Separate Opinion of Judge Nagendra Singh

Document Number
068-19840321-JUD-01-02-EN
Parent Document Number
068-19840321-JUD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE NAGENDRA SINGH

While voting for the Judgment of the Court, 1have felt that there are
certain aspects of the case which need to be emphasized.

(i) It appears from the Court's Judgment that the object of intervention
isofgreat importanceto a tribunal whenapplyingtheprovisions ofArticle
62 of the Statute to the facts of a case. In this respect, Italy has demon-
strated a twofold aspect of its object in presenting its own request to the
Court. First, at the very outset, Italy has emphasized in the present pro-
ceedingsbefore the Court that it is making no claim against either of the
two Parties and, furthermore, that it isnot seekinga decisionby the Court
to delimit its own areas of continental shelf. It has gone further even in
stating that itoesnot seeka decisiondeclaringtheprinciples and rulesof
international law to be applicable to such a delimitation. The counsel for
Italyhasstated preciselywhatItalyexpectsfromtheCourtin the following
words:

"Italy isskingtheCourt ... to takeinto considerationtheinterests
of a legal nature which Italy possesses in relation to various areas
claimed by the main Parties, or certain parts of those areas, and
accordingly .. to ensure that they do not, when they conclude their
delimitation agreement pursuant of the Court's judgment, include
any areas which, on account of the existence of rights possessed by
Italy,ought to be the subject eitherof delimitation between Italy and
Malta or of delimitation betweenItaly and Libya, or ofa delimitation
agreement as between al1three countries." (Hearing of 25 January
1984.Emphasis added.)

If theintention was thusto apprisethe Court ofthe areasofItalian concern
ofwhichthe Court should be cautioned and warned,so that theJudgment
doesnot trench on the sovereignrights and claimsof Italy,it wouldappear
that such a purpose has been effectively servedby the exercisewhich the
Court has undertaken under Article 62 of the Statute by givinga hearing
not only to Italy but also to the Parties to the dispute. There can be no
doubt that the Court has now been made fully aware of Italian interests
and where they lie sothat there should be no possibility of it even inad-
vertentlyencroaching upon or underrnining Italian claimsand interests in
this case. In answer to the question asked by Judge de Lacharrièreat the
hearings, the Italian written reply hasgiven aprecise answer defining the
four corners of the parameters of Italian interest whichconcern the Court
here. No tribunal could ever disregard this aspect, which has been effec-
tively presented by Italy. The Court in its Judgment has taken proper
precautions to safeguard the interests of Italy in paragraphs 42 and 43, 32 CONTINENTAL SHELF (SEP.OP. NAGENDRA SINGH)

with whch 1entirely agree.When the would-beintervener isnot permitted
tobe presentbeforetheCourt,it becomes thebounden duty of thetribunal
tosafeguard its rights andonno account to allow them tobe downtrodden
in the adjudication of the dispute between the parties before the Court.
Whilepointing out this aspect, it isfeltthat theobject of Italyincautioning
the Court in this casehasalreadybeen achieved inasmuch asthe Court has
been warned how far to proceed in its delimitation. Thisis not to suggest

that theinstitution of intervention as embodiedinArticle 62could everbe
reduced to the mere practice of giving a hearing to the applicant on the
point of adrnissibility of its request, because much more than a mere
preliminary hearing is contemplated by that article of the Statute. In
addition to the above there is also another consideration of vital impor-
tance which is mentioned in paragraph (ii) below.
The second aspect of the Italian pleading noted by the Court relates to
the role of the Court which Italy seemed to be asking the Court to
undertake in "defining", "safeguarding", "protecting" and "recognizing"
the rights of Italy which givesthe appearance that the Court is required to
undertake an exercise in adjudication. This would certainly need a juris-
dictional link between the intervener and the Parties to the dispute, and 1
agree with the Court's finding that this aspect of the object of Italian
intervention couldnot be met without a properjurisdictional link between
Italy and Malta and Italy and Libya.

