INTERNATl()NAI~ C()URl., ()F JUSTICE
CASE C()NCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER
PEDRA HRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH,
MIDDLE ROCKS AND S()UTH LED(;E
MALAYSIA/SINGAPORE
REPLY OF MALAYSIA
VOLUME2
ANNEXES
25 NOVEMBER 2005
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER PEDRA
BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH, MIDDLE ROCKS &
SOUTH LEDGE
MALAYSWSINGAPORE
REPLY OF MALAYSIA
Volume2
Annexes
25 November 2005
Anne1
(MR)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
LIST OF ANNEXES
VOLUME2
DOCUMENTARY ANNEXES
Title of Document
Wubeizhf Chart Completed by Mao Yuanyi in about 1621 and English
translation (by Malaysia)
Extracts of Letter from Elout, Dutch Minister of Colonies, to the GovernorGeneral
of the Netherlands East-Indies, 31 August 1824, Dutch original
and English translation
Letter from the Government oflndia to John Crawfurd, 4 March 1825
Extracts of Report from Mr C. van Angelbeek to Governor-General of the
Netherlands East-Indies on his mission to Riau, 1825, original and English
translation (by Malaysia)
Letter from John Crawfurd to the Secretary to the Government of India, 16
August 1825
Extracts of Copy of Report of Ch. van Angelbeek on his mission to Riau
1825, original and English translation (by Malaysia)
Extract from John Crawfurd, Journal of an Embassy from the GovernorGeneral
of India to the Courts of Siam and Cochin China; Exhibiting a
View of the Actual State of Those Kingdoms, London: Colburn, 1828.
Reproduced with an Introduction by David K. Wyatt, Historical Reprints,
Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1967
Extracts of Letter by the Resident of Riau to the Director of Finance and
Domains ("lands middelen en domeinen '1 dated 12 July 1833, original and
English translation (by Malaysia)
Letter from Governor Butterworth to Purvis & Co., 30 October 1844
Letter from Governor Butterworth to Rear Admiral Sir Cochrane C. B., 8
December 1845
Letter from S . C ongalton, Commander of H. C. Steamer H ooghly t o T.
Church, Resident Councillor of Singapore, 12 January 1846
Letter from T. Church, Resident Councillor of Singapore to the Governor
of the Straits Settlement, 13 January 1846
Dispatch oft he G ovemment of India to the Court o f Directors, 3 March
1849
Letter from Seton Karr, Under Secretary to the Government of Bengal to
Governor Butterworth, 19 April 1849
15. Letter from Governor Butterworth to T. Church, Resident Councillor of
Singapore, 12 December 1849
16. Letter from Governor W. J. Butterworth to the Worshipful Master of the
Lodge Zetland in the East, 9 March 1854
17. Letter from Governor W. J. Butterworth to the Worshipful Master of the
Lodge Zetland in the East, 12 August 1854
18. Extracts of Charles Burton Buckley, An Anecdotal History of Old Times in
Singapore (Singapore: Fraser & Neave (1902), reprinted in Kuala Lumpur:
University of Malaya Press (1965)), pp. 437, 520, 546
19. "Obsn for fixing rocks around Batu Puteh", by Mr A. Velu Pillai, from
"Survey Department Federation of Malaya, Topographical Branch, Angle
Book TRIG 1524 for Survey of Sheet 135, Season 1959", taken on 2, 10,
11, 14 and 15 October 1959
20 Out Telegram from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia (Wisma
Putra) to All Missions, 20 December 1979
21. Talking Points Concerning Singapore by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Malaysia, 21 Dec~mber 1979
22. Extracts from John Hall-Jones & Christopher Hooi, An Early Surveyor in
Singapore. John Turnbull Thomson in Singapore 1841-1853, Singapore:
National Museum Singapore, 1979, pp. 11-19, 114-115
23. Loose Minute by Mr. Ahmad Fuzi B. Hj. Abdul Razak, Principal Assistant
Secretary (Political), Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia, 21 January
1980
24. Photographs of Pulau Pisang taken on 4 April 2003, Source: Land Office
of Pontian, J ohor, Malaysia
25. Major Masonic Events in South East Asia in the past 150 Years, from
http:/ /web.singnet.com.sg/~masonry/eventsea.htm
26. "Report in respect of the forensic examination of the letter from W.J.
Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to G. A. Bushby (Secretary to the Government of India) dated 26 August
1846", prepared by Mr. Wong Kong Yong, Document Examiner, Forensic
Division, Department of Chemistry, Malaysia, 21 September 2005
11
Map Annex 1
Map Annex2
Map Annex3
Map Annex4
Map Annex 5
MAP ANNEXES
Title of Map
"Map of Singapore Island and its Dependencies. Copied by
permission from the Government Surveys, Singapore, 1852"
Sketch of the British Settlement of Singapore According to the
treaty of the 2nd of August 1824, by Lieut. P. Jackson, Assistant
Engineer
Singapore, 1924, Sheet No. 1 and 16-sheet map compilation, on a
Scale of 20 Chains to an Inch, published under the direction of
the Surveyor General F.M.S. & S.S., showing legend (Map 15 in
the :MM)
''Singapore", Sheet NA-48 of the World 1:1,000,000 Series GSGS
4646 produced by the UK War Office, Edition 5 of Sheet NA-48,
1954 (this sheet forms the top half of the compilation in Map 26
of Memorial of Malaysia Map Atlas)
Recently declassified United States Department of State map of
the area of the entrance to the Singapore Strait, Sheet NA 48-10,
1990s
iii
DOCUMENTARY ANNEXES
ANNEX MR 1
Wubeizhi Chart Completed by Mao Yuanyi in about
1621 and English translation (by Malaysia)
1
7
I
I
2
6
9
13
,
'
15
• • . .. . " ,, ii
Translation in English by the
Malaysian Institute of Translation
1
Wubeizhi*1-volume 238
Divination*2 and geographical landscape
Geographical landscapes --- No. 49
The minority races ---- No. 16
Study on Annan
Compiled by Mao Yuanyi
Annan in the Tang Yu era was known as Nan Jiao; in the Qin dynasty it was known
as Xiang Jun. In the beginning of Han dynasty, it was occupied by Zhao Too from
Nan Yue region. Then, Emperor Wu Di of Han dynasty conquered Nan Yue and
allocated three prefectures namely, Jiao Zhi, Jiu Zhen and Ri Nan. During the
Emperor Guang Wu era, two sisters Zheng Ce and Zheng Er rebelled and Ma Yuan
succeeded in suppressing them. During the Jian An era, the area was renamed Jiao
Zhou, ........... I
* 1Literally means "treatise on warfare preparedness". This is a famous book on war
tactics in the late Ming dynasty.
* 2 Divine by astrology and other natural phenomena.
Up~r
12 Lunar
Month
Festive
Port
9
Dai Mao
Precious
Stone
Sand Bar
12
West
Director
1 2
11
East
Director
2
6 5
~
~
4
Spirit
Mountain
3
Chicken
Basket
7 Mountain
~
~
At Spirit Mountain use Ren Zi and Dan Ren
directions for 5 Gen distance. 10
5
Top
Round
Mountain
11 12 13
4
Woodin The
Bamboo
3
10
14 False
---- Island
Trap
Elephant
17
Small
Kun
Lun
1
Divine On 12th
Lunar Month
Festive Country
15
!fuel
~
18 19
2
12th Lunar
7
Divine
River
Mouth
16
KunLun
6
Cooking
Vessel
Cover
Mountain
20 Mountain 21
Small Large Bamboo Bin Lang
Sand Bar
22
White Rock
Batu Puteh
Turbulence Turbulence Island
Out from Kun Lun Mountain use Gui Chou direction for 15 Geng distance to reach Mount
Red Trap Pit, then use Chou Gen and Dan Gen direction 23
27
Coper
Drum
Mountain
24
I\VuPil
~ 26
East
Snake
Basket
2
~
~
1
Brush
Holder
Mountain
3
Plough
Head
5
Rhinoceros
Hom
Mountain
4
4
Siam
Country
~~---~------------------_______________ ___...-/
9
JiaoLan
Mountain
8
JiaLi Ma
Da
7
Twelve
Sons
Mountain
Zhong Bu
Shallows
7
Dai Mao
Precious
Stone
Island
9
Java
Country
5
6
3
Buddha
5
Stone
Stripe
Sand
Bar
4
Horse
Saddle
Mountain
2
Red
Trap
Pit
Ding Jia Xia Road 8
Official
Personnel
Island
Stone
Mountain
6
161 Jiao Yuan' 1~---GIsl-aon-da t~
~
24
Cool
Umbrella
Rock
Three
Wheat
Island
6
5
Hun Xia
Pond
Three 14
Horn
Island
Yan Dun
Island
18
1
Na
9
Cat
Mouse
Island
~ 21
u
19
Chao
Shao Chu
Mu
22
23
Lan Bang
Port
Horse 33
Saddle
Mountain
Stone
20 Reef
MaCi
Walsland
28
Sulfur
Island
29
Elder and
Younger
Aunt
Mountain
7
.... 5 Gen distance to white rock 2
West 6
Bamboo Stone 4
~8
Mountain Reef Funnel
g
East 7 Island 3
Bamboo NingMa 5
Mountain Mountain
After the white rock, use Gui Chou and Dan Gui direction for 5 Gen distance straight to
Mount East Bamboo Mountain. After East Bamboo Mountain use Zi Chou and Dan Gui
13
direction ....... 9
Dragon Tooth l l
Passway/
Dragon Teeth
Strait
Three
Buddha
Island 17
Hundred
Palembang
19
Rhinoceros
Hom
12
Government
Official Island
16
West
Port
Peng Jia
Mountain
20
Dig Gold
Mountain
14
East
Port
Coconut
Embankment
2
Temasek
(Singapore)
PiPa 4
Island
8
1
DaNaXi
Island
Government 3
Official Island
Ship uses Yi Cheng and Dan Chen direction to Long Waist Island and sail to Dragon Tooth Pass Way 6
~
13 Sugar
Grain
Shallows
16
Benevolence
Rock
17
Niu Hun
Rock
11
Cow
12 Dung
Cool Rock
Umbrella
Island
1
Gan Ba
Pass Way
19
Red Hom
Mountain
10
PiPa
Playing
Island
14
East Luck
Mountain
8
Horse
Saddle
Mountain
20
7
White Rock
Batu Puteh
9
Big
Turtle
Mountain
Sideways
Mountain
3
Governor
Factory
13
2
I Mam~a 1
6
Sail from Malacca use Chen Xun
direction for 5 Gen distance straight
to Shoot Arrow Mountain
~
~ Sugar
Grain
Rock
9
I
Shoot Arrow
Mountain
(Gunung Banang)
4 I Hun Song Island I
5
Use Chen Xun direction for 3 Gen distance
straight to Hun Song Island. Use Dan Xun
direction to Luckv Door (Karimun)
Flat Sand g
Bar
Ghost
Island IO
11
White
sand
4
Ji NaDa
Mountain
5
2
Silk
Floss
Island
10
1
False
Five
Island
Silk Floss
Shallows
8
Chen Xun direction
for 15 Gen distance
Dragon 9
Tooth Jia
Er
Mountain
14
Nan Fu
Mountain
JiaEr
Port
10
... To Chicken Bone Island use Dan Chen and Chen Yi direction for 3 Gen
distance. Straight to Silk Floss shallows, use Yi Chen and Dan Chen
directions ... .... 6
7
Chicken
Bone
Island
13
Submerged
Rock
12
Gold
Island
11
Double
Island
2
Gu Li
YouBu
Dong 3
LongYaJiao
Yi (Langkawi)
Single
Island 8
11
Bin Lang
Island
(Penang)
Lord
Chen
Island
7
~
~
Double 6
Island
.... Use Chen Xun direction 5 Gen distance to Gan Bei Port. Use Chen Xun direction 15 Gen distance
straight to Ya Lu. Use Yi Zhen direction 5 Gen distance to Single Island.
Use Chen Xun direction 4 Gen distance to Double Island. Use Dan Xun and ...... 9
14
Residents
present
13
Rock
Castle
Mountain
11
BanZu
15
Cool
Umbrella
Island
2
~
L_J
--sm-ffflmJ~ajapahit use Qian
Xu direction 2 Gen
distance. 4
5
Governor
Factory
12
1
Solitary
Hanging
Tip
Mountain
Sail from Majapahit use Cho Yi Chen direction
for 5 Gen distance !lllM't"!li'T"lve at swift water gulf Ba Lu
Tou 3
I Maj~pruritl
Swift
water gulf
5
Horse
Ship
Rock
13
2
I oawm I
7
Bamboo
Plate
Rock
3
Martanban
(in Burma)
DaWai
Mountain
Dai Wai 8
Island
Sailing from Dragon Saliv across ocean, use Dan
from~n..):"~·,...~,:r-c!'aliva Island. use Xin Xu direction .... 10
11
Hat
Mountain
17
Tiger Tail
Rock
~tar 12 Partition 13
~ Mountain
~15
16
Residents
present
~
L::J
~
~9
14
Big&
Small
Color
Face
14
4 3
Red Soil
Mountain ~
L.:::J
2
Xiao Mo
Mountain
1
DaMo
Mountain
5
Tortise
Head
Mountain
7
Fall Pit
Mountain
8
An De
Man
Mountain
10
9 Gold
North
Island
Flat Head
Mountain
6
Properous
Horse
Mountain
11
Green
Orchid
Island
..... 40 Gen distance. Then, use Xin You direction for 50 Gen distance and Sri Lanka
can be seen. 12
.... Gen distance can see Green Orchid Island. Use Yue Xin direction for 30 Gen distance.
Use Xin You direction for 50 Gen distance and Sri Lanka can be seen. 13
14
Dragon
Saliva
Island
4
Bamboo
Plate
Rock
CJ
3
Nine
Officials
Shallows
15
------------
HuaGai
WuZhi 5
Er Jiao
ANNEXMR2
Extracts of Letter from Elout, Dutch Minister of
Colonies, to the Governor-General of the
Netherlands East-Indies, 31 August 1824, Dutch
original and English translation (by Malaysia)
Letter of instruction from Elout, Dutch Minister of Colonies, to the Governor-General of
the Netherlands East-Indies, dated 31 August 1824.
Source: National Archives, The Hague, 2.21.007.57, inv. no. 122, dated 31 August 1824.
Translation provided by Malaysia:
"The twelfth Article by which the Netherlands renounces all its voices of
protest against the possession of Singapore by British officials, will
necessarily prompt the conclusion of an arrangement with the Sultan of
Lingga. Your Excellency will have to make it clear to the Sultan that the
mutual interests of both European Powers have made it necessary to
effectuate a certain separation between their own possessions and those of
their indigenous allies, and that thereto it has become necessary to include
in that arrangement that part of the Kingdom of Johor which is situated
within the British sphere of influence; conversely, the possessions and
territories which belong to the Sultan and which are situated within the
boundaries of the Dutch government, have been confirmed once again and
in a decisive way, and with the guarantee of the traditional friendly
relations with the Netherlands, with the effect that south of the Straits of
Singapore no British authority exists, [ and] that His Excellency himself
will note that the dismemberment of a part of his territories will not
amount to an essential loss for His Excellency, particularly after the acts
of the Temenggong of Johor by which his influence in these regions was
already nil."
The original text in Dutch reads:
"Het twaalfde Artikel bij hetwelk Nederland van alle vertoogen tegen het bezitten
van Singapoera door de Britsche gezagvoerders afziet, zal noodwendig aanleiding
geven tot het treffen van eenige schikkingen met den Sultan van Lingen. Uwe
Excellentie zal aan dien Vorst dienen te kennen gegeven, dat de wederzijdsche
belangen der beide Europeesche Mogendheden het noodzakelijk gemaakt hebben
zekere scheiding tusschen hunner eigen bezittingen en die van hunne Inlandsche
bondgenoten te maken, en dat daarvoor noodig geworden is, dat gedeelte van het
Rijk van Djohor, hetwelk binnen de grenzen der Engelsche beheering gelegen is,
aan dezer beschikking over te laten; dat daartegen de eigendommen en Landen
aan den Sultan behoorende, en onder de grenzen van de Nederlandsche Regering
liggende, opnieuw en krachtiglijk zijn bewaard geworden, en de oude
vriendschappelijke betrekkingen met Nederland gewaarborgd, zoo dat ten zuiden
van de Straat Singapoera geen Britsch gezag bestaat dat Z.H. zelve gevoelen zal
dat de afscheiding van een deel zijner landen, na al hetgeen voorgevallen is,
bijzonderlijk na de gedragingen van den Tomraagong van Djohor voor Z.H. geen
wezenlijk verlies uitmaakt, als blijkende daaruit, dat zijn invloed in die streken
reeds vroeger nietig was."
The relevant parts of the original document in Dutch are reproduced on the next
pages of Annex 2.
ANNEXMR3
Letter from the Government of India to
John Crawfurd, 4 March 1825
National Archives of India
Foreign Department Proceedings (Microfilm Copy)
Consultation Date: 6 January - 29th December 1825
Date of Letter: 4th March 1825
Folio: 219
Extract from a letter to Mr. Crawfurd dated 4th March 1825
Para 4. It was undoubtedly expedient and consistent with a just
forecast to include in the Cession of Singapore the several Islets lying
within a certain distance of the shore, and the government agrees with
you, that our acquisition of these Islets is not at variance with the
obligations of the Treaty concluded at London in March last, as they are
all situated North of the Southern limits of the Straights of Singapore,
The Hon'ble Court indeed, in a dispatch recently received has ordered
these Islets to be taken possession of by the British Authorities and you
have been already instructed accordingly. The question stated in your
dispatch of the 1st October whether the Settlements of Rhio is to be
retained or relinquished by the Dutch will be referred for the
consideration of the Home Authorities.
Ordered that a copy of the foregoing Extract from correspondence
with the Resident at Singapore be sent to the General Department
whence the question regarding Rhio will be referred for the consideration
of the Home Authorities in connection with the subject of the Dispatch
from the Government of Prince of Wales dated 8th April.
(A true Extract)
(Sd) Geo: Swinton-Secy. To Govt.
~• <II :1:/ .:'-_;~•Aw
- . :·.
ANNEXMR4
Extracts of Report from Mr C. van Angelbeek to
Governor-General of the Netherlands East-Indies
on his mission to Riau, 1825, original and
English translation (by Malaysia)
Report from Mr C. van Angelbeek, Malay translator of the government, to GovernorGeneral
of the Netherlands East-Indies, 1825.
Source: K.ITL V (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asia and Caribbean Studies),
Leiden, Western Manuscript Collection, D H 494, Copy Report of Ch. van Angelbeek on
his mission to Riau, 1825, pp. 2-3.
Translation provided by Malaysia:
"I departed from Batavia on 6th March of this year before arriving safely in Singapore on
10th April, where I was most graciously received by the British Resident to whom I
delivered the private letter from Your Excellency, in which you requested that he apprise
me of those points in the London Treaty, concerning the division of the Malay Empire,
about which some doubt may still exist in light of the conclusion of the treaty with the
brother of the Sultan of Lingga and Bintang and the Temenggong of Johor, in August of
last year, by which complete ownership is ceded to the English East India Company of
the island of Singapore, with the islets, seas, straits and canals belonging to it up to a
distance of ten geographical miles of Singapore, with the exception of the side of the
peninsula, in consideration of which the Company paid to the aforementioned persons a
sum of fifty thousand Spanish mats as well as a monthly income of thirteen hundred
Spanish mats to the first and seven hundred Spanish mats to the latter.
The Resident, Mr Crawfurd, brought this treaty to my attention so that the Supreme
Government of the Netherlands East Indies might be aware of the nature of the current
relationship between the English East India Company and Sultan Hussein and the
Tommongong of J ohore, and because, as a result of His Majesty, the King of the
Netherlands, ceding the same right to the Malay peninsula in the Treaty of London, all
doubt concerning the legality of the Singaporean Treaty has disappeared. Furthermore,
the latter can be regarded as a formal recognition of Tunku Hussein and the Tomongong
of Johore as sovereigns over that part of the states of Sultan Abdel Rahman Shah.
Moreover, this treaty does not include a single article that is inconsistent with the London
Treaty even though the former was concluded before news of the conclusion of the latter
was received."
The original text in Dutch reads:
"Ik heb Batavia verlaten op den 6de Maart dezes jaars en ben, op den 10 April daar aan
volgende behouden te Singapoera aangekomen, de Britisch Resident, wien ik den
particuliere brief van uwe excel aanbood, heeft mij met veel minzaamheid ontvangen en
mij ten gevolge van het door UE by geducht missive gedaan verzoek, om zich met my te
willen verstaan omtrent die punten van bet Londensch Tractaat, welke de scheiding van
het Maleische Rijk betreffen, waaromtrent nog eenige bedenking mogt bestaan, kennis
gegeven, van het sluiten van het tractaat met den broeder van den Sultan van Lingga en
Bintang en den Tommongong van Djohor, in de maand Augustus van het verleden jaar,
bij welk tractaat aan de Engelsche EiC in vollen eigendom wordt afgestaan het eiland
Singapoera met de daaraan behorende eilandjes, zeeen, straten, en kanalen op den afstand
van tien geographische mijlen van daar gelegen, met uitzondering van de zijde van het
schiereiland; waartegen de Compagnie, aan de gemelde personen uitbetaald een som van
$50,000 vijftig duizen spaansche matten/en hun daarenboven een maandelijksch inkomen
toelegd, aan den eersten van $1300 dertien honderd spaansche matten/ en aan den
laatstgenoemden van 700 zeven honderd spaanschematten.
De heer resident Crawfurd heeft dit tractaat ter mijine kennis gebragt, op dat de Hooge
Regering van Nederlandsch-Indie mogt vememen op welken voet de Engelsche OostIndische
Compagnie tegenwoordig met den Sultan Hoessein en den Tommonggong van
Djohor staat; en dewijl zijne Majesteit de Koning der Nederlanden, by het tractaat van
London heeft afstand gedaan van deszelfs regt op het Maleisische Schier Eiland, zoo is
allen twijfel omtrent de wettigheid van het Singapoerasch verbond , dat tevens als eene
formeele erkenning van Tongkoe Hoessien en den Tomonggong van Djohor, als
souvereinen over dat gedeelte der staten van den Sultan Abdul Rachman Shah kan
worden aangemerkt, verdweenen.
Hetzelve bevat overigens geen eenig Artikel dat strijdig is aan het Londonsch tractaat,
ofschoon hetzelve, voordat de tijding van het sluiten daarvan ontvangen was, is
aangegaan."
The relevant parts of the original document in Dutch are reproduced on the next pages of
Annex 4.
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A--~ •-•ra~·::: -
Gen1 Dept
Thursday
Foreign
Foreign Proceedings 1825 (6th January - 29 December)
Folio: 495-496
Dated: 16th August 1825
National Archive India (Microfilm Copy)
Fort William 13th October 1825
At a Council Present
The Right Honble William Pitt
Lord Amherst.
Governor General President
His Excellency General
The Right Honble Stapleton
Lord Combermere G. C. B.
Commander in Chief
and
The Honble J. H. Harington, Esqre
The Honble John Fendall, Esqre
Absent from India position
Read and Approved the Proceedings of the 6th Instant
Resident Singapore
No.1
Residt Singapore
To Charles Lushington Esqre
Secretary to the Govt
Fort William
Dated 16th Augt s,· r
'
In obedience to the instructions contained in your letter of the 13th of
January directing that the islets or islands in the Straits of Singapore should be
taken possession of on the part of the British Govt. as well as in conformity to the
Treaty concluded on the 2nd of August last with the native Princes, I have the honour
to report that having taken up a convenient Ship for the purpose, I circumnavigated
the Island of Singapore, and took possession, with the necessary formalities of all
the Islands lying within 10 miles of the main Island of Singapore which includes
those forming the Northern boundary of the Straits of that name.
I have &ca
(Sd) J. Crawfurd
Resident
Singapore
16th August 1825
No.2
To Resident at
Singapore
dated 13th Oct'
ent at Singapore
To J. Crawfurd Esqre
Resident at Singapore
Sir,
I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your dispatch of the 16th
of August notifying your having taken possession of all the Islands lying within 10
miles of Singapore in pursuance of the Instructions of the Governor General in
Council dated the 13th of January last.
2. His Lordship in Council being desirous to possess a Map or Chart of
Singapore with the above possessions annexed to it, you are requested to cause a
document of that description to be constructed and transmitted to this Presidency.
I have &ca
(Sd) C. Lushington
Secy. to the Govt
Fort William
13th of October 1825
ANNEXMR6
Extracts of Copy of Report of Ch. van Angelbeek
on his mission to Riau 1825, original and
English translation {by Malaysia)
Report from Mr C. van Angelbeek, Malay qanslator of the government, to GovernorGeneral
of the Netherlands East-Indies, 1825.
Source: KITL V (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asia and Caribbean Studies),
Leiden, Western Manuscript Collection, D H 494, Copy of Report of Ch. van Angelbeek
on his mission to Riau, 1825, p. 2.
Translation provided by Malaysia:
" ... by which complete ownership is ceded to the English East India Company of
the island of Singapore, with the islets, seas, straits and canals belonging to it up
to a distance of ten geographical miles of Singapore, with the exception of the
side of the peninsula ... "
The original text in Dutch reads:
" ... bij welk tractaat aan de Engelsche EiC in vollen eigendom wordt afgestaan
het eiland Singapoera met de daaraan behorende eilandjes, zeeen, straten, en
kanalen op den afstand van tien geographische mijlen van daar gelegen, met
uitzondering van de zijde van bet schiereiland ... "
The relevant parts of the original document in Dutch are reproduced in Annex 4.
ANNEXMR7
Extract from John Crawfurd, Journal of an Embassy -
from the Governor-General of India to the Courts of
Siam and Cochin China; Exhibiting a View of the
ActuafState of Those Kingdoms, London: Colburn,
1828. Reproduced with an Introduction by
David K. Wyatt, Historical Reprints, Kuala Lumpur:
Oxford University Press, 1967
JOURNA.L OF AN EMBASSY
TO THE
COURTS OF SIAM AND
COCHIN CHINA
JOHN CRAWFURD
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
DAVID K. WYATT
OXFORD
IN ASIA
Historical
Reprints
~
KUALA LUMPUR
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON NEW YORK
1967
JOURNAL
OF AN
EMBASSY
FROM THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
TOTBE
COURTS OF SIAM AND COCHIN CHINA;
EXHIBITING A VIEW
01' THE
ACTUAL STATE OF 'fHOSE KINGDOMS.
BY
JOHN CRA WFURD, ESQ., FRS., FLS., FGS., &c.
LATE ENVOY.
LONDON:
HENRY COLBURN, NEW BURLINGTON Sl'REE'l".
18!8.
EMBASSY TO SIAM
cavities I measured, and found to be four feet three inches long, two
feet broad, and eighteen inches deep.•
Jan. 19.-At twelve o,clock to-day we passed the narrow channel of
.tbe Rabbit and Coney, the western entrance of the Straits of Singapore,
and soon found ourselves surrounded in every 'direction by beautiful verdant
islands. The sea was smooth, the sky clear, and the whole prospect
equally novel and pleasing. From the deck there could be counted between
fifty and sixty green and woody islands of various dimensions, and
from the mast-head above seventy. I do not believe there is any part of
the world which can afford a prospect, in its way, of superior beauty, ~nd
this indeed has been observed and confessed by all voyagers. At six o'clock
we anchored in Singapore Roads.
Jan. 21.-Last night my old friend Colonel Farquhar, resident of Singapore,
sent his staff, Captain Davies, on board to invite us on shore. We landed
this morning ; and Mr. Scott, a merchant of this new settlement, and the
son of my respected friend, Mr. Robert Scott, an experienced and most
intelligent merchant of Penang,, hospitably and obligingly gave his house
up for our accommodation. In the evening we dined with Colonel Farquhar,
·and went through the greater part of the new settlement. Notwithstanding
the state of abeyance in which the political question regarding
the settlement was involved, there was universally an air of animation and
activity. Several miles of new road were already formed, and the habitations
were so numerous, and the population so great, that we could hardly
imagine that the whole was the creation of three short years.
Jan. 23.-W e had to-day a visit .from some individuals of the race
of Malays, called Orang-laut,-that is, "men of the sea." They have a
rough exterior, and their speech is awkward and uncouth; -but, in other
• In the autumn of 1825., while resident of Singapore, I visited the Carimon Islands (correctly
written Krimun); the homstone mentioned in the text is confined to the coast, and is merely a
partial and overlaying formation. The interior is composed of granite, with vein$ of white quartz,
and abounds in tin-ore. The inhabitants of the larger island amount to 400 in number.
AND COCHIN CHINA.
respects, I could observe little essential difference between them and
other :Malays. These people have adopted the Mohammedan religion.
They are divided into, at least, twenty tribes, distinguished usually by
the straits or narrow seas they principally frequent. A few of them
have habitations on shore, but by far the greater number live constantly
in their boats, and nearly their sole occupation is. fishing ; those who
are most civilized cultivating a few bananas. They are subjects of the
King of Johore, and the same people who have been called Orang Sallat,
or, " men of the straits ;" -the straits here alluded to being, not the great
Straits of Malacca, which are extensive beyond their coII1prehension, but
the narrow guts running among the little islets that are so abundantly
strewed over its eastern entrance. Under this appellation they have been
notorious for their piracies, from the earliest knowledge of Europeans
respecting these countries.
