracts from
The Republic of Singapore Navy, Naval Archives (Singapore) (1988)

; :
fVA
667.12
-sir
REPUBLIC OF
'SINGAPORE . •,~f~~~r ":: ,
NAVY
..; ..
··•-.::,·~- ·-- - ... -.
355
,., :,/
/
356
Part One
THE ORIGINS
- ~--------l
i
--. _.,
S S SEA BELLE II
T he Republic or Singapore Navy inherits
its existence from the Royal Navy in the
Far East in the 1930's. With the rise of Jap_an
as a military power in that period, Great BritaiP.
took steps to strengthen its forces in the Far
East and developed its largest Naval Base East
of Suez in Singapore.
Volunteer f'Javal forces were recruited . . -
in the Dominions and in Singapore, the Straits
Settlements Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
(SSRNVR) was · established on 20 April 19 34.
This volunteer force in Singapore numbering
25 officers and 150_ ratings did its training on
the Governor'.s yacht SS SEA BELLE II.
On ·i8 January 1935, His Majesty's ·Ship
(HMS) LABURNUM a British Flo\\;er-dass
Corvette on loan to the Royal New Zealand
Navy (RNZN) was presented to the SSRNVR
by the British Admiralty. She was steamed
to Singapore by an RNZN crew and berthed
at Telok Ayer Basin, at the headquarters
of the SSRNVR.
In 1937 Motor Launch (ML) PANGLIMA,
a '75-foot motor launch sim.ilar to ML
PAHLA WAN which was _already in s,ervice,
was built in Singapore by Messrs Thbrnycroft
Limited. The. PAHLA WAN and tht! PANGUMA
were used for sea t~aining of SSRNVR officers
and ratings;
HMS LABURNAM
3
357
/rHE ORIGINS/
A :t the outbreak of Wo.rld War II in 1939,
. SSRNVR personne1 were called up for
Juli time s·ervice. At the. same time the British
Government decided to strengt~en the
strategically important base of · Singapore
by raisi11g the Malay Section of the· Royal Navy;
Officers were aH. loaned by the Admiralty
while the ratings were recruited mainly. into
the' · seaman and communicaticms branches
for ,service. in minesweeper~ and patrol craft.
In. 1941 the Straits · ~ettlements Royal
Nava] Volunteer Reserve (SSRNVR) became
the Singapore. Division of the Malayan Royal
Nava] Voluntf!er Reserve (MRNVR).
Japan entered the war in 1941 at a time
when Brit~in was ·de;perately engaged iri the
WesL During the two-month Malayan Campaign,
personnel of the MRNVR and the Malay
Section were distributed among more than
a hundred minesweepers and patrol craft
under the operational command of the
Captain Auxiliary Vessels, Royal Navy.
After the surrender of Japan, the Malay
Section was demobilised and disbanded by
the British Labour Government due to postwar
financial stringency.
On 5 September 1948, Malayan Reserve
Vessel (MRV) PANGLIMA, a 90-foot motor
boat built in England in 1944 for the Royal
Navy and the second craft to bear the name of
PANGLIMA was presented to the Singapore
Government as· replacement for the first
PANGLIMA for practical sea training of the.
MRNVR officers and ratings (the first PANGLIMA
was bombed and sunk just off Singapore
on. 10 February 1942 whilst evacua6ng ·rriHhary
personnel f~om Singapore).
In December 1948; the Malayan Naval
Force (MNF) was raised by the Singapore
Government as the·colony's contribution towards
the defence of the Malayan Peninsula. The
Force was later granted the title of Royal
Malayan Navy (RMN) in 1952, in recognition
of its services in ·action during the Malayan
Emergency.
HMS PANGLIMA
L ike the majority of the other wooden craft
. built in England in 1944, MRV PANGLIMA's
hull was not suited to tropical waters and
before long she came to the end of her useful
·life.
In 1954 the keel of the third vessel, a
J 17-foot Ford-<;:lass Large Patrol Craft be.aring
the illustrious name of PANGLIMA was
laid in the shipyard of Messrs United Engineers
Limited. She was bought· at a cost of S$ l
million and \vas launched as HMS PANGLIMA
on 14 January 1956. This vessel was
invaluable for sea training as she had antisubmarine
sonar equipment and carried out
frequent cruises calling at ports in Malaya,
Borneo, Sarawak, Vietnam and Thailand.
This is. the third vessel named PANGLIMA.
She is still in service with the RSN.
358
/THfl)_RIGINS I
On 1- _ January 1959; the Royal Malayan
Navy (RMN) wa_s administratively and
operationally _t ransferred from the British
· Government in Singapore to the Govemmenr
of Malaya.
"PANGLIMA" joins the MRNVR
PANGL/MA - at Launch
PANGLIMA - Today
r- \ -
-~' clL:11_. j •.;
·•-..-...;.,_:"_; ...:._·:•:--..
Swans -di( parade
Q n 1_6 ~ebruary _1963; i:~e _ Federa~ion ot
- Malaysia came mto bemg and S\ng~pore
_became a stat_e .. of Malaysia; On that day the
Royc\l Malayan Navy came to be known as
.the Royal Malaysian· Navy. At_ :ari impressive
ceremony held qn 22 September I 963, the
Singapore Divisio11 of the MRNVR, including
the Singapore Womens Au_xiliary Naval Service
(SW ANS), were. formally transferred from the.
command of the Royal Navy to that of th<!
Royal Malaysian Navy, becoming the Singapore
Division ,of the Royal Ma.laysian Naval
Volunteer Reserve (RMNVR).
From October 1963, the · 1ndonesian
".Confrontation'' forced the pace pf RMN
expansion. This expansion was riot ·enough
to cope with the threat and reservists from
the RMNVR were called up for full time
service. In April 1964 PANGLIMA was
put on seaward defence patrolling the Singapore
Strait. ·
A 9et to9ether of RMNVR in the 60's
6
/THE ORIGINS I
Q n 9 August 1965,. Singapore separat~d
from Malaysia to form an i_ndependent
anchovereign nation within the Commonwealth ..
A tran~ition~l period took. .place for
· the handing over of the RMNVR to the Singapore
government. These arrarigerrients were completed
in December 1965. On 1· January 1966 its
name was once again changed to the Singapore.
Naval ·volunte.er Force (SN VF). The command
-of the SNVF was taken over by the Ministry
of Interior and Defence. In the absence of a,
regular navy in Singapore, the SNVF was
charged with the responsibility of carrying
out the duties normally expected <>f a navy.
Its three vessels were. recommissioned as the
Republic of Singapore Ships (RSS). The
vessels were RSS SINGAPURA, RSS BEDOK
and RSS PANGLIMA. RSS PANGLIMA and
RSS BEDOK, a police patrol craft taken over
by the SNVF, undertook patrols in the Singapore
Straits on anti-smuggling duties and the p·rotection
of fishing vessels and other small craft.
In May 1967, after many .months of
preparations, the first step towards the formation
of the Singapore Navy was taken when, at a
historic ceremony held at Ielok Ayer Basin
on 5 May 1967, .the Singapore Naval Volunteer
Force ensign was hoisted for the ·first time.
Its headquarters was also ·shifted to Pulau
Blakang Mati (no,v Sentosa); The first
Commander was LTC JASWANT SINGH
GILL who took appointed on I Dec~mber 1_967.
• I ,J:/
;' ~ [
; ',;
'. '.
• f
... / i· . . ,:-
Birth of the Sin9apore NA VAL FORCE
\
5 MAY 1967
359
360
EARLY
DEVELOPMENTS
I n 1?68, the Singapore Naval Volunteer
Force (SNVF) was re-designated the
People's Defence Force (Sea) under the
Sea Defence Command (SOC). At the close
of that year, the SOC was re-named the Maritime
Command (MC), the fore-runner of the Navy
of today.
On 31 December 1968, L TC J ASW ANT
SINGH GILL, relinquished his command to
L TC MOHAMMED SALLEH who took
office till 31 July 1969. MAJ C.V. DENNIS
succeeded LTC SALLEH and commanded
the Navy from l August 1969 to 31 August
1970.
On 1 September 1970, the leadership of the
Navy was passed on to MAJ JAMES AERIA.
He was to.hold office for the next five years.
In the decade following the establishment
of the Maritime Command, the Naval service
grew in stature to become a trim but effective
fighting force.
t,-• ;~ ··•
·-~------- (
j _J
COL KHOO ENG AN
7
/EARLY DEVELOPMENTS/
Arrival of RSS INDEPENDENCE in Sin9apore
J n order to carry out its duties of sea~ard
defence effectively, the Maritimt! Command
went on an expansion programme. An order
was placed with Vosper Thornycrpft (Ship:
builders) u:K. for six patrol craft (PC) at. a.
total cost of S$30 million. Of these,
two (RSS INDEPENDENCE and RSS
SOVEREIGNTY) were constructed in UK
in 1969. The remaining ships '(RSS FREEDOM,
RSS JUSTICE, RSS DARING and RSS
DAUNTLESS) were constructed locally,
the last being delive·red in 197 l.
To man the expanding fleet the Navy
increased recruitment. This included National
Servicemen in intakes which .star.red in 1969.
y
t
l
r
~<.'0' ,"'' • ,
~ --- .--~-~•-.--,_,.:,
RSS INDEPENDENCE
,lrrival of J{SS .Sf,I WOLF
fleet .expansi.o~ continued . in 1971 wh.en
a S$160 m11lron order was placed with
Lurssen Werft of West Germany for six Missile
Gunboats (MGB) equipped with Gabriel
missiles. The first two of th.ese 45m long
ships, RSS SEA WOLF and RSS SEA LION
were constructed in Germany and, the rest,
RSS SEA D~AGON, RSS SEA TIGER, RSS
SEA HAWK and RSS SEA SCORPION, in the
'Singapore Shipbuilding and Engineering
Pte ltd (SSE). The first missile firing took
place in 1974 onboard RSS SEA WOLF.
RSS SEA WOLF
3611
362
/EARLY DEVELOPMENTS/
, ..
t
i- ~30 £~~:::
. i
; '-----'----------··"-------- ··-,
RSS MERCURY Q ther naval :ships acquired during this
· decade of expansion in the. Navy included
the RSS: ENDEAVOlIR, an ex-Dutch river
boat, ·RSS ENTERPRISE, an ex-cargo ship
a:n·d two ex-:us Minesweepers, RSS MERCURY
a!'ld RS.~ JUPITER: Ocean going capahil\ty ":as
a~hieved whcn (ivc .ex-US Landing Ship Tanks
(LST) were acquired het,veen 1971 and i 976.
They included the RSS ENDURANCE, RSS
EXCELLENCE, RSS INTREPID, RSS
RESOLUTION and ·RSS PERSISTENCE.
By the end of the decade an order was placed
for twelve Coastai Patrol Craft (CPC) to he
huilt locally. The addition of the CPC squadrons
was . intended to better enable the RSN to
fulfil its role of coastal defence.
RSS ENDEAVOUR
Commissionin9 the LSTs into service
r -· .
RSS INTREPID
The rapidly ·expanding Navy required a
more modern base with better sμpport and
maintenance facilities than that originally
provided by Pulau Blakang Mati. A new Naval
Base was constructed in P..ulau Brani to permit
berthing of the Fleet and house Heet Headquarters,
and the :Maintenance, Supply ·and
Administration bases. It was officially opened
~y the Prime Minister MR LEE KUAN YE\V
on 26 January 1974.
'". .. -.. ,. --- -- - ---- ·•. - ~. --~----,-..
Clearin9 a vacated settlement in PU LAU BRAN I
Prime Minister, Mr Lee Kuan Yew unveilin9
.the Plaque on the occasion of the official operiin9
of PULAV BRAN/ NAVAL BASE. .9
363
/EARLY DEVELOPMENTS/
T o provide qualified personnel to man the
fleet and -support bases, the navy established
various training schools. On I fcbruary 1969,
the School of Maritime Training was officially
opened in Pulau Blakang. Mati by the Permanent
Secretary to the ·then Ministry· of lnt~ri_or ·and
Defonce The schC:>ol catered· for_ the tr:aining
of Combat :non -c-orr1missioned officers
(NCOs) in ·seamanship, Communications.,
Gunnery ar1<l Radar Plotting. It was re-sited
to Jal an Bahar· Camp in Jurorig for a short
spell and again; to Sembawang Camp. (then
Terror Barracks} on J-5 December 197_1..
Dr Goh Kenn Swee, rhe Minister for Defence
vi.~icinn SNT in }ALAN BAHAR CAMP
IO
The main par_ade around at PllLAll BLAKANG·
MAT/ wich voluni:eer.s reportin,q at cli\'isions
The School of Marcime Traininn in TJ-:RROR
BARRACKS
I I
364
/EARLY DEVELOPMENTS/
J n September 1970, the Maritime. Command
inherited .a Diving Centre located at
Sembawang Camp. · The unit became
responsible for the training of divers (or the
Navy and the training of bomb disposal;personnel
for the Army. ·
A .Maritime Technical Training Sc:;hool
was established on I March 1972 to train
technical personnel to maintain equipment
and ships. _It was originally located at Seletar
West Camp but later moved to the new naval
base at. Pulau Brani on 12 August 1974.
From 1968, the Navy sent personnel
to overseas training institutions to meet its·
requirements for qualified naval officers.
On l April 1974, the Midshipman School was
established. The School currently undertakes
both Midshipman and advanced officer training,
On i April 1975, the ·singapore Armed
Forces (SAF) established its 3 component forces
into distinct services and the Republic of
Singapore Navy ·came into being. By that time,
the_ Navy had developed into an effective
fighting force .to fulfil .its role· of the seaward
defence. of .Singapore.
On November 1.975, LTC JAMES
AE~IA harided over .the .appointment of
Commander· RSN to the then LTC KHOO ENG
AN. COL KHOO retired as Com.mander
o~_ I March 1985 .. Icle was succeeded _by COL
JAMES LEO CHIN LIAN, the present
Commander;.
-:.' ._
l --- ---- --- -·
;/, ,_·:;
~--.:---_· -----~-·--.-....-.-,----. - -
Nara/ Divin.q Cencre in SfMBA WA,\:G C-IMP
Trainin9 _School in
Midshipman Schc>QI in .its pre:~cm premi,-; :.-; ·i11
,S~MB.'IIVANG CAMP
11
Annex 57
Malaysia's Note EC 8/2003 dated 14 Jan 2003

