Separate Opinion of Vice-President Nagendra Singh

Document Number
062-19760911-ORD-01-02-EN
Parent Document Number
062-19760911-ORD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

SEPARATE OPINION OF
VICE-PRESIDENT NAGENDRA SINGH

While subscribing to the Court's Order in this particular case, in which
it has declined to exerciseits powersunder Article 41 of its Statute, 1find
it necessary to emphasize the primordial importance which the juris-
dictional issue would have acquired, had the Court found that the
circumstanceswarranted theindication ofinterim measures. The necessity
of competencehas an inescapablerole in any legal régimeassociatedwith
a tribunal's exercise of the extraordinary power of dispensation whereby
it may grant interim measures of protection. This would particularly
appear to be so when the respondent is not present before the Court but
has in a written statement challenged its jurisdiction and has invoked
Article 36, paragraph 6, of the Statute, thus creating circumstances en-
visaged by Article 53. The burden on the Court to satisfyitself about its
own competence becomes much more important if in such circumstances
it wishes to contemplate the granting of inte~immeasures of protection.
The Court must then feel a higher degree of satisfaction as to its own
competence than can be derived from the positive but cursory test of
"prima facie" jurisdiction or the negative test of "no manifest lack" of

jurisdiction. The essenceof the matter is that if the Court is taking action
affectingthe rights of eitherparty, even by way of freezingthem, it should
do so only after reaching a point of satisfaction in regard to its own
competence which comprises a clear and distinct possibility of the Court
proceeding to render judgment in the case. The purpose of the entire
exerciseof protecting the rights of the parties pendentelite is to be able to
implement the Court's judgment when it cornes. The acid test of the
Court's competence,therefore, is that thejudgment must be within clear
prospect. This positive test of satisfactionas to distinctpossibilityappears
necessary if the Court is to avoid the regrettable prospect of granting
interim measures and then finding later that it cannot ever proceed to
judgment in the case. Even though there is the admitted factor of urgency
attending the request for interim measures, 1 feel that the Court has
nevertheless to spend the time needed to reach that point of satisfaction
as to its own prospective competence prior to exercise of powers under
Article 41ofits Statute.
So far as this particular case is concerned, the Court has not found the
required circumstances to exist which would warrant the exercise of its

powers under Article 41. Hence the question of its own competence, at
this stage,does not ariseas it wouldhave if it had sought to exercisethosepowers. In the latter event it is my assessmentthat a strict application of
the test of the Court's competence in terms of a distinct possibility of
jurisdiction, would be necessaryandjustified.

(SignedNAGENDR AINGH.

Bilingual Content

SEPARATE OPINION OF
VICE-PRESIDENT NAGENDRA SINGH

While subscribing to the Court's Order in this particular case, in which
it has declined to exerciseits powersunder Article 41 of its Statute, 1find
it necessary to emphasize the primordial importance which the juris-
dictional issue would have acquired, had the Court found that the
circumstanceswarranted theindication ofinterim measures. The necessity
of competencehas an inescapablerole in any legal régimeassociatedwith
a tribunal's exercise of the extraordinary power of dispensation whereby
it may grant interim measures of protection. This would particularly
appear to be so when the respondent is not present before the Court but
has in a written statement challenged its jurisdiction and has invoked
Article 36, paragraph 6, of the Statute, thus creating circumstances en-
visaged by Article 53. The burden on the Court to satisfyitself about its
own competence becomes much more important if in such circumstances
it wishes to contemplate the granting of inte~immeasures of protection.
The Court must then feel a higher degree of satisfaction as to its own
competence than can be derived from the positive but cursory test of
"prima facie" jurisdiction or the negative test of "no manifest lack" of

