Request for Advisory Opinion (including the dossier of documents transmitted to the Court pursuant to article 65, paragraph 2 of the Statute)

Document Number
024-19541206-REQ-1-00-EN
Document Type
Date of the Document
Document File
Bilingual Document File

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

PLEADINGS,ORALARGUMENTDOCUMENTS

-

VOI'INGPROCEDURE ON QUESTIONS
RELATINGTOREPORTS AND PETITIONS
CONCERNING

THETERRITORY OF SOUTH-WEST AFRICA
(ADVISORYOPINIONOF TH,1955)

COURINTERNATIONALEDE JUSTICE

MÉMOIRES,PLAIDOIRIESETDOCUMENTS

PROCÉDURE DE VOTEAPPLICABLE AUX

QUESTIONS TOUCHANT LESRAPPORTS
ETPÉTITIONSR.ELATIFSAU TERRITOIRE
DU SUD-OUESTAFRICAIN

(AVIS CONSULTATIFDU 7JUIN 195s)VOTING PROCEDURE ON QUESTIONS RELATING

TO REPORTS AND PETITIOXS COXCERXING
THE TERRITORY OF SOUTH-WEST AFRICA

PROCEDURE DE VOTE APPLICABLE AUX
QUESTIONS TOUCHANT LES RAPPORTS ET
PETITIOSS RELATIFS AU TERRITOIRE
DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIXPLEADINGS, ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUhfENTS

VOTING PROCEDURE ON QUESTIONS
RELATING TO REPORTSAND PETITIONS
CONCERNING THE TERRITORY OF

SOUTH-WESTAFRICA COUR INTERNATIONALEDE JUSTICE

PROCEDUR DE VOTE APPLICABLEAUX
QUESTIONS TOUCHANT LES RAPPORTS
ET PÉTITIONSRELATIFSAU TERRITOIRE
DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN PART 1

REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION
AND WRITTEN PROCEEDINGS

PREMIÈRE PARTIE

REQUÊTE POUR AVIS CONSULTATIF
ET PIÈCES DE LA PROCÉDURE ÉCRITE8

SECTION A.-REQUEST FOR ADVISORY

OPINION

1.-THE SECIRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS
TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF
JUSTICE

New York, 2 December 1954.

Sir,
1 have the honour to inform you that the General Assembly
of the United Nations, by a resolution adopted at its1st plenary
meeting held on 23 November 1954 in connexion with its consider-
ation of the question of South-West Africa, decided to request
the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on

the following questions:
(a) 1s the following rule on the voting procedure to be followed
by the General Assembly a correct interpretation of the
Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
II July 1950 :

"Decisions of the General Asseinbly on questions relating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions
\vithiri the meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2, of the
Charter of the United Xations." ?
(b) If this interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of the Court
is not c:orrect, what voting procedure should be followed
by the General Assernbly in taking decisioiis on questions

relating to reports and petitions coriccrriing the Territory
of South-West Africa ?
One copy e:ich of the English and French texts of the afore-
mentioned resolution of the General Assembly, both duly certified,
are herein enclosed.

In accordan(:e with Article 6j of the Statute of the International
Court of Justice,shall transmit to the Court al1documents likely
to throw light upon the question, including the relevant records
of proceedingc. of the General Assembly as soon as the officia1

records are available.
Accept, Sir, the renewed assurances of my highest consideration.

(Signed) DAGHABI\IARSKJOLD,
Secretary-General.
-9 REQIIEST FOR ADVISORY OPlSlOS (2 XII 54)

II.-RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL
ASSERIi3L.YAT ITS 501s~ PLENARY MEETING ON

23 NOVEMBER 1954
[ADOITED \VITHOUT REFERENCE TO A COMMITTEE l (A/L.I~S)]

The GetzeralAssembly,
Hauing accepted,by resolution &g A (V) of 13 December 1950,
the Advisory Opinion of the Internationalcourt ofJusticeof II July
1950 nith respect to South-\Vest Africa,

Hauirigregard,in particzilar,tothe Court's opinion on the general
question, namely, "that South-West Africa is a temtory under
the international Mandate assumed by the Union of South Africa
on 17 Decemher ~gzo", and to the Court's opinion on question
(a), iiamely, "that the Union of South Africa continues to have
the international obligations stated in Article zz of the Covenant

of thc League of Nations and in the Mandate for South-West
Africa as wcll as the obligation to transmit petitions from the
inhabitants of that Territory, the supervisory functions to be exer-
cised by the Giiited Nations, to which the annual reports and the
petitions are to be submitted, and the reference to the Permanent
Court of International Justice to be replaced by a reference to
the International Court of Justice, in accordance with Article 7
of the Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of the Court ;",

Haui~igexprzssed, in resolution 749 A (VIII) of 28 November
1953, its opinion "that without United Nations supervision the
inhabitants of the Territory are deprivecl of the international
supervision envisaged by the Covenûnt of the League of Nations"
and its belief "that it would not fulfil its obligation towards the

inhabitants of South-West Africa if it were not to assume the
supervisory resl~onsibilities with regard to the Territory of South-
West Africa which were formerly exercised by the League of
Nations",
Having rega~d to the opinion of the International Court of
Justice that "the degree of supervision to be exercised by the

General .4ssembly should not ....exceed that which applied under
the btandates System, and should conform as far as possible to
the procedure follo\lredin this respect by the Council of the League
of Xations" and that "these observations are particularly applic-
able to annual reports and petitioiis",
Hauing adopted, by resolution 844 (IX) of II October 19542,
a special rule F'on the voting procedure to be followed by the

' Aclopteddiirinthe discussion in plenary meetinpart IIoftlie reporof
the FourtliCoinniitteeon the questionof Soutli-\\'eAfrica(,+/?747/:\dd.t).

' Scc :\/R~sorurios/.oi.IO HEQUEST FOR ADVISOKY OPISION (2 XII 54)
General Assenibly in taking decisions on questions relating to

reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-West
Ainca,
Ha~~ina gdofitedthis rule in a desire "to apply, as far as possible,
and pending the conclusion of an agreement between the United
Nations and the Union of South Africa, the procedure followed in
that respect b!i the Council of the League of Nations".

Considering that some elucidation of the advisory opinion is
desirable,

Reqi~eslsthe International Court of Justice to give an advisory
opinion on the following questions :
(a) 1s the following mle on the voting procedure to be foliolved
by the General Assembly a correct interpretation of the

Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
11 July 1950:
"Dei:isions of the General Assembly on questions relating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as importrnt questions
withiri the meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2, of the
Charter of the United Nations." ?

(b) If this interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of the Court
is not correct, what voting procedure should be followed by
the Gent:ral Assembly in taking decisions on questions
relating IO reports and petitions concerning the Territory
of South-\\'est .4frica?

Certified triic copy :

(Siglted) C. A. ST.IVROPOULOS,
Principal Director in charge
of the Lcgal 1)epartmerit.II

SECTION B.-DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY THE

SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED

NATIONS (ART. 6j, PARA. 2, OF THE STATUTE)

:PART 1.-INTRODUCTORY NOTE

1

1. On 2 Decemher 1954, the Secretary-General informed the
President of the International Court of Justice that, by a resolution
adopted at its 5oxst plenary meeting held on 23 November 1954.
the General Aijsembly decided to request the International Court
ofJustice to give an advisory opinionregarding the voting procedure
on questions relating to reports and petitions concerning theTeki-
tory of South'iVest Africa.

2. The full text of GeneralAssembly resolution go4 (IX) contain-
ing the request, is as follows:

"The GeaeralAssembly,
Hauing irccepted,by resolution 449A (1')of 13 December 1950,
the Advisos. Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
II July 1950 with respect to South-West Africa,
Having regard, iiz parlicidar, to the Court's opinion on the
general question, namely, 'that South-West Africa is a territory
Africa on IDecember 17th. 1920', and to the Court's opinion on
question (a), namely, 'that the Union of South Africa continues
to have the international obligations stated in Articlezz of the
Covenant of the League of Nations and in the Mandate for South-
West Africa as well as the obligation to transmit petitions from
the inhabitants of that Territory, the supervisory functions to
be exercised by the United Nations. to which the annual reports
and the petitions are to be submitted, and the reference to the
Permanent Court of International Justice to be replaced by a
reference to the International Court of Justice. in accordance
with Article 7 of the Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of
the Court',
Having cxpressed, in resolution 749 A (VIII) of 28 November
l9j3, its opinion 'that without United Nations supervision the
inhabitants of the Territory are deprived of the international
supervision envisaged by the Covenant of the League of Nations'
inhabitants of South-West Africa if it were not to assumeowarthethe
supervisory responsibilities with regard to the Territory of South-
West Africa which were formerly esercised by the League of
Sations',
Having i,egard to the opinion of the International Court of
Justice that 'the degree of supervision to be esercised by the12 DOSSIER 'TRASS>IITTED BY SECRETARY-CEh'ERA OLF U.K.

General Asjemblv should not .... exceed that which aoolied..nder
tlie .\landatei Sybtçm. :iiiislioiild coiiform as far :is possible to
the procediire folloived iiithis respect hy the Couricilof tlie I.zngue
of Nations' and tlint'these ohser\~:itionsrire ~articular,v ..n~lical~lt.
to annual reports and petitions',
Hauing adopted, by resolution 844 (IX) of II October 1954,
a special rule F on tlie voting procedure to be followed by the
General Assembly in taking decisions on questions relating to
reports and petitions concerning the Territory of Soutli-\\'est
Africa,
Having adoptedthis rule in a desire 'to apply, as far as possible,
and pending the conclusion of an agreement between the United
Nations and the Union of South Africa, tlie procedure followed
in that respect by the Council of the League of Nations',
Considering that some elucidation of the advisory opinion is
desirable,
Requesls the International Court of Justice to give an adrisory
opinion on the following questions :
following rule on the voting procedure to be
followed bv the General Assembly a correct interpretation

of the Ad;sory Opinion of the International Court of Justice
of II July 1950 :
'Decisions of the General Assembly on questionsrelating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
\\:est Africa shall be regarded as important questions
wirhin the meaning of Article 18,paragraph 2, of the
Charter of the United Nations.'?
(b) If this interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of the
Court is not correct, what roting procedure should be followed
by the General .Assembly in taking decisions on questions
relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of
South-West Africa ?"

3. The present dossier contains the documents likely, in the
o~inion of -h~~ ~cretarv-G2ne~ ~. to throw lie-t uoon the uuestions
upon which an opinion is requested. These documents have becn
certified to be Final official records of the United Nations or true
copies therefroni and are transmittcd to the Court by the Secretary-

General of the United Nations in accordance with Article 65 of the
Statute of the Court.
4. Each document or extract therefrom is identified by title and,

where applicabl,:, official United Nations symbol. Wherever possible,
a citation is also given to the \,olurne and page where the document
may be found in the official records of the United Nations. In addi-
tion to the official identification, the documents. for convenience
in use, have been numbered consecutively in the order in which
thev anvear in the dossier1. A comulete list of the documents mav
be fouii in the table of contents.

1 Referenccç to documeiitsiiithis lntroductorySote are ùased on this systein
of numbering.13 DOSSIER TRAXSAllTTED BY SECRETARP-GEKERAL OF U.N.

j. The dossierconsists of nine sectionswhich contain, respectively,
relevant extracts :rom :
1. Recoins of the General Assemhly, Fifth Session, 1950.

II. Records of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Afnca.
'951.
III. Records of the General Assembly, Sixth Session, 1951-1952.

IV. Records of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa,
'952.
V. Records of the General Assembly, Seventh Session, 1952.

VI. Records of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa,
1953.
VII. Records of the General Assembly, Eighth Session, 1953.

VIII. Records of the Committee on South-West Africa, 1954.
IX. Records of the General Assembly, Ninth Session, 1954.

6. Part II of this Introductory Note surveys the documentation
included in the dossier relating to the action taken by the General
Assembly and its subsidiary bodies with respect to the question of
South-West Africa since the Assembly's fifth session in 1950.
Part III refers in greater detail to the documentation bearing on
the discussions and decisions taken by the General Assembly and
its cornmittees on South-West Africa since 1950. with respect to

the question oi-'the voting procedure to be applied by the General
Assembly in considering reports and petitions concerning the Terri-
tory of South-West Africa.

II

7. Acting in pursuance of a request from the General Assembly
contained in resolution 338 (IV) of 6 December 1949, the Inter-
national Court ofJusticegave, on II July 1950.its Advisory Opinion
on the 1nterna.tional Status of South-West Africa. In connexion
with the Asseinbly's request, the Secretary-General transmitted
to the Court extensive documentation relating to the setting up
and the functioning of the Mandates System of the League of
Nations, the esrablishment of the International Tmsteeship System
at the United Nations Conference on International Organization
held in San Francisco in 1945. and the deliherations of United
Nations organs on the question of South-West Africa, up to and
including the fourth regular session of the General Assembly.

8. In an oral statement made at the public sittings of the Court,
of 16 and 17 hIay 1950 (1.C. J. Pleadings, International Status14 DOSSIER TIIANSAIITTED BY SECKETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

of South-West Africa, pp. 160-z38), the representative of the Secre-
tary-General outlined the ~rigin and the development of the
question of South-West Afnca before ;!le organs of the United

Nations. He analysed some of the legal issues raised by the General
Assembly's request for an advisory opinion, in the light, particu-
larly, of the international status of the Territory of South-West
Africa prior to the dissolution of the League of Nations, the obliga-
tions of the mandatory Powers under the League's Mandates
System and the dissolution of the League. He also commented on
the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and
on the question of the competence to determine and modify the
international status of the Territory.

9. The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
II July 1950 \vas accepted by the General Assembly by resolution
449 A (V) of 13 December 1950 (document number II). By the
same resolution the General Assembly urged the Government of
the Union of South Africa to take the necessary steps to give effect
to the Court's opinion, "incliiding the transmission of reports on

the administration of the Temtory of South-West Africa and of
petitions from communities or sections of the population of the
Temtory", and established an Ad Hoc Committee on South-
West Africa, comprising five Members of the United Nations, to
confer with the Union of South Africa concerning the procedural
measures necessary for implementing the advisory opinion. The
Ad Hoc Committee was authorized "as an interim measure, pending
the completion of its task ....and as far as possible in accordance
with the procedure of the former Mandates System, to examine
the report on the administration of the Territory of South-West

Africa coverinl; the period since the last report,as well as petitions
and any other matters relating to the Territory that may be trans-
mitted to the Secretary-General, and to submit a report thereon
to the ...General Assembly" l.
IO. Section 1of the dossier contains documents (including reports.

records of disci~ssions,proposals and decisions) of the fifth session
of the General Assembly which relate to the adoption of resolution
449 (W.
II. During the period between the adoption of resolution 449
(V) and the opening of the sixth session of the General Assembly.

the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa discussed with repre-
' In another part of the resol(449B (V)). the General Assembly reiterated
ils previous resolutians relating to the placing of the Territory of South-West
Afriea under the International Trusteeship System and stated "that the normal
way ofmodifying the international statur of the Temitory \vould be to place it
under the Trusteeship System by means of a Trusteeship Agreement in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter Xll of the Charter" Sirnilarprovisions were adopted
ofyits regular sessionstoand including the ninth session.t Africa at each15 DOSSIER TRANS31ITïED BY SECRETARY-GEXERAL OF U.X.
sentatives of the Union of South Africa varions aspects of the
procedural nieasures necessary for implementing the advisory
opinion of the International Court of Justice. A proposal of the
Government of the Union was found unacceptable by the Ad Hoc

Committee because it did not allow for the full implementation of
the advisory opinion which had becn accepted by the General
Assembly, tht: South African proposal containing, in particular, no
provision for the supervision of the administration of the Territory
of South-West Africa by the United Nations. A counter-proposa1
of the Ad Hoc Committee was not accepted by the Union of South
Africa as a basis of further discussion as, in the opinion of the
Government of the Union, it would have inter aliathe effect of
imposing on the Union obligations even more extensive than those
implicit in the Mandates System (document number 16, pp. z and
following). The Government of the Union stated in particular
that in the circumstances it was unable to accept the principle of

submission of reports to the United Nations on theadministration
of the Territory (document 15).
xz. The report of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa
to the sixth session of the General Assembly and the summary

records of several of the meetings of the Committee are contained
in Section II of the dossier.
13. By resolution 570 (VI) adopted by the General Assembly on
xg January 1952 (document number 17). the Assembly inter alia
reconstituted the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa until

the following session with terms of reference similar to its previous
ones '. The Assembly solemnly appealed to the Government of
South Africa 1.reconsider its position and urged it to resume nego-
tiations with the Ad Hoc Committee for the purpose of concluding
an agreement providing for the full implementation of the advisory
opinion of the International Court of Justice, and to submit to the
United Nations reports on the administration of the Territory of
South-West Africa and petitions from communities or sections of
the population of the Temtory. The Assembly also declared that.
since the Govi:rnment of the Union of South Africa could not avoid
its international obligations by unilateral action, the United
Nations could not recognize as valid any measures taken unilater-
ally by the Union which would modify the international status of

the Territory of South-iVest Africa.

14. Section III of the dossier contains the report of the Fourth
Comniittee to the General Assembly on the consideration of this

item and the text of resolution 570 (VI).
The representative ofthe Covernment af tlic Union of South Africa cxpressed
latcr the opinion that tlie terms of refçrence gave to the Coangreater
Intitiide than previo(see<locuineNo. 32.page j.paragrap!~ rj).16 DOSSlEK TKANS>lITTED BY SECKETARY-GENEK OAL U.X.

15. Ptirsuarit to resolution 570 (VI), the Ad Hoc Committee
continued, in the course of952, to confer with the Government of
the Union of South Africa on the means of implementing the advis-
ory opinion of the Intemational Court of Justice. While the con-
sultationsrevealed that there was agreement on Mme points, the
Committee reported to the General Assembly that the consulta-
tions had not been conclusive and that the fundamental diver-
gences that precluded an agreement in 1951 stiu remained un-
resolved (document number 19).

16. The General Assembly at its seventh session, by resolution
651 (VII), decided to postpone the consideration of the question
until the eighi:h session, and requested the Hoc Cornmittee to
continue its activities on the same basis as before (document
number 20).

17.Sections IV and V of the dossier contain the report of the
Ad Hoc Comniittee and the summary record of its 30th meeting as
weli as the telt of resolutio651 (VII) of the General Assembly.

18.In its n:port to the ei~hth session of the Geiieral Assembly
(document nuinber 22).th<.:ïd Hoc Coinmittee rufcrretl tu furtliek

~(~nsiiltatioiiswliitIiild \rith the rei)rcsciitariv<: of th(: G»\.erii-
ment of the Union, without progress having been achieved. The
Govemrnent of the Union indicated that it had not accepted
the opinion of the Court, which wasmerely advisory, and took the
position, in particular, that it \vas impossible to devise any arrange-
ment whereby the Govemment of the Union of South Afr~ca
would be accountable to the United Nations for its administration
of S0uth-\4~est Africa without extendingits obligations. The Ad
Hoc Committee stated that it had to abide by its terms of reference
and seek mearis of implementing the Court's opinion, withivhich
the proposals made by the Union Government were inconsistent.

19.The report of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-\t'est Africa
ta the eighth session of the General Assembly, as well as the siim-
mary records of its 38th meeting, are contained in Section VI of the
dossier.
20.In the light of the reports which the Ad Hoc Committee
submitted to it in9j1and 1952 ,he General Assembly adopted at
its eighth session a resolution which initiated a somewhat different

approach to the question. Expressing in resolution 749 (VIII)
(document nurnber 33) its deep regret at the continuing refusal of
the Governmeiit of the Union to assist in the implementation of
the advisory opinion of the InternationalCourt of Justice, the
Assembly recalled and reaffirmed the conclusion of the Court that
the Temtory ofSouth-West Africa \vas a territory under intema-
tional Mandate and that, consequently, the Union of South Africa DOSSIER TRASSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GESERAL OF U.K.
17
continued to have certain international obligations resulting from
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and from the
Mandate, the supervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations, to \srhichannual reports and petitions were to be submitted.

21. The new approach was based on the consideration that
without United Nations supervision the inhabitants of the Territory
were deprivecl of the international supervision envisaged by the
Covenant of the League of Nations and the belief that the Assem-
bly would not fulfil its obligations towards them if it were not ta
assume the s~pervisory responsibilities which were formerly eser-
cised by the League of Nations. Therefore the Assembly established
"until such time as an agreement is reached between the United

Nations and the Union of South Afnca" a new Committee on
South-West Africa consisting of seven members, and requested it :

"(a) To examine, within the scopeof the Questionnaire adopted
by the Permanent Mandates Commissionof the League of Nations
in 1926s,uch information and docunientation as may be available
in respect of the Territory of South-West Africa ;
(b) Toexamine, as far as possiblein accordancewith the procedure
of the fornier Mandates System, reports and petitions which may
be suhmitted to the Committee or to the Secretary-General:

(c) To transmit to the General Assembly a report concerning
conditions in the Territorytaking into account, as far as possible,
the scope of the reports of the Permanent Mandates Commission
of the League of Nations :
(d) To prepare, forthe consideration of the General Assembly, a
procedure for the examination of reports and petitions which
should conform as far as possible to the procedure followed in
this respect by the Assembly, the Council and the Permanent
Mandates Commissionof the League of Nations."

22. By the sarne resolution, the Cornmittee on South-West
Africa was alsc, authorized to continue negotiations with the Union
of South Africa in order to implement fully the advisory opinion of
the International Court of Justice. Once more, the General Assem-
bly solemnly appealed to the Government of the Union to recon-
sider its position and to continue negotiations with the new Corn-
mittee, for the purpose of concluding an agreement providing for
the full implementation of the advisory opinion. The negotiations
were to be undertaken in accordance with certain principles, inter
alia, that (a) the supervision of the administration of South-\Vest
Africa. though it should not exceed that \\,hich applied under the
Mandates System, should be exercised by the United Xations ;
(b) the Union Government should assume its obligations to the
United Nations and not, as proposed by the Union Government, to

the three Powers (Fiance, the United Kingdom and the United
States of America) as principals.18 DOSSIER TKANS>IlTTED BY SECKETAKY-GENEHAL OF U.N.
23. Documents of the eighth session of the General Assembly
containing records of some of the relevant meetings, the report of
the Fourth Committee, draft resolutions and the test of resolution

749 (VIII) are contained in Section VI1 of the dossier.
24. In its ri:port to the ninth session of the General Assembly
(documents niimbers 42 and 43) the Committee on South-West

Africa described the manner in which it had fulfilled the functions
entrusted to it by resolution 749 (VIII). Negotiations with the
Government of the Union of South Africa had not been resumed, as,
in reply to an invitation by the Committee to that Government to
designate a representative to confer with it, the Government of the
Union had recalled its eadier standpoint to the effect, in particular,
that (a) the Mandate with respect to South-West Africa had lapsed
but that, in order to find a solution which wouldremove this ques-
tion from the United Nations, it was prepared to enter into an
arrangement urith the three remaining principal Alliedor Associated
Powers, and that (b) the Union Government's responsibilities in
regard to South-West Africa should not in any way exceed those
which it assun~ed under the Mandate. Having pointed out that,
despite lengthy discussions, it had not been possible to reach

agreement, the Government of the Union had indicated that it
was not prepared to consider proposals uthich did not meet its
basic requirements.

25. The Committee oii South-West Africa further informed the
General Assembly that it had adopted provisional rules of proce-
dure for the purpose of examining reports and petitions relating to
the Territory of South-West Africa, and that in drawing up these
mles it had adliered as closely as possible to the mles of procedure
of the Permanent Mandates Commissionof the League of Nations.
Certain alternative procedures were incorporated in the rules to
enable the Committee to discharge its responsibilities under resolu-
tion 749 (VIII) in the event that the Union Government should
refuse to transmit annual reports or petitions with respect to
South-West Africa.

26. As requested under sub-paragraph (d) of paragraph 12 of
resolution 749 (\'III), the Committee also prepared forthe consider-
ation of the General Assembly mles of procedure to govern the
consideration by the Assembly of reports and petitions relating to
South-West Africa. The Committee adopted two resolutioiis on this
subject. The first resolution contained the test of draft rules of
procedure with regard to reports. petitions, and on privncy of
meetings. With respect to voting procedure. it \%-asproposed that,

subject to the conciirring vote of the Union of South Africa as the
State most directly concerned, the follomiiig "special rule F be
adopted : "Decisions of the General Assembly on questions relating19 UOSSlEK î'KASS411TTED BY SECHETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

to reports and petitions conceming the Temtory of South-West
Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the meaning
of Article 18,paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations."
In the second resolution, the Committee on South-West Africa
noted that special mle F involved a question of interpretation of
the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, and

expressed the opinion that the General Assembly shonld not adopt
this mle without the concurring vote of the Union of South Afnca
as the Member State most directly concemed. It recommended
therefore to the Generai Assembly that, if special mle F should be
approved by the required majonty of the General Assembly, but
without the concumng vote of the Union of South Africa, the
General Assembly should submit to the International Court of
Justice for an advisory opinion the questions whether the Assembly
was correctly iiiterpreting the opinion of the International Court of
Justice by adopting a de on voting procedure which would read

as did special rule F, and if this interpretation of the Court's
opinion should not he correct, what voting procedure should be
applied.
27. Documeiits in Section VI11 of the dossier contain the report
of the Committee on South-West Africa to the ninth session of the

General Assembly as well as the records of several of the meetings
of the Committee and certain of its working papers, including
those bearing on the question of voting procedure to be adopted
by the General Assembly.
28. At its ninth session the General Assembly adopted three *

resolutions relating to South-West Africa. By resolution 844 (IX)
it adopted in a. slightly amended form the special rules proposed
by the Committee on South-West Africa with respect to the proce-
dure with regaird to reports, to petitions, the privacy of meetings
and special rule F relating to the voting procedure. By resolution
852(IX) it reiterated its previous resolutions relating to the placing
of the Territory of South-West Africa under the International
Tmsteeship System. Resolution go4(IX) contains the request for
an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice. The
proceedings at the ninth session of the General Assembly as they
relate especially to the question of the voting procedure to be

applied by the General Assembly in considering reports and peti-
tions concemirig the Territory of South-West Africa are descrihed
in greater detail in Part III of this Introductory Note.

29. Section 1X of the dossier contains the records of al1 the
meetings of the Fourth Committee and of plenary meetings of the

ninth session of the General Assembly relating to the question of
South-West Africa, as well as the reports of the Fourth Committee,
Kolcby the R2girlrarSeep. 38, para1.20 DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY SECKETARY-GEKER OFL U.N.
the texts of the vanous proposals and amendments, certain other
documents, and the texts of the resolutions adopted by the General

Assembly.

III

30. The Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Afnca, established
by General Assembly resolution 449 (V) and reconstituted by
resolutions 570 (VI) and 651 (VII), and representatives of the
Union of South Afnca held vanous exchanges of views, both orally
and in writing, between 22 June 1951 and 7 October 1953. An
account of these negotiations is contained in the reports of the
Committee (documents numbers 15,19 and 22) and in the summary
records of itsmeetings.

31. During these negotiations, representatives of the Union of
South Africa niade reference, on several occasions, to the question
of the voting procedure. They maintained that, as the unanimity
mle which had applied in both the Council and the Assembly of
the League would not apply in the United Nations General Assem-
bly, should the Union Government accept the principle of United
Nations supervision, its obligations would beoreonerous than they
had been under the League. The Union Government was unable,

therefore, to conclude an agreement with the United Nations because
it felt that its comrnitments would inevitably be increased thereby
(documents numbers 12,p. IO ;13, p.4 ;14, p.7 ; 18,p.4 ; 21).

32. In an exchange of letters between the Chairman of the
Committee on South-West Africa established by resolution 749

(VIII) and the Minister of External Affairs of the Union of South
Africa, the Union Government stated that one of the basic elements
of any solution of the question which would be satisfactory to the
Union Government was that its responsibilities in regard to
South-West Afnca under any new arrangement should not in
any way exceed those which it had assumed under the Mandate.
It maintained the position that the proposals hitherto made by the
Ad Hoc Committee "would not, inter dia, safeguard the rule of
unanimity whii:h was provided for in the Covenant of the League
of Nations" whilst they would confer on certain countnes, which
are Members o:ithe United Nations but which were not members of
the League, nghts which they did not have under the Mandates

System of the ILeague(document number 42, p. 7).

33. Under paragraph 12 (d) of General Assembly resolution
749 A (VIII), the Committee on South-West Africa was requested
to "prepare, for the consideration of the General Assembly, a21 DOSSIER TRANS.IIIïTED BY SECHETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

procedure for the examination of reports and petitions which
should conforni as far as possible to the procedure followed in this
respect by the Assembly, the Council and the Permanent Mandates
Commission of the League of Nations". The Committee first took
up this item at its 13th meeting on II February 1954. at which
time it appointed a Working Group, composed of the representatives
of Mexico, Nanvay and Pakistan. to study the question. The

Working Grou]?held seven closed meetings between 3 Marchand
I Apnl 1954 :and submitted a report, the full text of which is
contained in Annex III of the report of the Committee on South-
West Africa (document number 42, pp. 11-13).

34. The Working Group examined, in particular, the relevant
statements of the advisory opinion of the International Court of
Justice couceming the supervisoryfunction of the General Assembly
with regard to the Territory of South-West Africa, namely that :
(a) "The Court has arrived at the conclusion that the General
Assembly of the United Nations is legally qualified to exercise the
supervisory functions previously exercised by the League of
Nations with regard to the administration of the Territory, and

that the Uniori of South Africa is under an obligation to submit
to supervision and control of the General Assembly and to render
annual reports to it" ; (b) "Petitions are to be transmitted by that
Government to the General Assembly of the United Nations, which
is legally qualified to deal with them" ; (c) "South-West Africa
is still to be ci~nsideredas a temtory held under the Mandate of
17 December 1920'' and that "the degree of supervision to be
exercised by the General Assembly should not tlierefore exceed that
which applied under the Mandates System, and should conform as
far as possible to the procedure followed in this respect by the
Council of the League of Nations", and that "these observations
are particularly applicable to annual reports and petitions" ;
(d) "The Uniori of South Africa continues to have the international
obligations stated in Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of

Nations and in.the Mandate for South-West Africa as well as the
obligation to transmit petitions from the inhabitants of that Terri-
tory, the supervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations, to which the annual reports and the petitions are to be
submitted ....".

35. The Working Group noted that the Union of South Africa
had on numei-ous occasions stated that the General Assembly,
in applying the advisory opinion of the International Court of
Justice, wonld have to subject drcisions regarding South-West
Africa to the unanimity principle as it operated bath in the Council
and the Assenibly of the League of Nations, in order to comply
fully with the advisory opinion. It further stated that:23 DOSSIER 'TRAKSklITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.K.

