Dissenting opinion by Judge Shi

Document Number
111-19990602-ORD-01-07-EN
Parent Document Number
111-19990602-ORD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE SHI

To my regret, 1 am unable to concur with the findings of the Court
that, given the limitation ratione temporis contained in the declaration of

acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction made by the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (hereinafter Yugoslavia), the Court lacked prima facie juris-
diction under Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute, to which both the
Applicant and the Respondent are parties. This conclusion prevented the
Court from exercising its power under Article 41, paragraph 1, of the
Statute to indicate provisional measures to the Parties.

Yugoslavia signed the declaration of acceptance of the compulsory
jurisdiction of the Court on 25 April 1999.By that declaration, Yugosla-
via recognized compulsory jurisdiction "in al1disputes arising or which
may arise after the signature of the present Declaration, with regard to
the situations or facts subsequent to this signature . ..".

This limitation ratione temporis of recognition of the Court's jurisdic-
tion belongs to the category of the so-called "double exclusion formula".

In cases where the Court is confronted with this "double exclusion for-
mula", it has to ascertain both the date of the dispute and the situations
or facts with regard to which the dispute has arisen.

Regarding the first aspect of the limitation ratione temporis in the
present case, that is to say, whether the date on which the dispute arose is
before or after the signature by Yugoslavia of the declaration of accept-
ance, the Court has, in this connection, to consider what is the subject of
the dispute, as it did in a similar situation in the Right of Passuge case,
where the Court stated :

"In order to form a judgment as to the Court's jurisdiction it is
necessary to consider what is the subject of the dispute." (Right of
Pussage over lndian Territory, Merits. Judgment, 1.C.J. Reports
1960, p. 33).

In the present case, the Application of Yugoslavia contains a sec-
tion bearing the title "Subject of the Dispute", which indicates the subject
as acts of the Respondent

"by which it has violated its international obligation banning the use
of force against another State, the obligation not to intervene in the
interna1 affairs of another State, the obligation not to violate the
sovereignty of another State, the obligation to protect the civilian715 LEGALlTY OF USE OF FORCE (DISS .P. SHI)

population and civilian objects in wartime, the obligation to protect
the environment, the obligation relating to free navigation on inter-
national rivers, the obligation regarding fundamental human rights
and freedoms, the obligation not to use prohibited weapons, the
obligation not to deliberately inflict conditions of life calculated to
cause the physical destruction of a national group".

As in the Right of Passage case, the legal dispute before the Court, as

shown above, consists of a number of constituent elements. Prior to the
coming into existence of al1the constituent elements, the dispute cannot
be said to arise. None of the above elements existed before the critical
date of 25 April 1999.It is true that the aerial bombing of the territory of
Yugoslavia began some weeks before this critical date of signature of the
declaration. But aerial bombing and its effects are merely facts or situa-
tions and as such do not constitute a legal dispute. The constituent ele-
ments of the present dispute are not present before the critical date and
only exist at and from the date of Yugoslavia's Application on 29 April
1999. It is true that, prior to the critical date. Yugoslavia had accused
NATO (Security Council Meetings of 24 and 26 March 1999,SlPV.3988
and 3989) of illegal use of force against it. However, this complaint con-
stitutes at the most one of the many constituent elements of the dispute.

Besides, in no way could NATO be identified with the Respondent, and
NATO cannot be the Respondent in the present case ratione personae.
The legal dispute only arose at the date of the Application, which is sub-
sequent to the signature of the declaration of acceptance. Therefore, the
time condition in order for the present dispute to be within the scope of
acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction ratione temporis, as contained in
Yugoslavia's declaration, has been satisfied.

