Dissenting Opinion of Judge Gros (translation)

Document Number
055-19730712-ORD-01-02-EN
Parent Document Number
055-19730712-ORD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

DISSEN'TING OPINION OF JUDGE GROS

[Translation]

The Order of 12 Yuly 1973 purely and simply confirms the interim
measures of protecticln indicated by the Courtin its Order of 17August
1972, pending the judgment on the merits of the case instituted by the
Application of 12April 1972.Having adopted a different position 1 feel 1
should briefly state my reasons for doing so. It is Article 41 of the Statute
and Article 61 of the 1946 Rules of Court which determine the juris-
diction of the Court in the present proceedings, and 1 would have

preferred Article 61, lparagraphs 7 and 8, of the Rules, providing for the
possible modificatiori of existing provisional measures, to have been
differently applied.

One need only observe that the circumstances in which the Court made
its decision in August 1972areno longer exactly the same, whether on the
plane of facts or on that of the respective subjects of complaint, to realize
the case for the Court's re-appraisingthose circumstances before deciding
to confirm measures which, according to the terms of Article 41 of the
Statute, had been indicated because the Court considered that "circum-
stances" so required. The Government of the United Kingdom, by a
letter of 22 June 1973, requested the Court to confirm the measures of
August 1972;the Government of Iceland, by a telegram dated 2July 1973,
recalled its protests aganst the indication of measures in August 1972and

against their continuance in force. There is therefore a categorical
opposition of views cbnthat point, and the telegram of the Government
of Iceland makes certain points which might wellbe studied, including the
argument that "the Court by endeavouring to freeze the present danger-
ous situation is completely ignoring the scientific and economic facts of
the case".
The position adopi.ed by Iceland ever since the beginning of the case
has remained unchanged, and the Court took note of it in paragraph 12
of its Judgment of 2 February 1973on the question ofjurisdiction, when
it based itself onrticle 53 of the Statute and decided that in the absence
of Iceland the Court should examine any possible objections against its
jurisdiction. Article 53 having formally been taken into consideration in
the phase devoted to the jurisdictional issue,1find it very artificial to go
back on that positior~in the present stage of the proceedings. Iceland is
still failing to appear, and the legal effectsof that fact ought, according to
Article 53, to be the same as at the moment of the Judgment on the FISHERIESJURISDICTION (DISS .P. GROS) 307

question of jurisdiction. Without its being necessary to enquire into the
effect of the telegram of 2 July in which the Icelandic Government pro-
tested against the continuance of the interim measures, it is to my mind

impossible to maintain that the Court did not have to carry out an
examination proprio motu of its own role in regard to interim measures.
The Court seems to consider that Article 53 of the Statute can be inter-
preted in such a way as to penalize the absent State; 1regard that inter-
pretation as erroneous. But in any case, and quite apart fromthe question
of the absence frorn the proceedings of the Government of Iceland, a
hearing ought to have been held and the necessary questions put to the
Applicant; Article 61 of the Rules provides precisely for that possibility
of verifyingany arguments of whichthe Court may have cognizance-and
the Court had been advised that the Applicant wasprepared to attend a
hearing, and was ready at any time to submit such observations asthe
Court might wish tcirequest.
Furthermore, the following statement was made on behalf of the

British Government inthe House of Commons on 12June 1973 :
"Her Majesty's Government, in a letter of 28th May, drew the
attention of the President and members of the Security Council to
the serious situation created by the continued and intensified
Icelandic harassrnent of British trawlers. The International Court of
Justice, which is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations,
is already seizedof the dispute; and for this reason it is not at present

appropriate to ask the Security Council to take action." (Hansard,
Houseof Cornmons,p. 302.)
Here the accent is placed on the responsibility of the Court in taking
account of the situation which was described in detail in a White Book
entitled FisheriesDispute between the United Kingdom and Iceland: 14
Ju(v 1971 to 19 May 1973(Cmnd. 5341),and more particularly in para-
graphs 12, 13and 114and in Annexes E and F, laid before the United