"Adopts, suhject to the concurring vote of the Union of South
Africa as the State most directly concerned, the following special
rule E :

'Voting procedure
'Special:vuleF : Decisions of the General Assembly on questions

relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the
meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United
Nations.'"

38. The second resolution which the Working Group recom-
mended and tlie Committee adopted reads as follows :

"The Committee on South-WestAfrica,
Noting that special rule E, dealing with voting procedure.
involves a question of interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of
the International Court of Justice on the question of South-West
Africa.

1s of the opinion that the General Assembly should not adopt
thisrule without the concurring vote of the Union of South Africa.
as the Me~nber State most directly concerned, and therefore
Recommends to the General Assembly that, if special rule F
should he approved by the required majority of the General
Assembly, but without the concurring vote.of the Union of South
Africa. tlie General Assembly should snbmit to the International
Court of Justice for an advisory opinion the following questions :
(a) Having regard to the Advisory Opinion of the Inter-
national Court of Justice on the question of South-West
Africa, and having particular regard to the Court's opinion

on question (a), namely : 'that the Union of South Africa
continues to have the international obligations stated in
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and
in the Mandate for South-West Africa as well as the obligation
to trailsmit petitions from the inhabitants of that Territory,
the siipervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations, to which the annual reports and petitions are to
be submitted, and the reference to the Permanent Court of
International Justice to be replaced by a reference to the
International Court of Justice, in accordance with Article 7
of the Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of the Court' ;
is the General Assembly correctly interpreting the opinion
of the International Court of Justice by adopting a rule on
voting procedure for the General Assemhly which would read :

'Decisions of the General Assembly on questions relating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be reearded as imnortant ouestions within
the meaning of ~rticle-18, paragraih 2, of'the Charter of
the United Nations' ?;
fb) If this inter~retation of the Court's oninion should not
be' Correct, will Che Court indicate what ;oting procedure
sliould he applied ?" DOSSIER TRANSlIITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OFL U.N.
24
39. The :ibov(.-nieiitionet1 two rcs(~lutions of the Coiiiinittee on
Sc,uth-\\'est .-\frics \i.t:rebrforc ilit. Foiirth Com:f Ili(!Griii>ral
Assembly wheii it considered, during the ninth session, the question
of the procedure to be followed bythe Assembly in the examination
of reports and petitions relating ta the Territory of South-West

Africa. This procedure was discussed at the 399th to 4oznd meetings
of theFourth Committee from 4 to 7 October 1954.The Committee's
report with a detailed record of the voting is contained in document
Al2747 (document number 59, p. 7).

40. The draft resolution recommended for adoption by the
General Assembly in the first of the two remlutions of the Com-

mittee on Soui:h-West Africa was approved by the Fourth Com-
mittee with son-iechanges. The only change relating to the question
of voting procedure was proposed by India, to alter the second
operative paragraph of the resolution to read "Adopts, subject to
the acceptance of thc Union of South Africa, as the Mandatory for
the Temtory of South-West Africa, the following special rule F" ;
the rule itself !vas not to he changed. This amendment was voted
upon in parts. The words "subject to the acceptance by the Union
of South Africa.,as the Mandatory for the Territory of South-West
Africa" were approved hy 15 votes to 7, with 28 abstentions. The
rest of the Indian amendment was approved by 23 votes to one,
with 25 abstentions. The amendment as a whole was then approved
by 23 votes to 4 with 20 abstentions.

41. Special rule F was approved by 34 votes to z with 13 absten-
tions, while the draft resolution as a whole was approved by a roll-
cal1vote of 32 to 4, with 15 abstentions.

42. The Fourth Committee then took up the consideration of the
second resolution of the Committee on South-West Africa, i.e. the
recommendation that, if the General Assembly should approve
special rule F by the required majority but without the concurring
vote of the Union of South Africa, the General Assembly should
submit the questions proposed by the Committee on South-West
Africa regardiug voting procedure to the International Court of
Justice.

43. A draft iresolution which submitted these questions to the
Court was introduced jointly by India, Nexico, Norway, Syria
and the United States of America, andan amendment to the draft
resolution which would insert a preamble and a second operative
paragraph was l~roposedby Mexico. This amendment was approved
by the Committee by 33 votes to one, with 13 abstentions, and the
joint draft resolution as amended was approved by the Fourth

Committee by 35 votes to one, with Ir abstentions.25 DOSSIER TRAICShIITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.K.

44. When tlie General Assembly met in its 494th plenary meeting
on II Octobei- 1954 it therefore had before it the following two
draft resolutions on the question of South Africa contained in
Part 1 of the report of the Fourth Committee :

The GeneralAssembly,

Having received a report of the Committee on South-West
Africa concerning the procedure for the examination by the
Assembly of reports and petitions relating to the Territos. of
South-West Africa,
Hauing ;inmind the advisory opinion of the International Court
of Justice on South-West Africa,

Desiring to apply. as far as possible. and pending the conclusion
of an agreement between the United Nations and the Union of
South Africa, the procedure followed in that respect by the Council
of the League of Nations,
I. Adopts the following special rules :

Procedure with regard to reports

Special i,tde A: The General Assembly shall receive annually
from the Committee on South-West Africa the report on South-
West Africa submitted to the Committee by the Union of South
Africa (or a report on conditions in the Territory of South-West
Africa prepared by the Committee in accordance with para-
graph 12 (c) of the General Assembly resolution 749 A (VIII))
together with the observations of the Committee on the report
as weU as the comments of the duly authorized representative
of the Union of South Africa, should that Government decide to
follow the General Assembly's recommendation and appoint such
a representative.
Speciai rule B :The General Assembly shall, as a rule, be guided
bv the observations of the Committee and shall base its conclusions,
a< far as possible, on the Committee's observations.

Procedure with regard to petitions

from the Committee on South-West Africa a report with regardlly
to petitionri submitted to it. The summary records of the meetings
at which the petitions were discussed shall be attached..

Special rule D :The General Assembly shall, as a rule, be guided
by the conclusions of the Committee and shall base its own
conclusions, as far as possible, on the conclusions of the Committee.26 DOSSIER .TKAKSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GENEKAL OF U.N.
Private meetings

Special rule E :Having regard to rule 62 of the rules of procedure
of the General Assembly, meetings at which decisions conceming
persons are considered shall be held in private.
2. Adopta, subject to the acceptance by the Union of South
Africa, as the Mandatory for the Territory of South Africa, the
following s:pecial rule F:

Voting procedure

Special r~le F : Decisions of the General Assembly on questions
relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the
meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2,of the Charter of the United
Nations.

DRAFTRESOLUTIOB N
The Gentral Assembly,

Considering that resolution 844 (IX) contains the following
provision :
"Adopts, subject to the acceptance hy the Union of South
Africa, as the Mandatory for the Territory of South-West Africa,
the followirig special rule F :

"Voting procedure
"Special i,uleF :Decisions of the General Assembly on question5
relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the
meaning of Article 18. paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United
Nations",
Consideringalso that the Union of South Africa, as Mandatory
Power of the Territory of South-West Africa, did not accept the
special rule F referred to in the precedjng paragraph,

1.Submiis to the International Court of Justice for an advisory
opinion the following questions :
(a) IIaving regard to the advisory opinion of the Inter-
national Court of Justice on the question of South-West
Africa, and having particular regard to the Court's opinion
on question (a), namely "that the Union of South Africa
continues to have the international obligations stated in
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and
in theMandate for South-West Africa as well as the obligation
to tranfjmit petitions from the inhabitants of that Territory,
the supervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations., to which the annual reports and the petitions are
to be submitted, and the reference to the Permanent Court
of Intelnational Justice to be replaced by a reference to the
International Court of Justice, in accordance with Article 7
of the :Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of the Court" ;27 DOSSIER 'CRANSMI~ED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OFL U.N.

is the General Assembly correctly interpreting the opinion of
the International Court of Justice by adopting a mle on
voting procedure for the General Assembly which would read :
"Decisions of the General Assembly on questions relating
to reports and petitions conceming the Territory of Snuth-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within
the mt:aning of Article 18,paragraph 2,of the Charter of
the United Nations" ?
(b) Ifthis interpretation of the Court's opinion should nnt
be correct, will the Court indicate what voting procedure
should be applied ?

2. Declares that, if the Intemational Court of Justice replies
in the affimiative to the first question submitted to it, the provision
present resolution, and under which the adoption of special mle F
is made coiiditional on the acceptance of that mle by the Union
of South Africa. will cease to be in force.

45. In votinl; on the first of these two resolutions the Assembly
took a separate vote by roll-cal1on the words in the second operative
"subject to the acceptance by the Union of South Africa, as the
Mandatory for the Territory of South-West Africa". The result of
the vote was 13 in favour, 8 against, and 29 abstentions. Having
failed to obtain the necessary two-thirds majority the phrase

was not adopted. The resolution as a whole, with the deletion of the
phrase in question, was then adopted by a roll-cal1 vote of 33 to 3,
with 15abstentions.

46. Following this vote the President of the Assembly made a
mling that, in view of the text of draft resolution A, as adopted,

there was no i-eason to put draft resolution B to the vote. The
mling was challenged and, when put to the vote, was upheld by
30 votes to 8, viith 13 abstentions. Draft resolutionB was therefore
not voted upori.

47. At the 409th meeting of the Fourth Committee on 19 October

1954. the representatives of Norway, Thailand and the United
States of Ame~ica made statements indicating that, in the absence
of a request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of
Justice on the voting procedure to be applied in reaching decisions
on reports and petitions relating to the Temtory of South-West
Africa, their delegations would not participate in the consideration
of resolutions based on the substance of the repcrt of the Committee
on South-West Africa as far as it related to conditions in the Terri-
tory. At the same meeting the representative of Norway informed
the Committee thatas a result of the amendment of draft resolution
A by the deletion of the phrase which madc the adoption of the
rule concerning voting procedure contingent upon the acceptance28 DOSSIER 'THANS311TTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.K.

of the Union of South Africa, his delegation could not be associated
with the future work of the Committee on South-West Africa.
The representative of Thailand also informed the Assembly of the
withdrawal of his Government from membership in the Committee.

48. Followirig these statementsthe Fourth Committee appointed
a Sub-Committee "to review the situation arising in the 409th
meeting of the Fourth Committee on 19 October 1954, and to
report back to the Committee on what to do".

49. The Sub-Committee held three meetings. Its report (docu-
ment number 59, p. IO) contained a recommendation that the
Fourth Committee should recommend to the General Assembly
that it re-open, in accordance with rule 83 of its niles of procedure,
the question of submitting special mle F to an advisory opinion by
the International Court of Justice. This recommendation of the
Sub-Committee was rejected by the Fourth Committee at its
425th meeting on 8 November 1954. by a roll-cal1 vote of 18 to
18, with 16 abstentions (document number 52, p. 195). In conse-
quence, a recommendation of the Sub-Committee for referral of
the voting procedure for reports and petitions,relating to South-
West Africa tci the International Court of Justice for an advisory
opinion was considered to have fallen away.

50. Following upon this decision of the Fourth Committee, the
representatives of Iraq, Sweden and the United States of America
stated that, as a consequenceof the decisiontaken by the Committee,
their delegations would be unable to accept an invitation to serve
on the Committee on South-West Africa. The representatives of
Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, Syria and Thailand reserved the positions
of their Governments with respect to their future participation in
the Committee on South-West Africa (document number 59, p. 14).

51. At its 500th and jorst pleoary meetings on 23 November
1954 the Assenibly had before it PartIIof the report of the Fourth
Committee on the Question of South Africa (document number 59)
and a draft resolution proposed by Guatemala and Lebanon
(document nuinber 58) under which certain questions would be
submitted to the International Court of Justice for an advisory
opinion. The representative of Guatemala explained to the Assembly
that although the phrasing of the questions to be referred to the
International Court was similar tothat in the resolution which the
Assembly at its earlier meeting had decided not to vote upon, the
resolution now before the Assembly did not constitute a reconsider-

ation of the decision taken by the General AssembIyon IIOctober
not to vote on draft resolution B in the first part of the Fourth
Committee's report ;in both motivation and wording the resolution
was a new prilposal. The representative rifthe Union of SouthAfrica contended that a decision to consider the draft resolution
submitted by Guatemala and Lebanon would constitute a re-
consideration of the decision taken by the General Assembly on
II October when it decided not to vote on draft resolution B ;
therefore, under mle 83 of the rules of procedure, the resolution
could not be voted upon unless the Assembly, by a two-thirds
majority. decided to reconsider the decision it had previously taken.
A vote was taken on this preliminary question. Twenty-five votes
were cast against the view that consideration of the draft resolution

constituted reconsideration of the previous decision, 18 were
in favour of this view and there were II abstentions.

52. The Assembly then turned to the draft resolution itself,
which requested an advisory opinion from the International Court
of Justice;the resolution was adopted by a roll-cal1vote of 25 tII$

with 21 abstentions (documentsnumbers 56 and 57). The resolution
adopted is the resolution at present before the International Court
of Justice.

53. After the adoption of this resolution the Assembly decided,
upon the motion of the representative of Thailand, not to vote on
the first two draft resolutionselating to petitions in Part II of the

Fourth Committee's report until the advisory opinion had been
obtained from the International Court of Justice. This decision
was taken by 27 votes to 18,with 8abstentions. In connexion with
the third draft resolution in Part II of the Fourth Committee's
report, a resoliition dealing with the report of the Committee on
South-West Af~ica,the General Assembly decided, after the question
had been raised by the Union of South Africa, that in its vote on
the resolution it was not applying special rule F conceming voting
procedure which it had adopted at its meeting on II October. This
decision was taken by 18 votes to 4, with 30 abstentions. It then
adopted the resolntion by 40 votes to 3, with II abstentions (docu-
ment number 57).

7 March 1955. PART II.-CONTENTS OF THE DOSSIER

Records of meetings of the Fourth Committee :

(1) 1g1st meeting (see paras. 1-92 and 105-128)
(2) ~gznd meeting
(3) 194th meeting
(4) 195th meeting

(5) 196th meeting (see paras. 34-90)
Records of plenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly :

(6) 321st plenary meeting [extract]
(7) 322nd plenary meeting (see paras. 2-63)

Generm!Assembly and Fourth Committee documents :

(8) Officiai Records of the General Assembly. Fifth Session, Annexes,
agenda item 35, containing the texts ofthe following documents :

Page 3 Report of the Fourth Com- A11643
mittee

, 12 Ikazil, Denmark, Pem, Syria, Al1681
Tliailand andUnited States
of America : draft reso-
lution
, 12 Cuba: amendments to the Al1688
draft resolution contained
in document Al1681

,, 3 Ilrazil, Cuba, Mexico, Syria A/C.~/L.II~/R~V.I (see
and Umguay: draft reso- para. 5 of docunient
lution A/1643)
, 4 1:ndia. Indonesia and Philip- A/C.~/L.I~I (see para. 6
pines : draft resolution of document A/1643)

, 7 India, Indonesia and Philip A/C.~/L.IZZ(seepara. 14
pines : draft resolution of document A/1643)

, I DenNorway, Pem, Thailand,q, A/C.~/L.IZ~ and Add. I
United States of America
and Venezuela : draft reso-
lutiori Page 5 Denmark, El Salvador, Iraq. A/C.~/L.IZ~/R~V.I (see
Norway, Peru, Thailand, para. 7 of document
United States of America and A/1643)
Venezuela : revised draft
'resolution

,. S Union of Soviet Socialist A/C.4/L.x26(sametext as
Republics :amendment to the document A/C.~/L.I~O
joint draft resolution pro- -see para. 17 of
posedby India, Indonesia and document A/1643)
Philippines (A/C.~/L.IZZ)

, 8 Cuba, ~cuador, Guatemala, A/C.~/L.IZS(seepara. 15
Mexico and Umguay: draft of document A/1643)
resolution

,, 5 India, Indonesia and Philip- A/C.~/L.IZ~ (see para. g
pines :amendment to the joint of document A/1643)
draft resolution of Brazil,
Cuba, Mexico, Syria and
Uruguay (A/C.~/L.II~/R~V.I)

., 8 Uiiion of Soviet Socialist A/C.~/L.I~O (same
Republics :amendment tothe text as document
joint draft resolution of Cuba, A/C..+/L.126-see
Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico para. 17 of document
and Uruguay (A/C.~/L.IZ~) A/1643)

(9) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: A11661
amendmient to draft resolution II
proposeii by the Fourth Committee
(. .G43'1
(IO) Statement by the Representative of the A/C.4/185
Union cifSouth Africa at the 196th
meeting of the Fourth Committee, on
4 December 19jo

Resolrriionof lhe General Assenrbly:

(II) Resolutiori 449 (\').Question of South-\\'est Africa DOSSIER TKASS.\IITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OLF U.N.
32
II. RECORD SF.THE"ADHOC"COIIMITTE ENSOUTH-WESTAFRICxA g.jr

Records of proceedingsand doctcmenl:

(12) 7th meetin,: A/.4C.4g/SR.7
(13) 8th meeting A/AC.4g/SR.8

(14) 11th meeting A/AC.~~/SR.II
(15) Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on A/rgor
South-West Africa to the General
Assembly [See No. 16, page z]

III. RECOROS OF THE GENERAL ASSES~BLY S,IXTHS ES SI O195.-1952

(16) Official Records of the General Assembly. Sixth Session, Annexes.
agenda item 38 :
Page 26 Report of the Fourth Com- Al2066 and Corr. I
mittee

Resolulion of the GeiteralAssembl:

(17) Resolutioii 570 (VI). Question of South-West Africa

IV. RECORDS OF THE <'ADHOC"COMMITTE ONSOUTH-WESA TFRICA ,95~

Records of proceedings and document:
(18) 30th meeting A/AC.4g/SR.30
(tg) Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on A/2261
South-\\'estAfrica to the General
Assemhly [See No. 32, page 11 and
Addendum to the report of theAd Hoc A/zz61/Add.r
Committee on South-West Africa to
the General Assembly [See No. 32,

Page 301
V. RECORDS CF THE GENERALASSEMBLYS,EVENTHSESSION,1952

Resolictioizof the Genzval Assîmb:y

(20) Resolutio~i 651 (YII). Question of South-\\'est Africa

VI. RECORD SF THE"ADHOC"COJIIIITTE EN SOUTH-\VESA TFRICA1 ,953

Records of proceediiigs aird docrrm:nts
(21) 38th meeting (part III) A/AC.4g/SR.38/Part III

(22)XeEuth-\\'esteAfrica to thettGeneral Al2475

Assembly [See Xo. 32, page 311 and
.4ddendum to the report of the Ad Hoc A/z475/Add.1
Committee on South-\\'est Africa to
the General Assembly [See No. 32,
Page 481 DOSSIER 'TRANSMITïED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.
33

VII. RECORI~S OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLYE ,IGHTHSESSION.1953

Records of meetings of the Fourth Committee :

(23) 357th meeting
(24) 358th meeting (see paras. 18-38)
(25) 359th meeting
(26) 361st meeting (see paras. 1-44)
(27) 362nd meeting

(28) 363rd meeting
(29) 364th meeting

Record.;of plenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly :

(30) 460th plenary meeting [extract:.

Generd Assembly aicd Fourth Committeedoczrments :
(31) Burma and India : draft resolution A/C.4/L.304

(32) Official Records of the General Assembly. Eighth Session, Annexes,
agenda item 36, containing the texts of the folloning documents:

Page 51 Report of the Fourth Corn- Al2572
mittee
, 52 Afghanistan, Brazil, Burma, A/C.~/L.~O~/R~V.a Ind
Denmark, Egypt, India, Add.1 (see para. 31
Indonesia, Iraq, Liberia, of document A/2572,
Pakistan, Philippines, draft resolution A)
Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thai-
land and Umguay :draft
resolution

, 54 Afghanistan,Burma, Egypt, A/c.4/L.306 and Add.~
India, Indonesia, Iraq, (seepara. 31 of
Pakistan, Philippines, document A/2572.
Saudi Arabia, Syria and draft resolution B)
Uruguay :draft resolution

Resolution of the GeneralAssembly:

(33) Resolution 749 (VIII). Question of South-West Africa

VIII. RECOR:D SF THE COMMITTE OEN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA,1954

Records of proceedingsand documents

(34) 13th meeting
(35) 34th meeting
(36) 35th meeting34 DOSSIER 'IRANSMIïTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OLF U.N.

(37) Conference Room Paper No. &Explanatory memorandum con-
cerning paragraph 12(d) of General Assembly resolution 749A
(VIII) iprepared by the Secretariat, at the request of the
Committee)
(38) Working Group Paper No. I-Excerpts from statements by the
represent-ative of South Africa conceming procedure applied in
the Leape of Nations regarding the examination of reports
and petilions from South-West Africa

(39) Workiilg Group Paper No. 3-The operation of the Councilofthe
League of Nations with regard to the Mandated Territory of
South-West Africa
(40) Working Group Paper No. 4-Informal memorandum concerning
a procedure for the examination of reports and petitions by the
General Assembly (in pursuance of paragraph 12(d) of General
Assembly resolution 749 A (VIII))

(41) Report of iche Working Group of the Committee on South-West
Africa concerning a procedure for the examination of reports
and petitions by the General Assembly [SeeNo. 42, Annexes III
and IV, pages II-141

(42) Report of the Committee on South- Al2666 and Corr.1.
West Africa to the General Assembly Officia1 Records of the
General Assembly,
Ninth Session, Sup-
plement No. 14
(43) Addendum to the report of the Com- Alz6661Add.1
mittee or1 South-West Afnca to the
General Assembly [See No. 59, pagez]

IX. RECORDS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLYN , INTHSESSION,1954

Records of meetings ofthe Foz<rthCornmiltee:

(44) 399th meeting (see paras. 2-37)
(45) 400th meeting (see paras. 5-33)
(46) qorst mceting (see paras. 3-64)

(47) 402nd meeting
(48) 404th meeting

(49) 406th meeting
(50) 409th meeting (see paras. 1-45)

(51) 424th meeting (see paras. 41-72)
(52) 425th meeting
(53) 426th meeting (see paras. 4-26)

(54) 427th meeting [extract]35 DOSSIER TRANSIIITTED BY SECKETAKY-GENERAL OF U.N.

Record.;of PIenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly :
(55) 494th plenary meeting (see paras. 2-91)

(56) 500th plenas. meeting (seeparas. 2-133)
(57) 501st plenary meeting (seeparas. 1-127)

GenerulAssembly and Fout.th Committee documents:

(58)Guatemala and Lebanon: draft resolution AlL.178 (adopted by
[See No. 59. page 17, resolution go4 the General Assembly
(W.] without amendment)
(59) Official Records of the General Assembly. Ninth Session, Annexes,
agenda item 34, containing the texts of the followingdocuments:

Page 7 Report of the Fourth Com- A12747
mittee (Part 1)

, 13 Report of the Fourth Com- A/z747/Add.1
mittee (Part II)

, 13 Letter dated 12 October A12753 (see para. g
1954 from the Permanent of document
Representative of Thailand A/z747/Add.1)
to the United Nations
addressed to the President
of the General Assembly

,, 13 Letter dated 13 October A12754(see para. g
1954 from the Permanent of document
Kepresentative of Norway A/z747/Add.1)
to the United Nations
addressed to the President
of the General Assembly

, IO Reon South-\\'est Africa to A/C.4/274
the Fourth Committee

,, 8 India :revised amendments A/C.4/L.333/Rev.r and
to the draft procedure Rev.2 (see paras.
proposed by the Committee 5 (c) and 6 of docu-
on South-West Africa for ment A/z747)
the esamination by the
General Assembly of re-
ports and petitions relating
to the Territory of South-
West Africa (A/2666,
Annex IV) DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OLF U.N.
36
Page fiIndia, Mexico,Nonvay, Syria A/C.4/L.334
and United States of
America : draft resolution

;'Pem and Philippines :
, amendment to the draft AIpara. 5 (a) ofc
proccdurt prol~osrdby tlic document A/z747)
Conimittcc on South-\i'est
Africa for the cxaminatior.
by the General Assembly
of reports and petitions
relating to the Territory
of South-West Africa
(A/2666,Annex IV)

,, 8 Colombia : amendment to A/para..53(c)sof
A/C.4/L.333/Rev.z document A/2747)

, ;. Colombia : amendment to AIC.4iL.337 (sec
the draft procedure pro- para. 5 (b) of
posed by the Committee document A/2747)
on South-West Africa for
the examination by the
General Assembly of re-
portsand petitions relating
to the Territory of South-
West Africa (A/2666,
Annex IV)
, 7 Mexico: amendments to draft
resolution A/C.4/L.334

,, 13,Brazil, Chile, Denmark, A/C.4/L.340 (see
Mexico, Peru and United para. 3 of document
States of America : draft A/z747/Add.1)
resolution

, 12 Bunna, Egypt, India, Leba- A/C.4/L.341
non, Liberia and Philip-
pines : draft resolution
, 12 Burma,Egypt, India, Leba- A/C.4/L.34z
non,Liberia, Pakistan and
Syria :draft resolution

Resolutionsof the GeneralAssembly :

Page 17 Resolution 844 (IX). Proce- (A/R~so~u~io~/zor)
dure for the examination
of reports and petitions
relating to the Territory
of South-West Africa DOSSIERTRANSMITTED BY SECHETARY-GENERAO LF U.N.
37
Page 17 Resolution go4 (IX). Voting (A/RESOLUTION/ZZ~)
procedure on questions
relating to reports and
petitions concerning the
Territory of South-West
Africa: request for an
advisory opinion from the
International Court of
Justice

,, 18 Resolution 851 (IX). Report (A/R~so~u~ro~/zz6)
of the Committee on
South-West AfricaPART III.-ADDITIONAL NOTES RELATING TO THE
REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION Oh' SOUTH-WEST
.4FRICA (VOTING PROCEDURE)*

1. Correction to I~~lrodnctory Note O/ dossier
There is a niinor error in theIntroductory Note of the dossier of

documents transmitted to the Court by the Secretary-General.
The Note says in paragraph 28 that at its ninth session the General
Assembly ado~ited three resolutions relating to South-West Africa.
In fact, four resolutions were adopted at that session. The one
to which reference was unfortunately omitted in paragraph 28,
although it is mentioned in paragraph 52. is resolution 851 (IX)
on the report of the Cornmittee on South-West Africa. The text
of this resolution is given in document number 59, page 18.

II The scope of the zrnanimity ritle in the Cozr?tcilof the Leagfceof
hrations

It has often been assumed in the course of the discussion of
South-West Africa. and \vas expressly stated by the Working
Group of the Cornmittee on South-West Africa in 1954', that

"...Article 5 of the Covenant of the Leagueof Nations and rule
IX of the iules of the Councilof the League of Nations provided
that decisions by the Council required the agreement of al1 the
Members of the League represented at the meeting and that there-
foredecisioiisby the Councilregardingreports and petitions relating
to thc Terri.toryof South-Wcst Africa implied the agreement of the
Union of South Africa".
This note contains some further information about the general
scope of the unanimity rule in the Leagiie Council, and about its

application in matters relating to Mandates.
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League, which laid upon
hlandatories tlie obligation of subrnitting annual reports ta the
Council, makei no express provision concerning voting in the
Council concerning the Mandates. The general provision on voting
is Article 5, paragraph I, of the Covenant, which provides that

"Except where otherwise expressly provided in this Corcnant
or by the lerms of the present Treaty, decisions at an? meeting
of the Asseml~lyor of the Council sliall require the agreement of
al1the Ilcrribersof the Leaguereprcsrntcd at the mcetiiig."

' I>ossicr, Docuin42, pp.12-13,para7.39 DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

It will be convenient first to explore the meaning of the phrase
"al1 the Members of the League represented at the meeting", and
then to survey briefly the various exceptions to the unanimity
rule which were provided or were developed in the practice of the
Council.
Paragraph 5 of Article 4 of the Covenant provides that :

"Any lfember of the Leaguenot represented on the Councilshall
be invited to send a representative to sit as a member at any
meeting of the Council during the considerationof matters specially
affectingthe interests of that Member of the League."
Paragraph O of the same Article provides that :

"At meetings of the Council,each Member of the League repre-
sented on the Councilshall have one vote, and may have not more
than one rcpresentative."
It was the iisual practice of the Council to interpret the right

of a non-member of the Council "to sit as a member" as implying
a right to vote. Not only was the article applied ta Members of
the League which were not members of the Council. It was even
applied by analogy to non-members of the League, a practice for
which there is the highest judicial authonty. The Permanent Court
of International Justice, in its twelfth Advisory Opinion, relating
ta Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Treaty of Lausanne l, declared
that Turkey, then not a member of the League, should be allowed

ta take part in the voting in the Council on the dispute being
considered. In that case, however, because of special circumstances
which will be examined later, the votes of the parties were not to
be counted in ascertaining whether there was unanimity.

There were various exceptions to the unanimity rule in the
Council. In the first place, there were a number of provisions in

the Treaty of Versailles outside of the Covenant and in the other
peace treaties ~vhichprovided fora majority vote instead of unani-
mity Moreover, it was soon established, and \vas provided in the
rules of proceclure of the Council3 as well as of the Assembly, that
unanimity war; not necessary when there was a provision to that
effect in any treaty, even when the treaty was later in date than
the Treaty of Versailles and quite separate from the peace settle-
ments. As an example, it is sufficient to mention the provision of
the Statute of the Peimanent Court of International Justice

concerning the participation of the Council in the election of judges.
Moreover, it is specified in Article 5,paragraph z, of the Covenant
that al1 matters of procedure, includinr the appoinAAent of com-

' l'or example, Treaty of VersailArt.2r3, and para.40of Annex to PartIII,
.--.A..
"ulç IX of tliCouncil.40 DOSSIER TRANS.VITïED BY SECXETAKY-GENEX OAL U.N.
mittees to investigate paeicular matters, should be decided by

a majority of the Members of the League represented at the meeting.
In the practice of the Council it was established that certain types
of matters wtre matters of procedure. In the first place, rules of
procedure were always treated as matters of procedure '. It was
impliedly provided in the first rules of procedure adopted by the
Council that al1 decisions relating to individuals should be taken
by majority vote %.Moreover, there is at least one clear case showing
that the Couricil interpreted the expression "the appointment of

committees to investigate particular matters" as including the
decision to establish such a committee as well as the decision on
its composition, and hence subject to majority votes. It is also
probable that the Council regarded as procedural the decision on
whether to invite a non-member of the League to sit with the
Counci14. On other points, for esample the vote necessary for the
Council to request an advisory opinion from the Permanent Court,
there were statements by representatives that a majority was

sufficient, but no clear decision was ever taken by the Counci15.