With respect to the second aspect of Yugoslavia's double exclusion for-
mula, the situations or facts which the Court has to consider are those
with regard to which the dispute has arisen, i.e., those situations or facts

which are the source of the present legal dispute.
Article 25, paragraph 1, of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility,
adopted at first reading by the International Law Commission, provides:

"1. The breach of an international obligation by an act of the
State having a continuingcharacter occurs at the moment when that
act begins. Nevertheless, the time of commission of the breach
extends over the entire period during which the act continues and
remains not in conformity with the international obligation." (ILC
Yearbook, 1978,Vol. II,Part Two, p. 89.) This concept of the duration of a "continuing" wrongful act is com-
monly accepted by international tribunals and legal scholars.

In the present case, the dispute relates to the alleged breach ofvarious
international obligations by acts of force, in the form of aerial bombing
of the territories of Yugoslavia, which are attributed by the Applicant to
the respondent State. It is obvious that the alleged breach of obligations
by such a "continuing" act first occurred at the moment when the act
began, weeks before the critical date of 25 April 1999.Given that the acts
of aerial bombing continued well beyond the critical date and still con-
tinue, the time of commission of the breach extends over the whole
period during which the acts continue and ends only when the acts of the
respondent State cease or when the international obligations alleged to be

breached by the acts of that State cease to exist or are no longer in force
for it.

The conclusion may be drawn from the above analysis that the limita-
tion ratione temporis in the double exclusion formula contained in Yugo-
slavia's declaration of acceptance of the compulsory jurisdiction in
no way constitutes a bar to founding prima facie jurisdiction upon
Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute for the purpose of indication of
provisional measures in the present case.
It is regrettable that, as a result of itsstaken findings on this point,
the Court was not in a position to indicate provisional measures to the
Parties in the urgent situation of human tragedy with loss of life and
human suffering in the territories of Yugoslavia arising from the use of
force in and against that country.

Moreover, 1 am of the opinion that, confronted with that urgent situa-
tion, the Court ought to have contributed to the maintenance of interna-
tional peace and security in so far as its judicial functions permit. The

Court would have been Sullyjustified in point of law if, immediately upon
receipt of the request by the Applicant for the indication of provisional
measures, and regardless of what might be its conclusion on prima facie
jurisdiction pending its final decision, it had issued a general statement
appealing to the Parties to act in compliance with their obligations under
the Charter of the United Nations and al1other rules of international law
relevant to the situation, including international humanitarian law, and
at least not to aggravate or extend their dispute. In my view, nothing in
the Statute or Rules of Court prohibits the Court from so acting. Accord-
ing to the Charter of the United Nations, the Court is after al1the prin-
cipal judicial organ of the United Nations, with its Statute as an integral
part of the Charter; and by virtue of the purposes and principles of the
Charter, including Chapter VI (Pacific Settlement of Disputes), the Court
has been assigned a role within the general framework of the United717 LEGALlTYOF USE OF FORCE (DISS .P. SHI)

Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. There is
no doubt that to issue such a general statement of appeal is within the
implied powers of the Court in the exercise of its judicial functions. Itis
deplorable that the Court has failed to take an opportunity to make its
due contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security

when that is most needed.

Furthermore, in his letter addressed to the President and the Members
of the Court, the Agent of Yugoslavia stated:

"Considering the power conferred upon the Court by Article 75,
paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court and having in mind the greatest
urgency caused by the circumstances described in the Requests for
provisional measure of protection 1kindly ask the Court to decide
on the submitted Requests proprio motu orto fix a date for a hearing
at earliest possible time."

In the recent LaGrund case, the Court, at the request of the applicant
State and despite the objection of the respondent State, decided to make
use of itsabove-mentioned power under Article 75, paragraph 1, of the
Rules of Court without hearing the respondent State in either written or
oral form (LuGrund (Germany v. United Stutes of Americu), Order of
3 March 1999,I.C.J. Reports 1999, pp. 13and 14,paras. 12and 21). By
contrast, in the present case the Court failed to take any positive action
in response to the similar request made by the Agent of Yugoslavia in a
situation far more urgent even than that in the former case.

It is forhese reasons that 1felt compelled to vote against the operative

paragraph 50 (1) of the present Order.

