INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
PLEADlNGS, ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS
CASE CONCERNING DELIMITATION
OF THE MARITIMEBOUNDARY
IN THE GULF OF MAINE AREA
(CANADA/UNITESTATESOFAMERICA)
VOLUMEVllI
MapsCharandlllustrations
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
MÉMOIRES, PLAIDOIRIES ET DOCUMENTS
AFFAIRE DE LA DÉLIMITATION
DE-LA FRONTIÈRE MARITIME
DANS LA RÉGION DU GOLFE DU MAINE
VOLUME VI11
Carteset illustrations INTERNATIONALCOURTOF JUSTICE
PLEADINGS, ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS
CASECONCERNINGDELIMITATION
OF THE MARITIMEBOUNDARY
IN THEGULF OF MAINE AREA
(CANADAIUNITED STATESOF AMERICA)
VOLUMEVI11
Maps,Chartsand Illustrations
COURINTERNATIONALEDE JUSTICE
MÉMOIRES. PLAIDOIRIES ET DOCUMENTS
AFFAIRE DE LA DÉLIMITATION
DE LA FRONTIÈRE MARITIME
DANS LA RÉGION DU GOLFEDU MAINE
VOLUMEVI11
Cartesetillustrations TABLEOF MAPS,CHARTSAND ILLUSTRATIONS
This Table lists the mans. charts and illustrations in the order of their amear-
ance within the written prhceedings. In the margin, the ringed numerais cor-
respond to the numherina of the maps, charts and illustrations reproduced in
this Volume. The ahsenci of anv rineed numeral or reference to a Volume of
ihir çdiiion signil'ies that ihç ill;rtracin quertion has no1heen reproduced
'lhe 'lïhle also lists. with sirnilx indicïtions. the maps ïnd charts deposited
durine the oral nroceedines which have been renroduced in this Volume. It
dues no[. huwci,ér.list the kaPr and charts u,ed during the hcdring which had
already ïppeared in the written procccdings or hai,e no1hcen reproduced in
thi>ediiion, for\ihich ihç reader should iurn ta ihe ieni of the oral arguments or
to the correspondence (Vols. \'I and VII).
'nie rcprudu~.tion, in this Volume arc of 3 purcly illu\trativc characier, and
neither ihe typography nor the preseniation of the puhlished n~aps,charts and
illustr.itions. which ha\e sometimes had io he miirkedly \sdled down. ma) be
used for the purpose of interpreting the texts reproduced.
TABLEDES CARTES ETILLUSTRATIONS
La nrésente table reeroune toutes les cartes et illustrations des pièces de
procedure tsriie, dan, Furdie de leur présentation dans cespieces. p e shiffres
cercles figurant en mdrpe correspondeni du nurnérotïge des çdrtes et illusirï-
tions renriduites dans 1; nrésentiolume. L'absence detout chiffre cercléou de
tout renvoià un volume de la présenteédition signifie qu'une carte ou une illus-
tration n'est pas reproduite.
Cette table comnrend éealement.avec une telle indication. les cartes dé~o-
s>csau cour>de laprocéd;reorale qui sani reproduites dans le préseni\alurne.
En revanche, la tahlz n'tnumere pil\ Icï carte, utili>ies en dudience qui figu-
raieni déjdddns des pièccsde procédureccritc ou qui n'ont pdset> rcpruduitcs
ddns 13 prCscniç>dition. pour lesquelleson re reportera au teitte desplaidoiries
et de la correspondance (vol. VI et \'II).
I.es reproductions du prksent i,ulumc n'ont qu'un caraciere d'illustration et
ni la ~pographie ni 13preseniation des caries et illusrrdtioni publieci, qui on1
dU parfois whir de fortes réductionr, nesauraieni etre utilisees aux fins de I'in-
terprétation des textes reproduits Mernorial of Canada
@ Figure 1. Claims of the Parties at 29 March 1979.
@ FiguMainearea.ms of the Parties at 29March 1979and hathymetry of the Gulf of
Figure 3. Construction of the Canadian line.
a Figure 4. Outstanding offshore oil and gas exploratory pemits in the Gulf of
Maine area.
Figure 5. Construction of the Parties' 200-milefishing zones.
@
@ Figure 6. New Brunswick-Maineland boundary.
@ Figure 7. Directional trends of the Atlantic Coastof North America.
Figure 8. Coasts and major geographic features of the Gulf of Maine area.
@
Figure 9. Trafic separation schemesin the Gulf of Maine.
Figure 10. Coastal communities fishing on Georges Bank.
Figure II. Southwest counties of Nova Scotia and the Fundy shore of
New Bmnswick.
Figure 12. Artist'srendition ofthe topography of part of the Atlanticcontinen-
ta1margin in the Gulf of Mainearea, showing continental shelf edge, con-
tinental slopeand continental rise.
Figure 13. Physiographic provinces of the continental shelf.
Figure 14. Intemal geological structure ofthe continental margin intheGulf of
Maine area.
Figure 15. Tectonicfeatures of the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 16. Structural elements and sedimentary hasins, Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 17. Geological cross-sections across Georges Bank (BB')through the
Scotian Shelf (AN) and the East Coast Shelffrom Cape Cod (CC').
Figure 18. Tidal systems in the Gulfof-1hour before lowwaterat
Saint John.
Figure 19. Tidal systems in the Gulf o- 2hours after low water al
@ SaintJohn.
Figure 20. Georges Bank gyre.
Figure 21. Biogeographic provinces.
Figure 22. ICNAF subareas and divisions.
@
@ Figure 23. Statistical units of lCNAF subdivision 5Ze.
Figure 24. Comparative value of Canadian and United States catches on
GeorgesBank: 1969-1978U.S. prices.
Figure 25. Comparative value of Canadian and United States catches on
Georges Bank: 1969.1978Canadian prices.
Figure 26. Comparative value ofdian and United States catches on
Georges Bank: 1969.1978Canadian and U.S. prices.
@ Figure 27. Distribution of inshore and offshore lobster and scallop landings,
Nova Scotia. Figure 28. Distribution of inshore and offshore pelagic spscies landings,
Nova Scotia.
Figure 29. Fish processing plant facilities, Nova Scotia.
Figure 30. Fish processing plant employmenl, Nova Scotia.
Figure 31. Canadian offshore oil and gasexploratory permits at June 1965.
Figure 32. Constmction of the Canadian line.
Figure 33. Effect of CapeCod on equidistance.
Figure 34. Coastdl "wings" of the Gulf of Maine area.
Fi-ure 35. Canadian offshore oil and-.as ~ermittees at Januarv 1965.
Canadian HydrographicSrrvicc chari 4003<'.Thischart illusiraies iheclaimsof
the Parties (ingziher uiih the point and ihe arc3 refc10cinArticle II,
paragraph 1,of the Special ~greement).
@) Canadian Hydrographic Servicechart 4003E. This chart illustrates the method
of construction of thenadian line.
Annexes totheMemorialof Canada
Publicand OfficialDocuments(Vol.II)
Annex 48
Canadd-Nova Scotia Agreement - offshore region.
Sable Island, Nova Scotia.
Diplomatic and Official Correspondence
(Vol.III)
Arinex1
Cape Flattery area.
Copalis Beach area.
Artnex2
Canada lands offshore oil and gas permits.
Annex 3
@ East coast -Georges Bank. Disposition of submerged resources. Portion ofGulf
of St. Lawrence and Atlantic map No. 150reconstmcted to illustrate ex-
ploratory permits issued as at April 8, 1965.Land Management Branch,
Canada Oil and Gas Lands Administration, May 1982.
West coast- Juan de Fuca Strait. Disposition of submerged resources. Portion
of Pacific map No. 100 reconstmcted to illustrate exploratory permits
issued as at April-8, 1965. Land Management Branch, Canada Oil and
Gas Lands Administration, May 1982.
West coast- Dixon Entrance. Disposition of submerged resources. Port,ionof
Pacific map No. 100reconstructed to illustrateexploratory permits issued
asat April8.1965. Land Management Branch, Canada Oil and Gas Lands
Administration, May 1982. TABLE OF MAPS, CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 5
Annex 8
Eastc03st -Georges Rank. Di,po,itionofsuhmerged resources.Portion ofGulf
of St. Lawrence and Atlantic mal, No. 150reconstmcted to illustraie ex-
ploraior) permits issurda\ai ~uiust 30. 1966.land Management Hranch.
Canada Oil and Gan Lands Administration. May 1982.
Annex 9
East coast -Georges Bank. Disposition of submerged resources. Portion of Gulf
of St. Lawrence and Atlantic map No. 150reconstmcted to illustrate ex-
ploratory permits issued as at Novemher 22, 1966. Land Management
Branch, Canada Oil andGas Lands Administration, May 1982.
West coast -Juan de Fuca Strait. Disposition of suhmerged resources. Portion
of Pacific map No. 100 reconstmcted to illustrate exploratory permits
issued as at November 22, 1966.Land Management Branch, Canada Oil
andGas Lands Administration, May 1982.
West coast - Dixon Entrance. Disposition of suhmerged resources. Portion of
Pacific map No. 100reconstmcted to illustrate exploratory permits issued
as al Novemher 22,1966. Land Management Branch, Canada Oil and Gas
Lands Administration, May 1982.
Annex46
Map attached to Canadian diplomatic note No. 626 of 22 December 1976.
Co-ordinales of the limits of the continental shelf and prospective fisheries
jurisdiction.
Supplernentary EconornicData and Statistical
Documents (Vol. IV)
Annex 2
Spring 1969-1978. Total biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Total biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. American plaice biomass raught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969.1978. American plaice hiomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Argentine biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Argentine hiomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Cod hiomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Cod biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Cusk biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Cusk hiomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969.1978, Flatfish (UNSP) biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Flatfish (UNSP) biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Haddock biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Haddock biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Halibut biomass caught per -et (in kilograrns).
Fall 1969-1978. Halibut biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Pollock hiomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Pollock biomass caught per set (in kilograms). 6 GULFOF MAINE
Spring 1969-1978. Red hake biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Red hake biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Redfish biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Redfish biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Silverhake biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Silverhake biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969.1978. White hake biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. White hake biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Witch fiounder biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Witch flounder biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Spring 1969-1978. Yellowtail fiounder biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Fall 1969-1978. Yellowtail fiounder biomass caught per set (in kilograms).
Mernorial of the United States of Arnerica
Figure 1. North America.
Figure 2. East wast of North America.
@) Figure 3. East coast of North America, with bathymetry.
Figure 4. Political subdivisionsin the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 5. Water circulation in the Gulf of Maine area.
@
Figure 6. Phytoplankton concentrations along the eastcoast of North America
from south of New York City to Nova Scotia.
Figure 7. Ranges ofstocks ofsixteen commercially important species,inazone
@ extending from Block Island (Rhode Island), across Georges Bank, the
Northeast Channel, and Browns Bank to LaHave Bank.
@ Figure 8. Dividing line between statistical areas XXI (Nova Scotia) and XXll
(New England) established by the North American Council on Fishery
Investigations (NACFI) in 1931.
Figure 9. Dividing line between subareas 4 and 5 established by the Interna-
@ tional Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) in 1950.
Figure 10. Harvest in ICNAF subareas 3, 4 5nshowing proportionate
shares taken by the United States, Canada, and third countries, 1952to
1980.
Figure II. Area subject ta Call for Nominations in United States Outer Con-
@ tinental Shelfase Sale Number 42, 17June 1975.
Figure 12. "A chart of Georges Bank,including Cape Cod, Nantucket and the
shoals lying on their wast, with directions for sailing over the same, etc.
Surveyed by Capt. Paul Pinkham", 1797.
Figure 13. Division of search and rescue regions in the Gulf of Maine area.
@ Figure 14. Agreed division of defense responsibility: Change in Operational
@
Control (CHOP) Line utilized by the United States and Canada from 1940
to 1945.
Figure 15. Air Defense Identification Zones. TABLEOF MAPS, CHARTSAND ILLUSTRATIONS 7
Figure 16. United States law enforcement line to protect the lohster of the
United Statescontinental shelf.
Figure 17. Extent of fisheries jurisdiction claimed by the United States and
Canada in 1976.
Figure 18. Grisbadarna: Boundary lines proposed hy the Swedish and Nor-
wegian commissioners, 1897.(Base maps compiledfrom "Kart over Grise-
baaene-Torhjornskjaer-Herfnl- KNistako,ste0r),
Figure 19. Grisbadarna: Primary boundary lines proposed by Sweden and
Nonvay tothe Tribunalcontrasted with the lines proposed bythe Swedish
and Nonvegian commissioners in 1897.(Base maps compiled from "Kart
oveGrisebaaene-Torhj0rnskjaer-Herfe l-Ntardakos08)r
@ Figure 20. Grisbadama: Primary boundary lines proposed by Sweden and
Nonvay to the Tribunal and the boundary established by the Tribunal.
(Base maps compiled from "Kart over Grisebaaene-Torbj0rnskjaer-
Herfol-Nordkoster", Kristiania, 1908.)
Figure 21. Sixof thee houndary areas depicted by the Federal Repuhlic of
Germany inthe North Sea ConrinentalShelfcases. (I.C.J. Pleadings,Vol.II,
p.28;Vol.I,p.M,Fig.8;Vol.I,p.44,Fig.9;Vol .I,Vp., 7,Fig.
p. 46,Fig. ;Vol. 1,p. 43, Fig. 7.)
Figure 22. Equidistant line among Venezuela, Netherlands Antilles and
Colomhia depicted by the Federal Republic of Germany in the North Sea
Continenral Shelfcases (A) (I.C.J. Pleadings, Vol. 1, p. 49, Fig. 14), con-
trasted with the agreed boundary between Venezuela and the Netherlands
entered into force 15Decemher 1978(B).
Figure 23. Equidistant line in the English Channel depicted by the Federal
Republic of Germany in the North Sea Continental Shelfcases (A) (I.C.J.
Pleadings, Vol. 1,p. 48, Fig. 13),contrasted with the award in the Anglo-
FrenchArbitrat(B).
Figure 24. Comparison of an equidistant line to a perpendicular line in the
Gulf of Maine area, from the Memorial of the Federal Repuhlic of Ger-
many (I.C.J. Fleadin~s,NNahSea ConfinentalShelf; p.45. F-g. 10).
@ Figure 25. Grÿph hased upon the methudsmployed inthe Argument of Yrofçs-
sor Jlienicke of the Federal Repuhlic of Gennany in the Norrh Sea Conri-
nenral Shellcaies (I.C.J. Plrudingsp.29)zxtrndcd to 200 nautical
miles (370kilometres) seaward of the coastïine.
Figure 26. General direction of the coast: 54" (tme).
@ Figure 27. Perpendicular to the general direction of the coast at the interna-
@)
tional boundary terminus.
@ Figure 28. Perpendicular tothe general direction of the coast from the starting
point established by Article II of the Special Agreement.
Figure 29. Perpendicular to the general direction of the coast, adjusted to
@ maintain the integrity of German Bank and Browns Bank.
Figure 30. Boundary in the Gulf of Maine areaproposed by the United States.
@
@ Figure 31. Seawardextensions of United States and Canadian coastalfrontsin
the Gulf of Maine area.
@ Figure 32. Equidistant line.
Figure 33. Parallel of latitude reached by 200 nautical mile equidistant line
(40" 2'51" N).@ Figure 34. Proportionality test applied to the adjusted perpendicular line pro-
posed by the United States.
Figure 35.Proportionality test applied to the equidistant line.
@
@ Figure 36. Division of stocks of commercially important species by the
adjusted perpendicular lineand the equidistant line.
Annexes tothe Mernorialof the United States
ofArnerica
Docurnentary Annexes (Vol1)
Annex3
Figure 31. The continental shelf of the United-100and 1,000fathom
depth contourslongthe coastsof the United States.[See No.183,B.]
Annex4
Proposed boundary linein the watershetween Nomay and Sweden.
Proposed boundary linein the watersbetween Nomay and Sweden.
Docurnentary Annexes (Vol.I)
Annex16
The fishingbanks fromCape Cod to Labrador.
Annex23
Map showingthe east coast of Massachusetts includingCape Cod, Bostonand
Cape Ann.
Map showingthe eastern extremityof Georges Bank.
Map showingthe coastlinefromjust north of Cape Annto Penobscot Bay.
Map showingthe Bayof Fundy and the Nova Scotian peninsula.
Annex24
Chart of Georges Bank including Cape Cod, Nantucket and shoals lying on
their coast.
Annex25
Blunt'snewchart of thenortheastern coastof North America (1821).
Blunt's newchart of the Atlanticor WesternOcean (1826).
Blunt's1844chart.Thenortheastern coastof North America fromNew Yorkto
Cape Canso, including SableIsland (1844).
Annex 26
Anewchart ofthecoast of New Englandfrom Mount Desert RocktoGay Head
including Georges Bankand Shoals(1856).
Annex 27
Chart of GeorgesShoal and Bank(1837). TABLE OF MAPS C,HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 9
Annex 28
United States Coast and Geodetic Survev. chart No. 1000:an index of hvdro-
grïphic surveys conducted by the United States hetween 1842and'1928
from Cape Sable ioCape Hiitierar.
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, chart No. IOCQ:an index of hydro-
graphie surveys conducted by the United States between 1929and 1939
from Cape Sableto Cape Hatteras.
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, chart No. 1000:an index of hydro-
graphie surveys conducted by the United States between 1940and 1975
from Cape Sableto Cape Hatteras.
Annex29
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, chart No. 3075: Georges Bank,
eastern part, special chart for fishing industry (June 1934).
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, chart No. 3076: Georges Bank,
western part, special chart for fishing industry (1942).
Annex 30
Canadian Hydrographic Service 1980 Annual Activities Report: status of
surveys.
Canadian Hydrographic Service chart - approaches to the Bay of Fundy,
Canadian chart 425,first edition, 1924.
Annex 36
Map depicting Flight Information Regions (FIR) in the Atlantic area, as
adopted by ICA0 (Air Navigation Plan, North American and Pacific
Regions, 10ed., 1977,Doc. 8755/10, International Civil Aviation Organi-
zation).
Annex37
Map depicting Air Defense Identification Zones of the New England region.
Annex 38
Figure 10. East coast Canada hydrocarbon potential assessment area.
Figure I1. Estimates of oil and gas potentials for east coast Canada.
Figure 12. Projected gasdiscovery for east coast Canada.
Figure 13. Projected oil discovery for east coast Canada.
Figure 14. Arctic islands hydrocarbon potential assessment area.
Annex 39
A map of selected physiographic regions of eastem North America.
Anna 40
Enclosure 1.OCS permit E2-68. Exploration Surveys Inc. Seagravity Program.
Baltimore Canyon Basin and Georges Bank Basin. Proposed lines of con-
trol.
Enclosure IV.OCS permit E2-68.Exploration SurveysInc. Seagravity Program.
Baltimore Canyon Basin and Georges Bank Basin. Operational blocks.10 GULF OF MAINE
Annex42
Map showing the North Atlantic OCS areas under consideration for leasing.
Map showing the tract areas selected.
Figure 1. Form of the Sliding Royalty Schedule (Federal Regisier. Vol. 44,
No. 190).
Figure 1. Form of the Sliding Royalty Schedule (Federal Register, Vol. 44,
No. 223).
Annex 43
Figure 1. Form of the Sliding Royalty Schedule (Federal Register, Vol. 47,
No. 84).
Documentary Annexes (Vol.111)
Annex45
Map depictingthe subareas established bythe International Commission forthe
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries.
Arinex48
Figure 1. Georges Bank haddock: landings, index of ahundance and fishing
effort from 1920to 1951.The indexof ahundance isin thousandsof pounds
of fish landed per day's fishing bya standard trawler.
Figure 2. Georges Bank haddock: average weight offish landed by years from
1931to 1951.
Figure 3. Average lengthfrequencies of haddock caught, and haddock landed,
during seven observed trips to Georges Bank in 1951hy trawlers using a
27/8inch mesh: and length frequencies of haddock which would havebeen
landed had a 4'/2 inch mesh been used. The quantity represented by
the shaded area represents the initial reduction of landings in numhers of
fish.
Figure 4. A\,erïge length frequencies of haddock landed during an 18.year
period (1931-1948)using a 2'18inch mesh. and average Iengih frequensy
of haddock whish would have been landed had a 41,: in~----..~h.....-..-d
on the same population of fish. The quantity represented by the shaded
area represents the initial reduction in numben. The curve of length fre-
quencies ohtained from seven observed trips in 1951is superimposed for
comparison with curve of normal distribution.
Figure 5. Growth curve for Georges Bank haddock compared with growth
curves for haddock from other areas. Georges Bank data from Fish and
Wildlife Serviceunpublished records; other data fromThompson (1939).
Figure 6. Averageindex ofahundance ofeachageofGeorges Bankhaddockas
shown hy numhers of fish landed per day's fishing. Average of17yean
used. Forty-fivepercent annual mortality isindicatedforfish three yean of
age and older. Fish under three years of agearenot fullyrecmited.
Figure 7. Relation of yield to age of Tint capture for various proportions of
natural and fishing mortalities.
Figure 8. Relation of size of mesh to size of haddock retained. The results of
Clark (solid circles) were obtained from the experiments conducted on
board the Michigan. TABLEOF MAPS.CHARTSAND ILLUSTRATIONS
Documentary Annexes (Vol. IV)
Annex60
U.S. Geological Survey OCS permit El-74. Georgia Embayment and Georges
Bank areas; depth contours in metres.
Annex66
Co-ordinates of the limitsof thecontinental shelfand prospective fisheries juris-
diction.
Annex69
Canada's equidistance line in the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank area.