jurisdiction. The essenceof the matter is that if the Court is taking action
affectingthe rights of eitherparty, even by way of freezingthem, it should
do so only after reaching a point of satisfaction in regard to its own
competence which comprises a clear and distinct possibility of the Court
proceeding to render judgment in the case. The purpose of the entire
exerciseof protecting the rights of the parties pendentelite is to be able to
implement the Court's judgment when it cornes. The acid test of the
Court's competence,therefore, is that thejudgment must be within clear
prospect. This positive test of satisfactionas to distinctpossibilityappears
necessary if the Court is to avoid the regrettable prospect of granting
interim measures and then finding later that it cannot ever proceed to
judgment in the case. Even though there is the admitted factor of urgency
attending the request for interim measures, 1 feel that the Court has
nevertheless to spend the time needed to reach that point of satisfaction
as to its own prospective competence prior to exercise of powers under
Article 41ofits Statute.
So far as this particular case is concerned, the Court has not found the
required circumstances to exist which would warrant the exercise of its

powers under Article 41. Hence the question of its own competence, at
this stage,does not ariseas it wouldhave if it had sought to exercisethose OPINION INDIVIDUELLE DE M. NAGENDRA SINGH,
VICE-PRÉSIDENT

[Traduction]

Tout en souscrivant pleinement à l'ordonnance rendue par la Cour en
l'espèce,dans laquelle elle se refuse exercer ses pouvoirs en vertu de
l'article41du Statut, je crois nécessairede souligner l'importance primor-
diale qu'aurait revêtule problème de la compétence si la Cour avait

conclu que les circonstances justifiaient l'octroi de mesures conserva-
toires. La nécessitdela compétenceestinéluctabledans tout mécanisme
juridique concernant l'exercice, par un tribunal, du pouvoir extraordi-
naire quilui permetd'accorder desmesures conservatoires. Il semblequ'il
en soit particulièrement ainsi quand le défendeur ne se présente pas
devant la Cour mais conteste par une communication écrite sa compé-
tence et invoque l'article 36, paragraphe 6, du Statut, créant ainsi la
situation qu'envisagel'article 53. Le devoir de la Cour de s'assurer de sa
propre compétenceprend alors une importance beaucoup plus grande si,
en pareille circonstance, elle envisage d'indiquer des mesures conserva-
toires. La Cour doit alors avoir une conviction plus nette de sa compé-
tence que celle que pourrait lui procurer le critère positif mais assez
rapide de la juridictionrima facie ou le critère négatif qu'iln'y a pas
«absence manifeste» de juridiction. Le point essentiel est que, si la Cour
prend des mesures qui affectent les droits de l'une ou l'autre partie, ne
serait-ce qu'en les «gelant», elle ne doit agir de cette manière que si,

touchant sa propre compétence,il lui paraît exister une possibilité dis-
tincte qu'elle puisse parvenir statuer en l'espèce.L'objet mêmede la
protection des droits des partiesndente lite est de permettre l'exécution
de l'arrêtfutur. La pierre de touche est donc la perspective véritabled'un
arrêt.Ce critèrepositif de la conviction d'une possibilitéréellede compé-
tence parait donc s'imposer si la Cour ne veut pas se trouver dans la
situation fâcheuse d'avoir accordédesmesures conservatoireset de cons-
tater par la suite qu'elle ne statuera jamais sur le fond de l'affaire. Bien
qu'une demande de mesures conservatoires ait certes un caractère d'ur-
gence,j'estimeque la Cour doit prendre le temps nécessairepour s'assurer
suffisammentde sa compétencefuture avant d'exercerlespouvoirsquelui
confèrel'article1deson Statut.

En la présenteespècela Cour n'a pas constaté que les circonstances
exigent l'exercicedes pouvoirs qu'elletient de l'article 41, de sorte que la
question de sa compétence àce stade ne se pose pas comme elle l'aurait

fait dans l'hypothèse inverse.Dans cettedernièrehypothèseje suisferme-powers. In the latter event it is my assessmentthat a strict application of
the test of the Court's competence in terms of a distinct possibility of
jurisdiction, would be necessaryandjustified.

(SignedNAGENDR AINGH.ment d'avis qu'uneapplication stricte du critère de compétence de la
Cour consistant àdéterminersicelle-cireprésenteunepossibilitédistincte
seraitnécessaireetjustifiée.

(SignN)AGENDR SINGH.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Separate Opinion of Vice-President Nagendra Singh

Links