Jan. 27.-We went yesterday morning along the coast, to the westward,
and visited the new harbour, or Salat Panikam, as it is called by
the Malays. 'l'his harbour is formed by Singapore and the islets which
lie off the western limit of the road.stead. The entrance is narrow and
difficult ; but when a ship is once moored within it, she is secure from
every danger,-from rocks, elements, and even from an enemy, for half
a dozen guns would make it impregnable to any attack from sea.
The prospect we had on entering it was beautiful and unexpected.
We found ourselves completely landlocked, in every direction, by the green
and woody shores of the islands surrounding us ; and the sea, though
considerably ruffled without, was here as smooth as glass. This is a
favourite retreat of the Orang-laut. On our arrival, their proas were
lying along the shore ; but as the flood-tide made, they advanced into
the middle of the channel, and began to fish. Their principal_ mode of
taking · fish is by spearing, arid hence the native name of the Strait,
which has this meaning. The larger fish are followed by the proas,
and easily traced through the water, which is perfectly clear and trans-
G 2
Letter by the Resident of Riau to the Director of Finance and Domains at Batavia, dated
12 July 1833
Source: National Archives, The Hague, 2.10.01, inv. no. 2959.
Translation provided by Malaysia:
" ... the jurisdictional limits of the Singapore port remain, as I view it, determined
to be 10 English miles".
The original text in Dutch reads:
" ... de limite of jurisdictie der Sincapoersche Rheede blijven, die meen ik op
1 O.Engelsche mijlen bepaald is"
The relevant parts of the original document in Dutch are reproduced on the next pages of
Annex 8.
ANNEXMR9
Letter from Governor Butterworth to Purvis & Co.,
30 October 1844
Requesting to be informed
if the amount subscribed
in China towards the
erection of a Light House is
still forthcoming
*$5513
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: V 10
Date: 30th October 1844
Folio: 59
Reel: 109 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
To,
Messrs. John Purvis and C0 •
Gentlemen,
No. 216
Being desirous of again moving the Supreme Government of India
on the subject of a Light House in the vicinity of Pedra Branca in
accordance with the views of the subscribers to the Horsburgh testimonial,
I shall feel greatly obliged by you informing me, if I may intimate that the
sum* alluded to in a letter from Messrs. Matheson and C0 under date the
1st March 1842 sent under your care to the address of the late Governor of
these Settlements is still forthcoming for the above purpose.
Singapore
30th October 1844
I have &ca
W.J. Butterworth
Governor
v/· ...
//,
ANNEX MR 10
Letter from Governor Butterworth to Rear Admiral
Sir Cochrane C. B., 8 December 1845
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: V 11
Date: 8th December 1845
Folio:118
Reel: 111 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
To,
Sir,
No.225
His Excellency
Rear Admiral Sir T. Cochrane C.B.
Commander in Chief of Her Majesty's
Naval Forces in the East Indies and
adjacent Seas.
Ansd 29th Jany
I have the honor to transmit for your Excellency's information, the
accompanying report* of the meeting of the Chamber of Commerce held at *Printed sent
lnorlg1
Singapore on the 1st Instant, to take into consideration the expediency of erecting a
Light House in the neighbourhood of Pedra Branca, to the memory of the late
celebrated Hydrographer James Horsburgh Esquire.
The question is one of such vast importance to the Mariner but I feel assured
I shall be pardoned for soliciting the weight of your Excellency's support to the
measure with the Home authorities, and especially when I mentioned that the
Henry Davidson - 1842
Glenvta -1842
Stork-1844
Venus-1844
Mars-1845
Parsco - 1845
I have &ca
ships noted in the margin have been wrecked in the above vicinity
during the past three years.
Sd) W. J. Butterworth
Governor
Singapore
8th December 1845
ANNEX MR 11
Letter from S. Congalton, Commander of H. C.
Steamer Hooghly to T. Church, Resident Councillor
of Singapore, 12 January 1846
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: BB 63
Date: 12th January 1846
Folio:34
Reel: 10 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
Copy sent to the Governor 13th January 1846
To,
Sir,
The Honorable
T. Church Esquire
Resident Councillor
# # #
I have the honor to inform you of the return of the H.C. Steamer "Hooghly"
from Point Romania with Mr. Thomson, after having remained there from the 9th to
the 11th Inst without being able to make a landing on Peak Rock, to build Brick
Pillars, on account of the sea breaking heavily all round the Rock to nearly a Cables
length.
H.C. Steamer "Hooghly"
Singapore 12th January 1846
SSFR, Reel 10, BB 63, F. 34 12th January 1846
I have the honor
to remain
Sir
Your most Obdt Servant
S. Congalton
Commd
12 January
States that Peak Rock, in which it is intended to build a light house, is inaccessible
during certain seasons of the year owing to the violence of the Sea
SSFR, Reel 1.0, BB 63, F. 34 12th January 1.846
.-.. - ........... -v ..
.. _
...
ANNEX MR 12
Letter from T. Church, Resident Councillor of
Singapore to the Governor of the Straits Settlement,
13 January 1846
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: CC 1.6
Date: 1.3th January 1.846
Folio: 34
Reel: 20 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
71 To The Same [The Honble the Governor]
[Malacca]
Sir,
I do myself the honor to subjoin copy of a letter, dated 12th Inst
from Captain Congalton of the E. I. C. Steam Vessel Hooghly by which it
appears that, should Peak Rock be eventually selected as a suitable
site for a Light House, it will occasionally be inaccessible during the N.E.
Monsoon.
13 January 1846
Reel 20, CC 1.6, F 31., 1.3 January 1.846
I have &ca
Sd) T. Church
Resident Councillor
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: BB 63
Date: 12th January 1846
Folio:34
Reel: 10 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
Copy sent to the Governor 13th January 1846
To,
Sir,
The Honorable
T. Church Esquire
Resident Councillor
# # #
I have the honor to inform you of the return of the H.C. Steamer "Hooghly"
from Point Romania with Mr. Thomson, after having remained there from the 9th to
the 11th Inst without being able to make a landing on Peak Rock, to build Brick
Pillars, on account of the sea breaking heavily all round the Rock to nearly a Cables
length.
H.C. Steamer "Hooghly"
Singapore 12th January 1846
I have the honor
to remain
Sir
Your most Obdt Servant
S. Congalton
Commd
, - - ... -7 , , > - (j.~
ANNEX MR 13
Dispatch of the Government of India to the Court of
Directors, 3 March 1849
British Library (Microfilm Copy)
India Office: Board of Control's Collection 1796-1858
F/4/2316/119941
India
Marine Department
Collection No. 1
Letter from No. 3 dated 3rd March 1849
2 Colls. to Draft no. 588
of 1849
Transmitting further correspondence relative to the erection of the Horsburgh
Lighthouse
Secretary's Office
Marine Branch
1849
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page I of49
Copy Marine Letter from the Govt. of India dated 3rd March 1849 No. 3
With reference to your Despatch No. 1 dated the 24th February 1847, we have
the honor to transmit the accompanying further correspondence relative to the erection
of the Horsburgh Light House, and to the proposed levy at Singapore of a duty on
shipping, in order to provide for the maintenance of the Building and the necessary
Establishment as well as for the reimbursement of whatever sum the Govt. might be
called upon to advance for the undertaking.
2. Your Hon'ble Court will remember that the original cost of this Building, to be
composed of a granite base with a superstructure of masonry, was estimated at 7000
Dollars or Rs. 15,750. This estimate however was made on the assumption that the
Light House would be erected on Peak Rock near the Outer Romania Island, but
subsequently in consequence of a communication from the Admiralty, forwarded to this
Govt. with your Hon'ble Court's Despatch of 6th May 1846, Pedra Branca was
determined on as the site most eligible in all respects for a Light House, and Lieut. Col1
Butterworth the Governor of the Straits Settlements, now reports that by experiments
which have been made, and which are detailed in the accompanying papers, it has been
fully established that for a Light House on Pedra Branca, it is absolutely necessary that
the entire facing of the structure should be of granite set in cement with a back work of
masonry. The cost of such a building is estimated by Mr. Thomson the Govt. Surveyor at
Rs. 29,417, and this estimate even has been made in "the anticipation that the work will
be given to a Chinese Contractor, as that class are the only people that could undertake
such a work under any limited sum". Mr. Thomson cannot himself, he says, on the
system of daily labor, promise it's being done for double the amount estimated; but he
has every reason to think that under all ordinary circumstances, the actual cost in the
hands of a Chinese Contractor, will not exceed the sum estimated; at the same time he
remarks that a work of the kind "cannot be calculated with the same precision as an
Ordinary Building in Singapore Town". Beyond the sum of Rs. 29,417 for the bare
building, it appears that during the estimated period of the work, which is 2 years, it is
proposed that there shall be an Overseer on 100 a month, and that Mr. Thomson, as a
general Superintendent shall receive 150 Rupees a month and 5 Rupees a day Table
money when proceeding from Singapore and back in the steamer; the entire charge on
this account however not to exceed 500 Rupees during the whole period. It is likewise
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter l) Page2 of49
proposed to employ very extensively the Govt. Steamer and Gun Boats for the carriage
of materials and workmen; the Crews of the Steamer & Boats are to be employed on a
certain part of the work, and 8 convicts are to be employed at Singapore in making the
Cement.
3. The total estimated cost therefore of the proposed building is
Estimate 29,417
Mr. Thomson's allowance of 150 Rs a month for 2 years 3,600
Do ..... Do ..... of 5 Rs a day Table Money 500
Overseer's allowance of 100 a month for 2 years 2400
35,917
Add estimated cost of lantern 15,000
RS 50,917
Exclusive of the use of Govt. Steamers, Gun Boats & ca.
4. The expense of the Establishment now proposed is also slightly increased from
Rs. 2856 to Rs. 3120 per annum.
5. Lieut. Colonel Butterworth reports that he has in hand Rs. 22194, leaving Rs.
28. 723 to be provided for.
6. To meet this deficiency and also to provide for the current expenditure Lieut.
Colonel Butterworth proposed levy of 2 Dollars per 100 Tons of Shipping, which he
calculates would yield annually Rs. 6736 thus leaving after payment of the
establishments Rs. 3616 to go towards the gradual re payment of the sum which it is
hoped that the Govt. will advance to enable this work to be carried out.
7. The data upon which Lieut. Colonel Butterworth has calculated the receipts from
a levy of 2 Dollars per 100 Tons are as follows.
In 1846/47 there cleared out of Singapore 797 Square rigged vessels comprising
231,812 Tons he proposes that §!!_Ships should pay the duty without reference to their
destination, as any distinction of that kind might lead to attempts at evading the levy, and
to consequent litigation; but, as many of the vessels trading to short distances come
backwards and forwards to Singapore 4 or 5 times in the year, he would not make any
ship pay duty more than twice in one year; and this he estimates would have reduced
the chargeable tonnage of 1846/47 to about 150,000 yielding at 2 Dollars per 100 tons
3000 Dollars or 6736 Rs. Lieut. Colonel Butterworth has not reckoned upon anything
from a duty to be levied at the Ports of India on Vessels clearing out for China or other
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 3 of49
places to the Eastward of Singapore, as proposed by your Hon'ble Court in Despatch
No. 6 dated 15th October 1845, as he states that nearly all vessels trading between India
and China touch at Singapore both going and coming.
8. It would not seem from the above that Lieut. Colonel Butterworth has overrated
the amount likely to be realized, and the main question for consideration therefore is
whether your Hon'ble Court are disposed to sanction the levy of so large a duty as Rs.
4.8 per 100 Tons instead of 1 Rupee, the amount authorized in your Hon'ble Court's
Despatch quoted above. We see little reason to doubt that the levy of a duty at the
higher rate will be found amply sufficient to reimburse the Govt. for the advance which is
required to be made, but these is certainly a risk that the amount now asked for, may
after all be found inadequate to complete the work.
9. A question it will be observed is raised by the Govt. of Bengal as to the time from
which the law should authorize the levy of the duty, whether immediately or from the
opening of the Light House.
10. We submit the whole subject anew for the consideration and orders of your
Honorable Court.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
J.H. Maddock
J. H. Littler
J. Lewis
Page 4of49
Copy Marine Letter to the Govt. of India dated 24th February 1847. No. 1
1. Your letter dated 3rd October 1846 in reply to our Despatch of the 6th May
preceding, forwards copy of a Report received from the Governor of Prince of
Wales' Island, Singapore and Malacca, which leaves no doubt as to the
superiority of Pedra Branca over Peak Rock on the outer Romania Island as a
site for the Light House proposed to be erected in the neighbourhood of
Singapore to the memory of Mr. Horsburgh. We concur therefore in your
approval of the choice of the former site.
2. We cannot however assent to the proposal that we should order an iron
light house to be sent out from England.
3. The proposition originally submitted to us was that the Horsburgh
testimonial should be a light house of Masonry which we were informed could be
erected at a cost of 7000 dollars exclusive of the price of a lantern. Of this sum
5513 dollars had been already raised by subscription and to supply the
deficiency, and to provide funds for the current expenses of the Light house
when finished, we authorised the levy of certain dues on shipping.
4. The cost of a suitable Iron light house complete with lantern and lighting
apparatus is stated at £3,000 which added to the cost of erection and of
preparing the foundation would form a sum more than double the estimated cost
of a similar Building of masonry. You have not informed us from what source the
difference of outlay is to be supplied for the only addition which appears to have
been made to the subscriptions previously reported, is a sum of about £500
raised at Bombay and Madras. We stated in our Despatch of the 6th May last,
that we objected on principle to the appropriation to such a purpose of any sum
however small from the General Revenues of India, and we are equally
indisposed to increase the light house dues of which we have authorised the
imposition. We are therefore of opinion that the original design of a tower of
masonry must be carried into execution.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter l) Page 5 of49
Sir,
East India House
6th May 1846
I am commanded by the Court of Directors of the East India Company to transmit
to you copy of a letter from Capt" Hamilton R.N. Secretary to the Admiralty relative to the
Light House proposed to be erected to the Memory of the late Mr. Horsburgh at the
entrance of the Straits of Singapore.
The Court apprehend that progress may have been already made in the
construction of the Lighthouse, but in the event of the work not having been
commenced, they desire that it may be suspended until you have an opportunity of
communicating with the Government of India, to whom a copy of Capt" Hamilton's letter
has been sent.
The Govr. of Prince of Wales' Island,
Singapore, & Malacca
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
I have &ca
/Sd/ James C. Melvill
Secretary
Page 6of 49
Copy
Sir,
Admiralty
18th April 1846
The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having recently received from Rear
Admiral Sir Thomas. Cochrane, the Commr in Chief in the East Indies, that the Chamber
of Commerce at Singapore, with the approbation of the Governor, were exerting
themselves to carry out the long proposed Horsburgh Monument or Light House at the
entrance of Singapore Strait, and that Capt" Sir Edwd Belcher, having been consulted by
the Governor as to the most appropriate site for it had recommended that it should be
placed on the Outer Romania Island instead of on Pedra Branca as originally intended.
I am commanded by their Lordships to request that you will state to the Court of
Directors that the proper position of this Light is a question of great importance', not only
to the safety of H. M. Fleet', but also to the welfare of all Mariners that frequent the
China Seas, and my Lords are inclined to think that Pedra Branca is the best point for
The Secretary
to the Honble East India C0 the Light House, and for the following reasons.
1st_ Because that islet stands nearly in the middle of the entrance of the Strait.
2nd. Because it may be freely approached by running down its latitude.
3rd. Because its conspicuous appearance at the distance of 9 or 10 miles renders it
the usual beacon by which all Vessels endeavour to make the Strait, and by the
addition of a Light, it would be rendered equally serviceable by night, and
4th
• Because when a Vessel has passed it, the stern bearing of the Light would
enable her to shape a safe course to Singapore.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 7 of 49
Whereas if the Light be placed on Romania Island as proposed, ships from the
China Seas, if the weather should be hazy, would run the risk of being entangled
amongst the reefs which surround that Island there being but one direction in which it
would be prudent to run for that Light.
The means of victualling and of defending the Light house, whichever place be
chosen', ought certainly to be well considered but there is no information on that part of
the subject to show that either of the proposed sites have any advantage over the other
in those respects.
Their Lordships however desire me to remark that the rocks and Shoals at
Romania Point seem to require some attention with a view to warning Vessels from
getting entangled amongst them in dark nights.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
I have &ca
/Signed/ W.A.B. Hamilton
Page 8 of49
(Copy)
Marine Letter to the Govt. of India No.4 dated 6th May 1846
We transmit herewith for your information Copy of a letter & of its
enclosure which we have this day caused to be addressed to the Governor of
Prince of Wales Island, Singapore & Malacca, relative to the Light House
proposed to be erected in the Straits of Singapore to the Memory of the late Mr.
Horsburgh.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 9 of49
Copy Marine Letter from India
No 5 dated 3rd October 1846.
With reference to your letter No 6 of 1846 dated 6 May in the Marine Department,
and its enclosure, we have the honor to transmit for the information of Your Honble
Court, copy of a Despatch from the Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore &
Malacca', dated 26 August', to which we have replied that we approve of Pedra Branca
for the position of the Horsburgh Light House to be erected at the entrance of the
Singapore Straits from the China Sea & shall request your Honble Court to take into
consideration the proposition that an Iron Light House be sent from England.
2. We have directed the Governor to notice the observation in the last para: of Mr.
Hamilton's letter dated 18th April to Mr. Secretary Melvill respecting the Rocks & Shoals
at Romania Point which in the opinion of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty
require some attention with a view to warni~g Vessels from getting entangled amongst
them on dark nights.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 10of49
N°. 1363
From Under Secretary to the Govl of Bengal
To
The Under SecY Govt of India
Dated Fort William, 6th October 1848
Sir,
With reference to the letter from Mr. Bushby dated 24th April 1847 N° 284 on the
subject of the Horsburgh Light House, I am directed to forward Copy of a
Communication from the Governor of the Straits, with enclosures in original, for the
consideration of the Supreme Government.
2. It will be remembered that the Court of Directors, after communication with the
Lords of the Admiralty, recommended that a duty should be levied on ships as light
house dues, at one rupee for every hundred tons of shipping, and it must also be borne
in mind that the amount originally estimated as the cost of the Light House, did not
exceed 7000 Dollars of which the sum of 5513 Dollars was available from private
subscriptions raised in different quarters.
3. It will be observed that in his present report, Col1 Butterworth has submitted an
estimate which with the addition of a Cupola for the Light House, and the extra
allowance for the Superintendents of the work during the period of two years, will rather
exceed the sum of Rs 50,000.
4. To meet this the Governor of this Straits has only the sum of Rs 22, 194,6,7, or
not quite one half of the estimated expense.
5. It would thus be necessary for the completion of this work, so long delayed, but
so urgently required for the preservation of our shipping, to advance the requisite funds
from the Revenues of India, and afterwards seek repayments from the Light House
dues.
6. Under a suggestion made by the late Deputy Governor, that these dues be
raised at the rate of two Dollars per hundr~d tons on square rigged vessels, Colonel
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 11 of49
Butterworth has submitted an estimate, which he calculates will leave an excess of
yearly receipts over expenditure to the amount of Rs 3,616, after efficient provision has
been made for the European and native Establishment of the Light House. This or
whatever sum might remain in hand would of course be devoted to the refund of
advances made by Government for the erection of the building.
7. The present question for the Supreme Govt would therefore seem to be the
propriety of advancing the sum of R5 28,223-7-3, to meet the expenses, after the
disbursement of that now in hand, and the enactment of a Law, authorising the levying of
Light House dues on the scale submitted by Col' Butterworth, or on such other as may
be deemed expedient.
8. But the Light House would not be constructed in less than two years from the
time of commencement, and it is therefore to be considered, whether, supposing the Act
for the levy of dues to be passed, any tax could be levied under its provisions while the
Light house was yet incomplete nor must it be forgotten that possibly Colonel
Butterworth's estimate might prove based on erroneous statistics, and that to meet the
requisite demands for current expenditure as well as for the refund, it might actually be
necessary to increase or alter in some degree the scale of dues now proposed.
9. Meanwhile it is obvious that the Light house cannot be completed without
assistance in the shape of an advance to the amount required by Col1 Butterworth, after
the expenditure of the sum now in his hands, and the attention of the Supreme
Government is therefore requested to the above points, in order that while sanctioning
the disbursement applied for, efficient precautions may be taken to established such a
scale of duties as will guarantee Government against loss.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
I have the honor to be & ca
/signed/ W. Seton Karr
Under SecY to the Gol of Bengal
Page 12 of49
True Copy
Home Department
Marine
From The Under Secretary to the Gov1 of Bengal
To The Under Secretary to the Govt of India
d/ sth October 1848
Submitting copy of a communication from the Governor of the
Straits Settlements on plans and Estimate for a proposed Light
House on Pedra Branca and proposal for the levy of Light House
dues at Singapore.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 13 of 49
General No
435 of 1848
From
No. 72
The Governor of P.W. Island
Singapore and Malacca
To
Mr. Seton Karr Esqre
Under Secy to the Govt. of Bengal
Fort William
Dated Singapore 12th June 1848
Sir,
Letter to Govt. d/ 28th Nov. 1844
No. 150;
Letter from D0 • d/ 24th February 1845
No. 510;
Letter from D0 • d/ 4th June 1845 No.
1463;
Letter to D0 • d/ 22nd Aug. 1845 No.
139;
Letter to D0 • d/ 26th Aug. 1846 No.
123;
Letter from D0 • d/ 3rd Oct. 1846 No.
634;
Letter to D0 • d/ 19th December 1846
No. 191;
Letter from D0 • d/ 10th May 1847 No.
426;
With reference to the several
communications noted in the margin regarding the
construction of a Light House on Pedro Branca at
the entrance of the China Sea to the memory of the
celebrated Hydrographer James Horsburg Esquire I
have the honor to submit the accompanying full
report on the subject for the final orders of the Right
Hon'ble the Governor of Bengal.
2. In accordance with the views stated in the 3rd
para: of my letter dated the 1st October 1847', and
Letter to D0
• of 1st Oct. 1847 No. 141; approved by the Hon'ble the Deputy Governor of
Letter from D0 • d/ 22nd Dec. 1847
No. 1066. Bengal, Brick Pillars were erected on Pedro Branca,
Under date the } .
22nd Deer. 1847 the site determined upon for the Horsburg Light
No.
1066 house for the purpose of ascertaining the effect of the
Waves on the Rock during the North East Monsoon', which usually prevails here
from October to February; the result is detailed in Mr. Thomson's Report0
, a copy
0 A of which is herewith transmitted.
3. The exposed position of Pedra Branco renders it subject to the full force of
the North East monsoon and the heavy swell which rolls in from that side, causes
the Waves to beat over the Rock to the height of 15 feet above the level of high
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 14of49
water mark, whilst the spray rises therefrom to so great an Elevation as to make
a structure of Granite set in Cement for a facing with a back work of Brick
imperatively necessary to the security of its inmates and the permanency of the
Light House.
4. Having satisfied myself on this point I directed that very indefatigable and
valuable public servant Mr. Thomson to prepare a plan+ Specification+ &
Estimate for a Building of the discription proposed which with that Gentleman's
observations++. Thereon I beg to enclose for the favorable Consideration &
Sanction of the Right Hon'ble the Governor of Bengal in the hope that I may
receive timely instructions so as to enable the Contractor to send to China for
Stone Masons and to make such other preparations as will ensure this most
important work to the safety of the mariner in these seas being commenced upon
at the earliest practicable period.
5. The Right Hon'ble the Governor of Bengal will perceive on reference to
the enclosures that the Estimate for the building alone amounts to Dollars
13101.78 or Cs Rs 29417-13-10 being considerably in excess of that previously
submitted for a Light House on Peak Rock but when it is remembered that the
latter is only 28 Miles distant from Singapore, whilst Pedra Branco is 40 miles,
and that the one is within a quarter of a mile of the main land of Johore and the
other in mid channel scarcely approachable at certain Seasons of the year that
the first structure was proposed to be wholly of Brick and Chunam and the one
now submitted with a facing of Granite in Cement I am persuaded the charge will
be deemed most moderate.
6. In a work such vast importance so far removed from all resources
requmng such constant supervision and involving so much anxiety and
resonsibility I am persuaded that the remuneration solicited by Mr. Thomson for
himself viz. 150 Rupees per mensem in addition to his salary of Rs 350 as
Government Surveyor, the general duties of which he undertakes to perform also
making 500 R8 per Mensem whilst employed on the Light House will be
cheerfully granted. To this I think may fairly be added table allowance at the rate
of 5 Rupees per Diem, whilst on board the Steamer, when proceeding to and
from Pedra Branco, the total amount to be so drawn during the period the Light
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter l) Page 15 of 49
++++B
The plan is
respectfully
requested
to returned
+Vide
Enclo; B
House is under construction being limited to 500 Rupees. An overseer on 100 R5
per Mensem will also be necessary; Mr Thomson suggests in lieu of the latter an
allowance of 50 Rupees to the Commander of the Gun Boat but as this Vessel
and all the limited marine resources of this settlement will be required in aid of
this humane undertaking, I would prefer the former being at once allowed.
7. The next point to be considered is the Light or Lantern to this subject I am
aware Mr. Thomson has also devoted much study and incurred some little
expense in procuring the latest Works treating thereon. I have therefore very
great confidence in recommending the revolving Light as proposed by that
Gentleman but as the Light Room or Cupola Lamp Frame &c. will have to be
constructed in England I would respectfully suggest that the figure whether
Vertical with 3 faces of 8 Lights each as proposed by Mr Thomson+ , or
quadrilateral with 6 Lights as recommended by the Superintending Engineer0
may be determined on by the party entrusted with this particular Work which can
be commissioned from hence on receiving His Lordships authority or the needful
may be done at once from Bengal on the Document* herewith transmitted. Mr
Thomson Estimates the Light at £ 1500 or C's Rs 15,000 .
8. In order that the Right Hon'ble the Govr may have at one view the several
charges on account of the completion of the Light House I will here recapitulate
them
For Building the House Company's Rupees
Superintendent's allowance at Rs 150
29,417-13-10
per Mensem for 2 years---------- 3,600-0-0
Overseers allowance at 100 Rupees per
per Mensem for 2 years ----------2,400-0-0
Cupola or Light room with Lamps complete 15,000-0-0
Company's Rupees 50,417.13.10
Amount Brought forward ----------50,417.13.10
To meet this I have in the Treasury upon which I trust the Government will be
pleased to allow 5 per cent Interest.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 16of49
•vide
enclsC
C
ovide
enclose.
D
• Vide e
to Lette,
Through the extreme liberality of Messrs Jardine Matheson & C0 who have
allowed Compound Interest on the amount collected by them in China in 1842
the Sum of Company's Rupees - 15,858-3-11.
From the Bombay Chamber of Commerce ----4299-0-9
From the Penang D0
-----------404-2-6
& From that most Philanthropic Gentleman Sir Charles Forbes as his individual
donation the sum of Company's Rs _______ 1,632-15-5 22,194-6-7
Making a deficiency of funds in hand
to meet the contemplated Expenses
Company's Rupees----------------- 28,223-7-3
--------------------
9. Having submitted the whole of the enclosed Documents to the
Superintending Engineer Major Faber of the Madras Engineer Corps; I have
much satisfaction in forwarding his Report* for the information of the Right
Hon'ble the Governor of Bengal and when I mention that no less than 8 Vessels
have been lost in the Vicinity of the ent~ance of the China Seas for the want of
some such Beacon I am persuaded that his Lordship will honor me with early
orders to commence on the Horsburg Light House.
10. It only remains to notice the Establishment which I concur with the
Government Surveyor and Superintending Engineer should consist of 3
Europeans and 3 Natives instead of that formerly proposed. One of each to be
allowed to reside alternatively one month on shore; Provisions being furnished to
those on the Rock by the Commissariat Department, in communication with the
Master Attendant under whose supervision the Light House when completed will
be placed.
The Expense would be as follows:
Three Europeans each at 50 Rs per Mensem - Rs 150-0
Rations for two of Europeans each at 10 R5 2 annas per Mensem ---20-4-
Three natives each at 11 Rs per Mensem 33-0-
Rations for two of Ditto at 3 Rupees 3 annas per Mensem 6-6-
0il Wicks etc 50-6-
per mensem 260-0-0
BL F--4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 17 of 49
* Enclo;D
Pascoa,
Heber,
Henry
David,
Glendina,
Stork,
Venus,
Mars,
Parsee
Making a total annual charge of-------------3, 120.0.0
11. Now allowing the Light House Dues to be levied at the rate mentioned in
the 3rd para: of your letter dated the 22nd December last No. 1066 Viz 2 Dollars
per 100 Tons on Square Rigged Vessels, and taking the No. of Tons of Shipping
at 150,000 independent of Vessels proceeding to and from China without
touching at Singapore as shewn in the enclosure to my letter dated the 1st
October preceding it, which proposes to make payment once a year compulsory
on all square rigged Vessels, clearing out from this Port, without touching the
Native Craft the amount realized annually Singapore would be 3000 Dollars or
6,736 cs Rs which after deducting the annual expenses would give a surplus of
*3,616 cos Rs in liquidation of the advance made by Government to meet the :t~~:~~- above deficiency in Funds for the Construction of the Light House as Ordered in
Expenses the concluding Para: of the Despatch from the Hon'ble the Court of Directors of
3,120
Surplus
3.616
the 15th of October received under cover of Mr. Under Secretary Young's letter
dated the 10th May 1847 No. 426.