15-JAN-2003 09:15 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS P.03/13
EC 8/2003
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia presents its compliments to the High
Commission of the Republic of Singapore and has the honour to refer to the collision
between the Dutch registered container vessel, ANL Indonesia and the Singapore Naval
vessel RSS Courageous at approximately 2330m hrs on 3 January 2003 at 01 21.3'N
104 24.6'E.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs wishes to convey its sympathies on the loss of life
resulting from the collision. However, the Government of Malaysia protests the violation
of Malaysia's territorial waters around the Malaysian island of Pulau Batu Puteh by the
Singapore Naval Vessel RSS Courageous at the time of the collision. The Government
of Malaysia reminds the Government of the Republic of Singapore that the lighthouse
was constructed on Pulau Batu Puteh for the purposes of navigational safety. The
constant presence of Singapore enforcement vessels in the vicinity of Pulau Batu Puteh
is a navigational hazard and is contrary to the purpose of establishing and maintaining a
lighthouse on Pulau Batu Puteh.
In view of the fact that the collision has taken place in Malaysian territorial
waters, the Malaysian Marine Department had immediately after the incident.
commenced investigation into the circumstances of the incident. In this regard the
Government of Malaysia calls upon the Government of the Republic of Singapore to
declare the circumstances leading to said collision and to furlher declare whether there
is any hazardous material that may have been leaked as a result of this collision. The
form entitled 'Report of a Shipping Casualty' from the Malaysian Marine Department is
enclosed herewith. Said form is to be filled by the Officer Commanding the RSS
Courageous at the time of the incident and is to be returned forthwith to the Malaysian
Marine Department through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. The Government
of Malaysia reaffirms that Pulau Batu Puteh is Malaysian territory, the airspace over
0534 P.03
365
366
15-JAN-2003 09:16 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS P.04/13
Pulau Batu Puteh and the surrounding waters are part of Malaysia's airspace and the
waters around it are part of Malaysia's territorial and maritime waters as depicted in the
Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf Boundaries of Malaysia Map of 1979.
The Government of Malaysia reiterates that the presence of Singapore
enforcement vessels in the vicinity of Pulau Batu Puteh is a constant danger to
navigational safety and does nothing to further Singapore's claims before the
International Court of Justice. The Government of Malaysia calls upon the Government
of the Republic of Singapore to immediately withdraw all Singapore vessels from the
vicinity of Pulau Batu Puteh.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia avails itself of this opportunity to renew
to the High Commission of the Republic of Singapore the assurances of its highest
consideration.
Singapore High Commission
KUALA LUMPUR
~~-J~N-2003 17=28
Putrajaya, 14 January 2003
0534
P.04
15-JAN-2003 09=16 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS P.05/13
Invcstigstiou into tb~ Collision between Nanl Ship RSS Co~geaus and Coataille:r
Ship ANL h.doaesia olf tbe South Coast of'Malaysia
Accollllt gj.vcn by the Officer in Comm.md and the Offic:e:r Charge of the ll3Vigat:ional watch
sbould cover the following information.
l. Function and ocperiC'llce on board.
2. State 3nd condition of the sea and weather aod tha St,lle of visi"bility a? lhe lime of
incident
3. His wh.ereaboui:s 31 the time of the accident.
4. Acrion and reaction during the accident
5. Condition of lbe ship mciuding the n.:ivigational equipment
6. Damages and losses suffered.
7. P~nel were pl3Ced on navigatiocal watcli :i.t the time of the a.c.cid.ent.
8. Standing ordl!lS on navi~tion.sl duties.
0534 P.05
367
368
15-JAN-2003 09=16 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS P.05/13
Investigstiou into tbe Collision between Nanl Swp RSS Cour:igeous and Coat:aiDe:r
Ship ANL hdoaesia off tbe South Coast of'Malaysia
Accoutrt given by the Officer in Co.inm.ind aD.d the Officer Charge of the oavigation.ll wau:b
should cover the following infotmation.
l. Punction aod experience on board.
2. State snd condition of the sea and we:athe:t and the ~e of visioility al the lime of
inc::iderrt.
3. His whereabouts at the time of the accident.
4. Action and reaction during !he ai:cidcit
5. Condition ofme ship mcludil\g the n:ivigational eq~pment
6. Damages and losses suffered.
7. J>~..onnel were pl3.Ced on naviganooal v;au:h :lt the time of the a.ecident
8. Standing orders on navigaticxn.sl duties.
1~-JPs-2e~3 1?:29 053.!;
'f Ill-
P.05
15-JAN-2003 09=16 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS
2~. Iu:a d:dala.m Pclabuhan 'Nya.talan Sarna.ch Scdang Memuar, Mcrn1muah. 0ipcrbailci :s~ Seb3gain)'a.
I/;,, port ,tare 'Mlhl/l,u lot1t!1rrz. wsJaodillf? uNlu ...:par, o, ar>1c,s
25. Tuilth dan Waktu 26. Keadll8l\ PilSilng SuNt Air 27. Ke-a~n Cu.acil d.,.n Atmos!cr
DCie or.d 1i111c Stat11 aftid.r
28. Ar.ih dan Keku:11an Angjn
Dirtcl/o,s aruiforcc o/..,,bfd
30. Bilang.m M:u,g.sa
Ni.ml,,:, of..,lcrirns
a. b. Cc:~.
.Korban /ltju,td
Ocad
Bil:icgan Nyaw;i ~g discl;un.;itkan dan Dcngin
Cara Apa
N11Mhcr a/'H>1u ~a-,d and t,y ..,liar nv:a,u
32 B1IB11g:u> Nyawa Tet\:.orban
Nll>llbtr of ln1t1 /alt
a. Anu
bpal
C,c.,
St<Jt,:; of..,corlll!r ar.d 01ma10M~
29. JC£adaal\ Laut dan
Ombalc
StaJt of Sta an,J :rwtll
b. P:nump.uig
Pas:unscn
C. Hila.ng
MiniJit
33. Jika Salv:ij Dibui, NyaW."';lQ Olch Sia?a dv, S.i,:i:.da Oib3yar Atas Sa!vaj aB'J Kadar Bia.sa
If sab,cgr r11idertd. SIOJe b), wlu,m 11nd -.,he th.er p,aid for 01 :10/vog,: ~ ordinary NJlcs
34. C.ititan Kcmal~;i.n (sc-rtalc-'JI 111~ ~tas sebab cbn sam;ic!a. ianys. bcleh di::laltka.'l)
,fr,:ounl of ,:os,.olty f,,,,'1J, ,c,,10,kr as ro CCJJJS< ond .,..1,,,1,,, it crru]d hcvc ~t:r. <IVoiJ,d)
053<;
L-6
369
P.07/13
P.07
370
15-JAN-2003 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO
. . AG CHAMBERS
BUTIR - BlITJ.R VESEL DAN KAR GO (l.si1'2n uatak se111 Q.\ ~.1,
Portics,lor:, ofvuul otUJ t:Drta (10 he filled/or all c<ZJU)
36. Dm (meter) DrafH;d.lpan Bebkso:
Drd,q:ht (mctu) fo,.,.,ard A/I
l),aufht
37. Nama, nombcr. 12rikh dan penerbit cMta yan.g
di~unaluln scm:1.u kcrnalaJ'lgan dan bil:ing.1n
pemhetul:w. bcsu dan i.~i) tc:rakhir
Title, ,w,n.}ler, dote a11d p,11,/i.tJ,u of tJic clio,, ill IISL al IM
n·,,..J: of tht r:os1111ll)I and rwmbr:r of //re 1/J.Jr IIJr:r Dr.d slfl&l/1
r:o"a1io11
38. Bi!D.ngan lc.ompas. Acblrah didalam kead~ y3og (a) Komp,:is Gyro
mcmuasbn? Cyro compou
Nllmbcr o/ compoua W"'c Jhry l11 good ord.t.r?
(b) l(ompas );fagriet
Mos,ulic comooss
39. Ad~ bwgi:ui-bahagian !cargo yang boleh -
mc.agganggu komp:as?
Could o,ry po,r of cor!2'o trfrccr 4")1 camocus?
L-7
La-J~~-2223 17:3a
053<::
=tf 13-
P.08
371
15-JAN-2003 09:15 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS
40. ;-.chlc4h kch:n~lupan pc:nyclamat ayawa di:uu bp.il
mcnurut kcpccluan $~ ?
Wt1,1 lne lift sv,/nt qplid"ll:o' in a«ordanre ..,,;,h Viti
SIOIU/0,V rco11i,emui1S?
t.1. Bil,.i.ag:m 111?,ngiln lcedap ~ir
/>lllltlbcr of.,.01c,1i,:J11 comr,o,:,,.,:nl
42. Adaxa.b ruat\!;an ~but berguna didabm kes ini 7
Did thcv r,,o~, of we i,r rJiu et:3t!?
43. Adskah kcll!llgkapan pcmadam api diaus kapal
menurut kcpcrluan stitlls?
Wue tlv fvc oppf,onr:a .,,. board;,. a:corda11::e wirli W
:r,,,r,,,tor,, ,equiretMnti"
44. K:1130 dan/atau balast:
Corgo alldlor baJJast
a) Jcnis d.a.ojunuah Jr:.irgo dw:iuu balast dibaw.i.
rypc and 9u.anrlty of C'"7IO aNJlor balliut carried
b) Temp:a.t dibaw:i
W"4rr ii w.u t!orrl,d
45. Jika :araagbatU dibawa scbapi pembakar diltldang, -
Bagaimac.akah bunlcet cfipennginbn ?
If cool wcu CJJrricd as ftoiltr f,uJ. IID- ... ,, the 611nkJ:,.s
~1"1'/ored?
.;s, Adal...ih J.:ea.dann kcscluruhan vcscl mcmuaslcan?
w ... the w:ztrl wtllfowu:l in o)I respecl?
47. Ad.uah mutan di.aw gela.dak vescl?
Had -.cr.~I o deck {oar/?
.4S. Jib balak. :Ida~ mmur.u kcperluan star:us?
If of lim~r. was ii is ii, ac:cordtvlcc tt1ltn di,: sl6.f1<IO,Y
~q11.irt-"1?
49. Adalcab ves,el melebihi m~?
Wa.f 1hc vessel onrloatkrf? - 50. Adwh k~o dis.imp.an deogan beiul'?
Wdl till! COl'~O O•Dpt!r}y Sttl'Wct/?
51. Jilca memba-.i. brgo bijfan, 2dsk3.h disimpan
men 1.1 rut pera.tU:.ln?
Jf .,uzel haJ o s;,aitt cargo. waJ' ii SJo•ud in a,:eord,,ni:c
with tk Sloflllor,, rtoulr~=111.r?
52. Jika vesel munbawa lcQrgo arangbatu, a:13):ah se:m1.1a
