Dissenting opinion of Judge Donoghue

Document Number
124-20110504-JUD-02-05-EN
Parent Document Number
124-20110504-JUD-02-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

414

dISSENTINg OpINION OF JUdgE dONOgHUE

Disagreement with outcome and approach of the Court in rejecting Costa Rica’s
Application to intervene — Cross‑reference to separate dissent regarding
Honduras’s Application to intervene for general discussion of interve▯ntion and
Court’s practice in maritime delimitation cases involving overlapping▯ claims —
Overlap of Costa Rica’s claims with area at issue sufficient to show that Costa
Rica has an interest of a legal nature that “may” be affected — Parties’ opposition
to intervention not dispositive where Article 62 criteria are met.

1. I have dissented from the decision to reject Costa Rica’s Applications
to intervene as a non-party in these proceedings. I part company with the
Court not only as to the result, but also as to its approach to Article 62

of the Statute of the Court.

2. I have also dissented today from the Court’s decision to reject the
Application of Honduras to intervene as a non-party. In part I of my dis -
senting opinion with respect to the Application of Honduras to intervenes

in this case, I address the factors relevant to consideration of an applsica -
tion to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute of the Court and examine
the Court’s practice of protecting third States that “may be affecsted” by
its judgments regarding maritime boundaries. The general conclusions

that I draw in part I of my Honduras opinion also provide a foundation
for the conclusions that I reach in this opinion. Rather than reproducinsg
the same text here, I refer the reader to part I of my Honduras opinion.
3. In part I of my Honduras opinion, I discuss the Court’s practice in
delimitation cases in which the third States may have an interest in thes

area at issue, calling attention in particular to its practice of using direc -
tional arrows to avoid delimiting boundaries in areas in which the rightss
of a third State “may be affected”. I rely on this practice to support my
conclusion that a decision in a case in which the area to be delimited
overlaps (at least in part) an area claimed by a third State “may asffect”

the “interest of a legal nature” of the third State, providing a bsasis for
granting the application of such a third State to intervene under Arti -
cle 62 of the Statute.

4. I turn now to the Application of Costa Rica. The area that Costa
Rica has described as a “minimum area of interest” in the Caribbeasn Sea
overlaps the area at issue in this case, as can be seen on the sketch-map
attached to the Judgment. As that map shows, Costa Rica and Colombia
have agreed to a maritime boundary, pursuant to a treaty that is not in s

70

7 CIJ1019.indb 136 13/06/13 16:02 415 territorial and maristime dispute (diss. op. dosnoghue)

force but that both Costa Rica and Colombia observe in practice. Costa
Rica also has an agreed maritime boundary with panama. On the other

hand, Costa Rica and Nicaragua have no agreed maritime boundary.
Instead, to support its assertion of an “interest of a legal nature”s, Costa
Rica has defined the minimum area to which it asserts a claim vis-à-vis
Nicaragua (based on its calculation of an equidistance line) (CR 2010/12,
pp. 33-40, paras. 4-29 (Lathrop)).

5. At this stage in the proceedings, the Court is not equipped to draw
any conclusions about the likelihood that it would accept the position osf
one party or the other or would establish another line entirely. Thus, to
assess whether its decision in this case “may affect” Costa Rica’ss interest
of a legal nature, it is appropriate for the Court to take into account sthe

claim of each party. The way that a decision in the main proceedings “may
affect” the interest of a legal nature of Costa Rica is especially clsear if one
examines the delimitation proposed by Colombia. As the Court notes,
Colombia has not requested that the Court fix the southern endpoint ofs
the maritime boundary that it is asked to determine (Judgment, para. 88).

The sketch-map shows that the line proposed by Colombia would eventu -
ally intersect with the “minimum area of interest” claimed by Costsa Rica.
6. The Court today does not clearly state whether it concludes that the
overlap of Costa Rica’s claim with the area at issue in the case gives rise
to an “interest of a legal nature”, although I see nothing in the sJudgment

that would call that conclusion into question. The Court appears to
decide, however, that it can protect any such interest of a legal nature by
delimiting the boundary between Colombia and Nicaragua in a manner
that stops short of the area claimed by Costa Rica (ibid., para. 89). The
prospect of protecting Costa Rica’s interests through such means thens
leads the Court to reject Costa Rica’s Application. As I explain in part I

of my Honduras opinion, the expectation that the Court would decline to s
set an endpoint and would instead use a directional arrow does not coun -
sel against intervention, but rather supports the conclusion that there the
third State has an interest of a legal nature that may be affected. Evens
accepting that the Court is equipped to protect the interests of a thirds