In short, therefore, both aspects of the Italian object of intervention are
met to thefull extent that the Court couldhelp to meet them. The purpose
of warning the Court as to the area of Italian concem has indeed been
totally fulfilled. Again, as far as the other aspect of the object of inter-
vention is concerned, which was to have Italian interests "recognized",
"safeguarded" and "protected", the Court has expressed its inability to
proceed without ajurisdictional link between the intervener and the Par-
ties to the dispute. In short, therefore,the Court has done its utmost in the
circumstances to meet the Italian viewpoint in so far as it was within the
limits prescribed by Article 62 of the Statute and could be accomplished
without a jurisdictional link and in the teeth of opposition from both
Parties to the dispute. The Court apparently has felt helpless when con-
fronted with the request relating to "recognition" of Italian rights which
wouldinvolvetheCourtin an exerciseinjurisdiction, and that couldnot be

undertaken without the consent of the Parties to the dispute.
Thus, whatever the Court could offer to Italywithinthe limits of Article
62, and devoid of ajurisdictional link, would appear to have been offered
to Italy in this case. It is true, of course, that intervention has been refused,
butthat does notinany wayamount to an injustice.Thisindeed isthebasic
reason for my voting for the Court's Judgment, because even without
granting intervention to Italy the Court has duly emphasized that Italian
interestsin thearea willremaintheparamount concem of the Court. In the
circumstances, the granting of intervention would not have added any-
thing to theprocess ofcautioningtheCourt. On theother hand, agreeingto
the Italian request would have clearly resulted in making Italy subject to 33 CONTINENTAL SHELF (SEP.OP. NAGENDRA SINGH)

the obligationsimposed by Article 59 on the parties before the Court. In
short, therefore, it would appear that the Court has given to Italy by this
Judgment al1that it could be entitIed to in the circumstances of this case,
and that, too,withoutholding it bound by theforthcomingjudgment in the

Libya/Malta case by virtue of Article 59. The net result should therefore
satisfy Italy.
(ii) Furthermore, what 1wish to emphasizerelates to the need to allow
the would-beintervener to have access to the pleadings of the parties to a
dispute, because it does not answer the cal1of judicial propriety if the
would-beintervener is asked to plead, blindfold so to speak, without the
pleadings of theparties. Thisessentialfacility was denied to Malta in 1981
and now to Italy in this case, although it was pleaded by the Parties to the
present dispute that the applicant, having had its Say when invoking
Article 62 of the Statute, need not be given a further hearing by way of
intervention as stipulated in Articles 82 to 85 of the Rules of Court. In
other words, it has been argued by the Parties that if the would-be inter-
vener was heard once it should suffice for the purpose of cautioning the
Court. If it was everso,it would appear that the would-beintervenermust
be supplied with the pleadings of the parties in order to have its full Say

with a view to effectively warning the Court of its interests. It is true, of
course, that Parties objected in both these cases to their pleadings being
made available to the would-beintervener,but then they could not argue
that the applicant had had its full say in the matter. It would therefore
appearto be in theinterests of theparties toa dispute to agreeto maketheir
pleadings available to the would-beintervener in order that they may be
fully apprised of third party interests, of which the Court would also like
to be equally and fully informed. In the present case, the fact that the
pleadings of the Parties to the dispute were not made available to the
applicant weighs to the extent that, as a consequence,the applicant could
have failed to present to the Court as complete,clear and precise a state-
ment of its interests as might have been possible had it had accessto those
pleadings. Such a statement is manifestlydesirablealso for the Court soas
to enable it to decide correctly on the admissibility of the intervention
itself. Thus, it is in the interests of justice that the would-be intervener
shouldhave access to the pleadings of the parties to a dispute. However, 1

amsatisfiedthat in thepresent case,despite thislacuna,the Court hasbeen
able to get a sufficient overall picture of the Italian interests to enable it to
come to a decision on theApplication. Nevertheless, the aspectrelating to
pleadings of parties being made accessible to the would-be intervener
should be borne in mind by al1concerned in future cases of interven-
tion.
(iii) Lastly, 1wish to emphasizethat despite the two negativedecisions
of the Court in 1981and in this case, the institution of intervention which
existsasenshrinedinArticle 62of the Statute isstillverymuch available to
the community, provided it is sought within the limits prescribed by that
Article. TheCourt has now made it abundantly clear that if the intervener
expects determination of any of its claims, whch involves an exercise inadjudication, this would necessitate ajurisdictional link between the par-
ties to the dispute and the intervener. However, as far ascautioning the
Court of the interests of the third party is concerned, thisn always be
achieved by an application under Article 62 without establishing any
jurisdictional link.Thesaid provision of the Statute has therefore a utility
of its own, however limited it may be.