pallc:i penuh diisi. Jin rid!k nymkan ru.a.ag:m yang
kosong ba;i ti~tiap pallta. B3g;iimanakah palli:.l
d.i pcnni; in le.an 7
If coal cargo, "Were all holds co"lpldt:/y full, if""' 1101,
copadry of space t~fl /,i each Jiol&. How •en: lto/ds
Y<ntllotrd?
53. KC.'lda.3ll cuaca sc1Dasa kiriman
Slate of'l't:othe>' al,;,.,. of t1iipmertl?
A l:
54. Apa.k~ jc.nis b.lntll1111 pc:lay.u-ai &:I pah'llbuJ\g:,in Ru!u
)'Jllg dibawa. dan y.:mg c!igunabn sebctum Occc:a l-i a vig-a:or
kcualmgzn beclalcu'? Radio Din:~an Findc:r
(Tandakan di:lalam petak. A kalau dibawa dan dalam Echo Sound~
pelak B kalau digunakan) At..-tomatic: Steering
MF Radioteletnph
lllllat n:r,ig~lione/ en:/ o:,mmunicelion akh - e:Jtriod and 'MF' F:.adiotelr:phcne
)rhich ~,, in use p1ior lo the cmv.Jl(Y? VHf .Radiotelephone
{lnstrt in bar A ifcarritd arid us be# 8 ifin 'IUr!) Lairi-1.ain (narnwn)/01h.c!,., (name
r/,e,nJ
L-8
0534 P.e9
372
15-JAN-2003 09:17 FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS
5.5. Ny!Qlr:an skeljanlc r3da.r)'~ diguna~o sebch1m
Jccmal311gan.
S111tt: rodar '""I• ,colc i,, ••U prior lo the t:1111,1.olty,
DUTJR- BUTIR Y A,.NG Dl'Pi:RLUJ<AN UNTUK 'KES VESEL TERXANl>AS
1'11r1,·c,,Jo,1 nouirtd fo, 111,andi11r
56. Jika .fil:$ Dccc:a N!vigstor dipcroleh~ nyaukan
b~ Decomctcr.
J/ Dot:t:11 l(,z,,1r1110, fa: obtGiMd. lllllr dct:otnelcr rcodiri.e
57. Apl)Qh dan pac:b. waktu bcnpa &and.a dara.can,
marw arau boya i:c.rakhir kelihatan? Nyatalcnn
Wl\Ada GMT al21l wutu tempmn..
W>toz and 111 wlu,r tilft# 1t11trr IN lllSl liuuimork. buico11 or
b11oy vuilt~? Stlllt wMJMr CMT or loetll tin•c.
58. Ad.)bh 1anth-Unch iui kelih2t2n dcng3n scbe:n:u
a.tau meblui r.idar'? Bct'ibn gal.u ke:lih:Itan at:iu
jank ~ z~as r.idar. w.,, 1Jiu1 .,arJu 1u11 dirt:etly or by rodar? C1',c 'ttilMCI
btaritrg or rad,,, ralfges a,s;/ bto,v,&&-
59. Ad3ltah g3w dipc:roh:'hi daripa.:ia. "13tan..'i at.ill
stcsyen pcnQZl :arah ? Jib ya. nyaali:an galas yan,:
diperolehi. (NyatibT\ ~mada gaits sdalah scbcnar.
'lcompas axau be:mubut1gac)
IYcrt b1ta.ri,v:1 obtainul fro"' GIi)' brllt:OrT .0, 4fvtcliott
futdi:r Staliorc? If SO, s1ote uarlnt obt4inul. (Sia~
wlse:l,er /,corinn o~ tr11c. 4:4,rrpo.ss or re/alive J
60. Bcr:ip:i lama .sebe:IUJD tcrbnd:l.s ~p3bila galas
dipc:rolchi?
H-lo,ig bt/ort sJl'tJNlir.g .,,.t~ ~ariJll! obtainc,P.
61. H:id cbhzn p;ilU bli pemma da.n tct'2Jc.iir
-sounding".
~otJo or r.,..1 oNl 14.rt souttdh,e.
62. Hahw1 kcmudi apabila kc:C1.:tlang.in ballku.
Count s1urir~ wls.11 ~IIZMalry NJDMncd.
63. Kcbjll311 sc:tU~ vc:scl tc:rk.anclas,
Speed 01 ti- t¥{:rtro.n.rr.rw.
64. Ar.lh 11:.c:pab vesel selepas tcrbcdas.
Di,~ctio,. of'.,uul"s >iu:d a~ruro11ding.
65, Adakah. kan.ila.ogan disc:babkan oleh hal2.ngsn y:1ng
tia.,ic dic:ambn?
W<1S the u1.niolzy dw: lo on -,:Joor/Id obJ/J'IJl:.tio,r?
DUTIR • BUTIR Y 4'NG DTP£R.LUXAN \JNTUK KES PELANGGARAl'l
Portlcvlo,s '~'jllircdfor callisi"t>1u
· 1. Hal~n ves~ :scm~ vi:.sel yang k.e.dv2 k.ciih~!m
C.0ur1' ofo.,.,,. ..,~n«J .,.,1u,,, 01>:•r ....,ucl wasjir,1
ob.ur,,cd.
cl . .Kclaju:in vcsel scroa.s:i .,,esel lcedu:,. lcdihitan.
Speed of vuJ:J .,,.hu o1ltcr vend ..,as first o!:Jtn,cd.
68. Ap:sbh
rtJiar•cu
(a) galas vc.scl yang kc:dua semasa lceJi'qun?
be.lJMg of oll,e, w:s:s~ .. hen 6~t obs9Nod?
(b} &~135 dui j:ir~ vesc:J y:in; kc:du:,. sc:m:1.2 mula
kclihallln did.llam n<m?
btoring and ,a~ of otlrrr llf!Mtl when frnt obsernd by
,odor?
69. Wama l3mpu at:su. bmpoJ•l3.mC>U vesel Y31'1( 'kcd~
l~-J~N-2003 17:30 0534
.
l-~
P.10/13
-
-
·-
?.10
S-JAN-2003 09=1? FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO
St:11'1:u=i mwii keliluua11 d:in ber.:ipa bn,:a scbclurn
pcl.2118gar2n?
Colour oflighJ Qr ligliu of 01hrr11~sscl/v11 ltlll and"-
to .. ~ btfort IM t:ollisio11?
H;i.h.1.&n vc:scl yang kcdua srm.:s.s:t lll\lla lcelihaaa?
Nyaw;an b:igaim3.0:i dipuolcru; clan pandanian
m:iu au'J dvi ba.c:i:in nd:ir?
Course of olhu YUltl whrn fi,s1 obsu,,erl? Store how
obu,,·n~d; visuolly or by ,odor?
H.u\la.n kc:p&a \lcse.l .scndiri se.ma.sa pcbngg;,nn.
Di,rc,ion of__, YCUCl'6 lic:ad Cl 1i111c: ef c,,llision
Adabh enjin ... csc, $Chdiri dipcrl:ili.:inlcan :i:au
dib!ther.tibn"l Bcril..m butir-butir.
Wtrc ine~ of ""'" vuul 3/-d or 11opp•tf? G""
pcrcic:,.fars.
Kebjuan vest! sendiri ap3bila pcla:ogg= berl;u:u.
0,.,11,pcc,dwf,t!JI ~llisiOlt loo/i:ploC'«·
A.dakah 12inpu-tampu dip~ dcng~ beNI dan
dirunjuk da.n Se!l'llb0}"2n bbus discdfalaL,\ menlD'\lt
penT\•ran 7
w,,. ),u proprrl,- /111cd 011d sir_,. on.d fog sisnaf3
,, .. ,tk ;;, oc:co,d,,- ..,;,>, ~"'lori"o"lS?
Adaicah vesel yang kedu:l rncmberibn llamAnya dan
bcrsi.ip-scdi:1 .selep.is peh,.agg:inn, mcnurut
)ceperl=n status?
Did 1Jrc ol~r vessel gr,,t: ltcr name and 11011db,- a/Ur I~
c:oJliz;on i11 CJ:Cori.anc:c with IAc staJUlo,y ~qi,,·r,-n.r:s?
N3m.3, L:eralcya.it&i, pal~uh.:.n d.3A 11QI0bor r.uroi
vc.scl kedWI yang sc:rlibat'?
Na-. 11Dt1'0,ralit:,, par/ and officio/ ,,,.,,,i,,:, of othrr
..,~,:~/.'
BV'IlR.-BUTl.R YANG DTPERLUl<.AN UNTUK KES KARAM
Parri"t:lll,vs nq.,ircdfo, /o,,Nlcr,ncs
A.dal::ah enjin UClJoa ros11lc sebclun, lcuram7
Did 1J,c "'oin r,,gine b~alc Jow,./luc:ar,,c ir.opo,atlvt
i,e/o,t fowfllk,i'l?.?
Adu-, ,;e.1t lcemudi ro,P.lc sebclum ve.scl lc:.iram
Did, . ... ,·tc:•ring gra, brrok d-,,;bec:01nt: ;,. aptroli••
bt/ort fou1Uicrlnsr?
Ad:ilwl p1.-n-p:11n )Qpal ros:ik $Gbc:lu.m lc~p~ br:lm:'
Hod""" oflJir .st 's pumps bnr.al: dow,.tb,co"'4 ,·,.
Of'erariv, bc/011: OtJnduinx?
Tuilc.!:! d:m wa1ct1.1 )cebocornn bcrlu;u ~u YC:SCI
roengbdspi bllt yang bergelor:i.
Dace: and>,,,...,,. of sprlrrging l.,ol or ef vc.ssd shippi"J
Jwo,,yuas.
H.lluan pe~araa scbtlum Jaip;u ltaram7
Cou,u sttcrc,d ,:m'o,-10 \IU$el (ov'111Urine?
K2d..l.a:i pch~an sej\U'\LS sebc\um k.ap.11 lc:ar:am.
CJ)c,,,rJla'ICU of IJic v~ lm-.diotc/;y p,cccdi'lg the
fu,,ndc,'inr.
Maldumat rncngcuai Lan:lc:t.h-langk:,h )'ang diarnbil
\lntuk rncneel~ kap:1\ b.r.un.
Dtlails of ,~,aswu raun 10 prr:vrnl thtfOIP'ldt,i~.
~-J~N-2003 1?:31 eS34
373
AG CHAM3ERS P.11/13
-
L-10
,0J1v
· F.11
374
FROM MFAOPSCENTRE TO AG CHAMBERS
L.:impirari
B'CJTIR- BUTIR YAl"JC DJP!:RLUKAN lJNTUK J<ES • K£.S KEDAKARAN
/>anbl<JrS N(lkilcdfor Ji••
84. B3h~:an dia~ lapa! din.=a ktb~D. bc:tlalcu.
Part of.1hi::, wlrt:,,: lire hrou out.
85. Pu~ yan:; mun;lcin telui nu:ngaltib~
\:eba'lcar.1n.
P,obablr ,:aMJI! of/ire.
as. Surnber cecair yan,s muclu teri>akar jib bcrl(en=.
Probablt o•i,:i" orn,,,.,,,,ablr /iqwd,. i/oDplicablt.
S7. Ketcl'3Jlgan mrnge-n:i.i kaosaka..'I.
Dcr:zt"iprion of domal{c.
;s. Smilctur peliadun;an kebabnn (Ccri1alc3n
bc.r\teli:wi scb:3n pinN. gelad:u. dlL Ya.ng wian :api
di:eluruh k:aw;isan y:ang m~bmi lcebzlcaran)
S,n,crural fire prolrCIJOlf (1,rtdfy describe~ ~u:.rdbtg
end .-uiJ1i11g btil~41b: doors.. dtclu etc. tla,or.zh ,~
-..,/tole o,~a ,:fluted b,- r,n)
;s. C:u-a pcnic:san api ditcmpat lc:ebakann.
Fi,,: d~ln:liun mttli.,.J al .rile 1,1/fv"
Otom.arik
Awo=lic:
La.in-lam can
Oihcrs
....
lO. Abe pcm.ulam :ipi 1c1.ap:
F'dtd/J,c Uli'l$"ish,,,g ;,utallat:o,u:
- dilcmpat kebaklirm
• at site of fire
lcaw.u:in s;c:kcliling
• odio:::r:111 area
l. Alat pcmad:un api Y3ng digunak= di:itas kapal
(foasn, kimi;i lc:cring. CO2, .ur. wap dll.)
S>iip ·s f,n uJi,r~i,Ji~ c9utp,.,MJ IJJC (loom. dry
c~cwcul. CO:, water. 11ca"1 etc.)
Tet2p (fa)
Mucuhn (portable)
2. K.e:s3n ti.:u:labn yung d.iambil oleh an11'c bp:al u:ntu\c
mem.~:ipi.
E 1tvcnc:is of oclion lo.kn bv crew le, uli,,J:Mish fin ..
Uatolongan ynng ditcrima dari lu:ir d.Jnjeais yane
digUD:ikan. ( J~b:itan B0111'b:l & Pc:nycbmac, Kapa!
lain dan la:in•l:iin)
o .. uid& ouiJJON:c ,:;.,r,, ar-d rM eq1<1pmct11 us,d (Fir, iS:
Rut:mt D~Darlm<r.t. Other YCS:rd c:tc:) ~
'• Mu;i diambil i:ntuk mernadam api
Time 1ou11 tofiglufire:
Mc:n~a...,31 (to conJrot)
Mc:m.ldam (10 r:::tirr=ishJ
;_ Sipoosis
Syr,,rosis
:. Pcmcrha.tian
Obsvvatio,,.,
1. Klassifi!Qsi
Classification -
L- 11
es:;a P.12
15-JAN-2003 09:19 FROM MFADPSCENTRE
Tnndatang311 da.n n:uns pembe-:-i ~)clum:it di a1:a.s.
Signa111rt p,ui n0'"'1 of pcrsotl pro..:d/ng rht dbov~
iefornt41io,r.
TO AG CHAMBERS
••••••••••• .. ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••u••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
.. .............................................................................. ········
T:i.rilch:
············· .. ····• .................................................................... .
Darr
Tandat~-an dan rwna Pcn.erima Wrek, i'egaw;ii Konsu.L Pegawai Laut atau Pemcrik:sa Kapa! J.lba.tY\ Laut
Signar.,rc tVld 114mc o/ lteccivv of H'rtc.l:. Couvl Officu. Morine Officer or .S,m,eyor of Shlp.1 r,/ Ma,rrv: f>rpo,IJnent
T:arilch:
Do,;e
l'lc:'"?A co-.,
l• 1Z.
/.2 J )..-
TOTAL P.:3
P. 13
TOTAL P.13
375