(Signed) SHIJiuyong.

Bilingual Content

DISSENTING OPINION OF JUDGE SHI

To my regret, 1 am unable to concur with the findings of the Court
that, given the limitation ratione temporis contained in the declaration of

acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction made by the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia (hereinafter Yugoslavia), the Court lacked prima facie juris-
diction under Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute, to which both the
Applicant and the Respondent are parties. This conclusion prevented the
Court from exercising its power under Article 41, paragraph 1, of the
Statute to indicate provisional measures to the Parties.

Yugoslavia signed the declaration of acceptance of the compulsory
jurisdiction of the Court on 25 April 1999.By that declaration, Yugosla-
via recognized compulsory jurisdiction "in al1disputes arising or which
may arise after the signature of the present Declaration, with regard to
the situations or facts subsequent to this signature . ..".

This limitation ratione temporis of recognition of the Court's jurisdic-
tion belongs to the category of the so-called "double exclusion formula".

In cases where the Court is confronted with this "double exclusion for-
mula", it has to ascertain both the date of the dispute and the situations
or facts with regard to which the dispute has arisen.

Regarding the first aspect of the limitation ratione temporis in the
present case, that is to say, whether the date on which the dispute arose is
before or after the signature by Yugoslavia of the declaration of accept-
ance, the Court has, in this connection, to consider what is the subject of
the dispute, as it did in a similar situation in the Right of Passuge case,
where the Court stated :

"In order to form a judgment as to the Court's jurisdiction it is
necessary to consider what is the subject of the dispute." (Right of
Pussage over lndian Territory, Merits. Judgment, 1.C.J. Reports
1960, p. 33).

In the present case, the Application of Yugoslavia contains a sec-
tion bearing the title "Subject of the Dispute", which indicates the subject
as acts of the Respondent

"by which it has violated its international obligation banning the use
of force against another State, the obligation not to intervene in the
interna1 affairs of another State, the obligation not to violate the
sovereignty of another State, the obligation to protect the civilian OPIIVION DISSIDENTE DE M. SHI

[Traduction]

A mon grand regret, je ne peux pas souscrire aux conclusions de la
Cour quand celle-ci, icomptetenu de la limitation ratione temporis figu-
rant dans la déclaration d'acceptation de la juridiction obligatoire faite
par la République fiidéralede Yougoslavie (ci-après la Yougoslavie),
estime ne pas avoir compétence prima facie en vertu de l'article36, para-
graphe 2, du Statut, auquel le demandeur et le défendeur sont l'un et
l'autre parties. Cetteironclusion a empêché la Cour d'exercer le pouvoir
qui lui est conféré parle paragraphe 1de l'article 41 de son Statut d'indi-
quer aux Parties des mesures conservatoires.
La Yougoslavie a signé sadéclaration d'acceptation de la juridiction
obligatoire de la Cour le 25 avril 1999. Par cette déclaration, la Yougo-

slavie a reconnu cette juridiction comme obligatoire «pour tous les dif-
férends,surgissant oii pouvant surgir après la signature de la présente
déclaration, qui ont trait à des situations ou à des faits postérieurs a
ladite signature..)>
Cette limitation ratione temporis de la reconnaissance de la juridiction
de la Cour appartient à une catégorie deréserves qualifiée de ((formule de
la double exclusion)). Quand elle est face à cette «formule», la Cour doit
établira quelle date le différenda surgi, d'une part, et de l'autreà quelle
date remontent les situations ou les faits au regard desquels le différenda
surgi.
En ce qui concerne, en l'espèce,le premier aspect de la limitation

rutione temporis. c'est.-à-direle point de savoir si la datà laquelle le dif-
férenda surgi est antitrieure ou postérieure à la signature par la Yougo-
slavie de sa déclaration d'acceptation, la Cour doit donc considérerquel
est I'objet du différend, comme elle l'a fait dans une situation analogue
dans l'affaire du Droit de passage, dans laquelle elle a déclaré:

«Pour apprécierla compétencede la Cour, il faut considérer quel
est I'objet du différend.))(Droit de passage sur le territoire indien,
fond arrêt, C.1J'.Recueil 1960, p. 33.)