(Signed)NAGENDRA SINGH.

Bilingual Content

SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE NAGENDRA SINGH

While voting for the Judgment of the Court, 1have felt that there are
certain aspects of the case which need to be emphasized.

(i) It appears from the Court's Judgment that the object of intervention
isofgreat importanceto a tribunal whenapplyingtheprovisions ofArticle
62 of the Statute to the facts of a case. In this respect, Italy has demon-
strated a twofold aspect of its object in presenting its own request to the
Court. First, at the very outset, Italy has emphasized in the present pro-
ceedingsbefore the Court that it is making no claim against either of the
two Parties and, furthermore, that it isnot seekinga decisionby the Court
to delimit its own areas of continental shelf. It has gone further even in
stating that itoesnot seeka decisiondeclaringtheprinciples and rulesof
international law to be applicable to such a delimitation. The counsel for
Italyhasstated preciselywhatItalyexpectsfromtheCourtin the following
words:

"Italy isskingtheCourt ... to takeinto considerationtheinterests
of a legal nature which Italy possesses in relation to various areas
claimed by the main Parties, or certain parts of those areas, and
accordingly .. to ensure that they do not, when they conclude their
delimitation agreement pursuant of the Court's judgment, include
any areas which, on account of the existence of rights possessed by
Italy,ought to be the subject eitherof delimitation between Italy and
Malta or of delimitation betweenItaly and Libya, or ofa delimitation
agreement as between al1three countries." (Hearing of 25 January
1984.Emphasis added.)

If theintention was thusto apprisethe Court ofthe areasofItalian concern
ofwhichthe Court should be cautioned and warned,so that theJudgment
doesnot trench on the sovereignrights and claimsof Italy,it wouldappear
that such a purpose has been effectively servedby the exercisewhich the
Court has undertaken under Article 62 of the Statute by givinga hearing
not only to Italy but also to the Parties to the dispute. There can be no
doubt that the Court has now been made fully aware of Italian interests
and where they lie sothat there should be no possibility of it even inad-
vertentlyencroaching upon or underrnining Italian claimsand interests in
this case. In answer to the question asked by Judge de Lacharrièreat the
hearings, the Italian written reply hasgiven aprecise answer defining the
four corners of the parameters of Italian interest whichconcern the Court
here. No tribunal could ever disregard this aspect, which has been effec-
tively presented by Italy. The Court in its Judgment has taken proper
precautions to safeguard the interests of Italy in paragraphs 42 and 43, OPINION INDIVIDUELLE DE M. NAGENDRA SINGH

[Traduction]

Tout en ayant donné mon suffrage à l'arrêtde la Cour, j'estime devoir
souligner certains aspects de l'affaire.

i)Il résultede l'arrêdte la Cour que l'objet de l'intervention est d'une
grande importance pour un tribunal chargé d'appliquer aux faits de l'es-
pèce lesdispositions de l'article2du Statut. Or l'Italie, dans sarequête,a
présentécetobjetsousdeuxaspects. Premièrement,ellead'embléeaffirmé
dans la présente procédure qu'elle ne formulait de prétention contre
aucune des deux Parties, et que d'ailleurs elle n'attendait pas de la Cour

une décisiondélimitantsespropres zones de plateau continental. Elle est
alléejusqu'à déclarer qu'elle nedemandait pas une décisiondéclaratoire
des principes et règlesde droit international qui seraientapplicablesà une
telle délimitation.Ce que l'Italie demandait à la Cour a étédéfiniavec
précisionpar ses conseils, dans les termes suivants :