Annex 58
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore Press Release on
Collision between M V. Everise Glory and M V. Uni Concord
dated 4 June 2005

News Releases
Home Join us Sitemap Contact Us Search Terms of Use Privacy Statement
M PA.
-Port Development -Industry Development -Manpower Development
-Safety & Environment -Maritime & Port Security -Circulars & Notices
INFO CENTRE > NEWS RELEASES > 2005
~ Print 1B] Em.iii
04-06-2005
COLLISION BETWEEN CONTAINER SHIP AND BULK CARRIER
OFF HORSBURGH LIGHTHOUSE
At about 1150 hrs on 4 Jun 05, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
(MPA) received a report from the Taiwan-registered container ship, Uni Concord,
(12,405 GT) that she had collided with the Malaysia-registered bulk carrier,
Everise Glory (13,519 GT). The bulk carrier sank a~er the collision. The Incident
occurred outside the Singapore Strait, about 14 km northeast of Horsburgh
Lighthouse.
MPA Is co-ordinating the search and rescue operation. There were 24 crew
members on the Everlse Glory. 23 were rescued by vess~ls belonging to the
Republic of Singapore Navy, the Police Coast Guard and a passing fishing trawler
that was in the vicinity. Two crew members were reported injured. The search is
continuing for one crew member still missing.
The Uni Concord sustained damage to her bow and Is in stable condition. There
was no Injury reported to the crew members of the Uni Concord.
The Uni Concord had departed the Port of Tanjong Pelepas and was bound for
Blntulu, Sarawak. The Everlse Glory was heading for Singapore from Western
Australia.
There was no report of any oil pollution from the two ships.
MPA has issued navigational warnings on the position of the sunken ship and
advised passing ships to keep clear and to navigate with caution. Vessel traffic
along the Singapore Strait remains unaffected.
MPA will be investigating the incident.
End of Release.
Attached:
Chartlet of incident location
http:/ /www.mpa.gov .sg/infocentre/newsreleases/2005/nr050604.hnn
About MPA
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Archive
377
Page I of I
Info Centre
{
1 ,..,<>':/·-..--3/i)'' '"• .,--•;,/ ___ ... ~;i(:J:_ . .,-~,>;-'>/ JP,/,-11
, ,,.r'.~~::<'',,,·
-f!V /; 7~ /- /✓• ( t,,, Jr / .~ rJr ~ .,,, /2J.,~ /lJJ A ,,,'• ,;;;--.._._ / :10., .~ '!, _,..r· ,,r r,.r',,,· ,.,..,.
\ / / (.J?1 'cJ "-!../ r /' -• -• .J \ ~4 .r . .f' :I" ,JI ·
IJ6 t' /, /!) ) / /Q /r' ( ~ .;~ I' ~ .ff' 76:l ~• ..,,,✓ s Ground/ • / ~•J \ -.re' ,·""' .,·' /.,.• ·
f i>
21!)
I
3/ \,.-,_'.I,.t _,.1 ,r•I ,,,,-
I
.. , r'
,.r :,;-
,/, , ..
::;1' .
! )!:
33 rt;r .,.,.r'
<:.//. ,., .. ,. .
,./'I,-
, .. r,r•r;J
,r
,.tr
I ,., .. ,,,,"·
:liJ5 ./';J·
,r:·•r•'t 2
,,. ...• :✓., .. _,,.. JJ ,r
t•f'r SI /t,'..} O~mpllnfl ',f:'i / ., ) \) ;fr,,- ,,r' _,/ ,./',_.,.· .:"·'
~- ~ t ~ I ,., , j ~ ..J / i ,1 ~ ,_..,
, • " / I j} I _,,,,. ,,f· ,r' / _,r .rI'' ,. .,,
"-•-... .J I .... I 14 I O· r'·' I ,Jf·· Jr ,," ," J·' t .,. ..... •'
~/ I 3 /. _<a-- .;r f_ Jr ;,:!• ,J .. ... - --J~-_.. ___ .,,._ _
.., I /l J?- ~ r'r--;?',, 73,1/,· ,.r
- ,.,~
J r<.;;•t'/ / ,,✓ .,,i-r'
,_,.•·". r / --- .,,-r ,, 1
'M S ,$,,
.,/·"'
,(, I I 2J /! ·?• / ,.,✓ ,,<?' .,, ..,.,.,
r
4
, ;:of 1I · ;i ~ 11 / J',, r' '"' 1~~MbfSr, ,,/ I ~ / ;/J ~· , • .,. / ,, .r .,. ,,. ,:•
I / ,i,r' ,.·V / / ,r . -" ,. -~•.,,'40
I r .,,,.:., / i-' .., sl ' ¥",.J\ .. \tt· ..
,. ( a, l ef ,t' /,," " 11 ~r;:✓s• . ,.., ,,::;;,1~•t·
•<o \,!/, . ,v.r-,_,/ ,' / ,.r r".. ,;" ' .r /,' r'.~/t'Y'
} I/,. .tf'/~ \.\ / 1 r ..t r' •JrY.4,.,_-<!,.~ ~
l:>;
JJ I ..1 .: ,, ,,
115
,,
__ ,.r;
r•
.-1;
•✓ r··Js
,.:iJ.{''
,·1M ~ b!.-Sf'J
,,,.· I 7 ------
. r,:t' L'.JS ,1 ~~ , .. -'I .,,' ~ 22,
/1 • r
✓/ 1.,./ ,,,..
)
' 2.5 ,,.r
si·'
J.15
22
}!~-
I"
,/' ,.,..
r·''
2,f5
2.1,
/ :§ll ,,_,r/ ) ,,",:.r f,,,,' ,,, ~ft_,,, •.. ,... J9 .,r ,. ... .?15
,, I 2~ .s.t l,.,, .r I' '" ,r ,,:r; ,1 i .-Jr-
/ S S• , ,~ ,/ 'i.,J' J ,r' , ~ , /\• ;/ ,./" I', ,;•
/ r.~ft- "'it}"'✓ ,, .....1 ;,J, (~ ::J:;:?_ ,,P-<-;-./ '-;?" · ~ r"-.~<~I '3't-41:,- r rr·rr "',#\, .,. '•:~ J'1) ./: .. .- ;, r'1r '''-r_-___•. ._"•" "'_._ ___. ...__~-• ~'---~-------------• ---------, ts ·' r;· r? . .,/~
29/ / 0,,, •'6 ;··::,Y ~:'~: ,, ... ·· · ,,,~5;~ ~- #/l /) _,.,.,.,.,.,.,/ Colhs1on between Um Concord and Evense Glory s ;.F' 1J·' .A,, -J• -'~vt~: :f> 44 / ,✓7. ,., "
_.4,..,-r'.r-
1--- ~ /'J . J ,,..,, f' ,,-'.;',-~ .·" ff'"),·,-,.' ,,,_._,_,.,. / ]4 / _,/ ,.r,J / ," I ,4
.,, , -:.,1: J" V ✓,:J-1 / ,S
,,_.,--· .,.r' .r,',J /~,;,.,/ ,.,J~.,r~ 'iMtJY'I ... ~~·,,f;.i~// ..tP',,,~"" .J4/ rJt ~ 1:l.f ,r? / 1·9 39,.r .,, . 47 •~r'_:·, N'' ,,,,,,.,.,./, / ,,,
/ ,,,,- rli- .rr /.rj.N /,~ ,~ ,s" 1\t'..;.r~ t ,;!,... • ,.:,,... / .. ~r-1' -..,✓ ,.. ,r,, ,,.. } Ai/., ~ .& ,, ,,. ., ,., ,J / ' \ ,r' / ,-J ,( t(' ...i-~/ . / ,.. ,..r
Date/Time: 4th June 05 at 1150 hrs
,.,,..1' tr--,.rr,a·--:'.c.r'~/ _,r ,,,- .-'' / ,,,.:;,ff·,:';. c' ~_..,, S!, .,/ ,,".,,.,- .,,,. ,., . .,.. Cl. ,r ,.r / .i- ;: ,s' ,.r ...,.--•' ,/;0:,., '\ ,, r' ,,..... / di ,r·
/ ,r / _,-,- / 35"' ,." ~r •~r / ./>!'t1•Y';/i, / :,.,- ,.---·· /,.r"' r'
..,,,...,vvs-1"1: '/..r'• / ," t;i' ,, .;': .. ~,., .J;/1.'t! ~~$71
tu I fl" ,✓J'·- ..... ...._ -=,--,,---:-,-,c---:,er'J
,.., -~•/"'" ,,,, ____ ., .,.- ,,..., .;;P·- ,.f"~'~'l,;l.)' .J.,, // ,,,.. ,17 '\_..,-,... / I _/ ""'/ /ii1;·--- •B
-'6/" r tJ ,, / ~,- . .,,- ,,?" ,-';~>~'),t.Y .r ./ s "'·'~>~4 .n-,.3 ,/. ··'"' v; ,.,. / , A _,i r,.i,. r ,r ,,: ./ .,.,;!\ )?'?~• r /' 0 / /YJ:r ' • ' ,..... .... , /4r, / ,--• I \ .. •
Position: Lat 01 ° 25' .29N Long 104 ° 29' .24E
(14 Km NE of Horsburgh Lt Ho.
,~-
, ✓ l'""'i 1 ~~P,·· 47 ✓ _,r.P":,·f. ·-v• , .. r .,,, .. . . ._ , ./ / '" .,J -' ,\el ""')-• .r'/ /·7.''5~~ •. :, ',,· I ,,,- " / ' --·· r<_r' / rs, ___ / ,;•n,,,,.""' ,,-' ,.,:_;..J ,,- -, ·.;•V':,.r-' l,. .,~ ,," ,-,· r'~.:,.) (.,.--..___,-·
~,.."/ ..r.~,....,. r1/ ,..r' ~~-f.'". -, rl-' \ ~ ,.r-J.,/ J.r ,e
1
J(J
1
..Jr ~- {:r;✓ ..,,.,..... /( ,r .. '::1-·,;;:. ·./~:,,.,· -G. > <:-,;,-'' ✓" ,,/' n 20, ,t>/ i ?c, ,.,..,.,.,-'' .r.25• / .,.~ .. r1 '-.r , •'1"i}"" •' V k ... ~ / , / '\ • r ,,,
' r..S:' ~:,.-·) ,..,,,-~ v.'.':l1/f•'· ~ ,... ·1·' ,,, - -:;::;,,l ,,.,.,. / of /--....,.,.,.,.., ,./·
9{;~~- .;-f,
17
,,, ~;;: (=Jf \' I\ ,♦, • .-."' L✓---~~ .r' / ... ~1 rJ.92;y.i" JJ."'.I,..,· J ,r,.,. , ,., ., , l .r' ,:,.. .,0',;·J J ~ ,·,,J ,. ('--/-' ,r' ,, C <~ ... ~· .r .K. • ' ,,., J " .. / - / ,, - •~ ..,,,- .. , .r" 32 r'"' / 1;8 pl' '-'.V".."'f .. t~ji · • \\ \.._ I ,'' / £-.• '"! ~~ rl'' •
I" ;' ,, ~··.,r ,').~.t··•~·-"; ;.t-" , /' 25 ,n. .r- .-~ ..,,-r' / ,.,-_~ M.cW'.' ·/ \\ ,. )" . 21, 1 ro !.,.,... .,.,. ..... -"✓ ,,...
.,., ., f'.,1 ,.,.. . , •';fl/'... , ' • ,, / Ir, ,,....... ,., I ·-~· - • • /,. < .::,: x,- , .,. ✓,,- ,n ;'1, c;;;--, __ ., , .... __ ,. .. : ,.,.r , • Sf.!.;"lof:<' .r r , ,r SJ// .,.,,; • . Z.1
5
t,... r .·,~:,' }/ f V, ~• .'7 ,; J - -•f>', ,,J.J '. --. 20, ~--:;..,£, .-'. .... -' • ••-19- .-;•; y~ fr' 55 ,-f (,] .,. '/,rl,1r· ,,, 2,; //81 } ,; .r _..,,~• ~pr}- .~_,, _ Jo-'.,.,,,... f rr'Z ·?"'~~~.:~ _ ,,.( .. / ,.;--"' ~,,-__ _,..-- 0 _..,t,--., \ ... J ,.,.r·~ -~· -·- r., .r 2.3, ~--✓ t
5
, _,.,.,..- • 1
' ,,,;,; <';· -;,,. •.- ··er--, • ,i. U u -· ·' .!' / -· • :;.,• •• --.._
.,.r I ---~~-,~.-~. (.=:. ,.r G.-~--~.~ !~ r / l _.,.,:.--·- ....... ~w"•'-------i I" •• rr' \ ti f,, ... -- #..,.rl ~ / '
h:.'F/;,r.,;/;', .,J' V ••,,t•, '~J •-=---15J•r--::--....,,-)-7/) • .ff; r' / ,.,.-r ..... .../ 14 ,.r'"" / .,/ "i;;,;·.❖.F::~,/--\) --.. , -Roconl0i6'ki0<.m1{11r,)l.::-"i'fl.l1!'0
, 'f8 ,.francnt.1, '/ I ,J ,1·"s .?15 / ,,.,J• -~ .. ----, f ✓ f,.f:½rJ ~:,-
1 <'"' ,:• f110o31rnl0Mio, r1 l~" 0 1 .------· / i .r' ,. .J _,.,.,..,.,..,.- _,_. U _,.r-
{(,A-L )/ ,r" f ORSBVR~cl· ~?;) ~-. 14. -- \,_ ,,,,, ,., / ,,,.r' ~,, _,.,-,·" 16; 16, .. -..rft, /-- ..,.,.,.,✓- ! / ., ('\ ,r' /;, IGlH~~'<Mll.?9~ '.,/ ··• •:J.-. .. ,._/ , ,--\ _,,. . ..,..~ ~-1• / .,.,-, 1/o·
• .,. 5\9 \/ ,es; ,,"t ----ci#:') s.,...,.,,,,,J:;•·--- ... __ I }(>, ~?.:J,-'r ,:/5 .,.,..~..,.,r./> -"'""'.,...,... I __,,r' /
)\ ~ ,,-s H.,r. 1'-·•14 r 11,.-61-?'~~7,.t, . JO/J .-_,.I'....... ,.i-- .,'or"• l/;!3 ..rr"' f .rf,,_,. 2• S /
•• ~ , i?.l!J a " /,. iJ;---- _; .._,-JV-(, ~- .r '5 /'' ,,/ ;5' Middle, Rocks J3 iy,"n, _,.. ·' ··-··•··• .. /· ,,,,.,_..r· rr'fi, ,J>,.r'
._' ,/ ; / '{!I ,-,· /. . I ,✓· "·-. ,-1 _ .v.r' ,r-J-
1
., ,,/ ~/ ·1 \.,. __ ,, :;,?,·?. •·;~;:;_~ ., .... - J._,,.,,.,N'•'""~"vvvv;•.,".,,._ _,J •":f•·•·,c.~-----... 20;--) .r,.;-1'~ , . .,.,-,,•·• ,. ... / 171 ,,J?' <' ✓ ,,f _.,.....;.,.,, ,~.
9 ..,.,,..M..,._v-.'.>-...:.'.!7"";11""·;., . .,,., •• '?' ,,-""{, ... ,,.._ .~; r·····l---.J,...,.,';:,:l::,o ____ J 1&·,,.,.' '-~., ~ ~r / J ./' /' JO - -, }--....... ....... ,.,, J01 ·--"- .,.r'l ,,/.. --_,✓,-.,;c'··C· 20, ... •• ,./ 18
3 .f ;
1
r ~ s ,/ '--" r' ''--...:;'. '---~,.,, ...,.,.,.,.., . . ... ___. .. r'"
• (✓ ,,,-:/ 3·, .i 1,·~2!J •• <. .. ). . Jr. .,.,, .r •:1:·•,-',•:-,...."t',o_..• /·;;,;··--- ••• .,,.•·t;;,
1
11 5s .i.,,.,'. t I.,.. l.'P ' • .., ... L St ~ J ,.J I .,:, ,.~ 14 -~ .. .:--
/· "."· f ,.r '. ' -...... , ;/5 JS ~ ~· .,.J ,,.. ;,o / 2·f••· I ~ ,-,:i· ··----. ---~
t' // ,,,.,. ! /' ✓""' • v4,.,✓.: ,r · ) ., .r1 ,: , '--..../, ·,' ?3 0 ,._,/. , • . r.J' ..;' , I"-:·•~ ·-~ -s s, ······-•• __ lo ,,/' :a, ...... --.. ,
5
/ • • r' ,r _ l , 'lo/ ..,,, ........ - ·· -••• .• ,/ 20
1
/ -
~· / v,• (,,. r / 2.1 ( / ZJ , ; ,,, r','',:,, C: /·~;; _,.,.,,., ..... .✓" ,r'' I = 11.k,,.'.:'>~.. . _· ·-- · _,,.r ,,, ·- :~•-- ,, __ ,_,.,...,.,., N rs, ,-... I, ----~-.._ ,. ./ Ji,•1-- /' a ••
~
Annex 59
Letter from Segar M (Port Master, Singapore) to Raja Datuk Malik
(Director General, Malaysia Marine Department)
dated 9 June 2005