State without intervention, Article 62 of the Statute does not require the
applicant for intervention to prove that intervention is the only means by
which the Court can avoid affecting an interest of a legal nature. (Thes
area claimed by Nicaragua also overlaps the area that Costa Rica
describes as its “minimum area of interest”. The line proposed by sNicara -

gua (as shown on the sketch-map) does not intersect with Costa Rica’s
“minimum” area of interest, but a decision by the Court to accept sthe line
proposed by Nicaragua (as between Colombia and Nicaragua) could
have implications for the delimitation of Costa Rica’s boundary with
respect to either or both of the parties.)

7. As discussed in part I of my Honduras opinion, when the Court is
aware of the potential claim of a third State, it has typically affixeds a

71

7 CIJ1019.indb 138 13/06/13 16:02 416 territorial and maristime dispute (diss. op. dosnoghue)

directional arrow at the end of the boundary line to indicate that the psro-
longation of the boundary line established by its decision extends only s

until it reaches the area where the rights or claims of a third State “smay
be affected”. To determine the location of the last turning point ands thus
the location where such a directional arrow should be placed, the Court s
inevitably must assess or estimate the point at which a third State may s
have an interest of a legal nature (i.e., in this case, a claim to maristime

areas that overlaps the area at issue in the case). If the Court does nsot
make that assessment, it risks placing a directional arrow within an aresa
that is subject to claim by a third State. This could be seen to prejudgse the
delimitation of an area as between the third State and one or both of thse
parties, neither of which may be entitled to the area vis-à-vis the third
State.

8. Thus, I conclude that Costa Rica has met its burden of demonstrat -
ing that it has an “interest of a legal nature that may be affected”s by the
Judgment in this case. The Applicant also has defined a purpose that iss
consistent with non-party intervention — that of informing the Court of
Costa Rica’s legal rights and interests and of seeking to ensure thats the

Court’s decision “does not affect those rights and interests” (sApplication
by Costa Rica for permission to Intervene, p. 12, para. 24).
9. As discussed in part I of my Honduras opinion, Costa Rica need
not establish an independent basis for jurisdiction in order to support sits
application for non-party intervention.

10. In concluding that Costa Rica should be permitted to intervene, I
have taken account of the parties’ arguments with respect to the law and
have considered the views of the parties, which were divided in their atti -
tudes towards the proposed intervention. Nicaragua opposed interven -
tion and made clear its concerns about the procedural consequences of

intervention. While I have an appreciation for those concerns, they do
not alter my conclusion that the Applicant has met its burden under Artis -
cle 62 and that the Court should have granted the Application, as it did
in the most recent case in which a third State with overlapping claims
applied to intervene (see Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon

and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria), Application for Permission to Inter ‑
vene, Order of 21 October 1999, I.C.J. Reports 1999 (II)).
11. In my Honduras dissenting opinion, I make some general observa -
tions about the Court’s current practice in intervention cases, whichs
appears to invite third States to apply to intervene as a means to presesnt

their views to the Court, whether or not the Application is granted, ands I
offer some thoughts on how this approach might be improved.

(Signed) Joan E. donoghue.

72

7 CIJ1019.indb 140 13/06/13 16:02

Bilingual Content

414

dISSENTINg OpINION OF JUdgE dONOgHUE

Disagreement with outcome and approach of the Court in rejecting Costa Rica’s
Application to intervene — Cross‑reference to separate dissent regarding
Honduras’s Application to intervene for general discussion of interve▯ntion and
Court’s practice in maritime delimitation cases involving overlapping▯ claims —
Overlap of Costa Rica’s claims with area at issue sufficient to show that Costa
Rica has an interest of a legal nature that “may” be affected — Parties’ opposition
to intervention not dispositive where Article 62 criteria are met.

1. I have dissented from the decision to reject Costa Rica’s Applications
to intervene as a non-party in these proceedings. I part company with the
Court not only as to the result, but also as to its approach to Article 62

of the Statute of the Court.