<L'Italie demande à la Cour ..de prendre en considération les
intérêts d'ordrejuridiquede l'Italie relatiàsdes zones revendiquées
par les Parties principales,ou a certaines parties de ces zones, et de
donner enconséquenceauxdeuxPartiestoutesindications utilespour
qu'elles n'incluent pas,dans l'accord de délimitationqu'elles conclu-
ront en application de l'arrêtde la Cour, des zones qui, en raison de
l'existencede droits de l'Italie,devraient faire i'objetsoit d'une déli-
mitation entre l'Italieet Malte,soit d'une délimitationentre l'Italie et
la Libye,soit lecaséchéand t 'unaccord de délimitationentre lestrois
pays. >)(Audience du 25janvier 1984 ;les italiques sont de moi.)

Sile but ainsi recherchéétaitde signaler les zones intéressant l'Italieàla
Cour, en donnant à celle-ci les informations préalables nécessairespour
que son arrêtn'empiète passur les droits souverains et les prétentionsde
l'Italie,il semble que ce but ait étéeffectivement atteint par la procédure
qui a suivi la décisionde la Cour, prise conformément à l'article 62 du
Statut, d'entendre nonseulementl'Italie maisaussilesParties audifférend.
Il est hors de doute que la Cour a maintenant pleine connaissance de

l'existence desintérêts italienet de leur étendue,et qu'il estdonc impos-
sible qu'elle empiètepar sa décisionsur les prétentionset les intérêts de
l'Italie ou qu'elleles compromette, fût-ce par mégarde.L'Italie, dans sa
réponseécrite à laquestion poséelorsdesaudiencespar M.deLacharrière,
aexactement préciséd ,ans lesquatre directions, leslieuxjusqu'où peuvent
s'étendreses intérêts,tels que ceux-ci concernent la Cour en l'espèce.
Aucun tribunal ne saurait négliger cetaspect des choses,quel'Italie a fort
bien misen lumière. D'ailleursla Cour a pris lesprécautionsrequisespour 32 CONTINENTAL SHELF (SEP.OP. NAGENDRA SINGH)

with whch 1entirely agree.When the would-beintervener isnot permitted
tobe presentbeforetheCourt,it becomes thebounden duty of thetribunal
tosafeguard its rights andonno account to allow them tobe downtrodden
in the adjudication of the dispute between the parties before the Court.
Whilepointing out this aspect, it isfeltthat theobject of Italyincautioning
the Court in this casehasalreadybeen achieved inasmuch asthe Court has
been warned how far to proceed in its delimitation. Thisis not to suggest

that theinstitution of intervention as embodiedinArticle 62could everbe
reduced to the mere practice of giving a hearing to the applicant on the
point of adrnissibility of its request, because much more than a mere
preliminary hearing is contemplated by that article of the Statute. In
addition to the above there is also another consideration of vital impor-
tance which is mentioned in paragraph (ii) below.
The second aspect of the Italian pleading noted by the Court relates to
the role of the Court which Italy seemed to be asking the Court to
undertake in "defining", "safeguarding", "protecting" and "recognizing"
the rights of Italy which givesthe appearance that the Court is required to
undertake an exercise in adjudication. This would certainly need a juris-
dictional link between the intervener and the Parties to the dispute, and 1
agree with the Court's finding that this aspect of the object of Italian
intervention couldnot be met without a properjurisdictional link between
Italy and Malta and Italy and Libya.