MPA
SINGAPORE
PT/PM/8.029
9 June 2005
Director General
Malaysia Marine Department
lbu Pejabat Laut
Jabatan Laut Semenanjung Malaysia
42007 Pelabuhan Klang
Fax: 03-31685289
Dear Capt Raja Datuk Malik
SUNKEN VESSEL "EVERISE GLORY"
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
460 Alexandra Ro.1d PSA Building ttl 8-00 Singapore 119963
PSA Building Posl Office PO Bo:i:_313 SinKapure 911141
Tel: i651 6375 1600 Fax: (6.5i 6275 9247
hnp:/lwww.mpa.gov.sg
DID: 65-63252468
FAX: 65-63252454
1 I refer to my conversation on 5 Jun 2005 (Sunday) with Deputy DirectorGeneral
of Marine, Capt Ahmad, regarding the collision between Everise Glory and
Uni Concord on 4 Jun 2005 at about 1150 hrs in Singapore waters.
2 I should keep you informed that immediately after the collision on 4 Jun 2005,
the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) undertook investigations into the
incident, and coordinated search-and-rescue efforts with the assistance of the
Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and the Singapore Police Coast Guard (PCG).
MPA also held meetings with the owners of both vessels and approved their
proposals for salvage operations (carried out by Smit International) which began on 5
Jun 2005.
3 On 5 Jun 2005 (Sunday), Smit International reported to MPA that their
operations were disrupted because of the presence of Malaysian Marine Department
craft. I made the call lo Capt Ahmad to inform him of the measures that had already
been taken for the search-and-rescue and salvage operations. I also sought his
cooperation to advise the Marine Dept craft not to hamper with the operations, and
he agreed to instruct the Director, Marine (Southern Region) accordingly.
4 However, I regret to inform you that in spite of this, at about 1650 hrs on 5 Jun
2005, the Malaysian Marine Dept craft proceeded to deploy an °lsolated Danger
Buoy" barely 1 km away from the "Isolated Danger Buoyn which MPA had already
deployed at 1400 hrs the same day. The placement of a second Isolated Danger
Buoy by the Malaysian Marine Department in close proximity to the Isolated Danger
Buoy already deployed by MPA is wholly unnecessary.
-~
·~~:-.-..,•'
PEOPLE D~~~ELOPER
SINC·4POI~
L~-[-;\JPJWO R~ CL.\SS
379
380
5 Further, on 7 and 8 Jun 2005, it was reported to MPA that Malaysian Marine
Department craft tried to deploy another buoy, this time directly over the wreck.
Given that two Isolated Danger Buoys have already been deployed in the vicinity of
the sunken vessel, the deployment of a further buoy on the vessel itself can serve no
useful purpose in terms of navigational safety. On the other hand, such action on the
part of the Malaysian Marine Department will hamper the on-going salvage and
recovery operations. The longer the salvage and recovery operations remain
impeded, the longer the sunken vessel will continue to remain an obstruction to
navigation in the busy sea lanes there and a risk to navigational safety generally.
6 We note that the Malayslan Marine Department craft at the scene are
operating in Singapore's waters without our prior approval, and that the type of action
which these craft are engaging in is wholly unprecedented and has never been
undertaken before by the Malaysian Marine Department in relation to any shipping
accidents in the vicinity.
7 While we remain open to cooperation with the Malaysian Marine Department
in the interest of maritime safety and recovery efforts, we stress that this should be
done in consultation with, and with the approval of, MPA. I would like to repeat my
earlier request for the Malaysian Marine Department not to interfere with the salvage
and recovery operations, and to remove the buoys, which are unnecessary.
8 We have also just been informed by the salvage operator that they have
received oral instructions from an official of your Department to stop all work and
leave the area. Quite apart from that fact that your Department is in no position to
issue instructions concerning a sunken vessel in Singapore waters, any attempt to
put a complete stop to the ongoing salvage and recovery operations will only c!dd to
the further obstruction of navigation and endangerment of maritime safety and the
marine environment.
9 We hope that both our departments can con1inue to cooperate amicably as we
have always done in the past, for the benefit of the safety of the maritime community.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely
~-
MSEGAR
PORT MASTER
MARITIME AND PORT AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE
Annex 60
Singapore's Note MF A/SEA/00017 /2005 dated 13 June 2005

MF A/SEA/0001 7 /2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore
presents its compliments to the High Commission of Malaysia and has the
honour to refer to the collision between the Everise Glory and the Uni
Concord on 4 June 2005, at approximately 1150 hours, 7 nautical miles
Northeast of Horsburgh Lighthouse, within Singapore Territorial Waters,
and the ~ubsequent sinking of the Everise Glory at the said location.
The Singapore Government emphasises that the above maritime
accident occurred in Singapore Territorial Waters off Pedra Branca. Search
and rescue operations for the 24 crew of the Everise Glory were conducted
by the Republic of Singapore Navy and the Singapore Police Coast Guard
in coordination with the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, which
also undertook immediate investigations into the incident. The Maritime
and Port Authority of Singapore also held meetings with owners of both
vessels on Saturday 4 June 2005, and approved their proposals for salvage
operations. The Singapore Government therefore strongly protests the
following acts by the Marine Department Peninsular Malaysia (MDPM):
i) Deployment of Buoys
The repeated intrusions of MDPM vessels into Singapore
Territorial Waters beginning on Sunday 5 June 2005, and the laying of two
buoys by MDPM personnel at the site on Sunday 5 June 2005 (1650 hours)
381
1 3s2 1
and on Wednesday 8 June 2005 (1740 hours). Moreover, as·pointed out in
the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore's letter, PT/PM/8.029 dated 9
June 2005 to the Director-General, Marine Department Peninsular
Malaysia, the laying of these buoys was unnecessary, since the Maritime
and Port Authority of Singapore had already laid an "Isolated Danger
Buoy" at the site on Sunday 5 June 2005 at 1400 hours, and had broadcast
navigation warnings to alert shipping in the vicinity.
It is to be noted that the second MDPM buoy ( deployed on 8
June 2005) hampered salvage and recovery operations. In fact, on
Thursday 9 June 2005 at approximately 1105 hours, this buoy broke from
its moorings and drifted into the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS), posing a
hazard to the safety of navigation. This resulted in the Maritime and Port
Authority of Singapore issuing a navigation warning to alert shipping of
this danger, and maintaining a close watch on passing ships through its
Vessel Traffic Information Service (VTIS) until such time the buoy was
retrieved by the MDPM.
On Friday 10 June 2005 at 2020 hours, MDPM personnel redeployed
its second buoy at the site of the sunken vessel. This was despite
the objections of the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore in its 9 June
2005 letter to the MDPM. The Singapore Government reiterates that the
longer the salvage and recovery operations remain impeded by the MDPM,
the longer the sunken vessel will continue to remain an obstruction to
navigation in the busy sea lanes, thereby posing a risk to navigational
safety.
ii) Issuance of Notices
The issuance of two Notices (44)JLWSIKP/0l/4/l dated 8 June
2005 by the "Receiver of Wreck for the State of Johor", and
(53)dim./PL.1861J/d.23 dated 8 June 2005 by Director of Marine. Given
that the location of the Everise Glory is in Singapore Territorial Waters, the
MDPM has no authority to issue such directives to the owners of the
sunken vessel.
The Singapore Government notes that the former notice was
issued for a purpose that was wholly unnecessary. It purports to take
possession of the Eve rise Glory and to invite interested persons to lay claim
to the sunken vessel by making an application to the said Receiver of
Wreck in circumstances where ownership of the vessel was not in doubt
and salvage operations were going on. The second notice purports to direct
the owner of the vessel to take measures to prevent oil pollution when such
action has been ongoing for several days prior to the issuance of the said
notice. Both notices were clearly issued for no other purpose than to shore
up Malaysia's maritime claim in the area.
The Singapore Government strongly protests the above acts by
the MDPM, which have caused hindrance and delay to the urgent salvage
operations. In the strong interest of navigational safety, the Government of
Singapore requests the Malaysian Government to ensure that the MDPM
desists from interfering with salvage operations being carried out by agents
of the owner of the sunken vessel.
383
1 384 1
The Singapore Government once again reminds the Malaysian
Government that Pedra Branca is an integral part of the territory of
Singapore. The Singapore Government has, since the 1840s, by virtue of
both its acts and those of its predecessor governments, occupied and
exercised sovereignty over Pedra Branca and the waters around it. It
follows that Pedra Branca, its surrounding waters and airspace above are an
integral part of the territory of Singapore. The basis of Singapore's
sovereignty over Pedra Branca has been previous]y communicated to
Malaysia through various documents and meetings.
The Singapore Government categorically rejects any and all
attempts to implicitly or explicitly claim that the waters around Pedra
Branca are Malaysian.territorial waters.
The foregoing actions on the part of the MDPM are not
consistent with the agreement between our respective Governments to refer
the issue of Pedra Branca to the International Court of Justice for peaceful
settlement. The Singapore Government seeks the co-operation of the
Malaysian Government to ensure the immediate cessation of incidents of
this nature. The Singapore Government wishes to point out that no number
of actions on the part of Malaysian Government vessels will affect the ICJ's
determination of this dispute.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore
avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the High Commission of
Malaysia the assurances of its highest consideration.
SINGAPORE
13 June 2005
High Commission of Malaysia
Singapore
385

Annex 61
Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs Press Releases
SFA-AGR-389-05 dated 17 June 2005, SFA-AGR-405-05 dated
21 June 2005 and SFA-AGR-423-05 dated 24 June 2005

www.dfa.gov.ph
SFA-AGR-389-
05
17 June 2005
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
PRESS RELEASE
2330 Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, Philippines
DFA, PHILIPPINE EMBASSIES IN SINGAPORE & KUALA LUMPUR
ARRANGE FOR SHIPMENT OF REMAINS OF FILIPINO CREWMAN
WHO DIED IN SINGAPORE SHIP COLLISION
Tel. No. 834-4000
16 June 2005 - Charge d'Affaires of the Philippine Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Luis T. Cruz
reported to the Department of Foreign Affairs that they are coordinating with the relevant Malaysian
authorities and the Philippine Embassy in Singapore to ensure the speedy shipment back to the
Philippines of the remains of Filipino seafarer Rogelio D. Desamito.
According to the report, the remains of Mr. Desamito were found floating in the middle of the sea
near Pulau, Tioman in Pahang, Malaysia. Police officials in the area informed the Embassy that the
body of Mr. Desamito was recovered on 11 June 2005 at about 1500 HRS and was already in an
advanced stage of decomposition. The Embassy was also informed that the body is now at the
Muazamshah Hospital in Rompin, Pahang for postmortem examination and proper police
documentation.
Here at the DFA, the Office of the Undersecretary for Migrant Workers' Affairs (OUMWA) is
communicating with the deceased OFW's next-of-kin to inform them of the sad news. The OUMWA
is also coordinating with the Philippine Embassy in Singapore to make arrangements with
Mr. Desamito's Singaporean agent Rapid Shipping Pte. Ltd. to facilitate the shipment of his remains
and put into order his employee benefits.
Mr. Desamito, 40 years old, was the chief officer of the Malaysian-registered bulk carrier MN Everise
Glory, which collided with the Taiwan-registered container vessel the MN Uni Concord on 04 June at
around 1145 HRS while at sea off Pedra Branca, Singapore. The MN Everise Glory sank as a
result of the mishap and five of the 21 Filipino crewmembers aboard were slightly injured and were
promptly given medical attention, while Mr. Desamito went missing and was feared to have perished.
The Philippine Embassy in Singapore kept its close coordination with the Singapore Coast Guard
and the Philippine Embassies in Jakarta, Indonesia and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for any news or
developments on the search that was immediately launched for the missing Filipino seafarer. The
MN Everise Glory had 21 Filipino crewmembers including the late Mr. Desamito, while the rest of the
crew were Indonesian.
Meanwhile, the Philippine Embassy in Jakarta reported to the Department that 18 of the 20 surviving
Filipino crewmembers of the ill-fated MN Everise Glory have been repatriated on Saturday 11 June
via Philippine Airlines. The two remaining Filipinos, the ship's master Ermelo L. Daelo and Able
Seaman Claro M. Malavi were left behind to assist the Singapore Coast Guard in the investigation of
the collision incident.
All crewmembers received a sum of US$2,000 each as compensation for their lost personal
belongings and the Philippine Embassy in Singapore extended all possible assistance to the 20
Filipino survivors who were brought to Singapore after the accident. The Philippine Embassy issued
travel documents to facilitate their repatriation to the Philippines. END
/bjg
387
388
www.dfa.gov.ph
SFA-AGR-404-
05
21 June 2005
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
PRESS RELEASE
2330 Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, Philippines Tel. No. 834-4000
SINGAPORE PE WORKING ON EXPEDITIOUS SHIPMENT TO RP OF FILSEAMAN DESAMITO'$ REMAINS
21 June 2005 - Ambassador Belen F. Anota of the Philippine Embassy in Singapore reported to the
Department of Foreign Affairs that the Embassy is coordinating the expeditious shipment to the
Philippines of the remains of seaman Rogelio Ores Desamito, Chief Officer of the ill-fated Malaysiaregistered
bulk carrier "Everise Glory" that sank off the Singapore coast on 4 June 2005 after
colliding with the Taiwan-registered container vessel "Uni Concord."
Ambassador Anota said that the Embassy is communicating with Mr. Collin Ang, manager of
shipping agent Rapid Shipping Pte. Ltd., regarding the shipment of Chief Officer Desamito's
remains. Mr. Ang told Embassy officials that representatives from the Malaysia-based company that
owned "Everise Glory" are directly coordinating with the Philippine Embassy in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, regarding the arrangements for the shipment back home of OFW Desamito's remains.
The Embassy earlier assisted the twenty other Filipino seamen who worked on the "Everise Glory" to
return to the Philippines and to be compensated for the loss of their personal items due to the
shipping accident. (Please refer to press release SFA-AGR-373-05, dated 15 June 2005.) END
/epa
www.dfa.gov.ph
SFA-AGR-423-
05
24 June 2005
DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
PRESS RELEASE
2330 Roxas Blvd., Pasay City, Philippines Tel. No. 834-4000
PHILIPPINE EMBASSIES IN MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE ASSIST IN RETURNING TO THE PHILIPPINES
REMAINS OF FILIPINO CREWMEMBER WHO PERISHED IN SINGAPORE SEA COLLISION
24 June 2005 - The Department of Foreign Affairs today announced that the remains of Filipino
seafarer Rogelio D. Desamito have been returned to the country on the afternoon of Sunday 19 June
2005 via a Malaysian Airlines flight. The remains were met at the airport by the deceased's next-ofkin
and by representatives of the Overseas Workers' Welfare Administration.
The Philippine Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and the Philippine Embassy in Singapore closely
coordinated with the relevant authorities in their areas of jurisdiction, including the agent of Mr.
Desamito to ensure the speedy shipment of his remains back to the Philippines.
Mr. Desamito, 40 years old, was the chief officer of the Malaysian-registered bulk carrier M/V Everise
Glory, which collided with the Taiwan-registered container vessel the M/V Uni Concord on 04 June at
around 1145 HRS while sailing off Pedra Branca, Singapore. The M/V Everise Glory had 21 Filipino
crewmembers including the late Mr. Desamito, while the rest of the crew were Indonesian.
The M/V Everise Glory sank as a result of the mishap and five of the 21 Filipino crewmembers
aboard were slightly injured and were promptly given medical attention, while Mr. Desamito went
missing. On the afternoon of 11 June 2005, the remains of Mr. Desamito were found floating in the
middle of the sea near Pulau, Tioman in Pahang, Malaysia.
Earlier, 18 of the 20 surviving Filipino crewmembers of the ill-fated M/V Everise Glory had been
repatriated on 11 June via Philippine Airlines. (For background, please see DFA press releases
SFA-AGR-373-2005 and SFA-AGR-389-2005 dated 15 and 17 June respectively.) END
389