I have &ca
12th June 1848
(Signed) W.J. Butterworth
Governor
(True Copy)
(Signed) W. Seton Karr
Under Secy. to the Gov•. of Bengal
N2. 8 of 1848
From J. T. Thomson Esqre
Govt. Surveyor of Singapore
To The Hon'ble T. Church Esqre
Resident Councillor
Dated 8th March 1848
Sir,
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 18 of 49
I have the honor of informing you that I proceeded to Pedro Branca in
pursuance of your verbal instructions to examine the brick Pillars that I built there
prior to the coming on of the North East Monsoon in the Month of October last, I
found now that the Sea is perfectly smooth & a landing easily effected nor do I
think judging from the Report of the Natives that the Sea was much disturbed
since the latter part of February.
As I formerly reported 7 Pillars were built to try the effect of the Waves
upon the Rock and their positions and present state will be more clearly
understood by tabulating them as follows.
1st
• 1 Pillar 10 feet above level }
of High Water fully exposed
to all Wind.
2nd
• 2 Pillars 15 feet above level
of High Water fully exposed to
all Winds.
3rd
. 2 Pillars 15 f above level of
high Water, but well screened
by high Rock on their North
Exposure.
4th
. 2 Pillars 24 f above level
of high Water fully exposed
to all Winds.
Entirely swept away
Swept away excepting lowest
courses of Bricks which are firmly
attached to the Rocks by the
Mortar so could not feel much
the action of the waves
Quite entire
Plaster carried away on their
North Exposure and Mortar in the
joints washed out to the depth of
an inch.
From the above observations of the effects of this last month, I deduce the
following opinions. First that the Rock is washed by the Sea to the height of 15
feet above the level of high Water on its north exposure, but on the same level on
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 19 of 49
its South exposure that the Rock remains untouched by the Waves and is also
but slightly affected by the spray.
Secondly- That on the highest part of the North (24 feet) where exposed a heavy
spray drives over the Rock sufficient to knock off any kind of Plaster or Cement
that could applied to any brick building_ as a Coating. It would have been
desirable to know to what height the spray rises above this elevation but this
cannot be had from actual observation though an idea of its probable height may
be gained by indirect inference.
The North exposure of the Rock is nearly perpendicular faced by a
shallow Cove expanding itself to the full force of the Waves of the China Sea.
The Apex of this Cove was closed under the Rock on which the Light House
would stand it may therefore be safely argued that under such circumstances the
waves will be driven with great force against the perpendicular barrier and the
spray projected to a great height over the Rock for the oscillatory motion of the
deep water waves receiving a sudden and complete check in the shallow Cove,
their force will be expended with concentrated violence at the top of the Cove
against the opposing Rock it is under nearly similar accidental workings of nature
that the Churns or Kirns are formed on Rocky Coasts, where during storms force
the spray to a great height. Two of these have come under my own observation
on the Coast of Northumberland where the spray during storms was projected to
the perpendicular height of 80 to 90 feet. .In designing a Light House therefore for
Pedro Branca it should be calculated to _bear a heavy spray to its full height. I am
consequently of opinion that it would not be prudent to use any thing but Ashlar
Masonry Set in Cement for the facing of the Building with a backing of brick set in
common mortar inside.
In conclusion I may state that we have only had the experiences of one
Monsoon & I am informed by old Residents that they have experienced much
heavier; allowance should therefore be: made for extreme seasons in which it
might be problematical whether the Pillars that have stood the test of this Season
would do so again.
The Pillars were left untouched for future inspection if thought necessary.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 20 of49
Singapore
8th March 1848
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter l)
(True Copy)
(Signed) T. Church
Resident Councillor
(True Copy)
(Signed) W.J. Butterworth
Governor
I have &ca
(Signed) J.T. Thomson
Govt. Surveyor
Page 21 of 49
From
No. 20 of 1848
J. T. Thomson Esq re
Government Surveyor
To The Hon'ble T. Church Esqre
Resident Councillor
Dated 24th May 1848
Sir,
I now do myself the honor of addressing you regarding the Construction of
the Cupola of the Horsburgh Light House and the mode of lighting the building
but before entering into the subject myself I must first notice the opinions
advanced by Officers who have at previous time been consulted by the
Government thereon on perusing the Records in the Government Offices to
which I was permitted access, I can only find two allusions to the subject, of a
very cursory nature. One by the Committee of which Captain Mason of Her
Majesty's Steamer Medea was president and another by Mr. Coleman. The
former recommend a steady fixed light to show all round & not masked in any
way whatever as the most suitable for Pedra Branca while the latter recommends
for Barn Island a position quite analogous at the Western entrance of the Straits
of Singapore a revolving one. The former in support of their opinion in favor of a
fixed light advance, first that it is a central position in the Eastern entrance of the
straits of Singapore, and would be a guide for ships working out to the Eastward.
2nd
• That there being no habitation on the adjacent Land (query why should
there not in future). The Lights of which could possibly be mistaken for that at the
Light House, so as to render it necessary to adopt a revolving or flashing light for
distinction and as it frequently occurs during thick weather in the North East
Monsoon a ship in running down is enable to get observations for some days
previous and is thus liable to be not in her reckoning, the interval that would
elapse between the return of the light either in revolving or flashing, might be of
considerable importance as connected with the safety of the Vessel. The latter in
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 22 of49
support of his opinion in favor of a revolving light advances merely that it may be
easily distinguished from the fires that are frequently made by the Natives in the
surrounding Islands such opposite Opinions arrived at by the above mentioned
Officers, appears to me to have been caused by their not having sufficiently
considered that the object of a revolving light is to obtain a higher power of
illumination with reflectors than can be obtained by a stationary reflecting or
Catoptrie Light and that the brilliancy of the beam sent from them would always
be sufficient to distinguish them from the dull unconcentrated rays emanating
from the Lights made by Natives in their Homes or in the Jungle. With regard to
the second opinion advanced by Captain Mason's Committee, it will appear on
reference to the Chart, that the middle channel 4 Miles wide which ships would
always use after the Lighthouse is built, in preference to the North and South
Channels, that are both intricate and cumbered with shoals and sunken Rocks, is
entirely free from Reefs, or other danger and that Pedro Branca can be
approached from the directions in which ships come in from the China Sea Viz1
from the North and East free of all dangers, if therefore they but once sighted the
light, all they would require to do, would be to make towards it, the same will be
seen to apply to ships coming from the Westward it therefore appears to me, that
the great object to be arrived at, would. be to show as powerful a Light as
possible in order that ships may be made aware of their position at a great
distance in case of their not having got Lights, and for this purpose a revolving
Catoptric light is the most suitable & economical, for by this system while it takes
26 Lamps to enable a fixed lights to illuminate the whole circle of the Horizon
which would only shew the light of one Lamp to the approaching mariner 24
lamps on a triangular revolving frame would at the periods of illumination shew a
light of eight Lamps, that is to say would be eight times the power of a stationary
Light at the same expense to Government. In support of this opinion I will as
shortly as possible notice the different modes of lighting pursued in Europe.
There are two methods of collecting the rays emitted from the burners
used in Light houses the first by employing parabolic Reflectors, plated with
silver, placed so that the Burners may occupy the face this is called the reflecting
or Catoptric method, the second by employing a system of Glass lenses
BLF-4-2316(3rdMarch 1849Letter l) Page 23 of49
surrounding a central burner of great magnitude, by which the rays emitted are
refracted, and projected forward to the horizon this is called the refracting or
dioptric method first applied to French Lighthouses by French, but now much
extended to surrounding nations; of these two methods there are several
modifications & combinations the latest of which worthy of notice, appears to be
Mr. Gordon's, in which he uses a prolate and Hollow mirrors to project the central
rays, while he collects and refracts to the same parallel sic lines such rays as
escape over the lips of the mirror but I am not aware of this invention has been
sufficiently tested practically.
In the Catophic system fountain Lamps are employed to supply the Oil to
the burners. There is consequently little danger of the Lights being extinguished
as one Lamp extinguished would not materially affect the Light; no danger to
Mariners would arise. In the Dioptric system artificial appliances are used for
supplying air and Oil to the wicks and are sometimes liable to accident and in
case of accident to the one great burner here used the whole light become
becomes Extinguished. This is a great objection to this system even in Europe,
where exterior antigens are easily procurable, and an insuperable one for this
part of the world, where little mechanical skill can be commanded; and though
much more brilliancy at less expense can be obtained from Dioptric Lamp still the
Catophic system from the simplicity of its parts and moderate attention and skill
that it requires in keeping, recommends it as the only proper method to be
adopted here I shall therefore confine myself to a description of it.
In the Catophic method there are three kinds of lights the fixed, revolving
and reciprocating the latter a late ingenious invention of Capt Smith of the
Madras Engineers, and eminently adopted for Coast Lines, or where only part of
the circle requires to be illuminated, but obviously inapplicable to Pedra Branca,
and these are susceptible of nine separate distinctions vizt fixed revolving white;
revolving red and white, revolving Red and two whites, revolving white and two
Reds flashing intermittent double fixed lights and double revolving white lights
none of which particular distinction is it necessary to apply at Pedra Branca, the
only aim as before noted being to obtain a powerful Light the question is
therefore whether it is to be simple fixed, or simple revolving.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 24 of49
In a fixed light the effective divergence of the mirror in the horizontal Plane
is estimated at 14° 22' when the ordinary focal distance of 4 Inches is used, and
it has sometimes been found advisable to calculate on only a divergence of 11 °
as the light is found to be feeble at the outer edges of the conical beam, but for
the sake of economy more or less between those points have been used &
calculating from the former we would require 26 Corners ranged side by side
round a circular frame or Zone to illuminate the whole horizon of 360° thus
affording the light of only one reflector and the observer. The revolving light that I
propose would be composed of a Frame with three sides, disposed as an
equilateral triangle, and each side would contain on its perpendicular Plane 8
reflectors making a total of 24. This frame would make one revolution in six
Minutes, and to an observer stationed at a great distance from it, it would show
its light with full brilliancy every two minutes for 14 Seconds when it would
decrease to total darkness, till succeeded by the following Plane of reflectors but
in the proximity of the Rock where the danger suggested by Captain Mason's
Committee could only exist; the light would never be totally eclipsed. The cost of
fitting up a revolving light will 24 Reflectors is stated by Mr. Allan Stevenson to be
1,298 £ and annual maintenance 418£ that" of a fixed light with 26 reflectors 950£
and annual maintenance 425£ 10/ which in point of economy gives hardly an
appreciable advantage to either, while eight times the volume of light is thrown
out by the revolving method to the approaching and watchful mariner whom the
light of a single reflector or of a fixed light could not reach.
The height of the of the light will be a little above 90 feet above the level of
the sea at high water, and to the observer stationed on the Deck of the general
class of trading Vessels, will appear above the horizon at the distance of fifteen
miles a distance amply sufficient to give notice to the mariner of his approach to
the straits, to enable him in nearing the light to keep in the fair channel & avoid
the Romania Shoal on one side distant 6 Miles N.N.W. of P. Branca & Portillion
Shoal distant 10 Miles E.S.E. between which points the straits are clear of all
dangers to the latter danger a Stationary reflecting light could notice calculated to
reach in any but a clear atmosphere, it would therefore act as no sure guide to
Vessels coming from the Eastward.
BLF-4-2316(3rdMarch 1849Letter 1) Page 25 of 49
With regard to the establishment necessary for attending the Horsburgh
Light; I beg to offer the following suggestions - as Pedra Branca is distant from
Singapore Town nearly forty Miles, communication with the Rock could not well
be maintained above once a month and this could be best done by the Gun Boat;
which could carry out provisions and water at each trip three Months would
elapse before communication could with safety be obtained tho' I am informed by
Captain Congalton, that there will be frequent opportunities of landing even then,
during the lull that takes place in the mornings. The situation of the light Keepers
will therefore be somewhat similar to those employed on the Bell Rock
Eddystone or such lonely positions on the Coast of Scotland and England. The
Regulations observed in these therefore, would also be well adopted here with
some modifications necessary to the Climate I would consequently propose that
3 Europeans and 3 Natives be attached to the service on different grades of pay
four of whom would be stationed at the light while two would have relief on shore
thus each person would be two Months on the Rock and one on shore with his
family.
As I presume the Master Attendant would have charge of the building they
should have houses built for them and their families close to the office of that
functionary; so that they may be ready for service at any moment. The duties day
and night at the Rock should be in regular Watches as on board of ship for which
purpose a good Clock should be placed in the Light Room, the minutes of these
duties will be best directed by the Master Attendant. A small flag staff should be
fixed to the parapet or cupola to signalize to vessels passing, or to shew when
Communication is wanted as in the event of sickness. An uniform should also be
given to the Keepers as in the case of those of those employed on Light House
duty in Scotland and should always be worn while on duty as typical of the order,
regularity and cleanliness that should be maintained in the Light Room.
Accompanying is the outline plan* of the light Room or Cupola and Lamp
frame drawn on their paper as it will require to be sent to England, where this
part should be constructed and annexed are notes for the Engineer to whose
direction its execution may be entrusted I cannot give an exact estimate of the
cost but suppose that £ 1,500 will be required.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 26 of49
I will wait instructions as to whether it will be ordered to be sent out by the
Bengal Authorities or that I will be required to order it myself, in which latter case
I would prefer instructing the work to the Engineer to the Commissioners of the
Northern Light Houses.
Singapore
24th May 1848
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I)
(True Copy)
(Sd) W.J. Butterworth
Governor
I have &ca
(Sd) J.T. Thomson
Government Surveyor
Page 27 of 49
Notes on the Cupola or Lantern
and Lighting Conductor.
The Cupola will rest on a Granite circular Wall which measures on its
outside 13 ½ feet diameter and inside 12 feet. The form of the Cupola is
Octangular, having the windows eight feet in height surrounded by an Octangular
Dome. The sill of the Cupola will have eight flanges, thro which bolts 6 feet in
length will be fastened to leness' fixed in the inner ends of the platform stones.
The frames will be of Cast Iron and Dome of Copper the latter should be double,
so that the air during the heat of the day may circulate and thus prevent the light
Room being heated by the vertical sun. The frames should be glazed with
polished plate glass.
The machinery and weight that gives motion to the Lamp frame should be
Calculated to give one revolution every six Minutes, and air tubes should be
placed over the burners and connected with a central chimney to carry off the
vapour generated by the burning of the oil. The Paraboloidal mirrors are
calculated to be 25 inches over the lip with a focal distance of 4 inches. Two
small sheaves should be supplied to carry the weight to the side Walls. Duplicate
of such parts of the Machinery as are liable to wear should also be sent.
Nothing else besides the above general observations will be necessary as
the work must be confided in England to an Engineer practically acquainted with
the subject and where the latest improvements are better and more fully known
than they can be in this distant part.
A Lighting Conductor of the most approved kind should also be furnished
for the Light House from England of a Metal that is not subject to oxidize. This is
very important to the safety of the Building as buildings and trees in Singapore
are very frequently damaged from this cause.
Singapore
The 24th May 1848
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
(True Copy of notes)
(Sd) W.J. Butterworth
Governor.
(Sd) J : T : Thomson
Govt. Surveyor
Page 28 of49
[□
~11r-1□□□
Elevation of Lamp Room
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I)
(~ 1·r~)
Page 29 of49
............ _________ .,,.,. ......
Plan
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
Plan of the Lamp room for the
Horsburgh Light House
Sd/ W Thomson
I I ,I
'---'---'
Govt Lawyer
Singapore 23d May 1848
• r • • • , ·• " ,. ,. • ,,,. ,r f I C f 't C I .; I f f I f
Scale of feet
Page 30 of49
N° 19 of 1848
From J.T. Thomson Esqre.
Government Surveyor Singapore
To The Hon'ble
T. Church Esqre.
Resident Councillor
Dated 20th May 1848
Sir,
I do myself the honor of forwarding for your information a plan of a Light
House proposed to be erected on Pedra Branco, drawn out in pursuance of the
instruction contained in your letter No. 244 of 1848 and accompanying the Plan is
an Estimate of the cost and specifications detailing the mode of constructing the
building.
For the reasons noted in my letter to his Honor the Governor dated 20th
November 1844 regarding the erection of a Light House at the adjacent Coast on
Peak Rock, the Estimate has been constructed with the anticipation that the
building of it will be given to a Chinese Contractor as that class are the only
people that could undertaken such a work under any limited sum. I have
consequently given the actual cost of material on the rock and allowed 10 per
Cent to the Chinese that may under take to finish the Building. This I trust will
meet with the approval of Government as being the cheapest and most
expeditious mode of completing this desirable work for on the system of daily
labor I could not promise its being done at double the amount now submitted.
In undertaking a work of this kind, there is more than ordinary risk to the
Contractor first owing to its solitariness there will be difficulty in procuring
labourer, second. The exposed position and difficulty in landing subjects those
engaged to many accidents further the limited number of laborers of the class
required may raise the demand to considerably above the present wages, at the
time Government may sanction its commencement, and as I have taken this into
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 31 of 49
account in the Estimate, I have every reason to think that under all ordinary
circumstances that the actual Cost will not exceed the sum stated but at the
same time I must add, that the Cost of a Work of this kind cannot be calculated
with the same precision as an ordinary building in Singapore Town.
I have further taken into account the assistance that will be afforded by
Government in employing one Steamer and two Gun Boats in the manner,
indicated in my letter N°. 4 of 1847. Under these circumstances the Steamer
besides towing the materials will with the Gun Boats, have ample time for
furnishing Wood and water to the people employed at the Rock. I have
consequently proceeded on the supposition that they will do this duty. The
Steamer on the commencement of the work could also carry the Workmen with
the Wood and Planks for their temporary Houses and other such light stuff. I
would also beg to recommend the employment of Eight Convicts to make the
cement under my own Eye in Singapore, as this subject requires much attention
and care and I would further suggest that the Crews of the Steamer and Gun
Boats be allowed to rigg up the XXX Crane hoist the Lantern or Cupola and such
work as can only be properly entrusted to seamen.
As the superintendence of an important work of this kind at so great a
distance from Singapore will require constant and unwearied exertions on my
part and as the Establishment allowed for my department could not furnish
responsible persons to reside on the spot to overlook each detail so as to
guarantee the work being unexceptionable in every way, I will almost constantly
during the progress require to proceed to and from Pedra Branco. I would
therefore humbly ask the favor of your moving the Government in consideration
of the extra expenses, exposure exertion and responsibility that I will have to
bear in addition to my surveying duties to allow me 150 Cs. Rupees additional to
my present pay which is 350 Rupees while engaged in the Work, this will only be
50 R5 above what is sanctioned for Deputation when at Malacca, but the Survey
at Malacca entails none of the responsibility that I would have in this undertaking.
I would further ask the favor of your allowing one of the Commanders of the Gun
Boats being employed as overseer of Work on an additional allowance of 50
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 32 of49
Rupees to his present pay, or in case this could not be sanctioned, the
employment of a private person on 100 Rs per mensem, under which sum no
respectable person could be obtained for a limited period for such a work as this
and I am of opinion, that it is essential to its stability that such a person should be
employed. The probable period required for the finishing of the Light House, from
it's commencement will be two years, these additions if sanctioned would
consequently increase the amount of the Estimate as follows.
Deputation allowance to Surveyor
150 Rs per Mensem for 24 Months.
equal to 3600 Rs or
Allowance to Gunner of Gunboat
50 Rs per Mensem for 24 Months
equal to 1200 Rs. or
Estimated Cost of Contract
Total Sph. Dollars ------------------------------------
$1636.36
545.45
13,101.78
$15,283.59 --------------------
I would further humbly bring to the notice of Government that on urgent
occasions it may be necessary for me to proceed in the Government Steamer
instead of the Gunboat and that the Commanders by sanction of Government
charge 8 Rs. table money and as this sum would be incurred in the service of the
Light House I would beg the favor of its being allowed to be charged against the
funds for its erection. With regard to the mode of lighting the building and plans
for the Cupola on this subject is most important I will address you separately
thereon in a few days hence.
Singapore }
20th May 1848
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I)
I have & ca_
Sgd/ J.T. Thomson
Govt. Surveyor
Page 33 of49
Estimate of the probable Cost of erecting a Light House in Pedro Branco
according to Plan dated 1th May 1848
Granite ashlar
Wall to build of Rock 200 ft 18 X 16 to 20 $
11 Platform 4000 " 12 X 1 0 to 14
Parapet wall of Cupola 465 11 12 X 9
Platform 65" x 5° x1° x1°
Co~k House and Privy 300 11 X 12 X 12
Pavement of Rooms 810 flags 12 Sqre
Bricks
Work & wall to Platform 255.150
Masonry vaults 285.60
Walls of Stair Case 57 .60
289470@30$.
Per 10,000
Lime 87 Coyans @ 5 $
Carriage of sand from Romania
Molasses 38 Piculs
Water by Gun Boats and Steammer
Brick Layers @ 20 $ per Lascar
Masons
300 00
4800 00
465 00
260 00
300 100
324 00
868
435
200
87
00
580
400
40
00
00
00
00
00
00
Cement to be made at Singapore by 120 00
Government Surveyor with 8 Convicts
estimated time 10 months @ $ 2 ½ per month
Lime 10 Coyans @ 2 ½ 25$ 65 00
Wood 40$
Carpentry
4 Gold Windows 4 X 2 @ 7 $
4 XXX d0 4 X 2 @ 2 $
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
28
8
00
00
6449 00
27555
Page 34 of 49
4 Glass do 3X2@5$ 20 00
4XXX do 3X2@2$ 8 00
5 Ditto do 2X2@1$50 7 50
5 XXX lights do 2X2@1$50 7 50
1 Battered door 6 ½ X 3 ½ Chopper Anchors 30 00
4 Iron Ditto Ditto 50 00
4 Small Crane 20 00
6 Marbaw Doors @ 4 ½ X 2 ½ 72 00
7 Marbaw Ladders with Iron unlaid steps 63 00
6 Iron Railings at landings 40 00
354 00 9204 40
Brought forward $ 354 00 9204 40
1 Marbow Door of Platform 6° X 2° / 2 keepers 9 00
XXX
2 Ditto Cook Room & Privy 6 X 2 ½ Ditto 18 00 381 00
Stepping Rock for foundation and flowers from 200 00
Sea Shore
7 Iron wings to be let XXX groves XXX the 220 00
shipping of each XXX 2 X 1 estimated weight
22 Piculs
60 Iron Cramps for 3 first courses estimated 10 00
weight 90 Cattees
Lead for D0 90 Ditto 13 50
130 Iron Cramps for Platform 195 Catties 23 40
Lead for Ditto @$12 30 00
118 XXX Cramps for Walls of Cupola and 21 24
parapet 177 Catties
Lead for Ditto 30 00
35 Copper Cramps for XXX Stones 52 Lead 70/ 36 00
Lead for Ditto 10 00
XXX Crane including lacking to be furnished at 20 00
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 35 of49
the Government Stones
Temporary Houses of workmen
Surveyors and Materials
Filling up XXX of Gun Boat XXX
20 Large water boats
20 Small Ditto for Cement
1 CementXXX
1 Wooden Pestle and Mortar
Scaffolding and temporary stages
Paint and Varnish
Blowing up Rocks in light
Boat hire for materials at Singapore
2 XXX XXX with XXX XXX
1 Sampan
Singapore
19th May 1848
Contingencies 5%
Contractors Profit 10%
XXX Dollars
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
overseer 500 00
50 00
30 00
10 00
10 00
4 00
50 00
20 00
40 00
100 00
300 00
30 00
$ 1758
$ 11343
567
$ 11910
1191
$ 13101
E. E
/Sd/ J. T. Thomson
Govt Surveyor
14
54
17
71
07
78
Page 36 of 49
Masonry
Specification for the Building of the Horsburgh Light house according to Plan dated
12th May 1848
The Light House proposed consists of the Round Tower of Masonry supporting a
Cupola or Lantern in which the Light is to b~ placed. The highest part of the Rock on
which the House will stand is 24 feet above the level of the sea at high waters and the
Masonry will rise 66 feet above this making-the height to base of the Lantern 90 feet.
The diameter of the Tower at its base will measure 22 feet having walls 5 ½ feet thick
and containing round apartments 11 feet in Diameter. The Masonry will be carried up
perpendicular until the highest part of the Rock has been reached when the diameter will
diminish with a curved batten to the height of 58 feet at which part the walls will be 2 ½
feet thick leaving the diameter of apartments the same as those below. Above this a
Circular Platform will project supported by a Plain Cornice, and above it will bear in its
inner Circle the Wall that supports the Lantern and on its outer circumference the
Parapet Wall. The entire building is to be faced with Ashtar Masonry which will be
backed with brick work and the ceiling of each Room is to be vaulted supporting the floor
of the Room immediately above, which will be paved with Granite Slabs or other hard
material.
The Rock which bear the Tower being now rough and uneven is to be stepped in
horizontal levels rising 18 inches at each step. The courses of stone will be also of
the same height and neatly and firmly laid into each step every third stone to be a binder
reaching nearly through the whole thickness of the Wall and each courses to alternate
16 and 20 inches in depth, each stone to be cramped to its neighbour and each course
to be dressed to a true level of the Rock. The ashtar Work to be carried up at 12 Inches
each course with a depth alternating 10 and 14 inches, every third stones of which is to
be a binder all beds are to be cut square without XXX or hollow and the facings are to be
dressed smooth according to musters at the House of the Government Surveyor. The
XXX stones at the top of the well to be five feet long and, one foot broad at the outside
tapering from this breadth towards their common centre. The Walls of the Cupola and
Parapet to be nine inches thick dressed, smooth inside and out each course being 12
inches in height. The stones for the Privy and Cook House to be 12 inches square of
lengths not less than 3 to 4 feet and all stones used in the Light House and adjoining
buildings to break joint more than a foot. Behind the springing of each Vault an Iron Ring
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 37 of49
2 inches by one inch to be let into a groove in the granite masonry circumscribing the
building at 6. Inches from its outer circumference. This Ring may be made in pieces
which will be securely bolted together. The XXX stones to be cramped with Iron
Crampes in two places vizt under the parapet Wall and Wall of the Cupola. The stones
of each courses in the parapet and the Cupola wall and Wall of out houses to be
cramped each to its neighbour with Iron and upper Cramps which will be exposed to the
air to be copper not weighing less than mentioned in the accompanying Estimate viz
dress all Windows Groins and all other works as may be necessary and to sink all
anchor beds and beds for the Cramps dewels, and joggles. To lay all stones in cement
which will be furnished by the Government. To construct steps from landing places, to
door and finish all other kind of mason work tho' not here specified as directed by the
Government Surveyor.
To furnish bricks of the best description to be had in Singapore which are to be laid
Brick Layer
in mortar composed of sharp XXX sand in proportion of 3 of sand to 2 of lime well
tempered and beaten with Wooden beater further 2 piculs of molasses to be mixed with
every three Coyans of lime the Molasses being first mixed with the Water Crush course
to be grouted with liquid mortar, and all XXX carefully flushed. The moulds to be
carefully turned. The XXX beds being in the true radial line of not less than 14 inches in
depth.
Plasterer
To render float and set fair and even, all Walls and Ceilings to run plaster Cornices
round the several Rooms, to execute all necessary XXX quirks and crevice in the
best and most accurate manner the finishing coat to be of the best shell, lime procured
in Singapore trowelled smooth. Carpenter & Joiner - to erect temporary buildings of
rough Plank as dormitories for the workmen employed sufficient to contain 60 individuals
also to erect two small Houses for the superintendent and overseer each House to be
about 10 feet square to erect temporary sheds for lime and wood and stages for the
bricks and other materials all the above erections to stand on posts supporting the floors
full 4 feet above level of Rocks each post being fixed to the Rock by an Iron pier driven
hard into the Rock for which holes 9 inches in depth and I inch dia, must be bored into
the Rock. The walls must also be strengthened by diagonal struts and Braces. To
prepare Doors, Windows ladders &ca of best seasoned Marbow of the description and
size noted in the accompanying Estimate for the Light House and to fix locks bolts and
hinges where required. All Doors to be pannelled the upper pannel being of good brown
glass to admit light to the stair cases.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 38 of49
Plumber
Blacksmith
Copper Smith
Glazier
Painter
Singapore
19th May 1848
To run with lead all Cramps
To make a strong Iron Door of dimensions mentioned in Estimates
vizt 6 ½ by 3 ½ of½ inch Iron Plates well strengthened by Iron
Bars and styles. This door when shut to be flush with the wall to
prepare all Cramps of the best Swedish Iron in weight 7 ½ Catties
each. The step of the ladder or stairs to be plated with Iron½ in
Plate, these to be fixed on the risings of the steps of 4 inches in
depth and 11 inches in length and to make a small crane at the
entrance Doors.
To make copper anchors for hinges for the outer Doors of not less
than 10 Catties each and to make the Copper Cramps of not less
than 1 ½ Catties each.
- To glaze all windows as mentioned in estimate with thick plates
Glass which is to be well bedded barks putted and to be left whole
and clean when the works are rendered up as complete.
To paint all venitians with XXX out side, all Doors lead color, and
to varnish with China varnish all Windows and Wood work inside.
To paint Iron Doors lead color which when still wet is to be sand
cast. Quarry Menu. To blast several stones and reduce them to
low water marks, that at present encumber the small Bay where
materials will be landed.