2. I have also dissented today from the Court’s decision to reject the
Application of Honduras to intervene as a non-party. In part I of my dis -
senting opinion with respect to the Application of Honduras to intervenes

in this case, I address the factors relevant to consideration of an applsica -
tion to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute of the Court and examine
the Court’s practice of protecting third States that “may be affecsted” by
its judgments regarding maritime boundaries. The general conclusions

that I draw in part I of my Honduras opinion also provide a foundation
for the conclusions that I reach in this opinion. Rather than reproducinsg
the same text here, I refer the reader to part I of my Honduras opinion.
3. In part I of my Honduras opinion, I discuss the Court’s practice in
delimitation cases in which the third States may have an interest in thes

area at issue, calling attention in particular to its practice of using direc -
tional arrows to avoid delimiting boundaries in areas in which the rightss
of a third State “may be affected”. I rely on this practice to support my
conclusion that a decision in a case in which the area to be delimited
overlaps (at least in part) an area claimed by a third State “may asffect”

the “interest of a legal nature” of the third State, providing a bsasis for
granting the application of such a third State to intervene under Arti -
cle 62 of the Statute.

4. I turn now to the Application of Costa Rica. The area that Costa
Rica has described as a “minimum area of interest” in the Caribbeasn Sea
overlaps the area at issue in this case, as can be seen on the sketch-map
attached to the Judgment. As that map shows, Costa Rica and Colombia
have agreed to a maritime boundary, pursuant to a treaty that is not in s

70

7 CIJ1019.indb 136 13/06/13 16:02 414

OpINION dISSIdENTE dE m me LA JUgE dONOgHUE

[Traduction]

Désaccord avec la décision de rejeter la requête du Costa Rica à fin d’intervention
et l’approche adoptée par la Cour — Renvoi à l’opinion dissidente relative à la
demande d’intervention du Honduras pour une analyse générale de▯ l’intervention et
de la pratique suivie par la Cour dans les affaires de délimitation m▯aritime en cas
de chevauchement de revendications — Intérêt d’ordre juridique « susceptible »
d’être affecté suffisamment établi puisque les prétention▯s du Costa Rica débordent
sur la zone en litige — Caractère non déterminant de l’opposition des Parties à▯
l’intervention dès lors que les critères énoncés à l’article 62 sont remplis.

1. Je ne souscris pas à la décision de rejeter la requête du Costas Rica à
fin d’intervention en tant que non-partie en la présente instance, étant en
désaccord non seulement avec la conclusion à laquelle est parvenues la

Cour, mais aussi avec l’approche qu’elle a adoptée quant à l’article 62 de
son Statut.
2. J’ai également fait état, ce jour, de mon désaccord avec la sdécision
de rejeter la requête du Honduras à fin d’intervention en tanst que non-
partie. dans la première partie de l’opinion que j’y consacre, je me pensche

sur les facteurs à prendre en compte aux fins d’examiner une demsande
d’intervention présentée au titre de l’article 62 du Statut, ainsi que sur la
pratique de la Cour en matière de protection d’Etats tiers « susceptibles
d’être affectés » par ses arrêts portant délimitation maritime. Les conclu -

sions générales que j’y formule étant également à la bsase de celles aux -
quelles j’aboutirai plus loin, je ne les répéterai pas, et renvoie le lecteur à
la première partie de cette autre opinion.
3. J’y examine la pratique suivie par la Cour dans les affaires de déli -
mitation lorsque des Etats tiers sont susceptibles de posséder un intsérêt

dans la zone en litige, en appelant tout particulièrement l’attention sur
son recours à des flèches pour éviter de tracer une ligne frosntière dans des
zones où sa décision «risque de mettre en cause» les droits d’un Etat tiers.
J’invoque cette pratique à l’appui de ma conclusion selon laqueslle une
décision dans une affaire où il y a chevauchement (du moins partisel) entre

la zone à délimiter et la zone revendiquée par un Etat tiers «s risque de
mettre en cause» «l’intérêt d’ordre juridique» de celui-ci, ce qui justifie de
faire droit à une demande d’intervention de cet Etat fondée sur l’article 62
du Statut.