Annex 62
Singapore's Note MF A/SEA/00025/2005 dated 29 July 2005

MF A/SEA/00025/2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore
presents its compliments to the High Commission of Malaysia and has
the honour to refer to the former's Note !\..fF A/SEA/000 l 7 /2005 dated 13
June 2005 concerning the sunken vessel Everise Glory, located 7 nautical
miles Northeast of Horsburgh Lighthouse in Singapore Territorial
Waters.
The Singapore Government has been informed by the insurers
for the owners of Everise Glory that they are being prevented from
effecting a complete removal of the wreck of Everise Glory because the
Marine Department of Peninsular Malaysia (MDPM) is insisting that the
wreck should only be partia1Jy removed. (Please see enclosed series of
correspondence between the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
and the insurers.)
The Singapore Government strongly protests the above act by
the rvIDPM, which is not on]y inconsistent with Singapore, s sovereignty
over the territorial waters in question, but which has also caused
hindrance and delay to the ongoing efforts towards the complete removal
of the wreck. The wreck of Everise Glory lies in an extremely busy
shipping area, with converging traffic, leaving, joining and crossing the
Traffic Separation Scheme. Leaving the wreck partially in place will
391
392
cause changes in traffic pattern which will pose an unacceptable danger
to navigation. Furthermore, with the impending approach of the North
East Monsoon at the end of September, time is of the essence, and the
safety of navigation· requires that there should be no further delay to
efforts to effect a comp]ete rem ova] of the wreck.
In the interest of navigational safety, the Government of
Singapore requests that the Malaysian Government ensure that the
:MDPM desists from interfering with the salvage operations and from
taking any action which will prevent or impede the complete removal of
the wreck of Everise Glory.
The Singapore Government once again reminds the Malaysian
Government that Pedra Branca is an integral part of the territory of
Singapore. The Singapore Government has, since the 1840s, by virtue of
both its acts and those of its predecessor governments, occupied and
exercised sovereignty over Pedra Branca and the waters around it. It
fo1lows that Pedra Branca, its surrounding waters and airspace above are
an integral part of the territory of Singapore. The basis of Singapore's
sovereignty over Pedra Branca has been previously communicated to
Malaysia through various documents and meetings.
The Singapore Government categorically rejects any and all
attempts to implicitly or explicitly claim that the waters around Pedra
Branca are Malaysian territorial waters.
Any attempt by MDPM to assert jurisdiction in the waters
around Pedra Branca is not consistent with the agreement between our
respective Governments to refer the issue of Pedra Branca to the
International Court of Justice for peaceful settlement. The Singapore
Government wishes to point out that no number of actions on the part of
the MDPM will affect the ICJ's determination of this dispute.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore
avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the High Commission of
Malaysia the assurances of its highest consideration.
SINGAPORE
29 July 2005
High Commission of Malaysia
Singapore
393
394
MPA
SINGAPORE
PT /PM18. 043/1 JUC-E G
25 Jul 05
The Owners of the E\ferise Glory
c/o Rajah & Tann
Advocates & Solicitors
4 Battery Road #26-01
Bank of China Building
Singapore 049908
Attn: Mr Jainil Bhandari
Dear Sirs
(Fax: 6536 1335)
Mill'itime and Port Authority of Singapore
460 Alex;mtlra Road PSA Builr:lini,; # 1 B-00 Sing;ipm" 119963
PSA Buildin& •'osl Ullict: P O eo:..: 311 Singapore 911141
Tel: ({,.'.) f,3?:r HiOO fax: (6:.) 6275 9247
hnp:!N.'l.\'\Y.mp.1.gm•.~s -
DID: 6325 2468
Fax: 6325 2454
REMOVAL OF SUNKEN VESSEL "EVERISE GLORY"
1 Please refer to your letter Ref JBI/ALH/mll/168938-10 dated 16 Jul 05,
requesting MPA to re-consider a partial removal of the sunken vessel Evense Glory.
2 We have carefully considered all your representations, including those made at
our meetings of 13 and 15 Jul 05 and in your latest letter J BLalo.16B938-10 dated 21
July 2005. The sunken vessel lies in a very busy shipping area with converging traffic
i.e. vessels leaving, joining and crossing the Traffic Separation Scheme (~TSS"}. The
safety of navigation is of paramount importance. MPA has consulted members of the
international shipping community, including practicing VLCC shipmasters who have
recently transited through the TSS, tanker operators/owners/managers, oil terminal
operators, shipping associations and nautical institutes. We sought their views as to
partial removal of the "Everise Glory". From their responses, it is clear to us that
laden tankers will not knowingly pass over a charted, partially "cut-down" wreck of the
~Everise Glory~. The resulting changes in traffic patterns and course adjustments by
vessels will be prejudicial to the proper and stable operation of the TSS. We therefore
cannot accede to your request to accept the partial "cut-down• in lieu of complete
-removal of the wreck.
3 In this connection, we refer to the .. Notice To Remove" issued to the owners on
6 June 2005, pursuant to section 57(1) of tt1e Maritime and Port AuthOrity of
Singapore Ac~ to remove the sunken vessel ''Everise Glory", and to MPA's letter of 13
June 2005 (PT/PM/8.029) to the ovmers' agents Ocean Maritime Consultants (Far
East) Pie Ltd re-confirming our requirement that the sunken vessel be completely
removed. Please be reminded that the deadline specified in the Notice to Remove
has already passed. As far as we know, you have not yet appointed any salvage
company to remove the vessel. However, I am prepared to hold my hands on further
proceedings concerning the non-compliance With the Notice to Remove if action is
taken by you immediately to commence work on the complete removal of the vessel.
It is imperative. for the safety of navigation, that the vessel be completely removed
before the onset of the North East Monsoon. We note that you already have
proposals from various salvors, and in view of the urgency of the matter, we ask that
you inform my office, not later than noon of 27 July 2005, of the details of the salvage
company that you have appointed to effect the complete removal of the wreck of the
Everise Glory, and the dates of Intended commencement and scheduled completion
of the salvage operations.
Yours faithfully
M~R
PORT MASTER
MARITIME AND PORT AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE
cc
The Steamship Mutual P&I Club
Attn: Mr Mark Dawson [Fax: 00144207 3TT 2912]
Everise Maritime Sdn Bhd.
Attn: Mr Julian Seah (Fax: 02 03 4043 8380]
Ocean Maritime Consultants (Far East) Pte Ltd
Attn: Capt James Ong [Fax: 63245761]
395
396
b1.ms1 Lonaon 26/07/2005 09:58 AM PAGE 1/003 Fax Server
TO:
ATTENTION OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
YOUR REF:
CC:
ATTENT(ON OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
CC:
ATTENTION OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
CC:
ATTENTION OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
SENDER:
OUR REF:
RE:
DATE:
Rec'd on ').b/,/11s·@ S.I.S-f"'\
STEAMSHIP MUTUAL
FAX TRANSMISSION
M,uitime and Port Authority of Singapore
Capt M. Segar- Port Master
0065 6325 2454
PT/PM/8.043/1 /UC-EG
Rajah & Tann, Singapore
Mr. Jalnll Bhandari
0065 6536 1335
Everise Maritime Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur
Mr. Jufian Seah
00603 4043 8360
Ocean Madtime Consultants {Far East} Pte Ltd,
Singapore
Capt James Ong
0065 6324 5761
Mari< Dawson
BD05/326449M'REtrMH D
"EVERISE GLORY"
25 July 2005
TOTAL PAGES: 3 (lndoding Cover Note)
Dear Capt Segar,
We thank you for your facsimile of today's date addressed to the OY.ners of
Everise Glory c/o Messrs Rajah & Tann and copied to the Club.
Although we and owneis do appreciate your concern we are nevertheless
bitte.r1y disappointed that you have decided to order a full removal of the wreck
of Everi:se Glory. There is no doubt that the Everise Glory interests and MPA
share the sentiment that safe navigation is of paramount imporwnce.
However where we do differ is the assessment of what "reasonable" steps a re
necessary to facilitate safe navigation at the site of the wreck. Having fully
considered all of the circumstances relating to the position of the Everise
Glory, it is our view, and that of our experts that the partial "cut-down" option
lill'IAKSBIPDIJ![JIW,"c:I.! ll.'l)IACDmft' &mVICU UKIT!I)
.lm$Gdkdz,<1 lltpl'-"'4bf 11to Uai...S li!Dgdom l'lnwci.al~ Al&dlcrllj'
,'\qi.I AD GAL Hot'li& 5'.111!1.l. LA."IE Ullo.'DON El 7LU
id: 020 7KJ MIil wdode -.illlll.mm
~NG:311M893En,i:la%1d
26/07 '05 TUE 17:00 [TX/RX NO 83661
01.msJ. Lonaon Zo/0'//~00~ O~:~~ AM "'AU.I!: ~/00::S .t•ax ::;erver
2
guarantees the safety of the wreck for navigation and should therefore be
considered as the reasonable option. You will be aware this is also the view
taken by the Malaysian Authorities.
In brief the following are factors are included in those that have been taken
into account when coosidering whether the "cut-dov.,," option is the
reasonable option.
1. The deepest draft VLCC transiting the Singapore Strait is about 22
metres. Even allov.ing for a 10°/ii squat this would provide a draft of 24.2
metres.
2. The "cut-down" option proposed by Smit provides for more than 28
metres clearance above chart datum. We can corrfinn that the wreck will be
swept to a depth of 28 metres. In either case this would provide more than
sufficient Lil de,· keel dearance for a VLCC transiting the Strail
3. There is a 23 metre patch reported in 2002 to the north east of the
wreck position approximately 5 n.miles distance. This patch is in the direction
of the traffic flow and would be avoided by VLCCs given the maximum drafts
cmd squat allowances mentioned in 1. above. There ~.re also depths of 24 &
25 metres to the north east which CCYt/er very IMdEt .:ireas and certainly present
a far greater hazard than the partially cut down wreck of Everise Glory. There
is a 22 metre sounding 1.5 miles SE of the wreck and again would present a
much greater risk. More important still is that it is impossible to enter the
westbound or exit the eastbound lanes of this traffic separation scheme
crossing an area where the depth is more than 24 metres.
4. The seabed at the location is mud, coarse sand and broken shells.
Undoubtedly the wreck will have made a bed for itself at the time of sinking
and wll sink further in to the seabed over the passage of time.
5. Given that VLCC masters would adjust course to avoid the reported
shallow patches above, they would have less concern and need to alter
course for the presence of the wreck. There are numerous similar
circumstances the world CJl/f:r including the southern bcisin of the N or1h Sea
where there are busy traffic lane approaches to large tanker ports.
6. In addition to leaving the guarantee in place· the Club is willing to
conduct an annual survey of the wreck to confirm its position and clearance
depth on an annual basis for the next 3 years.
7. There are many computer programs for traffic modelling available to
conduct traffic movement analysis and in particular for regions such as the
Singapore Strait This should assist In allaying any fears about the risk of
contact with the subject wreck and will also demonstrclte the sate navigation in
the vicinity of areas of even lesser water depth as identified in 3. above. We
can discuss this further with you if you are interested.
srEAMRIIP n.suJW1C!. IIJINAG!!JmlT SllMCDIDm'l.D
Alllllabed.:mdliqplbll!!II~ Ille Ull.lled Rngdmll ~:cd.11111,nice Audlaiiy
AQUAllCAI.. HOllSI! 1!!1 6'!1.L ~ LONbCtll El 'IL 1,
td: 02() 7tr15110 ...w ... -.aimd.o:iai
n,.....:..__, U •• ._.a-.c---.,_J
26/07 '05 TUE 17:00 [TX/RX NO 8366]
397
398
01ms.1 Lonaon ;:,1uu;:, rax ~erver
3
8. Against the above backgrollld, the partial ''cut-do'Ml" option is
entirely reasonable and jusdfied and would not compromise safe
navigation.
Given the excellent relationship that Steamship Mutual has wth the MPA and
the prompt steps taken in this case to ensure that the wreck ms sealed and
the bunkers removed, and thereafter to mar1< the wreck, we very much hope
that the you wll give the 0 cut-do'M"1° further due consideration. We very much
want to work with you to ensure safe navigation though the full removal of the
wreck is in the circumstances a lengthy and unreasonable optiai.
The Club is willing to meet with you to discuss this further and respectfully
requests that you extend the deadline imposed to the end of this week.
We very much look forward to hearing from you.
Kind regards,
Mark Dawson
Syndicate Manager
Tel: -t-44 20 7650 6449 {r:-.rect)
Fax: +44 20 7426 8434 (clrect}
Emalt [email protected]
sawtSB!l'Dl.swANa IW,ADDQN[ SIIIMCISUIDTED
4'11da<lliied ,ad Rq,tloo41,f fte UlltDdl!mgdolll ei-dll $..._,Ai6GII.IJ
AQ.UA1lC... HOlllll! !9 81!.U. t..Vl"l LONl>ON El 71.U
Id, lll!ll 1N'1 MIO ...ta.lo: -...;u11Lam
n .. ...__ • ., .,, ... .,....,.,... v....,.._.1
28/07 '05 TUE 17:00 [Tl/RX NO 8~68]
Simsl London
TO:
ATTENTION OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
YOUR REF:
CC:
ATT5tffl0N OF:
FACSIMIU: NO:
CC:
ATTENTION OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
26/07/2005 13:23 PH PAOE
STEAMSHIP MUTUAL
FAX TRANSMISSION
Maritime ctn cl Port Aulhorily of Singapore
Capt M. S€gar- PortMJster
0065 6325 2454
PT /PM/8. 043/1 /U C..E. G
Rajah & T.inn, Singap,:ire
Mr. Jainii Bh.ind.iri
0065 6536 133S
EverisE.> Marilme Sdn BM, Kuala Lumpur
Mr . .J1..fom Seah
00603 4043 8380
1/001 Fax Server
CC:
ATTENTION OF:
Oce,;i,n Maritime Coris1,ltants(FarEa$t) Pte Ltd, Singc:ipore
C.:ipl James Ong •
FACSIMILE NO:
SENDER:
OURRl!!F:
RE:
DATE:
0065 6324 5761
M<1rk Diiwson
BD0S/326449/ViREfrMHD
"EVE RISE GLORY"'
2S July 2005
TOTAL PAGES: ONE (rncluding Cover Note)
2nd fax
Dear Captain Se-gar,
Further lo our earlier fi'l of today we would vel') much appreciate knowin9 the
iden1ity of lhe members of the shipping ccmmunity cmsul~d by you .-,ind It WOldd
also be of great interest to see lheir written views.
lh-'nk you and kindest ~gards,
Syndcate Manager
Tel: ♦ 44 20 7650 6449 (drect)
Fax: -,.44 20 7426 8434 (drcct)
Email: 111 ar1c.dawsm~imsl.caTI
!il"M.lailD' IN'II.TIUlffct ~-'UtVICPUIIIRI)
Aad<dt...l 111d ~~ C.. lui,llo41iillc..., n...,cial h-i•• .-...a.Grie,
A(t(JA:DCM.. HOl3 a lllilLUl.11 LONDON' Ill 71.U
Id: Ql0 791'7 !WOO ~ v.oiulmll.an
26/07 'OS TUE 20:25 ITXIRX NU 83711
399
400
27-JUL-2005 12:05 FROM DDCP)'S OFFICE TO DDCPT)/PTMA
Maritime ;and Port Authority of Singapor1
4~0 Alelandra Road PSA Building 118-00 Sing3pote I 1996)
PSA Building Pon Office PO B0• lll Singapaee 911141
MPA
SINGAPORE
PT/PM'8.043/l/UC-EG
27 Jul 05
Mr Mark Dawson
Syndicate Manager
Steamship Insurance Management Services Ltd
Fax: 4420 7426 8434
Dear Sir,
Tel: (65) 6375 1600 Fat: [65) 6275 9247
h"p:/lwww.mpa.gov.sg
DID: 6325 2468
FAX: 6325 2454
REMOVAL OF SUNKEN VESSEL ''EVERISE GLORY"
I refer to.your two faxes dated 25 July 2005, both of which we received
only on 26 July 2005. The first fax, which requested a reconsideration of my
decision concerning the complete removal of the \\TCCk of Everise Glory. was
received by my office at 5:15pm Singapore time. The second fax, which
sought information concerning our previous consultations with members of the
international shipping community, was received at 8:25pm Singapore time.
2. I have carefully studied all the points raised in your fax requesting a
reconsideration of my decision. None of the points made in your fax are new.
They are all factors which I have already taken into consideration prior to
issuing my letter PT/PM/8.043/1/UC-EG dated 25 July 2005.
3. As I have previously explained, the issue is not how much under-keel
clearance you are able to provide over the wreck of Everise Glory in a "cut
down" option. The real issue is that the majority of prudent shipmastets will
not deliberately sail over the top of a wreck which has been marked on the
charts. The resulting changes in traffic pattern will pose a serious hazard to
navigation in this extremely busy shipping area, with converging traffic,
leaving, joining and crossing the Traffic Separation Scheme. In light of this,
as well as other relevant considerations, it is my view that, if the wreck is not
removed completely, it will present an unacceptable danger to navigation. I
therefore affmn my decision to require the complete removal of the wreck of
Everise Glory.
27-JUL-2005 11:52 65 63751667 99%
~~
P.01
27-JUL-2005 12:06 FROM DDCP)'S OFFICE P.~2/03
4. You had requested for the details of our -consultations with the
international shipping community. You may wish to note that although I took
these consultations into account in making my decision to require the complete
removal of the wreck, these consultations form merely on.e part of the full
range of relevant factors I took into consideration before reaching my final
decision. For your information, in addition to tanker
operators/owners/managers and oil companies, we have also consulted various
shipping associations. including the Oil Companies International Marine
Forum (OCIMF), Singapore Nautical Institute, the Singapore Maritime
Foundation and Niwon Maritime Centre. All are in favour of the complete
removal of the wreck. In addition, we ha.ve consulted no less than 40
shipmasters of laden tankers which have sailed through. the Singapore Strait in
the past month. More than 90% of these shipmasters indicated that they would
not deliberately sail over the wreck if the "cut down" option is adopted. More
than 60% of these shipmasters had requcstt:-d that the wreck be completely
removed.
5. In my lener of 25 July 2005, I have given the owners of Everise Glory
up to noon {Singapore time) on 27 July 2005 to infonn m.e of the details of the
salvage company that they have appointed to effec:t the complete removal of
the wreck. You have requested that 1 extend this deadline to the end of the
week. I am not prepared to accede to your request In this regard, please be
reminded that the Notice to Remove was issued on 6 June 2005 and [ have
been in correspondence with your salvage consultant since our first meeting on
IO June 2005. The merits of the various solutions have been debated long
enough.
6. Given the urgent need to take immediate action in order to ensure
complete removal of the wreck before the onset of the North East Monsoon, [
am granting you a half-working day extension- Le. witil 6:00 p.m Singapore
time on 27 July 2005 - to provide my office with the information required by
my Jetter of 25 July 2005. All other aspects. of my Jetter of 25 July 200S
.remain unchanged.
Yours faithfully
Mt:~ PORT MASTER
MARITIME AND PORT AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE
2?-JUL-2005 11:53 55 6375168? 99%
401
402
27-JUL-2005 12:06 FROM DD(PJ'S OFFICE ro DUFT)/PTr-',A
cc
Everise Maritime Sdn Bhd.
Attn: Mr Julian Seah [Fax: 02 03 4043 8380]
Ocean Maritime Consultants (Far East) Pte Ltd
Attn: Capt James Ong · [Fax: 63245761]
Rajah & Tann
Advocates & Solicitors
Attn: Mr Jainil Bhandari (Fax: 6536 1335)
Ei5 E37Sl6E? 59%
?.03/03
TOTAL P.03
P.03
TO:
ATTENTION OF:
FACSIMILE NO:
YOUR REF:
STEAMSHIP MUTUAL
FAX TRANSMISSION
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
Capt M. Segar- Port Master
0065 6325 2454
!)T /PM/8. 043/1 /U C-EG
CC: Rajah & Tann, Singapore
ATTENTION OF: Mr. Jainil Bhandari
FACSIMILE NO: 0065 6536 1335
CC: Everise Maritime Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur
ATTENTION OF: Mr. Ju~an Seah
FACSIMILE NO: 00603 4043 8380
CC: Ocean Maritime Consultants (Far EasQ Pte Ltd,
Singapore
ATTENTION OF: Capt. James Ong
FACSIMILE NO: 0065 6324 5761
SENDER:
OUR REF:
RE:
DATE:
Mark Dawson
BD05/326449M'RE/TMH D
"EVERISE GLORY" ·
27 July 2005
TOTAL PAGES: Two (Including Cover Note)
URGENT
We thank you for your fax of today.
1. We have fully noted your posltla, though our Members are now placed In a
t.enibly dfficult posltim. You are aware that the Malaysian AuthorlU~s have
also claimed jurlsdctia, of the wreck and have issued their own formal
Remo,al Notice. The MMD has this week re-conflnned their Insistence for
the owners lo proceed 'Mlh the partial cut-down op11a, and have summoned
1he OY.flers and their technical advisors to appear before them on Friday 29th
July 2005 to flnaffse arrangements and clscuss the technical issues. Indeed,
we must emphasise for the sake of clarity that the MMD simply will not agree
to lhe complete remo,al as required by your office.
SE'!AMSBil'JtfSIJBMICl KAHNmmff lillm'JCISUYl'rED
ladbcdacd .id ltgulUl,cllly ~ Uiiled&lllJdmn flr1111dal Ba,l,caAmllllilJ
AQ.1.Wl~ HOUill 11!1 Billi I.NI& l.0HDON K1 7LU
Id: QI0 '11f7 l560 wmim 111N11111,Lam
'D__._,____. U-Ha.M ~---
403
404
2
2. We and our Members do not wish to take sides In something that should
really not concern us though you wlll appreciate that the jurisdiction dspute
between Malaysia and Singapore places EVER/SE GLORY interests In a
simply lmposslble position. Which of the conflicting wreck removal orders
issued by Singapore or Malaysia are we supposed to follow? As you can
see, YA1atever we do our Members and the Club will face the unwelcome
wrath of Ile MPA or MMD, notv.ithstandlng that we have, since day one of
lhls Incident, acted in a responsible and transparent manner.
3. We have at all times done our u1most to satisfy both sides and keep them
fully appraised oo the developing situation. However, for as loog as there Is a
jurisdction dispute between Malaysia and Singapore It Is exceedingly difficult
to know how to proceed.
4. One has to take into account 1hat that the owner of EVER/SE GLORY Is a
Malaysian canpany and some of her officers remain under detention in
Malaysia pending the outcane of their col9slon inquiry.
5. What we propose to do to break the Impasse and satisfy the requirements of
both sides is to lmmedately cmtract Vtith salvors and undertake 1he partial
cut-down of the wreck. Thereafter we propose to leave the Club's original
le~r _of undertaking In place wllh you for a period of three years or, potentlally
until the resolution of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) decision into the
terrttory dispute between Singapore and Malaysia. Should the ICJ decide
that the wreck is in Singapore waters, we can then agree at that time to revisit
the Issue and undertake a survey to estab0sh the need to undertake the
remwal of the remainder of the wreck. Meanwhile we would be agreeable to
undertake an annual sweep of the wreck to confirm the depth of water.
6. Please urgently advise whether lhe above can promise solution In paragraph
5. above Is acceptable or you have any other suggestions to break the
impasse. We have no desire to enter Into a dispute with you on this matter
and sincerely hope that you can lode favourably on our request, which is
made in the utmost good faith. We are ccnsclous of the passage of time .and
the forthcoming mcnsoon season. There Is a great desire at the Club to
move this matter forward and we are of course prepared to dscuss this
matter with you persooally In Singapore.
7. Meanwhile given that the owners and their technical advisors have been
summoned to appear before the MMD on Friday 29th Juty 2005, we again
respectfully request an extensloo of 11me be given to Monday 1st August
2005.
Best regards,
Mark Dawson
Syndicate Manager
Tel: +44 20 7650 6449 (direct)
Fax: +44 20 7426 8434 (cirect)
Email: mark. [email protected]
III'l!AMllllll' INSOIANC! MANAGD!Nf lll.lMCl!!IIJMJrED
.Adlcriaal md ~ lit' Ille U:llledllllgclmll 1'1111111411 Scn!CIII Al4arill'
AQU/alCAL HOU. l!I 111U. LVoll LONDON 111 '11.V
lid: Cllll 7K7 IISO Nllllee -.lmll.am
Annex 63
Malaysia's Notes No. EC 74/2005 dated 2 Aug 2005,
No. EC 75/2005 dated 2 Aug 2005, and No. EC 76/2005
dated 2 Aug 2005