True Copies
1sr11 J. W. Butterworth
Governor
/S9/ J. T. Thomson
Govt Surveyor
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I) Page 39 of49
N2. 113
From,
The Supg Engineer in the
Straits of Malacca
To,
The Honble the Governor of the P. W. Island
Singapore & Malacca ·
Dated 6th June 1848
Sir,
Para: 1 I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your order N°. 127
of the 1st Instant directing me to submit my opinion of the Building and Light
about to be erected on Pedra Branca as described in a series of original papers
accompanying your letter which I am beg to return.
2nd In obedience to these instructions I propose to briefly offer my
sentiments on four several points.
First -The general design & elevation of the phases.
Second
Third
-The estimated money outlay
-The mode by which the Work is to be executed &
Fourth the description of light recommended for adoption.
3rd The general design appears to me well considered suitable and
convenient, although the outline may be thought less agreeable to the eye than
could have been desired. The dimensions are ample for the future strength and
stability of the structure & the height is sufficient to ensure the light being visible
at a distance varying from 5 to 6 leagues whereby it will also be seen as a
Conspicuous beacon by Day. It is only by consulting the Estimate and
specification that the means of communication between the different stories and
the method of securing the Windows is to be understood. Perhaps the
designation of the Light House and the occasion of its construction to perpetuate
the Memory of one to whom Eastern navigation is so much indebted, should be
cast in Iron and XXX in the face of the Tower during its erection together with the
date &ca &ca of so important and beneficial an undertaking.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 40 of49
The money valuation is chiefly remarkable I think for its very
moderate charges and the calculations correspond with the proposed structure.
5th The mode in which it is proposed to carry out the work I entirely
agree with the Govt Surveyor in considering the only one that holds out any
promise of confining the ultimate expenditure within any definite limits. The
assistance to be derived from the use of the Government Steamer and Gunboats
is doubtless considerable, but I should apprehend that without such and, the
undertaking would scarcely be feasible. My general impression as that the
proposed arrangement have been so carefully considered in the Minute detail
sent in by Mr. Thomson that their final success seems placed beyond any
reasonable doubt. It may however be possibly considered as an objection that
much of the favorable issue of the operations would plainly seem to depend on
the individual qualifications of the party by whom this very arduous project has
been drawn up for should illness or other casualty befall the Government
Surveyor who alone in these settlements possesses the practical knowledge of
building, familiarity with the language. The sway and control of the Chinese head
men and subordinates & acquaintances with the resources of Singapore
necessary to ensure success there might be a difficulty in completing the work
without considerable increase of expenses. In Mr. Thomson's careful
specification, I should have wished that gauged bricks made for the purpose, in
order to obtain XXX work for the circular Tower had been mentioned and should
have preferred a much larger admixture of sand my own opinion being that a
proportion of 5 of sand to 3 of pure lime would have made a much stronger
mortar.
I consider that Mr. Thomson's advocacy of a revolving light is quite
conclusive for the reasons he assigns, but I venture to greatly doubt whether a
better disposition of his 24 lamps might not be found for the Navigator than the
arrangement he has suggested. The period of obscuration seem to me so great
that they might diminish the likelihood of them being quickly sighted, or prolong
the time of doubt whether the light were really made or not. Instead of 3 vertical
faces of 8 Lamps each which with a revolution in every 6 Minutes would give 14"
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 41 of49
brilliancy and 1 ' 46" darkness to the Mariner at a distance, I would suggest a
quadrilateral figure with 6 Lamps in each face in triple tiers of XXX, which would
also require 24 Lamps, which would m~ke the light recur 30' earlier and make the
proportions of illumination to observation as 14: 76. instead of as 14: 106, the
expense continuing the same and the intensity of light not very XXX diminished.
ih It will appear from these brief remarks that I entertain a most
favorable general opinion of Mr. Thomson's project in all its parts and that it
appears to me eminently deserving of recommendation and support. To
contribute in any measure to the success of as important and useful an
enterprize will be a sense of great pleasure to myself and whether in paying the
work occasional visit of superintendence, even overlooking preparations here, I
shall with your Honor's permission be at all times ready to render the
Government Surveyor any assistance in the power of myself and the Engineers
Establishment.
Supg Engs Deptt
Straits of Malacca
Singapore 6th June 1848
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
I have &ca
/Sd/ C. E. Faber Major
Supg Engr Straits of Malacca
/True Copy/
/Sd/ W. J. Butterworth
Governor
Page 42 of49
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I)
First Copy
Home Department
Marine
Enclosure
Documents accompanying
No. 2
Stamped mark:
Received via
Marseilles dated 2
May 1849
Page 43 of49
N°. 920
From
W Grey Esqre
Under Secy to the Govt of India
To
Home Dept
Sir,
Under Secy to Govt of Bengal
Dated 21 st October 1848
In reply to your letter No. 1363 dated the 6th Instant, on the subject of the
Horsburgh Light Houses I am directed to observe that the matter should first be
referred to the Military Board for report. The original enclosures of your letter
under acknowledgement- are therefore returned herewith.
Council Chamber
The 21 st October 1848
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I)
I have &ca
/Signed/ W. Grey
Under Secy to the Govt of India
Page 44 of49
First Copy
Home Department
Marine
From Under Secy to the Govt of India
To Under Secy to the Govt of Bengal
d/ 21 st Octr 1848
States that the subject
the proposed Light Houses
be referred to the Military
Board for report
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
Stamped mark:
Received via Marseilles
Dated 2 May 1849
Page 45 of49
Marine
From
To
N2. 949
Under Secretary to the Govt of Bengal
W. Grey Esqre
Under Secy to the Govt of India
Home Department
Fort William the 13th December 1848
Sir,
With reference to your letter No. 920 dated the 21 st October last, I am
directed to submit in original a communication from the Military Board N2.
6540 of the 28th Ultimo, reporting on the Light House at Pedra Branca, together
with the dispatch from the Governor of the Straits Settlements, which
accompanied the previous letter from this office No. 1363 dated the 6th October
last.
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1)
I have &ca
(Signed) W. Seton Karr
Under SecY to the Gov1 of Bengal
Page 46 of49
First Copy
Home Department
Marine
From Under Secy to the Govt of Bengal
To Under Secy to the Govt of India
D/ 13th Deer 1848
Forwarding the Report
the Military Board
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter l)
Stamped mark:
Received via Marseilles
Dated 2 May 1849
Page 47 of49
N2• 6540
From the Military Board
To
The Honble Sir T. H. Maddock
Deputy Governor of Bengal
Fort William, 28th November 1848
Dept P.W Hon'ble Sir,
We have the honor to return the original papers relative to the
construction of a Light House on Pedra Branca received with Mr. Under Secretary Seton
Karr's N2• 841 of 9th Current, with the following observations.
It appears to us that the Design has been carefully considered and that as
far as regards the superstructure of the Light House, it is satisfactory; but we are unable,
in the absence of any sections of the natural Rock, describing it's nature and showing it's
stratification, to pronounce upon its fitness as a foundation.
From the way in which the Basement Rock is introduced in the plan, we
should say that it is not sufficiently wide for the purpose of a foundation to the Light
House, were a fragment to split off under the weight of the Building or from any other
cause the portion of wall immediately above, would be without support. We must also
state that we object entirely to the footings of the walls as shown in the section and we
would lay great stress upon the necessity for making, in the construction, the cross
section of the wall stand upon a flat Horizontal bed cut out of the Rock and let into it one
foot.
The accompanying side sketch illustrated our meaning. We consider the
Estimate to be moderate under the circumstances of the case and believing that altho'
sections of the Rock are not submitted, that the authorities and the Civil Engineer must
be fully satisfied that the Rock is suited to sustain the work, we venture to recommend
the Estimate for sanction not wishing to delay the commencement of a work of such
importance and of so much benefit as a work of humanity.
We have&~
/Signed/ T. J. Hawkins - L1 con
II C. Garstin - L1 Co!!
W. Mactier - L1 con
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter 1) Page 48 of 49
First Copy
Home Department
Marine
Enclosure
Document accompanying
BL F-4-2316 (3rd March 1849 Letter I)
Stamped mark:
Received via Marseilles
Dated 2 May 1849
Page 49 of 49
British Library
India Office: Board of Control's Collection 1. 796-1858
F / 4/231.6/1.1.9942
Collection 2
Papers on the subject of The
Horsburgh Light House
Secretary's Office
Marine Branch
BL F-4-2316-119942 (3rd March 1849 Letter 2)
1.1.9.942
Draft 588 India Marine
of 1849
Page I of6
Sir,
East India & China Association
Couper's Court, Cornhill
May 7th 1849
This Association have received from the Chamber of Commerce at Singapore
a letter, dated the 5th of March last, wherein they advert to the long delay which has
occurred in measures being taken for the erection of the Horsburgh Light House
notwithstanding that the Governor of the Straits Settlements had, so far back as the
11th June 1847, assured them, that the Court of Directors had sanctioned the
erection of a Light House on Pedra Branca, and that he had received instructions to
commence the work as soon as arrangements could be made for that purpose.
The accompanying copy of a letter, dated 1st March, from Lt. Colonel
Butterworth, explains the causes which have led to a further reference to the Honble
James C. Melvill Esq,
Secretary
East India House
Court; and in a later communication to the Chamber (3rd Mar). His
Excellency states, that "the question of constructing a Light House
on Pedra Branca shall be again urged in the notice of the Government."
The Chamber of Commerce at Singapore expresses a strong desire to press
on the attention of the Court of Directors the great importance of this very
necessary work being commenced without longer delay and this Association cannot
refrain from earnestly seconding their representations to the Honble Court that the
proposed Light House may be constructed without further postponement, convinced
as they are of its manifest utility, and the incalculable benefits it must confer on
British Shipping navigating the Eastern seas.
BL F-4-2316-119942 (3rd March 1849 Letter 2)
I have the honor to be,
Sir, your most obedient servant
(Signed) Greyson
Chairman
Page 2 of6
No. 79
(;enl
No 16 From
of
1849 The Governor of P. W. Island
Singapore and Malacca
To
The Chairman of
the Chamber of Commerce
at Singapore
Dated Singapore 1st March 1849
Sir,
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter under this date,
calling my attention to the long delay which has occurred, in measures being taken
for the erection of the Horsburgh Light House, and expressing the wish of tlie
Chamber of Commerce for some information on the subject.
2. I most gladly comply with the wishes of the Chamber of Commerce on this
subject, and proceed to detail the steps that have been taken towards the
construction of the Horsburgh Light House, since I had last the honor of addressing
the Chamber of Commerce under date the 11th of June 1847 No. 91.
3. I therein intimated to the Chamber that the Honble the Court of Directors
had been pleased to sanctioned the Plan & Estimate for a Light House of
Masonry prepared by *Mr. Thomson for erection on Peak Rock the Outer
Romania Island, submitted to a deputation from the Chamber of
*10th May
1847
Amounting to
Dollars 7,000
XXX
Commerce in December 1845, but subsequent to the presentation of the
above Plan and Estimate, it was determined to erect the Light House on Pedra
Branca, and Mr. Thomson did not consider, that the work could be undertaken
without more accurate information of the extent to which the Rock was exposed to
the waves and Spray of the sea during the N. E. Monsoon.
4. In accordance with Mr. Thomson's wishes I despatched the Steamer with
that Gentleman to Pedra Branca, and he erected the necessary number of Brick
*Pillars on the Rock to obtain the required information when it was 0 discovered that
BL F-4-2316-119942 (3rd March 1849 Letter 2) Page 3 of6
* in
October
1849
0 in Maret
184XX
the waves beat on the rock to the height of 15 feet above the level of high water
mark whilst the spray rose therefrom, to So great XXX, as to render a structure of
Granite set in cement facing with a backwork of bricks imperatively necessary to
the security of its inmates, and the permanency of the Light House.
This Point having been ascertained I directed Mr. Thomson to prepare a Plan
& Estimate for a building of the description proposed, which duty was readily
executed by that zealous and indefatigable Officer, and approved of by Major C. R.
Faber the Superintending Engineer whose acknowledged service and valuable
assistance throughout, has been unobtrusively afforded to the above Gentleman.
The revised Estimate submitted by Mr. Thomson with the allowance
demanded for himself, and his XXX in addition to the gratuitous aid of the Honble
East India Company's Steamer, and Gun Boats was as follows
For building the House ....... Cs Rs 29,417.13.10
Supdts allowce at Rs 150 per
mensem for two years Cs Rs 3,600.0.0
XXX allowce at 100 Rupees
mensem for 2 years " " 2,400.0.0
Copola Light or Light Room with
Lamps Complete " 15.000.0.0
Company's Rupees -50,417-13-10
So much which I have in the Treasury, exclusive of interest thereon, from the date
on which it was paid to Government Through the extreme liberality of Messrs Jardine
Matheson & Co, who have allowed compound Interest on the amount allocated by
them in China in 1842, the sum of Cs Rs. 15,858-3-4
Bombay Chamber of Commerce 4.299-0-9
From the Penang
Chamber of Commerce
And from that most philanthropie
Gent Sir Ch5 Forbes
as his individual donation
the Sum of Cs Rupees
BL F-4-2316-119942 (3rd March 1849 Letter 2)
404-3-6
1632-15-0
Page4 of6
* in June
1848
shewing a deficiency of funds in hand 22194-6-7
to meet the contemplated expenses of 28223-7-3
which I forthwith solicited Government* to advance and under date the 26th August
1848, I received a reply to say that the whole question of the Light House at Pedra
Branca was about to be submitted to the Supreme Government but as this involved
the levy of Light House dues I conclude that the subject would have to be again laid
before the Hon'ble the Court of Directors for their final Orders which I am earnestly
and anxiously expecting.
7. It will afford me much Satisfaction, to lay before you or a deputation fro~
the Chamber of Commerce, the whole of the Correspondence that had passed on
the subject of the construction of Light House on Pedra Branca if you, or they will do
me the favor to attend at my Office, for that purpose, at any hour that may be
convenient to you, or to the deputation.
1st March 1.849
BL F-4-2316-119942 (3rd March 1849 Letter 2)
I have the honor to be
Sir
Your Most Obedt. Servant
(Signed) W. J. Butterworth
Governor
Page 5 of6
Mr Gregson
Chairman El & China
Association
Noticing the delay in
erecting the Horsburgh
Light House
Cons XXX XXX XXX
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BL F-4-2316-119942 (3rd March 1849 Letter2) Page 6 o"r6
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ANNEX MR 14
Letter from Seton Karr, Under Secretary to the
Government of Bengal to Governor Butterworth,
19 April 1849
.etter No: 72
Of 12th
June/48:
etter No: 24
Of 2nd
March/49
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: Z 22
Date: 19th April 1849
Folio: 81
Reel 171 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
From,
To,
Sir,
The Under Secy. to the
Govt. of Bengal
Col. W.J. Butterworth
No. 314
Governor of P.W. Island
Singapore and Malacca
Dated Fort William 19th April 1849.
Your letters of the dates and numbers noted in the margin* having been
referred to the Government of India, I am directed by the Deputy Governor of
Bengal to state that the estimated expenses of erecting a Light House at Pedra
Branca being so very much larger was originally anticipated and the rate of duty
proposed to be levied in the Shipping resorting to Singapore being also considerably
higher that than supposedly to have been contemplated by their Hon'ble the Court
of Directors when they accorded their assent to the proceeding of a Law for that
purpose, the President in Council has deemed it necessary to submit the whole
question again to the Hon'ble Court for their further considerations.
I have &ca
Sd) Seton Karr
Under Secy. to the Govt. of
Bengal
Genl Dept.
4of 1849
No. 216
True copy for the information of the Resident Councillor at Singapore, and for
Communication to the Chamber of Commerce.
Penang
5th January 1849
(Original Signature) W.J. Butterworth
Governor
ANNEX MR15
Letter from Governor Butterworth to T. Church,
Resident Councillor of Singapore,
12 December 1849
* d/ 12th
lovember
1849,
No.784
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: U 19
Date: 12th December 1849
Folio: 124
Reel: 99 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
No. 510
To,
The Resident Councillor at Singapore
Dated Singapore 12th December 1849
Sir,
I have the honor to transmit for your information the accompanying Copy of
a letter* from the Under Secretary to the Government of Bengal, giving cover to a
Communication from the Government of India with its enclosure from the Honble
the Court of Directors, sanctioning the Immediate construction of the "Horsburgh
Light House" on Pedra Branca.
2. With a view to a more perfect understanding of the letter from the Honble
the Court of Directors, I beg to enclose the copy of my Report* therein referred to,
and to request that Mr. Thomson may be instructed to take steps in communication
with the contractor to commence on the work at the earliest practicable period.
3. The Lantern will have to be ordered from Home, and I beg that Mr. Thomson
may be requested forthwith to communicate with some one of the eminent Parties
in the mother Country vested in such matters, with a view of determining on the
nature of the Light and the timely construction of the necessary apparatus.
4. I feel assured that it is unnecessary here to impress upon Mr. Thomson, the
usefulness if I may so speak of the responsibility of the present undertaking, I
repose the most perfect confidence on his having no human means unemployed to
secure stability and permanence to the Building, upon which not only the lives of the
Inmates, but the safety of the mariners in these seas, must materially depend when
*d/ 1,2th
June 1848,
No.72
once the Light has been erected in commemoration of that celebrated
Hydrographer whose name it will been having designated the "Horsburgh Light
House".
5. You will perceive by the letter* from the Superintending Engineer, which
* d/ 5thJune forms one of the Enclosures to my letter to the Government of Bengal, that he is
1848,
No.1:13 prepared to render Mr. Thomson any assistance in his power, towards carrying out
this most responsible and humane undertaking, and I beg that every Department of
the Local Government may afford their best aid and on the occasion whenever
required.
6. Under existing circumstances, I fear Mr. Thomson will not be able to commence
on the Survey of Malacca, but on this point, I shall be obliged by your consulting with
that Gentleman and acquainting me with the result.
12th December 1849
I have &ca
Sd) W. J. Butterworth
Governor
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ANNEX MR 16
Letter from Governor W. J. Butterworth to the
Worshipful Master of the Lodge Zetland in the East,
9 March 1854
No.160 of
1854
Ansd.16th
March/54
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: V 1.9
Date: 9th March 1854
Folio: 1.1.
Reel 1.1.2 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
To,
The Worshipful Master of the Lodge Zetland in the East
D/ Singapore 9th March 1854
Sir,
I had occasion in 1850, to solicit the exercises of your Craft in laying the
foundation Stone of the most Philanthropic work, the Horsburgh Light House, which
has been in full operation at Pedra Branca for the past two years to the infinite
benefit of the Mariner in these Seas.
2. I am now desirous of again enlisting the services of the Lodge Zetland in the
East, in a similar undertaking. I allude to the Light House about to be constructed on
the "Coney", in the immediate vicinity of this Island, by the Hon'ble East India
Company.
3. This Light House, I propose to dedicate to the memory of that eminent
Statesman, Sir Stamford Raffles to whose enlightened Policy we are indebted for
this unrivalled Emporium, and the entire Freedom of the Port from all restraints on
its extensive Commerce.
4. I feel persuaded that the work alluded to, which is so immediately connected
with the safe and speedy Navigation of the Southern entrance to the Straits of
Malacca, as well as to this Harbour, and so closely coupled with the name of the
illustrious Founder of Singapore, will ensure me a favourable response to the call I
now make upon you Sir, the Worshipful Master, and the Members of the Lodge
Zetland in the East, to take upon yourselves the pleasing task of laying the
Foundation Stone of the Raffles Light House.
I am led to believe that arrangements will be made for having everything in
readiness for the aforesaid Ceremony, at as very distant period but I shall do myself
the pleasure of communicating further with you, after receiving a reply to this
communication.
9th March 1854
I have &ca·
Sd/ W. J. Butterworth
Governor
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ANNEX MR 17
Letter from Governor W. J. Butterworth to the
Worshipful Master of the Lodge Zetland in the East,
12 August 1854
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: V 1.9
Date: :12th August 1.854
Folio: 1.91.
Reel 1.1.2 (Microfilm Copy, University of Malaya Library)
To,
Sir,
The Worshipful Master
Of the Lodge Zetland in the East
Dated Singapore 1.2th August 1.854
Genl No.
1.61. of
:l.854
It affords me very sincere satisfaction to forward herewith the trowel which I
had prepared for your acceptance, when laying the foundation stone of the Raffles
Light House as a momento of the call made by me on the Lodge Zetland in the East
on that auspicious occasion.
I am happy to be able to acquaint you and the members of the Lodge that
the above Building is progressing very rapidly and that it will, in all probability be
completed by the termination of the current year.
I cannot close this communication without expressing the gratification I
experience at having my name associated with that of the Lodge Zetland in the East
in connexion with two such Philanthrophic works as the Horsburgh and Raffles Light
Houses.
:I.2th August :1.854
I have &ca.
Sd/ W. J. Butterworth
Governor
0
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ANNEX MR 18
Extracts of Charles Burton Buckley, An Anecdotal
History of Old Times in Singapore (Singapore:
Fraser & Neave (1902), reprinted in Kuala Lumpur:
University of Malaya Press (1965)),
pp.437,520,546
INVC r,-.-, '' - . ......, ·- ··· ··············•·•'-'
AN ANECDOTAL HISTORY
OF OLD TIMES
IN SINGAPORE
FROM THE FOUNDATION OF THE SETTLEMENT
UNDER THE HONOURABLE THE EAST INDIA COMPANY
ON FEBRU.KRY 6TH, 1819
TO THE TRANSFER TO THE COLONIAL OFFICE
AS PART OF THE COLONIAL POSSESSIONS OF THE CROWN
ON APRIL 1ST, 1867
BY
CHARLES BURTON BUCKLEY
KUALA LUMPUR
UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA PRESS
1965
SOLE DISTRIBUTORS
Oxford UnifJer:si!,y Press, ~ House, London _E.C-4
CLASCOW NEW YOIUt "l'OaC>NTO NELJtOURNE WELLINGTON
BOMBAY CALCUITA MADRAS JC.UACHI LABORE DACCA
CAPE TOWN SALISBUllY NAIROBI IBADAN ACCRA
ICUALA. WMPUll HONG JtONG
© Unfoersity of Malaya Press z965
·Tms .edition reproduced by
kf.nd permissi.on of Fraser fs Nea'lJe, Ltd.
Singapore
REPRINTED·PHOTOGRAPWCALLY IN HONG KONG BY
SOUTH CBl?{,l j>JdllP.!i!tQCES$-~~~ co. LTD.
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1845. 437
then installed in due and _ancient form. Zetland Lodge bas been
fitted up in a manner ,vbich does the hig~est credit to its members,
and fe,v- stations in India., as "I said before, can boa.st of a Masonic
temple so creditable to themselves: and the Ora.ft. In four months
there have .been upwa.~ds of t,venty initiations, aud from the well ...
known respectability ·and indefatigable zeal of the officers and members
of the Lodge, a· perma.uent and most satisfactory career of success
and usefulness ma.y -very reasonably be calculated upon~ Zetland
Lodge has voted a. handsome Pa.st M:a.ster's jewel to Bro. R. Taylor,
in· ~owledg~ent of Lis zeal a,id services.
• ~' List of Die Officer6· of Zella.ml Lodge, No. - 748, es.ta.blished in
Singapore, December 8th, 184.5 :-W. Bro. J. · 0. Smith, K.R-.0!', K.I.
and M. W.- Master; Bros. ,C. A. Dyce, S.W.; T. 0. Crane, :I.W.;
J_. B. Cumming, Sec. and Actg. Treas.; ~'- Smith, R.A., S.D .. ; W.
Gibb, J.D.; J. Craig,- LG.;_· WI[, .Rainford, Tyler."
-0~ the 8th Decembe~, ~he 1irst ¥asonic Lodge called Zetland was
:opened. The following a.ccou!Jt was _give~ ~ the pa.per:-. ·
· '' Pursuant to the Warrant of Constitu.tion la.teJy received fr~m
the. Graua·.Lodge of England (dated February, 1845], 'Zetland Lodge,
No. 748,' was opened in due form on Monday .eveniug· las~, the :vr orshipful Master and Officers being insta.lled and invested. with
;their respectire badges. "There appears to_. ·be every prospect of this
~g.e m~ting with great Sllcce$S frQm the 11umber of members
~lready belonging to it., as well as ttom . the numerous list. of re~
ectable caodi~ for kgitimale 2-dmission to the· mysteri~ ~d. _
·privileges of the ancient and honoumble fraternity." · -
i'he I,qdge was held in a. -house in .A.nnenia.n Street. Mr. Wm.
Napier was the first brother initiated, Mr. W. H.· Read. was the
~nd1 a.t .the first ·mee~ng of- the Lodge;- a.nd Mr. J. D~ · Vaughan
at a meeting in the J a.nua.ry following. ·
The following list of the Office~ and M~mbers was in the- Directory
a:t the commencement of 1846 :-·- ·
W. Bro. J. 0. Smy.th · Worshipful.Mastet'.
Bro. 0. ·A. Dyce,\M.M. Senior Ward.cm.
11 T. 0. Ora.ne., M.M. •.. ... Junior Warden.
11- J. B. Cumming, M.M. Secretary and Treasurer.
,, T. Smith., R.A. .•• Senior Deacon.
11 W. Gibb, )Lll. ·-Junior Deacon
,, J. D. Scott, M.ld.. Inner Guard.
_ u W. Rainford, M.M. • . • Tyler. _
ld:embers:-E. A. Q. Apel, J. D. Booth, 1. Ohimmo., J". Craig., S. F.
Cumming, 0. J. J. Ourteis, G. S. Darby, D. Davidson, T. Da.nma.n,
B. B. Keane, L. Fraser, W. S. Law·son, J. Myrtle, W. Na.pie·r, W. H.
Read, W. Rodyk, W. Scott, J". Simson, J". 'l'hpmson., E. J. White and
R. -W. Wiber. __ . · ·
The Binga,por<& Fr" Pru• ha.d then been es~blished ten years,
a.nd the following ,vas wriUen a.bo11t it. In Mr. Horace St. John's
lndia.n Arch.ipela,,io, he said :-u The yea.r l885 is distinguished in
t?ie histor.r _of Singapor~ as tha.~ in which ~he Fr~ -p~~ was _established.
It 1s amono- the a.blesi and most mO.uentia.1 Journals 1n the
East, conducted with remarkable vigour, and anima.ted a.hva.ys by the
520
THE RAFFLES LIGHTHOUSE.
Iu July, 1838, it was proposed to build a lighthouse on some one
of the islands at the ,vestern entrauce of Singa.pore Straits; and
Barn Island, Alligator Island, and the Coney (where the light· now
stands) were each suggested a~ the most advan~geous. Mr. Coleman
thought the Coney island was too small, having only a superficial
area of seventy feet ·by twenty-two, and only thirty feet above the
sea-level, ,vhile Barn Island was seventy, and Alligator Island one
hundred, but tl1e position of tl1e Coney was considered the best of
the three. Captain Begbie in his book writ.t-en in 1834, said, "The
cluster of islands on the sea; Barn Island, Alligator Island, the
Rabbit and Coney (two small islands which bear a strong similarity
in figure to the animals whose name they bear) present a labyrinth
through which the mariner has to thread his way." Tl1e island 011
which tlie lighthouse is built is fifteen miles south-west of Singapore,
and marks the ou-ter and south channel ronnd St. J ohu's Island to
the Singapore roads.
It was not until 1854 that the project was carried into execution
and the_ following account of the proceedings at the laying of the
foundation stone is taken from the lt',·ee Press:-'' Wednesday the 24th
May, being the anniversa1·y of the birthday of Her Majesty, had
been fixed upon for laying with Masonic honours, the foundatiou
stone of tl1e Lighthouse on the Coney, at the entrance t-0 the Straits
of Malacca. The Hon'ble Colonel Butterworth, c.B., Governor of
the Straits Settlements, proceeded to the place in the H. C. Steamer
Hoogly. Amongst the gentlemen who accompanied the Governor were
the Hon'ble the Resident Councillor, the Hon'ble Sir W. Jeficott-,
Recorder; Colonel Cameron, Commanding the Troops in the Straits;
the Hon'ble Captain EJliot, H. M. S. Sybille ; Captain Blane, H. M. S.
Ra.pi.d; Captain Saunderson, H. M. S. Luy ; M. D'Egremont, ConsulGeneral
for Belgium; M. Gautier, Consul-General for France; and
the other Consuls, a number of the merchants, and tl1e Worshipful
the Acting Ma-ster, Mr. W. H. Read, and a, party of the Brethren
of Lodge Zetland in the East. About twenty of the Masons embarked
on board the Sultan of Linga's· Schooner Young Queen, which was
taken in tow by the Hoogly, ?,~d _ the whole got under weigh about
half-pa..5t ten in the forenoon~ 'l'he day was singularly favourable
for· the ~xcnrsiou, being cloudy with light br~~z~s, .while only a ·
very slight sho\Ver fell. The _ B"and _ of the ~3rd· Regiment M. N. I.
was on board the Hoogly and b:eguile<l the time with music. The
vessels anchored off the Oohey · about 1 p.m. :when the :Ma-sonic party
disembarked and pr~c~e-~e~- ·;t~(·~-~¥~ · ~,r~#ge~~p~ for the cerem~my.
