Separate opinion of Judge Morozov

Document Number
063-19810414-JUD-01-01-EN
Parent Document Number
063-19810414-JUD-01-00-EN
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Bilingual Document File

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE MOROZOV

1. 1voted for the operative part of the decision because from my point
of view no application to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute can be
entertained by the Court unless jurisdictional links(within the meaning of
Articles 36 and 37 of the Statute) exist between the State presenting the

request to intervene and the States parties to the case.
2. Article 62, which is included in the Statute under the title "Chapter
III. Procedure", does not contain any provisions on the basis of which it
can be considered as an Article which nullifies any provisions relating to
the competence of the Court standing in Chapter II of the Statute under
the title "Competence of the Court". Moreover, paragraph 2 of Article 62,
which establishes the right of the Court "to decide upon this request",
cannotbe consideredas some lex specialis which provides exemptionfrom
general jurisdictional requirements and leaves the Court free to entertain
the intervention irrespective of the cornerstone provisions of Articles 36
and 37 of the Statute. Al1 that this paragraph really provides is that the

Court, subject to the exigencies of its Statute, includingArticles 36 and 37,
may grant or refuse the request. Thus even if jurisdictional links exist,the
Court may still, for a valid reason, refuse the request. However, if they do
not exist, the Court has no choice but to refuse.
3. Thisis the first time in the administration of international justice and,
more particularly, in the experience of the International Court of Justice,
that the Court has been obliged to take a decision on a request invoking
Article 62. Therefore the impact of this decision unavoidably goes far
beyond the specific request of Malta and may in future be considered as a
precedent which, from my point of view, could be used forjustification of a
practice which is not consistent with the Statute and might, moreover,

undermine the guiding principle of the consent of States.
4. As is well known, Malta recognized that there were no jurisdictional
linksbetween it and Libya and Tunisia. Libya and Tunisia objected to the
jurisdiction of the Court and stated that only Article 36 of the Statute
could be considered as a basis for the Court's jurisdiction.
5. 1would finally like to recall paragraph 6 of Article 36 of the Statute,
which provides : "In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has
jurisdiction, the matter shallbe settledby the decision of the Court." From
my point of view, whenever a request is submitted for permission to
intervene under Article62 of the Statute, thequestion ofjurisdiction must,
as a matter of principle, be considered first, particularly when, as in the

current instance, an objection tojurisdiction has beenpresented by both of
the original Parties (Libya and Tunisia).
(Signed) Platon Mo~ozov.

Bilingual Content

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE MOROZOV

1. 1voted for the operative part of the decision because from my point
of view no application to intervene under Article 62 of the Statute can be
entertained by the Court unless jurisdictional links(within the meaning of
Articles 36 and 37 of the Statute) exist between the State presenting the

request to intervene and the States parties to the case.
2. Article 62, which is included in the Statute under the title "Chapter
III. Procedure", does not contain any provisions on the basis of which it
can be considered as an Article which nullifies any provisions relating to
the competence of the Court standing in Chapter II of the Statute under
the title "Competence of the Court". Moreover, paragraph 2 of Article 62,
which establishes the right of the Court "to decide upon this request",
cannotbe consideredas some lex specialis which provides exemptionfrom
general jurisdictional requirements and leaves the Court free to entertain
the intervention irrespective of the cornerstone provisions of Articles 36
and 37 of the Statute. Al1 that this paragraph really provides is that the