Kingdom Parliament in June 1973.There was no dearth of information
preventing an examination of the situation at the moment when the Court
was called upon to pronounce upon the question of interim measures.
The Court is aware:that both of the interested States accuse each other
of employing force with a view to exercising the respective rights which
they claim (on this point, cf. the letter addressed on 28 May 1973to the
President of the Security Council by the United Kingdom Permanent
Delegation-S/10936, paras. 1,3,4 and 6-and theletter ofthe Permanent
Delegation of Iceland dated 29 May 1973-S/10937, paras. 1, 2, 3 and 8.
The various incidents were also listed in Annexes E and F of the White
Book).
The continuance of interim measures, like their indication in the first
place, is justified'by the concern to safeguard rights-not economic
interests, but the rights which the Court may recognize in its judgment

on the merits (Order, para. 8). 1 have some doubt as to the justification
for giving a decision whichconfirms interim measures without re-apprais-al when, inthe present case, the Court cannot be unaware that the dispute
has been aggravated since its first Order (cf. the White Book of June
1973,paras. 12-17,and the Annexes above referred to) and that the most
effectivemethod of settling the dispute would be to pass judgment on the
merits as soon as possible. As interim measures serve only to protect
rights, urgency attaches not only to deciding upon such measures but
also to settling the dispute. When, by its Order of 15 February 1973,the

Court fixed a time-limit of six months for the Memorial of the United
Kingdom and a further time-limit, as distant as 15 January 1974, for a
possible Counter-Memorial of Iceland, its decision was underlain by the
same preoccupations as paragraph 6 of the present Order, namely by
concern to leave open to the interested States the possibility of "reaching
an interim arrangement pending final settlement of the dispute". But the
outcome of specifyirig such time-limits is that a case which began in
April 1972cannot be settled for two years, on account of the Court's own
decisions as to the calendar of the proceedings.
The fixing of tirne:-limits is a useful element in the conduct of pro-
ceedings before the Court and enables, within limits, a certain influence
to be exerted for the:sake of good administration of justice. Each case
gives rise to its own particular problem in that respect. Concerning the
present case 1 betieve it may be said that, in fixing such lengthy time-
limits, the Court has neglected one possible effect of its being seised with
the case, when it had just declared,almost unanimously, that it possessed

jurisdiction. An international tribunal has always a preventive role-and,
as often asnot, has n'oneother. In the present case, if the interested States
had been conscious of the fact that their dispute would be settled by
judicial decision at a relatively early date, that might have given them
some incentive to conclude the dispute by other means, if still possible.
This raises the general question of the relationship between two modes of
peaceful settlement of international disputes, namely negotiation and
judicial settlement, but there is no cal1for me to go into that here. To
assist understanding of the course of the proceedings with regard to
interim measures, from the request of 17July 1972upto today's decision,
1 need only say that iinmy viewa tribunal ought not to be over-influenced
in the exercise of itsunctions by the course followed by the other mode,
that of negotiation. The Permanent Court of International Justice had
realized al1that from the beginning. In the Order which he made on 15
February 1927 in the case concerning Denirnciation of the Treaty of

November 2nd, 1865, between China andBelgium, President Max Huber
said :
"Considering that measures of protection, indicated by the Court
as being for piirely legal reasons rendered necessary by circum-
stances, cannot be dependent, as regards their applicability, upon
the position of negotiations that may be in progress between the
Parties" (P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 8, p. 11).