Canada's equidistanceline andadjustedequidistance linein theGulf of Maine/
Georges Bank area.
Annex73
Limitsof Canadian fisheries and continental shelfjurisdiction.
Annex77
Norwegian-Swedish continental shelf boundary.
Annex78
Territorial sea and continental shelf boundaries: France-Spain (Bay of Biscay).
Annex 79
Maritime boundary :Chile-Pem
Annex80
Maritime boundary : Ecuador-Pem.
Annex81
Maritime boundary :Colombia-Ecuador.
Annex82
Maritime boundary :Colomhia-Panama (Carihhean Sea).
Maritime boundary :Colombia-Panama (Pacific Ocean).
Annex83
Maritime boundary :Brazil-Umguay.
Annex84
Continental shelf boundary :Argentins-Umguay.
Annex85
Maritime boundaries: The Gambia-Senegal.
Annex86
Territorial sea and continental shelf boundary : Guinea--iSenegal
Annexa7
Maritime boundary: Kenya-Tanzania. Annex88
Maritime boundaries: Costa Rica-Panama.
Annex90
Continental shelf boundary: Greece-ltaly.
Documentaty Annex(Vol. V)
Annex94
Figure 19. Showing the sandbanks at the mouth of the Ems.
Figure 26. Showing the three-mile limit and a thirteen-mile limit in the North
Sea.
Figure 27. Showing the area of the small-fish grounds, which the English
trawlers desired to have closed for the presewation of immature fish.
Annex99
@) Proporiion~liiy tesi applisd io an equidiaiani line:lirea determined by reference
IOthe base points which determine ihat line.
Counter-Mernorial of Canada
Figure 1. The advancing claims of the United States.
@
@) Figure 2. The 1982 United States boundary proposal, the triangle and the
200-milezones.
Figure 3. Effects produced by selective representation of bathymetric con-
@ tours.
Figure 4. Juxtaposition ofeastern Canadaand theeastern United Stateseast of
@
longitude 96" West.
@ Figure 5. The international boundary terminus and the agreed point of com-
mencement (Point A) ofthe single maritime boundary.
Figure 6. Macrogeographical general directions of the east Coast of North
@ America on a Lambert Conformai projection.
@ Figure 7. General direction ofthe coasts in the Gulf of Maine area.
@ Figure 8. Opposite coasts.
@ Figur9.Adjacent coasts.
@ Figure 10. Mixed relationship of oppositeness and adjacency.
@ Figure II. Application to the outer area of the mathematical analysis of the
opposite or adjacent relationship of the coasts relative to the area to be
delimited.
Figure 12. The sectors comprising the Gulf of Maine area.
@ Figure 13. The Bayof Fundy and comparablebodies of water.
Figure 14. The English Channel and the Gulf of Maine area: the relevant
@ coasts.
Figure 15. Seaward extensions of the Canadian and United States wasts.
@ TABLE OMAPS ,HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 13
Figure 16. Subsurface sedimentary basins.
@
@ Figure 17. Computer-generated perspectives of the sea floor in the Gulf of
Maine area.
@ Figure 18. A comparative portrayal of selected submarine depressions.
Figure 19. Estimated oil spill probabilities from United States OCS Oil and
@ G~sLease SaleNo. 42.
@ Figure 20. Northem species of fish in the Gulf of Maine area.
@ Figure 21. Southem speciesof fishand invertebrates in theGulf of Mainearea.
Figure 22. Wide-ranging species of fishand invertebrates in the Gulf of Maine
@ area.
Fi-ure 23. Atlantic c-d migration barrier in the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 24. Aggregate biomass distribution of major groundfish species in the
Gulf of Mainerea.
Figure 25. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO)subarea 5.
@
@ Figure 26. Canadian and United States scallop catches in subdivision 5Ze by
IO-minutesquares,69-1978.
Figure 27. Value ofCanadian and United Statescatchesin the area ofGeorges
Bank claimed by Canada, 1969-1978,in 1978Canadian prices.
Figure 28. Theanadian Georges Bank fishery: the large-vesse1fleet.
Figure 29. Theanadian Georges Bank fishery:the small-boat fleet.
Figure 30. The Canadian Georges Bank fishery:swordfishcatches, 1960-1963.
Figure 31. Official United States representation of Canadian and United
@ Statesil and gas operations in the Gulf of Mainearea, 1980.
@ Figure 32. Map submitted ta the Canadian Govemment by the Company re-
ferred ta in th. s.mole oermit in Annex 40ta the United StatesMemorial.
Figure 33. Part of permit rnapattached io the letter of 30August 1966from the
Under-Srcretiiry of Siaie for Extcrnal AM~irsta the United State>tmhassy
in Ottawa.
Figure 34. Co-operative operational zones and maritime boundaries in the
NorthSea.
@ Figure 35. Co-operative operational zones and maritime boundaries in the
Gulfof Mexico.
Figure 36. Canadian search and rescueactivities Westand south of ICA0 Hali-
fax search and rescueon, Jaouary 1975-lune 1982.
Figure 37. World WaIICanadian defence responsibilities in the Gulf of
Mainearea.
Figure 38. Canadian naval dispositions in the Gulf of Maine area during the
international missiles, October-November 1962.
Figure 39. Application ofthe United States "single-State management" theory
in certain maritime regions. A: Argentins and Umguay; B: Senegal and
Guinea-Bissau.
Figure 40. Application oftheUnitedStates "single-Statei^ theory
in certain maritime regions. A: The Gulf; B: Morocco and Mauritania.
Figure 41. Seaward extensions perpendicular ta coastal fronts in the manner
depicted in Figure 31 of the United States Memorial. 14 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 42. The intersection of 200-milelimits.
Figure 43. nie "grey area".
@
@ Figure 44. The international houndary through territorial waters (reproduc-
tion of Fig. 25 from S. W. Boggs, Internarional Boundaries, New York,
Columbia University Press, 1940).
@ Figure 45. Construction of an equidistance line.
Figure 46. Comparison of the Grisbadarnaarea with the Gulf of Maine area.
@
Figure 47. Brazil-Umguay :theperpendicularas a simplifiedequidistanceline.
Figure 48. Examples of the perpendicular method cited in the United States
Mernorial.
Figure 49. Mexico-United States: a simplified equidistance line in a complex
geographical situation.
@ Figure 50. The Canadian line reflects the general configuration of the coasts.
Figure 51. Proportionality Test A.
@
Figure 52. Proportionality Test B.
@ Figure 53. Offshore oil and gas exploratory permits and leases in the Gulf of
Mainearea.
Figure 54. Division of Georges Bank indicated hy computer analysis of the
resource allocations established under the 1979 Agreement on East
Coast Fishery Resources.
@ Figure 55. The United States houndary proposal denies the existence of Nova
Scotia.
Figure 56. The United Statesar) propowltreatsCieorges Rankaspartof
the emerged land domain of the United States.
-
Figure 57. The Canadian linerespectsthe geographyofthe Gulf of Mainearea.
Annexes tothe Counter-Mernorialof Canada
Geology, Oceanography and Fish Distribu-
tions(Vol.1)
Figure 1. Pliocene drainage sy,trms in the Gulf of Maine area. The eastern
drainage systemdischarged through the ancestral Northeüst Channel.The
western systemdischarged through the Great South Channel.
Figure 2. The last major glaciation in the Gulf of Maine area, showing the
direction of the principal ice currents on the eastern and western
Georges Bank. (Source: Adapted fromhlee. United States Geological
Survey Professional Paper 529-L,1973.)
Figure3.ldealized east-westcross-sectionofGeorges Bank,showingthe stmc-
tures heneath the central, western and eastern parts of the Bank and the
principal stratigraphic relationships inferred from reflection seismic data.
The Mid-Bank Divideseparatesthe eastern wedgefromthe western wedge.
Lines El, E2 and E3designate erosional events(unconformities); intervals
DI,D2 andD3 represent periods of deposition and contain irregular, dis- TABLEOF MAPS, CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 15
continuous seismic reflectors. Dashed lines bounding older Tertiary sedi-
ments are major unconformities. Relative attitude of older Tertiary strata is
shown by the letter T. The inset map has been added toshowthe approxi-
mate location of the section line
Figure 4. Sand ridges andsand waves arewelldeveloped on Nantucket Shoals
and Georges Bank buttheir distribution is ioterrupted bv the Great South
Channel. ?source: E. Uchupi-see Chap. 1,footnote 9.)
Figure 5. Distribution of mud on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Maine
area. (Source: AtlanticGeoscience Centre, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.)
Figure 6. Distribution of sand on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Maine
area. (SourceIbid.)
Figure 7. Distribution of grave1on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Maine
area. (SourceIbid.)
Figure 8. Distribution of seabed featuresonthe continental shelf ofthe Gulf of
Maine area. Sand wavesand Sandridges inthe Bayof Fundy, BrownsBank
and Georges Bankare tidally dominated. Those on the Scotian Shelf north-
east of Browns Bank. and on the East Coast Shelf are storm-dominated
although .and ua~es'graduall~ disüppear on the ta$[ Coast Shelfas one
movcs southuest ofthc Great South Channel. ,Sourr.rIbid.,
Figure 9. Subsurface ,edimenrary basins in the Guliof Maine area. shouing
the souihwesiward projection ofihr Scotian Basin beneath Georges Rank.
Figure 10. Surface circulation features and water masses of the northwest
Atlantic Oceao. Shelf water consists of relatively cold, low-salinity water;
the GulfStreamconsists of warm, high-salinity water; and slope water con-
sists of "intemediate products". (Source: Bedford Institute of Oceano-
graphy, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.)
Figure II. Sea surface thermal features, showing warm-core eddies from the
Gulf Stream extracting large volumes of surface waters from the continen-
tal shelf. (Source: Data from National Environmental Satellite Service,
Washington.)
Figure 12. Average surface circulation over Georges Bank and contiguous
areas. (Source: Bedford lnstitute of Oceanoaraphv, Dartmouth, Nova
@ Figure 13. Temperature-salinity relationship for water masses in the Gulf of
Maine area: SSW: Scotian Shelf water; SW: slope water; GBW: Georges
Bank water; MSW: Maine surface water: MIW: Maine intermediate
water; and MBW: marine bottom water (which is confined to the deeper
basins of the Gulf of Maine).
@ Figure 14. Sea surface temperature patterns for selected waters of the south-
western Scotian Shelf, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank and slope.
Figure 15. Seasonal variation (summer-winier) in \,ertical tempcrdture stnic-
ture for relected arcas of the continenial shelf in the Gulf of Maine arra.
(Source: Data from Marine Environrncntal Daia Service, Canadian De-
partment of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa.)
Figure 16. Strength and pattern of tidalurrents in the Gulf of Maine area.
(Source: Data from Atlas of Tidal Currents Bay of Fundy and Gulf of
Maine, Canadian Hydrographic Service, 1981.) 16 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 17. Tidally driven residual currents in the Gulf of Mainearea, showing
the clockwise gyre on Georges Bank with strongest currents along ils
northern edge. (Source: Bedford lnstitute of Oceanography.)
Figurc II(Tidally uell-mired waiÈrr in ihc Georges Bank-Gulf of Maine are;i
for Julv-August lis prcdiîtcd flmarhemüiiîlil model and vcrificd b)
fieldobscndrion(.Sourru:(J. R.Ciÿrrcrlt,l<iI.->ce ('hdp. Il, fo<irnolc12.)
Figure 19. Tidallygenerated front on Georges Bank.Thefront on the northem
edge is clearly evident in the temperature section (a) and is marked with a
"T" .he shelf-slope front on the southern siope of the Bank is clearly evi-
dent inboth thetemperature and salinitysections.Cross-section of (aJtem-
perature distribution a(b)salinity distribution of water column of the
Gulf of Maine area and Georges Bank. (Source: Adapted from data in
J. B.Colton eta-.see Chap. II, footnote 13.)
Fieure 20. Satellite-tracked. freelv driftine floats denloved on Georees Bank
and FJrouns Rank. shoiingILI the Georges ~afkp)re ijnoi cokpleicl)
seli-coniained. (Sourcz:Daia from Bedford InstituteofOceanography and
B.Butman etal:see Chap. II, footnote 14.)
Figure 21. Sea surface temperature maps for the period 2 July 10 15October
1982.showine short-term variabilitv in sea surface temnerature pattern.
da oui D ceG:from ~ceano~rapb~c Analysis Maps iublished'by the
National Earth Satellite Service of the United States National Weather
Service,Washington.)
Figure 22. Distribution of shelf and coastal species of zooplankton on the
northwest Atlanticcontinental shelf and their zoogeographical origins.
Figurc 23. 1)istribution ofslopc wdter and offshore species of zooplankton on
rhe northueit Atlantic continental .ht.lf and t~ei~ ~oogcographical origins.
Figure 24. Distribution of inshore, shallow water and estuarine species ofzoo-
plankton on the northwest Atlantic continental shelf and their zoogeo-
graphical origins.
@ Figure 25. Distribution of macrobenthicfauna found on gravel hottom.
@ Figure 26. Distribution of macrobenthicfauna found on sand bonom.
Figure 27. Distribution of macrobenthic fauna found on silty sand bottom.
@
Figure 28. Distributon of macrobenthicfauna found on mubottom.
~igure 29. 1)istribution of macrobcnthic species forind on silty, rnud or un-
spçcilird iuh\trates of the Siotiün Shclf.
@ Figure 30. Distribution of macrobenthic species found on sand or gravel and
rock substrates of the Scotian Shelf.
Figure 31. The Gulf of Maine and Mid-Atlantic Bight regions. (Source:
1.B.Colton etal.-see Chap. IV,footnote 3.)
Figure 32. The distribution of 35important species of fish and invertebrates in
the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 33. Relativecontrihutionsofnorihem, w~dueydeitibuted
species io total commercialcatch belween ('ape Hatteras and Nova Scoiia,
by ICNAF/NAFO divisions and ruhdivisions. (Source: ICNAF/NAFO
catch statistics.)
Figure 34. Location of Canadian swordfish catches. (Source: Fisheries Re-
search Board of Canada, ICNAF - seeChap. IV,footnote 13.) TABLE OF MAPS ,HARTS AND ILLUSTRAT~ONS 17
Figure 35. Swordfish tag returns, showing migratory characteristics through-
out the Gulfof Maine areaand beyond. (Source:Canadian Departmentof
Fisheries and Oceans(unpuhlished tagging studies).)
Figure 36. Bluefintuna tagreturns, showing migratory characteristicsthrough-
out the Gulf of Maine area and heyond. (Source: Ibid.)
Figure 37. Migration of American shad from river spawning areas to summer
feeding area in the Bayof Fundy. (Source:Redrawn from J.Dadswell,
G. D. Melvin andP.J . illiams -see Chap. IV,footnote 18.)
Figure 38. Ameriçÿnshad tagrr.turns,indicatingm routefoimtngging
site in Bay of Fund) to sp~wning sites in the Gulf of Maine and be)ond.
(Source: lbid.)
Figure 39. Biomass distribution of cusk in the Gulf of Maine area, 1970-1980.
(Source: Estimated from the combined Canadian and United States
groundfish research vessel survey data sets (summer and autumn surveys
from 1970to 1980))
@ Figure 40. Canadian offshore lobster fishing areas in the Gulf of Maine area.
@ Figure JI. Lohstcr tag returns, showing erten<i\e migrations from Port Mai[-
land. Nova Scotia, throughout the <;ulfof Maine area.
@ Figure 42. Lobster tag returns, showing extensive migrations from Grand
Manan, New Brunswick, throughoutthe Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 43. Biomass distribution of angler inthe Gulfof Mainearea, 1970-1980.
(Source: Estimated from the combined Canadian and United States
groundfish research vessel survey data sets (summer and autumn surveys
from 1970to 1980).)
Figure 44. Dividingline for northern andsouthern silverhakestocksin Gulfof
Maine area. (Source:Redrawn from F. P.Almeida see Chap. IV,footnote
25.)
Figure 45. Biomass distribution of silver hake in the Gulf of Maine area,
1970-1980. (Source: Estimated from the combined Canadian and
United States groundfish research vessel survey data sets (summer and
autumn surveys from 1970101980).)
Figure 46. Biomass distribution of red hake in the Gulf of Maine area,
1970-1980.(Source:Ibid.)
Figure 47. Biomass distribution of redfish in the Gulf of Maine area,
1970-1980.(Source: Ibid.)
Figure 48. Biomass distribution of American plaice in the Gulf of Maine area,
1970-1980.(Source:Ibid.)
Figure 49. Biomass distribution of witch nounder inthe Gulf of Maine area,
1970-1980.(Source:Ibid.)
Figure 50. Biomass distribution of white hake in the Gulf of Maine area,
1970-1980.(Source: Ibid.)
Figure 51. Herring spawning locations in the Gulf of Maine area in late
summer and autumn. (Source: Data from T. D. lles and M. Sinclai-
see Chap. IV,footnote 30.)
Figure 52. Juvenile herring concentrations including the Georges Bank stock.
(Source: Ibid.) 18 GULF OF MAINE
@ Figurc 53 t~erringt~ggingsiudie~.~houiiige\tensi\e nloiemrni fromthe I3~y
of Fund) ihroughoui theGuIfof hl~iiiedrz3 and hc)onJ.
Figure 54. Haddock tagging studies, showing extensive movement from the
Bayof Fundy throughoutthe Gulf of Maine areaand beyond. (Source:Re-
drawn from various sources- seeChap. IV,footnote 33.)
Figure 55. Haddock winter fishing areas showing haddock catches by Cana-
dian fishermen. (SourceF. D. McCracken -see Chap. IV,footnote 35.)
Figure 56. Biomass distribution of cod in the Gulf of Maine area, 1970-1980.
(Source: Estimated from the comhined Canadian and United States
groundfish research vesse1survey data sets (summer and autumn surveys
from 1970to 1980). .
Figure 57. Cod tagging studies,showing migration from northeastern Georges
Bank to summer feeding area. (Source: Redrawn from J. P. Wise - see
Chap. IV,footnote 37.)
Figure 58. Yellowtail flounder stocks in the Gulf of Maine area. (Source:Re-
drawn from F. E. Lux -see Chap. IV,footnote 39.)
Figure 59. Scallop aggregationsin the Gulf of Maine area. (Source:Canadian
and United Statescatch data.)
Figure 60. Ranges of stocks of 28 commercially important species.
@
A History of the Canadian Fisheries in the
Georges Bank Area (Vol. II)
Figure 1. Swordfish landings in Canada and the United States: 1909.1959.
(Source:S. N. Tibbo, L.R. Day and W. F. Doucet: nteSwordfish(Xiphias
gladius L.).irsIse-hisroryandeconomic importanceinthenorthwestAtlantic,
Ottawa, Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin No. 130, 1961,
p. 20.)
Figure 2. Totalcatches of groundfish byal1countries in ICNAF/NAFO statis-
tical area. (Source: Sraristical Bulletin,Vols. 2-28,1952-1978,Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia, ICNAF, 1954-1980; Statistical Bulletin, Vols. 29-30,
1979.1980, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, NAFO, 1981-1982: "Provisional
Nominal Catches in the Northwest Atlantic, 1981", NAFO, Scientific
Council Meeting, June 1982,SCS Doc. 82/VI/7,28 September 1982.)
Figure 3. Distribution of effort by the Canadian groundfish îieet in ICNAF
subdivision 5Ze: 1969-1972.(Source:G. M. Hare: Atlasofthe MajorAtlan-
tic Coast Fish and Inverrebrate ResourcesAdjacent ta the Canada-United
States BoundafyAreas.Technical Report No. 681.Ottawa, Department of
the Environment. Fisheries and Marine Service. Research and Develov-
mcni ~irccior;~re;1977.p.42. Information obtained fromthe logrecord\;if
21 Canadian vcssels fishing for groundfish in \uhdi\,ision 5Ze during
1969-1972.)
Figure 4. Distribution of effort by the Canadian groundfish flein lCNAF
subdivision 5Ze: 1973.1977.(Source:Halifax, Nova Scotia, Department of
Fisheries and Oceans. Siatistics Branch.)
Figure 5. Distrihution ofCanadian swordfish catch: I960.(Source;AnnualRr-
porr und Investigators'Summaries. 1960.1961.St. Andrews, New Bmns-
wick, UiologicalStation, Fisheries Rzscarch Board of Canada, p. 128) TABLE OF MAPS, CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 19
Figure 6. Distrihution of Canadian swordfish catch: 1961. (Source: Ibid.,
1961-1962,~.122.)
Figure 7. Distribution of Canadian swordfish catch: 1963.(Source:Canadian
ResearchReport,1963.ICNAF, Research Document No. 36,Serial Num-
ber 1331,Fig. II.)
Figure 8. Distrihution of Canadian swordfish catch: 1964.(Source:Canadian
ResearchReport, 1964.ICNAF, Research Document No. 12,Serial Num-
ber 1472,p. 27.)
Figure 9. Canadian offshore lohster fishing areas. (Source:A. B. Stasko and
R. W. Pye: CanadianOffshoreLobsrerFisheryTrends.Canadian Atlantic
Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee, Research Document 80/56,
1980,p.10.)
Figure 10. Fishing ports of southwest Nova Scotia.
State Activities(Vol.Ill)
Figure 1. Seismiclines shot hy Canadian licensees and permittees in the Gulf
of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1965-1969.
Figure 2. Seismic lines shot by Canadian licensees and permittees in the Gulf
of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1970-1973.
Figure 3. Seismic lines shot hy Canadian licensees and permittees in the Gulf
of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1974-1979.
Figure 4. Outstanding Canadian ail and gas permits in the Gulf of Maine-
Georges Bank area.