4. J’en viens à présent à la requête du Costa Rica. Il existse un chevau -
chement entre la zone que celui-ci présente comme sa « zone minimum
d’intérêt» dans la mer des Caraïbes et celle en litige en l’espèce, asinsi qu’il
ressort du croquis reproduit dans l’arrêt. Comme le montre celui-csi, le
Costa Rica et la Colombie sont convenus d’une frontière maritime, en

70

7 CIJ1019.indb 137 13/06/13 16:02 415 territorial and maristime dispute (diss. op. dosnoghue)

force but that both Costa Rica and Colombia observe in practice. Costa
Rica also has an agreed maritime boundary with panama. On the other

hand, Costa Rica and Nicaragua have no agreed maritime boundary.
Instead, to support its assertion of an “interest of a legal nature”s, Costa
Rica has defined the minimum area to which it asserts a claim vis-à-vis
Nicaragua (based on its calculation of an equidistance line) (CR 2010/12,
pp. 33-40, paras. 4-29 (Lathrop)).

5. At this stage in the proceedings, the Court is not equipped to draw
any conclusions about the likelihood that it would accept the position osf
one party or the other or would establish another line entirely. Thus, to
assess whether its decision in this case “may affect” Costa Rica’ss interest
of a legal nature, it is appropriate for the Court to take into account sthe

claim of each party. The way that a decision in the main proceedings “may
affect” the interest of a legal nature of Costa Rica is especially clsear if one
examines the delimitation proposed by Colombia. As the Court notes,
Colombia has not requested that the Court fix the southern endpoint ofs
the maritime boundary that it is asked to determine (Judgment, para. 88).

The sketch-map shows that the line proposed by Colombia would eventu -
ally intersect with the “minimum area of interest” claimed by Costsa Rica.
6. The Court today does not clearly state whether it concludes that the
overlap of Costa Rica’s claim with the area at issue in the case gives rise
to an “interest of a legal nature”, although I see nothing in the sJudgment

that would call that conclusion into question. The Court appears to
decide, however, that it can protect any such interest of a legal nature by
delimiting the boundary between Colombia and Nicaragua in a manner
that stops short of the area claimed by Costa Rica (ibid., para. 89). The
prospect of protecting Costa Rica’s interests through such means thens
leads the Court to reject Costa Rica’s Application. As I explain in part I

of my Honduras opinion, the expectation that the Court would decline to s
set an endpoint and would instead use a directional arrow does not coun -
sel against intervention, but rather supports the conclusion that there the
third State has an interest of a legal nature that may be affected. Evens
accepting that the Court is equipped to protect the interests of a thirds

State without intervention, Article 62 of the Statute does not require the
applicant for intervention to prove that intervention is the only means by
which the Court can avoid affecting an interest of a legal nature. (Thes
area claimed by Nicaragua also overlaps the area that Costa Rica
describes as its “minimum area of interest”. The line proposed by sNicara -

gua (as shown on the sketch-map) does not intersect with Costa Rica’s
“minimum” area of interest, but a decision by the Court to accept sthe line
proposed by Nicaragua (as between Colombia and Nicaragua) could
have implications for the delimitation of Costa Rica’s boundary with
respect to either or both of the parties.)

7. As discussed in part I of my Honduras opinion, when the Court is
aware of the potential claim of a third State, it has typically affixeds a

71

7 CIJ1019.indb 138 13/06/13 16:02 différend territorisal et maritime (op. disss. donoghue) 415

vertu d’un traité qui n’est pas en vigueur mais auquel les deuxs pays se
conforment dans la pratique. Le Costa Rica a également fixé une fron -

tière maritime avec le panama. En revanche, le Costa Rica et le Nicara -
gua n’ont pas de frontière maritime convenue ; toutefois, à l’appui de
l’«intérêt d’ordre juridique» qu’il prétend posséder, le Costa Rica a défini
la zone minimum qu’il revendique à l’égard du Nicaragua (susr la base
de la ligne d’équidistance telle que calculée par lui) (CR 2010/12, p. 33-40,

par. 4-29 (Lathrop)).
5. Au stade actuel de la procédure, la Cour n’est pas en mesure de prsé -
juger de la position qu’elle adoptera vis-à-vis des thèses des parties, ni de
toute autre ligne qu’elle pourrait tracer. pour déterminer si sa décision en
l’espèce «est susceptible d’affecter» l’intérêt d’ordre juridique du Costa Rica,
elle doit prendre en compte les revendications de chaque partie. La délimi -