In short, therefore, both aspects of the Italian object of intervention are
met to thefull extent that the Court couldhelp to meet them. The purpose
of warning the Court as to the area of Italian concem has indeed been
totally fulfilled. Again, as far as the other aspect of the object of inter-
vention is concerned, which was to have Italian interests "recognized",
"safeguarded" and "protected", the Court has expressed its inability to
proceed without ajurisdictional link between the intervener and the Par-
ties to the dispute. In short, therefore,the Court has done its utmost in the
circumstances to meet the Italian viewpoint in so far as it was within the
limits prescribed by Article 62 of the Statute and could be accomplished
without a jurisdictional link and in the teeth of opposition from both
Parties to the dispute. The Court apparently has felt helpless when con-
fronted with the request relating to "recognition" of Italian rights which
wouldinvolvetheCourtin an exerciseinjurisdiction, and that couldnot be

undertaken without the consent of the Parties to the dispute.
Thus, whatever the Court could offer to Italywithinthe limits of Article
62, and devoid of ajurisdictional link, would appear to have been offered
to Italy in this case. It is true, of course, that intervention has been refused,
butthat does notinany wayamount to an injustice.Thisindeed isthebasic
reason for my voting for the Court's Judgment, because even without
granting intervention to Italy the Court has duly emphasized that Italian
interestsin thearea willremaintheparamount concem of the Court. In the
circumstances, the granting of intervention would not have added any-
thing to theprocess ofcautioningtheCourt. On theother hand, agreeingto
the Italian request would have clearly resulted in making Italy subject to sauvegarder les intérêts del'Italie aux paragraphes 42 et 43 de son arrêt,
quej'approuve entièrement.Quand en effet lerequérantn'est pas autorisé
àintervenir devant la Cour, c'estpour celle-ciun devoirimpérieux quede
sauvegarder lesdroits dudit requérantet de n'admettre enaucun cas qu'ils
soienttransgressésdans son arrêtsurledifférendentre lesparties enlitige.

Tout ensoulignant cet aspect, il meparaît quel'objet poursuivi par l'Italie,
consistant à alerter la Cour, est d'ores et déjàatteint, puisque la Cour sait
désormaisjusqu'où elle peut aller dans la délimitation qui lui est deman-
dée. Cela ne veut pas dire que l'institution de l'intervention au titre de
l'article 62 puissejamais êtreréduite auxproportions d'une simple audi-
tion du requérant sur l'admissibilitéde sa demande, car cet article du
Statut vise beaucoup plus qu'une audition préliminaire.Une autre consi-

dération essentielleintervient, qui est mentionnée à l'alinéa ii) ci-après.
Lesecondaspect delarequêteitaliennequ'a relevé laCouratrait au rôle
qu'apparemment l'Italie lui demandait de jouer - de ((définir )),(sauve-
garder )),<<protéger )> et ((reconnaître ))ses droits -, rôle pour lequel,
semble-t-il, la Cour était requise de rendre une décisionjudiciaire. Sans
aucun doute, une telle décisioneût exigéun lienjuridictionnel entre l'in-

tervenant et les Parties au différend, etj'approuve laCour d'avoir conclu
que, sous cet aspect, l'objet de l'intervention italienne ne pouvait être
atteint sansun lienjuridictionnel convenable entre l'Italieet Malte et entre
l'Italie et la Libye.
En résumé,donc, l'objet de l'intervention italienne est atteint, sous ses
deux aspects, dans toute la mesure où cela était du pouvoirde la Cour. On
peut mêmedire que lebut quiconsistait à informer laCour del'étenduedes
intérêts italiensa ététotalement atteint. Pour ce qui est de l'autre but de

l'intervention, qui étaitde faire << reconnaître D,<(sauvegarder )>et ((pro-
téger ))les intérêtsde l'Italie, la Cour, comme je viens de l'indiquer, a
déclaré ne pouvoir juger en l'absence d'unlien juridictionnel entre l'in-
tervenant et les Parties au différend. Ainsila Cour a fait, dans les circons-
tances de l'espèce,tout son possible pour donner satisfaction à l'Italie,
dans la mesure où elle pouvait le faire dans les limites prescrites à l'ar-

ticle 62 de son Statut, en l'absence d'un lienjuridictionnel, et malgrél'op-
position desdeux Parties au différend.Ellen'apas apparemment trouvéle
moyen de répondre à la demande qui lui étaitfaite de ((reconnaître ))les
droits italiens, car cela l'eût entraînée à exercer son pouvoirjudiciaire, ce
qu'elle nepouvait faire sans le consentement des Parties au différend.
Dans ces conditions, il sembleque la Cour ait consenti à l'Italie tout ce
qu'ellepouvait luiaccorder dans lecadrede l'article62eten l'absence d'un