Appendix3
Maps illustrating seismicsurveysconducted hy Canadian licenseesand permit-
tees in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1965-1979.
Appendix13
Area of significant discoveries of natural gas.
Appendix15
The Velascomap, 1610.
Appendix16
The William Alexander map, 1623.
Appendix17
The John Thomton map, 1677.
Appendix18
The Herman Moll map, 1715.
Appendix 19
Part of the Henry Popple map, 1733.
Appendix20
The DesBarres chart of part of the Coastof Nova Scotia, 1778.20 GULF OF MAINE
Appendix22
The Aaron Arrowsmith chart, 1800.
Appendix23
The Hurd chart of the Bayof Fundy, 1824
Appendix24
The Lockwood chart of part of the coast of Nova Scotia, 1829
Appendix26
The British-Canadian deep-sea chart of the Gulf of Maine area, including
Georges Bank, 1834.North America, east coast: Sheet V.
The British-Canadian deep-sea chart of the Gulf of Maine area, including
Georges Bank, 1834.Status of British-Canadian charting in the Gulf of
Mainearea, 1834.
Appendix27
The British-Canadian deep-sea chart of the Gulf of Maine area, including
Georges Bank, 1861.North America, east coast: chart 2670,Halifax tothe
Delaware.
Appendix29
The United Statescoast survey chart No. 2, 1858
Appendix30
The Norie chart, 1835.
Appendix31
1932edition ofmap oftheAtlantic coast of Canada showing principal Canadian
fishing banks, 1920and 1932.
Appendix32
The Royal Commission map of the Atlanticcoast of Canada showing principal
Canadian fishing banks, 1928.
Appendix33
The Close chart, 1929.
Appendix34
..
Index of Canadian Hydrographic Service natural resource maps of the Gulf of
Mainearea, 1980.
Appendix39
Revised Atlantic convoy arrangements. Decided at Washington Conference
I March 1943.
A~~endix 44
Air defencezones under the Canada-United States North American air defence
agreement..
Appendix45
LORAN-C chaidchaines.
LORAN-C. Coverage diagram/Diagramme de retendue. TABLE OF MAPS, CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
Appendix46
Canadian marine weather forecasting regions in the Gulf of Maine area.
Documents (Vol. IV)
Annex 1
Sketch map showing approximate outlines of Exclusive Economic Zone of the
United States, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands and United States overseas possessions. (Based
on map published by U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior,
to show compilation of subsea energy and mineral resources (MF-1360)
but not drawn todetermine legal boundaries.)
Annex6
Figure 1. Perpendicular bisector as the equidistant line between two points.
Figure 2. Line of equidistance between Point A and Point B and Point C is
depicted by X-Y-Z.
Figure 3. Theoretical equidistantboundary delimitation.
Figure 4. Geometric equality versus distance inequality on a Mercator chart.
Figure 5. Equidistantboundary developed on a Mercator projection.
Figure 6. Equidistant boundary developed on a Lambert Conformal projec-
tion.
Figure 7. Comparison of differences of Mercator and Lambert Conformal
equidistant lines.
Figure 8. Comptrison of rhumb line and geodesic between two points. (After
MilanThamshorg, "Geodetic Hydrography as Related to Maritime Boun-
dary Problems", Inremalional Hydrographie Review.Vol. 51, No. 1[1974],
pp. 157-173.)
Figure 9. Computer development of equidistant boundary.
Figure 10. Computer development between straight baseline systems.
Figure II. Computer adjustment for lateral tolerance.
Annex8
hlap-area. (Excerpt from L. H. King and B. MacLean: Geologyojrhe Scorian
Shelf;Geological Survey of Canada Paper 74-32, p.5.)
Annex 9
Figure 1. Acaustic and bottom-sampling control across the eastem Gulf of
Maine and Bayof Fundy map-area.
Annex IO
Figure 1. Difference in density, in units oO, = (density- 1) x IO3,between
the surface and the 40 m level forJuly and August (averaged over several
years). (From Bigelow, 1927.)
Figure 2. Stability of the surface layer ofthe Bayof Fundy as measured by the
difference inO,between the surfaceand 25m. (From Watson, 1936.)
Figure 3. A: 5-year mnning mean of annual mean sea surfacetemperature at
St.Andrews, N.B. B: The nodal modulation factor.22 GULF OF MAINE
Fieure 4. A simolified view of an estuarv0, is the freshwater inflow. which
- rcachesthe;eaasîn amplifieddisch&gc'b, withraliniiy s,.Q, withsalinity
S,isthe inflow raie required to mainiain a sali balance.
AnnexII
Figure 5. Diagrammatic stmctural cross-section across the Gulf of St. Law-
rence and Laurentian Channel (interpreted from Sheridan and Drake,
1968; Press and Beckmann, 1954;Emery et al., 1970;G. N. Ewing et al.,
1966;Emeryand Uchupi, 1972).
Figure 6. Diagrammatic simciural cross-wction ofthe No\,aScotian continen-
ial margin (data from Officer and Euing, 1954: Drake el al.. 1959;G. N.
Ewine el aL. 1966:Emerv eral.. 1970: Emervand Uchu~i..,972:Mclver.
1973y~ean eral..i973).*
Figure 7. Diagrammatic stmctural cross-sectionacrossthe Gulf of Maine and
Georges Banks (modified after Ballard and Uchupi, 1972; Drake el al..
1959; Emery et al.. 1970; Emery and Uchupi, 1972;Schultz and Grover,
1973).
Anna 12
Figure 2.Density ofsoundings used in constmctionof charts
An~iex61
Figure 1. Voyage distribution of vesselson registry in SaintJohn, Yarmouth,
Halifax and Windsor. (Source: Crew-lists and agreements for vessels
registered in SaintJohn, Yarmouth, Halifax and Windsor.)
Documents(Vol. V)
Annex 73
Enclosure reproducing permit E6-75area.
Enclosure reproducing permit E3-67area.
Annex 74
Sketch map illustrating seismicprogram carried out by Humble Oil in 1966.
Annex 75
Figure 8. Potential long-term increase (or decrease) in average annual harvest.
Annex84
Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries. Chart of subareas. (Map
Branch, CIA. 10815,October 1947,U.S.Government Printing Ofice -S.)
Annex89
NACFl chart No. 1(statistical areas, Atlantic coast of North America).
Map of ICNAF and ]CES statistical areas from ICNAFSrarisricalBullefinVol.
16,1966(1968).ICES, ICNAFand NEAFC fishingareas (north Atlantic).
Anna 107
Figure 25. nie international boundary through territorial waters TABLEOF MAPS, CHARTS AND ~LLUSTRAT~ONS 23
Figure 26. Areasonahlewaterhoundary through an islandzone tothe high sea.
Annex 108
tig~re 1. An impractic3hle concept of the mcdian Iine (a "landsman's \icw-
oint"): the mcdian liiiehcing the locus of the midpointh oral1 line, drawn
from Points on one shore to the nearest point on ihe opposite shore. The
linediffersas ilisdrawn from thenorth or thesouth shore, the two versions
only occasionallyheing-coincident
Figure 2. The most pr;lctirahlcsi>nccpt of the median line: the linea11pointsof
uhich 3rc cquidt>tant from the ncarr5t points on opposite shorcj. Sush a
line is continuous, and only one such line is ~ossible.
Figure 3. The median line in I.ake Michigan, beingthe Iineal1points of which
are equidistant from the nearert points on oppositc 5horcs.The Michigan-
Wisconsin houndan in Green Hav and to the middle of L.akcMichiean.
according 10the decree of the U.S. Supreme Court of March 16, 1936, is
also shown(as a broken line).
Figure 4. An erample of 2 properly ~.omplt.tedwater houndary. By treaty oi
Februar) 24, 1925.thc boundar) hctuccn the Uniied States and Canada
rr3sztended from th<,tcrminu~e~tahlished in 19loin the middleof(irand
Manan Channel. Asinele line was added. in a direction S 34" 42'W.a dis-
tance of 2,383metris tGhe high sea,at a point three nautical milesfromthe
nearest shores of American and Canadian territory.
Figure 5. The international houndary through the helt of territorial waters (or
"territorial sea") fromthe coastalterminus of thelandboundary tothe high
sea. This is an example of the simple type, where there are no islands or
highly irregular coast line. The most reasonahle houndary is the line AB,
the point Bheing the intersection of the envelopes of arcs of three-mira-
dius drawn from al1points on the shores of the two countries, "Leftland
and "Rightland" respeclively. Two other definitions of the international
houndary are sometimes employed: (1)the extension of the last section of
the land houndary or (2)a line perpendicular to "the general trend of the
coast". Both of these are objectionable, certain areas (mled shading) being
waters of controvertiblejurisdiction.
Figure 6. Areasonable water boundary through an islandzone tothe high sea.
The line C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J-K is a median line hetween nearest points on
the shores of the islands helonging to "Leftland and "Rightland". A
simpler line, A-B-E-H-J-K, approximating closely the median line, would
constitute a reasonahle boundary from the mainland coast, through terri-
torial waters, to thehigh sea.
Annex 109
Map I. U.S.Fishery Conservation Zone: March 1,1977
Map 2. Maritime houndaries: Mexico-United States. Mexico-United States
maritime boundary turning points (1927 North American I>atum).
Map 3. U.S.Fishery Conservation Zone: provisional limits
Map 4. Canadian and U.S.claims in the Gulf of Maine.
Annex 111
Figure 1. Trial lines used to determine distribution of biomass in Gulf of
Maine area. 24 GULF OF MA~NE
Figure 2. Target line dividing scallop biomass.
Figure 3. Target linedividing cod biomass.
Figure 4. Target linedividing haddock biomass.
Figure 5. Target line dividing mackerel biomass.
Figure 6. Target linedividing herring biomass.
Figure 7. Target linedividing red hake biomass.
Figure 8.Target linedividing silverhake biomass.
Figure 9. Target linedividing white hake biomass.
Figure 10. Target line dividing pollock biomass.
Figure 11. Target linedividing redfish biomass.
Figure 12. Target linedividing cusk biomass.
Figure 13. Target linedividing argentine biomass.
Figure 14. Target line dividing otherdfish biomass,
- . .
Figure 15. Aggrcgarc <illuc<itionsline di\iding the coinplei: ac.specier in
curdanre u,irhthe 1Agreement on Easi ('oast Fi\hery Resuurres.
Counter-Mernorial of the United Statesof
Arnerica
Figure1.Boundary proposed by the United States in the Gulf of Maine area
@ and the Canadian line.
@ Figure 2. Canadian Memorial Figure 8.
Figure 3. East Coast of North America. Canadian directional "trends" com-
@ pared withthe general direction of the Coast(54degrees).
Figure 4. Canadian Memorial Figure 12.
@ Figure 5. Seabed gradients -the rate of descent.
Figure 6. Portion of Canadian Hydrographic Servicechart 810: "Continental
margin of eastern North America".
Figure 7. Zoogeographic provinc-as depicted in study published by the
Nova Scotia lnstitute of Science.
Figure8.United States and Canada reportedgroundfish catchesin subareas3,
@ 4 and 5for the years 1893-1950(in metric tons).
@ Figure 9. Non-scallop catches of the United States and Canada from Georges
Bank for the years 1904-1981(in metric tons round weight).
Figure 10. Reported scallop catches of the United States and Canada from
@ Georges Bank for the years0-1981(in metric tons meat weight).
@) Figure II. TheGeorges Bank winter fishing ground.
@ Figure 12. New England cod and haddock catches on the inshore grounds
(1935)and the offshore banks (1936).
Figure13.Area ofcoveriige ofseismicdaia collected pursuant to United States
exploration pcrmiis identified in Annex 40of the United States Memorial.
@ Figure 14. Dividinglinebetween statistical areas XXI (Nova Scotia) and XXIl
(New England) established by the North American Council on Fishery TABLE OF MAPS ,HARTS AND ~LLUSTRAT~ONS 25
Inve\tigationr (h'AC1:l) in 1931 \rith the bounddry proposed hy the
United States and the Cînîdian line.
Figure 15. Di\,iding Iine betueen \ubare;is4 and 5established by the Interna-
tional C'oni,entionfor the Northuest Atlantic Firherie5 (ICNAF) in 1950
wiih the houndary proposed by the United States and the Canadian linç.
Figure 16. Division ofse~rih and rescue rrgiuns inthe (iulfof Mainearea \iith
the houndary propoced hy the United States and the Can3dian Iine.
Figure 17. Agreed di\ision of defense responsihility: Change in Operational
Control(CHOP)lineutilized h) the UnitedStaiesandCan~d~ IY40to 1945
u,ith ihz houndary proposed b) the United States and the Canadian line.
Figure IX. Air Vefense Identific~tiun Zone5 with the houndar) propoced by
the United States and the Canddian line.
Figure 19. Map attached to the United States draft Convention (Fehmary
1948)depicting proposed subarea boundaries and the 100-fathom-depth
contour asthe limit of the continental shelf.
Figure 20 Grisbodorno: primar). boundary lines proposed by Suedçn and
Nonvay tu the Tribunal and the houndary estahli>hed by the Tribunal.
icomniled from Kart mer (irisebaaene-Torbiornskiaer-Hç~~uI.Nordko>-
i&, ~iistiania, 1908.)
Figure 21. Application of the equidistance method in a deep concavity.
Figure 22. Equidistant lines in the Gulfof Mainearea; starting from the actual
and two hypothetical land boundaries.
Figure 23. Seawardextensions of United States and Canadian coastal fronts in
the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 24. Proportionality test applied to the adjusted perpendicular line pro-
posed hy the United States outlo the 1,000-fathom-depth contour.
Figure 25. Proportionality test applied to the Canadian line out to the
1,000-fathom-depth contour.
Figure 26. Topography of the continental shelffrom Cape Charles, Virginia to
the northeastern end of Nova Scotia -as viewed from the southeast.
Figure 27. North Sea. The red lines represent the agreed continental shelf
boundaries hetween Denmark and Nonvay, Denmark and the United
Kingdom, and the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.
Figure 28. A: Equidistant-line boundaries in the North Sea. B: Equidistant-
line boundaries in the Gulf of Maine.
Figure 29. Extensions of the coastal fronts in the North Sea. (This diagram is
reproduced from the oral argument of Professor Jaenicke of the Federal
Republicof Germany, I.C.J.Pleadings,North Sea ContinenralShelj:Vol.II,
p. 189,Fig.5.)
Figure 30. Agreed North Sea continental shelf boundaries as compared to
eauidistant lines.
Figure 31. Equidistant-line segment in theGuIfof Maine.drawn byanalogy to
the agreçd North Sea continental 5helfhoundaries.
Figure 32. Agreed North Seacontinental shelf boundaries as compared to the
sector lines proposed by the Federal Repuhlic of Germany.
Figure 33. A: Agreed ~brth Seacontinental shelfhoundaries. B: Hypothetical 26 GULF OF MAINE
North Sea continental shelf boundaries if the North Sea were an open
ocean.
Figure 34. A: Bayof Biscayand adjacent area. B: Gulf of Maine and adjacent
area.
Figure 35. Continental shelf boundaryas agreed between France and Spain in
the Bayof Biscay.(The boundary does not extend beyond the closing line
drawn from Cabo Ortegal to Pointe du Raz.)
Figure 36. Equidistant-line segment in theGulf of Maine, drawn by analogy Io
the agreed Bayof Biscay boundary.
Figure 37. Agreed Bay of Biscay continental shelf boundary as compared
to the equidistant line. (The agreed continental shelf boundary is an equi-
distant line from only Point Q to Point R.)
Figure 38. A: Agreed Hayof Biscî) continental shelf boundary B: Boundary
proposed by the United States in the Gulfof Maine area.
Figure 39. Agreed Rayof Biscay continental shelf boundary as compared ta
Iinedrawn perpendicular from PointQ to the closing line.
Figure 40. Tunisia/Libya continental shelf boundaryas comparedtothe equi-
@ distant line.
Annexes to the Counter-Memorial of the
UnitedStatesofAmerica
TheMarine Environmentof the Gulfof Maine
Area (Vol.1,Pt.A)
Annex 1
Figure 1. The Gulf of Maine area- as viewed from a global perspective.
Figure 2. Topography of the continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to the
northeasternend of Nova Scotia -as viewed from directly above.
Figure 3. Topography of the continental shelf from Cape Charles, Virginia to
the northeastern end of Nova Scot-aas viewed from the southeast.
Figure 4. Bathymetry of Gulf of Maine area -longitudinal cross-sections.
Figure 5. Bathymetry of Gulf of Maine area-latitudinal cross-sections.
Figure 6. Sea-bed gradients -the rate of descent.
Figure 7. The principal water masses and currents affecting the Gulf of Maine
area- the Gulf Stream and the Labrador Current.
Figure 8.Surface-watercirculation with topography.
Figure 9.Deep-water circulation with topography.
@ Figure 10. Average bottom temperatures.
Figure I1. Surface temperatureand temperature gradients.
@
Figure 12. Average surface temperatures.
Figure 13. Average surface salinities.
Figure 14. Average water-column densities.
Figure 15. Cross-sections of temperature, salinity, and density across the Gulf
of Maine Basin and Georges Bank. TABLE OFMAPS,HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 27
Figure 16. Cross-sections of ternperature, salinity, and density across the Gulf
of Maine Basin and the Scotian Shelf.
Figure 17. Cross-seclions of iemperature. salinity. and dcnsity across the
Northexst Channel from Georges Bankto the Scoiian ShelftBrowns Bank).
Figure 18. Speed and direction of tidal currents.
Figure 19. Twice-daily tidal ellipses.
Figure 20. Tidal energy in the Gulf of Maine area -as depicted in Canadian
study deposited with the Court by Canada.
Figure 21. Phytoplankton concent-14June 1979.
Figure 22. Interaction of phytoplankton and -14June 1979.
Figure 23. Yellowtail flounder-ocean pou1association.
Figure 24. Silverhake-spiny dogfish association.
Figure 25. Redfish-wolffish association.
Figure 26. Atlanticherring-cod association.
Figure 27. Fourspot flounder-butterfish association.
@ Figure 28. Stock development areas.
Figure 29. Typical growth curves for Gulf of Maine area stocks.
Figure 30. Principal spawning grounds of cod, herring, haddock, and yellow-
tail flounder.
@ Figure 31. Distribution of cod Iarvae.
@ Figure 32. Atlantic cod.
@ Figure 33. Distribution of herring larvae.
Figure 34. Distribution of herring larvaeion through a period of six
weeks and th.oug. a peri-d of einht weeks.
@ Figure 35. Atlantic herring.
Figure 36. Distribution of haddock larvae.
@ Figure 37. Haddock.
@ Figure 38. Silverhake.
Figure 39. Red and white hake.
@
@ Figure 40. Redfish spp.
Figure 41. Distribution of yellowtail flounder larvae.
Figure 42. Yellowtail flounder.
@ Figure 43. Scallops.
@ Figure 44. American lohster.
@ Figure 45. Cusk.
@ Figure 46. Longfinsquid.
Figure 47. Atlantic mackerel.
Figure 48. Pollock.
Figure 49. Atlanticargentine.
Figure 50. Shortfin squid.
Figure 51. Latitudinal compression of surface temperatures in the Gulf of
Maine area and the northwest Altantic. 28 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 52. Zoogeographic provinces -as depicted in study published hy the
Nova Scotia lnstitute of Science.
Figure 53. Latitudinal distribution of groups of mollusc species in the
northwest Atlantic.
Figure 54. Nurtheast Channel dcpicred by Higelow, ii1Y?6,aschief route ior
pllinktonic immi.ra.t. entering the Gulf of Maine Basin
Figure 55. Cross-section of minimum depth between Nantucket and
Cape Sable.
Figure 56. A: Diagram of actual water circulation in the Gulf of Maine area.
B: Diagram of hypothetical water circulation in the Gulf of Maine area if
the Northeast Channeldid not exist.
Figure 57. A: Actual areas of water mixing and of enhanced primary produc-
tion. B: Areas of water mixing and of enhanced primary production ifthe
Northeast Channel did no1exist.
Appendir IroAnnex1
Figure 58. Phytoplankton concentrations -January through June.
Figure 59. Phytoplankton concentrations -July through December
AppendixJ toAnnex 1
Figure 1. The Canadian Atlantic and northern New England coastal regions
showinusummer surface temneratures.
Figure 2. Disrribution of physical and hiologicïl pïrïmeters along 1.800-mile
codsiline from Long Island Sound ta southern Labrador.
Figure 3. Distnhution~ of selected invcrtrbraie species along 1,800-milecoasr.
line irom Long Island Sound io southern Labrador.
Figure 4. Maritimes physical-climatic situation. Wisconsin Close, 15,000h.p.
(surface temperatures as in Fig. 1).
Figure 5. Maritimes physical-climatic situation, early post-glaci12,500h.p.
Figure 6. Maritimes physical-climaticsituation, early hypsithermal, 9,500h.p.
Figure 7. Maritimes physical-climatic situation, mid hypsithermal, 7,000b.p.
Figure 8. Maritimes physical-climatic situation, late hypsithermal, 5,000 b.p.
Figure 9. Maritimes physical-climatic situation, post hypsithermal3,000b.p.
EnvironmentalRisksofHvdrocarbonDevelop-
ment on the ort the as Ptertinof Georges
Bank(Vol.1,Pt B)
Annex 2
Figure !. Processes involved in the fate of cnide ail discharged into the marine
@ environment. (Source:R. Bunvood and G. C. Speen, "Some Chemical and
Physical Aspects of the Fate of Cnide Oil in the Marine Environment",
Advancesin OrganicGeochemisrry 1973.Roceedings of the 6th Interna-
tional Meeting on Organic Chemistry, 1973,p. IW7, Fig. 1.)