tation proposée par la Colombie fait ainsi apparaître on ne peut plus clai -
rement la manière dont la décision à rendre dans la procédurse principale est
«susceptible d’affecter» l’intérêt d’ordre juridique du Costa Rica. Comme
la Cour le relève, la Colombie ne lui a pas demandé de fixer le spoint termi -
nal sud de la frontière maritime devant être tracée (arrêt, pars. 88) ; or, le

croquis montre que la ligne proposée par la Colombie finirait par couper la
«zone minimum d’intérêt» revendiquée par le Costa Rica.
6. La Cour n’indique pas expressément pour l’instant si elle conclsut
que le chevauchement entre la zone revendiquée par le Costa Rica et la
zone en litige dans la procédure principale est à l’origine d’sun « intérêt

d’ordre juridique», bien que je ne voie rien dans l’arrêt qui s’oppose à usn
tel constat. La Cour semble toutefois s’estimer à même de protésger tout
intérêt de cette nature en délimitant la frontière entre la sColombie et le
Nicaragua de manière à ce que la ligne fixée s’arrête asvant d’atteindre la
zone revendiquée par le Costa Rica (ibid., par. 89). C’est la certitude de
pouvoir protéger ainsi les intérêts du Costa Rica qui conduit la Cour à

rejeter la demande de celui-ci. Or, comme je l’indique dans la première
partie de l’opinion que je consacre à la requête du Honduras, le fait qu’il
soit entendu que la Cour s’abstiendra de fixer un point terminal ets utili -
sera une flèche ne milite pas contre l’intervention, mais tend asu contraire
à indiquer que l’Etat tiers possède bien dans ce cas un intérêt d’ordre

juridique. même en admettant que la Cour soit en mesure de protéger les
intérêts d’un Etat tiers sans que celui-ci intervienne, l’article 62 du Statut
n’exige pas de l’Etat demandant à intervenir qu’il prouve qus’une telle pro -
cédure serait la seule manière pour la Cour d’éviter de porter atteinte à un
intérêt d’ordre juridique. (Il y a également chevauchement sentre la zone

revendiquée par le Nicaragua et celle présentée par le Costa Rica comme
sa «zone minimum d’intérêt »: si la ligne proposée par le Nicaragua (telle
que représentée sur le croquis) ne coupe pas la zone « minimum» d’intérêt
du Costa Rica, une décision de la Cour tendant à retenir cette ligne (entrse
le Nicaragua et la Colombie) pourrait avoir des effets sur la délimistation
entre le Costa Rica et l’une ou l’autre des parties, voire les deux.)

7. Comme exposé dans la première partie de mon opinion sur la demandes
du Honduras, lorsqu’elle a connaissance de l’existence de revendications

71

7 CIJ1019.indb 139 13/06/13 16:02 416 territorial and maristime dispute (diss. op. dosnoghue)

directional arrow at the end of the boundary line to indicate that the psro-
longation of the boundary line established by its decision extends only s

until it reaches the area where the rights or claims of a third State “smay
be affected”. To determine the location of the last turning point ands thus
the location where such a directional arrow should be placed, the Court s
inevitably must assess or estimate the point at which a third State may s
have an interest of a legal nature (i.e., in this case, a claim to maristime

areas that overlaps the area at issue in the case). If the Court does nsot
make that assessment, it risks placing a directional arrow within an aresa
that is subject to claim by a third State. This could be seen to prejudgse the
delimitation of an area as between the third State and one or both of thse
parties, neither of which may be entitled to the area vis-à-vis the third
State.

8. Thus, I conclude that Costa Rica has met its burden of demonstrat -
ing that it has an “interest of a legal nature that may be affected”s by the
Judgment in this case. The Applicant also has defined a purpose that iss
consistent with non-party intervention — that of informing the Court of
Costa Rica’s legal rights and interests and of seeking to ensure thats the

Court’s decision “does not affect those rights and interests” (sApplication
by Costa Rica for permission to Intervene, p. 12, para. 24).
9. As discussed in part I of my Honduras opinion, Costa Rica need
not establish an independent basis for jurisdiction in order to support sits
application for non-party intervention.