While 1am mindful of the different circumstances of the present case, FISHElilESJURISDICTION(DISS. OP. GROS) 309

it seemsto me that this dictum is still valid as a principle calling for appli-
cation by the Court. The institution of proceedings before the Court is
an act stemming from the foreign policy of the State, and that aspect of

the matter does not concern the judge at all; conversely, negotiations on
the subject of the dispute are not part of the proceedings. The Court does
not have to draw any conclusion from them in exercising its judicial
function for so long as the negotiations have not resulted in an agreement
between the parties on the basis of which a request for discontinuance is
submitted in conforrnity with Articles 68 and 69 of the Rules of Court.
If in given circumstacices States find the conduct of their negotiations
rendered difficult by the Court's procedural decisions, particularly in
regard to time-limits, it is up to them to make those difficultiesknown.
In each case the Court, in directing the proceedings, must seek out the
most satisfactory maninerof fulfillingitsjudicial role; taking the circum-
stances as a whole, it seems to me that in the present case the passage of

time is not necessarily a favourable factor and that, in any event, the
Court's decision should have been preceded by an examination of al1the
prevailing circumstanc:es,with the assistance of the Applicant.
Such an examination, which would have brought the Agent for the
Government of the United Kindom before the Court, would likewise
have afforded an oppo,rtunity of deciding whether a new time-limit ought
to be fixed for the proceedings on the nlerits, in application of Article 37
of the Rules and taking Article 53of the Statute into account.

(Signed) André GROS.

Bilingual Content

OPINION DISSIDENTE DE M. GROS

L'ordonnance du 12juillet 1973confirme purement et simplement les
mesures conservatoires indiquées par la Cour dans son ordonnance du
17 août 1972, jusqu'à l'arrêtsur le fond de I'affaire introduite par la
requêtedu 12avril 1972.Ayant pris une position différentejedois en dire
brièvement les raisons. L'article 41 du Statut et I'article 61 du Règlement
dela Cour (1946) déterminent la juridiction de la Cour dans la présente
procédure et j'aurais souhaité une application différentede I'article 61,
paragraphes 7 et 8, du Règlement qui prévoitl'éventualité de la modifica-
tion par la Courde mesures conservatoires déjàindiquées.

11suffit de constater que les circonstances dans lesquelles la Cour s'est
prononcée en août 1972 ne sont plus exactement les mêmes,tant sur le
plan des faits que sur celui des griefs réciproques,pour voir l'intérêt d'un
réexamende ces circonstances par la Cour avant de déciderla confirma-
tion des mesures qui, selon les termes de I'article 41 du Statut, avaient été
indiquéesparce que la Cour avait estiméque les «circonstances» I'exi-
geaient. Le Gouvernement du Royaume-Uni, par lettre du 22 juin 1973,
demandait àla Cour confirmation des mesures d'août 1972;le Gouverne-
ment de l'Islande, par télégrammedu 2 juillet 1973,rappelait ses protes-
tations contre l'indication demesures en août 1972etcontre leur maintien
en vigueur. Il ya donc une opposition formelle de vues sur ce point et le
télégrammedu Gouvernement de l'Islande contient certains éléments
u
susceptibles d'examen, notamment l'argument que «la Cour, en s'ef-
forçantde cristalliser la situation dangereuse actuelle, ne tient absolument
aucun compte des faits scientifiqueset économiquesde l'affaire ..».

La position prise par l'Islande depuis ledébutde l'affaire n'apas changé
et la Cour en a pris acte dans son arrêtdu 2 février 1973sur la compé-
tence, au paragraphe 12, en se fondant sur I'article 53 du Statut et en
décidantque l'absence de l'Islande amenait la Cour à examiner les objec-
tions possibles à sa propre compétence. L'article 53 ayant étéformelle-
ment pris en considération dans la phase de l'examen de la compétence
il me paraît très artificiel de revenir sur cette position dans la procédure
actuelle. Le défaut de l'Islande persiste et ses effets juridiques selon
I'article 53 doivent êtreles mêmesqu'au moment de l'arrêtsur la com-
pétence.Sans qu'il soit nécessairede rechercher l'effetdu télégrammedu DISSEN'TING OPINION OF JUDGE GROS

[Translation]

The Order of 12 Yuly 1973 purely and simply confirms the interim
measures of protecticln indicated by the Courtin its Order of 17August
1972, pending the judgment on the merits of the case instituted by the
Application of 12April 1972.Having adopted a different position 1 feel 1
should briefly state my reasons for doing so. It is Article 41 of the Statute
and Article 61 of the 1946 Rules of Court which determine the juris-
diction of the Court in the present proceedings, and 1 would have

preferred Article 61, lparagraphs 7 and 8, of the Rules, providing for the
possible modificatiori of existing provisional measures, to have been
differently applied.