Figure 2. Water-column trajectories for oil discharged on Georges Bank at
Point X (41.5degrees N, 67 degrees W). TABLE OF MAPS ,HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 29
Figure 3. Water-column trajectories for oil discharged on Georges Bank at
Point Y(41.9degrees N, 66.3degrees W).
Figure 4. Distributions of cod larvae overlaid with 90-day trajectories of oil
discharged on Georges Bank at PointsX and Yon Juliandays 32(1 Febni-
ary) and 121(c. 1May).
Figure 5. Distributions of haddock larvae overlaid with 90-day trajectories of
oil discharged on Georges Bank at Points X and Y on Julian day 121
(c. I May).
Figure 6. Disrrihurions of yellowtail flounder larvae overlaid with 90-day rra-
iectorieofoildisshara-donGeorces- Rankat PoinisXand Yon Juliandav
121(c. I May).
Figure 7. Distributions of herring larvae overlaid with 90-day trajectories of
@ oil discharged on Georges Bank at Points X and Y on Julian day 213
(c.IAugust).
Figure 8.Disrributions of herring Ianae rhrough a period of six weeks and a
period ofeight weekso\erlaid wirh90.day trajcctoriesofoil discharged on
Georges Rankat Points Xand Yon Julian day 213 (c.I August).
Appendix A toAnnex2
Figure 9. Discharge starting on Julian day 32 (1 Febmary) from Point X
(41.5degrees N, 67 degrees W) -oil trajectories in top ten metres of water
column.
Figure 10. Discharge starting on Julian day 32 (1 Febmary) from Point X
(41.5 degrees N, 67 degrees W) -oil trajectories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Figure II. Discharge starting on Julian day 121 (c. I May) from Point X
(41.5degrees N, 67 degrees W) -oil trajectories in top ten metres of water
column.
Figure 12. Discharge starting on Julian day 121 (c. 1 May) from Point X
(41.5 degrees N, 67 degreesW) -oil trajectories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Figure 13. Discharge starting on Julian day 213 (c. I August) from Point X
(41.5degrees N, 67 degrees W) -oil trajectories in top ten metres of water
column.
Figure 14. Discharge starting on Julian day 213 (c. 1 August) from Point X
(41.5 degrees N, 67 degreesW) - oil trajectories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Figure 15. Discharge startingonJulian day 305(c. 1November) from Point X
(41.5degrees N, 67degrees W)-oil trajectories in top ten metres of water
column.
Figure 16. Discharge starting on Julian day 305(c.November) from Point X
(41.5 degrees N, 67 degrees W)- oil trajectories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Appendix B 10Annex2
Figure 17. Discharge starting on Julian day 32 (1 Febmary) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N, 66.3degrees W) -oil trajectories in top ten metresof water
column. 30 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 18. Discharge starting on Julian day 32 (1 Febmary) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N, 66.3degrees W) - oil trajeclories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Figure 19. Discharge starting on Julian day 121 (c. 1 May) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N,66.3degreesW) -oil trajeclories in top ten metres of water
ci)lumn.
Figure 20. Discharge starting on Julian day 121 (c. 1 May) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N, 66.3 degrees W) - oil trajeclories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Figure 21. Discharge starting on Julian day 213 (c. I August) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N,66.3degrees W) - oiltrajectories in top ten metres ofwater
column.
Figure 22. Discharge starting on Julian day 213 (c. I August) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N, 66.3degrees W) - oil trajectories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
Figure 23. Discharge starting on Julian day 305(c. I November) from Point Y
(41.9degreesN, 66.3degrees W) -oil trajectories in top ten metres ofwater
column.
Figure 24. Discharge startingonJulian day 305(c. 1November) from Point Y
(41.9degrees N, 66.3degrees W) -oil trajectories in bottom ten metres of
water column.
AppendixCroAnnex 2
Figure 25. Hydrodynamics and oil spill fates cornputer models.
AppendixD !OAnnex2
Figure 1. Processes involved in the fate of spilled cmde oil in the marine
environment.
TheActivitiesofthe UnitedStatesand Canada
under the International Convention for
the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF)
(Vol. II)
Annex3
Figure 1. Map attached to the United States draft Convention (Febmary 1948)
depicting proposed subarea boundaries. Convention for the Nortbwest
Atlantic Fisberies.
Figure 2. Portion ofthe ICNAFConvention area, subareas, and divisionsused
for statistical and management purposes.
Figure 3. 'TheICNAF Convention area and subareas with the addition of
statisticaleas 0 and 6. (ICNAFProceedings1978/79.)
Figure 4. The location of United States and Canadian boardings of fishing
vesselsduring 1976on Georges Bank and in adjacent areas.
@ Figure 5. The location of United States and Canadian boardings of fishing
vessels during 1976in ICNAF subareas 3,4, and 5, and statistical area 6.
Appendix AtoAnnex3
Subareas and divisions ofthe ICNAF statistical area. TABLE OFMAPS ,HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 31
Appendix FtoAnnex3
Map attached to the draft Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries.
Appendix PtoAnnex3
Map of the southern part of the ICNAF area and statistical area 6.
A Factual Analysis of the Socio-Economic
Arguments in the Canadian Memorial
(Vol. III)
Annex 4
@ Figure 1. Relative shares of combined United States/Canadian total catch on
Georges Bank by weight (1940-1981).
@ Figure 2.Relative shares of combined United States/Canadian scallop catch
on Georges Bank by weight (1940-1981).
Figure 3. Employment in Canada- 1980.
Figure 4. Employment in Nova Scoti- 1980.
Figure5. Gross domestic product in Canad-1980.
Figure 6. Gross domestic product in Nova Sco-1980.
Figure 7. Ports of landing accounting for predominant share of Canadian
catch on Georges Bank.
Figure 8. Employment hy sub-sectorin Nova Scot-a1980.
@ Figure 9. Gross domestic product by suh-sector in Nova -c1980.
AppendixB roAnnex4
Fisheries districts and county houndaries of Nova Scotia.
AnalyticalAnnexes(Vol.IV)
Annex 5
Figure 1. Sandwave topography of Nantucket Shoals and Georges Bank.
@
Figure 2. Portion of Canadian Hydrographic Service chart 810: "Continental
margin of eastern North America".
Figure 3. Limits of most recent glacial advance.
Figure 4. Seismicexploration techniques.
Figure 5. Canadian Government diagram depicting Scotian Basin (1976).
(Published by Canadian Hydrographic Serviceand the Geological Survey
of Canada.)
Figure 6. Depiction of Scotian Basin wntained in article hy Canadian and
United States geologists. (Source:J. S.Schlee and L.F.Jansa, "The paleo-
environment and development of the eastern North American margin", in
OceanologicaActa,1981,p.71.)
Annex6
Figure 1. Diagram of hydrocarbon resource classifications used hy the 32 GULF OF MAINE
United States geological sur(Source:United StatesGeological Survey,
open-file Report 81-192,1981.)
AppendixB roAnnex6
Figure 2. Petroleum resource classification (modified from U.S. Bureau of
Mines and U.S. Geological Survey, 1976, 1980).Shaded area indicates the
undiscovered recoverable resourcesestimated in the present study.
Index map of lower 48 States showing provinces assessed. Shading denotes
offshore shelf areas. Names of onshore provinces are listed numerically in
Appendix C. Names of offshore provinces are listed numerically by shelf
and by slope in Appendix D.
Annex9
Figure 1. Coastal Energy Impact Program (CEIP) boundaries between New
Jersey and Delaware and between Delaware and Maryland, and equi-
distant lines.
Figure 2. CoastalEnergy Impact Program (CEIP) boundary between
Louisiana and Mississippi and equidistant line.
Annex10
Figure 1. Bay of Biscay agreed continental shelf boundary with simplified
coastlines and other construction lines.
Figure 2. Bayof Biscayagreedcontinental shelf boundary and the 100-fathom-
depth contour.
Appendix A10Annex IO
Grafico 1. Golfo de Vizcaya.
Grhfico 2. Golfo de Vizcava.
Cirifico 3. Median line delimiiing the underwaier areas of the Mediterrdnedn
brtween Spain (iis Ralearis I5liindi)and ltaly lits island of Sardinia).
DocumentawAnnexes(Vol.V)
AnnexII
Portion of chart. Limites desocéanset des mers.
Annex 12
@ 144degrees -[rue perpendicular to the general direction of the Coast; 157de-
grees-true perpendicular to the Canadian 67degree "trend line".
Anna 13
@ One test of the general direction of the Coastin the Gulf of Maine area (54de-
grees).
Annex19
Figure 1. Total Georges Bank landings, and Canadian landings of scallop
meats from Georges and other offshore grounds.
Figure 2. Catch (pounds of meats) per day for the U.S. and Canadian fleets
since 1945. TABLEOF MAPS,CHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 33
Figure 3. Year of launching of 48 Canadian offshore scallopers fishing regu-
larlv on Geo-ees Bank in 1970.
Figure 4. Total number of vessels and numher in the Canadian offshore fleet
fishing regularly for scallops on the Bank since 1951.
Figure 5. Days spent fishing scallops onGeorges Bankbythe U.S.and Canada
and days fished by the Canadian fleet since 1951.
Figure 6.Average number of hours dragged per day by the Canadian Georges
Bank fleet since 1961.
Figure 7. Changes in two measures of catch per unit of effort (Canadian fleet)
in the Georges Bank scallop fishery since 1961.
Figure 8. Numher of 80 sq. mile unit areas on Georges Bank fished by the
Canadian fleet since 1957.
Figure 9. Average landed price per pound for scallops in Canada since 1952.
Figure 10. Undenvater photograph of a dense population of young scallops
(2-4inches diameter), northern edge of Georges, June 1970.(Total area in
photo - 14sq. feet.)
Figure I1. Average growth in shell size and meat weight for scallops from the
northern edge of Georges Bank.
Annex21
No. II, Chart of Georges Bank from G. B. Goode,TheFisheriesand Fishery
Industriesof the United SlatWashington, D.C., Government Printifig
Office, I88i.
Annex22
@ Cornparisun oiCanadi~ii ratçh irom the northe~stern portion of<;eorge. Rank
wiih total C~nadian catch in ihe nurrhucbt Atlaniis for the ).cars 1977-1981
(in metric tons),
Annex27
Figure 1. Area subject to Call for Nominations in United States outer continen-
@
tal shelfleasesale number 42,17 June 1975,with thebou~ ~r- proposed by
the United States and the Canadian line.
@ Figure 2. United States law enforcement line to protect the lobster of the
United States continental shelf with the boundary proposed by the
United States and the Canadian line.
Annex35
@) Proportionality test applied tothe Canadian line.
Annex39
Figure 4. Profile of continental margin.
Replyof Canada
@ Figure 1. Seawardextensionsperpendicular to coastal frontsin themanner de-
picted in Figure 31, United States Memorial, and Figure 23, United States
@ Counter-Memorial.@ Figure 2. TheGulf of Maine area compared 10the western Mediterranean.
Figure3. Comparisons of scale: Nova Scotia and other areas.
@
@ Figure 4. The United States defines the "relevant area" on the basis of ils 1982
boundary proposal.
- Fi-ure 5. The "relevant areas" in the United States Counter-Memorial.
Figure 6. The depiciion in the United Staies Counter-Memoriîl ofthe general
direction of the codsi in the inner iireî.
@ Figure 7. The opposire or adjasen1 relationship of the coasts relaiive lu the
Atlantic region in thc Anglo-French Continental Shcli Arhitration.
@ Figure 8. Mathematical :inalysisof the uppositeoradjacent relationshipof ihç
co~stsrclati\,eto thiobe delimited, asapplied to the basepoints used
in the construction of the Canadian line.
Figure 9. The proportionate or disproportionate eîfects of particular geo-
@ graphical features orian equidistance boundary.
@ Figure 10. The relevant fishingcoasts: Georges Bank.
@ Figure II. The relevantfishing coasts: the inner area.
Figure 12. The land bouiidar) tcrminur, iheexisiing rnariiimc boundarytermi-
@ nus and the anreed rioini oi'commensernent (Point A) of ihe single mari-
tinie bounda6.
Figure 13. The United States viewof the perpendicular "seaward extension of
coastal fronts" appliedtothe United Kingdom and France.
Figure 14. The geological links between Nova Scotia and Georges Bank.
Figure 15. The American Geographical Society bathymetric map of the Gulf
of Mainearea, 1974.
Figure 16. Projected dispersion of oil from a spill on Georges Bank.
Figure 17. The line used by Canada and the United States to divide State
responsibility for oil spill contingency planning.
Figure 18. NACFI/ICNAF/NAFO dividing lines and the Canadian line.
Figure 19. Licences and permits issued by Canada and the United States in
1965and 1967on the basis of equidistance.
Figure 20. Licences and permits issued by Canada and the United States in
1969on the basis of equidistance.
Figure 21. The United States BLM line.
Figure 22. Licences and permits issued by Canada and the United States in
1975on the basis of equidistance.
Figure 23. The Kennedy line.
Figure 24. Areas used bythe UnitedStates tosupport itsalleged "predominant
interest" in the Gulf of Mainearea within ICNAF.
FigCounter-Memorial comparintotal catches of Canada and the Unitedtates
States on Georges Bank, 1964-1981.
Figure 26. Comparison of the average annual value of total catches byCanada
and the United States on the whole of Georges Bank, 1964-1981and
1969-1978. TABLE OF MAPS ,HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 35
Figure 27. Relative importance of basic industries in the economies of
Nova Scotia,Massachusetts and selected industrialized States.
Figure 28. Cornparison ofthe relative importanceof the Georges Bank fisher-
ies to Nova Scotia and Massachusetts, 1980.
Figure 29. The perpendicular method applied to the depiction of "the deep
concavity that is the Gulf of Maine" in Figure 21 of the United States
Counter-Memorial.
Figure 30. Equidistance lines in deep coastal concavities: the Canadian linein
the Gulf of Maine area and the continental shelf boundary in the Gulf of
Venice.
Figure 31. The appropriateness of the equidistance method in a coastal con-
cavity depends on the conjunction of physical and political geography.
Figure 32. Equidistance is appropriate when the land boundary terminus
between two States is located in the corner of a concavity.
Figure 33. Delimitation in the Bay of Biscay compared to the Gulf of Maine
area.
Figure 34. The influence of convexities and concavities on the course of an
equidistance line: the cul-off effect.
Figure 35. The successive United States lines in the inner area.
Figure 36. The Canadian line.
Annexestothe Reply of Canada
State Practice (Vol.1)
ParrI
Fi.ure A. Continental shelf boundary in the Bayof Biscay.
Figure B. Points Q3, R and T from Bay of Biscay delimitation applied to the
Gulf of Maine area.
PartII
Figure 1. Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela continental shelfboundary.
Figure 2. Chile-Pen maritime boundary.
Figure 3. Peru-Ecuador maritime boundary.
Figure 4. Nonvay-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics continental shelf boun-
dary.
Figure 5. Saudi Arabia-Bahrain continental shelfboundary.
Figure 6. Senegal-Guinea-Bissau maritime boundary.
Figure 7. Netherlands-Federal Republic of Gemany continental shelf boun-
dary.
Figure 8. Sharjab-Umm al Qaywayn continental shelf boundary.
Figure 9. Nonvay-United Kingdom continental shelf boundary.
Figure 10. Finland-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics continental shelf
boundary (Gulf of Finland).
Figure II. Denmark-Federal Republic of Germany continental shelf boun-
dary(North Sea).36 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 12. Denmark-Federal Republic of Germany continental shelf boun-
dary (Baltic Sea).
Figure 13. Netherlands-United Kingdom continental shelf boundary.
Figure 14. Denmark-Nonvay continental shelf boundary (North Sea).
Figure 15. United Kingdom-Denmark continental shelf boundary.
Figure 16. Finland-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics continental shelf
boundary (Baltic Sea).
Figure 17. Italy-Yugoslavia continental shelf boundary.
Figure 18. Abu Dhabi-Dubai continental shelf boundary.
Figure 19. Sweden-Nonuay continental shelf boundary.
Figure 20. Saudi Arabia-Iran continental shelf boundary.
Figure 21. Poland-German Democratic Republic continental shelf boundary.
Figure 22. Qatar-Abu Dhabi continental shelf boundary.
Figure 23. Poland-Union of Soviet Socialist Republiw continental shelf boun-
dary.
Figure 24. Iran-Qatarcontinental shelf boundary.
Figure 25A. Malaysia-lndonesia continental shelf boundary (Malacca Strait).
Figure 25B. Malaysia-lndonesia continental shelf boundary (South China
Sea).
Figure 25C. Malaysia-lndonesia continental shelf boundary (South China
Sea).
Figure 26. Federal Republic of Germany-Denmark continental shelf boun-
dary.
Figure 27. Netherlands-Federal Republic of Germanycontinental shelf boun-
dary.
Figure 28A. Australia-lndonesia continental shelfboundary (Arafura Sea).
Figure 28B. Australia-lndonesia continental shelfboundary (Arafura Sea).
Figure 28C. Australia-lndonesia continental shelf boundary (Pacific Ocean).
Figure 29. Iran-Bahrain continental sbelf boundary.
Figure 30. Italy-Tunisia continental shelfboundary.
Figure 31. Federal Republic of Germany-United Kingdom continental shelf
boundary.
Figure 32. Thailand-lndonesia continental shelf boundary.
Figure 33. Malaysia-lndonesia continental shelf boundary (Malacca Strait
extension).
Figure 34. Malaysia-Thailand continental shelf boundary (Andaman Sea).
Figure 35. Umguay-Brazil maritime boundary.
Figure 36A. Finland-Sweden continental shelf boundary (Gulf of Bothnia).
Figure 36B. Finland-Sweden continental shelf boundary (Gulf of Finland).
Figure 37. Australia-Indonesia continental shelf boundary (Timor and Ara-
fura Seas extension).
Figure 38. Australia-lndonesia continental shelfboundary (Arafura Seaexten-
sion). TABLEOF MAPS,CHARTSAND ILLUSTRATIONS 37
Figure 39. Argentins-Umguay maritime boundary.
Figure 40. Denmark-Canada continental shelf boundary.
Figure 41. Spain-Francecontinental sbelf boundary.
Figure 42A. Japan-Korea continental sbelf boundary.
Figure 426. Japan-Korea joint development zone.
Figure 43. Italy-Spain continental shelf boundary.
Figure 44. Iran-Oman continental shelf boundary.
Figure 45. India-Indonesia continental shelf boundary.
Figure 46. Iran-United Arab Emirates continental shelf boundary.
Figure 47. Senegal-Gambia maritime boundary (nortb and soutb).
Figure 48. Colombia-Ecuador maritime boundary.
Figure 49. Indonesia-Thailand continental shelfboundary.
Figure 50. Portugal-Spain continental shelf boundary (north and south).
Figure 51. India-Sri Lanka maritime boundary.
Figure 52. Mauritania-Morocco continental sbelfboundary.
Figure 53. Kenya-Tanzania maritime boundary.
Figure 54. Cuba-Mexico maritime boundary.
Figure 55A. Colombia-Panama maritime boundary (Caribbean Sea).
Figure 556. Colombia-Panama maritime boundary (PacificOcean).
Figure 56. India-Maldives maritime boundary.
Figure 57. India-Indonesia continental shelf boundary.
Figure 58. USA-USSR maritime boundary.
Figure 59. Colombia-Costa Rica maritime boundary.
Figure 60. Italy-Greececontinental shelf boundary.
Figure 61. Haiti-Cuba maritime boundary.
Figure 62. United States of America-Cuba maritime boundary.
Figure 63. Colombia-Dominican Republic maritime boundary.
Figure 64. Colombia-Haiti maritime boundary.
Figure 65. Venezuela-United States of America maritime boundary.
Figure 66A. Venezuela-Netherlands maritime boundary (Aruba, Curacao,
Bonaire).
Figure 668. Venezuela-Netherlands maritime boundary (Saba, Aves Island).
Figure 67A. United States ofAmerica-Mexicomaritime boundary(Caribbean
Sea).
Figure 676. United States of America-Mexico maritime boundary (Pacific
Ocean).
Figure 68. India-Thailand continental shelf boundary.
Figure 69. Sweden-Geman Democratic Republic maritime boundary.
Figure 70. Turkey-Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics continental shelfboun-
dary.
Figure 71A. Australia-Papua New Guinea maritime boundary. 38 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 71B. Australia-Papua New Guinea maritime boundary.
Figure 71C. Australia-Papua New Guinea maritime boundary.
Figure 72. Nonvay-United Kingdom continental shelf boundary.
Figure 73. Venezuela-Dominican Republic maritime boundary.
Figure 74. Denmark (Faeroes)-Nonvay maritime boundary.
Figure 75. Malaysia-Thailand continental shelf boundary (Gulf of Thailand).
Figure 76. France-Tonga maritime boundary.
Figure 77A. Costa Rica-Panama maritime boundary (Caribbean Sea).
Figure 778. Costa Rica-Panama maritime boundary (Pacific Ocean).
Figure 78. Mauritius-France maritime boundary.
Figure 79. United States of America-Cook Islands maritime boundary.
Figure 80. Venezuela-Francemaritime boundary.
Figure 81. Burma-Thailand maritime boundary.
Figure 82. Tokelau-United States of America maritime boundary.
Figure 83. Indonesia-Papua New Guinea continental shelf boundary (Pacific
Ocean extension).
Figure 84. France-Brazil maritime boundary.
Figure 85.'St. Lucia-France maritime boundary.
Figure 86. Norway-lceland continental shelfboundary.
Figure 87A. France-Australia maritime boundary (Coral Sea).
