Declaration of Judge Oda

Document Number
104-19990303-ORD-01-01-EN
Parent Document Number
104-19990303-ORD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

DECLARATION OF JUDGE ODA

1. 1voted in favour of the Court's Order with great hesitation as 1con-
sidered that the request for the indication of provisional measures of pro-

tection submitted by Germany to the Court should have been dismissed.
However, in the limited time - only several hours - given to the Court
to deal with this matter, 1have regrettably found it impossible to develop
my points sufficiently to persuade my colleagues to alter their position.

2. 1can, on humanitarian grounds, understand the plight of Mr. Wal-
ter LaGrand and recognize that owing to the fact that Germany filed this
request as late as yesterday evening (namely, at 7.30 p.m. on 2 March
1999), his fate now, albeit unreasonably, lies in the hands of the Court.

1would like to add, however, that, if Mr. Walter LaGrand's rights as

they relate to humanitarian issues are to be respected then, in parallel, the
matter of the rights of victims of violent crime (a point which has often
been overlooked) should be taken into consideration. It should also be
noted that since his arrest, Mr. Walter LaGrand has been treated in al1
legal proceedings in accordance with the American judicial system gov-
erned by the rule of law.

The Court cannot act as a court of criminal appeal and cannot be peti-
tioned for writs of habeas corpus. The Court does not havejurisdiction to
decide matters relating to capital punishment and its execution, and
should not intervene in such matters. Whether capital punishment would

be contrary to Article 6 of the 1966International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights is not a matter to be determined by the International
Court of Justice - at least in the present situation.

3. As 1 stated earlier, Germany's request was presented to the Court at
7.30 p.m. on 2 March 1999in connection with and at the same time as its
Application instituting proceedings against the United States for viola-
tions of the 1963Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Mr. Walter
LaGrand was brought to the domestic courts of the United Statesfor the
alleged murder which took place in 1982.
If there was any dispute between Germany and the United States con-

cerning the interpretation or application of the Vienna Convention, it
could have been that the United States was presumed to have violated the
Convention at the time of the arrest of Mr. Walter LaGrand, as the
United States did not inform the German consular officialsof that event.In fact, the German consular officiais were not aware of the situation
until 1992and only learned of it from Mr. Walter LaGrand himself.
4. What did Germany ask the Court to decide in its request for the
indication of provisional measures of protection of 2 March 1999?Ger-
many asked mainly for a decision relating to Mr. Walter LaGrand's per-
sonal situation, namely, his pending execution by the competent authori-
ties of the State of Arizona, which Germany did not attempt to deal with
until yesterday.
Germany requested the restoration of the status quo ante. However, if
consular contact had occurred at the time of Mr. Walter LaGrand's

arrest or detention, the judicial procedure in the United States domestic
courts relating to his case would have been no different.

5. 1 would like to turn to some general issues relating to provisional
measures. First, as a general rule, provisional measures are granted in
order to preserve rights of States exposed toan imminent breach which is
irreparable and these rights of States must be those to be considered at
the merits stage of the case, and must constitute the subject-matter of the
application instituting proceedings or be directly related to it. In this
case, however, there is no question of such rights(of States parties), as
provided for by the Vienna Convention, being exposed to an imminent
irreparable breach.
1 would like to reiterate that the request for the indication of provi-

sional measures must essentially be related to the application instituting
proceedings presented by the State. The fact that the United States failed
to notify the German consular authorities of the arrest, detention and
trial of Mr. Walter LaGrand and that Germany did not until yesterday
take steps before this Court, is not - however much it may appear to be
- directly related to the imminent execution of that German national.
The purpose of provisional measures is to preserve the rights of States
ex~osed to an imminent breach which is irre~arable.
5. If the request in the present case had no; been granted, the Applica-
tion itself would have become meaningless. If that had been the case,
then 1would have had no hesitation in pointing out that the request for
provisional measures should not be used to ensure that the main Applica-
tion continues. In addition, the request for provisional measures should

not be used byapplicantsfor the purpose of obtaining interim judgments
that would affirm their own rights and predetermine the main case.