Court, subject to the exigencies of its Statute, includingArticles 36 and 37,
may grant or refuse the request. Thus even if jurisdictional links exist,the
Court may still, for a valid reason, refuse the request. However, if they do
not exist, the Court has no choice but to refuse.
3. Thisis the first time in the administration of international justice and,
more particularly, in the experience of the International Court of Justice,
that the Court has been obliged to take a decision on a request invoking
Article 62. Therefore the impact of this decision unavoidably goes far
beyond the specific request of Malta and may in future be considered as a
precedent which, from my point of view, could be used forjustification of a
practice which is not consistent with the Statute and might, moreover,

undermine the guiding principle of the consent of States.
4. As is well known, Malta recognized that there were no jurisdictional
linksbetween it and Libya and Tunisia. Libya and Tunisia objected to the
jurisdiction of the Court and stated that only Article 36 of the Statute
could be considered as a basis for the Court's jurisdiction.
5. 1would finally like to recall paragraph 6 of Article 36 of the Statute,
which provides : "In the event of a dispute as to whether the Court has
jurisdiction, the matter shallbe settledby the decision of the Court." From
my point of view, whenever a request is submitted for permission to
intervene under Article62 of the Statute, thequestion ofjurisdiction must,
as a matter of principle, be considered first, particularly when, as in the

current instance, an objection tojurisdiction has beenpresented by both of
the original Parties (Libya and Tunisia).
(Signed) Platon Mo~ozov. OPINION INDIVIDUELLE DE M. MOROZOV
[Traduction]

1. J'ai voté pour le dispositif de la décisionparce que, de mon point de
vue, la Cour ne peutconnaître d'une requête àfin d'intervention fondée sur
l'article 62 du Statut que si un lienjuridictionnel (au sensdes articles 36 et
37 du Statut) existe entre 17Etatdemandant àintervenir et les Etats parties
à l'affaire.

2. L'article 62, qui fait partie du chapitre III du Statut, intitulé Pro-
cédure )>,ne contient aucune disposition qui permette de considérer cet
articlecomme abrogeant les dispositions relatives àla Compétence de la
Cour )>qui figurent sous ce titre au chapitre II du Statut. De plus, l'arti-
cle 62, paragraphe 2, quidonne à la Cour le droit de décider,ne saurait être
considéré comme une sorte de lex specialis écartant l'application des
prescriptions générales en matière de compétence et autorisant la Cour à
admettre l'intervention malgré les dispositions fondamentales des ar-
ticles 36 et 37 du Statut. Tout ce queprévoit en réalitéce paragraphe, c'est

que la Cour, sous réserve des exigences de son Statut, y compris les
articles 36 et 37, peut admettre ou refuser la demande. Par conséquent,
quand bien même il existerait un lien de juridiction, la Cour pourrait
encore, pour une raison valable,rejeter la demande. Mais s'il n'y a pas de
lien de juridiction, la Cour n'a pas le choix : elle doit la rejeter.
3. C'est la première fois, dans l'administration de la justice internatio-
nale, et plus spécialement dans l'expérience de la Cour internationale de
Justice, que la Cour estamenée à se prononcer sur une demandefondée sur
l'article 62. Il est donc inévitable que l'effet de la décision dépasse de

beaucoup le cadre de la requêtemaltaise et puisse êtreconsidéré comme un
précédent susceptible,d'après moi, d'être invoqué pour justifier une pra-
tique inconciliable avec le Statut et de nature, en outre, à porter atteinte
au principe suprême du consentement des Etats.
4. Comme on le sait, Malte reconnaît qu'il n'existe pas de lienjuridic-
tionnel entre elle et la Libye ou la Tunisie. Ces deux Etats ont plaidé
l'incompétence de la Couret déclaréque seul l'article 36 du Statut pourrait
servir de fondement à sa juridiction.
5. Pour finir,je voudrais rappeler le texte de l'article 36, paragraphe 6,
du Statut, qui dispose :((En cas de contestation sur le point de savoir si la

Cour est compétente, la Cour décide. ))Selon moi, chaque fois qu'une
requête à fin d'intervention fondée sur l'article62 du Statut est présentée,la
question de la compétence doit, par principe, êtreexaminée en premierlieu,
en particulier quand, comme c'est le cas en l'espèce, les deuxPartiesinitiales
(la Libye et la Tunisie) soulèvent l'incompétence.

(Signé) Platon Mo~ozov.

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Separate opinion of Judge Morozov

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