When all was ready tne: Hpn~~le ~th~: Governor: _ ~ail9ed ~nd was received
by the Worsl1ipfnt - the · A~ii~g -~#~r_. a~4: ·th·e Masons who then proceeded
t.o the spot in tl1e follcHvi1lg•_"tbHler~·:~
-- . _Tyle:r .. i.;with~t~wn~Sword. :
Mtlmbe1"_. b.f the ~~and,nther : Brethren
· ·twil~nd,4wo~ ·
' ~- ;.H~~.Banfiersr .. '· ..
bor11e by .. Brbthe~fordoii an4 Passmo~e~
Amcdotal History of Singapore.
der him after haying ·robbed him. ':l'he coolies escaped and reported
the fact; on which Mr. Dunman with a small no.mber of_ peons
went himself in search. On the road o. man informed him that Tan
Ah Choon had been carried to Loh Siah'e plantation. The cliase
was continued, some bang11al8 were passed, where Chinese were gambling
to their heart's content ; and Mr. Dunman finally succeeded in
delivering Tan Ah Ohoon, who wa!=i in the custody of three of his
captors in Loh Siah's premises, who himself was secured. The other
criminals escaped, having been informed by the calls and cries of the
nearest neighbours of the approach of the Police. Here is a most visible
proof of the effects of the power of the Hoe. .A. man is kidnapped
carried through some crowds of Chinese, without any person interfering
to prevent the crime, and these same men save the criminals by their
calls and signals. Tan Ah Choon's plantation has since been robbed of
nearly all its contents."
In April, a. subscription was ma.de for the purpose of ma.king a
st.eel engraving of the painted likeness of the late Mr. A. L. Johnston,
of which there are now copies in the Library, and in several of the
mercantile offices.
On th-e 22nd April, a meeting was held to estab]ish a Sailors' Home,
and a Committee appointed composed of Mr. James Guthrie, Captain J.
S. Sparkes of the P. & 0. Company., Mr. John Harvey, and Mr. W.
H. Read as Honorary Secretary. It was proposed that a fancy dress
ba11 should be given in aid of the funds, and it took place on the 15th
May in the Assembly Rooms, single tickets were f5, and family tickets
J7.50. .
A new flag-staff was put up on Mount Faber in Ma.y, and
within a month it was struck by .liglatning and destroyed; it happened
before daybreak, before the signal-~en bad come to work.
'l'he mast was split into piece.a and fra2'1Dents of it were thrown t-0
a considerable distance. 0
On the 17th April, Mr. H .. C. Rautenberg, the senior of the
two partners in Rautenberg, Schmidt & Co., and Mr. Hurtlaub, the
junior assistant· employed jn Behn, Meyer· & Co.'s, left Singapore with
two other gentlemen for Rhio in a boat belonging to the Tumongong.
They met with a strong current and a high sea in the Straits, and a
squaH caused the boat to heel over and take in so much water that she
sank about two miles froni the shore. One of the gentlemen clung to
the mast of the boat and another kept himseJf afloat by means o~ a
cushion and a mat, and were pickt)_d · up by a fishing boat after being
several hours in the sea. Mr.- Rautenberg and Mr. · Hurtlaub were
drowned. The. whole of the Malay crew and a Chinese servant got
safely to shore. Mr. Frederick George Schmidt remained· the sole
partner in the firm until ·1858, when Gustav Cramer and Adolph Emil
Schmidt became partn·ers. .
-In-one week at,that· .. time several tigers were shot by.. natives. in
the jungle:, and Dr. ·d'Alriieida gave a reward of ·f50 in addition to t_he
same ·ainount--:givmi· oy•;·G.oyernIU:8Jlt~" Jt;-W~J·stkted·,·on. g~~ authonty
thatiJ in •·:the ,[email protected]~!r,distirie~~a)~ne '.more.rthiin}~u;bj:cJ?erpons tbad; been
killed· by,, tigers·r w.ithin',:&.dd)VJ weeics~ -i ;-The:'.Jollo~ "--faoo6mit¼--0f deaths
by:·:tigets -in: th~ ·samefmoiithi:is ·ta1cen.-_·. · HX>IQ.. t1fe · l:u .-Priai ·:~'~ While
ANNEXMR19
"Obsn for fixing rocks around Batu Puteh", by Mr A.
Velu Pillai, from "Survey Department Federation of
Malaya, Topographical Branch, Angle Book TRIG
1524 for Survey of Sheet 135, Season 1959", taken
on 2,10,11,14 and 15 October 1959
SURVEY DEPARTME T
FEDERATION OF MALAY A
TOPOGRAPHICAL BRANCH
ANGLE BOOK
S urvey o f ----.!.-h<- - --1- · 12 '"~ . ..<.e e-h .°)'r\ 3 ~ € .
Sea on 19 ~-
TRlG
1524
Form No. 443 TOPOGRAPHICAL BRANCH
i:riangul-ation for __ __ 0.k.£~.;. __ -----k-~ ~ .-ov..d a..l,ocd· Ba..4.. J) ..... -,Lc..,L,
Survey of _§hs-1!.-i:... __ _ ,_~-~------- Scale __ ,_:_ 3--.. £.:..:?_II/:~ - _ Year ___ l ~::f-~~---
1. This angle book has been designed for use with optical direct reading theodolites.
2. When used with other instruments or when a striding level is used, bubble readings may be entered In the correction
columns.
a. Stations should be entered in order clockwise
0
0n alternate lines commencing with the R. 0 . For swing right book face L
on the odd lines down the page. For swing left book face R on the even lines up the page.
4, The FL and FR measures of each angle are thus entered one above the other until meaned in the "Means• columns.
INDEX
Page Page
l111i.?L,
\Y~;_;~I• ,
Form No.443
(Topo)
Stations Observed
'. ' ..
VERT I CA l,JNGLES Centre Mark
, ( Oescr-iption &. Condition) :i~ ,:
Date __ ~ .: __ l_q.: _f ~ • Tim~- -L~--~-H-~.Height of lnstrument_ _ _4_:.,S:__ •.
1
f~
Observer __ _A .-.Vf-1.u __ _f> ..[UP.:-,. :_____ __ Booker ____ /t. ; _'1c:.J,.,_ _f !.. ! _l!7:_ i •~ •J" _'.~j
1
~~
Th eodolite •.t '-!~'-to·-t- L'.. ...2. . V alue 1 Di v. Striding Lev:_ ____ Al idade Lev: ____ ._ _• ~ , . '. •1t,r4t
Signal Face 1 st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc. ( Zero 45°) 3rd Arc. ( Zero 90°) '•
Observed . .. Col"l"'n, . .. Cor-r-' n. . - Corr-'n. .. , .. ~ "
' . ,,
C c. .-- k ,JJ l,q 1-i.+ h c ,-0c. T..,i~ . L . 0 O r nA - J 04. .._, o, 0-0 - 1 ~~ ., t • '>
t','l
B n.. -k._. l) u.. k../.., . - . ~- R Ill\ o n ,a._~· - .L~ 22~ "- , ~, - .. ., ,,.]
. : ~ tii:j
I J I 1 ? I! I 7 _, ,, .. A_"7 .,1" 11· - <;~ .1;; ,, I.
.• . R llT .2 2- "1 S7 A.I:. .,., 7 .2. 7 . ~-, - .:o c f' :I
,i ;~i 2 L 2. '<C ") (:: ,.,, ,._ ·"' ( {; - ,a
i(~f; ~~ ,,:~. . .. , ·~ R 1~, ~c
,_
- .A.'7 .Ll7 :It"' ,... ,, - .... 1·: '
~~:
.. .. ' .. .. -~ '-- 2 Sl-. ·"'" I 01 .L, Sb ~ :) - .',S .. !I
'',~~ (!~, I, p ,,, , S7 17 .. ,::, ] ' :,.~ Ji:;.••, .. I ,•
•i .4... "" it . L .~ .2 !: .~ A ... 0 0 " ... 2.S" J. 7 - ·ss . .
I .}
'2 111. :0. .2S ,~ - """
r
',t.
c.e nS>c. a P~- I. . L ~ 2 1"'1 10 - 1 I""' 5.3 ~,., " - s;~
' I
••' r: r /; I~ 9. 2,() 10 - S o ,
r ..,-L ~ { •~I...£ k, A fO -- (\ ·, I f ? C cc:: -~ .<; .•:.. 70 r.s-. ., 2. - ,; 9.
I ~ V
V 20S C) Y, \~ - 51 ..2. Sb O 'l: ·~ Allf~:
,-,,, r - L <Ii P- L.. ·- ~ '- ... , 31!. A A ·"., '7C ::.,;;. :>,<;;. ,;s, '~
. - D ,,, -
'. R_ .:ltt .:::It :>..l. - ,,., 7 rr. .'.-),s;, .32 - -- I'.,
I~
- .3t, 3 3 09' ': ,,al< -..J.l J__ -- ,::i ,_ r- ,_ ~1 ' I 2>S3 3 3 14- ""'" .L, ~" ., ., ~ 5g
,. ' . ". R... 17~ .3-3 I - S ,3 ;u g 33 ( 0 - 4' t~~ , ... i , • • - ~4 ; l,I ~"'•I ••
,_. ~ I • i
·;;I:· • •1.;
., Note: For 2 Arcs observe ·zeros 1 & 3 I i'[,l •, ~: • ~t ': ~• • '_:j • .. r .. -, :·; ... ~ ... • 4~~, ~,v,,, .. j .. ... ;
4th Arc. ( Zero 135°) REDUCED ANGLES
Corr'n. l st 2nd 3rd
' ~~ I A , 7 ,,
, ::Z3
.J. 7 II .i-r .-'--"-
, ,.,..
i ,_.,. , ,. ~ .. .......
• 1•1-~ ., ,... .,., .:u:· ~
i) 1.!.! .l. r;~ ·"'·' C,:
; ~c .;.:, ·~ ~ ;::,.
~ , q v > ., ,., ,.
7 A ~o
8 I~ IC\ 1,, . , "I I~
,:, ..l..O
J.S 0 7 .37 07 ;;..,-
l, .1J2
0 7 ,i::.. o "' ~
~I -0 7 A-7• ,.., .L~ Ir
.:37 '.'l-t'I• -~ ,1.'1, 1....-
II
::. <:- ~ .... :, t'il. -::,.-, i,:,, . 3.1 3 ;. ff
-2.0 ···" l •: ~·~ '\~,~t . ;JJ/..
Angles reduced by: ../J_-J'e.Jv_P!f/:1::-_1_ ____
r1'.
.
4th 1&3
. ,
f ,
-· ~-
a f · Pc..rrc>.r>,J~I.
L.:.,,,~ e.<AL....:m .
MEANS
2&4 FINAL
, ., 7
? 'l.,
1
•I
.,,,,i ·
.,IC_, ,,,
I
2}L
~ ..,, .,
J .4. .3 1 / 4
1
Stations Observed
' '~ .. ~t' ~;~:
,, ' : ,~1(,·:,,_·;1~J ri ,,,
' .. I' .. /r·~ ···t· • JI, I , • · · ,. · · .,}.~r, · 1 I,. ·: .•:t. ; ._ 1 j,. 1 4~
r ,:~~,{~ J ~l!;.:r; ·!I'"."'1'
. '\ • i·, • ~_;!:i;'
~ \ic'. .. -~• ~l j !,1. J; 4·,"f t.aitr
• - .<'".. ·- __ ,.
··~.s .. --
.
Fo,-m No. 443
(Topo)
HORIZONTAL
!.
(:.·.:,·
·",,,-,.
'I,
,i' ;·.
1,.::
1r, t' ., .
;,., p . I
• Stations Observed ........
. ,•.
,\
,. -1 -~ o ~.t D L, 1 l,'~L I
v .
'.
·~"~ ,
, ' .
C:--- I
-;;... I -·.-., ~, J-.,,, ,_ ~J
'L· ..J .1. l. u D. - - - I
..,J V
p r,_ _,_
~
.l~
,~ g p,, ,.J..
:, ~, l
., •, . .,. p ~Cl.N - . ·r·· p 1-..:. ...... -
.
-
·-·
ANGLES
Booker ____ ____ _____ _________ .
Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: ___ __ Alidade Lev: __ .--~ -. · > • .,
", ' . ◄ '• '
... r ,' '!' i'
Signal 1 st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc. (Zero 45°) 3rd Arc. ( Zero eo•) Face
Observed 0 .. Corr'n. . .. Corr' n. . .. .. » Corr' n. "
~ -- "
~- . ,..,
u L 1.-- I"\ ,..,,.. ~A - S4 A.C "" 0-0 S"'i. - •"
J} l ~ o ,..,,.. "'~ - ~~ ,. ") '-- (l"b S'3 - S3
t ►,
• -'-
0_ __
,.. -.n r ["_ ___ Ta c,,
,.... __ .,
<J ..., '- '
p ,l, _J Il l A"
l,<. 7 ........
.,.,, -- - . r . J rn ., 15
/ I
I 2.0 0-0
1.3.~ 00
,0 .. 14,,3 .3o-
·-
'
~
J !•' I
~-
Not,e: For 2 Arcs observe Zeros 1 a. 3 ,.'· ... kk,' '--.1 6-f
'
,J·.
' ~
filgnal Reference Marks
( Dias ram &. Dimensions) ( O,agram Dc~criphon &. Measurem,eQts)
4th Arc. ( Z ero 1 35°)
Corr'n.
REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL
Stations Observed
. .... ,
, ..
1
. , ., r .
., : ~-- '\ ",r. r I
Form No. 443
(Topo)
HORIZONTAL (Fl~)
VERT ICAL ANGLES from_P..~L_Tg_.J?_4.~~-- -' (
Primary)
:Secondary
Tooo Centre Mark
. ,: "i:
-.; r~ ..
Date _ I~~-'-~ i ~-1 __ ( Description & C ondition)
Height of Instrument __ 4-!:..3~'- _
.. Observer __ ,A_._ l'eJv_,_ .f? &~.:-___ _____ _ _ Booker __ _,4 _._v_~_'--!_f'.. £ ~ ::-::~ _ _ _
Theodolite_H~--L ~. Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: __ ___ Alidade Lev: __ ____ _
. ' Stations Observed Signal Face 1st. Arc. ( Zero 0°) 2nd Arc. (Zero 45°) 3rd Arc. ( Zero 90°)
Observed
0 .. Col"r'n. . .. Corr'n. . .. Corr'n . .. .. "
R. -c
'-- ' • - L ,() L '= £..J L -- A- .t. 0,, ./-_ J.... _ 0 0 0 ,t_ "2.. - A. <. q c = .2 ~ __,_ .,_
I 0 V
11'. n ,...,., A , - -"-:i.
I (' S6 c:c ,. , C?o c:. .--...c: - _,_ ,
~ Q "' .4. l
2 I c c. .A..<; - ..:1. l. q 1 oc:: .",2 - .l.. >
'"' ,.., ,-. .,--u - l..1.i
_.,_ 2 04 :S'S - 4 . , 9 :. O.a. LL 2.. ~-· ....
l l'., .::i_ 0 4- St. - ..cl..J
-4- 2. 1, si ...... ' q L , f 0.l. - ..2. ?
..
1'6 2 ,s 5 I - 4-.2.
p. G~~- h-, ·~ he..s-1- i."-)n ,. · _,_.J_ -3"1 .2 0 .le ... - 14 ',. l"Ja ,q 3 , - - .1 7
~
.2. 13 1 .-, l .:> - 4-c;
p Pc.a...-k. . , ,,.. - J.. J .A. "'- <f'b 3..3 - A.~ 13:, ob OS ,;_-,
.....
,2_-, _.,. = i.o - 44
l ·,,,1-,+- I-- ~ ,. <rT"> p. Pe,.r, a ,-,.. a11 ' / A A ""' , <:. - ,1 G / ;,, /1 k ..z. o - .:t...7
V ,
1;;) ..., ~c A'> - .4.'T
p L ' ,- • - I ' 4-:5' h ,<. 4- ~ <! ;_.;a {( .:,..__(" .L-~ - I I
,: :1-2.., fl 5-J - +i
Note: For 2 Arcs observe Zeros 1 & 3
I•
I
I,t,' "-.-.
\
3
§lgnal Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagram &. Dimensions) ( Diagram Description &. Measurements) Photo Sortie No, ______ Serial No, _________ _
4th Arc. ( Zero 135•) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
Stations Observed
0 .. Corr'n. 1st 2nd. 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL .. 0 .. .. .. .. ,. 0 ..
0 g_ , . ::. 1,- 5<. ,, 0 .::;c: ,, ,,. '
ST, 0~
~ 09 ,,..
I O"'- 0(; oi: -- I oc. CJ7 2
Of,
I r,C, 0...
.2. <;..i /l.. 19 / ,--A-fi 0..A. _,..s; , OA IS Cl
, o,.+.. -l'f .- ~ .
I
- ..- ~ISA- 7-"=- - IS' o_~ , 2.. IS" o~ - +
3; l1 .3.>-
.H.L
'"' 2>7 ,,.. og
/q .'2.1 ."l.~ '"" ;._ 7 v p . r::__ ..J -
,d .,-q
.311
.A' s-q ~ ~ ' :;~ ~A / p D~ - /,.
s:; .3'f,
S3 / p P~.VY")~,,c;.. 7.11 , ' c..1.....,/. l, A .<S.- .. " -:,,- ....,.,_ A,, -~~ ::,-..J-
- \...~.,__..,_,
::,,c ,.,,.-
o8 {o JI C. ID LI,- ,,. It L<h A 0\ ~ p . - L ·...,.._ .
I
fl 07
Angles reduced by: .A:YuuJ?.!R':::-:..: ___ . Checked bY----~.-:- -
r
Form No.443
(Topo)
{' . 3.
·rf::~.!.: f ~ •, ►~-'::.:~,·.~
" •
1
, ~ ,' • :-·,.:: ••f.'r,;' ( Pri,.,a.-,.)
, , Secondary
VERTICAt ANGLES from- -- ----.· - -- ___ : ---~ :_ - TePO
. HORIZONTAL • 1,1 .....
r
'. Date _____ ___ :_: __ Time _____ ___ _____ Heightoflnstrument_ _____ __ _
) . \ Observer _______________ . __ _ . _ _ _ Booker. _____ ___ __ ____ ______ _
LTheodolite ________ __ _ Value 1 Div. Striding Lev; _____ Alidade Lev: ______ _
Stations Observed Signal Face 1st. Arc. ( Zero 0°) 2nd Arc. ( Zero 4 s·)
Observed 0 .. Corr'n. . .. Corr'n, .. ..
r1,... ~ ,.., .J.. ' ic, _:;,. A n r,'> hr~ C _ ('.-J........ '" .... , .2.0 - e-, ,
(j
...., I .J
:...~ .2., LI r...
f .
hut- - i:>A-. ! ·- J r. J - - ~ reo,-,L 70 ..2...2 :zc - I,,
" ,J
2 SO , ., . >.. 0 ...
\.. .~,~·. . . . .
, ._t_J_ L ,_ D - J _ D ~1 0 6C) Sl. - lcr
I ·~ "" -· - ,..,,
Q_ ..... .s &,...,,)c...-4 ~= ~ -~ L.,___ ;.,. 11_ ,_ .. ,.-,. - ' , ~ • r, (', ~ '7 . ;
-, V V ~ V
-.
A .... I p~ I , - ~
. P. I . ,....., 1c:-. ~ - '
L J. ........ -;-__ ,-() II 1 J=,.,,,, ~ 0..2 C'"r
\ I D <J ,./
~.\ n! I~:
Note: For 2 Arcs observe Zeros 1 ct. 3
•, .. ,.-
Centre Mark
( Description &. Condition)
3rd Arc. ( Zero 90°) . . Corr'n. ,,
''° .L'l /."!), - .-,.c
IC.-. .l.l ( ,- LIi
o- .~ .32. - •'k
I
...{ ,
§lgnal Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagram & Dimensions) ( Diagram Description & Measurernents) Photo Sortie No. ______ Serial No. ________ _ _
4th Arc. ( Zero 135•) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
Stations Observed
0 .. Corr'n... 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1 &3 2&4 FINAL ~ .. .. " .. ,. 0 ..
C ~ - ,:. D , c. -'1. "- f," C' ·i: "'--~ 6 0 .:z.r;; A. t ., !/.,_ ,-;.,. . ~ ~ /.:)..(_.o""I,, ~
' v I J
.2<. -,
·; C' ' I ~-:, > I LL./. ,~ ..:: 1 ..... , / o
.,_, 6e 4-1 · 1-. +- ..... R /.u, ..., /_,I - , ___
✓
;,.1 A r
I
I
! .
Angles reduced by: _}.__l(e./1-<.~l!~:.~-·--- . Checked by __ %:[~ ----
I
/I
r ,,,.
I -,.,,.. 1 J
Form No.443
(Topo)
Stat_ions Observed
: . a.11.,,,/,, ,.:",,,., .;~
HORIZONTAL ' (s::!;::~) 1f /6 ,; ' x J_,
\l€-R-TICAb. ANGLES from.F.l='{ __ ,;;;.~s_-!_8£._(l_~~'i)_(lJ, 1,,...,. .. ) Topo Centre'·Mar:-k'. ,
1 ,. ( Description &. ~ hd;u;n)
Date_}l_-__ JS-l.;_ J.7 Time ___ S _ -.h, _ '1 __ =-,., _HeightoflnstrumenL_f:-_2 __ (cs.s.tu? : .
A n . · t. ,:,.._., J • . .. 'l/d.
Observer __ ___ ·_le.Jv ___ r-_cJL~ ---------_ Booker __ .A : vc.f,_r_f_,JL,-,,._. _ ---- --~"-~ 6~'"""" ,-,.:~ .
Th eodolite ___________ Value 1 D1. v. St r,.d m. g Le v:_____ Al"1d ade Lev:_______ ,, ....7.. -,-C: c,_,-=s-;>.<.---/-l c.. '/B"t rac. fl:J - ,.,, ~_",; ,.✓...1-
l I J:..i J,._· v/,c...,-,1 .2 L¥-
Signal
Observed
Facet--_l_st_._A_rc_._(_z...,..er~o~0-•~)--1~2_n_d_A_r_c. _(_z_e~r~0~4-5_•)_t--3-r_d_A_rc_._(_Z_e~ro,-,:-9-0_•~)--1
Cor'r'n. • .. Corr'n. • N Corr'n.
r, ,..,,._ 3c - ,._
I
l&o ~Cl .2 f 2 1
2. ~ o 3..9 - 3 o a, _<, t'\
I I
15.:i. .">,o '.l.q - , ,
2 _"l, R "'r " -- I I ·~., ..3>- I.~ - 21
, _',O 2c; -"" , -,._ , r L - .l.f.
I I
1,-,.2 Sb 14 - 21
? S1 .-:i.c - 3 n c;_ ,7 , U-1 I
19.' ,1 .=IC - .2,
h, L ~- - ,,, . ,..,__ _ _ L.. - Go 01'1 ..4...q_ :!,u
2...d..r, o:, C"., - .2.-..
~ ..i p ,'") , ; ,,.._ 171 ,iq 37 '2 .
[I vs
" ~, A<: .::.o - ......
L~ L (L. J P. J. I .,..., nr--; .::.c ., ,,.
r:- ~ 1¥,-0 :_-;-o .21:: ,_:,-
c.L A.,,., L- 1.........- .lo J:/,.D "{;,. ~.) ~9 /V,-1 y,.;s .. ,._"(,/c,. .)
V -
Note: For 2 Arcs observe·zeros 1 &3
------------------------------------------- - ------ -----------------------------
J-f !: !! .fry, '7 .ffif ~ r-'cd ::::, I:.- '
filgnal Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagram & Dimensions) ( Diagram Description & Measurements) Photo Sortie No. __ • . __ Serial No. __ _
C
_,.. . cJ,
'-{7d,, .. ~,
~t.u:J., -.z..vLs.kol __ J
t:)r,C.t<... /"'4. ( \.. r,_.._ v.) r N) J . ~ f
.. ,.
h ,~~ /<J~ J f cl/- p <-P'- T4-<. ,,,,:c,,.;.ph.. <-n ~, .,._ --- ~--· 1 ''' c. !. ·~_Re' ,,.J.'-{ & C &>.> ~ birch. . .,, , ~ • ,~ .~s t .S """" ....... t~~ ..,,... ,"I ~. ,!.,,,. ... /,,, , ___
4th Arc. ( Zero 1 35°) REDUCED ANGLES - ME;,\J rs---- -----
,:; - -..J
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n.. . . 1st .. 2nd. . 3rd. . 4th 1 &3.. 2&4 FINAL , . . ..
. ~ - no
~- t T
~
-, >., c,o I/ "' ' ~ ., .3 0 ,s I .
_,n 17 ;
.2 :,.-, .".C , _ ... .., __J_{. ✓ ., 'l."J A"- 2-
''1'-
.37 5¥ ,,, --•-~l-'~
:, ·- ('T [,, So OS- , 2 .l!L"I c,Q. ~
...... r.,
/.:L '
( w 7l
5·7 at: ,: 7 '....4 .2. S7 II . • -. S7 ,s ..
i,
(;n r,c, ,.., ., c;;o 0~ .,.,
(
0--, '"
,.
I
, -, 7 ~" ."'J1 1-- ,. . .. '~-, ..... t"L:,, fL~ ~ .1 ,;., P. - ---- -
I ..., -✓ -:
LJ.. f.. (TT;/
~
Angles reduced by: _i\.: Yci"./:?_t!~~--- Checked by __ ~,.__:.:.•·•.,. , 1,
1
, ~ ,· = t••·
..... '
••./'!.•
..... rormNo.443
(Topo)
Stations Observed
VERTICAL ANGLES from __ Pi-.f-<=_-~t--Av~--L.~~ . (
Primary) Seconllory
ToPO
r , :• ~
; I ( ~
Centre Mark
Date __ ~t_ :._~ 9 _._ --1 Ti~e __ i _·_.,:i _q_ __ q~ .
I .. ( Description &. Condition)
Height of Instrument_ 4 __ $ __ Observer __ A_; Jci<J __ }?_t_l_½-: _· ___ • ____ _ Booker .. kJl~l.l.. _ P..1J~.::,-_ ~--- ·
Theodolite_ .v'J..:J~_z..:_ Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: _____ Alidade Lev: ______ _
Signal Face 1 st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc. ( Zero 45•) 3rd Arc. ( Zero so•)
Observed 0 .. Corr'n.. . . .. Corr'n.. . . N Corr'n. "
/.,,_" d) I ._/ .1 k, ..,, ~ . ll."\ .-n S:- 1 ~"'I ~-0 .,, i;-., ,n:, t..J ~
I
t:;o "" .a...!t C/0 I') ~ '- ( Clo I'~ , - ;
..
R a , ,~ 4S' ~ Q ~ .J 4- J.. 8Q '-/'-4 l t'
I I
0-U c'l I , ·- f l \.....,., ,. On , .... = '?o I .1· <h> o- l'-1, S"?:>
C
,
UL- -,-.rO d. r ,_.. J.
f
. '
..
Note: For 2. Arcs observe·zeros 1 a, 3
filgnaf Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagr-am & Dimensions) ( Diagram Description & Measurements) Photo Sortie No. __ __ __ Serial No. ___ ______ _
4th Arc. ( Zero 135•) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n, 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL
" . .. " .. " ,, 0 ..
8 t'J 1-, ,:n:,
•tt, r ~ '.r
8-7 - "'"' "-/
C:,!) /u JR
I ! Angles reduced by: - ----- -- - -- --~--:---- Checked by ___ __ ______ ___ ___ _
~, 1 ,
kn
I
J
.3
A
D "
1.
Stations Observed
, .... 11
HORIZONTAL ( s::;;;JY)
ToDO. Centre Mark
C + ·~ ,, ) . . ..
o ..- ( Descr,ption &. Cond1t,on)
Date_}_4_._J_o_;J"7 Tim_e __7 .-~~s.i_ :~_9 -,,.,~-Height of lnstrument_ __ ~s __.. <- bc->-~ ~~--<- / .. ,
Observer ___ A.-Y.cl.J __ .f? JlLs ... __ _____ Booker __ _________ ___ __ ______ ..- ::....--1- Cf ·~7 c- ••
Theodolite _\ci,J·{ _ Li..-. Value 1 Div. Striding Lev:. ____ Alidade Lev: ______ _
Signal
Observed
Face __1_ st_._A_r_c_._(_Z~e-r~o_o_•_> _2_ n_d_A_r_c_._(_Z_e~r_o~4-5°_)_ _3_ r_d_A_r_c._(_Z_e~r-o~9-0°_)_
Cor"r'n. Corr·n. Corr'n,
r la/ 'J .;,.-.p CV?J C ·
- ...,. r ._, { .H
,, _;_4 ,_ 37
.. , , , 4..0 - ,,;
c.- ..1...
'C
I \ , I -L-, .. .,
- i i ,.. J LT I 1 - .. t '.:' I I .
-- --'f · f _. ~ ! ..
~ ~ J C,f'l ,, f f .•,:, 'f- t,
) ,J I ·./
1•-n .~r, • •• ~ .~ - . ! .:, -;
j
I
I
_____P_ u_~_~_c_<.-<..·_._ _,,.. ·. t_~' _ , __.. <-_· '>_.'. .: -ot-~F-o:_ r_2 &A _r._~_o_b. s.e. -Pcv_'"".-Z:.-. :.- ~-o.• .s.- :-&.-•. .. :-J ... ri..d_..._',_,_c_.A,..._~, ___ ,. _.__...__... _. .__ _. ...____. ____.... .... ; j
7
Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
r - . ~ · --. "!I I
4th Arc. (Zero 135") REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n . 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL .. 0 .. .. . . .. " 0 ,.