If the Court intervenes directlyin the fate of an individual, this would
mean some departure from the function of the principal judicial organ of
the United Nations, which is essentially a tribunal set up to settle inter-
State disputes concerning the rights and duties of States. 1fervently hope
that this case will not set a precedent in the history of the Court.

While 1consider that the International Court of Justice should be uti-lized more frequently in the world, 1cannot condone the use of the Court
for such matters as the above under the pretext of the protection of
human rights.
7. 1 have thus explained why 1formed the view that, given the funda-
mental nature of provisional measures, those measures should not have
been indicated upon Germany's request. 1 reiterate and emphasize that
1 voted in favour of the Order solely for humanitarian reasons.

(Signed) Shigeru ODA.

Bilingual Content

DECLARATION OF JUDGE ODA

1. 1voted in favour of the Court's Order with great hesitation as 1con-
sidered that the request for the indication of provisional measures of pro-

tection submitted by Germany to the Court should have been dismissed.
However, in the limited time - only several hours - given to the Court
to deal with this matter, 1have regrettably found it impossible to develop
my points sufficiently to persuade my colleagues to alter their position.

2. 1can, on humanitarian grounds, understand the plight of Mr. Wal-
ter LaGrand and recognize that owing to the fact that Germany filed this
request as late as yesterday evening (namely, at 7.30 p.m. on 2 March
1999), his fate now, albeit unreasonably, lies in the hands of the Court.

1would like to add, however, that, if Mr. Walter LaGrand's rights as

they relate to humanitarian issues are to be respected then, in parallel, the
matter of the rights of victims of violent crime (a point which has often
been overlooked) should be taken into consideration. It should also be
noted that since his arrest, Mr. Walter LaGrand has been treated in al1
legal proceedings in accordance with the American judicial system gov-
erned by the rule of law.

The Court cannot act as a court of criminal appeal and cannot be peti-
tioned for writs of habeas corpus. The Court does not havejurisdiction to
decide matters relating to capital punishment and its execution, and
should not intervene in such matters. Whether capital punishment would

be contrary to Article 6 of the 1966International Covenant on Civil and
Political Rights is not a matter to be determined by the International
Court of Justice - at least in the present situation.

3. As 1 stated earlier, Germany's request was presented to the Court at
7.30 p.m. on 2 March 1999in connection with and at the same time as its
Application instituting proceedings against the United States for viola-
tions of the 1963Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Mr. Walter
LaGrand was brought to the domestic courts of the United Statesfor the
alleged murder which took place in 1982.
If there was any dispute between Germany and the United States con-

cerning the interpretation or application of the Vienna Convention, it
could have been that the United States was presumed to have violated the
Convention at the time of the arrest of Mr. Walter LaGrand, as the
United States did not inform the German consular officialsof that event.[Traduction]

1. J'ai voté en faveurde l'ordonnance de la Cour aprèsavoir beaucoup
hésitécar j'estime que la demande en indication de mesures conserva-
toires présentéepar l'Allemagne à la Cour aurait dû êtrerejetée.Dans le
délai restreint- quelques heures seulement - dont disposait la Cour
pour statuer, je me suis toutefois vu, a mon grand regret, dans l'impos-
sibilitéde développer suffisammentmon argumentation pour persuader
mes collèguesde modifier leur position.
2. Je peux, pour des motifs humanitaires, comprendre la situation cri-
tique dans laquelle se trouve M. Walter LaGrand, et reconnaître que le
dépôt de la demande par l'Allemagne, qui n'a eu lieu qu'hier soir (à

savoir a 19h 30 le2 mars 1999),fait que son sort, encore que cela ne soit
pas normal, est aujourd'hui entre les mains de la Cour.
Je voudrais toutefois ajouter que, s'ily a lieu de respecter les droits de
M. Walter LaGrand dès lors qu'ils ont trait a des questions d'ordre
humanitaire, il convient en mêmetemps de tenir compte des droits des
victimes d'actes de violence (aspect qui a souvent été négligé).Il convient
aussi de noter que, depuis son arrestation, M. Walter LaCrand a dans
toutes les procédures dont il a fait l'objet été traité conformément aux
règlesdu systèmejudiciaire desEtats-Unis, qui est régipar le principe de
la légalité.
La Cour ne saurait ni faire fonction de cour d'appel en matière crimi-