It was also established in the practice of both the Council and
the Assembly that an abstention did not prevent unanimity and
did not constitute a riegative vote'.
There are two articles in the Coveiiant which provide that in

certain circumstances the vote of the State or States most directly
concerned should not be counted in deterinining whether the
necessary unanimity had been obtained. These provisions, which
require only what rnay bc called a qflalified unanimity, are appli-
cations of the principle that no one shoulcl bc a judge in his own
cause. One of them is Article 15, concerning settlement of any
dispute between Rlembers of the League which is likely to lead to
a rupture and which is not submitted to arbitration or judicial

se'ttlement. Paragraphs 6, 7 and IO of Article 15 provide that the
votes of the parties cannot prevent the cffccts of othenvise unani-
mous decision:; of the Council or the Assembly.
The other article is Article 16, which provides in paragraph 4 :

"Any Alc:mberof the League which has violated any covenant
of the Leahwernay be declared to be no longer a Member of the

'Ç. A. Riches, The Unonirnily Rtorrdflia LeagO/~Vnlions,pp. 54-56.
'Rules of procedure of the CouncilnileIS. This provisio,vas, hoii-ever,
rnodifiedinthe mies adopted in 1933.
'League ofJations Officia! Journal, 1931. pp. 2322-2329.
'Y. O. Hudson, Tho Per>rrorrenlCoiirl O/ Inler~raliortal Jri1920-1942.
PP. Ga-494.
'C.A. Riches,op.cilpp. 42-50.41 DOSSIER TRANSMIlTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.
League by ;lvote of the Council concurred in by Representatives
of al1the other hIembers of the League represented thereon."

Apart from these two provisions, there is no other express
stipulation in the Covenant preventing a Member from being judge
and party in the same case. Articles IO, II, 13 and 19 of the Cove-
nant, under which disputes could also be brought before the organs
of the League, contain no provision against counting the votes

of the parties to the dispute. Article 22 on the Mandatory System
is likewise silerit in this regard.
Two of the draftsmen of the Covenant, Lord Cecil of Chelwood
of the United Kingdom and hlr. Scialoja of Italy, suggested in
1930, when amendment of Article 13 of the Covenant was under
consideratioii, that it was only by inadvertence that a provision
on qualified unanimity had been inserted in some of the articles
concerning disl~utes and omitted from others. Lord Cecil, in
supporting a p:roposed amendment, said l:

"He himself had always held that it must have been by some
accident that the rule in the Covenant providing that unanimity
should not comprise the parties to the dispute had only been
enacted in (certain cases. Obviously, if it were the right rule, it
should be applied to al1cases of dispute, and he was in Iavour of
taking the opportunity of suggesting that course."

Mr. Scialoja agreed with Lord Cecil, and said 2 :
"There was no doubt that ...it had been simply by an oversight
that it had not been said that the votes of the interested parties
should not figure in calculatingunanimity."

However the omission may have arisen, it will be of greater
interest to see how the text of the Covenant was applied in practice

by the Council of the League. In the practice of the Council there
were certain cazes in which the mle of qualified unanimity and the
principle that no one should be both judge and party in his own
case were applied, even though the cases did not arise under the
provisions of the Covenant which specifically incorporated this rule.
The first such case arose in 1922, when the Council was called
on under Article 393 of the Treaty of Versailles, which made no
special provisioii on voting, to designate the eight States of chief
industrial importance for the purpose of representation on the

Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation. India
requested, under Article 4 of the Covenant, that it be allowed to
sit as a member of the Council during the consideration of its
claim for designation as one of the eight States. The Council

' 3Iinuteof the Cornmittee for the Amendment of the Covenaof the League
1930.v.p. 47.bring it into Harmony \rith the Pact of Paris, Uoc. C.160.>1.69.
* Ilid.p. .+S.42 DOSSIER TRANSIIITTED BY SECRETAHY-GENERAL OF U.N.

consulted the Director of the Legal Section of the Secretariat,
who gave the opinion that "the Council would act in this affair
as arbitrator, and that India could not be both judge and party
to the case" l.The Council followed this advice, and though India
was offered an opportunity for an oral hearing or for the submission
of a written statement, the right to vote was refused.

Another case also occurred in 1922, when the Council,.pursuant
to a decision of the Peace Conference, \vas considering a boundary
dispute between Austria and Hungary, both of which had agreed
to accept the decision of the Council as binding. A memorandum
by the Secreta.ry-General of the League stated :

"Austria, having declared by the Protocol of Venice 'that she
would accept a decisionrecommended by the Councilof the League
of Nations'. must not take part in the vote, but will at the same
time be n:presented at discussions of the Council in virtue of
Article 4 of the Covenant ....
"The provision of Article 4 of the Covenant does not apply
to Hungary, as she is not a Member of the League. The Council,
however, will nodouht desire to admit the representative ofHungary
to the disciissions on a footing of equality with that of Austria,
as has been done in previous cases ...."

This procedure was followed hy the Councils.
A further caise, in 1923, arose in a similar way, and involved a
boundary dispute between Czechoslovakia and Hungary. In that
case the Council, having first heard the representatives of the
parties in public 4, took the decision at a private meeting at which
thc parties were not present 5.The decision was then comrnunicated

to the parties at a public meetinge, and they were not asked
whether they accepted it.

Still another case occurred in 1924, when the Council was consi-
dering the method of executing the investigations which it was
ernpowered to make under the peace treaties concerning the
carrying out of the mi!itary regulations of those treaties. Six
States, including some which were to be irivestigated, asked under

Article 4 of the Covenant to participatc in the Council during the
discussion '. Tbe Council adopted the view of a commission of
jurists that the treaties of peace contemplated that the Council
would be constituted in its ordinary manner for this purpose, and
consequently al1 the requests were refused

I.eagueofSutir,ns OiïiciJournal,1922,p.1160.
= Ibid., p. 1333.
Vbbid. pp.1184, 1196.
League of Xationî OfliciJournal,1923.pp.556-558.
" Ibid., p.599.
' Ibid.pp. 601-6,m.
* lbid., pp.1315.13~7:ficiJournal,igzq,pp.920-912.43 DOSSIER TRANSMlTTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

A case in 1925 presents a special interest, since it involved an
advisory opinion from the Permanent Court of International Justice.
Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Treaty of Lausanne provided that if
Turkey and 'Great Britain were unable to agree within a certain
time on the frontier between Turkey and Iraq, the dispute should be
referred to the Council of the League. When the dispute was brought
before the Council under that treaty provision, it was decided in

September 1925 to request an advisory opinion on the questions
whether under the treaty the Council's decision would be binding,
whether the decision had to be unanimous, and whether the repre-
sentatives of the interested parties might take part in the vote l.
The Court, in its unanimous advisory opinion 2,concluded on the
basis of the text of the treaty that the Council's decision would
be binding. It next concluded, on the basis of the composition
and functionc. of the Council, of Article 5, paragraph I, of the
Covenant, and of the silence of the Treaty of Lausanne on voting,
that the unanimity mle applied. The Court then took up the
question whether the parties might vote. The Court first recognized
that "the ve-i general mle laid down in Article 5 of the Covenant

does not specially contemplate the case of an actual dispute which
has been laid before the Council" ; that contingency, however,
was dealt with in Article 15, paragraphs 6 and 7, which excluded
the vote of the parties, as did Article 16, paragraph 4. It followed,
in the Court's. view, that "in certain cases and more particularly
in the case of the settlement of a dispute", the votes of the parties
did not affect the required unanimity. Consequently it was "this
conception of unanimity which must be applied in the dispute
before the Council". Having reached this conclusion, the Court
further stated. :

"It is hardly open to doubt that in no circumstancesis it possible
to be satisfied with less than this conception of unanimity, for, if
such unanimity is necessary in order to endow a recommendation
with the limited effects contemplated in paragraph 6 of Article 15
of theCovi:nant,it must a fortiori be so whena binding decisionhas
to betaken.
"The question which anses, therefore, is solely whether such
unanimity is sufficientor whether the representatives of the parties
must also accept the decision. The principle laid down hy the
requiremerits of a case suchnas7that now before the Council, just
as well as the circumstances contemplated in that article. The
well-knowi mle that no one can be judge in his own suit holds
good."

' LeagueofNations Onicial Journal1925,pp. 1377-1382
P.C.I.J.,S~I..B,N~.IZ.44 DOSSIER TRANSIII'ITED BY SECRETAHY-CENERA OFL U.K.

The Court theri said that giving the right of veto over the Council's
decision would be contrary to the intention of the Treaty of
Lausanne. Finally it \vas stated that though the votes of the
parties were not to be taken into account in ascertaining whether

there was unanimity, their representatives would "take part in
the vote, for tliey form part of the Council, and, like other repre-
sentatives, they are entitled and in duty bound to take part in
the deliberations of that body". As has been said before, Turkey
was not then a member of the League. The Council. having received
the advisory opinion of the Court, finally decided, over the negative
vote of the representative of Turkey, to accept and follow it '.

There are two other cases which are less clear. In one of them,

ansing under Articles 10 and II of the Covenant, the Council held
a pnvate meeting. at first without the participation of the parties ;
then the parties were called into the private meeting, and a draft
resolution was approved ; and finally a public meeting was held
at which the piirties were asked whether they had any objections.
They declared they accepted what they termed the Council's
"decision", and the resolution was formally adopted 2. In the
other case, in which bath Article II, paragraph 2, and a provision
of a peace treaty were invoked by the parties, the President of the
Council proposi:d that the Council should pronounce on the report

of a sub-cornmittee, but excepted the parties, who were invited
not ta express themselves but to delay giving their final answer
for three months, so that their Governments could examine the
report carefully =.The President's proposal was adopted, and thus
the Council approved the report without the vote of the parties '.

On the other hand, there were two cases of disputes brought
before the Council under Article II of the Covenant in which a
party to the dispute was allowed to vote, and by its vote was
considered to have prevented the necessary unanimity. The first

was in 1928, when the Council considered a dispute between Poland
and Lithuania. Lithuania, which was not a member of the Council.
was asked ta sit in the meeting and to vote. The President proposed
a draft resolution. Lithuania's vote was the only one against the
draft resolution, which otherwise received unanimous support.
The President declared it had failed of adoption
The second case arase in 1931 in the Sino-Japanese conflict over
Manchuria, also brought before the Council under Article Ir. A
draft resolutiori was proposed, calling upon Japan ta withdraw

' Leagueof Nations OfficJournal,,926,p.128.
Leagueof NationsOficial Journa1925,pp. iGgg-i7oo.
' LevgueofNations OfficiJournal,1927,pp. ,404,413
' Ibid.p,.1414.
League of Nations Oficinl Journal, 1928,p. 896.45 DOSSIER TRASS\IITTED BY SECRETAKY-GEPIERAL OF U.N.

its troops '. Japan was the only member of the Council to vote
against this dr,aft. The draft was regarded as having been defeated 2.
Thus in the practice of the Council a certain number of disputes
brought befor~:the Council under a treaty provision were decided
without counting the votes of the parties ;the Council also decided
to carry out functions concerning the International Labour

Organisation and supervision of fulfilment of the peace treaties
without the participation of States which were or claimed to be
concerned. On the other hand there are two clear cases in which
the Council did not admit any limitation of the unanimity rule
respecting disputes under Article II of the Covenant.
The texts governing voting in the Council having been cited and

the practice of the Council under them having been described in a
general way, it remains noUr to examine the specific practice in
voting on ma.tters concerning Mandates. That practice is very
simple : in the entire history of the Coiincil there was never a
negative vote on any question concerning Xandates, and hence al1
decisions were taken unanimously. Naturally this unanimity
involved from time to time the acceptance of amendmeuts proposed

by or intended to meet the views of Mandatory Powers, the post-
ponement of consideration of matters until the Council's rapporteur
could work out au agreed text, and occasionally an abstention or
a statement of'reservations. It appears never to have been con-
tended in the Council that hlandatories which were members of
the Council did not have the right to vote.

It is clear that at least on one point concerning Mandates, the
unanimity ruli: applied. It was decided by the Council on 22 July
1922 that in the A Mandates, as well as the B and C Mandates,
any alterations of the terms would require unanimity 3.This was,
however, the only category of questions relating to Mandates on
which an expi-ess decision was taken concerning voting.

As for the participation in the Council of Mandatories which were
not members of that body, there was a gradua1 development of
practice. In the early days of the League, al1 of the Mandatories
were membeis of the Council except for the three Dominions
Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. A representative of
the "British E:mpireU sat as a permanent member of the Council,
but during the first three years of the League no special represent-

ative of a Dominion ever came to the Council. During those three
years such important decisions were taken as the adoption of a
constitution of the Permanent Mandates Commission &,the approval
of the terms of the Mandates under which the Dominions were to

League ofNations OfficiJournal,1931,p. 2341.
Ibid.pp.~~~3.2359.
LeagueoffXationçOfficial JournaSovember-Decernber1920,pp. 87-88.had been adopted so swiftly that he had no opportunity to present
his comments. The Council took note of this letter, and decided to

suspend the operation of the resolution with respect to South-.
West Africa and to re-open the discussion of the relevant part of
the Commission's report '. After a postponement of discussion
granted at the request of South Africa, that country finally declared
that it did not intend to oppose the Commission's report 2. The
Council then confirmed its earlier resolution and decided that
it should thenceforth apply with respect to South-West Africa

III. Voting in the GenernlAsse~nbly

Article 18 of the Charter provides in paragraph 2 that "Decisions
of the General Assembly on important questions"-including
various types of questions, one of which is questions relating to
the operation of the Trusteeship System-are to be made by a
two-thirds majnrity of the Members present and voting. Paragraph
3 provides that :

"Decisions on other questions, including the determination of
additional degories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds
majority, shall be made by a majority of the Memberspresent and
voting."

There is little to add to the factual information contained in the
written statement subinitted to the Court by the Governinent of
the United Stai:es of America concerning the history of the drafting
of Article 18. Article 18 as finally adopted is substantially similar
to Chapter V, Section C, of the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals4 escept
that the election ofmembers ofthe Trusteeship Council and questions
relating to the operation of the Trusteeship System were added at
the San Francisco Conference to the list of important questions

requiring a two-thirds inajority. These changes were a consequence
of the establishment of the Trusteeship System, which had not been
provided for in the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals. The changes were
recommended hy Cornmittee 1114,which dealt with thc Trusteeship
System" and mere adopted by Committee 1111,which dealt with
the structure and procedures of the General Assembly 6.

The text as thus altered was submitted to the Co-ordination

Committee. A representative in that Committee's Advisory
Committee of J'urists objected that the article failed to cnunciate
in clear and Ibroad terms what "important" questions wouid

' League of 'Jations Official Journal, rp..1694.
'Ibid.e.p. 69-70.s Official Journ,930, p. 139.
Documentsof the United Xations Conference on international Organiration
(hereafter refer?Odas"USCIO Docs."), Vol. 3, p6.
jUNCIO Docç., VolIO,pp 543. 56,.
*Ibid., Vol. 8,pp. 4SS-489.49 DOSSIER TKAKSMITTED Bi'SECRETAKY-GENERAL OF U.N.
require a two-1:hirds vote ', and the Advisory Committee of Junsts

approved a revised text 2. The Co-ordination Committee, however,
preferred the earlier version of the article, and used it as the basis
of discussion =.At the 37th meeting of the Co-ordination Committee.

"Discussion of the new phrase from Committee II/I, 'questions

relating to the operation of the Trusteeship System' brought an
understanding that the questions embraced trust agreements,
decisions on reports and cverythiiig else relating to the System."

The discussion of paragraph 3 of Article 18 was as follows :

"Mr. Robertson asked hlr. Golunsky if the third sentence raised
the possibility that, if the Assemblycould decide hy simple majority
to mmre a question up into the 'important' category, it could also
by a simple majority niove it down again ; he concluded that.
ifso, it was logically conceivable thus to amend the Charter by a
simple majority. 3Iessrs. Golunsky, Liang and the Chairman said
the text wa:jnot subject tothat interpretation."

The final ter:t of Article 18 was approved at a later meeting of
the Co-ordination Committee O. At that meeting it was made clear
that the list of important questions in paragraph z "was not an
inclusive list, and that other provisions for the two-thirds vote
did not need mention".

1 shall now turn briefly to the practice of the General Assembly
in matters of voting. In the first place, unlike the Council of the
League of Nations, the General Assembly has never had to consider
the question whether it could adopt votirig procedures different
from those laid down in the Charter if it were so provided by some
other instrument which conferred special functions on the Assembly.
The peace treaties of 1947. unlike those of 191g. were silent about

voting '. When the Assembly dealt with the question of the disposa1
of the former 1:tal;an colonies, which arose out of a peace treaty,
the President stated, without any objection, that the question was
an important one within the meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2,
of the Charter and that consequently a two-thirds majority was

' UXCIO Docs., Vol. 17, p.407.
Ibid.pp.323..
Ibid.p,. 324.
Ibid.p,. 325.
Ibid.p,. 349.
' Treaty of Peactwith ItalyAnneï XI,paru. 3 (disposaofthe Italian Colonie:)
United niations Treaty Series, Vol. 49, p. 2i5. Cf. the same treaty, Annex VI.
Art. ri (appointment of the Governor of Tries;ibid.p.,189.50 DOSSIER TKANS3iIïTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

necessary '; arnendments which received less than that vote were
considered as not adopted =.

As for its regular functions under the Charter, by the end of
1953 the General Assembly had adopted 806 resolutions ; only

t\<-elveof those were adopted by a simple majority, and the other
794 received a majority of two-thirds or more. Article 18 of the
Charter was. however, referred to only with respect to twenty of
the resolutions adopted and to about thirty-three proposals which
were not adopted because they failed to obtain the required
majority.
Special rule 1:. which is the subject of the request for an advisory

opinion now before the Court, is the only case in which the General
Assembly has ever expressly made a "determination of additional
categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority"
under Article 1:3,paragraph 3, of the Charter. Apart frorn this one
instance, the Assembly's decisions on the vote required have as.
a rule been taken with regard to individual questions, and not
with regard to categories. Such decisions have sometimes been

taken on the understanding that they did not constitute precedentsS.
However, the rules of procedure of the General Assembly provide
that three types of interna1 matters relating to the Assembly's
work require a two-thirds majority 4, thoiigh without any express.
reference to Article 18.

.Asregards South-West Africa, al1of the resolutions of the General

Assembly have received at least a two-thirds rnajority. The question
of the vote to be required was extensively debated by the General
Assembly at its second session' in connexion with the report of
the Fourth Conimittee, and finally the President's interpretation
that "this is a subject of importance rcquiring a two-thirds vote"
was sustained by a majority. On the other hand, during the fourth
session of the General Assembly, the President niled without any
challenge that the request for an advisory opinion on South-West

Africa which later came to this Court \vas a procedural matter
and could be decided by a simple majority O. The request was then
adopted by niore than a two-thirds vote.

' General Assembly, OfiiciaRecords, Third SessionPart II, Plenary Meetings.

.. .Ibid.,p.593.
For example, Ckneral Assembly, Official Records, FirstSession,Part II,
Pienary Meetings, p.1060;ibid., Sixth Session, Plen.\leetingsp.468.para. 89:
ibid., p476.para. 195.
Rules i5,19 and 83.
General Assembly, OfficialRecords, Second Session, Plenary Aleetingr.
PP. 573.648.
lbid.,Fourth Sesion, Plenaryaleetingç,. 536.paras133-137

Bilingual Content

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

PLEADINGS,ORALARGUMENTDOCUMENTS

-

VOI'INGPROCEDURE ON QUESTIONS
RELATINGTOREPORTS AND PETITIONS
CONCERNING

THETERRITORY OF SOUTH-WEST AFRICA
(ADVISORYOPINIONOF TH,1955)

COURINTERNATIONALEDE JUSTICE

MÉMOIRES,PLAIDOIRIESETDOCUMENTS

PROCÉDURE DE VOTEAPPLICABLE AUX

QUESTIONS TOUCHANT LESRAPPORTS
ETPÉTITIONSR.ELATIFSAU TERRITOIRE
DU SUD-OUESTAFRICAIN

(AVIS CONSULTATIFDU 7JUIN 195s)VOTING PROCEDURE ON QUESTIONS RELATING

TO REPORTS AND PETITIOXS COXCERXING
THE TERRITORY OF SOUTH-WEST AFRICA

PROCEDURE DE VOTE APPLICABLE AUX
QUESTIONS TOUCHANT LES RAPPORTS ET
PETITIOSS RELATIFS AU TERRITOIRE
DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIXPLEADINGS, ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUhfENTS

VOTING PROCEDURE ON QUESTIONS
RELATING TO REPORTSAND PETITIONS
CONCERNING THE TERRITORY OF

SOUTH-WESTAFRICA COUR INTERNATIONALEDE JUSTICE

PROCEDUR DE VOTE APPLICABLEAUX
QUESTIONS TOUCHANT LES RAPPORTS
ET PÉTITIONSRELATIFSAU TERRITOIRE
DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN PART 1

REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION
AND WRITTEN PROCEEDINGS

PREMIÈRE PARTIE

REQUÊTE POUR AVIS CONSULTATIF
ET PIÈCES DE LA PROCÉDURE ÉCRITE8

SECTION A.-REQUEST FOR ADVISORY

OPINION

1.-THE SECIRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS
TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF
JUSTICE

New York, 2 December 1954.

Sir,
1 have the honour to inform you that the General Assembly
of the United Nations, by a resolution adopted at its1st plenary
meeting held on 23 November 1954 in connexion with its consider-
ation of the question of South-West Africa, decided to request
the International Court of Justice to give an advisory opinion on

the following questions:
(a) 1s the following rule on the voting procedure to be followed
by the General Assembly a correct interpretation of the
Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
II July 1950 :

"Decisions of the General Asseinbly on questions relating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions
\vithiri the meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2, of the
Charter of the United Xations." ?
(b) If this interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of the Court
is not c:orrect, what voting procedure should be followed
by the General Assernbly in taking decisioiis on questions

relating to reports and petitions coriccrriing the Territory
of South-West Africa ?
One copy e:ich of the English and French texts of the afore-
mentioned resolution of the General Assembly, both duly certified,
are herein enclosed.

In accordan(:e with Article 6j of the Statute of the International
Court of Justice,shall transmit to the Court al1documents likely
to throw light upon the question, including the relevant records
of proceedingc. of the General Assembly as soon as the officia1

records are available.
Accept, Sir, the renewed assurances of my highest consideration.

(Signed) DAGHABI\IARSKJOLD,
Secretary-General.
- SECTION A. - REQUÊTE POUR AVIS
CONSULTATIF

1.- LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DES NATIONS UNIES AU
PRPSIDENT DE LA COUR INTERXATIONALE DE JUSTICE

[Traduction]
New-York, le z décembre 1954.

Monsieur le Président,
J'ai l'honneur de porter à votre connaissance que, par une
résolution adoptée à sa 501mCséance plénière.qui s'est tenue le
23 novembre 1954 pour l'examen de la question du Sud-Ouest

africain, l'Assemblée généraledes Natior~s finies a décidé de
demander à la Cour internationale de Justice un avis consultatif
sur les questions suivantes:
n) L'article ci-aprèr relaàila procédure de vote que L'Assem-
blée généraledevra suivre correspond-ilà une interprétation
exacte de l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de
Justice en date du 11 juillet 195:

<cLes décisionsde l'Assembléegénéralesur les questions
touchant les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain sont considérées commequestions
importantes au sens du paragraphe 2 dc l'articlIS de la
Charte des Kations Unies. n ?
6) Si cette interprétation de I'avis consultatif de la Cour n'est
pas exacte, quelle procédure de vote I'Asscmbléegénérale
devrait-elle suivre pour prendre des décisions surles questions
touchant les rapports et les petitions relatifs au territoire

du Sud-Ouest africain ?
Un exemplaire du texte anglais et un exemplaire du texte
français de la résolution ci-dessus mentionnée de l'Assemblée
générale, tous deux dûment certifiés conformes, sont transmis
sous ce pli.
Conformément à l'article 65 du Statut de la Cour internationale
de Justice, je transmettrai à la Cour tous documents pouvant
servir à élucider la question, y compris les comptes rendus des
séancesde l'Assemblée générald eèsque les comptes rendus officiels
seront disponibles.

Vcuillez. agréer, etc.

(Si:iré) D.ic HAIIZIARSKJOLD.
Secrétaire général.9 REQIIEST FOR ADVISORY OPlSlOS (2 XII 54)

II.-RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL
ASSERIi3L.YAT ITS 501s~ PLENARY MEETING ON

23 NOVEMBER 1954
[ADOITED \VITHOUT REFERENCE TO A COMMITTEE l (A/L.I~S)]

The GetzeralAssembly,
Hauing accepted,by resolution &g A (V) of 13 December 1950,
the Advisory Opinion of the Internationalcourt ofJusticeof II July
1950 nith respect to South-\Vest Africa,

Hauirigregard,in particzilar,tothe Court's opinion on the general
question, namely, "that South-West Africa is a temtory under
the international Mandate assumed by the Union of South Africa
on 17 Decemher ~gzo", and to the Court's opinion on question
(a), iiamely, "that the Union of South Africa continues to have
the international obligations stated in Article zz of the Covenant

of thc League of Nations and in the Mandate for South-West
Africa as wcll as the obligation to transmit petitions from the
inhabitants of that Territory, the supervisory functions to be exer-
cised by the Giiited Nations, to which the annual reports and the
petitions are to be submitted, and the reference to the Permanent
Court of International Justice to be replaced by a reference to
the International Court of Justice, in accordance with Article 7
of the Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of the Court ;",

Haui~igexprzssed, in resolution 749 A (VIII) of 28 November
1953, its opinion "that without United Nations supervision the
inhabitants of the Territory are deprivecl of the international
supervision envisaged by the Covenûnt of the League of Nations"
and its belief "that it would not fulfil its obligation towards the

inhabitants of South-West Africa if it were not to assume the
supervisory resl~onsibilities with regard to the Territory of South-
West Africa which were formerly exercised by the League of
Nations",
Having rega~d to the opinion of the International Court of
Justice that "the degree of supervision to be exercised by the

General .4ssembly should not ....exceed that which applied under
the btandates System, and should conform as far as possible to
the procedure follo\lredin this respect by the Council of the League
of Xations" and that "these observations are particularly applic-
able to annual reports and petitioiis",
Hauing adopted, by resolution 844 (IX) of II October 19542,
a special rule F'on the voting procedure to be followed by the

' Aclopteddiirinthe discussion in plenary meetinpart IIoftlie reporof
the FourtliCoinniitteeon the questionof Soutli-\\'eAfrica(,+/?747/:\dd.t).

' Scc :\/R~sorurios/.oi. II.- RÉSOLUTION ADOPTÉE PAR L'ASSEMBLÉE
GÉNÉRALE A SA 501me SEANCE PLÉNIÈRE
LE 23 NOVEMBRE 1954

[ADOPTÉE SANS RENVOI A UNE COMMISSION '.(A/L.178)1

L'Assembléegénérale,

Ayant acce$té,par sa résolution 449A (V) du 13 décembre 1950.
l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice relatif au
Sud-Ouest africain, rendu le II juillet 1950,

Eu égard,en particulier, à l'avis de la Cour sur la question en
général, à savoir «que le Sud-Ouest africain est un territoire
soumis au Mandat international assumépar l'union sud-africaine
le 17 dEcembre 1920 11,et à l'avis de la Cour en ce qui concerne
la question a), à savoir : rque l'union sud-africaine continue à

êtresoumise aux obligations internationales énoncéesà l'article 22
du Pacte de la Société desNations et au Mandat pour le Sud-
Ouest africain ainsi qu'à l'obligation de transmettre les pétitions
des habitants de ce Temtoire, les fonctions de contrôle devant
êtreexercéespar les Nations Unies auxquelles les rapports annuels
et les pétitions devront être soumis, et la référenceà la Cour
permanente de Justice internationale devant être remplacée par

la référenceà la Cour internationale de Justice, conformément
à l'article 7 du Mandat et à l'article 37 du Statut de la Cour; »,
Ayalit déclaréd ,ans la résolution 749 A (VIII) du 28 novembre
1953. qu'elle considère «qu'en l'absence d'un contrôle de l'Orga-
nisation des Nations Unies, les habitants du Territoire sont privés

du contrôle international prévu par le Pacte de la Société des
Nations >Iet qu'elle estime equ'elle manquerait à ses obligations
envers les habitants du Sud-Ouest africain si elle n'assumait pas,
à l'égardde ce Territoire, les fonctions de contrôle précédemment
exercées par la Sociétédes Nations ri,

Eu égardà l'avis de la Cour internationale de Justice selon
lequel K le degréde surveillance à exercer par l'Assembléegénérale
ne saurait ...dépasser celui qui a étéappliqué sous le régime
des Mandats ct devrait êtrecoriforine, autant que possible, à la
procédure suivie en la matière par le Conseil de la Sociétédes
Nations IIet cces observations s'appliquent en particulier aux

rapports annuels et aux pétitions ID,
Ayant adopté,par sa résolutionS44 (IX) du II octobre 195qg,
un article spécial F quant à la procédure de vote que l'Assemblée

1 H6soIution adoptau coursde la discussion en séancepléndeladeuxieme
partidu rapportdela Quatrieme Commission sur la question du Sud-Ouest africain
(r\/z7+7/Add.f).
2 VoirA/R~so~urlos/2or.IO HEQUEST FOR ADVISOKY OPISION (2 XII 54)
General Assenibly in taking decisions on questions relating to

reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-West
Ainca,
Ha~~ina gdofitedthis rule in a desire "to apply, as far as possible,
and pending the conclusion of an agreement between the United
Nations and the Union of South Africa, the procedure followed in
that respect b!i the Council of the League of Nations".

Considering that some elucidation of the advisory opinion is
desirable,

Reqi~eslsthe International Court of Justice to give an advisory
opinion on the following questions :
(a) 1s the following mle on the voting procedure to be foliolved
by the General Assembly a correct interpretation of the

Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
11 July 1950:
"Dei:isions of the General Assembly on questions relating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as importrnt questions
withiri the meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2, of the
Charter of the United Nations." ?

(b) If this interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of the Court
is not correct, what voting procedure should be followed by
the Gent:ral Assembly in taking decisions on questions
relating IO reports and petitions concerning the Territory
of South-\\'est .4frica?

Certified triic copy :

(Siglted) C. A. ST.IVROPOULOS,
Principal Director in charge
of the Lcgal 1)epartmerit. REQUET EOUR AVIS CONSULTATIF (2 XII 54) IO
généraledevra suivre dans ses décisionssur les questions touchant

les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au Temtoire du Sud-Ouest
africain,
Ayant adoptéledit article dans le désir I<d'appliquer, autant que
possible et jusqu'à la conclusion d'un accord entre l'organisation
des Nations Unies et l'union sud-africaine, la procédure suivie

en la matière par le Conseil de la Sociétédes Nations in,
Considérantqu'il est souhaitable d'obtenir des bclaircissernents
sur l'avis consultatif de la Cour,

Demande à la Cour internationale de Justice un avis consultatif
sur les questions suivantes :
a) L'article ci-après relatià la procédure de vote que l'Assem-
bléegénéraledevra suivre correspond-il à une interprétation

exacte de l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de
Justice en date du Ir juillet1950 :
cLes décisionsde l'Assemblée généralseur les questions
touchant les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au Territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain sont considérées commequestions
importantes au sens du paragraphe 2 de l'article 18 de la

Charte des Nations Unies. P?
b) Si cette interprétation de l'avis consultatif de la Cour n'est
pas exacte, quelle procédure de vote l'Assembléegénérale
devrait-elle suivre pour prendre des décisionssur les questions
touchant les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au Territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain ?

