Declaration of Judge Koretsky (as appended immediately after the judgment)

Document Number
048-19631202-JUD-01-02-EN
Parent Document Number
048-19631202-JUD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

of which will be placed in the archives of the Court and the others
transmitted to the Government of the Federal Republic of Cam-
eroon and to the Government ofthe United Kingdom ofGreat Britain
and Northern Ireland, respectively.

(Signed) B. WINIARÇKI,
President.

(Signed) GARNIERC - OIGNET,

Registrar.

Judge SPIROPOULO Sakes the following declaration:

1 do not share the view of the Court. 1consider that the Appli-
cation of the Republic of Cameroon is admissible and that the Court
has jurisdiction to examine the merits of the dispute of which it is
seised.

Judge KORETSKY makes the following declaration
1 cannot agree with the Judgment of the Court, as it has been
reached without observance of relevant rules and principles laid
down in the Rules of Court.
The Judgment was adopted in the stage of an examination of a
preliminary objection, which delimits itself quite precisely from the
stage of an examination of the ments of an Application. The Court
passed by the question of iis jurisdiction and turned to the question

of the inadmissibility of the claims of the Republic of Cameroon.
If the question of inadmissibility is raised, not on the ground
of non-observance of the purely formal requirements of the Rules,
e.g. non-observance of Article 32 (2) of the Rules, but in respect
of the substance of the Application (rationemateriae),then the Court
should first decide on its jurisdiction and subsequently consider the
plea of inadmissibility. This is a broadly accepted ru1eventure to
cite, from among many authoritative opinions, the statement of
Judge Sir Percy Spender in his Separate Opinion in the Interhandel
case (I.C.J. Reports 1959, p. 54) that the Court was obliged first
to satisfy itself that it has jurisdiction and then to treat a plea to
the admissibility of the Application. The same was said by Judge
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht in his Dissenting Opinion (ibid ..,100)
"that according to the established practice of the Court preliminary
objections must be examined-and rejected-before the plea of
admissibility is examined". But the Court has said in this case, without dealing with the
question of its jurisdiction, that a judgment on the claims of the
Republic of Cameroon "would be without objectU-that is, the
Court has appraised Cameroon's claims on their merits. Such an
appraisal could only be made at a later stage in the proceedings
(on the merits), and by such an appraisal the Court substituted for
the stage of deciding on preliminary objections to jurisdiction the
stage of deciding the case on its merits.
One cannot regard rules of procedure as being simply technical.
They determine not only a way of proceeding but procedural rights
of parties aswell. Their strict observance in the International Court

of Justice, one might Say, is even more important than in national
courts. The Court may not change them en passant in deciding a
given case. A revision of the Rules of Court should be effected
(if necessary) in an orderly manner and, in any case, the changed
rules should be known to parties beforehand.

Thus the Court, in accordance with the Rules of Court, ought
first to have decided whether it had-or had not-jurisdiction in
this case without prejudging its futuredecision in this case on the
merits and then, observing the Rules of Court, to have passed to a
further stage of the proceedings connected with the examination of
the claims of the Republic of Cameroon on their merits.

Judge JESSUP makes the following declaration :
In view of the reasoning in the Judgment of the Court, with
which 1entirely agree, 1 do not find it necessary to explain why 1
believe that, if it were necessary to pa.ss upon the jurisdictional
issues which have been raised, the reasoning in pages422 to 436 of

my Separate Opinion in the South West Africa cases (I.C.J.Reports
1962, p.319) would be equally valid here.

Judges WELLINGTON KOO,Sir Percy SPENDERS , ir Gerald FITZ-
MAURICE and MORELLIappend to the Judgment of the Court
statements of theirSeparate Opinions.

Juilges BADAWIand BUSTAMANT YE RIVEROand Judge ad hoc
BEB ~1DONappend to the Judgment of the Court statements of

their Dissenting Opinions.

(Initialled) B. W

(Initialled) G.-C.

Bilingual Content

of which will be placed in the archives of the Court and the others
transmitted to the Government of the Federal Republic of Cam-
eroon and to the Government ofthe United Kingdom ofGreat Britain
and Northern Ireland, respectively.

(Signed) B. WINIARÇKI,
President.