10. In concluding that Costa Rica should be permitted to intervene, I
have taken account of the parties’ arguments with respect to the law and
have considered the views of the parties, which were divided in their atti -
tudes towards the proposed intervention. Nicaragua opposed interven -
tion and made clear its concerns about the procedural consequences of

intervention. While I have an appreciation for those concerns, they do
not alter my conclusion that the Applicant has met its burden under Artis -
cle 62 and that the Court should have granted the Application, as it did
in the most recent case in which a third State with overlapping claims
applied to intervene (see Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon

and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria), Application for Permission to Inter ‑
vene, Order of 21 October 1999, I.C.J. Reports 1999 (II)).
11. In my Honduras dissenting opinion, I make some general observa -
tions about the Court’s current practice in intervention cases, whichs
appears to invite third States to apply to intervene as a means to presesnt

their views to the Court, whether or not the Application is granted, ands I
offer some thoughts on how this approach might be improved.

(Signed) Joan E. donoghue.

72

7 CIJ1019.indb 140 13/06/13 16:02 différend territorisal et maritime (op. disss. donoghue) 416

potentielles d’Etats tiers, la Cour, en règle générale, place une flèche à l’ex-
trémité de la ligne de délimitation qu’elle a tracée pours indiquer que cette

ligne ne se prolonge que jusqu’à la zone où elle «risque de mettre en cause»
les droits et prétentions d’un Etat tiers. pour déterminer l’emplacement du
dernier point d’inflexion et, partant, savoir où placer sa flèsche, la Cour doit
inévitablement déterminer ou conjecturer l’endroit à partir sduquel un Etat
tiers pourrait détenir un intérêt d’ordre juridique (autremsent dit, en l’es -

pèce, pourrait avoir une prétention sur des zones maritimes qui emspiète sur
la zone en litige). A défaut, elle risque de placer une flèche sdans une zone
objet de la prétention d’un Etat tiers, ce qui pourrait être pesrçu comme
préjugeant de la délimitation de cette zone entre l’Etat tiers,s d’une part, et
l’une, ou l’une et l’autre, des parties, d’autre part, lesquselles n’ont peut-être
aucun droit sur cette zone vis-à-vis dudit Etat tiers.

8. Je conclus donc que le Costa Rica s’était acquitté de la charges lui
incombant de démontrer qu’il possédait un « intérêt d’ordre juridique »
«susceptible d’être affecté » par l’arrêt à rendre en l’espèce. Il avait égale -
ment spécifié un objet conforme à celui de l’intervention en tant que
non-partie: celui d’informer la Cour de ses droits et intérêts d’ordres juri -

dique et de s’assurer que sa décision «ne porte[rait] pas atteinte» à ceux-ci
(requête du Costa Rica à fin d’intervention, p. 12, par. 24).
9. Comme je l’ai dit dans la première partie de mon opinion sur la
requête du Honduras, le Costa Rica n’a pas besoin d’établir une base
indépendante de compétence à l’appui de sa demande d’intesrvention en

tant que non-partie.
10. En concluant que le Costa Rica devrait être admis à intervenir, j’sai
tenu compte des positions divergentes des parties à l’égard de l’interven -
tion demandée et de leurs arguments juridiques. Le Nicaragua s’ests
opposé à l’intervention, exprimant clairement ses préoccupatsions quant à
ses conséquences d’ordre procédural. Ces préoccupations, si sje n’y suis

pas insensible, n’entament toutefois en rien ma conviction que l’Etat
demandant à intervenir s’était acquitté de la charge qui luis incombe en
vertu de l’article 62 du Statut et que la Cour aurait dû admettre sa requête,
comme elle l’avait fait dans le précédent le plus récent impsliquant un che -
vauchement avec les prétentions d’un Etat tiers (voir Frontière terrestre et

maritime entre le Cameroun et le Nigéria (Cameroun c. Nigéria), requête à
fin d’intervention, ordonnance du 21 octobre 1999, C.I.J. Recueil 1999 (II)).
11. dans mon opinion dissidente sur la requête du Honduras, je for -
mule des observations d’ordre général sur la pratique actuelle sde la Cour
en matière d’intervention, qui semble avoir pour effet d’incitesr les Etats

tiers à demander à intervenir pour présenter leurs vues, indéspendamment
du sort que leur requête est appelée à connaître, et proposes quelques élé -
ments de réflexion sur d’éventuelles améliorations à apsporter.

(Signé) Joan E. donoghue.

72

7 CIJ1019.indb 141 13/06/13 16:02

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Dissenting opinion of Judge Donoghue

Links