Dans la présenteespèce,il figure dans la requête dela Yougoslavie une
section portant l'intitulé((Objet du différend)),dans laquelle il est dit que
I'objet du différend porte sur les actes commis par le défendeur

<<enviolation de son obligation internationale de ne pas recourir à
l'emploi de la force contre un autre Etat, de l'obligation de ne pas
s'immiscer dans les affaires intérieures d'un autre Etat, de I'obliga-
tion de ne pas porter atteinte à la souveraineté d'un autre Etat, de715 LEGALlTY OF USE OF FORCE (DISS .P. SHI)

population and civilian objects in wartime, the obligation to protect
the environment, the obligation relating to free navigation on inter-
national rivers, the obligation regarding fundamental human rights
and freedoms, the obligation not to use prohibited weapons, the
obligation not to deliberately inflict conditions of life calculated to
cause the physical destruction of a national group".

As in the Right of Passage case, the legal dispute before the Court, as

shown above, consists of a number of constituent elements. Prior to the
coming into existence of al1the constituent elements, the dispute cannot
be said to arise. None of the above elements existed before the critical
date of 25 April 1999.It is true that the aerial bombing of the territory of
Yugoslavia began some weeks before this critical date of signature of the
declaration. But aerial bombing and its effects are merely facts or situa-
tions and as such do not constitute a legal dispute. The constituent ele-
ments of the present dispute are not present before the critical date and
only exist at and from the date of Yugoslavia's Application on 29 April
1999. It is true that, prior to the critical date. Yugoslavia had accused
NATO (Security Council Meetings of 24 and 26 March 1999,SlPV.3988
and 3989) of illegal use of force against it. However, this complaint con-
stitutes at the most one of the many constituent elements of the dispute.

Besides, in no way could NATO be identified with the Respondent, and
NATO cannot be the Respondent in the present case ratione personae.
The legal dispute only arose at the date of the Application, which is sub-
sequent to the signature of the declaration of acceptance. Therefore, the
time condition in order for the present dispute to be within the scope of
acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction ratione temporis, as contained in
Yugoslavia's declaration, has been satisfied.

With respect to the second aspect of Yugoslavia's double exclusion for-
mula, the situations or facts which the Court has to consider are those
with regard to which the dispute has arisen, i.e., those situations or facts

which are the source of the present legal dispute.
Article 25, paragraph 1, of the Draft Articles on State Responsibility,
adopted at first reading by the International Law Commission, provides:

"1. The breach of an international obligation by an act of the
State having a continuingcharacter occurs at the moment when that
act begins. Nevertheless, the time of commission of the breach
extends over the entire period during which the act continues and
remains not in conformity with the international obligation." (ILC
Yearbook, 1978,Vol. II,Part Two, p. 89.) LICEITÉ DE L'EMPLOI DE LA FORCE (OP.DISS.SHI) 715

I'obligation de protéger les populations civiles et les biens de carac-
tère civil en temps de guerre, de l'obligation de protéger l'environ-

nement, de I'obligation touchant à la libertéde navigation sur les
cours d'eau internationaux, de I'obligation concernant les droits et
libertésfondamentaux de la personne humaine, de I'obligation de ne
pas utiliser des armes interdites, de I'obligation de ne pas soumettre
intentionnellement un groupe national à des conditions d'existence
devant entraîner sa destruction physique)).