(Signed) GARNIERC - OIGNET,

Registrar.

Judge SPIROPOULO Sakes the following declaration:

1 do not share the view of the Court. 1consider that the Appli-
cation of the Republic of Cameroon is admissible and that the Court
has jurisdiction to examine the merits of the dispute of which it is
seised.

Judge KORETSKY makes the following declaration
1 cannot agree with the Judgment of the Court, as it has been
reached without observance of relevant rules and principles laid
down in the Rules of Court.
The Judgment was adopted in the stage of an examination of a
preliminary objection, which delimits itself quite precisely from the
stage of an examination of the ments of an Application. The Court
passed by the question of iis jurisdiction and turned to the question

of the inadmissibility of the claims of the Republic of Cameroon.
If the question of inadmissibility is raised, not on the ground
of non-observance of the purely formal requirements of the Rules,
e.g. non-observance of Article 32 (2) of the Rules, but in respect
of the substance of the Application (rationemateriae),then the Court
should first decide on its jurisdiction and subsequently consider the
plea of inadmissibility. This is a broadly accepted ru1eventure to
cite, from among many authoritative opinions, the statement of
Judge Sir Percy Spender in his Separate Opinion in the Interhandel
case (I.C.J. Reports 1959, p. 54) that the Court was obliged first
to satisfy itself that it has jurisdiction and then to treat a plea to
the admissibility of the Application. The same was said by Judge
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht in his Dissenting Opinion (ibid ..,100)
"that according to the established practice of the Court preliminary
objections must be examined-and rejected-before the plea of
admissibility is examined".archives de la Cour et dont les autres seront transmis respective-
ment au Gouvernement de la République fédéraledu Cameroun et
au Gouvernement du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et
d'Irlande du Nord.

Le Président,
(Signé) B. WINIARSKI.

Le Greffier,

(Sig91é)GARNIER-COIGNET.

M. SPIROPOULOS ju,ge, fait la déclaration suivan:e

Je ne partage pas l'opinion de la Cour. Je considère que la
requête de la République du Cameroun est recevable et que la
Cour est compétente pour examiner au fond le différend dont elle
est saisie.

M. KORETSKYj,uge, fait la déclaration suivante:
Je ne puis souscrireà l'arrêtde la Cour, en tant qu'il n'a pas été
établi conformément aux règles et principes pertinents définispar
le Règlement de la Cour.
Cet arrêtest rendu au stade de l'examen des exceptions prélimi-
naires, stade qui se distingue trèsprécisémentde celui de l'examen

de la requêtequant au fond. Négligeant la question de sa compé-
tence, la Cour a traité de la question de l'irrecevabilité des deman-
des de la Ré~ubliaue du Cameroun.
Si la question de l'irrecevabilité est soulevéenon point à raison
de l'inobservation des prescriptions purement formelles du Règle-
inent, telles que l'article 32, paragraphe2,mais à l'égard du fond
de la requête (ratione rnateriae),la Cour doit tout d'abord se pro-
noncer sur sa compétence, pour examinerensuitel'exception d'irre-
cevabilité. C'estlà une règle largement admise. Je me permettrai
de citer, parmi de nombreux avis autorisés, celui que sir Percy
Spender a énoncédans son opinion individuelle en l'affaire de
l'lnterhandel (C.I.J. Recueil 1959 ,. 54) et aux termes duquel la
Cour est tenue de s'assurer qu'elle est compétente avant de se
prononcer sur une exception ayant trait à la recevabilité de la
requête. Lemêmepoint de vue a étéexprimépar sir Hersch Lauter-
pacht dans son opinion dissidente (ibid p.,100): «les exceptions
préliminaires, conformément à la pratique établie par la Cour,

doivent être examinées - et rejetées - avant l'examen de la
demande portant sur la recevabilité ». But the Court has said in this case, without dealing with the
question of its jurisdiction, that a judgment on the claims of the
Republic of Cameroon "would be without objectU-that is, the
Court has appraised Cameroon's claims on their merits. Such an
appraisal could only be made at a later stage in the proceedings
(on the merits), and by such an appraisal the Court substituted for
the stage of deciding on preliminary objections to jurisdiction the
stage of deciding the case on its merits.
One cannot regard rules of procedure as being simply technical.
They determine not only a way of proceeding but procedural rights
of parties aswell. Their strict observance in the International Court

of Justice, one might Say, is even more important than in national
courts. The Court may not change them en passant in deciding a
given case. A revision of the Rules of Court should be effected
(if necessary) in an orderly manner and, in any case, the changed
rules should be known to parties beforehand.