Copie certifiée conforme :

(Signé C). A. STAVROPOULO~,
Directeur principal chargé
du Département juridique.

I- décembre 1954II

SECTION B.-DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY THE

SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED

NATIONS (ART. 6j, PARA. 2, OF THE STATUTE)

:PART 1.-INTRODUCTORY NOTE

1

1. On 2 Decemher 1954, the Secretary-General informed the
President of the International Court of Justice that, by a resolution
adopted at its 5oxst plenary meeting held on 23 November 1954.
the General Aijsembly decided to request the International Court
ofJustice to give an advisory opinionregarding the voting procedure
on questions relating to reports and petitions concerning theTeki-
tory of South'iVest Africa.

2. The full text of GeneralAssembly resolution go4 (IX) contain-
ing the request, is as follows:

"The GeaeralAssembly,
Hauing irccepted,by resolution 449A (1')of 13 December 1950,
the Advisos. Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
II July 1950 with respect to South-West Africa,
Having regard, iiz parlicidar, to the Court's opinion on the
general question, namely, 'that South-West Africa is a territory
Africa on IDecember 17th. 1920', and to the Court's opinion on
question (a), namely, 'that the Union of South Africa continues
to have the international obligations stated in Articlezz of the
Covenant of the League of Nations and in the Mandate for South-
West Africa as well as the obligation to transmit petitions from
the inhabitants of that Territory, the supervisory functions to
be exercised by the United Nations. to which the annual reports
and the petitions are to be submitted, and the reference to the
Permanent Court of International Justice to be replaced by a
reference to the International Court of Justice. in accordance
with Article 7 of the Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of
the Court',
Having cxpressed, in resolution 749 A (VIII) of 28 November
l9j3, its opinion 'that without United Nations supervision the
inhabitants of the Territory are deprived of the international
supervision envisaged by the Covenant of the League of Nations'
inhabitants of South-West Africa if it were not to assumeowarthethe
supervisory responsibilities with regard to the Territory of South-
West Africa which were formerly esercised by the League of
Sations',
Having i,egard to the opinion of the International Court of
Justice that 'the degree of supervision to be esercised by theSECTION B. - DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE

SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DES NATIONS UNIES

(ART. 6y, PAR. 2, DU STATUT)

PREMIÈRE PARTIE. - INTRODUCTION

1

1. Le 2 décembre 1954. le Secrétaire général a informé le Prési-
dent de la Cour internationale de Justice que, par une résolution
adoptée à sa 501meséance plénière, le 23 novembre 1954,l'Assem-
bléegénéraleavait décidéde demander à la Cour internationale de
Justice un avis consultatif sur la procédure devote que l'Assemblée
devra suivre sur les questions touchant les rapports et les pétitions
relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain.

2.Le texte complet de la résolution 904 (IX) par laquelle l'As-
semblée généralea décidéde consulter la Cour est le suivant :

<L'Assembléegénérale,
Ayant accepté,par sa résolution 449A (V), du 13 décembre 1950,
l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice relatif au
Sud-Ouest africain, rendu le II juillet 1950.
Eu égard, en$arliculier,à l'avis de la Cour sur la question en
général,à savoir «que le Sud-Ouest africain est un territoire soumis
au Mandat international assumépar l'Union sud-africaine le 17 dé-
cembre 1920 r,et à l'avis de la Cour en ce qui concerne la question
a), à savoirsque l'Union sud-africaine continuà êtresoumise aux
obligations internationales énoncéesà l'articl22 du Pacte de la
Société desNations et au Mandat pour le Sud-Ouest africain ainsi
qu'à l'obligation de transmettre les pétitions des habitants de ce
Territoire, les fonctions de contrôle devant êtreexercéespar les
Nations Unies auxquelles les rapports annuels et les pétitions
devront êtresoumis. et la référencàla Cour permanente de Justice
internationale devant être remplacée par la référence à la Cour
internationale de Justice, conformémentà l'article 7 du Mandat et
à l'article 37 du Statut de la Coua,

Ayant déclaré,dans la résolution 749 A (VIII), du 28 novembre
1953, qu'elle consid6ra qu'en l'absence d'un contrble de I'Organi-
sation des Nations Unies, les habitants du Territoire sont privés
du contrôle international prévu par le Pacte de la Société ,des
Nations n et qu'elle estimen qu'elle manquerait à ses obligations
envers les habitants du Sud-Ouest africain si elle n'assumait pas.
à l'égard dece Territoire, les fonctions de contrôle précédemment
exercéespar la Sociétédes Nations n,
Eu égard à l'avis de la Cour internationale de Justice selon
lequel le degréde surveillance à exercer par l'Assembléegénérale12 DOSSIER 'TRASS>IITTED BY SECRETARY-CEh'ERA OLF U.K.

General Asjemblv should not .... exceed that which aoolied..nder
tlie .\landatei Sybtçm. :iiiislioiild coiiform as far :is possible to
the procediire folloived iiithis respect hy the Couricilof tlie I.zngue
of Nations' and tlint'these ohser\~:itionsrire ~articular,v ..n~lical~lt.
to annual reports and petitions',
Hauing adopted, by resolution 844 (IX) of II October 1954,
a special rule F on tlie voting procedure to be followed by the
General Assembly in taking decisions on questions relating to
reports and petitions concerning the Territory of Soutli-\\'est
Africa,
Having adoptedthis rule in a desire 'to apply, as far as possible,
and pending the conclusion of an agreement between the United
Nations and the Union of South Africa, tlie procedure followed
in that respect by the Council of the League of Nations',
Considering that some elucidation of the advisory opinion is
desirable,
Requesls the International Court of Justice to give an adrisory
opinion on the following questions :
following rule on the voting procedure to be
followed bv the General Assembly a correct interpretation

of the Ad;sory Opinion of the International Court of Justice
of II July 1950 :
'Decisions of the General Assembly on questionsrelating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
\\:est Africa shall be regarded as important questions
wirhin the meaning of Article 18,paragraph 2, of the
Charter of the United Nations.'?
(b) If this interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of the
Court is not correct, what roting procedure should be followed
by the General .Assembly in taking decisions on questions
relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of
South-West Africa ?"

3. The present dossier contains the documents likely, in the
o~inion of -h~~ ~cretarv-G2ne~ ~. to throw lie-t uoon the uuestions
upon which an opinion is requested. These documents have becn
certified to be Final official records of the United Nations or true
copies therefroni and are transmittcd to the Court by the Secretary-

General of the United Nations in accordance with Article 65 of the
Statute of the Court.
4. Each document or extract therefrom is identified by title and,

where applicabl,:, official United Nations symbol. Wherever possible,
a citation is also given to the \,olurne and page where the document
may be found in the official records of the United Nations. In addi-
tion to the official identification, the documents. for convenience
in use, have been numbered consecutively in the order in which
thev anvear in the dossier1. A comulete list of the documents mav
be fouii in the table of contents.

1 Referenccç to documeiitsiiithis lntroductorySote are ùased on this systein
of numbering. DOSSIER TRAXSMIS PAR LE SECR~TAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 12

ne saurait ...dépasser celui qui a été appliquésous le régimedes
mandats et devrait être conforme, autant que possible,à la procédure
suivie en la matière par le Conseil de la Sociétédes Nations D et
«ces observations s'appliquent en particulier aux rapports annuels
et aux pétitions n,
Ayant adopté,par sa résolution 844 (IX), du II octobre 1954.
un article spécialF quant à la procédure de vote que l'Assemblée
générale devra suivredans ses décisionssur les questions touchant
les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest
africain,
Ayant adoptéledit article dans le désir ud'appliquer, autant que
possible et jusqu'à la conclusion d'un accord entre l'organisation
des Nations Unies et l'Union sud-africaine, la procédure suivie en
la matière par le Conseil de la Société des Nations D,
Considérantqu'il est souhaitable d'obtenir des éclaircissements
sur l'avis consultatif de la Cour,
Demande à la Cour internationale de Justice un avis consultatif
sur les questions suivantes :
na) L'article ci-après relatif à la procédure de vote que
l'Assembléegénéraledevra suivre correspond-il une inter-
prétation exacte de l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale
de Justice en date du II juillet 1950:
« Les décisionsde l'Assembléeeénéralesur les questions
toucliant les rapports et les péticons relatifs au Territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain sont considCr(.escomme questions
importantes au sens du paragraphe 2 de l'article 18 de
la Charte des Nations Unies. u?

b) Si cette interprétation de l'avis consultatif de la Cour
n'est pas exacte, quelle procédure de vote l'Assembléegénérale
devrait-elle suivre pour prendre des décisionssur les questions
touchant les ra ports et les pétitions relatifs au Territoire
du Sud-Ouest akicain ? n
3. Le présent dossier contient les pièces qui, de l'avis du Secré-
taire général,peuvent servir à élucider les questions sur lesquelles
l'Assemblée générale a demandé l'avis de la Cour. Le Secrétaire

généralcertifie que ces pièces sont les documents officiels de l'Orga-
nisation des Nations Unies, sous leur formedéfinitive, ou des copies
authentiques desdits documents et il les transmet à la Cour, confor-
mément aux dispositions de l'article 65 de son Statut.

4. Chaque document et chaque extrait de document porte un
titre et, le cas échéant, la cote officieue de l'organisation. Chaque
fois qu'il a étépossible de le faire. on a indiqué le volume et la page
des documents officiels de l'organisation où figure le document. En
outre. uour faciliter les recherches. les pièces ont été numérotées
selon'l'Ôrdre dans lequel elles figurent au dossier 1.On trouvera dans
la table des matières la liste complète des documents.

1 Dans la prhsente introduction, les pieces auxquelrenvoy6esont indiquees
par leur numero.
213 DOSSIER TRAXSAllTTED BY SECRETARP-GEKERAL OF U.N.

j. The dossierconsists of nine sectionswhich contain, respectively,
relevant extracts :rom :
1. Recoins of the General Assemhly, Fifth Session, 1950.

II. Records of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Afnca.
'951.
III. Records of the General Assembly, Sixth Session, 1951-1952.

IV. Records of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa,
'952.
V. Records of the General Assembly, Seventh Session, 1952.

VI. Records of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa,
1953.
VII. Records of the General Assembly, Eighth Session, 1953.

VIII. Records of the Committee on South-West Africa, 1954.
IX. Records of the General Assembly, Ninth Session, 1954.

6. Part II of this Introductory Note surveys the documentation
included in the dossier relating to the action taken by the General
Assembly and its subsidiary bodies with respect to the question of
South-West Africa since the Assembly's fifth session in 1950.
Part III refers in greater detail to the documentation bearing on
the discussions and decisions taken by the General Assembly and
its cornmittees on South-West Africa since 1950. with respect to

the question oi-'the voting procedure to be applied by the General
Assembly in considering reports and petitions concerning the Terri-
tory of South-West Africa.

II

7. Acting in pursuance of a request from the General Assembly
contained in resolution 338 (IV) of 6 December 1949, the Inter-
national Court ofJusticegave, on II July 1950.its Advisory Opinion
on the 1nterna.tional Status of South-West Africa. In connexion
with the Asseinbly's request, the Secretary-General transmitted
to the Court extensive documentation relating to the setting up
and the functioning of the Mandates System of the League of
Nations, the esrablishment of the International Tmsteeship System
at the United Nations Conference on International Organization
held in San Francisco in 1945. and the deliherations of United
Nations organs on the question of South-West Africa, up to and
including the fourth regular session of the General Assembly.

8. In an oral statement made at the public sittings of the Court,
of 16 and 17 hIay 1950 (1.C. J. Pleadings, International Status 5. Le dossier se compose de neuf sections qui contiennent les
extraits pertinents des documents suivants :

1. Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale,cinquième
session, 1950.
II. Documents du Comité spécialdu Sud-Ouest africain, 1951.

III. Documents officiels de l'Assembléegénérale,sixième ses-
sion, 1951-1952.
IV. Documents du Comitéspécialdu Sud-Ouest africain, 1952.

V. Documents officielsde l'Assembléegénérale,septième ses-
sion, 1952.
VI. Documents du Comitéspécialdu Sud-Ouest africain, 1953.

VII. Documents officielsde I'AssembMegénérale,huitiémeses-
sion. 1953.
VIII. Documents du Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain, 1954.
IX. Documents officielsde l'Assemblée générale, neuvième ses-
sion, 1954.

6.Dans la deuxièmepartie de la présenteintroduction, il est fait
mention des piècesdu dossier qui concernent les décisions quel'As-
sembléegénéraleet ses organes subsidiaires ont prises à propos de
la question du Sud-Ouest africain depuis la cinquième session de
l'Assemblée,en 1950. La troisième partie se rapporte, avec plus de
détail, aux piècesqui concernent les débats que l'Assembléegené-
raie et ses comitésdu Sud-Ouest africain ont consacrésdepuis 1950
à la question de la procédure de vote que doit suivre l'Assemblée
généralepour l'examen des rapports et des pétitions relatifs au
Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain, et aux décisionsque ces organes
ont prises sur cette question depuis cette époque.

II

7. Donnant suite à la demande que l'Assemblée générallu ei avait
adresséepar sa résolution 338 (IV), du 6 décembre 1949, la Cour
internationale de Justice a rendu, lII juillet 1950,un avis consul-
tatif sur le statut international du Sud-Ouest africain. Le Secré-
taire générallui avait communiqué, à propos de cette demande, une
abondante documentation relative à l'institution et au fonctionne-
ment du régimedes mandats de la Société desNations, à I'institu-
tion du rkgime international de tutelleà la Conférencedes Nations
Unies sur l'organisation internationale, tenue à San-Francisco en
1945, et aux débats que les organes des Nations Unies avaient
consacrés à la question du Sud-Ouest africain jusques ety compris
la quatrième session ordinaire de l'Assemblée générale.

8. Au cours d'un exposéqu'il a fait les 16 et 17 mai 1950 à des
audiences publiques de la Cour (C. I. J., Mémoire s,atut inter-14 DOSSIER TIIANSAIITTED BY SECKETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

of South-West Africa, pp. 160-z38), the representative of the Secre-
tary-General outlined the ~rigin and the development of the
question of South-West Afnca before ;!le organs of the United

Nations. He analysed some of the legal issues raised by the General
Assembly's request for an advisory opinion, in the light, particu-
larly, of the international status of the Territory of South-West
Africa prior to the dissolution of the League of Nations, the obliga-
tions of the mandatory Powers under the League's Mandates
System and the dissolution of the League. He also commented on
the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations and
on the question of the competence to determine and modify the
international status of the Territory.

9. The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice of
II July 1950 \vas accepted by the General Assembly by resolution
449 A (V) of 13 December 1950 (document number II). By the
same resolution the General Assembly urged the Government of
the Union of South Africa to take the necessary steps to give effect
to the Court's opinion, "incliiding the transmission of reports on

the administration of the Temtory of South-West Africa and of
petitions from communities or sections of the population of the
Temtory", and established an Ad Hoc Committee on South-
West Africa, comprising five Members of the United Nations, to
confer with the Union of South Africa concerning the procedural
measures necessary for implementing the advisory opinion. The
Ad Hoc Committee was authorized "as an interim measure, pending
the completion of its task ....and as far as possible in accordance
with the procedure of the former Mandates System, to examine
the report on the administration of the Territory of South-West

Africa coverinl; the period since the last report,as well as petitions
and any other matters relating to the Territory that may be trans-
mitted to the Secretary-General, and to submit a report thereon
to the ...General Assembly" l.
IO. Section 1of the dossier contains documents (including reports.

records of disci~ssions,proposals and decisions) of the fifth session
of the General Assembly which relate to the adoption of resolution
449 (W.
II. During the period between the adoption of resolution 449
(V) and the opening of the sixth session of the General Assembly.

the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa discussed with repre-
' In another part of the resol(449B (V)). the General Assembly reiterated
ils previous resolutians relating to the placing of the Territory of South-West
Afriea under the International Trusteeship System and stated "that the normal
way ofmodifying the international statur of the Temitory \vould be to place it
under the Trusteeship System by means of a Trusteeship Agreement in accordance
with the provisions of Chapter Xll of the Charter" Sirnilarprovisions were adopted
ofyits regular sessionstoand including the ninth session.t Africa at each DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECHETAIRE GENERAL DE L'O.N.U.
14
national du Sud-Ouest africain, pp. 160-238). le représentant du
Secrétaire général a décrilt'origine et l'évolutionde la question du

Sud-Ouest africain devant les organes des Nations Unies. 11a ana-
lysé un certain nombre des questions juridiques que posait la
demande d'avis consultatif formuléepar l'Assemblée générale, à la
lumière, notamment, du statut intematio-l du Temtoire du Sud-
Ouest africain avant la dissolution de la Sociétédes Nations, des
obligations que le régimedes mandats de la SDN imposait aux Puis-

sances mandataires et de la dissolution de la SDN. 11a présenté
aussi des observations sur les dispositions applicables de la Charte
des Nations Unies et sur la question de la compétencepour déter-
miner et modifier le statut international du Territoire.

9. Par sa résolution 449A (V) du 13 décembre 1950 (pièceII).
l'Assembléegénérale a acceptéI'avis consultatif de la Cour inter-
nationale de Justice du II juillet 1950. Par la même résolution,
l'Assemblée générale a invité instamment le Gouvernement de

I'G'nionsud-africaine à prendre les mesures nécessairespour donner
effet à l'avis de la Cour, «notamment à transmettre des rapports sur
I'administration du Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain. ainsi que les
pétitions émanant de communautés ou d'éléments dela population
du Territoire i,;eue a créé enoutre un Comitéspécial'duSud-Ouest
africain composéde cinq Membres des Nations Unies, chargé de
conféreravec l'Union sud-africaine au sujet des mesures de procé-
,
dure nécessaires pour mettre en Œuvre l'avis consultatif. Elle a
autoriséle Comitéspécial, à titre de mesure intérimaire, en atten-
dant qu'il termine [sa] tâche ....à examiner, en suivant dans toute
la mesure du possible la procédure del'ancien régime desmandats,
le rapport sur l'administration du Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain
pour la période écouléd eepuis le dernier rapport, ainsi que les péti-

tions et toutes autres questions relatives au Temtoire qui pourront
êtresoumises au Secrétaire générale ,t à présenter un rapport à ce
sujet à l'Assemblée généra ...)I'.

IO. La sectio~i1du dossier contient les documents de la cinquième
session de l'Assemblée générale(rapports, comptes rendus des
débats, propositions et décisions)qui se rapportent à l'adoption de
la résolution449 (V).

II. Dans l'intervalle qui s'est écouléentre l'adoption de la réso-
lution 449 (V) et l'ouverture de la sixième session de l'Assemblée
générale,le Comité spécialdu Sud-Ouest africain a examiné avec

' Dans un autre paçsagc de la rdsolution (qqg H (V)). l'Assemblée générale
réitéraisesr6solutions antérieures parlesquelles elle avait reconimandéde placer
le Territoire du Sud-Ouest africainle régimeinternational dc tutelle et déclarait
1que le procéd0normal par modifierIc statuintcrnational du Territoire consis-
dertutelleconclulconformémentgaux dispositionsdudchapitre XII de la ChartD.
.4chacune de ses sessions ordinaires, y comprlaneuvième session. 1'.4ssemblée
oénéralea adoptéder dispositions somblableç dans certains passase ses résolu-
tions ?dativeai!Sud-Ouest africain.15 DOSSIER TRANS31ITïED BY SECRETARY-GEXERAL OF U.X.
sentatives of the Union of South Africa varions aspects of the
procedural nieasures necessary for implementing the advisory
opinion of the International Court of Justice. A proposal of the
Government of the Union was found unacceptable by the Ad Hoc

Committee because it did not allow for the full implementation of
the advisory opinion which had becn accepted by the General
Assembly, tht: South African proposal containing, in particular, no
provision for the supervision of the administration of the Territory
of South-West Africa by the United Nations. A counter-proposa1
of the Ad Hoc Committee was not accepted by the Union of South
Africa as a basis of further discussion as, in the opinion of the
Government of the Union, it would have inter aliathe effect of
imposing on the Union obligations even more extensive than those
implicit in the Mandates System (document number 16, pp. z and
following). The Government of the Union stated in particular
that in the circumstances it was unable to accept the principle of

submission of reports to the United Nations on theadministration
of the Territory (document 15).
xz. The report of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa
to the sixth session of the General Assembly and the summary

records of several of the meetings of the Committee are contained
in Section II of the dossier.
13. By resolution 570 (VI) adopted by the General Assembly on
xg January 1952 (document number 17). the Assembly inter alia
reconstituted the Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Africa until

the following session with terms of reference similar to its previous
ones '. The Assembly solemnly appealed to the Government of
South Africa 1.reconsider its position and urged it to resume nego-
tiations with the Ad Hoc Committee for the purpose of concluding
an agreement providing for the full implementation of the advisory
opinion of the International Court of Justice, and to submit to the
United Nations reports on the administration of the Territory of
South-West Africa and petitions from communities or sections of
the population of the Temtory. The Assembly also declared that.
since the Govi:rnment of the Union of South Africa could not avoid
its international obligations by unilateral action, the United
Nations could not recognize as valid any measures taken unilater-
ally by the Union which would modify the international status of

the Territory of South-iVest Africa.

14. Section III of the dossier contains the report of the Fourth
Comniittee to the General Assembly on the consideration of this

item and the text of resolution 570 (VI).
The representative ofthe Covernment af tlic Union of South Africa cxpressed
latcr the opinion that tlie terms of refçrence gave to the Coangreater
Intitiide than previo(see<locuineNo. 32.page j.paragrap!~ rj).des représentants de l'union sud-africaine divers aspects des mesu-
res de procédurenécessairespour mettre enŒuvre l'avis consultatif
de la Cour internationale de Justice. Il a jugéinacceptableune pro-
position du Gouvernement de l'union qui ne prévoyait pas la mise
en Œuvre intégrale de l'avis consultatif accepté par l'Assemblée
généraleet ne contenait en particulier aucune disposition relative au
contrôle de l'administration du Temtoire du Sud-Ouest africain par
l'organisation des Nations Unies. Le Comité spéciala présentéune
u
contre-proposition que I'l.nioii sud-;ifric3irien'a pasacccptGecomme
h--.. I-.!dis.~~~~~in fut~-re, I~ ~uu\.ernement de l'Union estimant
qu'elle aurait notamment pour effet d'imposer à l'Union des obli-
gations plus étendues encore que celles qui découlaient du régime
des mandats (pièce 16, pp. 2 et suivantes). Le Gouvernement de
l'Union a déclaréen particulier qu'étant donnéles circonstances, il
ne pouvait accepter le principe de la présentation, aux Nations
Unies, de rapports concernant l'administration du Territoire

(pièce15).

12. Le rapport du Comité spécialdu Sud-Ouest africain à la

sixièmesession de l'Assemblée générale ainq siue les comptes rendus
analytiques de plusieurs des séancesdu Comité figurent dans la
section IIdu dossier.

13. Par sa résolution 570 (VI) adoptée le 19 janvier 1952 (pièce
17), l'Assemblée générale a notamment constitué à nouveau le
Comité spécialdu Sud-Ouest africain jusqu'à la session suivante en
lui conférant un mandat semblable au précédent '.L'Assembléea
adresséun appel solennel au Gouvernement de l'Union sud-africaine
pour qu'il reconsidère sonattitude et l'a priéinstamment de repren-
dre les négociations avec le Comité spécialafin de parvenir à un
accord donnant pleinement effet àl'avis consultatif de la Cour inter-
nationale de Justice, ainsi que de présenter à l'organisation des

Nations Unies des rapports sur l'administration du Temtoire du
Sud-Ouest africain et les pétitions émanant de communautés ou
d'élémentsde la population du Territoire. L'Assembléea déclar-5
également que, le Gouvernement de l'Union sud-africaine ne pou-
vant se soustraire à ses obligations internationales par une décision
unilatérale, l'organisation des Nations Unies ne pouvait reconnaître
la validité d'aucune mesure prise unilatéralement par l'union qui
modifierait le statut international du Territoire du Sud-Ouest
africain.

14. La section III du dossier contient le rapport adressépar la
Quatrième Commission A l'Assembléegénéralesur la discussion de
ce point, ainsi que le texte de la résolution 570 (VI).

'Le representant du Gouvernement sud-africain a soutenu. pla suiteque
Lemandat donnait au Comité une latitude plus grande qu'auparav(voirpièce
32,page 3, paragraphe15).16 DOSSlEK TKANS>lITTED BY SECKETARY-GENEK OAL U.X.

15. Ptirsuarit to resolution 570 (VI), the Ad Hoc Committee
continued, in the course of952, to confer with the Government of
the Union of South Africa on the means of implementing the advis-
ory opinion of the Intemational Court of Justice. While the con-
sultationsrevealed that there was agreement on Mme points, the
Committee reported to the General Assembly that the consulta-
tions had not been conclusive and that the fundamental diver-
gences that precluded an agreement in 1951 stiu remained un-
resolved (document number 19).

16. The General Assembly at its seventh session, by resolution
651 (VII), decided to postpone the consideration of the question
until the eighi:h session, and requested the Hoc Cornmittee to
continue its activities on the same basis as before (document
number 20).

17.Sections IV and V of the dossier contain the report of the
Ad Hoc Comniittee and the summary record of its 30th meeting as
weli as the telt of resolutio651 (VII) of the General Assembly.

18.In its n:port to the ei~hth session of the Geiieral Assembly
(document nuinber 22).th<.:ïd Hoc Coinmittee rufcrretl tu furtliek

~(~nsiiltatioiiswliitIiild \rith the rei)rcsciitariv<: of th(: G»\.erii-
ment of the Union, without progress having been achieved. The
Govemrnent of the Union indicated that it had not accepted
the opinion of the Court, which wasmerely advisory, and took the
position, in particular, that it \vas impossible to devise any arrange-
ment whereby the Govemment of the Union of South Afr~ca
would be accountable to the United Nations for its administration
of S0uth-\4~est Africa without extendingits obligations. The Ad
Hoc Committee stated that it had to abide by its terms of reference
and seek mearis of implementing the Court's opinion, withivhich
the proposals made by the Union Government were inconsistent.

19.The report of the Ad Hoc Committee on South-\t'est Africa
ta the eighth session of the General Assembly, as well as the siim-
mary records of its 38th meeting, are contained in Section VI of the
dossier.
20.In the light of the reports which the Ad Hoc Committee
submitted to it in9j1and 1952 ,he General Assembly adopted at
its eighth session a resolution which initiated a somewhat different

approach to the question. Expressing in resolution 749 (VIII)
(document nurnber 33) its deep regret at the continuing refusal of
the Governmeiit of the Union to assist in the implementation of
the advisory opinion of the InternationalCourt of Justice, the
Assembly recalled and reaffirmed the conclusion of the Court that
the Temtory ofSouth-West Africa \vas a territory under intema-
tional Mandate and that, consequently, the Union of South Africa DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECRETAIRE GÉSÉRAL DE L'O.S.U. 16

15. Conformément à la rbolution 570 (VI), le Comité spéciala
continué, an cours de 1952,à conférer avec le Gouvernement de
l'Union sud-africaine sur les moyens de mettre en Œuvre l'avis
consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice. Bien que ces échan-
ges de vues eussent montréque l'accord existait sur certains points,
le Comité a informé l'Assembléegénérale qu'ilsn'avaient permis
d'aboutirà aucune conclusion et que les divergences fondamentales
qui avaient empêchéde réaliser unaccord en1951subsistaient tou-

jours (pièc19).
16. A sa septième session, l'Assembléegénéralea décidé,par sa
résolution651 (VII), d'ajourner l'examen de la question du Sud-
Ouest africainàsa huitième session et a invité le Comité spéàial
poursuivre ses travaux sur la mêmebase que précédemment (pièce
20).

17. Les sectionsIV et V du dossier contiennent le rapport du
Comité spécialet le compte rendu analytique de la 30"Ieséancedu
Comitéainsi que le texte de la résoluti651 (VII)de l'Assemblée
générale.

18. Dans son rappoi t à la huitième session de l'Assembléegéné-
rale (pièc22),le Comité spéciala relatéde nouveaux échangesde
vues qu'il avait eus avec les représentants du Gouvernement de
l'union et qui n'avaient permis d'enregistrer aucun progrès.Le Gou-
vernement de l'Union a indiquéqu'il n'avait pas accepté l'avis dela
Cour, avis purement consultatif, et il a soutenu notamment qu'il lui
était impossible de concevoir un systèmegrâce auquel le Gouverne-.
ment de l'Union sud-africaine rendrait compte l'ONU de son
administration du Sud-Ouest africain, sans que ses obligations en
fussent étenduesLe Coniité spéciala déclaréqu'il devait se confor-
mer à son mandat et rechercher lesmoyens de mettre en Œuvrel'avis

de la Cour, avec lequel les propositions du Gouvernement de l'Union
étaient inconciliables.
rg. Le rapport du Comité spécialdu Sud-Ouest africain à la
huitième session de l'Assembléegénérale ainsique le compte rendu
analytique de la38mc séancedu Comité figurentdans la section VI
du dossier.

20. A la suite des rapports que le Comité spéciaivait soumis
en 1951 et en 1952 .'Assembléegénérale aadopté, àsa huitième
session, une résolutiondans laquelle elle envisageait la question sous
lin angle un peu different. Exprimant. dans sa résol749(VIII)
(pièce33). son profond regret devant le refus constant du Gouverne-
ment de l'Union d'aider à la mise en Œuvre de l'avis consultatif
rendu par la Cour internationale de Justice, l'Assembléea rappelé
et réaffirméla conclusion de la Couà,savoir que le Temtoire du

Sud-Ouest africain était un territoire sous Mandat international et
qu'en conséquenceI'Union sud-africaine continuaià êtresoumise DOSSIER TRASSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GESERAL OF U.K.
17
continued to have certain international obligations resulting from
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and from the
Mandate, the supervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations, to \srhichannual reports and petitions were to be submitted.