Figure 878. France-Australia maritime boundary (Indian Ocean).
Figure 88. France-United Kingdom continental shelf boundary.
Supplementary Evidence and Miscellaneous
Documents(Vol.II)
Parr 1
Figure 1. Nova Scotia total value of landings by fisheries statistical district,
@ 1979.
Figure 2. Nova Scotia registered fisbermen byfisheries statistical district, 1979.
Figure 3. Dependence of southwest Nova Scotia on Georges Bank, gross
domestic product, 1980.
Figure 4. Nova Scotia forest capability map.
Figure 5. Nova Scotiaagricultural land classification map.
Figure 6. Comparison of employment opportunities inthe primary and secon-
@ dary sectors of southwest Nova Scotia and eastem Massachusetts.
ParrII
Figure 1. NACFl statistical areas.
DocurnenlaryAppendix 31
Areas fished for cod by dory scboonen.
Areas fisbed for cod by otter trawlen. TABLE OF hlAPSCHARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 39
Parr III
Figure 1. Map filed by the United States depictingtheareato besurveyed pur-
suantto United States permit E3-75.
Figure 2. "Reproduction" map filed hy the United Statesdepicting the area to
be surveyed pursuant to United States permit EI-70.
Figure 3. Map filed bythe United Statesdepicting the area to besurveyed pur-
suant to United States permit E2-72.
Figure 4. Ballotcirculated to memhers ofthe 1972East Coast Joint Survey.
Figure 5. The United States "BLM line".
Figure 6. Map depicting the "original permit area" and the "extended area" to
be surveyed pursuant to United States permit E3-75.
Figure 7. Map provided by Columbia Gas System to the United States Geo-
logical Survey in connection with United States permit E16-75.
Figure 8. Map provided by Chevron Standard Limited (The Californi;i Stand-
ard Company)to the Canadian Government in connection with Canadian
exploratory licence 927.
Figure 9. "Reproduction" map filed by the United Statesdepicting the areato
be surveyed pursuant to United States permit E3-67.
Figure 10. Map provided by Chevron Standard Limited 10 the Canadian
Government in connection with Canadian exploratory licence 1283.
DocumenraryAppendix3
U.S. Geological Survey OCS permit E2-72.
DocumenraryAppendix4
Map pertaining to OCS permit EI-74 -Digicon, Inc.
DocumenraryAppendix5
U.S. Geological Survey OCS permit and agreement No. E3-75.
Map pertaining to OCS permit E3-75.
U.S. Geological Survey OCS permit E3-75.Extended area plat.
DocumenraryAppendix6
Proposed Columbia Gas 1975exploratory research survey.
DocumenraryAppendix 7
Reproduction map pertaining to United States permit E3-67.
Par1IV
Annex 6
Figure 2. Locations of COST wells Nos. G-l and G-2, USGS core hole 6001,
and the grid of multichannel seismic reflection profiles.
Figure 3. lsopach map of UpperTriassicand youngersedimentary rocks inthe
Georges Bank Basin.
Figure 4. Tectonic-stmctural map of the Georges Bank region showing the
stable, shallow platforms of Paleozoic continental cmst, areas of block-
faulted cmst (subbasins or grabens), steps (half-grabens) and intervening
basement highs, and Jurassic oceanic cmst. 40 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 5. Lithologic logs of the COST Nos. G-l and G-2 wells and the Nan-
tucket Island well (6001). Modified from Scholle, Krivoy, and Hennessy
(1980): Scholle, Schwab, and Krivoy (1980): Judkins and others (1980);
and Folger and others (1978).
Annex 7
Figure 6. Dip section BB'of Georges Bank Basin
Annet;10
Figure 1. Seismicityof northeastern United States and eastern Canada, 1534to
1959,from Smith (1966).
Figure 2. Seismicity of eastern and central North America, 1961-1974,from
data of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Figure 3. Historic earthquakes in eastern North America.
Figure 9. Geologic features in northeastern United States and southeastern
Canada.
Anne.r15
Figure 3. Median grain sizeof bottom sediment (from Hülsemann, 1967).
Reply ofthe UnitedStates of America
@ Figure 1. Depictions of the continental shelf definedasthe 100-fathom-depth
contour from 1945until the First United Nations Conference on the Lawof
the Sea.
Figure2. Proportionality test apIOiihe line proposed bythe United States
@ in 1976out to the 1.000-fathom-depih contour.
@ Figure 3. Proportionality test applied to the 1976 Canadian line out to the
1,000-fathom-depth contour.
@ Figure 4. Comparison of the houndary proposed by the United States and of
the lineclaimed byCanada with linesdrawnfrom theagreed starting-point
to the northeast and southwest corners of the triangle defined in the
Special Agreement.
Figure 5. Graph based upon the method employed in the argument of Profes-
@
sor Jaenicke of the Federal Repuhlic of Germany in the North Sea Conti-
nenralSheifcases (I.C.J. Pleadings,Vol. II, p. 29).extendedto 200nautical
miles(370km) seaward of the coastline. (United StatesMemorial, Fig.25.)
@ Figure6. 151' azimuth reflecting "general direction" St.Croix River
portion of the land boundary and 151"azimuth seaward from the agreed
starting-point.
Figure 7. Comparison of an equidistant line to a perpendicular line intheGulf
of Maine area; from the Memorial of the Federal Republic of Germany
(I.C.J. Pleadings. North Seo Continental Shelf:1,p. 45, Fig. 10.
United States Memorial, Fig. 24.)
Figure 8. Figure 14of the Canadian Counter-Memorial revised to permit an
analogy between the concavity in the Gulf of Maine and a hypothetical
concavity in the English Channel. TABLEOF MAPS,CHARTSAND ILLUSTRATIONS 41
6?l F-eure 9. Figure 10of the Canadian Counter-Memorial modified ta de~ict a
geomciGcal figure reprcrnta io~stal concaviiy cornparahle io the
-eo-~dphy oitheG~lfoMaine arca.
Figure 10. A: United States-Mexico maritime boundary extending from the
@ land boundary in middle of concavity as reproduced frorn Figure 35A of
@ the Canadian Counter-Memorial. B: Equidistant line from hypothetical
United States-Canada land boundary in middle of concavity taken frorn
Figure 22of the United StatesCounter-Mernorial.
@
@ Figure I1. Successive representation of bathymetirc (depth) contours depicted
in Figure 3of the Canadian Counter-Memorial.
@ Figure 12. Phytoplankton concentra-iat the same tirne of year in four
different years.
Figure 13. Phytoplankton concentr-tJanuary through December.
Figure 14. Maritime areas not claimed by the United States but "legally
@ adjacent or appurtenant" ta the United States under Canada's notion
of 200-nautical-mile radial projections.
Annexes to the Reply of the United States
of America
DocumentaryAnnexes (Vol.1)
Annex 14
Figure 1. The continental margin.
Figure II. Pacific and Arctic coasts.
Annex16
Depth contours and tints.
Annex 19
Application of the equidistance method giving "half effect" ta the southwestern
@ coast of Nova Scotia.
AnalyticalAnnexes (Vol.Il)
Annex21
@ Figure 1. A: Herring tagging studies, showing extensive movement from the
Bay of Fundy throughout the Gulf of Maine area and beyond (Canadian
Counter-Memorial, Annexes, Vol. 1,Fig. 53).B: Herring tagging studies
(Canadian Fig. 53with numhers added ta reflect the number of herring
recaptures represented by each arrow and hy the band along the coast of
Nova Scotia).
Figure 2. Canadian offshore lahster fishing areas in the Gulf of Maine. (Can-
@ adian Counter-Mernorial, Annexes, Vol.1,Fig.40.)
@ Figure 3. Canadian offshore lobster fishing areas as actually drawn by Can-
adian scientists Stasko and F'ye.
Figure 4. Concentrations of commercial fishing effort as actually drawn hy
@ Canadian scientists Stasko and F'ye.42 GULF OF MAINE
Figure 5. Lobster tag returns, showing extensive migrations from Port Mait-
land, Nova Scotia throughout the Gulf of Maine area. (Canadian Counter-
Memorial, Annexes, Vol. 1,Fig. 41.)
Figure 6. Recapturepoints for 30taggedlobster out of morethan 14,000lobster
recaptured.
Annex24
Figure 1. Geographic distribution of spider crab hyas coarcrarus. (Source:
Williams and Wigley, 1977,p. 25.)
Figure 2. Geographic distribution of shrimp crangon sepremspinosa.(Source:
Ibid....20..
Figure 3. Geographic distribution of bivalve asrarre castanea. (Source:
Theroux and Wigley, 1983,p.73, Fig. II.)
Figure 4. Geographic distrihution of hennit crabpagirrus acadianus.
Figure 5. Geographic distribution of bivalve cyclocardia (= venericardia)
borealis.(Source:Theroux and Wigley, 1983,p. 86, Fig.38.)
Figure 6. Geographic distribution of bivalve musculirsdiscors.(Source: Ibid..
p. 100,Fi..65.)
Figure 7. Geographic distrihution of shrimp pandalus borealis. (Source:
Williams and Wigley, 1977,p. 34.)
Figure 8. Geographic distribution of bivalve arciica islandica. (Source:
Theroux and Williams, 1983,p. 71. Fig.8.)
Figure 9. Geographic distribution of rock crab cancer irrorarus. (Source:
Williams and Wigley, 1977,p. 18.)
Annex25
Figure 1. Temperature-salinity relationship for the Georges Bank and Scotian
Shelf water masses.
Figure 2. Modification of Canadian Figure 14showing sea-surface tempera-
ture patterns forselected waters of thesouthwestern ScotianShelf,the Gulf
of Maine Basin, and Georges Bank.
Figure 3. Surfacetemperatures and temperature gradients in June of four con-
secutive yean.
Figure 4. Surface temperatures and temperature gradients -January through
December.
Figure 5. Annual progression of temperatures in the water above the south-
westernScotianShelf, theGulf of Maine Basin,and Georges Bank -shown
for forty years (1941-1980) in the uppermost 150 metres of the water
column.
Annex28
Figure 1. United Stateslandings of majorgroundfish (cod, haddock, yellowtail
flounder) - 1981.
Figure 2. United States sea scallop landings - 1981; and United States sea
scallop landings - yearly average for 1957-1962.
Annex32
Figure 1. Fisheries districts and county boundaries of Nova Scotia. TABLE OMAPS HARTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 43
Annex 34
@- F-gure 1. United States and Canadianointreferred to in this Annex
for the purpose of mcasuring the ~o;istliiizhciIk~nd andntuikct
C~pc Sahlc undcr the pmporti<~nalii!ie,i.
Oral Arguments of Canada
@ Figure 9. The Canadian line.
Figure 32. Comparison ofthe relative effects of a headland and a three-sided
@ concavity on an equidistance line. A: Graph based upon the method em-
ployed in the argument of Professor Jaenicke of the Federal Republic of
Germany in the NorrhSearinenralShel/cases (I.C.J. Pleadings. Vol.II,
p. 29), extended to 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward of the coastline.
@) United States Memorial, Figure 25. B: United States Memorial, Figure 25,
and United States Reply, Figure 5, amended to show a three-sided con-
cavity twice as wide as deep.
Figur33.Close-up of Figure 32 comparison of the relative effects of a head-
@@ land and a three-sided concavity on an equidistance line.
Figure 37. The proximity test. A: Coastal fronts used in testing the relative
@ proximity of Nova Scotia and the state of Maine tH:Areages Bank.
of Nova Scotia that lies to the farthest point claimed by Canadaon
Georges Bankhan does the coastal front of the state of Maine. C: Area of
Nova Scotia that lieser to the central part of the disputed area on
Georges Bank than does the coastal front of the state of Maine. D: Area of
Nova Scotia that lieser to the northeast peak of Georges Bank than
does the coastal front of the state of Maine.
Figure 43. Point "Aand the triangle as defined in Article II of the
@ Special Agreement. [ihisflgure isidentical IoFigure 97.below.]
@ Figure 56. Sea surfacetemperatures of the Gulfof Maine area.
-2ioFi-ure 61. Part of the oermit man attached to the letter of 8Aoril 1965from the
<:anadian l>rpsrtheni of 'lirihern Ai'ljir. 2nd ~ationai Resourcer to th?
L1nitedSt:iic. Dcp.rrimcnt oithc Interi3rCanddian b~remap
of the Gulfaine area.
@ Figure 62. Part of the permit map attached to the letter of 30 August 1966
from the Canadian Department of External Affairs to the United States
Embassyat Ottawa.pictedonaCanadiabasemapoftheGulfoMaine
area.
@ Figure 72A. Seismic lines shot by Canadian licensees and permittees in the
Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1965-1969.
Figure 72B. Seismic lines shot hy Canadian licensees and permittees in the
@ Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1970-1973.
FiguGulf of Maine-Georges Bank area, 1974.1979.nsees and permittees in the
@ Figure 72D. Canadian oil and gas permits in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank
area.
@ Figure 74. The 1969east coast joint survey.
Figure 76. Applications ofthe equidistancemethod in the Gulf of Maine area.
@) 44 GULF OF MAINE
@ Figure 77. The 1972east coastjoint survey: Canadian and United Statesexten-
sions.
@ Figure 79. The 1974and 1975east coast joint surveys: "Georges Bank and
"extensions".
Figure 89. The "grey area": the Canadian line.
@
Figure 97. The Canadian line and the 1982United States boundary proposal.
Figure 103. The Canadian line andthe hypothetical Gulf of Maine closing line.
@
@ Figure 104. The Canadian line,the strictequidistance line andthe hypothetical
Gulf of Maine closing line.
Oral Arguments of the United States of
America
Figure 6a. Boundary proposed by the United Statesin the Gulf of Maine area
and the Canadian line (with equidistant line).
Figure 9. Figure showing a hypothetical concave coastline belonging to two
States, with land boundary in the middle and equidistant line.
Figure IO. Figure illustrating the effect of a rectangular concavity upon the
course of the equidistant line.
Figure 12. Figureillustrating that theequidistant linecompletelycuts off coast
YX fromthe area seaward of the closing line.
Figure 13. Figure showing turning points of the equidistant line with concavi-
ties of different depth-to-width proportional dimensions.
Figure 15. Figure illustrating the importance of the location of the land
boundary in the case of a curved concavity and the relationship between
the location of the land boundary and cut-off effect caused by the equi-
distant line.
Figure 16. The extent and the inequity of the cut-off effectifan equidistant line
were used in the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 21. Figure illustrating the effect of Maine and New Hampshire on the
course of an equidistant line.
Figure 29. Geometrical illustration of an equitable solution.
Figure 60. Comparison of GDP.
Figure 63. Anillustration of the practical effects of vertical exaggeration using
the topography of North America.
Figure 70. Seabed gradients -the rate of descent.
Figure 71.Water circulation in the Gulf of Maine area.
Figure 72. Surface temperatures with temperature g-a14June 1979.
Figure 74. Distribution ofhaddock larvae.
Rejoinderof Canada
@ Figure 50. The hiotic provinces of part of North America. (After Dice, 1943,
by permission of the University of Michigan Press.)
Figure 121. Coastal front extensions in the Gulf of Maine area: inner area.
@ TABLE OF MAPS. CHARTS AN0 ILLUSTRATIONS 45
Figure 122. Coastal front extensions in the GuMaine area: outer area.
Figure 123. United States concept of the perpendicular extension of the coast
of Maine.
Figure 131. Seaward extensions perpendicular to coastal fronts in the manner
depicted in Figure31 ofthe UnitedStates Memorial compared tothe radial
extensionofthe coast asdescribed in paragraphs 150to 152and 564to 568
of the Canadian Counter-Memorial.
Figure 136. The cul-off effect.
Figure 138. United Statesoral proceedings, Figure 12corrected.
Figure 142. The 1982 United States boundary proposal, Point A and the
triangle.
Figure 143. Tripoint (turningpoi50) of the Canadian line.
Figure 144. The Canadian line compared to a perpendicular to the hypo-
thetical Gulf of Maine closing line at ils midpoint.
Figure 148.nie Canadian line, the due north line and the hypothetical Gulfof
Maine closing line.
Figure 149. The United Stateslaw enforcement lineto protect thelobster
United States continental shelf(UnitStates Memorial, Fig. 16)and the
hypothetical Gulf of Maine closing line.
Figure 150. Points of convergence.
Figure 151. The implications of the direction of the boundary in the outer area
for the allocation of maritime space.
Figure 155. The relevantishing coasts: Georges Bank.
Figure 156. Part of the permit map attached to theer of 8 April 1965from
theCanadian Department of Northern Affairs and National Resource10
the United States Department of the lnterior depicted on a Canadian
baseman of the Gulf of Maine area.
~ ~ ~ ~.
O Ftgure 157. PJrt ol'thç perm~p~ttlichrdtotheletteroi3 U~66fumusi
the Canÿdi-in I)epartnienoi I:xtcrnïAlT~irsIo the United Siale5 Em-
b3so.ai Ortaua. 1)epictsd on a Canadian h-iiem-ip of the Gul\laine
area.
@ Figure 160. Composite mapdepicting seisrnic lines shot under Digicon group
surveys: 1969-1975.
Figure 166. The statistical unit line and concentrations of cod, haddock and
@ scallops on Georges Bank.
@) Figure 171. Canadian proportionalitymodel A including only the Bay of
Fundy coast that "faces" the "area in which the delimitationto take
place".
Rejoinder of the United States of America
@ Figure 89. Relative share ofthe combined United States/Canadian total catch
on Georges Bank by weight (1969.1982) for statistical units (522, 523. 524
and 525).
Figure 90. Area of Atlantic Oceancovered by application for permit El -65.
Figure 91.Northeastem limit ofareaof Atlantic Oceancovered by application
for permit El-65. 46 GULF OMAINE
@ Figure 94. Area of AtlanticOcean covered by application for permit E3-68.
Figure 95. Northeastern limits of area of Atlantic Ocean covered by applica-
tion for permit E3-68.
Figure 96. Northeastern limits of area of exploration described by detailed
@ work plan submitted subsequent to application for permit E3-68.
@ Figure 97. Exploration proposed under permit E3-69on Georges Bank.
Figure 98. Exploration conducted on Georges Bank under permit E4-69.
@
@ Figure 109. Chile-Peru and Peru-Ecuador maritime boundaries.
@ Figure I10. Chart showingthat al1of Georges Bank iswithin200nautical miles
of the coast of Maine.
Figure 113. Geometrical diagram illustrating Canada's theory that each seg-
@ ment of the coast generates 200-nautical-mile jurisdiction in al1directions.
@ Figure 122. Diagram showing a possible solution of delimitation of the equi-
distant line.
Figure 124. Proportionality test appliedto the modified ICNAF line out to the
@ 200-nautical-mile limit.
@ Figure 125. Proportionality test applied to the line proposed by the United
States in 1976out to the 200-nautical-mile limit.
@ Figure 127. Proportionality test appliedto the modified Canadian perpendicu-
lar to the general direction of the coast (154") out to the 200-nautical-mile
limit.
Figure 128. Chart demonstrating the point to stop the equidistant line.
@
@ Figure 130. Proportionality test applied to the perpendicular to the general
direction of the coast (144") at the point on the Gulf of Maine closing
line three-fourths thefrom Nantucket to Cape Sable out to
the 200-nautical-mile limit.MAPS,CHARTSAND
ILLUSTRATIONS
CARTES
ETILLUSTRATIONS .MerratorFmWn atM41°WN
NEW BRUNSWICK
/
/
/
72- 71' 70" 69' 68" 6P 66" 65' 64"
Figure 1: Claimr ofthe Parties al 29 March 1979ATLANTIC OCEAN
Fimre 3: Consrrucriofthe Conodian line72' no 70- 69 68' 6P 66' 65" 64" 63'
46'
DEPTHIN METRES NEW BRUNMK
4$
43
42
41
40
39
38
72- 71' 70" 69" 6B 67 66' 65' 64' 6T
Figure4: Oursrandingoffshore oil and ga,spermirs72' no 70' 6g9 689 6P 66' 65' 64" 639
C&NAD!ANCLAIM
2W-MILE iISHING ZON-D -
US CLAIM
2W.MILE FISIIINGZON-D -
72' no 70" 699 689 67 6@ 6P 64- 63"
'~i~ure5: Consrrucrionof the Parries'200-mile/ishing zones MAINE
Figu6NeBrunswick-Maine land boundaty
O .bLLLLLLJLdYYVVFÇ
Y~4LLLLLLJL.L\L\LYici(iC
LLLLLLJLLLLJLdddd
e~~u@@d@@@@e@&&&2d1d~CfcK~TT?'~
icY<$$$~fV@PV$$d&#d 7'2
YYvYYvv$dd
CCYYd 50
30.1-0.5 kt1.5-2.0 kt NAUTICMILES
Figure18: Tidal systems in the Gulfof Maine area
Q
'TT?PPP77'????AAA
'TT?rPr7777rfi>>A
?TTTTTttZ177117755~%~TT7'~77\~.
'T'T'TTTT27111%%5551 +Y
'TTTTTT%%%%
. 0-0.1kt "7'T'T-T 0 50
j0.l-0.5kt 1.5-2.0kt NAUTICMILES
+0.5-i.OkD2.0-2.5kt'
Figure19: Tidal systems in the Gulfof Maine area
8Figure22: ICNAF subareas and divisions72' 71' 70' 69' 68" 67 66' 65" 64" 63"
46
NEW BRUNÇWICK
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
CANADIANCLAIM
38
72" no 70' 69' 68' 67 66" 65' 64" 63"
Figure23: Sfoiisri<olunilsof'ICNAF subdivision 5Zr7Z9 71e 70- 69" 68" 67 66' 65' 64' 639
46
NEW BRUNWCK
OEPMSIMEIRES
45
44
43
42
41
4c
IC OCEAN
3E
72" 71- 70- 69" 68" 6P 66- 65' 64' 6h
Figure 31: Canadianoffshoreoil angosexplorarorjpermirsar .Tirne1965 ATLANTIC OCEAN
38- 38"
72' 77- 70° 69" 68' 67 66' 65' 64' 6?