One need only observe that the circumstances in which the Court made
its decision in August 1972areno longer exactly the same, whether on the
plane of facts or on that of the respective subjects of complaint, to realize
the case for the Court's re-appraisingthose circumstances before deciding
to confirm measures which, according to the terms of Article 41 of the
Statute, had been indicated because the Court considered that "circum-
stances" so required. The Government of the United Kingdom, by a
letter of 22 June 1973, requested the Court to confirm the measures of
August 1972;the Government of Iceland, by a telegram dated 2July 1973,
recalled its protests aganst the indication of measures in August 1972and

against their continuance in force. There is therefore a categorical
opposition of views cbnthat point, and the telegram of the Government
of Iceland makes certain points which might wellbe studied, including the
argument that "the Court by endeavouring to freeze the present danger-
ous situation is completely ignoring the scientific and economic facts of
the case".
The position adopi.ed by Iceland ever since the beginning of the case
has remained unchanged, and the Court took note of it in paragraph 12
of its Judgment of 2 February 1973on the question ofjurisdiction, when
it based itself onrticle 53 of the Statute and decided that in the absence
of Iceland the Court should examine any possible objections against its
jurisdiction. Article 53 having formally been taken into consideration in
the phase devoted to the jurisdictional issue,1find it very artificial to go
back on that positior~in the present stage of the proceedings. Iceland is
still failing to appear, and the legal effectsof that fact ought, according to
Article 53, to be the same as at the moment of the Judgment on theGouvernement de l'Islande en date du 2juillet protestant contre le main-
tien des mesures conservatoires, il me semble impossible de soutenir que
la Cour ne devait pas procéder d'office à un examen de son propre rôle
en matière de mesures conservatoires. La Cour semble considérer que
l'article 53 du Statut peut être interprété dmanière à sanctionner 1'Etat
absent; je tiens cette interprétation pour erronée.Mais, de toute manière,
et en dehors de la question de l'absence du Gouvernement de l'Islande
dans la procédure, ileût fallu tenir audience et poser les questions néces-
saires au demandeur; l'article 61 du Règlementprévoitprécisémentcette
possibilité de contrôler toute argumentation dont la Cour peut avoir

connaissance. Or la Cour était prévenue quele demandeur était prêt à se
présenter à une audience, et disposé à tout moment à présentertoutes les
observations que la Cour pourrait lui demander.

Par ailleurs le Gouvernement du Royaume-Uni a déclaréle 12 juin
1973au Parlement :

cHer Majesty's Government, in a letter of 28th May, drew the
attention of the President and members of the Security Council to
the serioiis situation created by the continiied and intensified Ice-
landic harassment of British trawlers. The International Court of
Justice, which is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations,
is already seized of the dispute; and for this reason it is not at pre-
sent appropriate to ask the Security Council to take action ))(Hans-
ard, House of Cornmons, p. 302.)

L'accent est mis sur la responsabilité de la Cour en tenant compte de
la situation qui a été décriten détaildans un livre blanc, ((Différendsur
les pêcheriesentre le Royaume-Uni et l'Islande - 14juillet 1971au 19
mai 1973~(Cmnd. 5341), notamment aux paragraphes 12, 13,et 14aux
annexes E et F, présentéau Parlement britannique en juin 1973. Ce ne
sont pas lesélémentsd'information qui manquaient pour un examen de la
situation au moment où la Cour était appelée à se prononcer sur la ques-
tion des mesures conservatoires. La Cour sait que l'un et l'autre des Etats

intére~sésse font grief d'utiliser la force pour exercer le droit que chacun
revendique (voir sur ce point la lettre du 28 mai 1973 adresséeau prési-
dent du Conseil de sécuritépar la délégation permanentedu Royaume-
Uni, par. 1-3-4et 6, S/10936, et la lettre du 29 mai 1973de la délégation
permanente de l'Islande, par. 1-2-3et 8, S/10937; les divers incidents ont
étéaussi énuméréd sans lesannexesE et F du livre blanc).