21. The new approach was based on the consideration that
without United Nations supervision the inhabitants of the Territory
were deprivecl of the international supervision envisaged by the
Covenant of the League of Nations and the belief that the Assem-
bly would not fulfil its obligations towards them if it were not ta
assume the s~pervisory responsibilities which were formerly eser-
cised by the League of Nations. Therefore the Assembly established
"until such time as an agreement is reached between the United

Nations and the Union of South Afnca" a new Committee on
South-West Africa consisting of seven members, and requested it :

"(a) To examine, within the scopeof the Questionnaire adopted
by the Permanent Mandates Commissionof the League of Nations
in 1926s,uch information and docunientation as may be available
in respect of the Territory of South-West Africa ;
(b) Toexamine, as far as possiblein accordancewith the procedure
of the fornier Mandates System, reports and petitions which may
be suhmitted to the Committee or to the Secretary-General:

(c) To transmit to the General Assembly a report concerning
conditions in the Territorytaking into account, as far as possible,
the scope of the reports of the Permanent Mandates Commission
of the League of Nations :
(d) To prepare, forthe consideration of the General Assembly, a
procedure for the examination of reports and petitions which
should conform as far as possible to the procedure followed in
this respect by the Assembly, the Council and the Permanent
Mandates Commissionof the League of Nations."

22. By the sarne resolution, the Cornmittee on South-West
Africa was alsc, authorized to continue negotiations with the Union
of South Africa in order to implement fully the advisory opinion of
the International Court of Justice. Once more, the General Assem-
bly solemnly appealed to the Government of the Union to recon-
sider its position and to continue negotiations with the new Corn-
mittee, for the purpose of concluding an agreement providing for
the full implementation of the advisory opinion. The negotiations
were to be undertaken in accordance with certain principles, inter
alia, that (a) the supervision of the administration of South-\Vest
Africa. though it should not exceed that \\,hich applied under the
Mandates System, should be exercised by the United Xations ;
(b) the Union Government should assume its obligations to the
United Nations and not, as proposed by the Union Government, to

the three Powers (Fiance, the United Kingdom and the United
States of America) as principals. DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECRÉTMRE GÉNÉRAL IIE L'O.N.U. 17

aux obligations internationales découlant de l'article 22 du Pacte de
la SociétédesNations et du Mandat, les fonctions de contrôle devant
étre exercées par l'organisation des Nations Unies, à laquelle les
rapports annuels ainsi que les pétitions devaient êtresoumis.

21. Pour envisager la question de cette manière nouvelle, 1'.4s-
sembléeétait partie de la constatation qu'en l'absence d'un contrôle
de l'organisation des Nations Unies, les habitants du Territoire
étaient privés du contrôle international prévu par le Pacte de la
Société des Nations ; elle croyait aussi qu'elle manquerait à ses
obligations envers ces habitants si elle n'assumait pas les fonctions
de contrôle précédemmentexercéespar la Societé desNations. C'est
pourquoi l'Assemblée a créé, x en attendant qu'un accord inter-

vienne entre l'organisation des Nations Uni? et l'Union sud-afri-
caine », un nouveau Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain, composéde sept
membres et chargé :
ua) D'examiner, dans le cadre du questionnaire adopté par la
Commission permanente des mandats de la Sociétéd ,es Nations
en 1926, les renseignements et la documentation disponibles au
sujet du Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain ;
b) D'examiner, en se conformant, dans toute la mesure du
possible,àLaprocédurede l'ancienrégime desmandats, lesrapports
et les~étitionsaui viendraientà êtresoumisau Comitéou au Secré-
tairegénéra i A
c) De communiquer à l'Assembléegénéraleun rapport sur la
situation du Territoire en tenant compte dans toute la mesure du
possiblede la portéedes rapports de la Commission permanente des
mandats de la Société des Nations ;
a')D'élaboreret de soumettre à l'Assemblée générale une procé-
duréd'examende cesrapports et de ces~étitionsquise rapprochera
autant que possiblede la procéduresuivieen la matièrepar l'Assem-
blée,le Conseil et la Commissionpermanente des mandats de la
Société des Nations.»

22. Le Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain était en outre habilité, en
vertu de la mêmerésolution, à poursuivre les négociations avec
l'Union sud-africaine en vue de donner pleinement effet à l'avis
consultatif rendu par la Cour internationale de Justice. L'Assemblée
généralea adressé, une fois encore, un appel solennel au Gouverne-
ment de l'Union pour qu'il revise son attitude et qu'il poursuive les
négociations avec le nouveau Comité en vue de conclure un accord
qui donne plein effet à I'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de

Justice. Ces négociations devaient êtreentreprises conformément à
certains principes ;en particulier, a) le contrôle de l'administration
du Sud-Ouest africain devait Ptre exercé par l'organisation des
Nations Unies sans toutefois êtreplus étendu que sous le régimedes
mandats ....;6) le Gouvernement de l'Union devait êtreresponsable
envers l'Organisation des Nations Unies et non, comme le-proposait
le Gouvernement de l'Union, envers les trois Puissances (Etats-Unis
d'Amérique, France et Royaume-Uni) agissant en leur nom propre.18 DOSSIER TKANS>IlTTED BY SECKETAKY-GENEHAL OF U.N.
23. Documents of the eighth session of the General Assembly
containing records of some of the relevant meetings, the report of
the Fourth Committee, draft resolutions and the test of resolution

749 (VIII) are contained in Section VI1 of the dossier.
24. In its ri:port to the ninth session of the General Assembly
(documents niimbers 42 and 43) the Committee on South-West

Africa described the manner in which it had fulfilled the functions
entrusted to it by resolution 749 (VIII). Negotiations with the
Government of the Union of South Africa had not been resumed, as,
in reply to an invitation by the Committee to that Government to
designate a representative to confer with it, the Government of the
Union had recalled its eadier standpoint to the effect, in particular,
that (a) the Mandate with respect to South-West Africa had lapsed
but that, in order to find a solution which wouldremove this ques-
tion from the United Nations, it was prepared to enter into an
arrangement urith the three remaining principal Alliedor Associated
Powers, and that (b) the Union Government's responsibilities in
regard to South-West Africa should not in any way exceed those
which it assun~ed under the Mandate. Having pointed out that,
despite lengthy discussions, it had not been possible to reach

agreement, the Government of the Union had indicated that it
was not prepared to consider proposals uthich did not meet its
basic requirements.

25. The Committee oii South-West Africa further informed the
General Assembly that it had adopted provisional rules of proce-
dure for the purpose of examining reports and petitions relating to
the Territory of South-West Africa, and that in drawing up these
mles it had adliered as closely as possible to the mles of procedure
of the Permanent Mandates Commissionof the League of Nations.
Certain alternative procedures were incorporated in the rules to
enable the Committee to discharge its responsibilities under resolu-
tion 749 (VIII) in the event that the Union Government should
refuse to transmit annual reports or petitions with respect to
South-West Africa.

26. As requested under sub-paragraph (d) of paragraph 12 of
resolution 749 (\'III), the Committee also prepared forthe consider-
ation of the General Assembly mles of procedure to govern the
consideration by the Assembly of reports and petitions relating to
South-West Africa. The Committee adopted two resolutioiis on this
subject. The first resolution contained the test of draft rules of
procedure with regard to reports. petitions, and on privncy of
meetings. With respect to voting procedure. it \%-asproposed that,

subject to the conciirring vote of the Union of South Africa as the
State most directly concerned, the follomiiig "special rule F be
adopted : "Decisions of the General Assembly on questions relating DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECHÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 18
23. Les documents de la huitième session de l'Assemblée générale
comprenant les comptes rendus des séances,le rapport de la Qua-
trième Commission, les projets de résolutionset le texte de la réso-
lution 749 (VIII) se trouvent dans la section VI1 du dossier.

24. Dans son rapport à la neuvièmesession de l'Assembléegéné-
rale (pièces42 et43). le Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain a exposé la
manière dont il s'était acquitté des fonctions qui lui avaient été

confiéespar la résolution 749 (VIII). Les négociationsavec le Gou-
vernement de I'Union sud-africaine n'avaient pas repris. attendu
qu'en réponseà une lettre par laquelle le Comitél'avait invité à
désignerun representant chargéde conféreravec lui. le Gouverne-
ment de l'Union avait rappelé le point de vue qu'il avait exposé
précédemment,à savoir: a)que le Mandat sur le Sud-Ouest africain
était caduc mais que, pour trouver une solution qui permit à l'Or-
ganisation des Nations Unies de ne plus se préoccuperde cette ques-
tion, le Gouvernement de I'Union était disposé ànégocierun accord
avec les trois Puissances alliéeset associéesqui subsistaientb) que
le Gouvernement de l'Union ne devrait en aucune façon assumer à
l'égard du Sud-Ouest africain des obligations plus étendues que
celles qui lui incombaient en vertu du Mandat. Après avoir fait
observer que, malgréde longues discussions, il n'avait pas étépos-
sible de parvenir à un accord, le Gouvernement de I'Union avait
indiqué qu'il ne pouvait examiner des propositions qui ne tenaient

pas compte des considérations essentielles qu'il avait indiquées.
25. Le Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain informait en outre 1'Assem-
bléegénérale qu'ilavait adopté un règlement provisoire pour l'exa-

men des rapports et pétitions relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest
africain et que, pour l'élaboration de ce règlement, il avait suivi
d'aussi près que possible le règlement intérieur de la Commission
permanente des mandats de la Sociétédes Nations. Le règlement
prévoyait certaines procéduresque le Comitéappliquerait en lieu et
place des précédentes,pour pouvoir s'acquitter des tâches que lui
conférait la résolution 749 (VIII),au cas où le Gouvernement de
l'Union refuserait de communiquer des rapports annuels ou des péti-
tions concernant le Sud-Ouest africain.

26. Commeil en étaitchargéen vertu del'alinéa cidu paragraphe
12 de la résolution 749 (VIII), le Comitéa aussi élaboréet soumis à
IAssernbléegénéraleun règlement régissantl'examen par 1'Assem-
bléedes rapports et pétitions concernant le Sud-Ouest africain. Le
Comitéa adoptédeux résolutionsà ce sujet. La première résolution
contenait le texte des projets d'articles sur laockdure concernant
les rapports et les pétitions et sur les séancesprivées. En ce qui
concerne la procédurede vote, le Comitéproposait, à condition que
l'Union sud-africaine, État principalement intéressé, émitun vote
favorable, l'adoption de 1'«article spécial Frci-après :« Lesdéci-
sions de l'Assembléegénérale surles questions touchant les rapports19 UOSSlEK î'KASS411TTED BY SECHETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

to reports and petitions conceming the Temtory of South-West
Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the meaning
of Article 18,paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United Nations."
In the second resolution, the Committee on South-West Africa
noted that special mle F involved a question of interpretation of
the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, and

expressed the opinion that the General Assembly shonld not adopt
this mle without the concurring vote of the Union of South Afnca
as the Member State most directly concemed. It recommended
therefore to the Generai Assembly that, if special mle F should be
approved by the required majonty of the General Assembly, but
without the concumng vote of the Union of South Africa, the
General Assembly should submit to the International Court of
Justice for an advisory opinion the questions whether the Assembly
was correctly iiiterpreting the opinion of the International Court of
Justice by adopting a de on voting procedure which would read

as did special rule F, and if this interpretation of the Court's
opinion should not he correct, what voting procedure should be
applied.
27. Documeiits in Section VI11 of the dossier contain the report
of the Committee on South-West Africa to the ninth session of the

General Assembly as well as the records of several of the meetings
of the Committee and certain of its working papers, including
those bearing on the question of voting procedure to be adopted
by the General Assembly.
28. At its ninth session the General Assembly adopted three *

resolutions relating to South-West Africa. By resolution 844 (IX)
it adopted in a. slightly amended form the special rules proposed
by the Committee on South-West Africa with respect to the proce-
dure with regaird to reports, to petitions, the privacy of meetings
and special rule F relating to the voting procedure. By resolution
852(IX) it reiterated its previous resolutions relating to the placing
of the Territory of South-West Africa under the International
Tmsteeship System. Resolution go4(IX) contains the request for
an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice. The
proceedings at the ninth session of the General Assembly as they
relate especially to the question of the voting procedure to be

applied by the General Assembly in considering reports and peti-
tions concemirig the Territory of South-West Africa are descrihed
in greater detail in Part III of this Introductory Note.

29. Section 1X of the dossier contains the records of al1 the
meetings of the Fourth Committee and of plenary meetings of the

ninth session of the General Assembly relating to the question of
South-West Africa, as well as the reports of the Fourth Committee,
Kolcby the R2girlrarSeep. 38, para1. DOSSIER TRABSIIIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIHE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 19
et les pétitions relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain sont

considéréescomme questions importantes au sens du paragraphe 2
de l'articler8 de la Charte des Nations Unies. i>Dans la seconde
résolution, le Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain constatait que l'article
spécial F soulevait une question d'interprétation de l'a\ls consul-
tatif de la Cour internationale de Justice et exprimait l'opinion que
l'Assembléegénéralene devrait adopter cet article que si l'Union
sud-africaine, État Membre principalement intéressé,émettait un
vote favorable. En conséquence, il recommandait à l'Assemblée
générale,dans le cas où l'article spéciaF serait adopté par elle à la
majorité requise, mais sans le vote favorable de l'Union sud-afri-
caine, de demander à la Cour internationale de Justice un avis
consultatif sur la question de savoir si l'Assembléeinterprétait de

façon exacte l'avis de la Cour internationale de Justice en adoptant
à propos de la procédurede vote qu'elle devait appliquer un article
quiaurait la teneur de l'article special F et, si cetteinterprétation de
l'avis de la Cour n'était pas exacte, quelle procédure de vote il
convenait d'appliquer.

27. Les documents figurant dans la section VI11 du dossier com-
prennent le rapport du Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain à la neuvième
session de l'Assemblée générale a,insi que le compte rendu de plu-
sieurs des séancesdu Comitéet certains des documents de travail
du Comité,notamment ceux qui concernent la question de la pro-
cédurede vote à adopter par l'Assemblée générale.

28. A sa neuvièmesession, l'Assemblée générala e adopté trois*
résolutions au sujet du Sud-Ouest africain. Par sa résolution 844
(IX), elle a adopté, sous une forme légèrementmodifiée, lerègle-
ment spécialque le Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain proposait et qui
portait sur la procédure concernant les rapports et les pétitions et
sur les séancesprivées, ainsi que l'article spécial F concernant la
procédure de vote. Par sa résolution 852 (IX), elle a réitéré ses
résolutionsantérieures dans lesquelles elle recommandait de placer
le Temtoire du Sud-Ouest africain sous le régimeinternational de
tutelle. La résolution go4 (IX) contient la demande d'avis consul-
tatif adressée à la Cour internationale de Justice. On trouvera
exposésavec plus de détail dans la troisième partie de la présente

introduction, les travaux de la neuvième session de l'Assemblée
généralequi concernent spécialement la question de la procédure
de vote que l'Assemblée générald eoit appliquer pour l'esamen des
rapports et pétitions relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain.
29. La section IX du dossier contient le compte rendu de toutes
les séancesde la Quatrième Commission et des séances plénièred se
la neuvièmesession de l'Assemblée générale consacrées à la question
du Sud-Ouest africain, ainsi que les rapports de la Quatrième

iVotdu Grefie: Voirp. 38,paragraphe 1.20 DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY SECKETARY-GEKER OFL U.N.
the texts of the vanous proposals and amendments, certain other
documents, and the texts of the resolutions adopted by the General

Assembly.

III

30. The Ad Hoc Committee on South-West Afnca, established
by General Assembly resolution 449 (V) and reconstituted by
resolutions 570 (VI) and 651 (VII), and representatives of the
Union of South Afnca held vanous exchanges of views, both orally
and in writing, between 22 June 1951 and 7 October 1953. An
account of these negotiations is contained in the reports of the
Committee (documents numbers 15,19 and 22) and in the summary
records of itsmeetings.

31. During these negotiations, representatives of the Union of
South Africa niade reference, on several occasions, to the question
of the voting procedure. They maintained that, as the unanimity
mle which had applied in both the Council and the Assembly of
the League would not apply in the United Nations General Assem-
bly, should the Union Government accept the principle of United
Nations supervision, its obligations would beoreonerous than they
had been under the League. The Union Government was unable,

therefore, to conclude an agreement with the United Nations because
it felt that its comrnitments would inevitably be increased thereby
(documents numbers 12,p. IO ;13, p.4 ;14, p.7 ; 18,p.4 ; 21).

32. In an exchange of letters between the Chairman of the
Committee on South-West Africa established by resolution 749

(VIII) and the Minister of External Affairs of the Union of South
Africa, the Union Government stated that one of the basic elements
of any solution of the question which would be satisfactory to the
Union Government was that its responsibilities in regard to
South-West Afnca under any new arrangement should not in
any way exceed those which it had assumed under the Mandate.
It maintained the position that the proposals hitherto made by the
Ad Hoc Committee "would not, inter dia, safeguard the rule of
unanimity whii:h was provided for in the Covenant of the League
of Nations" whilst they would confer on certain countnes, which
are Members o:ithe United Nations but which were not members of
the League, nghts which they did not have under the Mandates

System of the ILeague(document number 42, p. 7).

33. Under paragraph 12 (d) of General Assembly resolution
749 A (VIII), the Committee on South-West Africa was requested
to "prepare, for the consideration of the General Assembly, aCommission, le texte de diverses propositions et différents amende-
ments, un certain nombre d'autres documents et le texte des résoli:

tions adoptées par l'Assemblée générale.

III
30. Entre le 22 juin 1951 et le 7octobre 1953, le Comité spécial

du Sud-Ouest africain, créépar la résolution 449 (V) de 1'Assem-
blée générale et constitué à nouveau par les résolutions 570 (VI) et
651 (VIl), a procédé,tant verbalement que par écrit,à des échanges
de vues avec les représentants de I'Union sud-africaine. Les rap-
ports du Comité (pièces 15, 19 et 22)et les comptes rendus analy-
tiques de ses séances donnent des précisionssur ces négociations.

JI. Au cours desdites négociations. les représentants de I'Linion
sud-africaine ont soulevé i plusieurs reprises la question de la

procédure de vote. Ils ont fait observer qu'étant donnéque la règle
de I'unanimité qui était applicable au Conseil aussi bien qu'à
l'Assembléede la Sociétédes Nations ne s'appliquerait pas à l'As-
semblée généraledes Nations Unies. les obligations du Gouverne-
ment de I'Union sud-africaine,dans le cas où ilaccepterait leprincipe
d'un contrôle exercé par les Nations Unies, seraient plus lourdes
qu'au temps de la Sociétédes Nations. Le Gouvernement de l'Union
ne pouvait donc pas conclure un accord avec l'ONU parce qu'il
estimait que, s'il le faisait, ses engagements se trouveraient inévita-
blement accrus (pièces 12,page 13 ; 13, page 6 ; 14, page 9; 18,
page 4; 21).

32. Dans un échange de lettres entre le président du Comitédu
Sud-Ouest africain, créépar la résolution 749 (VIII) de l'Assemblée
générale,et le ministère des Affaires extérieures de l'Union sud-
africaine, le Gouvernement de l'Union a déclaré qu'ilétait essentiel,
pour qu'il puisse l'accepter, qu'une solution éventuelle du problème
tienne notamment compte du fait quele Gouvernement de I'Union
sud-africaine ne devrait en aucune façon assumer à l'égarddu Sud-
Ouest africain, en vertu d'un nouvel accord, des obligations plus
étendues que celles qui lui incombaient en vertu du hfandat. Le
Gouvernement de l'Union a affirmé que les propositions faites
jusqu'alors par le Comité spécial«ne permettraient pas notamment
de sauvegarder la règle de l'unanimité consacréepar le Pacte de la
Sociétédes Xations n mais conféreraient, par contre, à certains
pays qui sont hlembres des Nations Unies, mais qui n'étaient pas
membres de la Société desNations, des droits dont ils ne jouissaient
pas sous le régimedes mandats de la Sociétédes Nations (pièce 42,

Page 7).
33. Aux termes de l'alinéad) du paragraphe 12de la résolution
749 A (VIII) de l'Assemblée générale,le Comité du Sud-Ouest
nlricain était chargé cd'élaborer et de soumettre à l'Assemblée
321 DOSSIER TRANS.IIIïTED BY SECHETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

procedure for the examination of reports and petitions which
should conforni as far as possible to the procedure followed in this
respect by the Assembly, the Council and the Permanent Mandates
Commission of the League of Nations". The Committee first took
up this item at its 13th meeting on II February 1954. at which
time it appointed a Working Group, composed of the representatives
of Mexico, Nanvay and Pakistan. to study the question. The

Working Grou]?held seven closed meetings between 3 Marchand
I Apnl 1954 :and submitted a report, the full text of which is
contained in Annex III of the report of the Committee on South-
West Africa (document number 42, pp. 11-13).

34. The Working Group examined, in particular, the relevant
statements of the advisory opinion of the International Court of
Justice couceming the supervisoryfunction of the General Assembly
with regard to the Territory of South-West Africa, namely that :
(a) "The Court has arrived at the conclusion that the General
Assembly of the United Nations is legally qualified to exercise the
supervisory functions previously exercised by the League of
Nations with regard to the administration of the Territory, and

that the Uniori of South Africa is under an obligation to submit
to supervision and control of the General Assembly and to render
annual reports to it" ; (b) "Petitions are to be transmitted by that
Government to the General Assembly of the United Nations, which
is legally qualified to deal with them" ; (c) "South-West Africa
is still to be ci~nsideredas a temtory held under the Mandate of
17 December 1920'' and that "the degree of supervision to be
exercised by the General Assembly should not tlierefore exceed that
which applied under the Mandates System, and should conform as
far as possible to the procedure followed in this respect by the
Council of the League of Nations", and that "these observations
are particularly applicable to annual reports and petitions" ;
(d) "The Uniori of South Africa continues to have the international
obligations stated in Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of

Nations and in.the Mandate for South-West Africa as well as the
obligation to transmit petitions from the inhabitants of that Terri-
tory, the supervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations, to which the annual reports and the petitions are to be
submitted ....".

35. The Working Group noted that the Union of South Africa
had on numei-ous occasions stated that the General Assembly,
in applying the advisory opinion of the International Court of
Justice, wonld have to subject drcisions regarding South-West
Africa to the unanimity principle as it operated bath in the Council
and the Assenibly of the League of Nations, in order to comply
fully with the advisory opinion. It further stated that: DOSSIER TKANS>llS PAR LE SECRÉTAIKE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 21
généraleune procédure d'examen [des] rapports et [des] pétitions

qui se rapprochera autant que possible de la procédure suivieen la
matière par l'Assemblée, leConseil et la Commission permanente
des mandats de la Sociétédes Nations x.Le Comitéa abordécette
question à sa treizième séance, le II février1954. 11a constitué un
groupe de travail, composé des représentants du Mexique, de la
Norvège et du Pakistan, auquel il a confiéle soin d'étudier la
question. Le groupe de travail a tenu sept séancesprivéesentre le
3 mars et le rer avril 1954 et présentéun rapport dont le tçxte
intégral est reproduit à l'annexe III du rapport du Comitédu Sud-

Ouest africain (pièce42, pages 12 et 13).

34. Le groupe de travail a étudié, enparticulier, les conclusions
de l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice relatives
aux fonctions de surveillance de l'Assemblée générale à l'égarddu
Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain, à savoir : a) IILa Cour arrive à
la conclusion que l'Assemblée générald ees Nations Unies est fondée
en droit exercer les fonctions de surveillance qu'exerçait précé-
demment la Sociétédes Nations en ce qui concerne l'administra-

tion du Territoire, et que l'Union sud-africaine a l'obligation de se
prêter à la surveillance de l'Assemblée généraleet de lui soumettre
des rapports annuels ii; b) rLes pétitions doivent êtretransmises
par ce Gouvernement à l'Assembléegénérale des Nations Unies,
laquelle est fondéeen droit à en connaître ,,; c) ((Le Sud-Ouest
africain doit toujours êtreconsidéré comme unterritoire tenu en
vertu du Mandat du 17 décembre1920 iiet Lle degréde surveillance
à exercer par l'Assemblée généraln ee saurait donc dépasser celui
qui a étéappliqué sous le régime des mandats et devrait &tre

conforme, autant que possible, à la procédure suivie en la matière
par le Conseil de la Société desNations x ;N ces observations s'ap-
pliquent en particulier aux rapports annuels et aux pétitions u;
d) n L'Union sud-africaine continue à êtresoumise aux obligations
internationales énoncées à i'article 22 du Pacte de la Sociétédes
Nations et au Mandat pour le Sud-Ouest africain, ainsi qu'à l'obli-
gation de transmettre les pétitions des habitants de ce Temtoire,
les fonctions de contrôle devant &tre exercées par les Nations
Unies auxquelles les rapports annuels et les pétitions devront être

soumis ...1).

35. Le groupe de travail a noté que l'Union sud-africaine avait,
à maintes reprises, déclaréque l'Assembléegénérale,pour mettre
enreuvre l'avis consultatif de la Cour internationale de Justice et
afin de se conformer entièrement à cet avis, devait respecter, dans
ses décisionsrelatives au Sud-Ouest africain. la règlede l'unanimité
qui régissait aussi bien les décisionsdu Conseil que celles de l'As-

sembléede la Sociétédes Nations. Le groupe de travail a ajouté : DOSSIER TRANS>IIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉKÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 22
Deux des membres ' du groupe de travail ont estimé toutefois
que la Cour internationale de Justice, lorsqu'elle avait donné son
avis consultatif et déclaréque les fonctions de surveillance exercées

précédemmentpar le Conseil de la Société desNations devaient
maintenant être exercéespar les Nations Unies, ne pouvait ignorer
la procédurede vote instituée par la Charte des Nations Unies. Un
autremembre2du groupe de travail était d'avis que le fait que la
...~-c.~ ~ ~sait la orocédure de vote en auestion ne devait Das
nécessairement,en dioit, exercer une influencésur son avis consuka-
tif et Que L'opinionprécitéede la maiorité pouvait êtreconsidérée
comme' une interprktation injustifiée.

Le groupe de travail a reconnu qu'aux termes des dispositions
de l'article 5 du Pacte de la Société desNations et de I'article IX
du règlement intérieur du Conseil de la Société desNations. les
décisionsdu Conseil devaient êtreprises à l'unanimité desMembres
de la Sociétéreprésentés à la réunion, et que. par conséquent, les
décisionsdu Conseil relatives aux rao~orts et ~étitionsconcernant
1; ~erritoire du Sud-Ouest africain néApouvaie;têtreprises qu'avec
l'assentiment de L'Unionsud-africaine.
Mais le ProuDe de travail a estiméaue le mot n décision» n'avait
pas exactement'le mémesens dans 1'aAicle5 du Pacte de la Société
des Nations et dans l'article 18 de la Charte des Nations Unies, et
que ce fait pouvait exercer une certaine influence sur la procédure
de vote à adopter pour l'examen, par l'Assembléegénérale,des
rapports et pétitions relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain. u

36. Le groupe de travail a soumis au Comité du Sud-Ouest
africain deux projets de résolutions que le Comité a adoptés à sa
35"lCséance, le 23 juin 19.5 4,ns y apporter aucune modification =.

37. Aux termes de la première résolution, leComité recommandait
à l'Assemblée généraled'ado~ter cina articles spéciaux concernant
la procédure à-suivre pour &s rappirts et les pétitions, ainsi que

les séances privées. Le deuxième paragraphe du dispositif du projet
de résolution aue le Comité recommandait à l'Assemblée aé-érale
d'adopter était'ainsi conçu :

' >lexique et Pakistan.
* A-orvège.
IIconvient de signaler ce propo-. le paragraph22 du rapport du Cornit6du
dfclaré que.selonelles. l'avis consultatif de la Courinternationale de Justice auto-
risait appliquer. en ce qui concerl'examen des rapports et des pétitions relatifs
au Sud-Ouest africain. la procédure prévue au paragraphz de l'articl18 de la
Charte ;elles ont toutefois appuyÇ les résolutions (adoptbeç par le groupe de travail)
afin que la qiiestion de la procedure de vote ne puisse donnàraucune contes-
tation fondéesur des motifs de droit. Le représentant d'une délegation a rappelé
à cet égard la réservequ'avait faitsa délégationau sujet du paragraphc 6 du
rapport du groupe de travail (pièc42.p. 3).23 DOSSIER 'TRAKSklITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.K.

"Adopts, suhject to the concurring vote of the Union of South
Africa as the State most directly concerned, the following special
rule E :

'Voting procedure
'Special:vuleF : Decisions of the General Assembly on questions

relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the
meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United
Nations.'"

38. The second resolution which the Working Group recom-
mended and tlie Committee adopted reads as follows :

"The Committee on South-WestAfrica,
Noting that special rule E, dealing with voting procedure.
involves a question of interpretation of the Advisory Opinion of
the International Court of Justice on the question of South-West
Africa.

1s of the opinion that the General Assembly should not adopt
thisrule without the concurring vote of the Union of South Africa.
as the Me~nber State most directly concerned, and therefore
Recommends to the General Assembly that, if special rule F
should he approved by the required majority of the General
Assembly, but without the concurring vote.of the Union of South
Africa. tlie General Assembly should snbmit to the International
Court of Justice for an advisory opinion the following questions :
(a) Having regard to the Advisory Opinion of the Inter-
national Court of Justice on the question of South-West
Africa, and having particular regard to the Court's opinion

on question (a), namely : 'that the Union of South Africa
continues to have the international obligations stated in
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and
in the Mandate for South-West Africa as well as the obligation
to trailsmit petitions from the inhabitants of that Territory,
the siipervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations, to which the annual reports and petitions are to
be submitted, and the reference to the Permanent Court of
International Justice to be replaced by a reference to the
International Court of Justice, in accordance with Article 7
of the Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of the Court' ;
is the General Assembly correctly interpreting the opinion
of the International Court of Justice by adopting a rule on
voting procedure for the General Assemhly which would read :

'Decisions of the General Assembly on questions relating
to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be reearded as imnortant ouestions within
the meaning of ~rticle-18, paragraih 2, of'the Charter of
the United Nations' ?;
fb) If this inter~retation of the Court's oninion should not
be' Correct, will Che Court indicate what ;oting procedure
sliould he applied ?" oAdo$te, à condition que l'Union sud-africaine, État principale-
ment intéressé,émetteun vote favorable,l'article spécialF ci-après :

c Procédure de vote

NArticle spécialF : Les décisionsde l'Assembléegénéralesur les
questions touchant les rapports et les pétitions relatives au Terri-
toire du Sud-Ouest africain sont considérées commequestions
importantes au sens du paragraphe 2 de l'article18 de la Charte
des Nations Unies. »
38. Le deuxième projet de résolution soumis par le groupe de
travailet que le Comité a adopté, était ainsi conçu :

IILe Comité du Sud-Ouest africain,

Constatant que l'article spécialF relatif à la procédure devote
soulève une question d'interprétation de l'a\.is consultatif de la
Cour internationalede Justice sur la question du Sud-Ouest africain,

Est d'avis que l'Assemblée générale nedevrait adopter cet
article que si l'Union sud-africaine. Etat Membre principalement
intéressé, émeu tn vote favorable et. en conséquence,
Recommande à l'Assemblée généraled , ans le cas où l'article
spécial F serait adopté par elle à la majorité requise, mais sans le
vote favorable de L'Union sud-africaine, de demander à la Cour
internationale de Justice un avis consultatif sur les questions
suivantes :
a) Compte tenu de l'avisconsultatif de la Cour internationale
de Justice sur la question du Sud-Ouest africain et, en par-
ticulier, de l'avis de la Cour en ce qui concerne la question
a), à savoir: nque l'union sud-africainecontinue à êtresoumise
aux obligations internationales énoncées àl'articl22 du Pacte
de la Société desNations et au Mandat pour le Sud-Ouest
africain, ainsi qu'à l'obligation de transmettre les pétitions des
habitants de ce Territoire. les fonctions de contr6le devant
étre exercées par les Nations Unies auxquelles les rapports
annuels et les pétitions devront êtresoumis, et la référence à
la Cour permanente de Justice internationale devant être
remplacéepar la réference à la Cour internationale de Justice,
conformément à l'article 7 du Mandat et à l'article 37 du
Statut de la Cour D ;l'Assembléegénéraleinterprète-t-elle de
façon exacte l'avis de la Cour internationale de Justice en
adoptant, à propos de la procédure de vote qu'elle doit
appliquer, l'article suivant :
«Les décisionsde l'Assemblée généralseur les questions tou-
chant les rapports et les pétitions relatives au Territo.ire du
Sud-Ouest africain sont considérées commequestions impor-
tantes au sens du paragraphe 2 de l'article 18 de la Charte des
Nations Unies » ?
b) Si cette interprétation de l'avis consultatif de la Cour
n'est pas exacte, la Cour pourrait-elle dire quelle procédure
de vote il conviendrait d'adopter ? ,, DOSSIER TRANSlIITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OFL U.N.
24
39. The :ibov(.-nieiitionet1 two rcs(~lutions of the Coiiiinittee on
Sc,uth-\\'est .-\frics \i.t:rebrforc ilit. Foiirth Com:f Ili(!Griii>ral
Assembly wheii it considered, during the ninth session, the question
of the procedure to be followed bythe Assembly in the examination
of reports and petitions relating ta the Territory of South-West

Africa. This procedure was discussed at the 399th to 4oznd meetings
of theFourth Committee from 4 to 7 October 1954.The Committee's
report with a detailed record of the voting is contained in document
Al2747 (document number 59, p. 7).