Fizure32: Consrrucrionof rhe Canadianline72' no 70' 69" 6e 67 6L? 659 64' 63'
Figure 33: Eflecrof CopeCod on equidisronce4 ATLANTIC OCEAN
Figure4: Coasiol"wiO/ihGuljofMaine are4 EAST COAST - GEORGES BANK
OlSPOSlTlON OF SUBMERGE0 RESOURCES
PORTION OF GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE
AND AïLANTlC MAP NO. 150
RECONSTRUCTEDTO ILLUSTRATE
EXPLORATORY PERMITS ISSUE0 AS AT
APRlL 8.1965
CANADA OILA ADMINISTR4TIONFigure 7
RANGES OF STOCKS OF SIXTEEN COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES,
IN A ZONE EXTENDING FROM BLOCK ISLAND (RHODE ISLAND). ..
ACROSS GEORGES BANK, THE NORTHEAST CHANNEL, AND
BROWNS BANK TO LAHAVE BANK
Fishable Quantities of Individual Stocks Occur as lndicated by Bars
[NortheasChannel
Island Bankve
I I I
Slver Hak1. . . . ~ 1
Haddock 1
--.
Pollock
Longfin
Red Hake
Yellowtail
Shortfin
Argentine
Redfish
Scallops
WhiteHake
I 1 -
Georges Bank BrowosBank -
58'
5w
-
-
GRISBADARNA: PRIMARY
BOUNDARY LINESPROPOSEDBY
SWEDEN AND NORWAY TO THE
TRIBUNAL AND THE BOUNDARY
ESTABLISHED BY THE TRIBUNAL
0.0lconi<iinrniii,.
1 = 0.54Iithoml
BaunlPsC0mPil.'rom K1RTorGIIISEBhAENE-TORBIORNSK1AEi)-
HERWL-NORDIOSTER.Kriitii1808. Sri1:25.000GRAPH BASED UPON THE METHOD EMPLOYED IN THE
ARGUMENT OF PROFESSOR JAENICKE OF THE
FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY IN THE NORTH SEA
CONTINENTAL SHELF CASES (PLEADINGS, VOL.11, P.29),
EXTENDED TO 200 NAUTICAL MILES (370 KM.)
SEAWARD OF THE COAST LlNE PARALLEL OF LATITUDE
/IREaUIDISTANTLlNE (40°2'51"N)
LambirlConformilProi.ellon
8cil1:41,000,000 %sae Figure36
DIVISION OF STOCKS OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES BY
THE ADJUSTED PERPENDICULAR LlNE AND THE EQUIDISTANT LINE
The Zone in which the Range of Stocks is Depicted Extends
from Block Island (Rhode Island), across Georges Bank,
the Northeast Channel, and Browns Bank to LaHave Bank
Equidistanca Line
Adjusted Perpendicular
Block LaHave
Isl ok
Silver Hake
Heiring
Mackerel
Haddock
Cod
Pollock
Longfin
Red Hake
Yellowtail
Shortfin
Argentine
Redfish
Scallops
White Hake
Lobster
Cusk
I 1 -
Georges Bank BrowosBank 1 PROPORTIONALITY TEST APPLIED TO AN
EQUIDISTANT LINE: AREA DETERMINEO BI
REFERENCE TO THE BASE POINTS WHlCH
DETERMINE THAT LlNE
COASTLINE LENGTHS 1.083 naul8csl mile311.969 iilomeleral
United States:
Canada: 112 nsulical milsa1303 kilomefer%l
RATIO OF COASTLINE LENGTHS
INTIC OCEAN Unllad Sfaloi: 83
Cansda: II
TOTALAREA.LESSEXCLUOEOAREA
12.500 square oaulical mil1118.018 square LilomsteirJ
RATIO OF *REAS IF OELlMlTED BV THE EOUlOlSTANi LINE
United States: 68
Csnidm: 42
CONCLUSION
~he proportionality test damonatcat~~ that opplcaofan
equidsiant lino in fhoGulf ol Maiarea is inequilablo the
Unilcd Stalaa aincifwould Ieava (oCansdat8.058 rauare
novfos milos ler.938square klomaterslrnorare* th."the
c..sllinelanglh ratio ndioalshauld sppertan to Canada. t---i
muml -
TheAdvancing ~~~idiît~~~~i~s~t~yed ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ t t n ~ ~ ~ d , ~ ~ t ~ d
Claimsofthe andgaaex~loratorypermitn pernendicularline"assnnnn
nuwlbyfheUnit* StatuMemoMloIlhe United
ünitedStates %365-1969 -
t--l
OuferiimifolfheUnitedStates
îmmi1ezone. ~-.~. .
EffectsProduced
bvSelective
Representation of
Bathymetric
Contours
A
Contourrat60,300,500 and
1000metres
definestheGreatSouthur
Channel.
1000and2000rnetres00.500.
Cantoursat50.100.500.1000
and2000fathornsFigur4
Juxtaposition of RegionsofCanadalyingsouth
ofregionsofthe UnitedStates
Eastern Canadaand
theEastern United
StatesEastof RegionsoftheUnitedStates
lyingnorthofregionsof
Longitude 96' West canada
Note:Theseregionslieinan
east-westrelationtoeach Projection-Conlarmal
other~ Scale-1:lî 000000 UNITEDSTATES
Ml.%
mrff FUNOY
i. "
-
"
uw.5
The International%un6
Macmgeographical
GeneralDirections
oftheEastCoastof
NorthAmerica on a
LambertConforrnal
ProjectionFiW", B
GeneralDirectionof Generaldimlion~~ecoasfr
aPOefmdbyVndô
the inthe
GulfofMaine Area i-
asoefinedbyme Unitede
States Figure8
OppositeCoasts
Figure9
AdjacentCoastsofAdjacencynessand
SBATE
nmn,,
Applicationtothe
Outer Areaofthe
Mathematical
Anaiysisofthe
Oppositeor
AdjacentRelation-
shipoftheCoasts
RelativetotheArea
tobeDelimitedRgure13
TheBayofFundy
andComparable
BodiesofWater
A
BayofFundy
B
me Gulf-Strait ofHormuz
C
GulfofFinland
D
GulfofGabes
NoteE~cGÏ~~ hGsesd7
waterIde~lcledona -Jrnbert
Conformaipro.ect,ona1a
scaleo13000 000 - m.
TheEnglish region"and"outerarea"ic
Channelandthe
GulfofMaineArea:
The Relevan toasts Channelandinnerarea"h
and theareainvolvedinthe
Anglo-FrenContinental
Shelf Arbitare shownat
a scaleof1:10000000. ATLANTIC OCEAN
A
Projection-Mercator
Sale-t:tOOoooo0at5O0N
B
Projeclion-Mer~atOl
Sale-l:l~oooooDat41'N me radiextendonetc-MI oain.inun^
ml5 Stateju"sdr"inaccor- %s,m"~u-,
danîew+thfhedistatan;em~ we.1 .,mrn".,.N
Seaward cipleastnelegal basisottit1e
Extensions ofthe ~adiatinam otcircles
drawnfmmthecoasfninfhe
and G"ifo,MaineareaatintentII
UnitedStates of3andl2 mile
CoastsCornputer A Theseimages revealtheuni-
. . f. ~~.~.~t~e~---~--~,v-.
Generated vertical exaggeration whenexaggeratedto2Xanden
Perspectiveo sfthe 5X.Theonlvtrulvdiscernible
B featuresaréthecontinental
'Oor inthe Perspectivimagewith5X slopeandtheNewEngland
GulfofMaineArea verticaiexaggeration SeamountChain.Figure19
EstimatedOilSpill
Probabilitisrom
ocs OilandGas
LeaseSaleNo.42
UnitedStates
Department ofthe
Interior,Bureauf
LandManagement:
FinalEnvironmental
ImpactStatement,
Ml.2.Washington,
D.C.:Government
PrintinOi ffi1977uwmw 0
Northern Specieç fo6-8 srnies
SP&~BSWOOSSdi*"*IO" or
rangeisincludam:
I\merkaPlallice
Aqenfine
---
CUSk
mllockk
RedhSh
mite hake AiUiNnC CCE4N
m*.#"M**s
m,-lon-"Ma
%,..,:.,mm*.,."
Southern Species g~.;':;~;~
mis Figur~ll~strate~~p~ii0
otnsha~mvenehtes
~nMediîtributioninthe~u81Areaofdirtnbution
olMainearesgeneralWddd (ord-5species
GrealSouthChannel-CsDa 0
Cad-Na"twketShoab
transitionlone. Areaotdistribution
S~&ieswnosedisf~tiolionorfo'1~3sDPies
*,,anticmenhaden
ScUDSpecieswhasedisfribufion or
rangeisincludedare.
Atlanticherring
Atlanficmaskerel
ses-1iopa
IllexsqYid
Lobsfer
Redha&
Silverhake
YellowfaiflounderFigure25
Northwes'tAtlantic
FisherieOrgani-
zation(NAFO)
Su barea5 Figure26
Canadian and
UnitedStates
ScallopCatchesin
Subdivision5Zeby
10MinuteSquares,
1969-1978
A B
Canadian United
Catch Catchs
Lessthan100000 Ibs.
(45454kgs.)
1000000to5000000 Ibs.
(45445t227272kgs.)
= 01
= n
Greaterthan10000000 Ibs.
(4545454kgs.)
H
Canadianline
-- - -
umer ritahcornerofthehe
legendhxes referstotne total
lhatoccurineachcateaorv
within Subdn2e.-~5 Eastern United StatesCoastalandOceanZones
rvnn Counci liEnvironmentQ alualityandOfficeofCoastalZoneManagemen Nt. A
HicialUnled
tatesRepresen-
itionofCanadian
id UnitedStates
iland Gas
perationsinthe
ulfofMaine Area,
180
:esnicandAtmospherk
ministration.unitedStates
30EasternUnRedStates
aslalaOceaZones
taAlla%
OCSOil and Gas
UniteÇtateüpemhw Cdian Operaüons
Am-toifuhin C.0.s.M Rsquhdmbpitup~hblk
O~np Tmhr
~los~s~0>.6ulodmte ~aaidusuy hiiiing
wmaim~yw ~fourd~landlorGm nWeas&~b18pcm*1
~OQSBP~WA~ ~po~amsl~i~no~orndoi ~lranw-
- -mo,.,..-m*"
---> 4.20Figu32
M~DSubmitted to
thecanadian
Governmenb tythe
CompanyReferred
tointheSample
PermitinAnnex40
totheUnitedStates
Memorial SEAGRAVITYPROGRAM
NORTHEAST U. S. AND CANADIAN
Ir CONTINENTAL SHELF
LETED WORK Nautlcal Mlbs m
- O
)SED WORK -------- 10-3-69Figur35
Cooperative
OperationaZ lones
andMaritime
Boundaries inthe
GulfofMexico
tlII
Maritimeboundaries
200-milezonesheRegionsarchandRescueFigure41
Seaward
ExtensionsPerpen-
dicularto Coastal
Frontsinthe
MannerDepictedin
Figure 31ofthe
UnitedStates
Mernorial
A
Theattribution ofjurisdiction
onthe basisof aoeroendicuiar
wouia exclude s~bstantlaiOH-
snore areasfrom coasta
Siatcl~r sd clion
Seawardextensions ofan
isiandState
O
Highseas
tIzI
200-mile limit
TheaDDiicationofthe Der-
pend&uiar approacn may
pace offshore areas.mer
distant State of the more
O
Seawardextensions of StateA
Seawardextensionsof State B
O
Highseas
H
200-milelimit b
i \
:
:
:
:
u.
STATE A 1 STATE B
i
Figure43
The"GrevArea"
Wherea sinslemaritime
bobndary inïersectsthe
Do.ntsthatareno1eoddistantt
iromtneCoast.a greyarea"
iscreatedoverwhich neither
Staiecanexercisefisheriesor
jurisdictionnomiczone
B
200-mile limits
B
Equidistanceline
I-----------i
Maritimeboundaw
0
"Greyarea"mu
TheInternational
BoundaryThrough
TerritorialWaters
S.W.&ggS: HlGH SEA
International
Boundaries.New
York:Columbia
University Press,
1940
FIG. 25. THE INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY
THROUGH TERRITORIAL WATERS
The line passes through thbelt of territorial waters (or "terrisea')l
from the coastal terminus of the land boundary to the high sea. This is an
eïample of the siniple type. where there are no islands or highly irregular
coast line. The mort reasonable boundary is the line A.B. the point B being
the intersection of the envelopes ofs of three-mile radius draivn from al1
pints on the shores of the ttvo countries. "Leftlaand "Rightland re-
T~ro other definitions of the internationboundary are rometimes em-
ployed: (i)the extension of the las1 section of the land boundary (in this
example. the line AD'), or (2) a line perpendiculto "the general trend
of the mast" (along the line AC a distance of three miles).th of these
are objectionable, certaiareas (ruled shading) being waters of contro-
vertible juridiction.
Thetextual commentary,at pages
189-190. readsasfollows:
belongto "Rightland" becausethey
On Figure 25 itwill be seenthat, ifthe
boundary terminatesat eitherCor aretothe Ieftofthe boundary;they
Dz0,therewill beazoneofwaters shouldnotbelong to "Leitland"
betweenACor AD (asthe case may becausetheyaremore than three.
be)andthe line AB that needlessly milesfmm its shores;and yet they
constitutes azoneofwatersof con- arenotpart ofthe high seabecause
tmertiblejurisdiction.Thesewaters theyare lessthan three milesfmm
(shadedon the diagram)do not 'Rightland".Figure 46
Cornparisonofthe
GrisbadarnaArea
withtheGulfof
MaineArea
. .
Mapol theGrisbadarna area
shown in Figur20, United
Sfafes Memoria1,ata scale of
1 65000; reproduced here at
a scale of 1:1052
B
me UnitedStates
Grisbadarnamapinserted ina
geographical seiting ofthe
area;scale 1:10000 000
C;
TheUnitedStates
Grisbadarna rnap inserted ina
mapofthe Gulfof Mainearea;
sale 1:10000000Figure50 This Figurecomparesthe
-ihelicaiequidistance line
TheCanadianLine drawnfromstraightiines
configuratioonfthe direcuonofthecoasts.ai
Coasts ConstructionoftheCanadian
line
a
theanadianiined10construct
=
Equidistanceconstruction
lines
w
CanadianlineB
Constructionofthe hypothe-
ticalequidistance line
t-l
Straightlinesrepresentingthe
generaldirectionofthe coasts
B
Equidistanceconstruction
lines
straigntIinesrepresentngthe
generalaireclionoftncts
CanadianlineFigure51
Proportionality
Test A
t---l
Llnes~ttiizedin rneasdrng ihe
lenglh ofthecoasts according
10tneir generalalrection
PerpendcLiar tothemean
generald reclion (0671 oltne
At ant c-facing coasts
-
Seawardlimitsof the200-mile
zones
Hypotheticai Gulfof Maine
ciosing line
Proiect#on-Mercafor
Scale-l0000001,' N
A Seaareasdivided bythe Canadianline
1 2 3
Tareanner areauter Mainearea
(asa whoiel
~stlinelenalhs:
Seaareasdividedbythe
Canadianline:
Totalseaarea 28 506 SNM 81 772 SNM 110278SNN
Canada 8 704 SNM 37 917 SNM 46621 SNN
UnitedStates 19802 SNM 43 855 SNM 63 657 SNN
AREALRATIOS
Canada :United States
United States line:e
Totalseaarea 28 506 SNM 82 543 SNM 111049 SNN
Canada 6586 SNM 14846 SNM 21 432SNW
UnitedStates 21 920 SNM 67 697 SNM 89 617 SNN
AREAL RATIOS
Canada United States
Note SNM reoresenfsSquareNauficalMiles I
3 Sea areasdivided bythe UnitedStateslineFigure52
Proportionality
Test 6
L nesutilizeo n measurfngthe
lengtn ofthe coasts according
to thelr generaadirect on
Meria~ansanaparalle saeline-
at ng seaareas n wntch the
proportionality testppl ed
u
Triangle defined ln Article IIof
the S~eciaiAgreement
Coastlinelengths:
Canada 287NM
UnitedStates 288NM
COASTLINE RATIO
Canada:UnitedStates 50:50
Total sea area 58974SNM
A
Sea Areas Dividedby the
Canadian Line
Canada 23067SNM
UnitedStates 35907 SNM
AREALRATIO
Canada :UnitedStates 3:61
B
SeaAreas Divided bythe
United States Line
Canada 10368SNM
UnitedStates 48606SNM
ARCanada:UnitedStates 18:82
Note Thetest in tnis Figure
applied to tne area bounaed
tothe~~theast ov the
produced 1the triangle is
--l~aea w tn n tn.-test arean<rinu m.
unitedstates~swrtmentn
offshore il and camdian~-app~!cafions Cammems 198DEasIern
Gas Exploratory 0 unfiwsaiés coaswar
Penits andLeases ,,,. ,,, OceBnZonBosnt/l,,as
theGulfof Maine ,,
~ ~RgUreY B
DMsionofGeorges mww"'ine
Banklndicatedbv L--i+ r - - . - " - - _- -
c- :2.
CANADA c.
CANADA
.-
UNITED STATES
NI*m il
. ..
-.\pl
UPLOUYrPI '
-\
: .. . . *j. "?-- j- \
murcnnir -2'~:7+x? JP
; ->U'," ,-..,A, & ;' \,
.;,' .-- \: .
,',<.-,...- &,' -.J_IZ' \.
,W.-
, .. ,
'1 ,./ -
1 '' .:.
- ATUNTIC CCEAN
- 5-1
-
,- 2 -.
,,~L- - --,,
~. , .., -
F. ... *, L -
" * " ,- , - - " - " " - - 31 32 33 34 35
SALIN ITY ( %O )
Figure 13: Temperature-salinity relationship for water masses in the
Gulf of Maine area:SSW: Scotian Shelf water; SW: slope
water; GBW: Georges Bank water; MSW: Maine surface
water; MIW: Maine intermediate water; and MBW: marine
bottom water (whichis confined to the deeper basins of the
Gulfof Maine).
SourceInlermediore Woler." Journo1of MarineVol. 37. No. 1.
1979, p103-139.------ WESTERN SCOTlAN SHELF
GULF OF MNNE
1Figure 25
Distributionof
Macrobenthic
FaunaFoundon
GravelBottom
Sources:RL.Wigley:"Benthiclnvertebrates
otthe NewEmland RshinoBanks:'Undemater
Naturali~t.Vt1.5.No.1,1968,~~.1-13;K.L.
EsluarineInverlebrales.Caoe HatterasIo the
Biyol~undy~~ewYork.Wiley-Interscience.
Inc.,1971.Figure26:
Distribution of
Macrobenthic
Fauna Found on
Sand Bottom
. . .... . .
Gonadellasp
WvmenefIaap
HetenxIigma yr
Luoeliahems
horiz0nlalline Bluelineindicalessueciesof
norfhernorigin. Rediineindicalessueciesof
soulhern~rigin.S~edescommooly occurring
onGeorgesBankarelisled by R LWigley:
overaliraofdistributionprovidedby
K.L Gosner Figure 27
Distribution of
Macrobenthic
Fauna Foundon
SiltvSandBottom
-. .. -- . . . - - - -
Veoerrcamaborealis
Numla a
Crenelllaba
ArcIcai$4andlca
hpeesal vedorum
hoelzsca moressa
mc rangi.ofxne,[iees r .slrateo> Sources R . Erigr, Bvom c ii.rrtefiraier
horronlai nrB .r #nena calerrocciesof oltne he* Engana Fsn ngMnrr Uoor:nuarer
nortnernorign~<:o neinncater roec erol ha!.ralr!MI 5 ho 1 1968 00 1-13 n.
m.lnernor gn soec escornmon (occ.rr ng Gosncr G~io~.toloen~ili~i~onolh<ar.,ieaoo
an ~eoigrr mnr arhisieaDI R- Wigey Err.ar.nemer,eorarer mcnatrerar ta rne
wera 1ranoeolaisti o.ionorwiaeooi wa.olF~nod Ner ~orr Kiei-intelscence. Figure 28
Distributionof
Macrobenthic
FaunaFoundon
Mud Bottom
SIernasp,~SC"lala
Amphitnledrmta
amphiir>ieornata
Onuphissp.
L~lnfmsp.