nelle ni êtresaisie de reauêtestendant àce au'elle rende des ordonnances
d'habeas corpus. La Cour n'a pas compétencepour se prononcer sur des
questions relatives a la peine capitale et à son application, et ne devrait
pas intervenir dans ces domaines. Il n'appartient pas à la Cour inter-
nationale de Justice de déterminer si la peine capitale est contrairea l'ar-
ticle 6 du pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques de 1966
- du moins en l'occurrence.
3. Comme il a étédit plus haut, l'Allemagne a présentésa demande a
la Cour, le 2 mars 1999 à 19 h 30, en mêmetemps que la requêtepar
laquelle elle a introduit une instance contre les Etats-Unis en raison de
violations de la convention de Vienne sur les relations consulaires de

1963. M. Walter LaGrand a ététraduit devant les tribunaux internes des
Etats-Unis pour un meurtre qu'il aurait commis en 1982.
Si un différend existaitentre l'Allemagne et les Etats-Unis au sujet de
l'interprétation ou de l'application de la convention de Vienne, il pourrait
tenir au fait que les Etats-Unis auraient violéla convention au moment
de l'arrestation de M. Walter LaGrand en n'avertissant pas les agents
consulaires allemands de l'événement.De fait, ces derniers n'ont étéIn fact, the German consular officiais were not aware of the situation
until 1992and only learned of it from Mr. Walter LaGrand himself.
4. What did Germany ask the Court to decide in its request for the
indication of provisional measures of protection of 2 March 1999?Ger-
many asked mainly for a decision relating to Mr. Walter LaGrand's per-
sonal situation, namely, his pending execution by the competent authori-
ties of the State of Arizona, which Germany did not attempt to deal with
until yesterday.
Germany requested the restoration of the status quo ante. However, if
consular contact had occurred at the time of Mr. Walter LaGrand's

arrest or detention, the judicial procedure in the United States domestic
courts relating to his case would have been no different.

5. 1 would like to turn to some general issues relating to provisional
measures. First, as a general rule, provisional measures are granted in
order to preserve rights of States exposed toan imminent breach which is
irreparable and these rights of States must be those to be considered at
the merits stage of the case, and must constitute the subject-matter of the
application instituting proceedings or be directly related to it. In this
case, however, there is no question of such rights(of States parties), as
provided for by the Vienna Convention, being exposed to an imminent
irreparable breach.
1 would like to reiterate that the request for the indication of provi-

sional measures must essentially be related to the application instituting
proceedings presented by the State. The fact that the United States failed
to notify the German consular authorities of the arrest, detention and
trial of Mr. Walter LaGrand and that Germany did not until yesterday
take steps before this Court, is not - however much it may appear to be
- directly related to the imminent execution of that German national.
The purpose of provisional measures is to preserve the rights of States
ex~osed to an imminent breach which is irre~arable.
5. If the request in the present case had no; been granted, the Applica-
tion itself would have become meaningless. If that had been the case,
then 1would have had no hesitation in pointing out that the request for
provisional measures should not be used to ensure that the main Applica-
tion continues. In addition, the request for provisional measures should

not be used byapplicantsfor the purpose of obtaining interim judgments
that would affirm their own rights and predetermine the main case.

If the Court intervenes directlyin the fate of an individual, this would
mean some departure from the function of the principal judicial organ of
the United Nations, which is essentially a tribunal set up to settle inter-
State disputes concerning the rights and duties of States. 1fervently hope
that this case will not set a precedent in the history of the Court.