,_., ~ II " ~
. , .....
1.2.,. 0 ~
h...JC I\ ~- -•• - .A.~ .,,.,., II ac:: / I
II 17 II nA. -
A.<L a , A..., SI
I ,., ,... , _ .A..A .n, .2 ~ ....
A <;' c~ 11 .c ~ 7
' I 4-'t:, ,,~- ·' '" = -'. ..1... 1 .d.' .',7 '
4., S 7 .4. 'i Sl:, I
~..t. ..- l-4-7' -n, ..,__, / > -, A \ 4 7 6:~ ,,,
4-~ ,L- I
147 "'2. cd.,C,. ~.,
Angles reduced by: _A.: Y~r..1_J~1l!~ .. :. __ __ Checked bY-- -~-"=-- --
~'O
Form No.443
(Topo)
Stations Observed
E 191 ::, .J. ¾re,
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL ANGLES from __ ,&_4-_,__.f.?~_._[fj (
Primary) Secondary
Topo
Date __ l-t-·-J _Q ·_ -"'-7 Time ___ 1_(? _-~s--,_ -~ - Height of Instrument_ ___ ____ _
Observer _ -A" Vd.L _ fc!_,_lt~_ ~---_ -__ __ -- Booker_ A_·_'l.ef u_ J! J L°iA _____ _
Theodolite _________ __ Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: _____ Alidade Lev: ____ __ _
Signal Face 1 st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc. (Zero 45)
Observed
0 .. Corr'n. 0 .. Corr'n.
- .. ..
~
L. ,_ - --,.. ,,.., 00 '2_ A - .., ,.
v ~
I
,'-- fc;.,-, ,.,.., ,;,__,-, - ..,,
"'/
C:- i~ ~ ,,, .L /IQ. C::- - -- ~ (. <:"" .,_., .. q - "l.~
,J V I v -~ f l'>6" ;;_, 12 1-,
I u
I "' r- ..l.::L 7 3~ ::.~ - "'"
~-;~ ,.f-., <.'i, <. j --
.t1.. -S ~ 1S I /4- ~::,- - ,I. ,-,
\ -~
("' 71 I'+ t.lL; ' .
.fl-~ ~"' T ,-. . ~ . ..... -·~r. I? . l'1 Q .3 ;; .:, J?J LI A ..t
$ .., I ,;J
1 &-n ,ro .lo - .2-o
Note: For 2 Arcs observe ·zeros 1 & 3
Centre Mark
( Description & Condition)
l 3rd Arc. ( Zero 90°) . .. Corr'n.
"
q.., .-~ ,~ - -- ,,o .-.... _,
a<;- 2. "1 QO - .20
::i. .,- -~ 9. , 7, I"\ 17
2.,.11 14 A.. ! I G
C,t = / J r 4-
§.!_gnal Reference Marks
( Diagram &. Dimensions) ( Diagram De!>cription & Measurcmo,nts)
.5e.c__ < ✓ :~>=...J - P · 9
4th Arc. (.Zero 1 35°) REDUCED ANGLES . .. Corr'n . 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
" 0 " " ..
'
<::' I ~c t:; ? C: . ..,.
, c :; .z.
) ~., -!,~. = 'l.!t , .,_
:?. , ,,
. .-- , ,,, I,' I A , ,;
f.LL .:_q
Angles reduced by: __ A_ -_ 1/eJ,_,__EJJl
Photo Identification & Remarks
Photo Sortie No. ___ ___ Serial No. __ ___ ____ _
MEANS
Stations Observed
, &. 3 2&4 FINAL
I
" ,. . ..
c:; ? J:. !i_ I f r_. ~ J. To ' r , n _.,
..,.,., ~ c ,s.9,_
""' C"'' , .. ., :..
Checked by __ ~;;.,._-:_:.=.
~
\j = I v
I
1
'
••• +
. 1'' \ 6 ,,;1 1
I, i \ ~L-:.,,1
Form No.443
(Topo)
Stations Observed
R -n
C ,. r--.1..Jt- • ./! ·- .• , k_
ll
k? . n
I , r,
HORIZONTAL
V-ER-i:tCAL ANGLES from __ ~ __ Rr-vk.L _ @ (
Prl,.,ary)
Secondary
Tol>O
Date_ 14-.:._Lo_ -__ .i.j ~ime . _ $ __ .fu.£ -l~ p= .Height of Instrument_ ____ ___ _
Observer. J.L" .YeJ• .1 . __ f. J Jb _._ __ ___ __. . Booker. ___ _____ ________ __ __ _
Theodolite_ k'IJ,,,U_ J:.;.,._. Value 1 Div. Striding Lev:. ____ Alidade Lev: __ • ___ _
Signal Face 1st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc, ( Zero 45•)
Observed 0 .. Corr'n: . ~ .. Corr'n. I "
.A. "
, __ ,,, -- "'I-
(S<l (T'r, _,? -- 3 "\
s - ,,,_ ,a ,...,.. A ~
..2.o-"- .;;<> _l, 7 - 2,.
::> r,o ,,· - n·
I...,., ,.,.,,, \u - Sb
S· 1-:i. .... ,..., 'Tl
/2,., . r.:IGL.-4 ..,. ... .J IL , , 1.- J, - n D - .., _ ..,_-
I ,J -J
1'20 ~ , ~ ;i_,
r ~ ,_ ~ ,,. J .. ;;_l-. r""\..-. - : , ., .., L.1.7 7, I
. ' J I
_,
I v ,~ , "1 -:, ~ -,
1 4
/"' - ./J..._D- . L , . 2.c-1 I ,- .l'---' .. ~
J I
11 IS .22. - _,._.,
rr._L _,JI ....-....-.ks , ~ L.l Ut.J 2L 1-1.c
;,_.
q...J ,, ..!-c .Ll,A.
r -:> ,.._.,,_ A.. ,, • L✓•• ' · · - ."..,I, . ,..., C ,...,., ,'3 0 - -~ c;
V V '--
l .,-o - sv
Note: For 2 Arcs observe ·zeros 1 & 3
Centre Mark
( Description &. Condition)
3rd Arc. ( Zero 90•) . "
Corr'n.
"
o ~ '-~ , > ' ,
-, Jo fTT'l ~-9 "-"
I
,, :>, -::,_ ..-, 17 -:. ,
~·- )...') .2.~ - a •
q,-, C f / j - ' IS
2.7o :7'b LJ ') - J. ..,
Qr , ..,.._ ) - .2 \. ...
_;___7 0 <n> ;;_ 1 ,_.,
q \- J 1 u ':I~
2 7 .!,- .l 7 c.J~ _;_,.
c;,- ~ .LI :, I
)...70 /JD I - I~
t - " .. ' , ~ -:
§!.gnal Reference Marks Photo Identification &. Remarks
( Diagram & Dimensions) ( Diagram Description & Meuurements) Photo Sortie No. ______ Serial No. ___ __ ____ _
'1 •"f'•'J~
/J..J e,, {,:J,v,.~ .B o.J..p-..<...h--1..-, -. --~ s
4th Ar-c. ( Zero 1 35•) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n.. . . 1st .. 2nd. . 3rd. . 4th 1&3.. 2&4.. FINAL 0 , .
] ~ ~~ oc. ~,., ...... !l"t ,~ ,
C::eJ>I-.-. .c. ~ ., .
I I .J
2-.A 0 .2~ .,-3 -
I
5 27 ,c. .2.7 07 s 2.7 I ? fl- - r:, J / a . C M r'l """-..
u " . J .
.., , r,7 ,., /q .,
J 'I /i.L 5t) 7<"\ ,,,_ ,.., .LL
/4- if
: ., ,,L .t-' -:-~/.:, c.L. '\ -, -, A A">. JI(" r~ _..1. ,,..{;
_,
""2. ~r:;;
Angles reduced by. _.A_ :.. f eJ !.I.. .I.?_ U! :.":::. .: __ Checked by_~~-----
_.- /
..... ,..
F'orm No.443
(Topo)
, ,. .. r
HeRrZOtffM: •'
VERTICAL ANGLES from.J:~a~.f!~~---@ (
p,;..,.ry)
leco,ula,v
ToDO Centre Mark
Date_ ).'-t.:_! ?_ ~-J_/ Time ___ .5. ~ ~ .9_ .f- en -
, ,, ( Description &. Condition)
Height of lnstrument__--:f-. -~- _
Observer __ A.: J!cl.u .. P...1.1!:-::-..: ______ _ Booker ____ &_ ~- tc.J..1.t. f? J!l~:
Theodolite.Jx..:.lo.LTi... Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: _____ Alidade Lev: ______ _
Stations Observed Signal Face 1 st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc. (Zero 45•) 3rd Arc. ( Zero 90•)
Observed . .. Corr'n. . .. Corr'n. . Corr'n. ~ .. , .. ,,
, =.,n ,...,, [f_,. -·, .1 RI;;.~ , - I ~ L,..,, 0(") 07 S'./- n r-. C-1 L1 ) 1 ,-, 07 AL
I I J (.) v · ,
Rq ·'' il , 8Cf !; / t;..q... !! CJ . j-,. Ll..s
""'~ = /2_ :," a.i,-r,. fl'") / , I •~ 1"'9' I+ ~ :-:,1.
rr.r$,J {>Cl"'+
J-,., ,..1) ,_,,. .J,_ J- 2.. f Q,..' S!q ~.- - o ,tL C:: Ct LL( f).,-
I - I '- I .
t:;o /,1_ / C -"7::J I+ I ,.
,, .
,;. . ..__~+ n-~...J ,.II .,......,..L - LJ •:.·_') ,;,:; ,, -:- Rq => l 4 ·
I I I U,..) q.., ~" ,,, ·i Or, J n 4(,
I
..
•. . ,. .. ,
Note: For 2 Arcs observe ·zeros 1 & 3 -l
..... 1 ....
' : ' : 1
§lgnal Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagram & Dimensions) ( Diagram Description & Measurements) Photo Sortie No .. ___ __ Serial No. __ _______ _
L. .
J...
3 +
4th Arc. ( Zero 1 35•) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n.. . . 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL " .. .. .. .. 0 ..
G o 07 LL (
iq .r I ,,,.,,
7
I f f- 3
,
' ..
:
Angles reduced by: ~--•:._.:_------ - -- -:.:: ~-\ . - tfr
I ,,. .._ .' .► ~ .... "- • -.,,
•j .
r .. q-..". r ..
1
I•
"
),
,•,.
Form No. 443
(Topo)
HORIZONTAL
'·;, :·. _.·. ': < ~,.:7· ~---·;:· ·:.<-. ~~
V-E-R+lGAL ANGLES from .. ~ . P.:~,{~ __ (D
Date.J..Z_· _ _f_~ ---=7 Ti"!e ___ ~-..r-!'--~. Height of Instrument_ _______ _
Observer_ .fl. .: .Wv. __ p_,_l)~_ _ _____ _ _ Booker ___ /_._ !!~.A~_· _ _
Theodolite ••. ~ ~Jq[[i. Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: _____ Alidade Lev: __ ____ _
Stations Observed Signal Face 1 st. Arc. ( Zero o•) 2nd Arc. ( Zero 45•)
Observed . .. Cor'r'n. . .. Corr'n. .. ..
p_ ,..
I- ., <" ,,/ '" r , '"\ Q./}~ . 0 ,,...,_ -:, .- <:, .
I \.,
l~ ,.., ,·v·1 2C ~.-
,-,_ [,/ -- - /, ,--- .-1.. ~,i 1 '7c ,, . .. ~ _;,-,
~ ,.I ·~ ........ - :,. -:-r. ..., /l , 7 - , .
I
I 0 r'I("\ ~ c; :J.!>-
/< . ,.. . f l_, - - ' ~ .:~. i ) -- n r. 1,;..r, ~ 3 () ·- 3 o
' I ..., -
..
.
:
..
~'
Note: For 2 Arcs observe·Zeros 1 &. 3
3rd Arc. ( Zero 90) . N Corr'n .
"
C?o .'"'o ~:; .4. - l~-,,
- 1 0 n"' "'.;?, r, ~ ..3o
2GG A..Ll. s:o - -0:Q
s~ ,. ,.. 3o - ,3 ;..
9 0 0 0 4-0 Vo
2.7 n 0 0 .3.S- •"- f
:
'
1 i
filgnal Reference Marks Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagram &. Dimensions) ( Diagram Deser-iption & Measurements) Photo Sortie No. ____ __ Serial No. ___ ______ _
4th Arc. ( Zero 1 35°) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n . 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL
" . .. .. .. .. " 0 "
12 .:-~ ,, c. ,,. , I' ., A , ~- f 7C ,,. ,. tt- ~ C 1 ,-- c_ J/,,.~ ~~ ,L ~ ,
A A._ I DO ~P.? ~ ~c:. h ci,Jn ,....,.. c(_~ ~ e 7
,, '; /,,
I/
,,,-I
f ( ~ '\
( ~ \ \' ~ ) \ ·Ba, ~"<.- p .• ~
,, V ~\ ~ - .I - I •
/ 'v- ...... ....... /
i I\-
rP ( J> - / - a. c,·, cu • ~,.., ~.:vL .2. ~~ < ...-,c_ .J--.r::_-, °"~
I / v Ju<-A. '"'"' I~- 26 · 7 · -> 'f / -h-v,,- ,:s no
"la. C-- ... ~ - -1"-- ,, r~.r'! ..__ L , h· ~- ·- . , _.,..,,.....k_ .
v. "' IV ) ~~/ ' T h,'J m" J,.. C ~ ,-,r.l °rf1"~ _,!..,;, h c.- c~
NUV n,e,.,J bu pc ~. ~ 'l- ~ our.:. ..... c.,u,n-✓-2- ..., ~
l:u.. ~- c-, ~t. - ll_._ ,.,.,, _J.,. ~ J ye,._/
~ LX .Jo II. ~ ,......--c.A.. .
Angles reduced by: -A -l d ,.,_./!. t.l_l-:-_ ·-. ~ - - Checked bY---~r~---
(Topo)
Stations Observed
L , ,,.._,
t~ p_ _ I D, _..LL .
Observer __ A_ Jldv _ J?_ ! LI~-__ . __ . __ Booker _,4 _ t: L. _ )?_,_I!~---- .. ._ I,.;,, ~-,-
Theodolite_ l"Ji.-kLt~..: Value 1 Div. Striding Lev: _____ Alidade Lev: ______ _
Signal
Observed
Facet--_l_st_._A_rc_._C_z_e~ro..,,...o_•_)--11--2-n_d_A_r_c_._(_z_epr~o-4_5_._)-+-_3_r_d_A_rc_._(_Z_e_r~o..,,...9_0•_)--t
Corr'n. • .. Corr·n. • M Corr'n.
,·,
C ,,...,,.. ,,..., -· I r c,,-, oo I( "
1,: ,.., cc oo
('.; 7 ... r r,s;_ - ., 157 Ar ,~ - ..
JC:-<:> o, '., - - > ) ~ ~, "- - ,,
1-:2. 1~ IA .'l -~ , ,,2... .,'.ll. ,._ ..
.:--':.~
',,,
'I
.,.,
~~
~M~~'\_,:.
-,:-.,---------------+- --- --4-- +....!.::~ f-.!.!~~U..J--==+..!..£::.+---~-11--11--J.--I-...J..:ll2..~~~~+-=---+-=---1 ~' ~ -~~:'--~;~·-·:. -.- -,----=--- - -------+-----1--+~ 4 ..l.!l.L.J-52.l.J-::=-+-=--+---+--+--~-4--l---4- -4--- -l--+---!I '~ ~ ~:ri~~
O_i,. . , fl., .. - _, .J-o J... __ .,J.. ., fl.I\ nc;: ,-n ,._,. ~ s-s; ,.,,.,, - .,
I
l o o II In ,c l ct o ee &O - -
(j n n ........ -
-·'.~~.!• ~ .-~;';; -:- :-".,"'- :--:---:.- -:.---;------ ---+- ---- -4--+..l..l:~~r:yi-J-.O-t---"=+.l.!,;14--___;~-ll--l~-J.- -1--- 4--- 4---l----+-- ~1::~ :.~ .~ -~
l <l.' C'i <°'l"I . ..... , n
♦ I
.~t:'l ~ ; ., ~.j~
7~-::~ ~;/-..;;,I..~..•;. .-"'------- ----1----:-----11---,J--+--+-+--+--1----l---+-~---1--+--4----l--1--~-I"~: 'ir~ I , 1, ~111
- ,, .. ~~ '
1
( '
·.
., ~:. ~, .• i ~~~-:t~. Note: For 2 Arcs observe Zeros 1 a. 3
. ,, >'
• \ f
Reference Marks
',~ I lo i~., ~~: 01 ♦)~•._ ~. -:\~;~•!' . . ' . ' ,. ' ..
Photo Identification & Remarks
( Diagram & Dimensions) ( Oiagr3m Oescr ipt1on & Measurements) Photo Sortie No. ______ Serial No, __ _______ _ ..".' ...
,! •
4th Arc. ( Zero 1 35•) REDUCED ANGLES MEANS
. .. Stations Observed Corr'n, 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1&3 2&4 FINAL .. 0 .. .. .. .. .. 0 "
1· •
. .
'-:"7 A<; 0, ✓ _a C (I 7 c::-,, . r OL r .~ -• ~ " .. (v') tl ~ .i_ - p ;..,;(._,
,c C" .... , 'Iv ,.., , 24 ,. IGS 01 .2..A I
I ~ .2.. 2. .,. ,._ ~ -, -" D [.r ,s~ ~ 7 h • ...
I 0 a..f · .,~ o ?, 4-7 , -re, "lt 0 0 / ..,<l: t"\ 03 on Q___ c,,._..J. t-at -k s . .l ~ ..:
! ;
-· 11 00 ..
- - , .
(,"'\ ~ # '•
,. .., 1~ ~
:/ \ - / \ l:c
'> ' (< . ~ ~--= h Q/, ,., J. ~ I / ,-, . r- ,,...,., I ' . '< . : ;
~' J ,"" ~~ k<~\ ~ •\\.\_...___
J_ -~~ I
(3,;.,L_ o .. i'l 0 · >( (j: - l
,.__ - ~ ? - -·
--✓
~' ,t'.\ ,1..... -:: ....
"μ'.>. I ... •:
'3 . -- ~( I ~ e,. c~ ~e, I- ~ ,r, ,':/A ,z-,1 lo• J err, I x -..s y _ l -~t il""" ,.. -- - - f
. I
.. '( •• .
---- • J
2 [._..;..--- ',
., ,•✓:.. ·
I A,jt:-4 IA,1e t,l>' j ::; - \'i.s<-bl<- ....- 1 :,, I, ..t,,;,/. . ( 6" ;~~J,,, s &/11/.J wu4v q_;-,1 /!> •J o a ,,.,
Angles reduced by: _A,_ 'lll--l<,,r_Ll l./::<..~-'- -- -
✓ 0,-., C: -
Checked bY---~~.f_ ____ _
..~ .c,k. ~-"5 . . -q#.& ,.._,J ., .;,_.i :-.,- ~-,__, ~
ANNEXMR20
Out Telegram from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Malaysia (Wisma Putra) to All Missions,
20 December 1979
4RGENT· OUT TELEGRAM
20th December 1979
Tel. No. C 144
From : Wisma Putra Kuala.Lumpur
To : . All Missions
For Head of-Mission from 'IKSU I.
The Government has decided to officially announce publication_
of-New.Map defining boundary of Malaysia's continental
shelf on Friday, December 21, 1979. Announcement··will be made
ride gazette notification. A short press statement will al~o be
issued by Meh-teri Kemajuan Tanah and Kemaju~μ W~la~ah on s~~ day.
2. Above Map is made pursuant to our objective of having
a continental shelf boundary recognised by our neighbours a9 • well
as by the international community_. In drawing the Map, _a~count
was taken- of the following:-
(i) Malaysia's Continental Shelf Act, 1966
(ii) Aereements concluded between Malaysia and
Indonesia and Thailand on the boundaries
qf ~he continental shelf in the northern
_p~rt of the Straits of M~lacca, the Gulf
of Thailand and in the South China Sea.
( iii) Agre-ement concluded· during the colonial
rule of North Borneo.
(iv) The 1958 Ge~eya Convention on Continental
Shelf of whic~ Malaysia is _a party.
3. I wish to emphasise here that production of New Map
does not constitute n~w claim by Malaysia but merely·· indication
on specific map of our right to the continental shelf, the
boundary of which was drawn in conformity with above mentioned
laws.
4. New Hap horrnver, affects Thailand and Vietnam due to
o••rlapping claims in Gulf of Thailand{ Vietnam due ·to its: clam
- 2 -
i<i :-\\-~ :·~,•· ...... 1 .,•,-_ ➔
_ _'over Amboyn2. Cay which comes within our continental shelf;
Singapore due to our incorporating Pulau Batu Putih on which
exist Horseburgh Lighthouse and Pulau Pisang on which exist
another lighthouse presently administered by Singapore; Indonesia
due to our incorporating Pulau Litigan and Sipadan also claimea··
by Indonesi~ into our New Map; Brunei due to the yet unresolved
limit of Brunei I s own_ continental shelf within our continental
shelf; the Philippines due to concessions given by her to foreign
I • •
companies to explore and exploit marine areas coming within our
continental shelf and lastly China due to its maritime boundary
line cl~im made in 1975~
5• Goverrunent is fully aware of implications of publica~ion
of New Map, briefly indicated above.. However, the right to do so
is ours. -
6. It is definitely not our intention to bring about tension
in this.area by coming out with New Map at this time. Should any
of our neighbouring countries feel unhappy with New Map matter
could be brought up to.. us for our consideration. Malaysia on
her part would be prepared to resolve whatever probl~m that arise
through peaceful nciotiations.
7. In meantime, as a measure of our goodwill to our neighbours
all ASEAN Heads of Mir-mions will be called up individually tc Wis1:ia
Putra to be officially informed of New Map on the very dc17 of
announcement i.e. Dec~mber 21, 1979.
8. Malc.wakil Bangkok, Singapore, Jakarta, Manila and Peking
kindly tailor above ~stalking points if repeat if summoned by host
Government. Oth:..:r MiGsions just for information.
Distributions:
MFA
LOG.
CYPHER
FLOAT
TKSU I
FILE: SR(900)443-24 Vol. VII
{
,· I
-------- __ · ~-J ~:.:. _;?Y:~==-====~
( AHMAD FUZI B. RJ. ABDUL RAZAK)
ANNEXMR21
Talking Points Concerning Singapore by the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia,
21 December 1979
TAIKI'OO POINI'S
Singapore
Malaysia is a party to the 1958 Geneva Convention on
file Continental Shelf which we ratified in 1966. Pursuant tp
this we enacted the Continental Shelf Act in 1967 to declare
our·sovereignty over the natural resources in the sea-bed and
subsoil thereof of the continental shelf adjacent to our coast.
2. l'or Your Excellency's information, Malaysia has already
concluded a number of Agreeoonts on the delimitation of the con_.:..
tinental shelf bou.ndary with ·our neighbours. '!'here is now even
a Treaty concluded way back in 1927 defining the m.ari time boundary
between Johcre and Singapore in the Straits of Johore.
3. Our main objective ls to have a continental shelf
boundary recognised by our close neighbours as we11 as by the
international community. Towards this end we have decided to
come out wj.th a new map defining the outer limits of our continental
shelf boundary, taking j.nto account the provision laid
down in para 1. Article 6 of the 1958 Geneva Convention on the
Continental Shelf as well as .• where applicable• Agreements
already concluded with our neighbours.
4. It is mea&-ure of the goo«will esixting between our
two countries that we have taken the liberty of informing
Singapore in advance of our intention to announce the publication
of our new map on the continental shelf.,-~\.·\,-tv-- \i-t..,._;d ~
~:~ ~.J ~ON;."'..;, (r rHlr-.,, Z, c1 ~c.l, ~-z.-1, \!)iO
5. L-In drawing the continental shelf boundary between
Malaysia and Singapore, accou..11t was also taken of the fact that
the island called Pulau Batu Putih belongs to Malaysia thus
coming within Malaysict1D cont;nental shelf.J
ANNEXMR22
Extracts from John Hall-Jones & Christopher Hooi,
An Early Surveyor in Singapore. John Turnbull
Thomson in Singapore 1841-1853, Singapore:
National Museum Singapore, 1979,
pp. 11-19, 114-115
AN EARLY SURVEYOR
IN SINGAPORE
John Hall -Jones
Christopher Hooi
.......... t·· • _.::.._ _::::::a..-___ : _ __. -·~----__ -- "-':___~--
AN EARLY SURVEYOR
IN SINGAPORE
John TurnbuU Thomson in Singapore 1841-1853
:N<dti(L)nal Museum
Stitji1p.ore
John Hall -Jones
Christopher -Nlli ·
First published 1979 by
The National Museum
Stamford Road
Singapore 0617
Republic of Singapore
IS.BN1!1B--917~9
~ 1919 The National~*utn, Sibp]J,()te
John Hall-Jollts > . · · ·
·Christopher fft)oi ·
All rights reserved. No part of
Ulis book may be reproduced or
~nsmitted, in any form or by any
means, without the prior written
pennis..s. _i on of. the publisher
THE FIRST UGHTHOUSE IN THE EAST
From the Cape of Singapura l:yeth a cliffe :in _ YJ; ~ called
Pedra bianque (Branca), c,,r white Rook, where ,the :shippes
that come and goe to -and fr.om -China pass.e i~ ue.ttd.μiger.
Van Linscboten (1-583)
Thomson'~ greatest wo:rt in the East was pro1;>ably his construction
of the aorsburgli Jigh~ouse ;8t d~ ~Sterμ en~~CC--!P- ~-Siμgapo~e
Straits. The -lightbo:use. was. ,the ~-of its -kind_ in ~--~i~ro ~ ~nd
still. stands .as ~: fine. 1μonμni~t to Thotnspn~s ·s~ -~-an :-~lμt~ .a~d
engineer. Consideri~g *-at.it-took the burea~cy..Qf..the d~y_l3 y~r.s
to make . ~p its mind -about simply pr~ing ,-ly,id,). ~-7P..n>j~, ~~- j~
am~zing :that rbQinson ·was. a.J,,le to• cot(1pJ~--~¢. ·tlf«i~lf ··~--twj;Jjjg
only ·Jwo Y~ll- the ·ami~em.~ntf~-~en w.o~t~rtaJ.l.l.lcl~-to.Ja
consider that the lighthouse was- erected weil out t6'-sea;'!54tli}q~
(or 34 miles) off Sin:gapore, on-,tb~ exposed Ped~·•-Br.bi~-~-~~1~arid
anil -&$tern .A$ith VDI' ~~ }Jl32) .4f ·how '·lie 00suimounted ea~ chailenge
rea(Js alike. SOD)C $lga front tbe· past. · ·
'Dloinsotlfflt:~~-::.e~:::Bniti~ -(the natne,~m.eans •white rock,. -
white btcau~ -.or~ tbe-:~t a¢umulation of bird -droppings: :encrusted
onit) in J:841-when~~a:ilia1;0[briclcs.anc;I moI"tar4 but~s1ibseq~dy
concluded,:6aUheAigbtb~Jise!·woul<Nmve lQ ;be~~uilt--.»f«nmite~d:~flie
best hydtaulic.«mi~i;4iNt-was'to:endure~ P-wau. Ubim(ap iklan~btfq~~
east, of Smppo@·~m .isla~- at,.the mstem :m~ce-=of-~4,"fl\$)
provided a suitable quarry, but the granite would have to be transported
40 kilometres (or 25 miles) out to Pedra Branca by decked-lighters
escorted by gun-boats. Chinese labourers were set to work cutting out
the slabs of.granite which were ·all marked out in patterns and numbered
ready for assembly ·at their final destination. But when Thomson ·first
visited the quarry at Pu'lau Ubin he found :great discontent among the
workmen and that virtuaUy no rock -had been cut at a11. lt then evolved
that .the stone-cutlers -had not 0been ,paid by the contractor who was
"feathering 'his ··own -n~f with the money advanced to him for their
wages. Thomson sacked the contractor, taking over control himself,
and'.' with regular wages and trust restored, the men worked with a will.
While supervising this· aspect of the worlc;- Thomson made an unique
series of sketches of the sto11e-cuttets --at fabour~ ~~In -the working of
granite~~., wrote Thomson~ "&the stone.;cutter accommodates himself to
his wot~' and -~in -doing so -he places himself in many postures; -,sitting
on his heels or squattin& is the favourite position, and the one which
comes mo~ ,easy to· 'hint, but at times -11e sits on the floor, at others he
works with the.1eft hand under the thigh, sometimes he crouches so
as to -be-almost doubled lip."'.' T-he various postures arc -depicted in his
sketches. ·
No.~t lQver of the pompou~ ihomson reveals how another sailor~
Ca_ptai~ •William Scot~ :tile Harbollr-mast~r at Si11~pore., also fell foul
of Go,,crnor: -8uUerworth. Beloyed by many and t"CSpeCted by all for his
strict inte.gtjty,: ~p~in Scott -was used tp an informal rel~tionship with
Cqlonel j3.μ~10$ "s ,J>I:ed~~r: th~- ainia~Ie Sir George Bonham.