lienjuridictionnel. Il estvrai que l'intervention lui aété refusée ;maisiln'y
a là rien qui puisse passer pour une injustice. Si d'ailleurs j'ai votépour
l'arrêtde la Cour, la raison majeure en est précisément que,mêmesans
admettre l'intervention de l'Italie, la Cour a nettement affirmé que les
intérêts italiensdans la régionconsidérée resteraientpour elle une préoc-
cupation de la plus haute importance. Cela étant,accepter l'intervention
n'eût rien ajouté à l'information de la Cour. Par ailleurs, admettre la

requêtede l'italieaurait évidemmenteupour résultatde soumettre cet Etat 33 CONTINENTAL SHELF (SEP.OP. NAGENDRA SINGH)

the obligationsimposed by Article 59 on the parties before the Court. In
short, therefore, it would appear that the Court has given to Italy by this
Judgment al1that it could be entitIed to in the circumstances of this case,
and that, too,withoutholding it bound by theforthcomingjudgment in the

Libya/Malta case by virtue of Article 59. The net result should therefore
satisfy Italy.
(ii) Furthermore, what 1wish to emphasizerelates to the need to allow
the would-beintervener to have access to the pleadings of the parties to a
dispute, because it does not answer the cal1of judicial propriety if the
would-beintervener is asked to plead, blindfold so to speak, without the
pleadings of theparties. Thisessentialfacility was denied to Malta in 1981
and now to Italy in this case, although it was pleaded by the Parties to the
present dispute that the applicant, having had its Say when invoking
Article 62 of the Statute, need not be given a further hearing by way of
intervention as stipulated in Articles 82 to 85 of the Rules of Court. In
other words, it has been argued by the Parties that if the would-be inter-
vener was heard once it should suffice for the purpose of cautioning the
Court. If it was everso,it would appear that the would-beintervenermust
be supplied with the pleadings of the parties in order to have its full Say

with a view to effectively warning the Court of its interests. It is true, of
course, that Parties objected in both these cases to their pleadings being
made available to the would-beintervener,but then they could not argue
that the applicant had had its full say in the matter. It would therefore
appearto be in theinterests of theparties toa dispute to agreeto maketheir
pleadings available to the would-beintervener in order that they may be
fully apprised of third party interests, of which the Court would also like
to be equally and fully informed. In the present case, the fact that the
pleadings of the Parties to the dispute were not made available to the
applicant weighs to the extent that, as a consequence,the applicant could
have failed to present to the Court as complete,clear and precise a state-
ment of its interests as might have been possible had it had accessto those
pleadings. Such a statement is manifestlydesirablealso for the Court soas
to enable it to decide correctly on the admissibility of the intervention
itself. Thus, it is in the interests of justice that the would-be intervener
shouldhave access to the pleadings of the parties to a dispute. However, 1

amsatisfiedthat in thepresent case,despite thislacuna,the Court hasbeen
able to get a sufficient overall picture of the Italian interests to enable it to
come to a decision on theApplication. Nevertheless, the aspectrelating to
pleadings of parties being made accessible to the would-be intervener
should be borne in mind by al1concerned in future cases of interven-
tion.
(iii) Lastly, 1wish to emphasizethat despite the two negativedecisions
of the Court in 1981and in this case, the institution of intervention which
existsasenshrinedinArticle 62of the Statute isstillverymuch available to
the community, provided it is sought within the limits prescribed by that
Article. TheCourt has now made it abundantly clear that if the intervener
expects determination of any of its claims, whch involves an exercise inaux obligations que l'article59du Statut impose auxparties enlitige. Bref,
ilsemblebien que laCour, par sonarrêt,aitaccordé à l'Italie toutce qu'elle
pouvait lui accorder dans les circonstances de l'espèce, et celasans que

l'Italiesetrouve liéeenvertu de l'article59par l'arrêtenir dans l'affaire
Libye/Malte. Le résultat final devrait donc satisfaire l'Italie.