Modlolarie(MUSCUIUdj)swn
Hapioopslubimla
Calocerirtempleman;
Pandelusbornalis
Pandalusmontagui
Pandalus~mpinpuis
Brisarlerlwi1;s
Ophiumseni
Ophiun mhna
Amphiumolteri
Crenodiseusoispalus
POlyce,~ 1;bmsr
~iierange01tne:.c.eces ..rira!eaoIne So-rcer R . *gr, ~rntntc~nreiteomter
norronla me B..e inr nocaler roeesof of,ne hewEngan0 F sn ng Banrs ~ooenvazrr
n~rrnerorg n Rw ne nacler nieCieroi hai.ml.s,Yo 5 ho 1 1963oo 7-136 .
sa-lnernor9n SoecierCOmmonl. DCCvrrng
unGe~iyerBanh are steaO, R -nig e, Gosner G.. de,oloeo,il.ca, onoiMar,neano
owa ran~eofa nr 0.ronoro.aeoof Ba.olhno.niherti~r6.Ace.cnli!r%cncresroFigure 29:
Distributionof .,,
Macrobenthic --
SpeciesFoundon + y: L &, r - , ,.:.- .a -
Silty,Mudor i.2- ,-
Unspecified .;/ i __*-----_
Substratesofthe ,,.---- --.---.__ .-,-------,---
ScotianShelf i; ,' *VI*, %Y''%'
,6i :,'
.-,'
merangealthesDeciesisillustrateS0urceo:TW.Rowell:CanadianDepartment
oorthernorigin.Redlin?indicatessurveydatLGasner:GoideloIdenli-ublished
suthern origin.SpeciesloundonthficalionofMarineandEsluarineInverlebrateg
Ment 01rangegivenLGosnerowell;JWiiey-intensience.lnc..1971. NeuYork FigureJO:
Distributionof
Macrobenthic
SpeciesFoundon
SandorGraveland
RockSubstratesof
theScotianShelf
s.n7e-,t---, .-O, Therange01thesoeciesisill~strateSOUICB: W.RoweiI:CanadianDeoartmentFigure 40: Canadian offshore lob& fishing areas in the Gulf of Maine
area.
Source: Redrown/rom A. B. SioskandR. W. Pye(see/oornore21)Figure 41: Lobsrer rag rerurns. showing exrensive migrarions /rom Porr Maiiland. Nova
Scoria rhroughourrhe Culfof Maine area.
Sour<e:Redrownfrom A. Campbell(srefoornorr 22).Figure 42: Lobsrpr rag rerurns. showing extensive migrariuns fron! Grand Manan. A'CW
Brunsiuickfhroughourrhe Gulfof Maine area.
Source: R<drdrarn/ronrunpublirhed ConadionD~porrmenO/Fishrries andOrmnx dam
l.,rc/wina<~ 22). HERRING TAGGING
STUDIES
Figure53: Herring iagging srudies, showing exiensive mouenlenrhe Bay of Fundy
rhroughoui rhe Guljof Maine area und beyond.
Source: RcdrownfrT.Slobo (sre/oo31).~Figure 60:
Rangesof Stocks
of 28 Commercially
ImportantSpecies
AUanUchomlng:Summerfsaing --
Spawnngarear-outerGuIl - - -
Spawn~nOveiwintoringii11 - ---- - -
Ju~enile -
Seaacallops:GreatSouthChannel -
NEGwrgerBank -
SWN~vaScol'la -
SGwlperBank -
SGwrgerBaokl~AllanIicB~hSl.mtisnSholl
M.ckeml:SUmmo<
Winte,
Haddo~kSWGsiger BanhNtGmrgeBankSmtianShll. - --
Inn~Gun -
cod:SWGairgerBankNEGwigeI""e<G"Ill. - - --
lello*lnoun.de, ---
Red ha*s':NGwrgerBank/lnnerGulI.SlotianSholl.
~~mrqer~anr.~ia~t~ntic~ighl -
WnlerRounder. - -
menunelr'
RadRiWlnner Gull.ScotianShell
LongRnsquid
ShoiWn sguld
mericanpIaIce?lnne, OlianShell
Lobs-r
Mtch nound,uewif.-mall"ephale"anSheII
Sw~rdflsh
8utDrilsh
A,,g1er.
C"*lr'
Whlts bke':lnnerG~II
Amerlsan shad-marine phare"
Blueftuiu
~uitlanuscalmon-marinepw
Spin" dosflW
Projection-LambertCsnlormal
Sule-l:IBWOWO 'Stock 51ructureUncertain
'.Di%reIe stocksspin the dinerentthe oceans dvring the marine phaseol lheir
riversaremiied togetherwhen theylile history. Figure8
UNITED STATES AND CANADA REPORTED GROUNDFISH
CATCHES IN SUBAREAS 3,4 AND 5 FOR THE YEARS 1893-1950
(in metrictons)
0 UNITED STATES OCANADA
SUBAREA3 - (011Nawloundland)
312,00-
234.00-
156,00-
78,00-
----- -
1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1951
SUBAREA4 - (011NovaScotla)
312,000
1
SUBAREA5 - (off New England)
312.000
1 Figur9
NON.SCALLOPCATCHESOF THE UNITEDSTATESAND
CANADAFROM GEORGESBANK FORTHE YEARS 1904-1981
(in metric tons roundweight)
0 UNITED STATES
a CANADA
I I T I I I -r I I
1904 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981
YEARS Figure10
REPORTEDSCALLOP CATCHESOF THE UNITED STATES
AND CANADA FROM GEORGES BANK FORTHE YEARS 1940-1981
(in rnetric tons rnweight)
YEARS Figure12
COD CATCH
Shora-1935 Banks-1936
nswr*ir,rlFIIHINCCRO"ND5
. 50.000Pound.
..~~~.,.-c--
..,.*"""
1 -
NEW ENGLAND COD AND HADDOCK CATCHES ON
THE INSHORE GROUNDS (1935)ANDTHE OFFSHOREBANKS(1936)
Eachdot represents50,000poundsof catch
Source: E.A. Ackerrnan. New England's FishimgIndustry, 1941 pp. 15, 17 HADDOCK CATCH
Sh0r.- 1935 Bonkr-1936
NIV ENCLAND SllYlNB BROYNDS
. .50,000h""d<
.....,a,..---. ~ ~ ~ ~
MAP ATTACHED TOTHE UNITED STATES DRAFTCONVENTION (FEBRUARY1948)
EPlCTlNGPROPOSEDSUBAREABOUNDARIESAND THE 100.FATHOM DEPTH CONTOUR
AS THE LlMlT OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF Figur21
APPLICATIONOFTHEEQUIDISTANCE METHOD INA DEEPCONCAVITY:REGARDLESS
OF THE LOCATION OF THE LAND BOUNDARY,THE EQUIDISTANT LlNEWlLL
INTERSECTTHE CLOSING LlNE OF THE CONCAVITYAT ITS MID-POINT ANDWlLL
EXTENDSEAWARDASA LlNEESSENTIALLYPERPENDICULAR TOTHECLOSINGLlNE < ' .. ,. .,..., ,,$ ,,,,,...,L
ss
SB -
.
--
. .
., -
-
-- . -
.-
..
-
, .:
-
. .
45 -
-
.I . -
. .
-
i . . -
.
.Er,- -
- -
PROPORTIONALITY TEST APPLIED TO THE -
ADJUSTED PERPENDICULARLlNE PROPOSED BI
THE UNITEDSTATESOUTTO THE IWO -
,a..-
FATHOWEPTH CONTOUR
SIMPLIFI".D.tlt.l.,LENGRI."tY,.,*.
C.-d.. 223 -
MT10 OFCUIw%I-.ELENGTHIj,
-". .3
TOT*LLREAOUTTOTHE~~DFITHDMDLPTH --
CONmURIImIYY.I...Y,Ym,*,
DIVISIONIFOLLiMlTED BI THEAOJUSTEDPERPENDICULAR
LlNE PWWSED BITHE UNlTFDSTATES -
* r L ^ O - , C "n,l.,sUIeI II*~.Y.<..YI,c.I.,k..
MT10 IF DELIMITE0BYïHE AOJUSTLDPERPENDICULAR
OCEAli LlNEPROMMSUS,YTHEUNlTe2STATES: -
e-6- s
D3,.,hO-,~a,#*.,.,..I. a,.-
"..O.%.-.1,..I~si.,l...OD.0.1.2~.
' , 5>. . . , I .: .. . ....I1.. .l..,.. Li,, FEDERAL REPUBLIC
I
/*
DENMARK
NETHERLANDS
- --
I
I SEA
NORTH I
I
I
A. EQUIDISTANT-LINEBOUNDARIESINTHE NORTHSEA
FigureA is basedupon Figure 18 in Mernorialof the FederalRepublicof
Germany,I.C.J. Pleadings, North Sea ContinentalShelf,Vol. 1,p. 73.
.-
\.\00'-
...-~.,. .
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
. . -.
.,,LU \
_/---2- \
B. EQUIDISTANT-LINE
BOUNDARIESINTHE GULF OF MAINE AGREEDNORTH SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF BOUNDARIES AS COMPAREDTO
EQUIDISTANT LINES
The red lines represent thecontinental shelf boundaries establishedby agreement:
between the States concerned. The black,dashed lines represent the equidistantline:
that had been proposedas boundariesby Denmarkand the Netherlands. ,,.,,~,,,,,i,,,,.T,,..~i,~.~,l,,..~i~.,, 8. <T,, , ,.
IQUIDISTANT.LINE SEGMENTIN THE GULF OF MAINE, DRAWN BYANALOGY TO THE
AGREEDNORTH SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF BOUNDARIES
In the North Sea, the distance from the coast of the last equidistant point on the
Federal Republic-Denmark boundary is 15.1% of the distance from the coast to the end.
point of the boundary. For the Federal Republic-Netherlands boundary, the comparable
proportion is22.6%.
The length of the equidistant line pictured here was determined by analogy to these
agreed North Sea boundaries. The distance of the indicated parts are 15.1% and 22.6%,
respectively, of the distance from the international boundary terminus to the point on the
squidistant line that i200 nautical miles from the United States and Canada.AGREED NORTH SEA CONTINENTAL SHELF BOUNDARIES AS COMPARED TO TH1
SECTORLINES PROPOSEDBYTHE FEDERALREPUBLICOF GERMANY
The red lines depict the continental shelf boundaries established by agreement!
betweenthe Statesconcerned. The black, dashed lines represent the sector lines that ha(
been proposed boundaries by the Federal Republic of Germany, I.C.J. Pleadings,
North Se8 Continental Shelf,Vol. 1,p.85, Figure 21. Figur33
SHELF BOUNDARIES
B. HYPOTHETICALNORTH SEA
CONTINENTALSHELF BOUNDARIES
IF THE NORTH SEA WERE AN OPEN OCEAN 7-
F*,\,,l ..,,. t.....i...,.9',,.,,1,...,T.,...i.,.,,T.,,.
EQUIDISTANT.LINESEGMENT IN THE GULF OF MAINE, DRAWN BY ANALOGY TO TH
AGREED BAY OF BISCAY BOUNDARY
In the Bayof Biscay, the distance from the land boundary to the last equidistant poir
on the agreed continental shelf boundary 1s 44% of the distance from the land boundary ts
the point where an equidistant line crosses the closing line.
The length of the equidistant line pictured here was determined by analogy to th
agreed Bay of Biscay boundary. The distance of the endpoint of the line to th
international boundary terminus is 44% of the distance from the international boundar
terminus to the point where the equidistant line crosses the Nantucket Island-Cap
Sable closing line. ATLANTIC
OCEAN
AGREED BAY OF BISCAYCONTINENTALSHELFBOUNDARY ASCOMPAREDTO ALlNE
DRAWNPERPENDICULARFROM POINT Q TO THE CLOSINGLlNE
The black line begins atthe start of the continentalshelf boQ)and isPoint
aerpendicularto the closingline.TUNISIAILIBYACONTINENTAL SHELFBOUNDARYAS COMPARED
TO THE EQUIDISTANT LINE
The redlinerepresentsthecontinental shelfboundaryasdescribed
in 1.C.J.Reports 1982,p.90, mapNo.3.The black, dashed lineisthe
equidistant line. AVERAGEBOTTOMTEMPERATURES Figure 10
B. Warm season(Juliandays 239 to 308) C. Dillerence belween cold seasonand warm season
A. Cold season(Jullandays29 to 98) botlom lemDeratures
OEGREESCENTIGRADE OEGREESCENTIGRADE
% ABOVE 20.0 ABOVE 15.0
&gg 18.0- 20.0 &@j 12.0- 150
18.0- 18.0 9.0 120
0 6.0- 9.0
a 14.0- 16.0
a 12.0- 14.0 0 3.0- 6.0
0 00 - 3.0
0 100 - 12.0
8.0- 100 -3.0 - 0.0
6.0- 8.0 6.0 - -3.0
IE[I 4.0- 6.0 -9.0 - -6.0
2.0- 4.0 0-120- -9.0
BELOW 2.0 BELOW -12.0 SURFACE TEMPERATUREAND TEMPERATUREGRADIENTS
A.Suriace temperatures - 14 June 1979
.Surface temperatureswith temperature gradients- 14 June 1979 Figure11
B.Temperature gradients - 14 June 1979
OEGREESCENTIGRADE
I BELOW 2.4
0 3.2- 3.7
O 3.7- 4.3
4.3- 5.0
I 5.0- 5.7
1 5.7- 6.3
1 6.3- 7.0
I 7.0- 7.7
7.7- 8.4
0 8.4- 9.1
0 9.6- 10.3 Figure31
APRIL- MAY,1974
1
APRIL- MAY. 1977
0 1-10
0 11-100
0 101-1000
11 1001-10.000
/ 10.001-100.000
Nurnber of Larvae pei 10 Square
Meters of surface Are8
--- Eastern Lirnit of Ssm~ling
DISTRIBUTION OF COD LARVAE SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER. 1973
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER.1974
0 1~10
0 11-100
0 101-1000
1 1001-10.000
1 10,001 -100,000
Nurnbeof Larper 10 square
Meferof SurfArea
DISTRIBUTION OF HERRING LARVAE
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER. I9M)PROCESSESINVOLVEDIN THE FATEOF CRUDEOIL
DISCHARGEDINTO THE MARINEENVIRONMENTSEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1973
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER. 1974I
SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1880
DISTRIBUTIONS OF HERRINGLARVAEOVERLAID
WlTH90 DAYTRAJECTORIES OF OIL DISCHARGED
ON GEORGESBANKAT POINTSX ANDY
ON JULIANDAY213 (c.August1)
r- Top 10 Meters
4 Botfom 10Meters
C] 1-70
11-100
0 101-1000
1001-10.000
/ 10.001-100.000
Number of Larvae 10rSquare
Meters of Surface Area
---
Easlern Limit of SamplingHYDRODYNAMICS AND 01L SPILL FATES COMPUTER MODELS
PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Deiinitioof Study Are - Grid Syswm
Bwndaw Spcificatiola
Opa -Sur(+. El.vniai./Oinsna
Suriri -Wind Stress
ISpatiaI/Tempoiall
Bonom -Friction Factor (Spatial)
TurblllntExehanpaRatsr
IHorizonWllVnieal)
MomntumlMstsrial
F.atur=
/ Tidal, Wind & Dslaitv
lnduced Forcing
Thm Dimelaioml.
Tim Dmsndmt
OlLSPlLL
FATES MODEL
Spieading
Driiting
Erapomtion
Entrainment
subwrfacs Ti.nrp0rt
Sinkinp
Trsabnsnt E*U
ENVIRONMENTAL
PARAMETERS PARAMETERS
SpnidITsmporal Distritutionr
Losatim Wind SpadlDirsctim
TYPO Temperatun IWatai & Air)
Awnt & RN
Stsrt Tims loOh--1-------i- -----1=In-
---
-
en* -
-
=
6
!L 60%-
O
OA
2
= -
"A
1
Y
6-
'A
*os-
r
2
-
20% -
-
0%--------------;------
,840 1841 iM2 1843 leu iü4s r8U iM7 lm 1W 3854 les1 iü52 i%r 1864 i8S 18% IV57 iSS# isrs
VV
UNITED STATES [I1 CANADA
Source: ll~eodExTableliwz IWJ 1sw iods1w 1~7 1w tws rom 1071 1072 107s 1074 107s 197sionn rom tsaoieai
k-1989-1978-4 1
RELATIVE SHARESOF COMBINED UNITED STATESICANADIANTOTAL
CATCH ON GEORGES BANKBY WEIGHT (1940-1981) 1w*---------------
-
80%-
-
x
%-
" &Of -
OA
4
+
"4
2 .
u
.64.
.a
fj 40%-
r
3
-
23% -
-
0%---Ji- ----*---LA ----
1UO 1UI lW2 ?W ?W lS45 ?ME ?M7 ?W ?VU lS30 IO31 1%32 ?SU 4034 lS33 19% iS51 lS3d IS50
UNtTEDSTATEI CANADA VP I
REUTM SHARES OF COMBINE0 UNITEDSTATESlCANAOlAN
SCALLOPCATCHON GEORGES BANK BVWEIGHT (1-1881) SANDWAVE TOPOGRAPHYOF -
NANTUCKET SHOALS AND -
GEORGES BANK -
-
, COMPARISONOF CANADIAN CATCH FROM THE NORTHEASTERN
PORTIONOF GEORGES BANKWiTH TOTAL
CANADIAN CATCH IN THE NORTHWESTATLANTIC
FOR THE YEARS1977-1981 (in rnetrictons)
NORTHEASTERN PORTION
5 YEARAVERAGEBYSPECIES OF GEORGES BANK
2.94% I
r--
GROUNDFISH SEA 0LOBSTER total
3,307,243 SCALLOPS
total 100,340
(m.1.)
ALLSPECIESBYYEAR
1977
910,123 1,051,087 1,145,729 1.115.224 1,126.335
total total total total total
(rn.1.) (rn.1.) (rn.t.) (rn.t.1 (rn.1.)Figure1 LI
Seaward SeawardextensionsofStateA
Extensions n
Perpendiculatr o I
Coastal Frontsin SeawardextensionsoBState
theManner u
Highseas
Depicted inFigure
31,UnitedStates tzrd
Mernoriaa lnd 200-mileiimit
Figure 23,United Note:Whenthelandndary
StatesCounter- cavity.theattributionofjuris-
Mernorial dictiononthebasisofa
perpendicularproofction
attributesseaareastotheally
moredistantState.11, MOROCCO
\ )
LIBYA
i-'
Figure2
TheGulfof Maine
AreaComparedto
theWestern
Mediterranean " - - - -
,.
y.
,:
_,.'
CANADA , :
- .,,% ,
- - - - 3. .. .
.~.--
-- - ,' . -. ,..
.' ,- , . . .
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7' -- --- b.*.
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UNITED STATES -.
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.. ,.. ..
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- .L-'" . . . .
,
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+.
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- ...,f,. *
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UNITED STATES
*
ATLANlrC OCEAN
II_ , -
..
,.. ,. -.
1 . ...
-
" - " - "
~otemeunited states bptb,"M~,m~
mns EEZ ~~~~t~~.~ernorisat~arnat pmm,m"-mm~s
The"Relevant "relwantareaiordetermjnjn9IheAflanficOcean"l9lhhIIIil *~b-,,,=m~,m-mw
Areas"inthe United ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ofc~o~ai-~s~a~te~~uri~sd~~~~tt~t'~~ ~ i ~
StatesCounter- 'hi'""as" fhir "llmir is.InfhisFigure.
Mernorial ESE ,hepeawardtimtofthe united
stater-relevantarea" bas
mwrt,ona$ity test are tatnemelhode"secbythence
= Uni100Slalestodelineme
Areausedfodefem8ne tionalifyferfareaadoptedin
"relevantshare~ofcombbbbd theunit& SlaleoMernorial
-,cheonGeorgesBanrônffttl {~.192,paa 312).
€3
/ire=usedtacomwreunited
menteandresearchinifiativen
inICNAF ..,' 1
L 1
- IRELAND - ' ' , . 1
.. " y. '1 . UNITEDKINGDOM .. C
.- *-___- 1.1 L ,\ ., ,$ 'ù,
-..f
I
. \.
--l..
*:
'\.,..
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i ..
-
ATLANTICOCEAN G\'
&yotBisay r
1
l
I 1.-I .'
, ? , p. . '~ -.. /' /.
LQ. SPAIN
Figure7 B
TheOppositeor Linedetermined by the Court
of Arbitration inthe 1977
Adjacent Relation- Anglo-French Continental
ship ofthe Coasts ShelfAward
Relativeto the l"L'..l
AtlanticRegionin
Zoneof Oppositeness
theAnglo-French Theapplication ofthe mathe-
ContinentalShelf maticalanalysis oftheopposite
or adiacentrelationshio of
Arbitration coasis rel~ ~ ~t~~-~e --aie~-to
Dedelirniteddernonstratesthat
the relat~onshipolthe coasts
ofCornwalland Fin~sterevis-A-
vis the greater art of the area
delimited bvthe Court inthe
Atlantic Reaionis ~redorni- " - - - - - - ..
/' ! m-iD11-DDUNO
NEIW-
MW2 1 i .- .- I'. -
CINIDA > CANMA k, .-
/ '7 --
i .-- c.x r: .w
r'-.I WWE .CF, --
! '- *
, , .- i ... '-L "WArn,,, iri.
MRMI , UNITEDSTATES . . k, rn MUI. D.
.- 0-m.
-. L W . -
.W.
--. .-
WIUIN<~
-
-.
-"- I.
*
-1 1
i /
-
q-
AnA'!T.î CEud -
-
, ,
- . . - - - - . .,
....-
Mathematical
Analysisofthe
AdjacentRelation-
shipofthe Coasts
tobeDelimited,rea
asAppliedtothe
the Constructioof
theCanadianLine /''x.'-..!
Figure9 - ~
TheProportionate ' 1' l
or Disproportionate , CANADA i
Effectsof Particular , Y'' %
Geographical . . 1' UNITEDSTAL\.
Featureson an
Equidistance
Boundary
b
the NewBrunswickcoastn fMIISSI\CHUSETTS
discounting the elfect of l /
NovaScotia I
B
a 1 - C-L.~'.,
Strict equidistanceline /
E / /
theNewBrunswick coastnfrom /
I
A .