Wheneyer JJ.tere w~s a ~notty problem-to J>e ,solved, Captain _Scott WOllld
drop u11anpounced on_ the Govemcir and .. discuss. tbe :matter in.formally
ov~~ cipr. Sir G~rge also .a,ppreciateq_Captain Scoit·s company··and
his name was high on the guest iist :tt (i9vemm~nt He>use. where ·any
dinner was graced by his presence~
But times changed .and when ,Captain Scott ailed ,unannounced at
the new G<)vemois office :in his: everyday suit of clothes- (albeit clean
white) this ~s-ta:ken,as a !greatl)Crsonal affront. _..,,Butsuch ~r compound
of ignoraltce,,;and ,J)()mposity .. ~•. wro1e Thomson. -·~c._ould- not "be ,expected
to apprec~at~ ,1~11uine:_ worth.•• -The insult was mortal iaild ,withc,ut any
effort to-cidl:t'"or ,an explanation; :Captain Scott was dismissedfroin-office.
Although he felt the injustice acutely, recorded Thomson, captain Scott
was;,not one-to lodge-an appeal,·'•for--he·had a good.deal of:Sir Watter·in
him.~ {He was a first cousin to tbe .. .famo.us .poet and novelist, Sit W.aiter
Scott).
Thomson ~lso r~vealed -that· when the ·popμlar Sir George B<jnham
resignec;I as Governor, he was to have--been sμ~ed by Thmnas Church,
who as Resident ·G.>uilcillor w~s the logical chQice. •~~ut unfortunately
for Church it .~s reported· ~at be did not :give ,.good dinner. parties!"
So to ove;-come this ~tial qualification, ·Colonel B.utten.v.orth(without
any knowledge ·of the local lan~ges or ·problems) was appointed
from--the Cape of Good -Hope -instead. · Butterworth's ;good fortune was
ascnl>ed-lo Lord -Ellenborough who had -met him,-accidentaUy, at the
Olpe· and had been impressed by his taste .for good dinners and dress.
And so it ·was·that the rightf\il·,succ.essor, the-able Thomas·Chtirch, was
passed over for an outsider. But, fortunately·.for ihe Sett1emen~ Church
was kept on ~ adviser to the Governor~ _. _ _ Advanced to the -charge of, the Straits Setdem.ents,: ::GofonetButterworth
-:sheathed· his .sword ,for --a statCSQUUtis ~portfoliir"·,Bltf W::fdi(e,.:pf
uniforms· aild cer~ony, was ·deeply mgran\¢di,1 '1Go~inof ll(l~tdi
sat ·d311y in· state to ·receive the :adulations t>f ;~t~g&s~trint-l9
and 1"ro ·from all comers of the eatth,'n· wrote ThQinsc>4(;¥-I~\l:r~J
see -the superfine ·:blue frock-coat, so. -Unoomfortable1:o"WeatJ:if#~m~
for· the sake of example -to be ;governed; ·an<I-~we1l do· I -'fe®llect\~Jjiigtt
pomp and·circumstanre that ravished. the visifor's sight· as he:,pproaclied
the· por.tals ·ofthe .Q~vernor~s, offi¢e ! .These were_:guat.oed by" su.iij.p.tlioi$ly
clof.l,ted · .4td1~n~,. ~~g-,silv.er ·clμbs, ~-- wh~~doi>s we~ iion;s· ~~s~''
•~B~1t~Jh all bi$:wrqecf-:dignity ii m~ be.~dmitted th•t Butterworth
had -not ~e ~iie4 ,•~ti~~-~-~r th.e ·.m.ie _gentleman. · Thus he wa~
ooaisionatly -d~ived>fu ~~- position of bis ·ca1iers.. One day, a stout
person,:.:dressfa in:f~1FblackdlllVUlg··'8:massive pincbbedc :Chain 'hanging
to his waistoo.at -~·1>tesentedJhimse1f at· the Governor's :office;door.
His·cani·was~i~'~-the~foottnaii-; .it--was,a foreign on~~ and be was
instaiitJY: ·acirnitted~ ·:,.The·,_forejgner~ portty appearailoe c.olilinanded ·•t ::e:::'!T:::=~B~~~-=::t~~ clasped:~:s~nger1s1ialids, leading •him <&t.tbe satne'tiine 4.e-~$~\=i)'f
honour. The foreigner seemed nobly condescending, he -possessed a
charming humility., which appeared to the Governor the beau ideal of
greatness. The stranger's accent was interestingly foreign, and nothing
less than a German prince. or at least a baron, suggested itself."
uButterworth ,vas all smi1es and courtesy, and, with due ,attention
to the foreignet"s wotds, he waited the development of the distinguished
man"s imission. At length '"Sar' said h~ "J ain de great· magician vot
trabels a~I ober de varld to make trick dat :sutj>risede peoples, and I keep
two girls dat do dance -on de tightrope; and all de young men be fond to
see! At .this announcement Butterworth raised his· eyebrows ·and dilated
hiseyes!withan e~pressionofhorrormingled with surprise, and shuddered
involuntaril¥- The magician continuing-came to the object of bis missionthe
Govemor1s -patronage. But the· interview was now serious. Butterworth
·gavea,gasp; the magician ran for water; and the footmen rushed in.
The:poor,magician was instantly laid hold-of aild pushed out of the office."'
'"'Like ~ po~pous people of plebian origin, n continued Thomson,
·'Butter;worth-was very ,vain.'' He <lesired 10 be remembered .after he had
departed :this worJd • but unfortunately be. had 110 .children .to pass -the
image on .. So ,be aspired to have a f ull~Jength ·portrait painted ,ofhimself
and hungjn :the Town Hall. To this end ·he gave .many dinner balls and
suppers to Her M~jesty's subjects"' .until his ... darling NVish was ,attained.''
Small wonder-tbat,be :was known as Butter-,Pot the Great. ,(Unknown :to
him the:gteat ,man was 10 be immortalized ·in -the -town of Butterworth
in Malaysia).
Meanwhile, woric·was under w~y out 'Qil i>e4ra Branca. Tboinson had
designecra tower 19 metres (95 f~t)high with a light that would radiate
15 -nautical-miles out to sea~ Speci~ provisions had .to l,e ,made for the
pirates w~o infested i;hese waters. _ The whole_ lighthouse wo.uld be -0f
granite -so lllat it.could not be 'burnt down, arid it was-10 'he- stocked with
enough- -food and -water to withs~an<J a siege of -six .months. The '.lightkeeper~
s-:toom·would .be-at the :top of-the tower and: cou1d ·beentered ·ohly
by· a ladder :that w-;is to be ,drawn ,:up inside. By -April, -J 849,· Thomson
was estabiished on·ctbe:rock withhutsfor-his workmen and,a ~wigwam'
for his foreman;; .John ,Bennett,·,and 'himself. His-work force-:of-·46 ·t11en
consisted <>f Mab1ys;. a number of Indian .convicts, three -of whom had
'MurderJ-tattooed ,on-their .foreheags~ and Chinese nearly aU .of.'whom
14 THE FJRST,UGHTIIOUSE IN :nlE--£AST
THE FIRST LIGHTIIOUSE JN nlE EAST I 5
were inveterate opium smokers. Work under the same dishonest contractor
commenced slowly;, but after he was dismissed and regular w-a1ges
estab)ished the men worked with a will. U.Paying the workmen myself .....
wrote Thomson, he found them umore obedient and tractable whereas
before they had been fractions. Personal chastisement was never inflicted
and in fact never called for."" Prior to this, however" on one
occasion when the rascally contractor was lea~ing for the mainland,
the men rushed his boat and pelted it with stones. Thomson bravely
planted himself between the boat and the angry. me~ arresting several,
and halted the onslaught. He recorded the incident in a little sketch
which is now published for the first time.
But as ifthis riot was not enough to contend with, the crew of one of
the gunboats, the Nancy. now refused to work because of the stormy
\\1eather they were experiencing in escorting the lighters out to Pedra
Branca. As the Nanc_,1· came under Thomson'!s jurisdictio°" he detained
her at Pedra Branca until the steamer Hoogh(,· (Captain Stew-ut) arrived
and escorted her to Singapore, where the captain and crew were replaced.
Order restored; the work now proceeded rii~re StnQ9t11Jy .. ibe /¥k
was levelled for the foundations by bl~sti11g a'.n<i ·the 24 )J~ay 1859s
Queen Victori~ ~s birthday, was fixed for· the. )a-y1ilg of the 'foundailpn
stone. On the morning of that. day, a flotilla of ·1_hree vessels amved·otr
the rock with the Govemor!I Colonel Willia~ Jphn Buuerwo~ and
~tou~ge aboard. iheo.. wiih all pomp and ~irc11mstance\! tlte party
di$C111\>arkecl and inarchcd sol_emnly tn order to fbe top of the rode -for a
masonic _laying of the foundalion stone. Apart from a similar function
at the Raffles Lighthouse four years later .. there is no other record of such
a masonic ceremony at a light~o~se. Th.e Goyemor concluded with -a
request for the assem_blcd co01pany ht~ pr()Cecd "Yith the least practicable
delay" - perhaps indicatj~g bis ~nxiety lQ be dear of the· storm-prone
rock as quickly · as pQssibl~. ·
But Thomson was now stricken with illness· (be had already had one
trip to Singapore for this :reason) and availed himself of the opportunity
to return to-Singapore.to seek further medical a.dvice. -A fortnight later~
he ,,ras back on the rock feeli_ng better and. on the day of his return, he
was ,isited ·by His fiigbness the Temenggong of Johore. with 30 followers.
The Temenggong ;stayed with Thomson in bis house for two days~
"'employing his leisure in fishin& to which sport he is greatly devoted.""
But the rock was being subjected to a plague of -mosquitoes and the
Temenggon& ,having no mosquito netting, was forced -to depart. It was
only after he had left that Thomson found that the mosquitoes were
hatching in the water barrels. The water had been obtained from a
running stream containing eggs and as ,~hey ~matured into the adult phase
the mosquitoes uirtfested e:very nook ·arid ~ranny of the rock.'" The
mosquitoes might weU :have :been the -~u~ of Thomson ~s illness. which
was probab,y malaria, and ·which :MIS .io ·1ead to 'his :eventual departure
from the-East. ,Be this as 1it may, the conditions of work ori the exposed
rock were bad- en_o~gh for the 1~1 peopl½ Jet ~dont!-~ European. Within
the hour they ~.o:ul<I be bupit l>y the _.fi~rce h~t of the tropical sun then
soaked by the sudden sumati-as (squaUs) of this region.
As the tower besian to rise. Thomson was able to look down into the ·. ·.· ...... .- .. , . . ·, .· ... : . . .
surroundi11g sea .... Outing neap tici~ the water \\'as _perfectly .cl~r and
dispiaye<fin its bo~om numerous fish of variol,1s species playi~g about
the rocks and ~r,als. A ~utiful ,green'°species parti¢ua1rly att_racted our
attention from the splendour of its lints/· wrote Thomson. ··And the
gigantic :skate .call~~.cf bylhe sailors. the :devil fish :'(ptb~ably the ~nta or
dtvil ray, MobukuJiaboious) would sometimes approach dose to the rock,
and migbt occasionally' be npticed to t~p <>UL ·or-the· water and make a
Summerset (somersault) 20feet-above its.native element.'~ At ·other times~
Thomson obseryed- ,\Vdter~spou-ts out· -,in :the Straits and on ·at least two
occasions, 'these approached within 800 -nietres (or ha1f-a.;niiJe) of ·their
rock. One :be descriood as a •hissing _cJiu111nof vapour rising 300 metres
(or I~OOO (eetlout .of the $ea to e~1er ~ ~l~uthi,bove~ The column played
for :a~ut fivi ·.mimit~ thcil disap_p#red_ ,e.Jitire)y. He recorded ··:the
pheno111eqon_ .iii :one _of ·bis watercolour -sktiches.
By Octpber lB?Q~ the mpnsooil wa's ap.prQachilig 'and Thomson ~as
forced to ·tvac_uat~ lhe tock~ and it \VU -rioi. until March t 851 that work
could be r~utn~~ Qμ landing :.gain, ,jt was fotindlhat :fbe sbedS a·nd ,pier
and also a triaLgardeil had all ·been washed :away, ,but the--base of t,lte
Hgh_tho-use :and:lll~~eri;d :~to~~d it ·w~re:j1.1st as,they·'.h~d left:,them. The
finai .sta:gC$_pq,,,,~pi-oc~~ rapi~ly~~nd~ by.:J4Jun~; the top'-of-the tower
was laid clUP:·nt~~t: :ready tp recei_\~:thc;_.fantem~ ·on 8 July, ~be Hon
Thomas Cb~tc~_. l)le ~~-d~nt C<,μ~cjllor ~t- Sb1gapore. -,with whom
Thomas -~ed -to have developed,,~ e~cell~nt. working retationshi_p,
came out to inspect the building and departed well pleased. -By August.
the lante~ which had been designed by Alan Stc\1enson, Engineer to the
Northern ·Lighthouse Board in Great .Britain (and an uncle of Robert
Louis Ste"enson the author), arrived in Singapore and was -immediately
taken out to •Pedra Branca -by lighter~ And we can appreciate Thomson "s
mounting excitment as he opened each package and assembled the pieces.
The copper dome was hoisted up from outside with a fearless workman
riding on top and staving it off the tower with a pole. · By 21 -September; the
lantern was instaJled and ready for ligbting; :and; on 27 September"
Governor-Butterworth came out to inspe;ct the completed work. Thomson
returned · w.ith the Governor in the Hoogl,(11 and we can imagine .his
feeling of quiet satisfaction as he watched ~his" tower lighting up the sea
for the firsl time. The effect was brilliant at a distance of 800 metres( or
half-a-mile) ~nd the ,light could still be ~ at a distance of 15 nautical
miles where it finally fa_ded below the horizon. The- Horsburgh . Lighthouse
was:Jitup officiallyfa·October~ 1851, and bas-continued to function
(with .the installation of modem equipment).to this. day.
On his survey ofthe off-shore islands~ the0e<lible,bird-;11ests:attracted
llis attention. A"S "his boat passed -beneath, the .idiffs of i'ioman island:
the pilot pointed to the narrow crevices ·where ·oply·t,he·swallows oould
enter. .Man:os access to the .nests, the pilot explained;. w_as,bydiving under
the \\iaterto enter a huge subterranean cavern.-: But-to do so was toin\:ite
death by Ha 1ipirit, most destructive and a _fis~- most ·voracious}'! No
doubt. ,a- natural desire to :protect this !Special· delicacy had ;5omething
to do with the origin of the 0legend.
Pbcy
In· his account of the .Horsburgh Lightho~ TI1omson gives .a -long
list of the-acts of piracy fa and about the Singapore Straits from :I 846-50.
By 1848, -the pirates 0had ·become so bold that Singapore Island was ·being
used -as the •headquattcrs for at least two pirate squadrons. One was
based in the:.mangrove--:Shaded rivers in the Old ·-Straits (Selat Johor) at
the back of--the island, while,another gang of ,udaring and· reckless ·men""
actually sailed from Sing~porc itself. Four \ressels -·-with ,J 00 Chinese
piratc.5 aboard ,vere cleated :out at the ptoper-:officc ,on the pretence-of
collecting some -gutta percha from the islands in the Straits~ -but -ilte~
promptly altered -course .for- the ooast of Malaya~ They attackeci :severol
v~ls.but-each fought ·back and the pirates returned to·Siogapore -licking
their- wounds. - only ·to take -it out .on the- local ·population. A large
detadiment .. of·-the gang, about 40-or j(),in number., attacked :a house in
·K.ampong'. Glam, .on the ~northern outskirts ,of the,town. The door was
forced 1).peil 'With .a· battering. ram, wounding several<Of -the ~inmates; and
the gang=proeeeded;to. plunder -the ho.use~ B;ilt what was the Government
doing about- such outrages .-and piracy -iμ~·general ?, V"Ccy little, it seems,
until Captain Samuel Gongalton arrived oil;~the scene.-
•0esctjbed ·by,0Thomsoti :as "a man of small -stature, but compact and
activel',;Congaltim,h_ad :been .btought:·up in the·rough.-.school of the Sunderland:.~
~de. "•Early 911; in· ari'·encounter with .a gang: of pirates in
the Mti~--ffJvet-, :-he- ;proved :that bis sword was wielded by a firm and
d~tto-iband. ~~- Latet~-lll command -0f the-H~c. Diana and -then.the H.C.
Hoogh/y..~,-he ;was to ·have many a skiimish with: pirate, gangs, .eventually
cl~~~-offdie-•seas. At·times; bewas·engaged . as consort to one
of,11-:~jesty~~ships of-war .where,his· mowleμge of the habits of the
pirates~was·.,invaJuabJe. A.s· -.such.,. he ;-was. -invariably· employed· in ,•~the
more'.dangerous;.-atid~arduous duties d~·boat ·expeditions up the rivers.
Inrsucb. services-he bad w·· mn !_the risk ·.of being shot:by ·hidden enemies
concealed ~1behind::!mangrove;·bushes. "·
'fb'onison sailed -with (Jongalton: in· the H.c~ Diiltta :for .his survey of
the .Straits, and in,'.a ~fitti~g- tribute-to. the :StUrdy little captain .be ,named
Congalton1s.·Garr, (island)-after him '(and ·-also-Diana 'Cove and·Diana
Shoal af~r ;bis ship)~· Thomson ·also ·revealed. the -true- ·story ·of H.M;S.
Wolf's encounter with pirates, as vouched :to, him by Congalton~ On 18
May,- ·'18-38~ H.M.S. Wo/f(captain Edward Stanley) was cruising:on the
east co~st of the ·,Malay Peninsula when ·she came upon a Chinese Jurik
d~~~ijlg i~lf against -an attack by ·six ·pirate ,prows. Unfortunately,
the~;-•---n~-a::breath of wind to cany the-Britishcman.;of-war,to-the
fC$CUe,~:--·~ptain.:; Stanley orden,d the little -paddle-steaniet-:JJiana
060 -t~-.rY~ni1tac.k. As -he ,came· up to each· pirate ';j>tow,. •<£ongalton
stoppi,d·,:tb~.Diiug,.t~\paddles and raked,-it with ;a,terrible. sweep:of:gunfire.
ij;1Jjg¥~~~]
18 THE'-FlltST -UGH'J'HOUSE IN THE~E.A
E FIRST UGHTIIOUSE IN ~E EAST 19
Thomson. Captain Stanley, as commander of the expedition~ was presented
with a sword valued at a I 00 guineas and honoured with a public
dinner, but Congalton was not even thanked. Some years later~ after
Congalton had died, his friends in Singapore tried to rectify the injustice
by hanging his portrait in the Institution. But the gesture met with th~_
disapproval of the Governor, Colonel William Butte.rworth, as Thomson
revealed. ·•1 happened to call on his honour shortly after my friend"s
portrait had been hung in the Institution,n he wrote ·•and he was very
cross and ill-humoured about it."' Indeed .. Thomson left with the
suspicion that the portrait might well be removed as •·that high functiona,
y.. of such small mind, intended the same honour for himself ....
Butter-Pot the Great
When I first put this uniform on,
1 said as I looked in the glass~
lt"s one in a million that any civilian
My figure and form will surpass.
Plate 41 A painting of the Horsburgh Lighthouse by J T Thomson in
1852, after the lighthouse was completed in 1851. The plans
for the lighthouse and the estimates for erecting it were
drawn by J T Thomson in November, 1844. Construction of
the lighthouse began in earnest in December, 1847. The
foundation for it was laid by the Brethren of the Lodge
'"Zetland in the East", on the instruction of the Governor,
Colonel William John Butterworth, on 24 May, 1850. When
the lighthouse was completed in 1851, a plaque bearing the
114 NOTES ON THE PLATES
NOTES ON THE PLATES 1 I 5
following inscription was installed in the Visitor's Room of
the lighthouse:
Pharos Ego
Cui nomen praebuit
Horsburgh Hydrographus
In maribus Indo Sinicis praeter omnes proeclarus
Angliae Mercatorum nisi imprimus indole
Ex imperii opibus Anglo lndici deniqμe constructa
Saluti nautarum insignis viri memorjae
Consulo
A~ ~M9CCLI
W .J. Butterworth,. C.B.,
Prov: Ma lace. Proef.
A. D. 1851
The Horsburgh Lighthouse
is raised by the British enterprise of British Merchants,.
and by the liberal aid of the East India Company,
to lessen the dangers of navigation,
and likewise to hand down,
so long as it shall last,
in the scene of his useful labours,
The Memory of the Great Hydrographer
whose name it bears
Col. W .J. Butterworth, C.B.~
Governor in the Straits of Malacca.
J.T. Thomson,
Architect.
ANNEXMR23
Loose Minute by Mr. Ahmad Fuzi B. Hj. Abdul
Razak, Principal Assistant Secretary (Political),
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia,
21 January 1980
LOOSE MINUTE
SR(900)443-24 Vol.VII
Mr. Frederick Tan Im Kian, Counsellor, Singapore High_
Commission called on me at 3.00 p.m., on Tuesday, 8th January, .
1980.
2. Among other things, Frederick Tan raised the question
of the publication of Malaysia's Peta Baru. He stated that
Singapore's initial reaction to the matter was one of alarm.
Singapore views it as a serious matter as it affects its
immediate national interest. A meeting had been.called among
the relevant Ministries to study the Peta Baru including its
implications on Singapore in greater detail. A11 aspects
including particularly the legal aspect of the case would be
made so as to ascertain the actual legal position with regard
to the ownership of Pulau Batu Putih.
Frederick Tan also stated that Pulau Batu Putih is
important for Singapore from the point of view of international
navigation. At present Singapore even has control over the airspace
over the island (FIR).
4. During the Tripartite SCH held in Kuala Lumpur from
15 - 16 January 1980, the subject was again raised by a member
of the Singapore delegation, Hr. Chao Hick Tin, Senior Federal
Counsel of Singapore. He informed me and Encik Za.karia Yatim
of Attorney-General's Chambers at separate occasions the following:-
i) Malaysia should at least discuss the matter
first with Sin3apore before issuing the Peta
Baru. ~ other words what Malaysia had done
was more or less presenting Singapore with a
fait accompli.
ii) Singapore do not have all the relevant
documents with regard to the ownership of
Pulau Ba tu Putiho This is contrary to our
previous assumption that all these documents
are in the hands of Singapore. This infonnation
was conveyed to Encik Zak.aria purely on t1'.lr&c·,
personal basis.
- 2 -
iii) He would be happy if Encik Zak.aria could
furnish-him with the necessary documents
that are now in Malaysia's possession •
. iv) Singapore would have to come up with an
official response to Malaysia's publication
of the Peta Baru.
v) Singapore hoped that the conflict between
the two countries on this issue would not
be brought out in the open and wou1d prefer
to resolve the matter q~itely.
5. Encik Zakaria merely informed him that the decision to
publish the Peta Baru was made at. the highest political level.
i.e. the Cabinet and that Malaysia would be prepared to consider
Singapore's problems at the.most opportune time possible.
6. Fol.l.owing-the above developnents Encik Zakaria and I
agreed that immediate action should be ~en_on our pa.rt to
prepare ourselves in the event that we have to meet with Singapore
sooner than we 1Jxpect to resolve the problem. Towards this end
Encik Zakaria would try to make a trip to Johore Bharu soonest·
possible to obtain-whatever.documents he could get in the relevant
Departments in itohore Bharu
~~---'
( AHMAD FUZI B, ~ Ai~uiRAZAK -)
21st January, 1980
ANNEXMR24
Photographs of Pulau Pisang taken on 4 April 2003,
Source: Land Office of Pontian, Johor, Malaysia
PULAU PISANG
1
HUTS ON PULAU PISANG
2
ORCHARD ON PULAU PISANG
3
ORCHARD ON PULAU PISANG
4
OLD GRAVES ON PULAU PISANG
5
THE SITE OF WHERE A MOSQUE USED TO BE
6
JETTY LEADING TO THE LIGHTHOUSE
7
ROAD FROM THE JETTY TO THE LIGHTHOUSE
8
STORE BELONGING TO SINGAPORE AUTHORITIES
9
ANNEXMR25
Major Masonic Events in South East Asia in the past
150 Years, from
http://web.singnet.eom.sg/---masonry/eventsea.htm
Freemasonry in South East Asis: Masonic Events in SEA Page I of 3
1765
1772
1786
1791
1793
1796
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1816
1819
1822
1824
1825
1826
1845
1846
1848
1849
1850
1854
1856
1858
1862
1863
1867
1871
1873
Major Masonic Events in South East Asia in
the past 150 years
- Lodge No. 1 Bencoolen warranted.
- 10 February, Marlborough Lodge warranted.
- Founding of Penang.
- Marlborough Lodge renamed "Rising Sun".
- John Macdonald (son of Flora Macdonald the Jacobite heroine) first Provincial
Grand Master.
- Humanity & Industry Fort Marlborough warranted.
• 6 September, Lodge Neptune, Penang warranted.
- First meeting of Lodge Neptune, Penang.
- Last meeting of Lodge Neptune, Penang.
- Stamford Raffles initiated Lodge Virtutis et Artis Amici, Java.
- Lodge No. 1 Bencoolen erased.
- Humanity and Industry Fort Marlborough erased.
- 5 July, Stamford Raffles raised Lodge de Vriendschap Soerabaya.
- 25 April, Stamford Raffles perfected Chapter La Vertueuse Batavia.
- Lodge Neptune, Penang erased.
- 28 January, Stamford Raffles arrived off Singapore.
- 6 February, Founding of Singapore.
- Lodge Humanity with Courage warranted in Penang.
- Bencoolen handed over to the Dutch by Treaty.
- Lodge Neptune, Penang revived.
- Humanity merged with Neptune.
- 26 February, Lodge Zetland No. 748, Singapore warranted.
- 8 December, First meeting of Lodge Zetland No. 748.
- 15 December, 1st initiate W. J. Napier.
- 15 December, 2nd initiate W. H. Read
- Lodge Zetland renamed "Lodge Zetland in the East".
- Lodge Neptune Penang dormant
- Bro. James Brooke (Rajah Brooke) visited Lodge Zetland in the East.
• Sir James Brooke joined Lodge Zetland in the East.
- 25 August, Hon. Capt. H. Keppel (Admiral) initiated in Lodge Zetland in the East.
- 24 May, W. M. of Zetland M. F. Davidson laid the foundation stone of Horsburgh
Li ht House at the re uest of the Governor of the Colon .
- 3 August, Lodge Neptune Penang rewarranted.
- 24 May, Acting W. M. of Zetland W. H. Read laid the foundation stone of Raffles
Lighthouse at the Governor's request.
- Masonic Hall Esplanade, Singapore, opened.
- 3 April, Lodge Fidelity, Singapore, warranted.
- 5 August, Lodge Fidelity, Singapore, consecrated.
- 4 December, District Grand Lodge constituted.
-4 December, W. H. Read installed as D.G.M
- 4 June, Lodge Neptune Penang erased.
- 4 June, Sun Lodge erased.
- Lodge Zetland in the East No. 748 renumbered "Lodge Zetland in the East No.
508".
- Fidelity united with Lodge Zetland in the East.
- 24 June, Lodge St. George No. 1152 consecrated
- IO March, Masonic Hall, Kampong Glam, consecrated.
- 29 March, Clyde Terrace Market Corner Stone laid with Masonic honours.
Freemasonry in South East Asis: Masonic Events in SEA
1875 - 4 December, Royal Prince of Wales Lodge No. 1555 consecrated.
1878 - 27 December, First Masonic Temple built and consecrated in Penang.
1879 - 14 April, Foundation stone ofMasonic Hall, Coleman Street laid.
- 27 December, Freemasons' Hall, Coleman Street consecrated.
1885 - 13 August, Lodge Elupoa, North Borneo warranted.
- 28 December, Colonel Samuel Dunlop installed as D.G.M.
1888 - 2 January, Elupora No. 2106 never constituted. Erased.
- 14 April, Perak Jubilee Lodge No. 2225 consecrated.
- 2 July, Masonic Club, Singapore inaugurated.
1889 - 21 October, Read Lodge, Kuala Lumpur consecrated.
- November, Dunlop Masonic Benevolent Society inaugurated.
- 28 November, Lodge Shadwell Clerke, Penang warranted.
1890 - 2 May, Shadwell Clerke No. 2336 consecrated.
- 3 October, District Grand Lodge elected to membership ofQ.C.C.C.
1891 - I May, Borneo Lodge of Harmony No. 2403 warranted.
- 13 August, Sir Charles Warren G.C.M.G. installed as D.G.M.
1893 - 3 March, Borneo Lodge No. 2403 constituted.
- 6 November, Foundation stone of Masonic Building in Kuala Lumpur laid.
1894 - 15 October, Read Masonic Temple, K.L. consecrated.
1895 - Bro. Pavitt installed W.M. ofHarmony in Lodge St. George, Singapore.
- 13 June, Sir Charles Mitchell installed as D.G.M.
1896 - Bro. Raffles Flint (nephew of Sir Stamford Raffles) installed as W.M. of Borneo
Lodge of Harmony in Lodge Zetland in the East.
1899 - 19 May, Shadwell Clerke warrant returned.
- 19 May, Borneo Lodge ofHarmonyNo. 2403 erased.
- 7 December, Sir Charles Mitchell D.G.M. died in Singapore.
1902 - 30 January, Zetland held special meeting to welcome Bro. Admiral Sir. H. Keppel.
- 29 September, Lodge St. Michael No. 2933 consecrated.
1903 - 20 February, W.J. Napier installed as D.G.M.