40. The draft resolution recommended for adoption by the
General Assembly in the first of the two remlutions of the Com-

mittee on Soui:h-West Africa was approved by the Fourth Com-
mittee with son-iechanges. The only change relating to the question
of voting procedure was proposed by India, to alter the second
operative paragraph of the resolution to read "Adopts, subject to
the acceptance of thc Union of South Africa, as the Mandatory for
the Temtory of South-West Africa, the following special rule F" ;
the rule itself !vas not to he changed. This amendment was voted
upon in parts. The words "subject to the acceptance by the Union
of South Africa.,as the Mandatory for the Territory of South-West
Africa" were approved hy 15 votes to 7, with 28 abstentions. The
rest of the Indian amendment was approved by 23 votes to one,
with 25 abstentions. The amendment as a whole was then approved
by 23 votes to 4 with 20 abstentions.

41. Special rule F was approved by 34 votes to z with 13 absten-
tions, while the draft resolution as a whole was approved by a roll-
cal1vote of 32 to 4, with 15 abstentions.

42. The Fourth Committee then took up the consideration of the
second resolution of the Committee on South-West Africa, i.e. the
recommendation that, if the General Assembly should approve
special rule F by the required majority but without the concurring
vote of the Union of South Africa, the General Assembly should
submit the questions proposed by the Committee on South-West
Africa regardiug voting procedure to the International Court of
Justice.

43. A draft iresolution which submitted these questions to the
Court was introduced jointly by India, Nexico, Norway, Syria
and the United States of America, andan amendment to the draft
resolution which would insert a preamble and a second operative
paragraph was l~roposedby Mexico. This amendment was approved
by the Committee by 33 votes to one, with 13 abstentions, and the
joint draft resolution as amended was approved by the Fourth

Committee by 35 votes to one, with Ir abstentions. DOSSIER TRANSMIS P.4K LE SECKÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 24
39. La Quatrième Commission de l'Assemblée générale a pris
connaissance des deux résolutions ci-dessus du Comité du Sud-
Ouest africain lorsqu'elle a examiné,i la neuvième session, la ques-
tion de la procédure de vote que l'Assemblée générale devra suivre

sur les questions touchant les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au
Territoire. du Sud-Ouest africain. La Quatrième Commission a
examiné cette procédure à ses 3ggnle,400mC4, 01~ et 4ozrUeséances,
du 4 au 7 octobre 1954. Le rapport de la Commission, indiquant de
façon détailléeles résultats des votes auxquels la Commission a
procédé,fait l'objet du document A12747(piece 59, p. 8).
40. La Quatrième Commission a approuvé, après y avoir apporté

quelques modifications, le projet de résolutionque, dans la première
de ses deux résolutions, le Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain recom-
mandait à l'Assemblée généraled'adopter. La seule modification
concernant la question de la procédure de vote avait étéproposée
par l'Inde et tendaità rédigercomme suit le deuxième paragraphe
du dispositif de la résolution:«Adopte, sous réserve de l'approba-
tion de l'Union sud-africaine. Puissance mandataire du Territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain, l'article spécial F ci-après »; l'article lui-
même n'a pasétbmodifié.L'amendement a étémis aux voix par
division. Les mots n sous réserve de l'approbation de YUnion
sud-africaine, Puissance mandataire du Territoire du Sud-Ouest
africainn ont été adoptéspar 15 voix contre 7,avec 28 abstentions.
Le reste de l'amendement indien a étéadopté par 23 voix contre
une, avec 25 abstentions. L'amendement dans son ensemble a

étéensuite adopté par 23 voix contre 4, avec 20 abstentions.
41. L'article spécial F a été adopté par34 voix contre 2, avec
13 abstentions. A l'issue d'un vote par appel nominal, l'ensemble
du projet de résolution, sous sa forme modifiée,a été adoptépar
32 voix contre 4, avec 15 abstentions.

42. La Quatrième Commission a ensuite abordé l'examen de la
deuxième résolution du Comitédu Sud-Oucst africain, c'est-à-dire
celle par laquelle le Comité recommandait à l'Assembléegénérale,
dans le cas oii l'article spécialF serait adopté par elle à la majorité
requise mais sans le vote favorable de l'Union sud-africaine, de
demander k la Cour internationale de Justice un avis consultatif
sur les questions dont le Comité du Sud-Ouest africain avait
proposé de la saisir, concernant la procédure de vote.

43. Les États-Unis, l'Inde, le Mesique, la Norvège et la Syrie ont
présenté un projet de résolution commun aux termes duquel
l'Assemblée générale demanderait à la Cour internationale de
Justice un avis consultatif sur lesdites questions. Le Mexique a
présenté un amendement tendant à insérer un préambule et à
ajouter un deuxième paragraphe au dispositif du projet de résolu-
tion. Cet amendement a étéapprouvé par 33 voix contre une, avec
13 abstentions. La Quatrième Commission a ensuite adopté par25 DOSSIER TRAICShIITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.K.

44. When tlie General Assembly met in its 494th plenary meeting
on II Octobei- 1954 it therefore had before it the following two
draft resolutions on the question of South Africa contained in
Part 1 of the report of the Fourth Committee :

The GeneralAssembly,

Having received a report of the Committee on South-West
Africa concerning the procedure for the examination by the
Assembly of reports and petitions relating to the Territos. of
South-West Africa,
Hauing ;inmind the advisory opinion of the International Court
of Justice on South-West Africa,

Desiring to apply. as far as possible. and pending the conclusion
of an agreement between the United Nations and the Union of
South Africa, the procedure followed in that respect by the Council
of the League of Nations,
I. Adopts the following special rules :

Procedure with regard to reports

Special i,tde A: The General Assembly shall receive annually
from the Committee on South-West Africa the report on South-
West Africa submitted to the Committee by the Union of South
Africa (or a report on conditions in the Territory of South-West
Africa prepared by the Committee in accordance with para-
graph 12 (c) of the General Assembly resolution 749 A (VIII))
together with the observations of the Committee on the report
as weU as the comments of the duly authorized representative
of the Union of South Africa, should that Government decide to
follow the General Assembly's recommendation and appoint such
a representative.
Speciai rule B :The General Assembly shall, as a rule, be guided
bv the observations of the Committee and shall base its conclusions,
a< far as possible, on the Committee's observations.

Procedure with regard to petitions

from the Committee on South-West Africa a report with regardlly
to petitionri submitted to it. The summary records of the meetings
at which the petitions were discussed shall be attached..

Special rule D :The General Assembly shall, as a rule, be guided
by the conclusions of the Committee and shall base its own
conclusions, as far as possible, on the conclusions of the Committee.35 voix contre une, avec II abstentions. le projet de résolution
commun ainsi amendé.
44. A sa 49"Ieséance plénière, le II octobre 1954 ,'Assemblée

généralea donc été saisie des deux projets de résolutions suivants,
relatifs à la question du Sud-Ouest africain, qui figuraient dans la
première partie du rapport de la Quatrième Commission :

PROJET DE RÉSOLUTIOX A

L'Assembléegéttérale,
Saisie d'un rapport du Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain concernant
la procédure d'examen, par l'Assemblée,des rapports et pétitions
relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain,

Justice relatif au Sud-Ouest africain,de la Cour internationale de

Désireused'appliquer,autant que possible et jusqu'à la conclusion
d'un accord entre l'organisation des Nations Unies et l'Union sud-
africaine, la procédure suivie en la matibe par le Conseil de la
Société desNations,
1. Adopte le réglement spécial ci-après :

Procédfrrecotrcernant lesrapports

Article spécialA : L'Assembléegénérale reçoit annuellementdu
Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain le rapport concernant le Sud-Ouest
sur la situation dans le Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain établi par
le Comitéconformément au paragraphe 12 c) de la résolution 749
A (VIII) de l'Assembléegénérale) :ce rapport est accompagné des
observations du Comité et des commentaires du représentant
dùment autorisé de l'union sud-africaine si le Gouvernement de
l'Union décidede donner suite à la recommandation de I'Assem-
bléegénéraleen désignant un représentant.

.4riide spir;~/ :iI.'Assembli.egcn?r:lie~'llli~~irrc.rirc'gieg:nt:raic,
<lesotiici \.arions du CoiiiitCet foii<lc.3ut:int que pi~.es coiiclu-
sionï sur Icsdires obsrr\~ntioiii.

Procédureconcernantles péiilioirs

Article spécialC : L'Assembléegénéralere~oit annuellement du
Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain un rapport concernant les pétitions
qui lui ont L'tepr2seritCes. 1-23roihptrs rendus aiialytijue> des
sCaiic~sau cours desquelles les ~Ctitioiis ont ?t& esarninirs sont
annexésaudit ra..ort;
Article spéciaD :L'Assembléegénérale s'inspiree ,n règlegénérale,
des conclusions du Cornit6et fonde, autant que possible, les siennes
sur celles du Comité26 DOSSIER .TKAKSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GENEKAL OF U.N.
Private meetings

Special rule E :Having regard to rule 62 of the rules of procedure
of the General Assembly, meetings at which decisions conceming
persons are considered shall be held in private.
2. Adopta, subject to the acceptance by the Union of South
Africa, as the Mandatory for the Territory of South Africa, the
following s:pecial rule F:

Voting procedure

Special r~le F : Decisions of the General Assembly on questions
relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the
meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2,of the Charter of the United
Nations.

DRAFTRESOLUTIOB N
The Gentral Assembly,

Considering that resolution 844 (IX) contains the following
provision :
"Adopts, subject to the acceptance hy the Union of South
Africa, as the Mandatory for the Territory of South-West Africa,
the followirig special rule F :

"Voting procedure
"Special i,uleF :Decisions of the General Assembly on question5
relating to reports and petitions concerning the Territory of South-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within the
meaning of Article 18. paragraph 2, of the Charter of the United
Nations",
Consideringalso that the Union of South Africa, as Mandatory
Power of the Territory of South-West Africa, did not accept the
special rule F referred to in the precedjng paragraph,

1.Submiis to the International Court of Justice for an advisory
opinion the following questions :
(a) IIaving regard to the advisory opinion of the Inter-
national Court of Justice on the question of South-West
Africa, and having particular regard to the Court's opinion
on question (a), namely "that the Union of South Africa
continues to have the international obligations stated in
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and
in theMandate for South-West Africa as well as the obligation
to tranfjmit petitions from the inhabitants of that Territory,
the supervisory functions to be exercised by the United
Nations., to which the annual reports and the petitions are
to be submitted, and the reference to the Permanent Court
of Intelnational Justice to be replaced by a reference to the
International Court of Justice, in accordance with Article 7
of the :Mandate and Article 37 of the Statute of the Court" ; Séances privées
Article spécial E: Par application de l'article 62 du règlement
intérieur de l'Assemblée générale,les séances consacrées à des
décisionsrelatives à des particuliers sont privées.
2.Adopte, sous réservede l'approbation de L'Unionsud-africaine,
Puissance mandataire du Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain, l'article
spécialF ci-après :

Procédurede vote

Article spiciul F : Le5 d;cisioii; dr I'~\ssemhlfeginCrale sur les
ystioni; touch311tles rapports et Ir<~ktitioris rclatii;<IIl'vrritoire
u siiil-0ui:st africaiii sont ci>niid;r;t:s ~:üiiirneaucs1ii)nsimr>ortantes
au sens du paragraphe z de l'article 16de 1; Charte dei Nations
Unies.

L'Assemblée générale,
Considérantque la résolution 844 (IX) contient la disposition
suivante :
«Adopte, sous réserve de l'approbation de l'Union sud-africaine,
Puissance mandataire du Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain, l'article
spécialF ci-après :

Procédurede vole

nArtic1es$écialF : Les décisionsde l'Assembléegénéralesur les
questions touchant les rapports et les pétitions relatifs au Territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain sont considérées comme questions importantes
au sens du paragraphe z de I'article 18 de la Charte des Nations
Unies »,
Considérant également que l'Union sud-africaine, Puissance
mandataire du Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain, n'a pas accepté
l'article spécialF citédans le paragraphe prScédent,
r. Demande à la Cour internationale de Justice un avisconsultatif
sur les questions suivantes :
a) Compte tenu de l'avis consultatif de la Cour intema-
tionale de Justice sur la question du Sud-Ouest africain et, en
particulier, de l'avis de la Cour en ce qui concerne la question
a), àsavoir : «que l'Union sud-africaine continue Bêtresoumise
aux obligations internationales énoncéesAl'article 22 du Pacte
de la Société desNations et au Mandat pour le Sud-Ouest
africain ainsi qu'Al'obligation de transmettre les pétitions des
habitants de ce Territoire, les fonctions de contrôle devant être
exercéespar les Nations Unies, auxquelles les rapports annuels
et les pétitions devront êtresoumis, et la référence à la Cour
~ermanente de Tustice internationale devant êtreremolacée
i~ar13 r;>fCrcnce ;;I:t Cour iiiteriiational<IrJustice. cunhrmé-
iiient i I'articlc7 ilil \1:111<;tt1.iI'tirticlt.37du ""tut 'le la
Cuiir 1.I'r\sscniblEc gi.ni.rjilr iiitcrl>rCrc-t-ellrde layon cxiicte27 DOSSIER 'CRANSMI~ED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OFL U.N.

is the General Assembly correctly interpreting the opinion of
the International Court of Justice by adopting a mle on
voting procedure for the General Assembly which would read :
"Decisions of the General Assembly on questions relating
to reports and petitions conceming the Territory of Snuth-
West Africa shall be regarded as important questions within
the mt:aning of Article 18,paragraph 2,of the Charter of
the United Nations" ?
(b) Ifthis interpretation of the Court's opinion should nnt
be correct, will the Court indicate what voting procedure
should be applied ?

2. Declares that, if the Intemational Court of Justice replies
in the affimiative to the first question submitted to it, the provision
present resolution, and under which the adoption of special mle F
is made coiiditional on the acceptance of that mle by the Union
of South Africa. will cease to be in force.

45. In votinl; on the first of these two resolutions the Assembly
took a separate vote by roll-cal1on the words in the second operative
"subject to the acceptance by the Union of South Africa, as the
Mandatory for the Territory of South-West Africa". The result of
the vote was 13 in favour, 8 against, and 29 abstentions. Having
failed to obtain the necessary two-thirds majority the phrase

was not adopted. The resolution as a whole, with the deletion of the
phrase in question, was then adopted by a roll-cal1 vote of 33 to 3,
with 15abstentions.

46. Following this vote the President of the Assembly made a
mling that, in view of the text of draft resolution A, as adopted,

there was no i-eason to put draft resolution B to the vote. The
mling was challenged and, when put to the vote, was upheld by
30 votes to 8, viith 13 abstentions. Draft resolutionB was therefore
not voted upori.

47. At the 409th meeting of the Fourth Committee on 19 October

1954. the representatives of Norway, Thailand and the United
States of Ame~ica made statements indicating that, in the absence
of a request for an advisory opinion of the International Court of
Justice on the voting procedure to be applied in reaching decisions
on reports and petitions relating to the Temtory of South-West
Africa, their delegations would not participate in the consideration
of resolutions based on the substance of the repcrt of the Committee
on South-West Africa as far as it related to conditions in the Terri-
tory. At the same meeting the representative of Norway informed
the Committee thatas a result of the amendment of draft resolution
A by the deletion of the phrase which madc the adoption of the
rule concerning voting procedure contingent upon the acceptance DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIKEGÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U.
27
l'avis de la Cour internationale de Justice en adoptant, à
propos de la procédure devote qu'elle doit appliquer,l'article
suivant :
« Les décisionsde l'Assemblégénérale sur lesquestions tou-
chant les ra ports et les pétitions relatifs au Prritojrdu
Sud-Ouest agicain sont considéréescomme questions impor-
tantes au sens du paragraphe z de l'articl18de la Charte des
Nations Unies n?
b) Si cette interprétation de l'avis consultatif de la Cour
n'est pas exacte, la Cour pourrait-elle dire quelle procédure
de vote il conviendrait d'adopter

2. Déclareque, au cas où la Cour internationale de Justice
répondrait par l'affirmative la première des questions qui lui
sont posées,la disposition citée dans le premier paragraphe du
préambulede la présente résolution,n vertu delaguelle l'adoption
de I'artide spécial est subordonnéeà l'acceptation dudit article
par l'Union sud-africaine, ne sera plus en vigueur.
45. Lorsque la première de ces deux résolutions a étémise aux
voix à l'Assembléegénérale,il a étéprocédéà un vote séparépar
appelnominal sur les mots xsous réservede l'approbation de l'union
sud-africaine, Puissance mandataire du Territoire du Sud-Ouest
africain » (paragraphe z du dispositif). Le résultat du vote a été

le suivant : 13 voix pour, 8 voix contre et zg abstentions. N'ayant
pas obtenu la majorité requise des deux tiers, ces mots n'ont pas
étéadoptés. 11a étéprocédéau vote par appel nominal sur l'en-
semble de la résolution, sans les mots précités,qui a été adopté par
33voix contre 3, avec 15 abstentions.
46. A l'issue de ce vote, le Président de l'Assembléegénéralea
décidéqu'étant donné le texte du projet de résolution A tel qu'il
venait d'&treadopté, il n'y avait pas de raison de mettre aux voix

le projet de résolution. La décisionprésidentielle a étécontestéeet
mise aux voix ; elle a &témaintenue par 30 voix contre 8, avec
13 abstentions. En conséquence, le projet de résolution B n'a pas
été mis aux voix.
47. A la 4ogm0séancede la Quatrième Commission, le 19 octobre
1954 lesreprésentants des États-Unis d'Amérique,de la Norvège et

de la Thaïlande ont déclaré qu'en l'absenced'une demande d'avis
consultatif à la Cour internationale de Justice sur la procédure à
suivre pour prendre des décisionstouchant les rapports et les péti-
tions relatifs au Territoire du Sud-Ouest africain, leurs délégations
ne prendraient pas part à l'examen de résolutions fondées sur la
teneur du rapport du Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain, dans la mesure
où il s'agirait de la situation danle Territoire. A la mêmeseance,
le représentant de la Norvège a fait savoir à la Commission que, du
fait de l'amendement au projet de résolution A supprimant le
membre de phrase qui subordonnait l'adoption de l'article concer-
nant la procédure de vote àl'approbation de l'Union sud-africaine,28 DOSSIER 'THANS311TTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.K.

of the Union of South Africa, his delegation could not be associated
with the future work of the Committee on South-West Africa.
The representative of Thailand also informed the Assembly of the
withdrawal of his Government from membership in the Committee.

48. Followirig these statementsthe Fourth Committee appointed
a Sub-Committee "to review the situation arising in the 409th
meeting of the Fourth Committee on 19 October 1954, and to
report back to the Committee on what to do".

49. The Sub-Committee held three meetings. Its report (docu-
ment number 59, p. IO) contained a recommendation that the
Fourth Committee should recommend to the General Assembly
that it re-open, in accordance with rule 83 of its niles of procedure,
the question of submitting special mle F to an advisory opinion by
the International Court of Justice. This recommendation of the
Sub-Committee was rejected by the Fourth Committee at its
425th meeting on 8 November 1954. by a roll-cal1 vote of 18 to
18, with 16 abstentions (document number 52, p. 195). In conse-
quence, a recommendation of the Sub-Committee for referral of
the voting procedure for reports and petitions,relating to South-
West Africa tci the International Court of Justice for an advisory
opinion was considered to have fallen away.

50. Following upon this decision of the Fourth Committee, the
representatives of Iraq, Sweden and the United States of America
stated that, as a consequenceof the decisiontaken by the Committee,
their delegations would be unable to accept an invitation to serve
on the Committee on South-West Africa. The representatives of
Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, Syria and Thailand reserved the positions
of their Governments with respect to their future participation in
the Committee on South-West Africa (document number 59, p. 14).

51. At its 500th and jorst pleoary meetings on 23 November
1954 the Assenibly had before it PartIIof the report of the Fourth
Committee on the Question of South Africa (document number 59)
and a draft resolution proposed by Guatemala and Lebanon
(document nuinber 58) under which certain questions would be
submitted to the International Court of Justice for an advisory
opinion. The representative of Guatemala explained to the Assembly
that although the phrasing of the questions to be referred to the
International Court was similar tothat in the resolution which the
Assembly at its earlier meeting had decided not to vote upon, the
resolution now before the Assembly did not constitute a reconsider-

ation of the decision taken by the General AssembIyon IIOctober
not to vote on draft resolution B in the first part of the Fourth
Committee's report ;in both motivation and wording the resolution
was a new prilposal. The representative rifthe Union of South DOSSIER TRANS%~IS PAR LE SECKÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE ~'0.x.u. 28

sa délégation ne pouvait continuer de prendre part aux travaux
du Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain. Le représentant de la Thaïlande
a également informéI'Assembléegénéraleque son Gouvernement
se retirait du Comité.
48. A la suite de ces déclarations, la Quatrième Commission a

décidéde créer un Sous-Comitéqui serait chargé c,d'examiner la
situation dans son ensemble, telle qu'elle résultede la 4og1nséance
de la Quatrième Commission, tenue le 19 octobre 1954,et de présen-
ter à la Commission un rapport sur la conduite à tenir n.
49. Le Sous-Cornit6 a tenu trois séances. Dans son rapport

(pièce59, p. 12). le Sous-Comitéa proposé à la Quatrième Commis-
sion de recommander à l'Assembléegénérale d'examinerà nouveau,
conformément à l'article 83 du règlement intérieur. s'il convien-
drait de renvoyer à la Cour internationale de Justice. pour avis
consultatif, l'article spécial. A la 425meséancede la Quatrième
Commission, le 8 novembre 1954, cette recommandation du Sous-
Comitéa étémise aux voix par appel nominal et a étérejetéepar 18
voix contre 18, avec 16 abstentions (pièce 52, p. 201). En consé-
quence, la Commission a estiméque la recommandation du Sous-
Comitérelative au renvoi à la Cour internationale de Justice. pour
avis conwltatif, de la question de la procédiircdc vbte touchant
les raooorts et r>étitioirelatifs ail l't.rrit(iirt du Sud-Ouest africain
'A
était devenue sans objet.
50. A la suite de la décision prisepar la Quatrième Commission,
les représentants des États-Unis d'Amérique, de l'Irak et de la
Suède ont déclaréque leurs délégations ne seraientpas en mesure
d'accepter de faire partie du Comité du Sud-Ouest africain. Les
représentants du Brésil,du Mexique, du Pakistan, de la Syrie etde

la Thailande ont réservéla position de leurs Gouvernements concer-
nant leur participation, dans l'avenir, aux travaux du Comitédu
Sud-Ouest africain (pièce 59,p. 15).
51. A ses 500meet 501"~~ séancesplknières, le 23 novembre 1954,
l'Assembléegénéraleétait saisie de la deuxième partie du rapport

de la Quatrième Commission sur la question du Sud-Ouest africair?
(pièce59)et d'un projet de résolution proposé par le Guatemala et le
Liban (pièce 58). prévoyant que certaines questions seraient ren-
voyées à la Cour internationale de Justice pour avis consultatif.
Le représentant du Guatemala a expliquéà l'Assembléeque, si le
lihelfédes questions à renvoyer àla Cour internationale de Justice
était analogue au texte qui figurait dans la résolutionsur laquelle
l'Assembléeavait décidé à la séanceprécédente dene pas voter.
la résolutiondont l'Assembléeétait actuellement saisie n'impliquait
pas un nouvel examen de la décision, prisepar l'Assemblée générale
le II octobre, de ne pas voter sur le projet de résolutioB figurant
dans la première partie du rapport de la Quatrième Commission ;
tant par les raisons qui la motivaient que par ses termes, la réso-

4Africa contended that a decision to consider the draft resolution
submitted by Guatemala and Lebanon would constitute a re-
consideration of the decision taken by the General Assembly on
II October when it decided not to vote on draft resolution B ;
therefore, under mle 83 of the rules of procedure, the resolution
could not be voted upon unless the Assembly, by a two-thirds
majority. decided to reconsider the decision it had previously taken.
A vote was taken on this preliminary question. Twenty-five votes
were cast against the view that consideration of the draft resolution

constituted reconsideration of the previous decision, 18 were
in favour of this view and there were II abstentions.

52. The Assembly then turned to the draft resolution itself,
which requested an advisory opinion from the International Court
of Justice;the resolution was adopted by a roll-cal1vote of 25 tII$

with 21 abstentions (documentsnumbers 56 and 57). The resolution
adopted is the resolution at present before the International Court
of Justice.

53. After the adoption of this resolution the Assembly decided,
upon the motion of the representative of Thailand, not to vote on
the first two draft resolutionselating to petitions in Part II of the

Fourth Committee's report until the advisory opinion had been
obtained from the International Court of Justice. This decision
was taken by 27 votes to 18,with 8abstentions. In connexion with
the third draft resolution in Part II of the Fourth Committee's
report, a resoliition dealing with the report of the Committee on
South-West Af~ica,the General Assembly decided, after the question
had been raised by the Union of South Africa, that in its vote on
the resolution it was not applying special rule F conceming voting
procedure which it had adopted at its meeting on II October. This
decision was taken by 18 votes to 4, with 30 abstentions. It then
adopted the resolntion by 40 votes to 3, with II abstentions (docu-
ment number 57).

7 March 1955. DOSSIER TKANSMIS PAR LE SECKÉTAIKE GÉNÉRAL DE L'o.'.u. 29
lution était une nouvelle proposition. Le représentant de l'union
sud-africaine a prétendu qu'en décidant d'examiner le projet de
résolution présenté par le Guatemala et le Liban, l'Assemblée
&nérale reviendrait surla décision qu'elleavait priII octobre de

ne pas voter sur le projet de résolutiBn; en vertu de l'artic83
du règlement intérieur, le projet de résolution ne pouvait donc
êtremis aux voix, à moins que l'Assembléegénérale ne décide ,
la majorité des deux tiers, de revenir sur une décisionqu'elle avait
déjàprise. Cette question préalable a étémise aux voix. Vingt-cinq
membres de l'Assembléeont voté contre l'opinion que l'examen du
projet de résolution constituait une remise en discussion d'une
décision précédente, 18 membres ont voté pour cette opinion et
II se sont abstenus.

52. L'Assembléegénéraleest alors passéeà l'examen du projet
de résolution proprement dit. qui tendait à demander un avis
consultatif à la Cour internationale de Justice. Le projet de réso-
lution a étémis aux voix par appel nominal et a étéadopté par
25 voix contre II, avec 21 abstentions (pièces 56 et 57).Cette
résolutionest celle dont la Courinternationale deJusticeest actuelle-
ment saisie.
53. Après avoir adopté cette résolution, l'Assembléea décidé,
sur la proposition du représentant de la Thaïlande. de ne pas voter

sur les deux premiers projets de résolution concernant les pétitions
et figurant dans la deuxième partie du rapport de la Quatrième
Commission avant d'avoir obtenu l'avis consultatif de la Cour
internationale de Justice. L'Assemblée s'est prononcée dans ce
sens par 27voix contre 18,avec 8 abstentions. Quant au troisième
projet de résolution contenu dans la deuxième partie du rapport de
la Quatrième Commission et relatif au rapport du Comitédu Sud-
Ouest africain. I'Assembléegénérale adécidéa,prèsque la question
eut étésoulevée par le représentant de l'union sud-africaine,
qu'elle n'appliquait pas, pour voter sur le projet de résolution,
l'article spécialrelati?Ila procédurede vote qu'elle avait adoptée
à la séancedu II octobre. Cette décisiona étéprise par 18 voix
contre 4. avec 30 abstentions. L'Assembléea ensuite adopté le
projet de résolution par 40 voix contre 3, avec 1.1 abstentions
(pièce57).