Le maintien des mesures conservatoires, comme leur indication à I'ori-
gine, est justifiépar le souci de sauvegarder des droits, non pas des in-
térêtséconomiques,les droits que la Cour pourrait reconnaître dans son
arrêtsur le fond (par. 8 de l'ordonnance). J'ai desdoutes sur la justifica-

tion d'une décisionconfirmant des mesures conservatoires sans réexamen FISHERIESJURISDICTION (DISS .P. GROS) 307

question of jurisdiction. Without its being necessary to enquire into the
effect of the telegram of 2 July in which the Icelandic Government pro-
tested against the continuance of the interim measures, it is to my mind

impossible to maintain that the Court did not have to carry out an
examination proprio motu of its own role in regard to interim measures.
The Court seems to consider that Article 53 of the Statute can be inter-
preted in such a way as to penalize the absent State; 1regard that inter-
pretation as erroneous. But in any case, and quite apart fromthe question
of the absence frorn the proceedings of the Government of Iceland, a
hearing ought to have been held and the necessary questions put to the
Applicant; Article 61 of the Rules provides precisely for that possibility
of verifyingany arguments of whichthe Court may have cognizance-and
the Court had been advised that the Applicant wasprepared to attend a
hearing, and was ready at any time to submit such observations asthe
Court might wish tcirequest.
Furthermore, the following statement was made on behalf of the

British Government inthe House of Commons on 12June 1973 :
"Her Majesty's Government, in a letter of 28th May, drew the
attention of the President and members of the Security Council to
the serious situation created by the continued and intensified
Icelandic harassrnent of British trawlers. The International Court of
Justice, which is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations,
is already seizedof the dispute; and for this reason it is not at present

appropriate to ask the Security Council to take action." (Hansard,
Houseof Cornmons,p. 302.)
Here the accent is placed on the responsibility of the Court in taking
account of the situation which was described in detail in a White Book
entitled FisheriesDispute between the United Kingdom and Iceland: 14
Ju(v 1971 to 19 May 1973(Cmnd. 5341),and more particularly in para-
graphs 12, 13and 114and in Annexes E and F, laid before the United

Kingdom Parliament in June 1973.There was no dearth of information
preventing an examination of the situation at the moment when the Court
was called upon to pronounce upon the question of interim measures.
The Court is aware:that both of the interested States accuse each other
of employing force with a view to exercising the respective rights which
they claim (on this point, cf. the letter addressed on 28 May 1973to the
President of the Security Council by the United Kingdom Permanent
Delegation-S/10936, paras. 1,3,4 and 6-and theletter ofthe Permanent
Delegation of Iceland dated 29 May 1973-S/10937, paras. 1, 2, 3 and 8.
The various incidents were also listed in Annexes E and F of the White
Book).
The continuance of interim measures, like their indication in the first
place, is justified'by the concern to safeguard rights-not economic
interests, but the rights which the Court may recognize in its judgment

on the merits (Order, para. 8). 1 have some doubt as to the justification
for giving a decision whichconfirms interim measures without re-apprais-alors que, dans l'affaire actuelle,la Cour ne peut ignorer que le différend
s'est aggravédepuis sa première ordonnance (cf. le livre blanc de juin
1973,par. 12 à 17et les annexes citées)et que la méthode derèglementdu
différendla plus efficaceserait de le juger au fond le plus tôt possible.
Les mesures conservatoires n'étantutiles que pour protégerdes droits
l'urgence n'estpas seulement de déciderces mesures mais de réglerle
différend.Lorsque la Cour fixa par ordonnance du 15février1973un
délaide six mois pour le mémoiredu Royaume-Uni et un autre délai
jusqu'au 15janvier 1974pour un contre-mémoireéventuelde l'Islande,
sadécisions'inspiraitdes mêmes préoccupationsque leparagraphe 6de la
présenteordonnance, c'est-à-diredu souci de laisser aux Etats intéressés
la possibilitéde ((parvenir à un arrangement provisoire en attendant le
règlement définitifdu différend)). Maisle résultat de ces fixations est
qu'une affaire commencée en avril1972ne pourra êtreréglée avantdeux

ans, cecien raison des délais décidépsar la Cour.