- 16 July, Eastern Gate Lodge No. 2970 consecrated
1906 - 17 May, Founding of Scottish Freemasonry- Scotia No. 1003.
- 21 August, District Grand Chapter constituted.
1907 - 16 April, Kinta Lodge No. 3212, Ipoh, consecrated
1909 -10 May, Death ofW.H. Read C.M.G., P.D.G.M.
- 20 May, Jubilee of District Grand Lodge.
- 24 June, First issue of Pentagram published.
- 9 October, Klang Lodge No. 3369, K.L. consecrated.
1910 -25 February, F.M. Elliot instaJied as D.G.M.
-4 March, Napier Lodge No. 3418 consecrated. 1912
- 6 January, Negri Sembilan Lodge No. 3552, Seramban, consecrated.
- 7 December, Lodge Elliot No. 3557, Malacca, consecrated.
1913 - 6 September, Makepeace Lodge No. 3674, K.L. consecrated. 1914
- 1 August, commencement of First World War.
1915 - 15 February, Mutiny oflndian Troops in Singapore. Murder ofD.G. Secretary.
1916 - 20 October, District Grand Lodge of the Middle East, Scottish. 1918.
- 2 August, Lodge Kedah No. 3830 Sungai Petani consecrated.
- 11 November, Cessation of First World War (Armistice Day)
1919 - 26 July, Johore Royal Lodge No. 3946 consecrated.
1920 - 28 May, W.F. Nutt installed as D.G.M.
1922 - 17 December, Foundation stone ofSeramban Masonic Temple laid by D.G.M.
1923 - 9 January,Foundation stone ofTeluk Anson Masonic Temple laid.
- 31 March, Sir Neil Malcolm installed as D.G.M.
1924 - 8 November, P.G. Sprule installed as D.G.M.
1929 - 15 November, Consecration of Penang Masonic Temple by D.G.M.
- 14 December, Foundation stone of Johore Royal Temple laid by D.G.M.
1931 - 10 October, Foundation stone of Tiger Lane Temple, lpoh laid by D.G.M.
Page 2 of3
Freemasonry in South East Asis: Masonic Events in SEA
1932 - 6 February, Johore Utara Lodge No. 5324 consecrated.
1933 - 25 March, Sir George Trimmer installed as D.G.M.
1938 -28 May, W.H.W Gubbins installed as D.G.M.
1939 - 3 September, Second World War commenced.
1941 - Last pre-war Pentagram published (Vol. XXXI).
1942 - 12 February, Last Masonic meeting held by Lodge Zetland in the East.
- 15 February, Fall of Singapore.
1945 -15 August, End of Second World War.
- 12 September, Formal surrender of Japanese troops in Singapore.
- December, Centenary of Lodge Zetland in the East.
-15 September, First Masonic meeting held in Singapore after the Second World
War by Lodge St. Michael.
1947 -25 January, Baldwyn Lowick installed as D.G.M.
- First post war Pentagram published (War Years' Edition Vol. XXXII).
1948 - 29 May, Read Temple re-dedicated.
1951 - 26 January, Lodge Kinabalu No. 7047, K.K., consecrated.
- 17 March, Baldwyn Lowick Lodge No. 7004, K.L. consecrated.
1952 - 28 June, Lodge Singapore No. 7178, consecrated.
1954 - 5 June, Founding oflrish Freemasonry in South East Asia - St. Patrick No. 765.
- 25 September, E.G. Holiday installed as D.G.M.
1956 -2 May, Stamford Raffles Lodge No. 7444 consecrated.
1957 - 8 August, Horsburgh Lodge No. 7533 consecrated.
- 2 November, Elupora Lodge No. 7545, Sandakan, consecrated.
1958 - 7 December, Centenary of the District Grand Lodge.
1959 - 27 May, Centenary Lodge No. 7629 consecrated.
1960 -20 February, Sentosa Lodge No. 7661, K.L., consecrated.
1963 - 31 August, Malaysia declared independence.
1964 - 31 October, Beaufort Lodge No. 7989, K.K., consecrated.
- 28 November, Edward Holiday Lodge No. 7997, K.L., consecrated.
1965 - 9 August, Republic of Singapore formed.
1966 - 15 January, Leslie Rayner installed as D.G.M.
1967 - 1 July, Mustapa bin Osman installed as D.G.M.
1973 - 10 February, Fidelity Lodge No. 8469, K.L., consecrated.
1974 - 16 February, Berakas Lodge No. 8560, B.S.B., consecrated.
- 9 November, J.W.Y. Eu installed as D.G.M.
1978 -14 December, Read Temple, DamansaraRoad evacuated because of city
development.
1994 -9 November, J.W.Y. Eu's 20th Anniversary as D.G.M.
- 3 December, Launch of J.W.Y. Eu Foundation.
- 5 December, J.W.Y. Eu Lodge No. 9572 consecrated.
1995 - 8 March, Berakas Lodge No. 8560 erased.
- 8 December, Sesquicentenary celebration held.
© W.Bro. E. F. Mullan
Return to the Homepage of Freemasonry in the Eastern Archipelago.
Page 3 of3
R/14/2005
ANNEXMR26
"Report in respect of the forensic examination of
the letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor of Prince
of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to G. A.
Bushby {Secretary to the Government of India)
dated 26 August 1846", prepared by Mr. Wong Kong
Yong, Document Examiner, Forensic Division,
Department of Chemistry, Malaysia,
21 September 2005
JABATAN KIMIA MALAYSIA
(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MALAYSIA)
Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tel: 03-79853000 Fax: 03-79556764
REPORT
Report in respect of the forensic examination
of the letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor
of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846
Prepared by: Wong Kong Yong
Document Examiner
Forensic Division
Department of Chemistry
Malaysia.
JABATAN KIMIA MALAYSIA
(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MALAYSIA)
Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tel: 03-79853000 Fax: 03-79556764
Date: 21st September 2005
This report is in respect of the examination of four sets of photocopied documents
received from the Attorney General's Chambers on 5th and 11 th August 2005.
These four sets of photocopied documents were identified as follows:
1. FILE 1 - Letter from W.J. Buttetworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846, signed W.J.
Buttetworth, and its enclosures; source: National Archives of India
comprising 33 pages (including the cover page).
2. FILE 2 - Letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846, without signature;
source: Strait Settlements Factory Records comprising 4 pages.
3. FILE 3 - Letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846, without signature;
source: British Library comprising 5 pages.
4. Counter-Memorial of Singapore comprising 16 pages (excluding the title
page).
[Vol. 2 Annex 12 and pages 103-105 of the Counter-Memorial of Singapore]
For referencing convenience, the pages of all the above documents were marked in
ascending order starting from 1 for each set and hereafter the said documents shall be referred
to as simply File 1, File 2, File 3 and Counter-Memorial of Singapore. The above documents
are annexed as File 1, File 2, File 3 and Counter-Memorial of Singapore respectively to this
Report.
Summary of Findings:-
1. The handwriting characteristics of File 1 and File 2 were similar to each other and
therefore it can be concluded that the two documents were written by the same writer.
[See Appendix 1]
2. File 3 which showed different handwriting characteristics from File 1 and File 2, was
written by a different person.
[See Appendix 2]
w
cmerik~3 n c,kun~cn .
Ja0at.in Kimia 1~a\ ays1 :i
JABATAN KIMIA MALAYSIA
(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MALAYSIA)
Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tel: 03-79853000 Fax: 03-79556764
-2-
3. There was significant variation in the handwriting characteristics shown by the writer
in respect of the letters "s"/ "r" and "se"/ "re" in File 1. There were nine variants of the
character "r" and three variants of the character "s" of which one from each set had a
common form i.e. the form shown in the questioned word ("case"/ "care" on page 3 of
File 1).
[See Appendix 3]
4. The writer had shown a tendency to write "s" and "r" in a similar style such that the
words had to be read in the right context to register the correct spelling.
5. More specifically, numerous words in File 1 having "s" / "se" I "ase", similar in form
to the corresponding characters in the questioned word were identified which showed
that the "s", "se" or "ase" can be misconstrued as a "r", "re" or "are" respectively if
not taken in the right context.
[See Appendices 4, 5 and 6]
6. 24% of the words (i.e. 28 out of 119) having "se" throughout File 1 can be
misconstrued as "re", as described in paragraph 5 above.
[See Appendix 7]
7. Likewise 62% of the words (i.e. 5 out of 8) having "ase" in File 1 can be misconstrued
as "are".
[See Appendix 8]
8. The word "case" occurred a total of 4 times elsewhere in File 1 and three of them
showed a great degree of similarity in style/form, spacing and line quality to the
questioned word.
[See Appendix 9]
9. The word "base" occurring twice in File 1 was also similar in style / form, spacing
and line quality to the questioned word.
[See Appendix 10]
10. File 2 showed similar variations as described above and this is expected, coming from
the same writer. There were a total of 13 words with the letters "se" of which 8 (i.e.
61 %) were written in the form shown in the questioned word of File 1. However, no
word was found with the letters "ase" in File 2.
[See Appendices 7 and 11]
WONG KONG YONG
Pemeriksa Dokumen
Jabatan Kimia Malaysia
JABATAN KIMIA MALAYSIA
(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MALAYSIA)
Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tel: 03-79853000 Fax: 03-79556764
• 3 -
11. A discrepancy was observed between the phrase bearing the questioned word in Fi le 1
and the corresponding phrase in File 2. The File 1 phrase read as "for the case ( or
"care") of Light Houses" while the File 2 phrase read as "for the care ( or "case") of a
Light House,,. In addition in the File 2 phrase the spaces between the "a" and its
adjacent words, Hof' and "Light", appeared to be unusually smal1.
[See Appendix 12)
Comments on the Singapore Counter-Memorial:
I. Annex 12 of Singapore Counter-Memorial had only made reference to 3 pages (out of
33 pages) of File I and therefore did not take into account the variations described in
paragraphs 3 to 9 (under "Summary of Findings'').
2. Particular attention should have been given to the fonn of the word "case", in File l,
which was very similar on 3 out of 4 instances to the questioned word. Therefore, it
would be wrong to assume that the questioned word should read as "care" and not
"case" (see also paragraph 8 under "Summary of Findings").
[See Appendix 9)
3. Superimposition of the words "case" in File I (pages 16, 26 and 27) over the
questioned word (page 3) showed close agreement indicating that the questioned word
could read as "case" and not "care".
[See Appendix 13 ]
Conclusion:
Based on the above observations, the questioned word would more likely read as "case"
rather than "care".
emeriksa Dokumcn
Jaoatan Kimia Malaysia
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JABATAN KIMIA MALAYSIA
(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MALAYSIA)
Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tel: 03-79853000 Fax: 03-79556764
List of Appendices
Appendix 1 : Chart showing handwriting similarities between File I and File 2.
Appendix 2 : Chart showing handwriting differences between File I and File 3.
Appendix 3 : Chart showing the different forms of "s" and "r" in File 1.
Appendix 4: Words in File 1 bearing letter "s" written like "r".
Appendix 5: Words in File 1 bearing letters "se" written like "re".
Appendix 6 : Words in File 1 bearing letters "ase" and "are".
Appendix 7 : Frequency table showing variation of letters "se" in File 1 and File 2.
Appendix 8 : Frequency table showing variation of letters "ase" and "are" in File 1.
Appendix 9: Chart showing questioned word "case"/ "care" and specimen words
"case" from File 1.
Appendix 10 : Word bearing letters "base" from File 1.
Appendix 11 : Words in File 2 bearing letters "se" written like "re".
Appendix 12: Chart showing discrepancy between phrase in File I bearing questioned
word and corresponding phrase in File 2.
Appendix 13: Superimposition of the questioned word "case"/ "care" and specimen
words "case" from File 1.
Chart showing handwriting similarities
between File 1 and File 2
Appendix 1
FILE 1 FILE 2
Page 2, Line No. 4 Page 4, Line No. 16
~-;L?.:. /4,( ~~:;;·
.. \ . .. , ~ / r::=::-,_ ,-... . .
Page 2, Line No. 21 Page 2, Line No. 21
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Page 3, Line No. 5 Page 20, Line No. 10 Page 2, Line No. 14
/" /
-~ :'7 . - .
. I f< .•"?-::.;•
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Page 2, Line No. 14 Page 1, Line No. 16 Page 1, Line No
Page 2, Line No. 16 Page 1, Line No. 20
. . . ;/
-~-.--·I..:..
Page 3, Lirie No. 26 Page 3, Line No. 13
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Page 19, Line No. 19 Page 3, Line No. 6
r:i.f.·. :-~:·- --~; -;
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Page 3, Line No. 28 Page 3, Line No. 15
FilE 1 ·
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Page 3, Ure N:,. 21 Page al, lire N:,. 4
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Page a), Lire N:,. 8
Page a), lire It>. 9
Page 12, Lire It>. 7
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· Page 3, lire tb. 21
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Page 3, lire It>. 8
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Page 3, Lire It>. 15
Page 3, Ure N:,. 10
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Page 1, Lire t-b. 14
FilE 1 FILE 2
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~e 2, lire th. 16
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Page 4, lire th. 2 Iage 3, lire tb. 18
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·Page 3, lire tb. 26 Page 3, Li.re tb. 13
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!age 2, lire tb. 5 Page 1, Li.re N:>. 8
3/5
FilE 1
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Page 4, ~ .l\b. 6
Page 2, lire-1.\b. 17
Page 2, Lire ).\b. 11
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Page 2, Lire ).\b. 11
Page 10, lire ).\b. 7
Page 2, Lire ).\b. 9
Page 24, Lire 00. 9
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Page 1, Lire N:,. 14
Page 1, lire N:>. 14
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Page 1, lire N:>. 18
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Page 1, Lire N:,. a)
.
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R3ge 2, lire N:>. a)
. p-,-,.. ~ J-,,,, t . . . . . . .....:.:.
Comparing the handwriting in File 1 and File 2
Similarities observed were as follows:-
1. Form of words
2. Alignment
3. Sequence of stroke
4. Style of writing
5. connecting stroke
No significant differences were observed.
Conclusion:
File 1 and File 2 were written by the same writer.
5/5
Chart showing handwriting differences
between File 1 and File 3.
Appendix 2
FilE 1
Page 2, lire tb. 21.
~~>r:t " = CO\ /_ .:ar--~~. ,'P.; . / !i -•"f . . ·- .. .
Page 3, Llre tb. 5
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~e 2, Lire tb. 16
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. Page 3, Llre tb. 26
Page 19, Llre N:>. 19 7-fc'i
Page 3, Lire th. 28
FilE 3
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Page 1, Lire tb. 14
.
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Page 2, Llre tb. 9
Page 1, Lire tb. 13
Page 1, Lire N:>. 15
Page 3, Lire tb. 7
Page 3, ~ tb. 1
Page 3, Ure tb. 9
Comparing the handwriting in File 1 and File 3
Differences observed were as follows:-
1. Form of words
2. Alignment
3. Sequence of stroke
4. Style of writing
5. connecting stroke
6. Speed of writing
No significant similarities were observed.
Conclusion:
File 1 and File 3 were written by different person.
2/2
Chart snowing the different forms of
"s" and "r" in File 1.
File: 1
Page: 3
lire l'b: 1
Wxd: 'd::i.s:ouecy'
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Page: 14
lire l'b: 9
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Page: 31
lire l'b: 12
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---
'13/13. ;f.:'•
Words ln File 1 bearing letters "se"
written like ''re''
Appendix 5
..
Words bearing letters 'ase'
File 1
'ase' page 16 line 25
'ase' page 21 line 27
:• ' ,,,/,,\;-:-?-' ·.- . ',
'ase' page 24 line 15
'ase' page 26 line 25
.,
i~~-- :.·_
'ase' page 26 line 18 'ase' page 27 line 10
4
'se' page 27 line 6
'ase' page 27 line 24
1/3
Words bearing letters 'are'
File 1
r
1 I. ',
'are' page 11 line 20 'are' page 14 line 21
,,,
'are' page 14 line 13
'are' page 16 line 12
'are' page 16 line 31
'are' page 17 line 7
'are' page 17 line 9
'are' page 17 line 8
2/3
) ,,,
'are' page 17 line 15 'are' page 24 line 15
'are' page 24 line 16
'are' page 26 line 23
'are' page 27 line 27
3/3
Word in File 1 bearing letters ''ase" and
"are" .
Appendix 6
Frequency of words having "se"
File 1 File 2
Form of 's'
in "se"
No. of words % No. of words %
1. ,;;I' 72 60.50 5 38.46
2. ,<.., 28 23.53 8 61.54
3. < 19 15.97 0 0.00
~ 119 100.00 13 100.00
0
1/1
...
Appendix 7
Frequency table showing variation of letters
"se" in File 1 and File 2 .
Frequency of words having "ase"
Form of 's' File 1
No. of words %
1.
~ 3 37.50
2. --L 5 62.50
3.
~ 0 0.00
~0 8
100.00
Note:
1. List of words found in File 1 :-
1) Case* (pg 16, line 25)
2) Increased (pg 21, line 27)
3) Deceased (pg 24, line 15)
4) Case* (pg 26, line 18)
5) Base* (pg 26, line 25)
6) Case (pg 27, line 6)
7) Base* (pg 27, line 10)
8) Case* (pg 27, line 24)
* words having 's' of form 2.
2. No word having "ase" was found in File 2.
1/2
Frequency of words having "are"
Form of 'r' File 1
No of words %
1 ~ 4 30.77
2 ~ 2 15.39
3 ~ 0 0.00
4 ')IC 2 15.39
5 ,l 0 0.00
6 ~ 4 30.77
7 2.. 0 0.00
8 ':£ 0 0.00
9 ,'? 1 7.69
~ 13 100.00
Note:
1. List of words found in File 1 :-
1. welfare (pg 11, line 20)
2. are* (pg 14, line 13)
3. careful (pg 14, line 21)
4. are (pg 16, line 12)
5. clearer* (pg 16, line 31)
6. are (pg 17, line 7 )
7. are (pg 17, line 8 )
8. are (pg 17, line 9 )
9. are (pg 17, line 15)
10. are* (pg 24, line 15 )
11. are* (pg 24, line 16 )
12. prepared (pg 26, line 23 )
13. are (pg 27, line 27)
* words having 'r' of fonn I.
2. No word having "are" was found in File 2.
2/2
Appendix·a
Frequency table showing variation of letters
''ase" and "are" in File 1.
Comparison between questioned word and specimen words
(Enlargement 4X)
Questioned word
(Page 3, line 25)
Specimen words
•
(Page 16, line 25)
..
(Page 27, line 6)
. . :, :~ . . '\ ::---~~- ... - . -. . .. .. ,_ .. r, . . . . ;· ":·
(Page 26, line 18)
(Page 27, line 24)
.1/1
.
Appendix 9
Chart showing questioned word "case"/ "care"
and specimen words "case" from File 1
Word 'base' from File 1 (National Archive of India)
Page 26/ line -25 Page 27 I line I 0
r ------
~_;j.,
---' ./--.),
Actual size Actual size
Enlargement 2X Enlargement 2X
Enlargement 4X Enlargement 4X
·--
Questioned word
(Page 3, line 25) 1/1
Appendix 10
Word bearing letters "base" from File 1.
JA····
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I I
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.....
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i/4
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2
2/4
Words in File 2 bearing letters "se"
written like ''re''.
Appendix 11
r
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4/
Appendix· 12
Chart showing discrepancy between phrase in
File 1 bearing questioned word and
corresponding phrase ln File 2.
Phrase bearing questioned word "case"/ "care" from File 1
1,1,.,tl
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Phrase which read as "care of a Light House" taken from File 2
,.
1/1
Appendix 13
Superimposition of the questioned word
"C(:)$~''l "yare'' and specimen words "case"
from Flle 1
Questioned word
Specimen word, Page 16 Line 25
Questioned word
Superimposition
1/3
Questioned word
Specimen word, Page 26 Line 18
Superimposition
2/3
Questioned word
Specimen word, Page 27 Line 24
Superimposition
3/3
JABATAN KIMIA MALAYSIA
(DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY MALAYSIA)
Jalan Sultan, 46661 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Tel:03-79853000 Fax:03-79556764
List of Annexes
1. FILE 1 : Letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846, signed W.J.
Butterworth, and its enclosures; source: National Archives of India
2. FILE 2: Letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846, without signature;
source: Strait Settlements Factory Records.
3. FILE 3: Letter from W.J. Butterworth (Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca) to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the
Government of India) dated 26 August 1846, without signature;
source: British Library.
4. Counter-Memorial of Singapore.
FILE 1
Letter from W. J. Butterworth (Governor of
Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the Government
of India) dated 26 August 1846, signed W.J.
Butterworth, and its enclosures; source: National
Archives of India.
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33
FILE 2
Letter from W. J. Butterworth (Governor of
Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the Government
of India) dated 26 August 1846, without
signature; source: Strait Settlements Factory
Records.
.
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FILE 3
Letter from W. J. Butterworth (Governor of
Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to G.A. Bushby (Secretary to the Government
of India) dated 26 August 1846, without
signature; source: British Library.
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COUNTER-MEMORIAL OF SINGAPORE
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER
PEDRA BRANCA I PULAU BATU PUTEH,
MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE
(MALAYSIA I SINGAPORE)
COUNTER-MEMORIAL OF
SINGAPORE
VOLUME2
( Annexes 1 to 23 )
25 JANUARY 2005
5.79 The report of the Government Surveyor, J.T. Thomson, referred to by the
newspaper, also confirms that Peak Rock was the location in question: see the
letter-from Thomson to Butterworth, dated 20 November 1844.232
5.80 The Malaysian- Memorial pursues the argument with the unfounded
assertion that in retrospect "[t]he British authorities in Singapore understood the
extent of the consent given by the Sultan and the Temenggong as being
applicable to Pulau Batu Puteh".233 In this connection the Malaysian
Government refers to Butterworth' s letter to· the Government in India dated 26
August 1846.234
5.81 Care is needed at this point. - The language used by Butterworth gives no
support to the suggestion -that the consent was understood "as being applicable to
Pulau Batu Puteh". What Butterworth wrote was as follows:
232
233
234
"My letters undel' dates the 28 November 1844 No 150, and 22nd August
-1845 No 139 will have pointed out the glaring necessity for a Light
House in the position above indicated, but I need hardly observe that the
work has not been commenced upon as anticipated by the Secretary to
the Honble E.1. C0
.- · I sincerely trust however that the question will
receive early consideration, and that the accompanying Copy of a letter,
with its enclosures just received from the Chamber of Commerce at
Singapore will induce the Honble the Presid~nt in Council to move the
Honble Court of Directors to order an Iron Light House from England
for erection on Pedra Branca. The whole of the Details for the care of
Light House as set forth in my-letter under date 28 Novr 1844, with
See Letter from Thomson J.T. (Government Surveyor at Singapore) to Butterworth W.J.
(Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) dated 20 Nov 1844 (SM Vol. 2,
Annex 12). See also para. 5.38 above.
MM p. 65, para. 134.
See Letter from Butterworth W.J. (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to Bushby G.A. (Secretary to the Government of Bengal) dated 26 Aug 1846 (SM Vol. 2,
Annex 16; MM Vol 3, Annex 51).
-Page 103-
reference to its being_ located on Peak Rock, will be equally applicable
to the new Position.' 35 [emphasis added]
5.82 The associated Malaysian contention is this:
"Amongst the-·'details' of the letter of 28 November 1844 can be found
the consent given by the Sultan and the Temenggong of Johor to the
construction of the lighthouse. Governor Butterworth clearly explained
to the Government of'India that 'the whole of the details' related to Peak
Rock are 'equally applicable' to Pulau Batu Puteh. "236
5.83 This passage is misleading. Butterworth (see the penultimate paragraph
above) refers to "The whole of the details for the care of Light House ... "
( emphasis added). Malaysia has wrongly transcribed the word "care" as
"case".237 There are sections in his letter of 1844 which are concerned with "the
care" of the lighthouse envisaged but such sections do not include the passage
relating to the question of permission. The section in the letter of 1844 which
deals with the "care" of the lighthouse is as follows:
235
236
237
"A Light House, if not properly attended, would prove infinitely more
perplexing and dangerous to the Mariner, than its total absence. I am
therefore of opinion that less than two European and Eight Natives
would barely answer the purpose of keeping watch and working the Gun
in case of need, I would therefore recommend that two steady
Pensioners from the Artillery might be allowed to volunteer for the
service, who should receive an additional Salary and Rations, with 8 _
Malays or Lascars, making the annual cost to the state including the
Estimated cost of materials for __ feeding the light, 2856 Rupees per
See Letter from Butterworth W J. (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to Bushby G.A. (Secretary to the Government of Bengal) dated 26 Aug 1846 (SM Vol. 2,
. Annex 16; MM Vol 3, Annex 51).
MM p. 66, para. 135.
Singapore has obtained manuscript copies of the letter of 26 Aug 1844 from three different
somces (the National Archives of India, the National Archives of Singapore and the India
Office Collection of the British Library) and compared these copies to ascertain the correct
transcription. In Singapore's view, it is evident from all 3 manuscripts that the word transcn"bed
as ~'case" by Malaysia should read "care". See Three Manuscript Versions of the Letter from
Butterworth W.J. (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca) to B~hby G.A.
(Secretary to the Government of Bengal) dated 26 Aug 1846, attached to this Counter-Memorial
as Annex 12, where the relevant words have been magnified and highlighted in red.
-Page 104~
annum should it be deemed advisable to employ 1st Class Convicts in
place of the Malays or Lascars, the expense would be considerably
reduced. "238_J underlining in original] ·
5 .84 Even if the word in Butterworth 's 1846 letter is "case", this does not h.elp .
Malaysia's claim. Ai Singapore has shown in paragraphs 5.43 to 5.50 above, in -
the first place those l~tters of permission cannot be read as extending to Pedra
Branca. Moreover, many aspects of Butterworth's letter of 1844 are simply not
applicable to Pedra Branca, for example, Thomson's survey of Peak Rock. By
making the simplistic argument that everything in the 1844 letter relating to Peak
Rock applied to Pedra Branca in 1846, Malaysia is simply seeking to evade the
difficulties of showing that the 1844 letters of permission applied to Pedra
Branca.
5.85 The relevant section of the Malaysian Memorial continues its trail of
unfounded assertions with the following passages:
"136. The British ~uthorities in India were also aware that the consent
given by the Sultan and the Temenggong included Pulau Batu Puteh, as
emerges from the exchange of letters between the Government of India
and the Marine Department in 1846 with regard to the request to send an
iron lighthouse from England. This exchange includes the reports that
Pedra Branca has been approved as the position for erecting Horsburgh
Lighthouse and contains the letters of the Sultan and the Temenggong
referred to above.
13 7. The material referred to above confirms that the permission of
Johor included differeJ1t locations envisaged for the construction of the
Horsburgh Lighthouse, amongst them Pulau Batu Puteh. There is
nothing in it to show that the Sultan and the Temenggong did more than
approve the building of a lighthouse on Johor's territory."239
5.86 In reality the British documents in the period 1845 to 1847 provide a
simple and consistent picture to the effect that for practical reasons Pedra Branca
238
239
See Letter from Butterworth W.J. (Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca)
to Currie F. (Secretary to the Government of India) dated 28 Nov 1844 (SM Vol. 2, Annex 13).
MMp. 66, paras. 136-137.
-Page 105-
Annexl2
: Three.Manuscript Copies of Letter from Butterworth W.J.-(Gi,vemoi
of Prince of Wales Island,Singapore_ and Malacca)to.Bushby G.A. -
,(Secretary.to the Govemmentofllengal) da:ted26 Aug 1846(to
resolve transcription discr~pan~ybetween Annex SMl6 and Annex
_ MM51) namely: -
{i) Facsimile copy of letter signe<f by _Governor Butterworth ·
· · · : . (Source: National Archives of India)
(ii) Contemporaneous manuscript copy in Straits s·ettlemehts Records.
R13/210.:.213 (S_9urce: National Archives of Singapor~)
(iii) Contemporaneous ·manuscript copy in Board: of Control ·Records,
F/4/2166: Collection·No.104700 · - ·
(Source:_ British Library, ltidia. Office Collectioi:is)
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MAP ANNEXES
Map Annex 1
Map Annex 2
Map Annex3
Map Annex 4
Map Annex 5
MAP ANNEXES
Title of Map
"Map of Singapore Island and its Dependencies. Copied by
permission from the Government Surveys, Singapore, 1852"
Sketch of the British Settlement of Singapore According to the
treaty of the 2nd of August 1824, by Lieut. P. Jackson, Assistant
Engineer
Singapore, 1924, Sheet No. 1 and 16-sheet map compilation, on a
Scale of 20 Chains to an Inch, published under the direction of
the Surveyor General F.M.S. & S.S., showing legend (Map 15 in
the MM)
''Singapore", Sheet NA-48 of the World 1: 1,000,000 Series GSGS
4646 produced by the UK War Office, Edition 5 of Sheet NA-48,
1954 (this sheet forms the top half of the compilation in Map 26
of Memorial of Malaysia Map Atlas)
Recently declassified United States Department of State map of
the area of the entrance to the Singapore Strait, Sheet NA 48-10,
1990s
MAPANNEX 1
"Map of Singapore Island and its Dependencies.
Copied by permission from the Government
Surveys, Singapore, 1852"
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MAPANNEX5
Recently declassified United States Department
of State map of the area of the entrance to the
Singapore Strait, Sheet NA 48-10, 1990s
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Volume 2 (Annexes)