7 mars 1955. PART II.-CONTENTS OF THE DOSSIER

Records of meetings of the Fourth Committee :

(1) 1g1st meeting (see paras. 1-92 and 105-128)
(2) ~gznd meeting
(3) 194th meeting
(4) 195th meeting

(5) 196th meeting (see paras. 34-90)
Records of plenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly :

(6) 321st plenary meeting [extract]
(7) 322nd plenary meeting (see paras. 2-63)

Generm!Assembly and Fourth Committee documents :

(8) Officiai Records of the General Assembly. Fifth Session, Annexes,
agenda item 35, containing the texts ofthe following documents :

Page 3 Report of the Fourth Com- A11643
mittee

, 12 Ikazil, Denmark, Pem, Syria, Al1681
Tliailand andUnited States
of America : draft reso-
lution
, 12 Cuba: amendments to the Al1688
draft resolution contained
in document Al1681

,, 3 Ilrazil, Cuba, Mexico, Syria A/C.~/L.II~/R~V.I (see
and Umguay: draft reso- para. 5 of docunient
lution A/1643)
, 4 1:ndia. Indonesia and Philip- A/C.~/L.I~I (see para. 6
pines : draft resolution of document A/1643)

, 7 India, Indonesia and Philip A/C.~/L.IZZ(seepara. 14
pines : draft resolution of document A/1643)

, I DenNorway, Pem, Thailand,q, A/C.~/L.IZ~ and Add. I
United States of America
and Venezuela : draft reso-
lutiori DEUXIÈME PARTIE. - CONTENU DU DOSSIER

1. DOCUMENT SFFICIELS DE L'ASSEMBLÉG EÉNÉRALE,
CINQUIÈMESESSION,1950

Comptes rendus des séances dle a QzratrikmeCommission :

(1) 191moséance (voir par. I à 92 et 105 à 128)
(2) 192me séance
(3) 194meséance
(4) 19pe séance
(5) 1g6meséance (voir par. 34 à go)

Comptes rendus des séances plénière dse L'Assemblégeénéral e

(6) 321meséance plénière[extrait]
(7) 3zzmeçéanceplénière (voir par. 2 à 63)

Documents del'Assemblée génénée rtee la QuatrièmeCommission:

(8) Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, cinquiéme session,
Annexes, point 35 de l'ordre du jour, où figure le texte des docu-
ments suivants :
Page 3 Rapport de la Quatrième Al1643
Commission

u 12 Brésil, Danemark, États-
Unisd'Amérique,Pérou,
Syrie et Thailande :
projet de résolution

13 Cuba : amendements au
projet de résolution
figurant dans le docu-
ment Al1681
a 3 Brésil, Cuba, Mexique, A/C.~/L.II~/R~~.I (voir
Syrie et Uruguay : paragraphe 5 du docu-
projet de résolution ment .4/1643)

n 4 Inde, Indonésie et Philip- Alc.41L.121 (voir para-
pines : projet de réso- graphe 6 du document
lution -411643)

n 7 Inde, Indonésie et Philip- A/C.4/L.rzz (voir para-
pines : projet de réso- graphe 14 du document
lution -411643)
D I Danemark, États-unis AIC.41L.124et Add.1
d'Amérique, Irak, Nor-
vège, Pérou, Sal~rador,
Thaïlande et Venezuela :
projet de résolution Page 5 Denmark, El Salvador, Iraq. A/C.~/L.IZ~/R~V.I (see
Norway, Peru, Thailand, para. 7 of document
United States of America and A/1643)
Venezuela : revised draft
'resolution

,. S Union of Soviet Socialist A/C.4/L.x26(sametext as
Republics :amendment to the document A/C.~/L.I~O
joint draft resolution pro- -see para. 17 of
posedby India, Indonesia and document A/1643)
Philippines (A/C.~/L.IZZ)

, 8 Cuba, ~cuador, Guatemala, A/C.~/L.IZS(seepara. 15
Mexico and Umguay: draft of document A/1643)
resolution

,, 5 India, Indonesia and Philip- A/C.~/L.IZ~ (see para. g
pines :amendment to the joint of document A/1643)
draft resolution of Brazil,
Cuba, Mexico, Syria and
Uruguay (A/C.~/L.II~/R~V.I)

., 8 Uiiion of Soviet Socialist A/C.~/L.I~O (same
Republics :amendment tothe text as document
joint draft resolution of Cuba, A/C..+/L.126-see
Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico para. 17 of document
and Uruguay (A/C.~/L.IZ~) A/1643)

(9) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: A11661
amendmient to draft resolution II
proposeii by the Fourth Committee
(. .G43'1
(IO) Statement by the Representative of the A/C.4/185
Union cifSouth Africa at the 196th
meeting of the Fourth Committee, on
4 December 19jo

Resolrriionof lhe General Assenrbly:

(II) Resolutiori 449 (\').Question of South-\\'est Africa DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 31

Page 5 Danemark, États-Unis A/C.~/L.IZ~/R~V.I
d'Amérique, Irak, Nor- (voir paragraphe 7
vège, Perou, Salvador, du document A/1643)
Thaïlande et Venezuela :
projet de résolution
revisé
a 8 Union des Républiques A/C.4/L.x26 (mêmetexte
socialistes soviétiques : que le document
amendement au projet A/C.~/L.I~O - voir
de résolution commun paragraphe 17 du
présenté par l'Inde, document A/1643)
l'Indonésieet les Philip-
pines(A/C.~/L.XZZ)
o 8 Cuba, Équateur, Guate- A/C.~/L.IZS (voir
mala, Mexique et Un- paragraphe 15 du
guay : projet de réso- document A/1643)
lution
a 5 Inde, Indonésieet Philip A/C.~/L.IZ~(voir
pines: amendement au paragraphe g du
projet de résolution document A/1643)
commun présentépar le
Brésil,Cuba, le Mexique,
la Syrie et l'Uruguay
(AIC.q/L.xr6/Rev.1)
u S Union des Républiques A/C.~/L.I~O(mêmetexte
socialistes soviétiques: que le document
amendement au projet A/C.4/L.r26 - voir
de résolution présenté paragraphe 17 du
par Cuba. l'Équateur, le document A/1643)
Guatemala, le Mexique
et YUrugua
(A/c.~/L.IZ~)
(9) Union des Républiques socialistes A/1661
soviétiques: amendement au projet
de résolution II propose par la
Quatrième Commission (A/1643)

(IO) Déclaration faite par le représentant AIC.41185
196me séance de la Quatrihee à la
Commission, tenue le 4 décembre

'950

Résolutionde l'Assemblée généra le

(II) Résolution 449 (V). Question du Sud-Ouest africain DOSSIER TKASS.\IITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OLF U.N.
32
II. RECORD SF.THE"ADHOC"COIIMITTE ENSOUTH-WESTAFRICxA g.jr

Records of proceedingsand doctcmenl:

(12) 7th meetin,: A/.4C.4g/SR.7
(13) 8th meeting A/AC.4g/SR.8

(14) 11th meeting A/AC.~~/SR.II
(15) Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on A/rgor
South-West Africa to the General
Assembly [See No. 16, page z]

III. RECOROS OF THE GENERAL ASSES~BLY S,IXTHS ES SI O195.-1952

(16) Official Records of the General Assembly. Sixth Session, Annexes.
agenda item 38 :
Page 26 Report of the Fourth Com- Al2066 and Corr. I
mittee

Resolulion of the GeiteralAssembl:

(17) Resolutioii 570 (VI). Question of South-West Africa

IV. RECORDS OF THE <'ADHOC"COMMITTE ONSOUTH-WESA TFRICA ,95~

Records of proceedings and document:
(18) 30th meeting A/AC.4g/SR.30
(tg) Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on A/2261
South-\\'estAfrica to the General
Assemhly [See No. 32, page 11 and
Addendum to the report of theAd Hoc A/zz61/Add.r
Committee on South-West Africa to
the General Assembly [See No. 32,

Page 301
V. RECORDS CF THE GENERALASSEMBLYS,EVENTHSESSION,1952

Resolictioizof the Genzval Assîmb:y

(20) Resolutio~i 651 (YII). Question of South-\\'est Africa

VI. RECORD SF THE"ADHOC"COJIIIITTE EN SOUTH-\VESA TFRICA1 ,953

Records of proceediiigs aird docrrm:nts
(21) 38th meeting (part III) A/AC.4g/SR.38/Part III

(22)XeEuth-\\'esteAfrica to thettGeneral Al2475

Assembly [See Xo. 32, page 311 and
.4ddendum to the report of the Ad Hoc A/z475/Add.1
Committee on South-\\'est Africa to
the General Assembly [See No. 32,
Page 481 DOSSIER TKANS~~IS PAR LE SECRETAIRE GÉXÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 32

II. DOCUMENT DU COMITÉ SPECIAL DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN, 19.51

Comptes rendus des séances et document:

(12) 7meséance A/AC.4g/SR.7
(13)8me séance .4/AC.4g/SR.8
(14) II~Cséance AIAC.4gjSK.rr
(15) Rapport du Comité spécialdu Sud- A/~gor
Ouest africain l'Assemblée géné-
rale [Voir n" 16, pagez]

III. DOCUMENT OFFICIELS DE L'ASSEMBLÉ GEÉNÉRALE,
SIXIÈMESESSION1 ,951-1952

(16) Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale, sixième session,
Annexes, point 38 de l'ordre du jour:
Page 27 Rapport de la Quatrième A12066et Corr. I
Commission

Résolulionde 12ssembZéefénéyaZ :e
(17) Résolution 570 (VI). Question du Sud-Ouest africain

IV. DOCUMENTS DU COMITE SPÉCIAL DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN, 1952

Comptes rendus des séanceset documents:

(18) 3om~séance A/AC.4g/SR.30
(19) Rapport du Comité spécialdu Sud- .4/2261
Ouest africain l'Assembléegéné-
rale [Voiro32, page 11 et
Additif au rapport du Comité spécialA/zz61/Add.1
du Sud-Ouest africain à I'Assem-
bléegénérale[Voir no32, page 341

V. DOCUMENT SFFICIELSDE L'.~SSEMBLÉE GÉNÉRALE,
SEPTIÈMESES;~ION 1,952

Résolutionde L'Assemblégeénéral:e
(20) Résolution 651 (VII). Question du Sud-Ouest africain

VI. DOCUMENTS DU COMITÉ SPECIAL DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN1,953

Cornfilesrendus des séanceet doc?amenis

(21) 38meséance (troisièmepartie) A/AC.qg/SR.38/Part III
(22) Rapport du Comité spécialdu Sud- A12475
Ouest africainà l'Assemblée
générale[Voir no32, page 361 et
Additif au rapportdu Comité spécial A/zq75/Add.1
du Sud-Ouest africain à 1'Assem-
bléegénérale[Voir n" 32, page 541 DOSSIER 'TRANSMITïED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.
33

VII. RECORI~S OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLYE ,IGHTHSESSION.1953

Records of meetings of the Fourth Committee :

(23) 357th meeting
(24) 358th meeting (see paras. 18-38)
(25) 359th meeting
(26) 361st meeting (see paras. 1-44)
(27) 362nd meeting

(28) 363rd meeting
(29) 364th meeting

Record.;of plenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly :

(30) 460th plenary meeting [extract:.

Generd Assembly aicd Fourth Committeedoczrments :
(31) Burma and India : draft resolution A/C.4/L.304

(32) Official Records of the General Assembly. Eighth Session, Annexes,
agenda item 36, containing the texts of the folloning documents:

Page 51 Report of the Fourth Corn- Al2572
mittee
, 52 Afghanistan, Brazil, Burma, A/C.~/L.~O~/R~V.a Ind
Denmark, Egypt, India, Add.1 (see para. 31
Indonesia, Iraq, Liberia, of document A/2572,
Pakistan, Philippines, draft resolution A)
Saudi Arabia, Syria, Thai-
land and Umguay :draft
resolution

, 54 Afghanistan,Burma, Egypt, A/c.4/L.306 and Add.~
India, Indonesia, Iraq, (seepara. 31 of
Pakistan, Philippines, document A/2572.
Saudi Arabia, Syria and draft resolution B)
Uruguay :draft resolution

Resolution of the GeneralAssembly:

(33) Resolution 749 (VIII). Question of South-West Africa

VIII. RECOR:D SF THE COMMITTE OEN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA,1954

Records of proceedingsand documents

(34) 13th meeting
(35) 34th meeting
(36) 35th meeting VII. DOCUMENT OFFICIELS DE L'ASSEMBLÉ GÉNÉRALE,
HUITIEMESESSION1 .953

Comptes rendus des séances de la Quatrième Commission :
(23) 357moséance
(24) 358meséance (voir par. 18 à 38)

(25) 359meséance
(26) 361"le séance (voir par.I à 44)
(27) 36zmcséance
(28) 363meséance
(29) 364meséance

Comptes rendus des séances plénièrd es L'Assemblégeénéral e
(30) 46omeséance plénière[extrait]

Docvnzents de l'Assembléegénérale et de la Quatrième Commission :

(31) Birmanie et Inde :projet de résolution A/C.4/L.304
(32) Documents officiels de l'Assemblée générale,huitième session,
Annexes, point 36 de l'ordre du jour, où figure le texte des
documents suivants :

Page 56 Rapport de la Quatrième A12572
Commission
D 58 Afghanistan,Arabie saou- A/C.4/L.3og/Rev.r
dite, Birmanie,, Brésil, et Add.1 (voir
Danemark, Egypte, paragraphe 31 du
Inde, Indonésie, Irak, document A/2572,
Libéria. Pakistan, Phi- projet de r4solution A)
lippines, Syrie, Thai-
lande et Uruguay:
projet de résolution
a 59 Afghanistan, Arable saou- A/C.qlL.306 et Add.1
dite,Birmanie,Egypte. (voir paragraphe 31
Inde, Indonésie, Irak, du document A/z572,
Pakistan, Philippines, projet de résolutionB)
Syrie et Uruguay:
projet de résolution

Résolutionde L'Assemblég eénéral e

(33) Résolution 749 (VIII). Question du Sud-Ouest africain

ViiI. DOCUMENT DSU COMITÉ DU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIN, 1954

Comptes reitdus des séanceset documents :

(34) 13meséance A/AC.~~/SR.I~
(35) 34"'~séarice A/AC.73/ÇR.34
(36) 35mr séance AlAC.73ISR.3534 DOSSIER 'IRANSMIïTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OLF U.N.

(37) Conference Room Paper No. &Explanatory memorandum con-
cerning paragraph 12(d) of General Assembly resolution 749A
(VIII) iprepared by the Secretariat, at the request of the
Committee)
(38) Working Group Paper No. I-Excerpts from statements by the
represent-ative of South Africa conceming procedure applied in
the Leape of Nations regarding the examination of reports
and petilions from South-West Africa

(39) Workiilg Group Paper No. 3-The operation of the Councilofthe
League of Nations with regard to the Mandated Territory of
South-West Africa
(40) Working Group Paper No. 4-Informal memorandum concerning
a procedure for the examination of reports and petitions by the
General Assembly (in pursuance of paragraph 12(d) of General
Assembly resolution 749 A (VIII))

(41) Report of iche Working Group of the Committee on South-West
Africa concerning a procedure for the examination of reports
and petitions by the General Assembly [SeeNo. 42, Annexes III
and IV, pages II-141

(42) Report of the Committee on South- Al2666 and Corr.1.
West Africa to the General Assembly Officia1 Records of the
General Assembly,
Ninth Session, Sup-
plement No. 14
(43) Addendum to the report of the Com- Alz6661Add.1
mittee or1 South-West Afnca to the
General Assembly [See No. 59, pagez]

IX. RECORDS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLYN , INTHSESSION,1954

Records of meetings ofthe Foz<rthCornmiltee:

(44) 399th meeting (see paras. 2-37)
(45) 400th meeting (see paras. 5-33)
(46) qorst mceting (see paras. 3-64)

(47) 402nd meeting
(48) 404th meeting

(49) 406th meeting
(50) 409th meeting (see paras. 1-45)

(51) 424th meeting (see paras. 41-72)
(52) 425th meeting
(53) 426th meeting (see paras. 4-26)

(54) 427th meeting [extract](37) Document de s&~nceno 6 - hlémoireespliratif concernantle pdra-
graplw 12 d) de la résolution 749 -i(\'III) de l'AssembléegGn<-
ralr (rkligt? p:ir le Secritariat sur I:Idemande du Comité]

(38) Document no I du Groupe de travail - Extraits de déclarations
faites par le représentant de l'Union sud-africaine au sujet de la
procédure suivie par la Sociétédes Nations pour l'examen des
rapports et des petitions provenant du Sud-Ouest africain
(39) Document n" 3 du Groupe de travail - Pratique suivie par le
Conseil de la Sociétédes Nations en ce qui concerne le Territoire
sous mandat du Sud-Ouest africain

(40) Document na 4 du Groupe de travail - Mémorandum officieux
surla procédure à suivre par l'Assembléegénéralepour l'examen
des rapports et pétitions (en exécutiondes dispositions du para-
graphe 12d) de la résolution 749 A (VIII) de l'Assemblée
générale)
(41) Rapport du Groupe de travail du Comitédu Sud-Ouest africain
sur la procédured'examen des rapports et pétitionspar l'Assem-
bléegénérale[Voir n' 42, annexes III et IV, pages rz à 141

(42) Rapport du Comité du Sud-Ouest Al2666 et Corr.1
africain l'Assembléegénérale Documents officielsde
l'Assembléegénérale,
neuvième session,
Supplément no 14
(43) Additif au rapport du Comité du A/z666/Add.1
Sud-Ouest africain à l'Assemblée
générale[Voir no59, page zj

IX. DOCUMENT OFFICIELS DE L'ASSEMBLÉ GÉNÉKALE.
NEUVIÈMESESS~ON1,954

Comptes rendus des séancedse la QfratrièmeCommissio~i :

(M) 399meséance (voir par. 2 à 37)
(45) 4oomeséance (voir par. 5 à 33)

(46) 401meséance (voir par. 3 à 64)
(47) 4ozmeséance
(48) 404meséance

(49) 406meséance
(50) 4ogmeséance (voir par. I à 45)

(51) 424meséance (voir par. 41 à 72)
(52) 425meséance

(53) 426mcséance (voirpar. 4 à 26)
(54) séance [extrait]35 DOSSIER TRANSIIITTED BY SECKETAKY-GENERAL OF U.N.

Record.;of PIenary meetings of the GeneralAssembly :
(55) 494th plenary meeting (see paras. 2-91)

(56) 500th plenas. meeting (seeparas. 2-133)
(57) 501st plenary meeting (seeparas. 1-127)

GenerulAssembly and Fout.th Committee documents:

(58)Guatemala and Lebanon: draft resolution AlL.178 (adopted by
[See No. 59. page 17, resolution go4 the General Assembly
(W.] without amendment)
(59) Official Records of the General Assembly. Ninth Session, Annexes,
agenda item 34, containing the texts of the followingdocuments:

Page 7 Report of the Fourth Com- A12747
mittee (Part 1)

, 13 Report of the Fourth Com- A/z747/Add.1
mittee (Part II)

, 13 Letter dated 12 October A12753 (see para. g
1954 from the Permanent of document
Representative of Thailand A/z747/Add.1)
to the United Nations
addressed to the President
of the General Assembly

,, 13 Letter dated 13 October A12754(see para. g
1954 from the Permanent of document
Kepresentative of Norway A/z747/Add.1)
to the United Nations
addressed to the President
of the General Assembly

, IO Reon South-\\'est Africa to A/C.4/274
the Fourth Committee

,, 8 India :revised amendments A/C.4/L.333/Rev.r and
to the draft procedure Rev.2 (see paras.
proposed by the Committee 5 (c) and 6 of docu-
on South-West Africa for ment A/z747)
the esamination by the
General Assembly of re-
ports and petitions relating
to the Territory of South-
West Africa (A/2666,
Annex IV) DOSSIER TRANSZllS PAR LE sECKÉTAIHE GÉSÉKAL DE L'O.N.U. 35

Comptesrendus des séancep slénièresde 1'.4ssemblégeénéral e

(55) 4g4mQséance plénière (voirpar. 2 à 91)
(56) 5oomeséanceplénière(voir par. z à 133)

(57) 501meséancepléniére (voirpar. I à 127)

Documents de2'AssembUegénérale et de la QuatrièmeCommission :

(58) Guatemala et Liban : projet de réso- AlL.178 (adoptésans
lution [Voirno jg, page rg, réso- modification par
lution go4 (IX)] l'Assembléegénérale)
(59) Documents officiels de l'Assembléegénérale. neuvième session,
Annexes, point 34 de l'ordre du jour, où figure le texte des
documents suivants :

Page 8 Ra port de la Quatrième
tommission (première
partie)

D 14 Rapport de la Quatrième
Commission (deuxième
partie)
ï 14 Lettre en date du 12 octobre A/27j3 (voir paragraphe g
1954 adressée au Prési- du document
dent de l'Assembléegéné- AI2747lAdd.1)
rale par le représentant
permanent dela Thaïlande
auprèç de l'organisation
des Nations Unies

D 14 Lettre en date du 13octobre Al2754 (voir paragraphe g
rgj4 adressée au Prési- du document
dent de l'Assemblée géné- Al27471Add.1)
rale par le représentant
permanent dela Norvège
auprès de l'organisation
des Nations Unies

a II Rapport du Sous-Comitédu A/C.q/z74 et Corr.1
Sud-Ouest africain à la
Quatrième Commission
D S Inde :amendements revisés A/C.q/L.333/Rev.1 et
au projet de procédure Rev.2 (voir para-
roposépar le Comitédu graphes 5 c) et 6 du
gud-ouest africain pour document A/2747)
I'esamen par 1'Assemblée
généraledes rapports et
petitions relatifs au Terri-
toire du Sud-Ouest afri-
cain (A/2666, annexe IV) DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERA OLF U.N.
36
Page fiIndia, Mexico,Nonvay, Syria A/C.4/L.334
and United States of
America : draft resolution

;'Pem and Philippines :
, amendment to the draft AIpara. 5 (a) ofc
proccdurt prol~osrdby tlic document A/z747)
Conimittcc on South-\i'est
Africa for the cxaminatior.
by the General Assembly
of reports and petitions
relating to the Territory
of South-West Africa
(A/2666,Annex IV)

,, 8 Colombia : amendment to A/para..53(c)sof
A/C.4/L.333/Rev.z document A/2747)

, ;. Colombia : amendment to AIC.4iL.337 (sec
the draft procedure pro- para. 5 (b) of
posed by the Committee document A/2747)
on South-West Africa for
the examination by the
General Assembly of re-
portsand petitions relating
to the Territory of South-
West Africa (A/2666,
Annex IV)
, 7 Mexico: amendments to draft
resolution A/C.4/L.334

,, 13,Brazil, Chile, Denmark, A/C.4/L.340 (see
Mexico, Peru and United para. 3 of document
States of America : draft A/z747/Add.1)
resolution

, 12 Bunna, Egypt, India, Leba- A/C.4/L.341
non, Liberia and Philip-
pines : draft resolution
, 12 Burma,Egypt, India, Leba- A/C.4/L.34z
non,Liberia, Pakistan and
Syria :draft resolution

Resolutionsof the GeneralAssembly :

Page 17 Resolution 844 (IX). Proce- (A/R~so~u~io~/zor)
dure for the examination
of reports and petitions
relating to the Territory
of South-West AfricaDOSSIERTRANSMIS PARLE SECHÉTAIRE GÉNÉKAL DE L'O.S.U. 36

Page 7 États-Unis d'Améri ue. A/C.4/L.334
Inde, Mexique, Jorv~ge
et Syrie: projet de réso-
lution
n 8 Pérouet Philippines : AlC.4lL.335 (voir
amendement au projet de paragraphe 5 a) du
procédure proposépar le document A/z747)
Comité du Sud-Ouest
africain pour l'examen
par l'Assembléegénérale
des rapports et pétitions
relatifs au Territoire du
Sud-Ouestafricain (A/z666,
annexe IV)
o S Colombie : amendement au A/C.4/L.336 (voir
document A/C.4/L.333/ paragraphe 5 c) du
Rev.2 document A/2747)

8 Colombie : amendement au A/C.4/L.337 (voir
projet de procédure pro- paragraphe 5 b) du
posé par le Comité du document Ajz74j)
Sud-Ouest africain pour
l'examen par l'Assemblée
générale desrapports et
pétitions relatifs au Ter-
ritoire du Sud-Ouest afri-
cain (A/2666, annexe IV)

a 7 Mexique : amendements au A/C.4/L.336
projet de résolution
AlC.41L.334

n 14 Brésil, Chili, Danemark. A/C.4/L.34o (voir
États-Unis d'Amérique, paragraphe 3 du
Mexique et Pérou : projet document A/z747/Add.r)
de résolution
n 13 Birmanie. Égypte. Inde, A/C.4/L.341
Liban, Liberia et Philip-
pines:projet de résolution

u 13Birmanie, Égypte. Inde, A/C.4/L.342
Liban. Libéria, Pakistan
et Syrie: projet de réso-
lution

Résulzrlionsde l'Assembléegénéral e

Page 18 Résolution844 (IX). Procé- (A/RE~OLUTID~-/20i)
dure pour l'examen des
rapports et pétitionsrela-
tifs au Territoire du Sud-
Ouest ilfricain DOSSIERTRANSMITTED BY SECHETARY-GENERAO LF U.N.
37
Page 17 Resolution go4 (IX). Voting (A/RESOLUTION/ZZ~)
procedure on questions
relating to reports and
petitions concerning the
Territory of South-West
Africa: request for an
advisory opinion from the
International Court of
Justice

,, 18 Resolution 851 (IX). Report (A/R~so~u~ro~/zz6)
of the Committee on
South-West AfricaDOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U.
37
Page 19 Résolutiongo4 (IX). Procé- (A/RÉso~u~io~/zz5)
dure devote que I'Assem-
bléegénéraledevra suivre
sur les questions touchant
les rapports et les péti-
tionsrelatifs au Territoire
du Sud-Ouest africain :
demande d'avis consultatif
adressée à la Cour inter-
nationale de Justice
v 19 Résolution 851 (Ir;).Rap- (A/RÉSOLUTION/ZZ~)
port du Comitédu Sud-
Ouest africainPART III.-ADDITIONAL NOTES RELATING TO THE
REQUEST FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION Oh' SOUTH-WEST
.4FRICA (VOTING PROCEDURE)*

1. Correction to I~~lrodnctory Note O/ dossier
There is a niinor error in theIntroductory Note of the dossier of

documents transmitted to the Court by the Secretary-General.
The Note says in paragraph 28 that at its ninth session the General
Assembly ado~ited three resolutions relating to South-West Africa.
In fact, four resolutions were adopted at that session. The one
to which reference was unfortunately omitted in paragraph 28,
although it is mentioned in paragraph 52. is resolution 851 (IX)
on the report of the Cornmittee on South-West Africa. The text
of this resolution is given in document number 59, page 18.

II The scope of the zrnanimity ritle in the Cozr?tcilof the Leagfceof
hrations

It has often been assumed in the course of the discussion of
South-West Africa. and \vas expressly stated by the Working
Group of the Cornmittee on South-West Africa in 1954', that

"...Article 5 of the Covenant of the Leagueof Nations and rule
IX of the iules of the Councilof the League of Nations provided
that decisions by the Council required the agreement of al1 the
Members of the League represented at the meeting and that there-
foredecisioiisby the Councilregardingreports and petitions relating
to thc Terri.toryof South-Wcst Africa implied the agreement of the
Union of South Africa".
This note contains some further information about the general
scope of the unanimity rule in the Leagiie Council, and about its

application in matters relating to Mandates.
Article 22 of the Covenant of the League, which laid upon
hlandatories tlie obligation of subrnitting annual reports ta the
Council, makei no express provision concerning voting in the
Council concerning the Mandates. The general provision on voting
is Article 5, paragraph I, of the Covenant, which provides that

"Except where otherwise expressly provided in this Corcnant
or by the lerms of the present Treaty, decisions at an? meeting
of the Asseml~lyor of the Council sliall require the agreement of
al1the Ilcrribersof the Leaguereprcsrntcd at the mcetiiig."

' I>ossicr, Docuin42, pp.12-13,para7. 38

TROISIÈ'IE PARTIE. - NOTES COMPLE~VIENTAIRES
COXCERNANT LA DEMANDE D'AVIS CONSULTATIF

RELATIVE AU SUD-OUEST AFRICAIX
(PROCÉDIJRE DE VOTE)*
[Trndz~ction]

1. Correction <iaefiorter dans la note introdzrctive an dossier
II s'est produit une légèreerreur dans la note introductive au
dossier de documents transmis à la Cour par le Secrétaire général.
11est dit au paragraphe 28 de la note qu'à sa neuvième session,
l'Assemblée généralea adopté trois résolutions au sujet du Sud-

Ouest africain. En fait, quatre résolutions ont étéadoptées lors
de cette session. Cellc qu'oa malheureusement omis de mentionner
au paragraphe 28, bien qu'il en soit question au paragraphe 52,
est la résolution851 (IX) concernant le rapport du Comitédu Sud-
Ouest africain. Le texte de cctte résolution figure au document 59.
page 19.

II. Portke ide la règle de l'n~i~artiriéut Coitseil de ln Sociktédes
Xatio~zs
On a fréquemment dit au cours des discussions relatives au
Sucl-Ouest africain, et le groupe de travail du Comitédu Sud-Ouest
africain a déclaréexpressément en 1954 ',que :

i...aux termes des dispositions de l'article 5 du Pacte de la
Sociéti.des Xations et de l'article IX du règlement intérieur,du
Conseil de la Sociétédes Nations, les décisionsdu Conseildcvaicnt
ctre prises i I'unaniniitt des Membres de la Sociéreprésentésàla
rkunion ct que, par conséquent, les décisionsdu Conseil reiatives
;IITerritoire du Sud-Ouest africain ne pouvaient êtreprises qu'avec
l'assentiment de l'Unionsud-africainein.
Cettc notc coriticnt d'autres renseignements eiicore sur la portée
ghiCralc de la rkglc dc l'unariimité au Conseil de la Sociétédes

Satioris ct sur son application aux questions conccriiant les Jlandats.
I.'articlc zz du Pacte dc la Sociétédes Nations, par lequel les
.\laridatairessont tcnus de soumettrc des rapports annuels au
Coiiscil, iic conticrit aucunc disposition expresse au sujet de la pro-
cddurc de votc dri Conseil en ce qui concerne les Mandats. La dis-
position généralesur la procédure devote est contenue à l'article 5,
aragr graph1, du Pactc, où il est dit que:
,<Sauf disl)osition esprcssénient coiitrairc du prksent Pactc
oii dcs clauses di1 l~réseritTraité, les décisionsde I'Assemblée,?~
c111Coiiseil sont priseà l'unanimité desMembres de la Societé
rcl1r6scntiàsla rbunion.II39 DOSSIER TRANSMITTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

It will be convenient first to explore the meaning of the phrase
"al1 the Members of the League represented at the meeting", and
then to survey briefly the various exceptions to the unanimity
rule which were provided or were developed in the practice of the
Council.
Paragraph 5 of Article 4 of the Covenant provides that :

"Any lfember of the Leaguenot represented on the Councilshall
be invited to send a representative to sit as a member at any
meeting of the Council during the considerationof matters specially
affectingthe interests of that Member of the League."
Paragraph O of the same Article provides that :

"At meetings of the Council,each Member of the League repre-
sented on the Councilshall have one vote, and may have not more
than one rcpresentative."
It was the iisual practice of the Council to interpret the right

of a non-member of the Council "to sit as a member" as implying
a right to vote. Not only was the article applied ta Members of
the League which were not members of the Council. It was even
applied by analogy to non-members of the League, a practice for
which there is the highest judicial authonty. The Permanent Court
of International Justice, in its twelfth Advisory Opinion, relating
ta Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Treaty of Lausanne l, declared
that Turkey, then not a member of the League, should be allowed

ta take part in the voting in the Council on the dispute being
considered. In that case, however, because of special circumstances
which will be examined later, the votes of the parties were not to
be counted in ascertaining whether there was unanimity.