Comme dans l'affaire du Droit de passage, le différend d'ordre juri-
dique dont la Cour est saisie comprend, comme on vient de le voir, plu-
sieurs élémentsconstitutifs. Avant qu'existent tous ces élémentsconstitu-
tifs, on ne peut pas dire que le différenda surgi. Or, aucun des éléments
ci-dessus n'existait avant la date critique duavril 1999.11est exact que
les bombardements aériensdu territoire de la Yougoslavie ont commencé

quelques semaines avant cette date critique de la signature de la déclara-
tion. Mais les bombardements aériens et leurs effets nesont que des faits
ou des situations et, à ce titre, ne constituent pas un différendd'ordre
juridique. Les élémentsconstitutifs du différend actuelne sont pas pré-
sents avant la date critique et ils n'existent qu'à la date de la requête de
Yougoslavie, le 29 avril 1999, et a compter de ladite date. II est exact
qu'antérieurement à cette date critique, la Yougoslavie avait accusé
l'OTAN de recourir contre elle à un usage illicitede la force (voir les réu-
nions du Conseil de sécuritéen date des 24 et 26 mars 1999,SlPV.3988et
3989).Toutefois, cette plainte ne constitue tout au plus quel'un des nom-
breux élémentsconstitutifs du différend. En outre, il est impossible
d'identifierI'OTAN au défendeuret, en l'espèce,I'OTAN ne saurait non
plus êtrele défendeur rationepersonae. Le différendd'ordre juridique n'a

surgi qu'à la date de la requête,laquelle est postérieureà la signature de
la déclaration d'acceptation. Par conséquent, la condition d'ordre tem-
porel à remplir pour que le présent différendentre dans le champ de
l'acceptation de la juridiction obligatoire ratione temporis tel qu'il est
définidans la déclaration dela Yougoslavie, est bel et bien remplie.
En ce qui concerne le second aspect de la formule de double exclusion
de la Yougoslavie, c'est-à-dire la situation ou les faits que la Cour doit
prendre en considération, ce sont ceux au regard desquels le différenda
surgi, c'est-à-dire les situations ou les faits qui en sont l'origine.
L'article25 du projet d'articles sur la responsabilité desEtats, adopté
en première lecturepar la Commission du droit international, dispose au
paragraphe 1:

« 1. La violation d'une obligation internationale par un fait de
1'Etatayant un caractère de continuité se produit au moment ou ce
fait commence. Toutefois, le temps de perpétration de la violation
s'étendsur la période entièredurant laquelle ce fait continue et reste
non conforme à l'obligation internationale. » (Annuairede la Com-
mission du droit international,1978,vol. II, deuxièmepartie, p. 101.) This concept of the duration of a "continuing" wrongful act is com-
monly accepted by international tribunals and legal scholars.

In the present case, the dispute relates to the alleged breach ofvarious
international obligations by acts of force, in the form of aerial bombing
of the territories of Yugoslavia, which are attributed by the Applicant to
the respondent State. It is obvious that the alleged breach of obligations
by such a "continuing" act first occurred at the moment when the act
began, weeks before the critical date of 25 April 1999.Given that the acts
of aerial bombing continued well beyond the critical date and still con-
tinue, the time of commission of the breach extends over the whole
period during which the acts continue and ends only when the acts of the
respondent State cease or when the international obligations alleged to be

breached by the acts of that State cease to exist or are no longer in force
for it.

The conclusion may be drawn from the above analysis that the limita-
tion ratione temporis in the double exclusion formula contained in Yugo-
slavia's declaration of acceptance of the compulsory jurisdiction in
no way constitutes a bar to founding prima facie jurisdiction upon
Article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute for the purpose of indication of
provisional measures in the present case.
It is regrettable that, as a result of itsstaken findings on this point,
the Court was not in a position to indicate provisional measures to the
Parties in the urgent situation of human tragedy with loss of life and
human suffering in the territories of Yugoslavia arising from the use of
force in and against that country.