ii) Je voudrais aussi souligner l'utilitéqu'il y auraitorder au can-
didat àl'intervention l'accèsauxpiècesécritesdesparties principales, faute
desquellesil setrouveobligédeplaider, sij'osedire,àl'aveuglette,cequi ne
répondpas aux exigences d'une bonne justice. Ce moyen essentiel, après
avoirétérefusé à Malte en 1981,vient del'êtrà l'Italie,bien quelesParties
audifférendeussentplaidé enlaprésenteespèceque lerequérant,ayant pu
faireconnaître ses vues en vertu de l'article 62, n'avait pasre entendu
plus avant conformément aux règlesde l'intervention inscrites aux ar-
ticles82 à85du Règlementde la Cour ;en d'autres termes, silecandidaà

l'intervention était entendu une fois, cela devait suffire pour informer la
Cour. Si vraiment il en est ainsi, il semble que l'Etat en question devrait
recevoir communication des écritures des parties, de façon à pouvoir
s'exprimerpleinementet à correctement informer la Cour de sesintérêtsI.l
est vrai que, dans ces deux affaires, les Parties avaient objeàtla com-
munication de leurs écrituresau requérant ;mais, alors, elles ne peuvent
prétendre quecelui-cis'estpleinement exprimé.Il sembledonc qu'ilserait
dans l'intérêdtes parties en litige d'accepter que leurs écritures soient
communiquées à 1'Etat cherchant à intervenir, afin d'êtreelles-mêmes
suffisamment au fait des intérêtsdes Etats tiers, dont la Cour elle aussi
tientà êtrepareillement et suffisamment informée.En l'espèce,lefait que
le requérant n'a pas eu accèsaux écritures des Parties encause revêtune
certaineimportance, dans cesensqu'ilapu ainsiêtreempêché de présenter

àla Cour un exposéaussiclair,complet etpertinent de sesintérêtqsuecelui
qu'ilaurait pu soumettre s'ilavait disposéde cespièces.De toute évidence
un telexposéest égalementutile à laCour pour qu'elle puissebienjuger de
l'admissibilitéde l'intervention. Il est doncdans l'intéte lajustice que
1'Etatcherchant a intervenir soit en mesure de consulter les pièces écrites
des partiesà un différend.Il m'apparaît cependant qu'en l'espèce, malgré
cette lacune, laCour apu avoir une idée d'ensemblesuffisante desintérêts
italiens pour pouvoir se prononcer sur la requête. Néanmoins,dans toute
affaire future d'intervention, la mise des piècesde procédureà la dispo-
sition de 1'Etatcherchant à intervenir ne devra pas êtreperdue de vue.

iii) Enfinje tiensàaffirmer que, malgréles décisionsnégatives rendues
par la Cour en 1981et dansla présenteaffaire, l'institution de l'interven-
tion, telle que prévuà l'article 62du Statut de la Cour, reste ouveràela
communauté internationale, à condition d'êtreutiliséedans les limites
prescrites par cet article. La Cour a maintenant suffisamment précisé que,
sil'intervenant demandeune décisionsuruneprétention formuléeparlui,adjudication, this would necessitate ajurisdictional link between the par-
ties to the dispute and the intervener. However, as far ascautioning the
Court of the interests of the third party is concerned, thisn always be
achieved by an application under Article 62 without establishing any
jurisdictional link.Thesaid provision of the Statute has therefore a utility
of its own, however limited it may be.

(Signed)NAGENDRA SINGH.c'est-à-direune décisionjudiciairede la Cour, un lienjuridictionnel entre
l'intervenant et les parties au différend est indispensable.Si par contre il
s'agit d'informer la Courdes intérsed'Etat tiers, celapeut sefaire dans
tous les cas au moyen d'une requêtefaite en vertu de l'articlet sans
établirl'existenced'unlienjuridictionnel. Cet article du Statut a donc son
utilitépropre, aussi limitée soit-elle.

(Signé NAGENDRA SINGH.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Separate Opinion of Judge Nagendra Singh

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