La fixation des délais est un élément utildeans la direction du procès
devant la Cour et permet d'exercer unecertaine influence,qui a seslimi-
tes, pour une bonne administration de la justice. Chaque affaire pose un
problème particulier à cet égard.De la présente affaireje crois possible
de direque, en fixant d'aussi longs délais,la Cour a négligéun effetpos-
sible de sa saisine alors qu'elle venait, presquel'unanimité,de déclarer
qu'elle étaitcompétente. Le juge international a toujours - et le plus
souvent seulement - un rôle préventif.Dans le cas présentle fait que les
Etats intéresséasuraient su qu'àune date relativementproche unedécision
juridictionnelle réglerait leur différenaurait pu êtreun motif pour eux
de mettre fin àce différendpar d'autres moyens, si cela étaitencore pos-
sible. Ceci soulèvela question générale desrapports entre deux modes de
règlement pacifique des différends internationaux - la négociationet le

règlementjudiciaire - et il n'ya pas lieu de la traiter ici. Pour la compré-
hension du déroulement dela procédurede mesuresconservatoiresdepuis
lademandedu 17juillet 1972jusqu'a la décisiond'aujourd'huiilme suffira
de dire que le juge ne devrait pas, selon moi, êtretrop influencédans
l'exercicede sa fonction par le déroulement de l'autre mode, la négo-
ciation. Tout ceci avait étévu, dèsles origines, par la Cour permanente
de Justice internationale.
Le PrésidentMax Huber déclaraitdans son ordonnance du 15février
1927(Dénonciation du traitésino-belgedu 2 novembre1856, C.P.J.I. série
An08,p. Il):

((Considérant que des mesures conservatoires indiquéespar la
Cour comme étant, pour des raisons juridiques, rendues nécessaires
par les circonstances,,ne sauraient pour leur applicabilité,dépendre
de l'état desnégociations éventuellemenetn coursentre les Parties.»

Tout en tenant compte des circonstances différentesde l'espèceil meal when, inthe present case, the Court cannot be unaware that the dispute
has been aggravated since its first Order (cf. the White Book of June
1973,paras. 12-17,and the Annexes above referred to) and that the most
effectivemethod of settling the dispute would be to pass judgment on the
merits as soon as possible. As interim measures serve only to protect
rights, urgency attaches not only to deciding upon such measures but
also to settling the dispute. When, by its Order of 15 February 1973,the

Court fixed a time-limit of six months for the Memorial of the United
Kingdom and a further time-limit, as distant as 15 January 1974, for a
possible Counter-Memorial of Iceland, its decision was underlain by the
same preoccupations as paragraph 6 of the present Order, namely by
concern to leave open to the interested States the possibility of "reaching
an interim arrangement pending final settlement of the dispute". But the
outcome of specifyirig such time-limits is that a case which began in
April 1972cannot be settled for two years, on account of the Court's own
decisions as to the calendar of the proceedings.
The fixing of tirne:-limits is a useful element in the conduct of pro-
ceedings before the Court and enables, within limits, a certain influence
to be exerted for the:sake of good administration of justice. Each case
gives rise to its own particular problem in that respect. Concerning the
present case 1 betieve it may be said that, in fixing such lengthy time-
limits, the Court has neglected one possible effect of its being seised with
the case, when it had just declared,almost unanimously, that it possessed

jurisdiction. An international tribunal has always a preventive role-and,
as often asnot, has n'oneother. In the present case, if the interested States
had been conscious of the fact that their dispute would be settled by
judicial decision at a relatively early date, that might have given them
some incentive to conclude the dispute by other means, if still possible.
This raises the general question of the relationship between two modes of
peaceful settlement of international disputes, namely negotiation and
judicial settlement, but there is no cal1for me to go into that here. To
assist understanding of the course of the proceedings with regard to
interim measures, from the request of 17July 1972upto today's decision,
1 need only say that iinmy viewa tribunal ought not to be over-influenced
in the exercise of itsunctions by the course followed by the other mode,
that of negotiation. The Permanent Court of International Justice had
realized al1that from the beginning. In the Order which he made on 15
February 1927 in the case concerning Denirnciation of the Treaty of