Moreover, 1 am of the opinion that, confronted with that urgent situa-
tion, the Court ought to have contributed to the maintenance of interna-
tional peace and security in so far as its judicial functions permit. The

Court would have been Sullyjustified in point of law if, immediately upon
receipt of the request by the Applicant for the indication of provisional
measures, and regardless of what might be its conclusion on prima facie
jurisdiction pending its final decision, it had issued a general statement
appealing to the Parties to act in compliance with their obligations under
the Charter of the United Nations and al1other rules of international law
relevant to the situation, including international humanitarian law, and
at least not to aggravate or extend their dispute. In my view, nothing in
the Statute or Rules of Court prohibits the Court from so acting. Accord-
ing to the Charter of the United Nations, the Court is after al1the prin-
cipal judicial organ of the United Nations, with its Statute as an integral
part of the Charter; and by virtue of the purposes and principles of the
Charter, including Chapter VI (Pacific Settlement of Disputes), the Court
has been assigned a role within the general framework of the United LICÉITE DE L'EMPLOI DE LA FORCE (OP. DISS. SHI) 716

Cette conception de la duréed'un acte illicite ((ayant un caractère de
continuité)) est commuinémentacceptée par les juridictions internatio-
nales et lescommentatr:urs faisant autorité.
Dans la présenteespèce,le différenda trait à la violation alléguéede
diverses obligations internationales sous l'effet de l'emploi de la force,
lequel revêtla forme de bombardements aériens des territoires de la You-

goslavie, bombardements qui sont imputés par le demandeur à 1'Etat
défendeur.Il est évidentque la violation alléguée de certaines obligations
par ce fait qui a un ((caractèrede continuité))s'est produite pour la pre-
mière fois au moment où le fait a commencé, c'est-à-dire des semaines
avant la date critique du 25 avril 1999. Comme les bombardements
aériensse sont poursuivis bien au-delà de la date critique et se poursui-
vent encore aujourd'huii, le temps de perpétration de la violation s'étend
sur la période entièred.urant laquelle ces faits continuent et ne prend fin
que lorsque les actes ainsi commis par 1'Etatdéfendeur prennent fin ou
lorsque les obligations internationales qui seraient violéespar les faits
dudit Etat cessent d'exister ou bien ne sont plus en vigueur pour ledit
Etat.
Il est possible de déduirede l'analyse ci-dessusque la limitatiorutione
temporis figurant dans la formule de double exclusion adoptée par la
Yougoslavie dans sa déclaration d'acceptation de la juridiction obliga-

toire de la Cour n'emlpêche nullement celle-ci de fonder sa compétence
primu,facie sur l'article 36, paragraphe 2, de son Statut, aux fins d'indi-
quer en l'occurrence des mesures conservatoires.
Il est regrettable qu'ayant abouti à des conclusions erronées sur ce
point, la Cour n'ait pas été à mêmed'indiquer aux Parties des mesures
conservatoires a appliquer dans une situation d'urgence marquée par le
drame humain, les pertes en vieshumaines et lessouffrances que connais-
sent les territoires de la Yougoslavie sous l'effet de l'emploi de la force
dans ce pays et contre lui.
En outre, faceà cettl: situation d'urgence, laCour aurait dû favoriser le
maintien de la paix et 'dela sécuritéinternationales dans la mesure ou ses
fonctions judiciairesl';yautorisent. L'action de la Cour aurait été pleine-
ment justifiéeen droit si, dès qu'ellea étésaisie de la part du demandeur
de sa requêteen indication de mesures conservatoires, et indépendam-
ment de son éventuelle conclusion quant à sa compétence pïimu facie
dans l'attente de sa décision définitive,lle avait lancéun appel de carac-

tère généralaux Parties pour leur demander d'agir conformément aux
obligations leur incombant en vertu de la Charte des Nations Unies et de
toutes les autres règlesdu droit international intéressant la situation, y
compris le droit international humanitaire, et leur demander à tout le
moins de s'abstenir d'aggraver ou étendreleur différend. A mon sens, il
n'y a rien dans le Statut ni dans le Règlementde la Cour qui interdise a
celle-cid'agir de cette façon. Aux termes de la Charte, la Cour est après
tout le principal organe judiciaire de l'organisation des Nations Unies,
son Statut faisant partie intégrante de la Charte; et, sous l'effetdes buts
et des principes de ladite Charte, y compris son chapitre VI (relatif au717 LEGALlTYOF USE OF FORCE (DISS .P. SHI)

Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security. There is
no doubt that to issue such a general statement of appeal is within the
implied powers of the Court in the exercise of its judicial functions. Itis
deplorable that the Court has failed to take an opportunity to make its
due contribution to the maintenance of international peace and security

when that is most needed.