EC 74/2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia presents its compliments to the
High Commission of the Republic of Singapore and has the honour to refer to
Diplomatic Note MFA/SEA/00017/2005 dated 13 June 2005 from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore pertaining to the collision between
·the M. V. Everise Glory (a Malaysian registered vessel) and the Uni Concord (a
vessel registered in Taiwan) and the ensuing sinking of the former which
occurred within Malaysian Territorial Waters off the Malaysian island of Pulau
Batu Puteh on 4 June 2005.
In respect of the search and rescue operations conducted by the
Singapore Navy and Singapore Police Coast Guard for the crew of the M. V.
Everise Glory, the Government of Malaysia is pleased to note from statements by
the crew of, the vessel that they were rescued by an Indonesian vessel K.M.
Sinar Mustika and subsequently transferred to a Singapore Navy vessel and
brought to Singapore. Such action reflects positively on humanitarian
considerations and the Government of Malaysia thanks the Government of the
Republic of Singapore for the said assistance rendered to the crew of the
Malaysian registered vessel M. V. Everise Glory.
405
406
The Government of Malaysia however strongly protests all actions
subsequently undertaken by the Government of the Republic of Singapore, in
particular by the Singapore Navy and Singapore Police Coast Guard following
the search and rescue operations including investigations into the said accident.
Such actions which are in violation of the territorial waters of Malaysia in and
around Pulau Batu Puteh should not be construed by Singapore as an act to
assert its sovereignty in and around Pulau Batu Puteh. Indeed such acts do not
amount to conduct a titre de souverain in respecCbr Pulau Batu Puteh and
cannot be used to attribute territorial sovereignty.
The Government of Malaysia is deeply concerned that the Government of
the Republic of Singapore did not promptly notify the Government of Malaysia of
the accident. The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore informed the Marine
Department of Malaysia of the accident only seven hours after it occurred. The
Government of Malaysia wishes to remind the Government of the Republic of
Singapore that the involvement of Singapore authorities in connection with the
accident was by virtue of the fact that the vessel Uni Concord had reported the
collision to Singapore Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) East which is the station
assigned for Sector 9 of the arrangements under STRAITREP (the joint
Malaysia-Indonesia-Singapore Mandatory Ship Reporting System in the Straits of
Malacca and Singapore implemented under the auspices of the IMO).
The Government of Malaysia firmly reiterates that the accident which
occurred 7 .6 nautical miles from Pulau Batu Puteh at the approximate position of
Latitude 01 °25.46'N, Longitude 104°29.39'E was clearly within the Territorial
Waters of Malaysia as depicted in the Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf
Boundaries of Malaysia Map of 1979. Therefore, the allegations made by
Singapore on intrusions by the Marine Department of Malaysia are unjustifiable.
The Marine Department of Malaysia had at all times acted lawfully within its
authority and jurisdiction.
The Government of Malaysia further disputes the laying of a buoy by
Singapore Vessel Official No. SR ·9543 at Latitude 001 °25.132'N, Longitude
104°29.134'E, 500 meters west of the wreck, which was not conducted in
accordance with the recommendation of the International Association of Marine
Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) that requires an isolated
danger mark to be erected on, or moored on or above, an isolated danger which
has navigable waters all around it. Singapore's action thus endangered
navigation by creating a wrongful impression of the true location of the hazard.
On the contrary, the Government of Malaysia emphasizes that the laying
of buoys by the Marine Department of Malaysia was in accordance with
Malaysia's international obligations under SOLAS 1974 and the
recommendations of IALA. The laying of the buoys was undertaken pursuant to
a comprehensive assessment of the best position to install navigational aids. The
first buoy laid by the Marine Department of Malaysia was to ensure quick
response to the safety of navigation especially for ships proceeding inwards the
Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) while the second buoy which was attached to
the wreck was deemed prudent because of the possible movement of the wreck
due to prevailing current and tidal conditions. The mooring position of the buoy
attached to the wreck was also chosen after consultation with the salvor (Smit
International). At no time did the buoy hamper the pollutant recovery operation.
Further, the issuance of notices in respect of the wreck by the Marine
Department of Malaysia and the Receiver of Wreck for the State of Johar
respectively, were in accordance with Malaysia's Merchant Shipping Ordinance
1952 and were well within their authority. The Government of Malaysia reiterates
that all actions taken by the Marine Department to mark the wreck, issue
407
408
navigational warnings and notice in respect of the removal of the wreck as well
as control and prevention of pollution, are consistent with Malaysian law and
international conventions as well as international recommendations in the interest
of ensuring prompt action for safety of navigation and protection of the marine
environment.
The Government of Malaysia reiterates that Pata'u Batu Puteh has always
been part of the territory and under the sovereignty of Malaysia. The
Government of Malaysia further reiterates that any and all activities undertaken
by Malaysia in its territory, including activities pertaining to Pulau Batu Puteh, its
surrounding waters and airspace are legitimate exercises of Its sovereignty and
jurisdiction. The vessels and aircraft of the Royal Malaysian Navy, Royal
Malaysian Air Force, Malaysian Marine Police and the Malaysian Marine
Department have and will continue to patrol and carry out all their normal duties
in the territorial waters and maritime area and airspace of Malaysia in, over and
around Pulau Batu Puteh.
Further thereto, Malaysia also informs the Government of the Republic of
Singapore that Malaysia has not acted inconsistently with the agreement to
submit the issue of Pulau Batu Puteh to the International Court of Justice for
peaceful settlement. In fact Malaysia's actions are consistent with what Malaysia
has all along been undertaking and will continue to undertake in the future. In
this regard, Malaysia expresses deep concern over Singapore's statement that
"no number of actions on the part of Malaysian Government vessels will affect
the ICJ's determination of this dispute." Malaysia reminds the Government of the
Republic of Singapore that no amount of protest by the Government of the
Republic of Singapore will affect the determination of the dispute and deter
Malaysia from continuing its actions in and around Pulau Batu Puteh.
Malaysia further reiterates that Singapore's presence in and around Pulau
Batu Puteh is not an assertion of sovereignty. On the contrary, Malaysia reminds
the Government of the Republic of Singapore that its presence on Pulau Batu
Puteh which is for the purpose of administration and maintenance of Horsburgh
Lighthouse is with Malaysia's permission.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia avails itself of this opportunity
to renew to the High Commission of Republic of Singapore the assurances of its
highest consideration.
High Commission of the Republic of Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Putrajaya, 2 August 2005
409
410
EC 75/2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia presents its compliments to the
High Commission of the Republic of Singapore and has the honour to refer to
Diplomatic Note MFNSEA/00025/2005 dated 29 July 2005 from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore concerning the removal of the wreck
of the Malaysian vessel the M.V. Everise Glory which is located in Malaysian
Territorial Waters off the Malaysian island of Pulau Batu Puteh.
The Government of Malaysia categorically rejects the contention of the
Government of the Republic of Singapore that the Marine Department of
Malaysia acted inconsistently with Singapore's sovereignty over the area
concerned and had caused hindrance and delay in the removal of the wreck.
The Government of Malaysia reminds the Government of the Republic of
Singapore that Pulau Batu Puteh has always been part of the territory and under
the sovereignty of Malaysia. The airspace over Pulau Batu Puteh and the
surrounding waters are part of Malaysia's airspace and the waters around Pulau
Batu Puteh are part of the territorial waters and maritime area of Malaysia as
depicted in the Territorial Waters and Continental Shelf Boundaries of Malaysia
Map of 1979.
The Government of Malaysia strongly protests the issuance of the "Notice
to Remove" by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore to the owners of the
vessel on 6 June 2005 directing the complete removal of the wreck and thereby
undermining the owners attempts to comply with the Removal Notice issued by
the Marine Department of Malaysia dated 14 July 2005 which directed partial
removal of the wreck. The Government of Malaysia emphasizes that the
decision of the Marine Department of Malaysia prescribing partial removal of the
wreck was a thoroughly considered decision backed by expert views. With time
being of the essence and safety of navigation the paramount consideration, the
Marine Department of Malaysia is fully convinced that partial removal of the
wreck far outweighs complete removal as the most reasonable option. The
prescribed depth clearance of 27 metres at Admiratty Chart Datum (AC □)
directed by the Marine Department of Malaysia is more than sufficient to meet
the needs of vessels plying the area mindful of the under keel clearance of 3.5
metres set for deep draft vessels transiting the Straits of Malacca and Singapore
adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime
Organization at its sixty-ninth session in 1998. The shorter period of disruption of
traffic and curtailed maneuverability of vessels arising from partial removal as
opposed to complete removal, reduces the risk of any untoward incidents in the
area. The Government of Malaysia will hold the Government of the Republic of
Singapore fully responsible for any loss of lives or damage, including pollution to
Malaysian waters and coastal areas, due to accidents that may occur should it
undertake unilateral action to completely remove of the wreck in total disregard
for safety of navigation and Malaysia's jurisdiction over the wreck. The
Government of Malaysia strongly urges the Government of the Republic of
Singapore to immediately desist from taking any action in respect of the removal
of the wreck.
The Government of Malaysia reminds the Government of the Republic of
Singapore that both countries have referred the issue of sovereignty over Pulau
Batu Puteh to the International Court of Justice. In this regard, the Government
of Malaysia emphasizes that all actions by the Government of the Republic of
Singapore in and around Pulau Batu Puteh, its airspace and surrounding
territorial waters, does nothing to further Singapore's claims. The Government of
Malaysia therefore calls upon the Government of Singapore to refrain from
411
1 412
further violations of the territorial waters and airspace in and around Pulau Batu
Puteh.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia avails itself of this opportunity
to renew to the High Commission of Republic of Singapore the assurances of its
highest consideration.
High Commission of the Republic of Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Putrajaya, 2 August 2005
EC 76 /2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia presents its compliments to the High
Commission of the Republic of Singapore and has the honour to refer to the matter of
the removal of the wreck of the Malaysian vessel the M. V. Everise Glory.
Without prejudice to the respective claims by Malaysia and Singapore concerning
sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South ~edge,
which is currently before the International Court of Justice, the Government of Malaysia
has further the honour to propose in the interest of maritime safety and international
navigation as well as in the spirit of resolving this issue in an amicable manner, that
bilateral discussions be held between Malaysia and Singapore as soon as possible with
a view to reaching mutually acceptable arrangements to secure the removal, as
appropriate, of the wreck of the M. V. Everise Glory. This rs in line with the general
understanding reached between their Excellencies the Minister of Foreign Affairs of
Malaysia and the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republi~ of Singapore in Batam on 1
August 2005.
Notwithstanding the above proposal, the Government of Malaysia reminds the
Government of the Republic of Singapore that the dispute over Pulau Batu Puteh has
already been referred to the .International Court of Justice and in this regard neither
country can credibly rely upon any of its actions in respect of the M. V. Everise Glory to
bolster its respective claim to sovereignty before the International Court of Justice.
Therefore, the Government of Malaysia strongly calls upon the Government of the
Republic of Singapore to immediately cease any unilateral action in respect of the
413
414
removal of the wreck in accordance with the aforementioned general understanding
between the Foreign Ministers of both countries to resolve this issue in a friendly
manner.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia avails itself of this opportunity to
renew to the High Commission of Republic of Singapore the assurances of its highest
consideration.
High Commission of the Republic of Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Putrajaya, 2 August 2005
Annex 64
Singapore's Note JvlFA/SEA/00026/2005 dated 3 Aug 2005