November 2nd, 1865, between China andBelgium, President Max Huber
said :
"Considering that measures of protection, indicated by the Court
as being for piirely legal reasons rendered necessary by circum-
stances, cannot be dependent, as regards their applicability, upon
the position of negotiations that may be in progress between the
Parties" (P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 8, p. 11).

While 1am mindful of the different circumstances of the present case,parait que ce prononcé est toujours valable en tant que principe appli-
cable par la Cour. L'engagement d'un procèsdevant la Cour est un acte
relevant de la politique étrangèrede1'Etatet cet aspect des choses ne re-
lève en riendu juge; de même une négociation sur l'objet du litige ne fait

pas partie du procès. La Cour n'est pas tenue d'en déduiredes consé-
quences dans l'exercicede sa fonction judiciaire tant que la négociation
n'a pas abouti à un accord des parties sur la base duquel un désistement
serait demandé conformément auxarticles 68 et 69 du Règlement.Si les
Etats se trouvaient, dans des circonstances données, mis en difficulté
pour la conduite de leurs négociationspar certaines décisionsde procé-
dure prises par la Cour, notamment sur les délais,c'estàeux qu'il appar-
tient de faire connaître ces difficultés.
Dans chaque affaire, par la direction du procès,la Cour doit rechercher
la manière la plus satisfaisante pour remplir son rôle juridictionnel; en
l'espèceil me semble, vu l'ensemble des circonstances, que l'attente n'est
pas nécessairement un facteur favorable et que, de toute manière, la
décisionde la Cour eût dû êtreprécédéd e'un examendetoutes lescircons-
tances du moment avecleconcoursdu demandeur.
A l'occasion de cet examen qui eût amenél'agent du Gouvernement du
Royaume-Uni devant la Cour, il eût étépossible égalementde décidersi
un délai nouveau devaitêtrefixépour laprocéduresur lefond, en applica-
tion de l'article 37 du Règlement et entenant compte de l'article 53 du

Statut.

(SignéA )ndréGROS. FISHElilESJURISDICTION(DISS. OP. GROS) 309

it seemsto me that this dictum is still valid as a principle calling for appli-
cation by the Court. The institution of proceedings before the Court is
an act stemming from the foreign policy of the State, and that aspect of

the matter does not concern the judge at all; conversely, negotiations on
the subject of the dispute are not part of the proceedings. The Court does
not have to draw any conclusion from them in exercising its judicial
function for so long as the negotiations have not resulted in an agreement
between the parties on the basis of which a request for discontinuance is
submitted in conforrnity with Articles 68 and 69 of the Rules of Court.
If in given circumstacices States find the conduct of their negotiations
rendered difficult by the Court's procedural decisions, particularly in
regard to time-limits, it is up to them to make those difficultiesknown.
In each case the Court, in directing the proceedings, must seek out the
most satisfactory maninerof fulfillingitsjudicial role; taking the circum-
stances as a whole, it seems to me that in the present case the passage of

time is not necessarily a favourable factor and that, in any event, the
Court's decision should have been preceded by an examination of al1the
prevailing circumstanc:es,with the assistance of the Applicant.
Such an examination, which would have brought the Agent for the
Government of the United Kindom before the Court, would likewise
have afforded an oppo,rtunity of deciding whether a new time-limit ought
to be fixed for the proceedings on the nlerits, in application of Article 37
of the Rules and taking Article 53of the Statute into account.

(Signed) André GROS.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Dissenting Opinion of Judge Gros (translation)

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