Furthermore, in his letter addressed to the President and the Members
of the Court, the Agent of Yugoslavia stated:

"Considering the power conferred upon the Court by Article 75,
paragraph 1, of the Rules of Court and having in mind the greatest
urgency caused by the circumstances described in the Requests for
provisional measure of protection 1kindly ask the Court to decide
on the submitted Requests proprio motu orto fix a date for a hearing
at earliest possible time."

In the recent LaGrund case, the Court, at the request of the applicant
State and despite the objection of the respondent State, decided to make
use of itsabove-mentioned power under Article 75, paragraph 1, of the
Rules of Court without hearing the respondent State in either written or
oral form (LuGrund (Germany v. United Stutes of Americu), Order of
3 March 1999,I.C.J. Reports 1999, pp. 13and 14,paras. 12and 21). By
contrast, in the present case the Court failed to take any positive action
in response to the similar request made by the Agent of Yugoslavia in a
situation far more urgent even than that in the former case.

It is forhese reasons that 1felt compelled to vote against the operative

paragraph 50 (1) of the present Order.

(Signed) SHIJiuyong. LICÉITÉ DE L'EMPLOI DE LA FORCE (OP. DISS.SHI) 717

règlement pacifique des différends),il a étéattribué un rôle à la Cour
dans le cadre généralde l'organisation des Nations Unies aux fins du
maintien de la paix et de la sécuritéinternationales. ne fait aucun doute
que l'appel de caractère généraldont je parle relève implicitement des

pouvoirs impartis à la Cour dans l'exercicede ses fonctions judiciaires.
Ayant aujourd'hui statué définitivementsur la requêtedu demandeur, la
Cour n'a pas saisi 1'occ:asionqui lui étaitdonnéed'apporter le concours
qu'elleaurait dû au maintien de la paix et de la sécurinternationales au
moment où ce concours est on ne peut plus indispensable.
En outre, dans la lettre qu'il a adresséeau présidentet aux membres de
la Cour, l'agent de la Yougoslavie a dit ceci:

((Considérant le pouvoir conféré à la Cour aux termes du para-
graphe 1de l'article75de son Règlement, et comptetenu de l'extrême
urgence de la situation néedes circonstances décritesdans les de-
mandes en indication de mesures conservatoires, je prie la Cour de
bien vouloir se prononcer d'office sur les demandes présentéesou
de fixer une date pour la tenue d'une audience dans les meilleurs
délais.

Dans une affaire très récente, l'affairLaGrand, la Cour, sur la requête
de 1'Etat demandeur et en dépit des objections de 1'Etat défendeur, a
décidé d'exercelre pouvoir qui lui est ainsi conférépar le paragraphede
l'article 75 de son Règlementsans entendre 1'Etatdéfendeur,ni par écrit
ni oralement (LaGran,d (Allemagne c. Etats- Unis d'Amérique), ordon-
nance du 3 murs 1999, C.I.J. Recueil 1999, p. 13-14, par. 12, 21). Par
opposition, en l'espèce,la Cour n'a eu aucun geste positif la suite de la
requêtesimilaire formuléepar l'agent de la Yougoslavie dans une situa-
tion dont le caractère d'urgence étaitmêmebeaucoup plus prononcé que

dans l'exemple que je cite.
Ce sont ces motifs qui m'ont obligéBvoter contre le paragraphe 50,
alinéa 1du dispositif de la présenteordonnance.

(Signé) SHIJiuyong.

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Document Long Title

Dissenting opinion by Judge Shi

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