MF A/SEA/00026/2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore
presents its compliments to the High Commission of Malaysia and has the
honour to refer to Diplomatic Note No. EC 76/2005 dated 2 August 2005 from
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia, pertaining to the removal of the
sunken vessel Everise Glory.
The Government of Singapore is agreeab]e to Malaysia's proposal for
bilateral discussions, with a view to reaching mutually acceptable arrangements
concerning the removal of the wreck. This meeting will be without prejudice to
either Government's claim to sovereignty over Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and
South Ledge. In light of Malaysia's request that the meeting take place as soon
as possible, Singapore offers to host this meeting on Thursday 4 August 2005
at 3.00 pm, or on Friday 5 August 2005 at 9.00 am. The venue will be the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore. The delegation list from Singapore is
attached at Annex. In order to ensure an expeditious resolution of this issue,
Singapore suggests that Malaysia also includes representatives from the relevant
technical agencies in their delegation.
The Singapore Govennnent wishes to highlight that prior to receipt of
Malaysia's proposal to meet, the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore had
already set in motion the process for the complete removal of the v.-reck, in light
of the fact that the owner of Everise Glory has failed to comply with the
Maritime and Port Authority's notice to remove the wreck. The Maritime and
415
416
Port Authority of Singapore is prepared to delay commencement of actual
removal works in light of the impending meeting. However the Singapore
Government wishes to highlight that time is of the essence for the removal of
the 'w'reCk, in view of the approaching North East Monsoon. ln the interest of
navigational safety and the protection of the marine environment, the Singapore
Government will have to proceed with the original course of action unless we
are able to reach a mutually acceptable alternative course of action within the
next one week.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore avails
itself of this opportunity to renew to the High Commission of Malaysia the
assurances of its highest consideration.
SINGAPORE
3 August 2005
The High Commission of Malaysia
Singapore
SINGAPORE DELEGATION
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1. Professor Tommy Koh
Ambassador-at-Large (Leader)
2. Mr Kwok Fook Seng
Deputy Dirnctor, Southeast Asia Directorate
3. Ms Disa Sim
Assistant Director, Southeast Asia Directorate
Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore
4. Mr Parry Oei
Chief Hydrographer
5. CAPT Muhammad A Segar
Director Ports and Port Master
6. CAPT Lee Cheng Wee
Deputy Port Master
Attorney-General's Chambers
7. Mr Lionel Yee
Senior State Counsel
8. Mr Pang Khang Chau
Deputy Senior State Counsel
417
ANNEX

Annex 65
Malaysia's Note No. EC 77/2005 dated 3 Aug 2005

EC 77/2005
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia presents its compliments to the
riigh Commission of the Republic of Singapore and has the honour to refer to
Diplomatic Note MFA/SEA/00026/2005 dated 3 August 2005 from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Singapore concerning the removal of the wreck
of the Malaysian vessel the M.V. Everise Glory.
The Government of Malaysia welcomes Singap0re1s concurrence with
Malaysia's proposal and its offer to host the meeting. The Government of
Malaysia is tentatively agreeable that the meeting be held at the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, Singapore on Friday S August 2005 at 9.00 am but will provide
confirmation on the afternoon of Thursday, 4 August 2005 through diplomatic
channels. The delegation of Malaysia will be headed by Raja Datuk Malik
Saripulazan, Director General, Marine Department, Peninsular Malaysia. The list
of the Malaysian delegation will be conveyed in due course.
While the Government of Malaysia recognizes that time is of the essence
to ensure safety of navigation in the area concerned, the Government of
Malaysia is of the view that it is highly inappropriate and rejects the placement of
any deadlines for discussions. The Ministers of Forefgn Affairs of both countries
have agreed that this issue be resolved in a friendly manner and accordingly
these discussions should be held in that positive spirit.
419
1 420 1
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia avails itself of this opportunity
to renew to the High Commission of Republic of Singapore the assurances of its
highest consideration.
High Commission of the Republic of Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Putrajaya, 3 August 2005
Annex 66
Joint Statement from the Governments of Malaysia and Singapore
on Removal of Sunken Vessel M V Everise Glory dated S Aug 2005

Press Releases
05/08/2005
Removal of sunken vessel M.V. Everise Glory: Joint statement from the
Governments of Malaysia and Singapore
REMOVAL OF SUNKEN VESSEL M.V. EVERISE GLORY
JOINT STATEMENT FROM THE GOVERNMENTS OF MALAYS IA AND
SINGAPORE
5 AUGUST 2005
1. The Officials of the Governments of Malaysia and Singapore met at the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs, Singapore on 5 August 2005 to exchange views on the removal
of the sunken vessel M.V. Everise Glory which lies approximately 7 nautical miles
North East of Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, following a collision on 4 June 2005.
2. Discussions were conducted in an open and hiendly atmosphere, with both sides
gaining a deeper understanding of each other's concerns.
3. The Governments were in agreement that the safety of international navigation
was of primary consideration, and that the consensus reached is without prejudice
to claims by both countries concerning sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu
Puteh, Middle Rocks and South ledge, which is currently before the International
Court of Justice. It cannot be interpreted as a change in the position of any party
with regard to the sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks
and South ledge.
4. The Governments recognised that the decision on the method for removing the
hazard posed by the sunken vessel depends on a multitude of factors, including the
specific location of the wreck in the middle of one of the world's busiest sealanes,
at a point where there is heavy converging and crossing traffic, the width of the
sealane, the safety of the salvage operation, the protection of the marine
environment and the interests of the international maritime community.
5, Both Malaysia and Singapore entered into discussions in the spirit of good
neighbourliness and good faith. with close bilateral relations as the cornerstone of
the discussions. After taking all factors into consideration, both Governments
agreed that the sunken vessel should be completely removed. The conclusion of
this meeting resolves the issue on the extent of wreck removal of M.V. Everise
Glory. The two Governments also agreed that this agreement is not intended ta set
a precedent on wreck removal as each case has to be considered on its own merit.
MFA Homepage
Close Window
http://app.mfa.gov .sg/intemet/press/view _press_ email.asp?post_id= 1409
421