Equidistance linedrawnfrom
CapeCod Canaldiscounting
offlying islandspeCodand its /:^L-.?,
D ! CANADA
J''
Strict equidistance line CANADA j l
- 2" i
Equidistanceline drawnfrom J UNITEDSTAG\S NWAYOTIA
CapeCod Canal
landareaofninsular Novae
Scotia (13 177square nautical
itattracts on the basis ofan
(10960squarenauticalmiles)
is 1:O.B.Theratio betweentheACHUSSTTS
Nantucket Island(346square
seaareathey attract onthe the
boundary (2906squarece line / /".-
nauticalmiles) isl :8.4., , (.,. _- ArL*fIrI4):
DePlhl inMeIres /
~a$e-1:10WOmalll.N / ~.
,'/
/'
C CANADA
CANADA
i
J
NOYAXOIIA
M*SSICHUSETTS
d
. .
/
:' /
,/
-, /
. , -Y'
D /
/.y./.., --.
CANADA . - ./: .. . . .,.
-.f,
I mm-
i'
/'. 1 CAWA -~zauo
mm10
The Relevant
FishingCoasts:
GeorgesBankFm,, B ~ote~he percenegeoflotal
cafchfromtheinneraresby
TheRelevant WWtt Lhepe charfrelaletofhed in
I>er,ad1969.1918 valyeShave
FishingCoasts: beencalculaed bYusing1978
ThelnnerArea ~ayof~undywrtn canadianonshore~ricessf
LunenbvrgThesed~Isleflect
fheerfablrhed Iishinglinks
i;i berweentherelwiiCoast%
~~i~~-~ew~arnprhi~~ andfheinnerarea Theinner
areahaabeendelined wrd-
B erencefNAFOaubdivinions
~~~~chusstts-~hodeIIIII~ 4Xland4xq Catchdataare
uoastalwingMrts ,a*entrom oniciai3fattttttttf
canadaand ~heunitedStates. -
CANADA .'..~-
NEW- -. .
1, - :: -.. .
\ =-P..-.. _,'
x.2 \. -- . .~ .,
--
- UNITEDSTATES
- .\\ =
ce-
. .. .
-
. ..
-
....mm
GILF II'X:YE
-.Y . \
.
"
Fw"l2
TheLandBoundaw wwv
Terminust.he,
ExistingMaritime
andtheAgreedrminus
PointofCommence-
ment (PointA)of
the SingleMaritime
Boundary Erneuniteds~atesciaimst4
Nwember 19761PoiAt * " rn - - - r - ., " , " * - -
/ /
/,' /.y;:>.., - -
CANADA ~. 8,:- cl. -
p"/-..." /:
i i i N ewm. ,. ..
$''. ,- CPNADA -~NCE-~DIYIM>
..~ aieeic i' I . .,- .-. ,* *-:. ~-
.,. ,,~.. :.- : eA '
-.g,.- k..] -- .-./-.- .s . ,
9. 4: -.- & -e - - --
- *
-
-
~.
-
-
..,. .~- -4 ,-- O--.-,5.:
. '~- - d .-., --. .. Lx-
,'Y . . . .,', ,' < -:l ,.'.,v ,
:' ,: .' "* e,wa:luunr~a , . '. -_--.,..r
-r-" i .ai--' ~~. .I
-:{ .~, " " ?.. ," - - - - " = Figure15
TheAmerican
Geographical
Society Bathymetric
MapoftheGulfof
MaineArea,1974
BATHYMETRICMAP
Depinmeter?;
AMERiCAN GEOGRAPHICALSOCIETY. 197i saurce:J.Lawrenceand
Fbur.18 t--l R.wTrüsr:"suil~ci !II
Projected rndaytw&oni ~m~moryMWellinfor
Geargeoandamwnsanw
Dispersion ofOil hydqr~phye~OceanR~w~~oI
fromaSpillon IOdofmisîtoW &!ence&No29.1983.
GeorgesBank
O
ma*.Fb"rnl8 -
NACFIIICNAFf
NAFüDividing
Linesandthe
CanadianLine "
NMIBRU*WWID<
WLBEC
CANADA
-19 N0te:Thecwrdinalesde-
rcribingthearearith!"wnicn
Licencesand theunitedstaterautnorized
geOTihWiCa1SuNeylwe,e
Permitslssuedby filedWiththelettero,20iala
Canada andthe Januaw1983fmm theAgent
UnitedStates in oftneunit~ statestothe
nr,ecaeooo, .r,, sylcs ~enistrarafrne~aurt
1965 and 1967on qrODn.lCa "C n CE i-i
theBasis of II.,,"? ."-.Ur.."I i"lW
n,<.rr.,in 896,
Equidistance - MswaRuWcK
CANADA
--
.h
.-- & @
cq-
~. . .~ .-.. .
.- --6 i:
-
M. ma- LIWI... -. - . ..
. ...- .
... .~.~ ~..
r
,
i AIUNTIC XE##
Note:Daumentatmn Denain-
-20 E249onoterthat"wrtion~0I
Licencesand lwodfhelineaedendtofhe
Permits lssuedby T"4Naminafesdescribi"gne':
Caltadaand the theareauitbnMiCh the
United Statesin geol>hys~lnurvey,wre
1969ontheBasisof obtainedhanfhemaferYlo
Equidistance Jan"aryl983lmmthsA~B"t
oftk Unted Stateatothe
hm mafe<ialSobfaihmd
UnitedStatesGmrnment
agents. * " .. - - ..
, I, m,<e~~~#sw~~
l~rwea"~~cr l i-'Li'? ...-.,
OULBEC
CANADA
NrnUMPSHiRE
.--
"
nwn ZI E
The UnitedStates B"'lM
BLM Line E
canadianline m " = - - v - - .. - - -
/ / /
CANADA - *
CANADA
7.' MASNE
-. .-. .
, ,
/ ,....
, r
MRMM ' i ~. -- -.- -. -
i NW j ,,.~f;'* E. - ,."
'? / R E i -- D , .. . , ..
UN+ED STATES ' . -, .*-
rn*"COL , -',L- w
$ 1 W-' -
, -. -- ....
, W"""" -:: . .
,. ,, 8' ,-/. '
, ' ',eu. - .r
; C.MNECT#C". ;Al - ,! ----,-
m. .- ..l
,...*,y ,AL-': 3- .- ..~-,-
.,.:;..& .'/.-'
.< .C --'
1 ' ~- .~ . .r --
.: .. . . .. / ,'..' :.
-.,- ..' .ATMTIC ~EAN
. .-/ G, ,.~^~-
,,;: ',\ *- . i 0 r--. .c-2~
5 ,~-- C.:,,' -.
,,/'
., ,6 .i c- ,,-'
-\ h * ./'"
" " " - " - - " - - -
bxv-23
The KennedyLineFigure25
CorrectedVersion
of Figure1,Annex 4
to the UnitedStates
Counter-Mernorial
CornpanngTotal
Catchesof Canada
and the United
Stateson Georges
Bank, 1964-1981
0
Canadianpercentageofcatch
D
UnitedStatespercentage of
catch
Note:Incalculating itscatches
on GeorgesBank,the United
ICNAFstatisticalunits 5Zeg
and 5Zeo.which aresituated
Westof the GreatSouth
Channeland do not form part
corded scallop catches by
'meat weight" whilerecording
al1other catches by"round
weight".ThisFigurecorrects
using ICNAFstatisticalunits
5Zej.SZern,5Zehand 5Zento
define GeorgesBank,and
roundweight to record
iandings. Corn parisonof
theAverage Annual
ValueofTotal
CatchesbyCanada
andthe United
States onthewhole
ofGeorges Bank,
1964-1981and
1969-1978
Canada United
States
Note:Value isulatedusing
Canadianoiishore~iices
recLunenbura.liyat Relative Importance
ofBasicIndustries
inthe Economies of
NovaScotia,
Massachusetts and
Selected
Industrialized
States
TertiarySector PrirnarSector
SecondarySector BasicIndustry
NOVASCOTIA MASSACHUSETTS FRANCE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OFJAPAN
1980 1980 1978 GERMANY1978 1978 Figu28
Com~arison ofthe
Relatiieimpoitance
ofthe Georges
BankFisheries to
NovaScotiaand
Massachusetts,
1980
NovaScolia hia~~a~hu~ett~
Note:Relativeimoortanceiscalculated bvdividinaincomederivedfrom
Georges~ankl'ishbytotalprovincialorstaieincome.See Repiy
AnnexeS.vol.II.Part1.Appenoix1,Table3.Fmure29
ThePerpendicular
MethodAppliedto
theDepiction of
"thedeepconcavity
that istheGulfof
Maine"inFigure21
ofthe UnitedStates
Counter-Mernorial
M
Perpendicularlines
M
Canadianline
Hypothetical Gulfof Maine
closi-aline
Note Ignoringthe Bayof
depicts the Gulfof Maineasa
sernicircular concavify The
only rneansotapplying the
oeroenaicular rnethod Io a
sernicircuiar concaviiy is by
drawingI nesperpendicular to
tanaentstothe sernic~rcle
Apërpenaicuiar to atangent
Io the sernicircle at PointA
WOUI~ a~l.. . .waters~ .~~in
length oftherties'coast-he
Iines.it.as proposed by the
UnltedStates.a .?-~th~~-~~i
closina lineacrossthe rnouth
ofthe by of Fundywereto be
Substitutealor theactual
Fundvcoastline-igure30
~~uidistance Lines
inDee~Coastal
C--ca~ities T:he
CanadianLinein
theGulfofMaine
Areaand the
Continental Shelf
Boundary inthe
GulfofVenice ITALY
-Figur3i
TheAppropriate-
nessoftheEqui-
distanceMethodin
aCoastal Concavity
Dependsonthe
Conjunction of
Physicaa l nd
PoliticalGeoara~hv
~
flanksofatwo-sided concavity
C
Equidistancelinebetweentwo
boundaryislocatedincor-
nerofatwo-sided concavity
D
hypothetil tatesintheentwo
NorthSeawheretheland
boundaryislocatedinthecor-
nerofthe concavityFigu32 A
Equidistancelinebetweeniwo
Equidistance IS NorthSea(figure31Dturned
A~~ro~riate When onitsside)
theLai-ldBoundary
Terminus Between Coastlineand equidistance
TwoStatesIs linefrommapletAsuper-
Locatedinthe areasedontheGulfofMaine
Cornerofa B
Concavity Canadianline CANADA
CANADA
UNITEOSTATES
MASSACHUSETTS
ATLANTICOCUIN
"Fwun35 B
The Successive :,"'&,&y~;b,~e:&~;e
UnitedStates Lines unnesbte.m.tinenw
inthelnnerArea She"'
Channe,finetatesNOrthe-t
B
198UnitedStates'ad~usted
DerpendicYlarline" 1O0
Figure6 -
Comparisonof 14.9% Construction 12.0%
Employment 90-
Opportunitiesin
the Primaryand -
SecondarySectors
of SouthwestNova
80-
Scotia and Eastern
Massachusetts -
70 -
29.4% Other Manufacturing 86.0%
-
E 60-
m
2.
aO
E
- 50-
-
C -
2U
a 40 -
0.7%
Nova Scotia MassachusettsnDEPICTIONSOFTHE CONTINENTALSHELFDEFINEDASTHE 100-FATHOM-DEPTH
CONTOURFROM1945UNTlLTHE FlRSTUNITEDNATIONSCONFERENCEONTHE
LAWOFTHESEA
A B Figure1
Source:A.L.Shaiowiir. Shoreand Sea Botindarie,, Vo1,1962.
UniteStateMernorial. An3.Val. 1
The 100-fathorn-deplh contouin
the Gulf of Maine andadjacent areaSource: M.\\'. Mouton, The Continental Shclf. 1952 MAP AnACHED 10 TUE Uh TE0 STATES DRIFT CONVENT Oh IFEBRUARY 19481
DEPlCTlhG PROPOSE0 SLBAREA BOUNOARES AND TUE 100 FATUOM DEPTh COhTOUR
AS Th€ LlMll OF TUE CONTINENTAL SUE.F
United States Counter-MernoriFig.19 ,
PROPORTIONALITYTEST APPLIEOTO THE
1976 CANADIAN LlNE OUT TO
THE 1000-FATHOM-DEPTH CONTOUR
BlMPLlFlEOCOASTLlNELENGTHS
"",W 3t.C.. m.".","<
c.wa ii5"."l"l*,m..
TOTALAREAOUTTOTHE10ü1-HTHOM-OEPTHCONTOUR.
LES EXCLUOEOARE*
37w,mm..".",",m,b
DlVlPlONIF DELMlTEDBYTHE 1976 CANADIANLINE:
A T L A N i i C ""M 9"m. ~~o,,~w~."."cu,m,h,
,>c..m".,."."Pu<m,b,
RATIOIF DELIMITE0BYTHE>Pl@CANAOIANLINE:
OCEAN .- FRANCE
1
SPUN
l
The Enslish Channelwould haveto be filled in so as to
create a primarycoast that is comparableto theprimary
coast of the United Statesin the Gulf of Maine area
I I I v ,
i II '
.. ,
,-,>'
j. CANADA ,'
The primary and secondary coasls
facing the Gulf of Maine
It 1
FIGURE 10 OF THE CANADIAN COUNTER.MEMORIAL
MODlFlED TO DEPICTA GEOMETRICALFIGURE
REPRESENTINGA COASTAL CONCAVITY COMPARABLE
TO THE GEOGRAPHYOF THE GULF OF MAINE AREA
Points C, D, and E in Canada's Figure 10create angles of less
pointon the coastln'e at the back of the concavity. Purstont
presented in the Canadian Counter-Memorial,
thenttheoiS,and E are adjacent to points B and X. Figure10
UNITEDSTATES-MEXICO MARITIME BOUNDARYEXTENDINGFROM THE LAND BOUNDARYIN
MIDDLEOF CONCAVITYAS REPRODUCEDFROM FIGURE35AOF THE CANADIAN COUNTER-MEMORIAL SUCCESSIVEREPRESENTATIONOF BATHYMETRIC(DEPTH) CONTOURSDEPICTEDIN FIGURE3 OF THE CANADIAN COUNTER-MEMORIAL
O
*. ,
... . ' MAPA
/ shows 1,000-meter-depth
CANADA CANADA CANADA contour.
MAP B
Shows 1,000and 300-meter-depth
1contours.
MAP C
shows 1.000, 300, and 240-meter-
*ipG
depth contours.
MAP D
Shows 1,000,300, 240,
andZOO-meter-depth
' ATLANTIC .--. ' ATLANTIC
- ..~. ,-- OCEAN contours.
OCEAN ..
MAP E
. Shows 1,000,300, 240,
200,and 100-meter-depth
contours.
MAP F
Shows 1,000, 300,240.
200, 100,and BO-meter-depth
contours.
CANADA GEORGEBANK
HERRING TAGGING
STUDIES
40. 40-
I1 68. 66' 64' 62'
Herrii:~ rogging srodies. showmovemenrjrotheBoyof Fundy
rhroughourihe Gulfofnreandbeyond.
l
Sovrrc RedrowWf7 Scobo
CANADIANCOUNTER-MEMORIAL, ANNEXES,VOL. 1,FIG. 53
I
CANAD~ANFIGURE53 WITH NUMBERSADDEDTO REFLECTTHE
NUMBEROF HERRING RECAPTURES REPRESENTED BY EACHARROW
@ AND BYTHE BAND ALONGTHE COASTOF NOVA SCOTIA "Canadian offshore lobster fishing areas. Dots indicate fishing
location based on fishermen's lo1973-79."
CANADIANOFFSHORELOBSTERFlSHlNG AREASAS
ACTUALLYDRAWN BYCANADIANSCIENTISTSSTASKOAND PYE
Source:Staskoand Pye, p. 10, Fig. 2. ! Figure4
"Commercial catchletfort in kg per trap haul per vea1979. followed
in brackets by catch in MT. fox 30'areas. Catches. for which location
is not knownareaxcluded. Also excluded are data with lessMThper1
yearpar30' x 30' area. Sequence of numbers within each rectangle is 1973
at top to 1979 at bottom. Concentrations of commercial fishing effort are
~."[Emphasis added.1
CONCENTRATIONSOF COMMERCIAL .ISHING EFFORT
ASACTUALLYDRAWN BY CANADIANSClENTlSTSSTASKOAND PYE
Source:Staskoand Pye, p. 1,Fig. 3. [Theshadedareashave beendarkenedin this reproduction
for easeof identification.] "Map of release and recapture points with straight-line distances traveled for
al1tagged lobsters recaptur2d74.1 km from the Port Maitland fishing area
(1944-811. One lobner ceught at location of each asterisk unless otherwise
shown."iErnphesis added.1
RECAPTUREPOINTS FOR30 TAGGED LOBSTEROUT OF
MORETHAN 14,000 LOBSTER RECAPTURED
Source:Campbell, 1982.p. 5, Fi. 6. GEOGRAPHICDISTRIBUTIONOF HERMITCRAB
PAGURUSACADIANUS
Source: Williamsand Wigley, 19p.30
1Temperature
("Cl
31 32 33
Salinity
TEMPERATURE-SACINITYRECATIONSHIPFORTHE
GEORGES BANKAND SCOTIANSHELF WATERMASSES
Source:DerivedfrornCanadianCounter-Mern. nnexes.Vol. 1.Fig. 13. Figure2
MODIFICATIONOF CANADIANFIGURE14 SHOWINGSEA-SURFACETEMPERATUREPATTERNS
FOR SELECTEDWATERSOF THE SOUTHWESTERN SCOTIANSHELF,THE GULFOF MAINE BASIN,AND GEORGESBANK esi 68'
1 1 . . , 1 , , < > , 1 . i < . . , . ,"P,
UNITED STATESSEA SCALLOP LANDINGS - 1981 UNITED STATESSEA SCALLOP LANDINGS -
YEARLYAVERAGE FOR 1957-1962
LANDINGS (MEAT WElGHTl PER 10' SQUARE PER YEAR
450.000 to 1.000.00LES 1204,545 to 454.5KG) Figure 2
Oto 150.000 LES (O to 68.1 8KG, above1.000.000LES labove 454.545KG1
O
150.000to 250.000 LES (68.182ta 113.636KG] This scale is designed so that the sum of the landings in al1
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- " - " . - - - - - " - - -%BED GRADIENTS - THE RATEOF DESCENT Suriace temperatures with temperature gradients - 14 June 1979
DEGREESCENTIGRADE
BELOW 2.4
0 2.4- 3.2
0 3.2- 3.7
,--J 3.7- 4.3
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O ABOVEN.5Portionol UnitedStates Counler-Mernorial,Vol. 1,Annex1,Figu38
DISTRIBUTIONOF HADDOCK LARVAE
0 7-10
C] 11-100
[7 101-1000
Numbsr of Larvae per 10 Square
MeterofSurfacAres
-- Eastern LidiSampling Tic.50. The biouc pmvinm of pan of Nonb Amcria. (AfterDice, r~s. by pamir-
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UnitedStates
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31 ofthe United
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Comparedtothe
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theCoast as
Dexribed in
Paragraphs150 to
152and564 to 566
oftheCanadian
Counter-MemorialADun 112
The1982 United
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Wun 149
TheUnitedStates
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LoMer of thect the
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(United States
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Composite Map
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Lines Shot Under
: DigiconGroup
Surveys: 1969-1975
=
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E
Companyequidistanceline
E3
UnitedStatespermitsE2-69
and EC70
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1 600 linesshot pumant to
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pursuantto UnitedStates
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Dl00 linesshot pursuantto
UnitedStates permitE3-75Figure 166
TheStatistical
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Concentrationsof
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A
Spawningconcentrations
ofwd
Proceeding~Figure77Oral
~pawningconcentrations
ofhaddock
Source:UnitedStatesOral
Proceeding~Figure77
Concentrationsofscallops
Source:New Englandand
SouthAtlanticFishery
ManagementCouncilsFinal
EnvironmentaIlmpact
Statementfor Fishery
ManagementPlanfor
Scallop~January1982 ..
CANADA .-- -
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CanadianPropor-
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Coastallengths
Canada 250% NM
UnitedStates 369 NM
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UnitedStates63657 SNM
Ratio 41:59,,~b"...-"..-..- ". ...-...............................................................
BV WEIGHT' (1868-10821 FOR STATlSTlCAL UNlTS 1522,523,524 AND 5251AREA OF ATLANTIC OCEAN COVERED BY APPLICATION FOR PERMIT E1-65
(Reproduced from Application)(ReproducedfromApplication) ,,,
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* PROPOSED BYTHEUNITED STATES IN l976OUTlNE -
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65.58YIY.mn."l,C.lm,,.<l
DIVISION IFOELlMlTEDBY THE 1976UNlTEDSTATES
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A T L A N T I C CinadiISl:i4,liosguinn.uiiiilmilar
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STATEA STATE B ... ..., . ./....
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:
OFTHE COAST(1bV)ATTHE POINTON THE
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THE DISTANCE FROMNANTUCKETTO CAPE
SABLEOUT TOTHE200-NAUTICAL-MILE LIMIT
SlMPLlFlUnil.dSti~iTYniu!cilmil~i
cSn8e8 >rnnaut#m<rnm8-
RATIO OF COASTLINE LENGTHS:
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TOTALAREAOUTTOTHEZOO-NAUTICAL-MIIELIMIT.
LESS EX61.ZI0..Ull,".Yl,mm,i.IREA:
THREE-FOURTHSPOINTONTHEGULFOFMAINEINEATTHE
CLOSlNG LINE:
CanadaS,: I~,,lOm"aranarnilii
'c 4 T I A N i I C THREE-FOURTHS POINT ON THE GULF OF MAINE
- %"-; CLOSING LINE: -
O C E A N unilldslamr7l
?J I,... Cinie. 21 ,.,.,hom.
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Table of Maps, Charts and Illustrations (Volume VIII)