Thus the Court, in accordance with the Rules of Court, ought
first to have decided whether it had-or had not-jurisdiction in
this case without prejudging its futuredecision in this case on the
merits and then, observing the Rules of Court, to have passed to a
further stage of the proceedings connected with the examination of
the claims of the Republic of Cameroon on their merits.

Judge JESSUP makes the following declaration :
In view of the reasoning in the Judgment of the Court, with
which 1entirely agree, 1 do not find it necessary to explain why 1
believe that, if it were necessary to pa.ss upon the jurisdictional
issues which have been raised, the reasoning in pages422 to 436 of

my Separate Opinion in the South West Africa cases (I.C.J.Reports
1962, p.319) would be equally valid here.

Judges WELLINGTON KOO,Sir Percy SPENDERS , ir Gerald FITZ-
MAURICE and MORELLIappend to the Judgment of the Court
statements of theirSeparate Opinions.

Juilges BADAWIand BUSTAMANT YE RIVEROand Judge ad hoc
BEB ~1DONappend to the Judgment of the Court statements of

their Dissenting Opinions.

(Initialled) B. W

(Initialled) G.-C. CAMEROUN SEPTENTRIONAL (ARRÊT DU 2 XII 63) 4O

Mais, dans la présente espèce, la Cour a dit, sans traiter de la
question de compétence, qu'un arrêt sur les demandes de la Répu-
blique du Cameroun ((serait sans objet »- ce qui revient à dire
que la Cour a appréciéles demandes du Cameroun quant au fond.
Une telle appréciation ne pouvant se faire qu'à un stade postérieur
de la procédure (lefond), la Cour a, par cette opération, substitué

le stade du règlement quant au fond au stade de la décisionsur les
exceptions préliminaires d'incompétence.
On ne saurait attribuer aux règles de procédure un caractère
purement technique. Elles fixent non seulement la manière de
procéder, mais aussi les droits procéduraux des parties. On peut
dire qu'il est encore plus important de les observer strictement à
la Cour internationale de Justice que dans les tribunaux nationaux.
La Cour ne saurait les modifier en passant, alors qu'elle tranche une
affaire donnée. La revision du Règlement de la Cour doit se faire
(si elle est nécessaire) régulièrement et, en tout cas, le Règlement

amendé doit êtreconnu des parties à l'avance.
Par conséquent, la Cour aurait dû, conformément à son Règle-
ment, déterminer en premier lieu si elle avait - ou non - com-
pétence en l'affaire, sans préjuger sa décisionéventuelle quant au
fond, et, dans le respect de son Règlement, elle aurait dû passer
alors au stade suivant de la procédure concernant l'examen au
fond des demandes de la République du Cameroun.

M. JESSUP, juge, fait la déclaration suivante:
Eu égardaux motifs de l'arrêtde la Cour, auxquels je m'associe

entièrement, je ne crois pas nécessaired'expliquer pourquoi je con-
sidère que, s'il était nécessaire de se prononcer sL1rles questions de
compétence qui ont été soulevées, le raisonnenient développéaux
pages 422 à 436 de mon opinion individuelle dans les affaires du
Sud-Ouest africain (C. I. J.Recueil 1962, p. 319) serait également
valable dans la p~ésenteespèce.

M. WELLINGTOK NOO, sir Percy SPENDER,sir Gerald FITZ-

MAURICE et M. MORELLIj,uges, joignent à l'arrêtles exposés de
leur opinion individuelle.

MM. BADAWe It BCSTAMANT YERIVEKOj,uges, et M. BEB A DON,
juge ad hoc,joignent à l'arrêtles exposésde leur opinion dissidente.

(Paraphé) B. IV.

fPara#hGJ G.-C.

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Document Long Title

Declaration of Judge Koretsky (as appended immediately after the judgment)

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