While 1consider that the International Court of Justice should be uti-informés de la situation qu'en 1992, et ce uniquement par M. Walter
LaGrand lui-même.
4. Quelle est la décision que l'Allemagne demande à la Cour de
prendre dans sa demande en indication de mesures conservatoires du
2 mars 1999? L'Allemagne la prieprincipalement de statuer sur la situa-
tion personnelle de M. Walter LaGrand, a savoir son exécution immi-
nente par les autorités compétentes de 1'Etatde l'Arizona, dont jusqu'à

hier l'Allemagne n'a pas cherché à s'occuper.
L'Allemagne a demandéle rétablissementdu statu quo ante. Or, si les
autoritésconsulairesavaient pu entrer en communication avec M. Walter
LaGrand à l'époquede son arrestation ou de sa détention, la procédure
judiciaire dans cette affaire devant les tribunaux internes des Etats-Unis
n'aurait pas été différente.
5. Je voudrais maintenant aborder certaines questions générales
concernant lesmesures conservatoires. Tout d'abord, des mesures conser-
vatoires sont généralementindiquées pour sauvegarder des droits des
Etats exposésa un risque imminent de violation irréparable et ces droits
des Etats doivent êtreceux qui seront examinéslors de la phase du fond

et doivent constituer l'objet de la requête introductive d'instance ou se
rapporter directement à celle-ci.Or, en l'espèce, cdroits(d'Etats parties)
visésdans la convention de Vienne ne sont nullement exposés à un risque
de violation imminente irréparable.
Je tiensà rappeler que la demande en indication de mesures conserva-
toires doit essentiellement êtreliée à la requête introductive d'instance
présentéepar 1'Etat.Le fait que les Etats-Unis n'aient pas averti les auto-
ritésconsulaires allemandes de l'arrestation, de la détentionet du procès
de M. Walter LaGrand et que l'Allemagne n'ait pas saisi la Cour avant
hier n'est pas- quoiqu'il puisse paraître- directement liéà l'exécution

imminente de ce ressortissant allemand. L'obiet des mesures conserva-
toires est de sauvegarder lesdroits des Etats exposés à un risque immi-
nent de violation irréparable.
6. S'il n'avait pas étéfait droit a la demande en l'espèce, larequête
elle-mêmeaurait été vidéd ee tout son sens. Je n'aurais alorspas hésité en
pareil cas à faire observer qu'on ne saurait se servir d'une demande en
indication de mesures conservatoires pour permettre a la requêteprinci-
pale de suivre son cours. De plus, des demandeurs ne devraient pas se
servir de la demande en indication de mesures conservatoires pour obte-
nir des décisionsinterlocutoires qui confirmeraient leur propres droits et
préjugeraient la décisiondans l'instance principale.

Intervenir directement dans le sort d'un individu reviendrait pour la
Cour à s'écarterdans une certaine mesure de sa fonction d'organe judi-
ciaire principal de l'organisation des Nations Unies, qui est essentielle-
ment celle d'une juridiction crééepour réglerles différendsopposant les
Etats au sujet de leurs droits et de leurs obligations. J'espèreardemment
que la présente affaire ne créerapas un précédentdans l'histoire de la
Cour.
Tout en considérantqu'il devrait être faitplus fréquemment appel à lalized more frequently in the world, 1cannot condone the use of the Court
for such matters as the above under the pretext of the protection of
human rights.
7. 1 have thus explained why 1formed the view that, given the funda-
mental nature of provisional measures, those measures should not have
been indicated upon Germany's request. 1 reiterate and emphasize that
1 voted in favour of the Order solely for humanitarian reasons.

(Signed) Shigeru ODA.Cour internationale de Justice, je ne saurais admettre qu'on la saisisse de
questions comme celles que je viens d'aborder sous le prétexte de pro-
tégerles droits de l'homme.
7. Ce sont là les raisons qui m'ont conduità penser qu'il n'y avait pas
lieu d'indiquer les mesures conservatoires demandées par l'Allemagne eu
égard au caractère fondamental de telles mesures. Je le rappelle avec

force, si j'ai votéen faveur de l'ordonnance, c'est uniquement pour des
motifs humanitaires.

(Signé ) Shigeru ODA.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Declaration of Judge Oda

Links