There were various exceptions to the unanimity rule in the
Council. In the first place, there were a number of provisions in

the Treaty of Versailles outside of the Covenant and in the other
peace treaties ~vhichprovided fora majority vote instead of unani-
mity Moreover, it was soon established, and \vas provided in the
rules of proceclure of the Council3 as well as of the Assembly, that
unanimity war; not necessary when there was a provision to that
effect in any treaty, even when the treaty was later in date than
the Treaty of Versailles and quite separate from the peace settle-
ments. As an example, it is sufficient to mention the provision of
the Statute of the Peimanent Court of International Justice

concerning the participation of the Council in the election of judges.
Moreover, it is specified in Article 5,paragraph z, of the Covenant
that al1 matters of procedure, includinr the appoinAAent of com-

' l'or example, Treaty of VersailArt.2r3, and para.40of Annex to PartIII,
.--.A..
"ulç IX of tliCouncil.Il serait bon d'examiner tout d'abord la signification de la phrase
« à l'unanimité des Membres de la Sociétéreprésentésà la réunion 31
et ensuite de passer brièvement en revue les diverses dérogations
à la règle de l'unanimité prévues ou survenues dans la pfatique du
Conseil.
Le paragraphe 5 de l'article4 du Pacte dispose que :

iTout Membrede la Société qui n'est pas représenté auConseil
est invité à y envoyer siéger unreprésentant lorsqu'une ,question
qui l'intéressearticuli6rement est portéedevant le Conseil.

Le paragraphe 6 du meme article dispose que :

«Chaque Membre de la Société représentéau Conseilne dispose
yue d'une voix et n'a qu'un représentant.

Dans la pratique du Conseil il était d'usage de considérer que
le droit pour un Membre qui n'était pas représenté au Conseil
«de siégeren qualité de membre n impliquait le droit de vote. Cet
article n'était pas seulement appliqué aux Membres de la Société
qui n'étaient pas représentésau Conseil. 11était m@meappliqué

par voie d'analogie à des pays qui n'étaient pas membres de la
Société,pratique qui se revendiquait de la plus haute autorité
judiciaire. Dans son avis consultatif no 12, concernant l'article 3,
paragraphe 2, du traité de Lausanne', la Cour permanente de
Justice internationale a émis l'avis que la Turquie, qui n'était pas
membre de la Société à l'époque, devait êtreautorisée à prendre
part au vote du Conseil dans l'affaire en litige. Toutefois, dans
cette affaire, en raison de circonstances particulières qui seront
examinées par la suite, il fut décidéque les voix des parties ne

compteraient pas dans le calcul de l'unanimité.
11y a eu diverses dérogations à la règlede l'unanimité au Conseil.
Tout d'abord. plusieurs dispositions du traité de Versailles, en
dehors du Pacte même,ainsi que d'autres traités de paix prbvoy-
aient un vote majoritaire au lieu du vote de l'unanimité a.En outre,
il fut bientôt établi et spécifiédans les règles de procédure du
Conseil3, ainsi que dans celles de l'Assemblée, que l'unanimité
n'était pas nécessaire lorsqu'il existait une disposition à cet effet
dans un traité qtrelconque,mêmelorsque ce traité était postérieur
au traité de Versailles et tout à fait indépendant des accords de

paix. 11suffit de citer comme exemple les dispositions du Statut
de la Cour permanente de Justice internationale relatives à la
participation du Conseil dans l'élection des juges.
En outre, il est stipulé à l'article 5, paragraphe 3, du Pacte que
toutes les questions de procédure, y compris la désignation des

C,P.J. 1.. SérB,norz,p. 33.
Par exemple, trait6 de Versailles, article 213 et p40ade l'annexe
Introisieme uartie. section IV.40 DOSSIER TRANS.VITïED BY SECXETAKY-GENEX OAL U.N.
mittees to investigate paeicular matters, should be decided by

a majority of the Members of the League represented at the meeting.
In the practice of the Council it was established that certain types
of matters wtre matters of procedure. In the first place, rules of
procedure were always treated as matters of procedure '. It was
impliedly provided in the first rules of procedure adopted by the
Council that al1 decisions relating to individuals should be taken
by majority vote %.Moreover, there is at least one clear case showing
that the Couricil interpreted the expression "the appointment of

committees to investigate particular matters" as including the
decision to establish such a committee as well as the decision on
its composition, and hence subject to majority votes. It is also
probable that the Council regarded as procedural the decision on
whether to invite a non-member of the League to sit with the
Counci14. On other points, for esample the vote necessary for the
Council to request an advisory opinion from the Permanent Court,
there were statements by representatives that a majority was

sufficient, but no clear decision was ever taken by the Counci15.

It was also established in the practice of both the Council and
the Assembly that an abstention did not prevent unanimity and
did not constitute a riegative vote'.
There are two articles in the Coveiiant which provide that in

certain circumstances the vote of the State or States most directly
concerned should not be counted in deterinining whether the
necessary unanimity had been obtained. These provisions, which
require only what rnay bc called a qflalified unanimity, are appli-
cations of the principle that no one shoulcl bc a judge in his own
cause. One of them is Article 15, concerning settlement of any
dispute between Rlembers of the League which is likely to lead to
a rupture and which is not submitted to arbitration or judicial

se'ttlement. Paragraphs 6, 7 and IO of Article 15 provide that the
votes of the parties cannot prevent the cffccts of othenvise unani-
mous decision:; of the Council or the Assembly.
The other article is Article 16, which provides in paragraph 4 :

"Any Alc:mberof the League which has violated any covenant
of the Leahwernay be declared to be no longer a Member of the

'Ç. A. Riches, The Unonirnily Rtorrdflia LeagO/~Vnlions,pp. 54-56.
'Rules of procedure of the CouncilnileIS. This provisio,vas, hoii-ever,
rnodifiedinthe mies adopted in 1933.
'League ofJations Officia! Journal, 1931. pp. 2322-2329.
'Y. O. Hudson, Tho Per>rrorrenlCoiirl O/ Inler~raliortal Jri1920-1942.
PP. Ga-494.
'C.A. Riches,op.cilpp. 42-50. DOSSIER TRANS>lIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'0.N.U. 40

commissions chargées d'enquêter sur des points particuliers, sont
décidées à la majorité des Membres de la Société représentés à la
réunion. Dans la pratique du Conseil, il fut etabli que certains
genres d'affaires relevaient des questions de procédure. Première-

ment, les règles de procédure ont toujours étéconsidéréescomme
des questions de procédure '.II fut implicitement prévu, dans les
premiers articles du règlement intérieur adoptés par le Conseil,
que toutes les décisions relatives à des individus seraient prises
à la majorité des voix 2. En outre, il existe au moins un exemple
précis indiquant que, selon l'interprétation donnée par le Conseil,

l'expression nla désignation des commissions chargées d'enquêter
sur des points particuliers n englobait également le vote relatif à
la constitution ainsi qu'à la composition d'une telle commission et,
dès lors, le vote à la majorité des voix II est également possible
que le Conseil considérait comme question de procédure la décision
sur le point de savoir s'il fallait inviter un État qui n'était pas
membre de la Société à siéger au Conseil '. Sur d'autres points,

par exemple le nombre de voix nécessaire pour permettre au
Conseil de demander un avis consultatif à la Cour permanente,
certains représentants estimèrent qu'une majorité suffisait, mais
le Conseil lui-mêmene prit jamais de décisionbieri nette K.
II fut également établi dans la pratique, tant du Conseil que de
l'Assemblée,que les abstentions n'empêchaient pas l'iinaniinité et
n'étaient pas considérées commevotes négatifs O.

Deux articles du Pacte prévoient quedans certainescirconstances
le vote de I'ptat ou des États directement intéressésiie comptera
pas dans le calcul de l'unanimité. Ces dispositions qui exigent
uniquement ce que l'on pourrait appeler une unanimité «relative »
(qzaalihed)constituent une application du principe que nul ne peut
êtrejuge en sa propre cause. L'une d'elles consiste en l'article 15

relatif au règlement 'de différends entre Membres de la Société,
susceptibles d'entraîner une rupture, et qui n'ont pas été soumis
à la procédure de l'arbitrage ou à un règlement judiciaire. Les
paragraphes 6, 7 et IO de l'article 15 portent que les votes des
parties n'empêchent pas les décisions prises à l'unanimité des
autres membres du Conseil ou de l'Assemblée de prendre effet.
L'autre en question est l'article 16 dont le paragraphe 4 dis-

pose que :

rPeut êtreexclu de la Sociététout Membre qui s'est rendu
coupable de la violation d'un des engagements résultantdu Pacte.
< C.A. Riches, The UnanimityRtilsand the Lcagtof iValio»pp. 54-!6.
Règlement intérieur du Conseil, article IX. Toutefois, cette disposition a ét6
modifi6e par le règlement adopte en 1933.
Journal Officiel de la Saciét6des Sations.pp. 549-5.51.
Journal Officiel la Sociétl. des Satian1931,pp. 2322-2329.
' 21. 0.Hudson, The Permanent Court of Irile?rtutiaJBSI~CC.1920-1942.
PI> .88-494.
* C.A. Riches,op.dl., pp42-50.41 DOSSIER TRANSMIlTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.
League by ;lvote of the Council concurred in by Representatives
of al1the other hIembers of the League represented thereon."

Apart from these two provisions, there is no other express
stipulation in the Covenant preventing a Member from being judge
and party in the same case. Articles IO, II, 13 and 19 of the Cove-
nant, under which disputes could also be brought before the organs
of the League, contain no provision against counting the votes

of the parties to the dispute. Article 22 on the Mandatory System
is likewise silerit in this regard.
Two of the draftsmen of the Covenant, Lord Cecil of Chelwood
of the United Kingdom and hlr. Scialoja of Italy, suggested in
1930, when amendment of Article 13 of the Covenant was under
consideratioii, that it was only by inadvertence that a provision
on qualified unanimity had been inserted in some of the articles
concerning disl~utes and omitted from others. Lord Cecil, in
supporting a p:roposed amendment, said l:

"He himself had always held that it must have been by some
accident that the rule in the Covenant providing that unanimity
should not comprise the parties to the dispute had only been
enacted in (certain cases. Obviously, if it were the right rule, it
should be applied to al1cases of dispute, and he was in Iavour of
taking the opportunity of suggesting that course."

Mr. Scialoja agreed with Lord Cecil, and said 2 :
"There was no doubt that ...it had been simply by an oversight
that it had not been said that the votes of the interested parties
should not figure in calculatingunanimity."

However the omission may have arisen, it will be of greater
interest to see how the text of the Covenant was applied in practice

by the Council of the League. In the practice of the Council there
were certain cazes in which the mle of qualified unanimity and the
principle that no one should be both judge and party in his own
case were applied, even though the cases did not arise under the
provisions of the Covenant which specifically incorporated this rule.
The first such case arose in 1922, when the Council was called
on under Article 393 of the Treaty of Versailles, which made no
special provisioii on voting, to designate the eight States of chief
industrial importance for the purpose of representation on the

Governing Body of the International Labour Organisation. India
requested, under Article 4 of the Covenant, that it be allowed to
sit as a member of the Council during the consideration of its
claim for designation as one of the eight States. The Council

' 3Iinuteof the Cornmittee for the Amendment of the Covenaof the League
1930.v.p. 47.bring it into Harmony \rith the Pact of Paris, Uoc. C.160.>1.69.
* Ilid.p. .+S. DOSSIER TKANSIIIS PAU LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.G. 41

L'exclusionest prononcéepar le vote de tous les autres Membres
de la Sociétéreprésentés auConseil. a

En dehors de ces articles, le Pacte ne contient aucune autre
disposition expresse interdisant à un Membre d'êtrejuge et partie
en la même affaire. Lesarticles IO, II, 13 et 19 du Pacte, en vertu
desquels les différends pourraient également être soumis aux
organes de la Société,ne contiennent aucune disposition interdisant
de tenir compte du vote des parties au différend. L'article 22,
relatif au système des Mandats, est également muet à cet égard.
En 1g30, au moment où l'on envisageait d'apporter un amen-
dement à l'article 13 du Pacte, deux des auteurs du Pacte,

Lord Cecilof ChelWood(Royaume-Uni) et hl. Scialoja (Italie) expri-
mèrent l'avis que c'était uniquement par inadvertance qu'une dis-
position relative à l'unanimité « relative,,avait été inséréedans
certains articles visant les différends et omise dans d'autres. A
l'appui d'un amendement proposé, Lord Cecil déclarace qui suit ':
<Le vicomte Cecil lui-mêmea toujours étt.d'avis que ce doit
êtrepar accident que la regle di1Pacte de la Sociétédes Nations
suivant laquelle l'unanimiténe doit pas comprendre les parties au
différend n'a étéspécifiée que dans certains cas. Évidemment,
si c'est une règlejuste, elle doit s'appliquer tous les différends.
Il est d'avis de saisir cette occasion pour suggérercette modifica-
tion.,i

hl. Scialoja se ralliaà l'opinion de Lord Cecil et déclara :

«Il n'y a pas de doute que ...c'est simplement par oubli ,que
l'on n'a pas dit que les voix des parties intéresséesne figuraient
pas dans le calcul de l'unanimité.

La raison de cette omission importe peu et il est beaucoup plus
intéressant d'examiner de quelle manière le Conseil de la Société
appliqua le texte du Pacte dans la pratique. Dans la pratique il
s'est présenté certains cas auxquels on appliqua la règle de l'una-
nimité erelative »et le principe que nul ne peut êtrejuge et partie
en sa propre cause, mêmelorsque ces cas ne relevaient pas des
dispositions du Pacte mentionnant expressément cette règle.
Le premier casde ce genre se présenta en 1922, lorsque le Conseil
fut appelé, en vertu de l'article 393 du traité de Versailles, qui ne
contient aucune clause particulière quant au vote, à désigner les
huit- principaux États industriels qui seraient représentés au

Conseil d'administration de l'organisation internationale du
Travail. L'Inde demanda, en vertu de l'article 4 du Pacte, I'auto-
risation de siéger au Conseil lors de l'examen de la requête par
laquelle eue demandait à êtredésignéeparmi ces huit États. Le

' Procès-verbadu Cornithpour I'amendemeritdu Pacte de la Soci&t$des Kations.
en vue de le mettre en harmonie avec le Pacte de Paris. Doc. C.iGo.hf.6g.rgJo.V,
P.'7Thid.p,.47.42 DOSSIER TRANSIIITTED BY SECRETAHY-GENERAL OF U.N.

consulted the Director of the Legal Section of the Secretariat,
who gave the opinion that "the Council would act in this affair
as arbitrator, and that India could not be both judge and party
to the case" l.The Council followed this advice, and though India
was offered an opportunity for an oral hearing or for the submission
of a written statement, the right to vote was refused.

Another case also occurred in 1922, when the Council,.pursuant
to a decision of the Peace Conference, \vas considering a boundary
dispute between Austria and Hungary, both of which had agreed
to accept the decision of the Council as binding. A memorandum
by the Secreta.ry-General of the League stated :

"Austria, having declared by the Protocol of Venice 'that she
would accept a decisionrecommended by the Councilof the League
of Nations'. must not take part in the vote, but will at the same
time be n:presented at discussions of the Council in virtue of
Article 4 of the Covenant ....
"The provision of Article 4 of the Covenant does not apply
to Hungary, as she is not a Member of the League. The Council,
however, will nodouht desire to admit the representative ofHungary
to the disciissions on a footing of equality with that of Austria,
as has been done in previous cases ...."

This procedure was followed hy the Councils.
A further caise, in 1923, arose in a similar way, and involved a
boundary dispute between Czechoslovakia and Hungary. In that
case the Council, having first heard the representatives of the
parties in public 4, took the decision at a private meeting at which
thc parties were not present 5.The decision was then comrnunicated

to the parties at a public meetinge, and they were not asked
whether they accepted it.

Still another case occurred in 1924, when the Council was consi-
dering the method of executing the investigations which it was
ernpowered to make under the peace treaties concerning the
carrying out of the mi!itary regulations of those treaties. Six
States, including some which were to be irivestigated, asked under

Article 4 of the Covenant to participatc in the Council during the
discussion '. Tbe Council adopted the view of a commission of
jurists that the treaties of peace contemplated that the Council
would be constituted in its ordinary manner for this purpose, and
consequently al1 the requests were refused

I.eagueofSutir,ns OiïiciJournal,1922,p.1160.
= Ibid., p. 1333.
Vbbid. pp.1184, 1196.
League of Xationî OfliciJournal,1923.pp.556-558.
" Ibid., p.599.
' Ibid.pp. 601-6,m.
* lbid., pp.1315.13~7:ficiJournal,igzq,pp.920-912. DOSSIER TRANSMIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE CÉXÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 42

Conseil consulta le directeur de la Section juridique du Secrétariat,
qui exprima l'opinion que «le Conseil doit agir, dans l'espèce.
comme arbitre et que l'Inde ne peut être juge et partie »'.
Le Conseil suivit son avis et, bien qiie l'on eût offert à l'Inde une
occasion de se faire entendre ou de soumettre une déclaration écrite.

le droit de vote lui fut refusé.
Un autre cas se présenta également en 1922, lorsque le Conseil.
conformément à une décisionde la Conférencede la Paix, examina
un litige relatif à la frontière entre l'Autriche et la Hongrie, ces deux
pays ayant accepté comme obligatoire la décisiondu Conseil. Dans
un memorandurn du Secrétaire généralde la Société, ilest dit ' :

cL'Autriche, ayant déclaré parle protocole de Venise (i,?c-
cepter la décisionqui sera recommandéepar le Conseilde la Societé
des Nations », ne doit pas prendre part au vote, tout en étant
représentée aux délibérations duConseil en vertu de L'article4
di1Pacte....
«La disposition de l'article 4 du Pacte ne s'applique pas à la
Hongrie. celle-ci n'étant pas membre de la Société.Le Conseil,
toutefois, désirerasansdoute admettre le représentantdela Hongrie
aux délibérationssur un pied d'égalitéavec celui de l'Autriche,
comme ill'a fait dans des cas précédent ...D

Le Conseil adopta cette procédures.
Un autre cas datant de 1923 se présenta d'une manière analogue
ct concernait un différend relatif à la frontière entre la Tchéco-

slovaquie et la Hongrie. Ici, le Conseil, après avoir entendu tout
d'abord les représentants des parties en séance publique4, prit
sa décision au cours d'une séance privée à laquelle les parties
n'étaient pas représentées La décisionfut ensuite communiquée
aux parties au cours d'une séance publique et il ne leur fut pas
demandé si elles étaient d'accord.
Un autre cas encore se produisit en 1924, lorsque le Conseil
examina de quelle manière il procéderait aux enquètes que les

traités de paix l'avaient chargé de faire en ce qui concerne I'appli-
cation des clauses militaires contenues dans ces traités. Six États
dont certains devaient faire l'objet d'une enquète demandèrent,
en vertu de l'article 4 du Pacte, à êtrereprésentésau Conseil pendant
la discussion ?. Le Conseil se rallia à l'avis exprimé. par une com-
mission de juristes, selon lequel, aux termes des traités de pais, le
Conseil devait siéger dans sa composition ordinaire et, en consé-

quence, toutes les demandes furent rejetées

' Journal Officie<lelaSociCte des Nation.~ iwr..i.i160
' fbid..p. ,333.
' Ibid.,pp.ri84-1186.
' Journal Officielde la Socii.tCdes Xatioi923.pp. 556-55s.
' Ibid.. pp. 601-602.
' Journal Officiel de la Sociutédes Sation1924. pp. g2o-92'
" Ibid.,pp. 1315-1317.43 DOSSIER TRANSMlTTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

A case in 1925 presents a special interest, since it involved an
advisory opinion from the Permanent Court of International Justice.
Article 3, paragraph 2, of the Treaty of Lausanne provided that if
Turkey and 'Great Britain were unable to agree within a certain
time on the frontier between Turkey and Iraq, the dispute should be
referred to the Council of the League. When the dispute was brought
before the Council under that treaty provision, it was decided in

September 1925 to request an advisory opinion on the questions
whether under the treaty the Council's decision would be binding,
whether the decision had to be unanimous, and whether the repre-
sentatives of the interested parties might take part in the vote l.
The Court, in its unanimous advisory opinion 2,concluded on the
basis of the text of the treaty that the Council's decision would
be binding. It next concluded, on the basis of the composition
and functionc. of the Council, of Article 5, paragraph I, of the
Covenant, and of the silence of the Treaty of Lausanne on voting,
that the unanimity mle applied. The Court then took up the
question whether the parties might vote. The Court first recognized
that "the ve-i general mle laid down in Article 5 of the Covenant

does not specially contemplate the case of an actual dispute which
has been laid before the Council" ; that contingency, however,
was dealt with in Article 15, paragraphs 6 and 7, which excluded
the vote of the parties, as did Article 16, paragraph 4. It followed,
in the Court's. view, that "in certain cases and more particularly
in the case of the settlement of a dispute", the votes of the parties
did not affect the required unanimity. Consequently it was "this
conception of unanimity which must be applied in the dispute
before the Council". Having reached this conclusion, the Court
further stated. :

"It is hardly open to doubt that in no circumstancesis it possible
to be satisfied with less than this conception of unanimity, for, if
such unanimity is necessary in order to endow a recommendation
with the limited effects contemplated in paragraph 6 of Article 15
of theCovi:nant,it must a fortiori be so whena binding decisionhas
to betaken.
"The question which anses, therefore, is solely whether such
unanimity is sufficientor whether the representatives of the parties
must also accept the decision. The principle laid down hy the
requiremerits of a case suchnas7that now before the Council, just
as well as the circumstances contemplated in that article. The
well-knowi mle that no one can be judge in his own suit holds
good."

' LeagueofNations Onicial Journal1925,pp. 1377-1382
P.C.I.J.,S~I..B,N~.IZ. DOSSIER TRANS~IIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉSÉHAI. DE L'O.N.U. 43
Un cas qui se produisit en 192j présente un intérêtparticulier

du fait qu'il comporte un avis consultatif de la Cour permanente
de Justice internationale. L'article 3, paragraphe z, du traité de
Lausanne spécifiait que si, après un certain délai,la Turquie et la
Grande-Bretagne n'étaient pas parvenues à se mettre d'accord
au sujet de la frontière entre la Turquie et l'Irak, le litige serait
porté devant le Conseil de la Sociétédes Nations. Lorsque le litige
fut porté devant le Conseil en vertu de cette disposition du traité,
il fut décidé,en septembre 1925, de demander un avis consultatif
aux fins de savoir si, aux termes du traité, la décision du Conseil
serait obligatoire, si cette décision devait ètre unanime et si les

représentants des parties intéressées pouvaient prendre part au
vote 1.Dans son avis consultatif, pris à l'unanimité 2, la Cour, se
fondant sur le texte du traité, conclut que la décisiondu Conseil
serait obligatoire. Ensuite, se fondant sur la composition et les
attributions du Conseil, sur l'article 5, paragraphe 1, du Pacte,
et sur le fait que la question de vote était passéesous silence dans
le traité de Lausanne, elle décida qu'il y avait lieu d'appliquer
la règle de I'unanimité. La Cour examina ensuite la question de
savoir si les parties pouvaient être admises au vote. La Cour

observa tout d'abord que c la règle très générale de l'article 5 du
Pacte ne vise pas spécialement le cas où le Conseil se trouve saisi
d'un véritable litige », que toutefois ce cas était pris en considé-
ration dans l'article 15, paragraphes 6 et 7.qui exciut le vote des
parties, tout comme dans l'article 16,paragraphe 4.Il enrésulte, de
l'avis de la Cour, que «dans certains cas, et spécialement lorsqu'il
s'agit du règlement d'un différend », les votes donnés par les
représentants des parties n'ont pas l'effet d'exclure l'unanimité
requise. En conséquence «c'est la régle dc I'unanimité ainsi com-
prise qu'il faut appliquer au litige dont le Conseil est saisi ».Après

avoir formulécette conclusion, la Cour déclara en outre :

ccII n'est guere douteux qu'on ne saurait en aucun cas descendre
au-dessous de I'unanimitéainsi comprise ; car, si elle est nécessaire
pour qu'unerecommandationait deseffetslimitésprévus à l'alinéa6
de l'article 15 du Pacte, elle doit I'étaefortiori lorsqu'il s'agitde
prendre une décisionobligatoire. u

cLa question qui se poseest donc exclusivement celle de savoir
si une telle unanimitésufit ou s'ilfaut que meme les représentants
des parties acceptent la décision.Le principe adoptépar le Pacte
dans les alinéas6 et 7 de l'articl15semblerépondreaux exigences
d'un cas comme celui qui est soumis au Conseil, aussi bien qu'à
Shypothèseprévuedans cet article.IIs'agit toujours de la règle
bien connue d'apres laquelle nul ne peut êtrejuge dans sa propre
cause. »

' JournalOfficiede la Socikté des Nations, ,925,pp. 1377.1332
C.P.J. 1.Sirie BnD iz.44 DOSSIER TRANSIII'ITED BY SECRETAHY-CENERA OFL U.K.

The Court theri said that giving the right of veto over the Council's
decision would be contrary to the intention of the Treaty of
Lausanne. Finally it \vas stated that though the votes of the
parties were not to be taken into account in ascertaining whether

there was unanimity, their representatives would "take part in
the vote, for tliey form part of the Council, and, like other repre-
sentatives, they are entitled and in duty bound to take part in
the deliberations of that body". As has been said before, Turkey
was not then a member of the League. The Council. having received
the advisory opinion of the Court, finally decided, over the negative
vote of the representative of Turkey, to accept and follow it '.

There are two other cases which are less clear. In one of them,

ansing under Articles 10 and II of the Covenant, the Council held
a pnvate meeting. at first without the participation of the parties ;
then the parties were called into the private meeting, and a draft
resolution was approved ; and finally a public meeting was held
at which the piirties were asked whether they had any objections.
They declared they accepted what they termed the Council's
"decision", and the resolution was formally adopted 2. In the
other case, in which bath Article II, paragraph 2, and a provision
of a peace treaty were invoked by the parties, the President of the
Council proposi:d that the Council should pronounce on the report

of a sub-cornmittee, but excepted the parties, who were invited
not ta express themselves but to delay giving their final answer
for three months, so that their Governments could examine the
report carefully =.The President's proposal was adopted, and thus
the Council approved the report without the vote of the parties '.

On the other hand, there were two cases of disputes brought
before the Council under Article II of the Covenant in which a
party to the dispute was allowed to vote, and by its vote was
considered to have prevented the necessary unanimity. The first

was in 1928, when the Council considered a dispute between Poland
and Lithuania. Lithuania, which was not a member of the Council.
was asked ta sit in the meeting and to vote. The President proposed
a draft resolution. Lithuania's vote was the only one against the
draft resolution, which otherwise received unanimous support.
The President declared it had failed of adoption
The second case arase in 1931 in the Sino-Japanese conflict over
Manchuria, also brought before the Council under Article Ir. A
draft resolutiori was proposed, calling upon Japan ta withdraw

' Leagueof Nations OfficJournal,,926,p.128.
Leagueof NationsOficial Journa1925,pp. iGgg-i7oo.
' LevgueofNations OfficiJournal,1927,pp. ,404,413
' Ibid.p,.1414.
League of Nations Oficinl Journal, 1928,p. 896. DOSSIER TRAXSMIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉICÉRALDE L'O.N.U. 44
La Cour déclare ensuite qu'il serait contraire à l'esprit du traité

de Lausanne d'accorder un droit de veto capable d'empêcherla
décision du Conseil. Enfin il était dit qu'en dépit du fait que le
vote des représentants ne serait pas compté dans le calcul de
I'unanimité, «ils prendront part au vote. car ils font partie du
Conseil et, comme les autres représentants, ils ont le droit et le
devoir de participer aux délibérationsde ce corps ».Ainsi que nous

l'avons dit précédemment,la Turquie n'était pas membre de la
Sociétéà l'époque. Aprèsavoir reçu communication de l'avis
consultatif de la Cour, le Conseil décida finalement de l'accepter
et de s'y conformer malgré le vote négatif du reprksentant de la
Turquie '.
11existe deux autres cas qui sont moins précis.Dans l'un d'eux,

tombant sous l'application des articles IO et II du Pacte, le Conseil
tint une séance privée, tout d'abord sans la participation des
parties ; celles-ci furent appelées par la suite et l'on adopta un
projet de résolution ; enfin, il y eut une séance publique au cours
de laquelle il fut demandéaux parties si elles avaient des objections
à formuler. Elles déclarèrent accepter ce qu'elles nommaient la

(1décision w du Conseil et la résolution fut formellement adoptée P.
Dans l'autre cas pour lequel les parties invoquaient l'article II,
alinéa z, ainsi qu'une disposition d'un traité de paix, le Président
proposa au Conseil de se prononcer sur le rapport d'un sous-comité,
mais en excepta les parties qui furent invitées à ne pas exprimer
leur avis, mais à remettre leur réponsedéfinitive i trois mois afin

de permettre àleurs gouvernements respectifsd'examiner soigneuse-
ment le rapport %.La proposition du Président fut adoptéeet ainsi
le Conseil approuva le rapport sans que les parties aient pris part
au vote '.
D'autre part. il existe deux exemples dans lesquels le Conseil

ayant étésaisi d'un différend en vertu de l'article II du Pacte,
l'une des parties au différendfut autorisée à voter et où on estima
que son vote avait exclu l'unanimitérequise. Le premier se présenta
en 1928 lorsque le Conseil examina un différendentre la Pologne
et la Lithuanie. La Lithuanie qui n'était pas membre du Conseil
fut invitée à siégeren séance et à voter. Le Président proposa
un projet de résolution. La Lithuanie fut la seule à se prononcer

contre ce projet, adopté à I'unanimité par les autres membres.
Le Président déclara qu'il ne pouvait être adopté =.
Le second cas se présenta en 1931 à l'occasion du conflit sino-
japonais au sujet de la Mandchourie, également soumis au Conseil
en vertu de l'article II. On proposa un projet de résolutioninvitant

1 JournalOffic~iile11So:iCtder Sationi.,926.1,. irf>.
'Journal0Rir.i~ldla S&>eiCde Sarians. 1925.pp i%g-i7oo.
~~ournalOfficirldî la S<icidra Satiiins~(~27pp. 1.404-1.1~3
Ibid.p. 1414.
Journal officidelaSocietd deNations. 1928, p. 896.45 DOSSIER TRASS\IITTED BY SECRETAKY-GEPIERAL OF U.N.

its troops '. Japan was the only member of the Council to vote
against this dr,aft. The draft was regarded as having been defeated 2.
Thus in the practice of the Council a certain number of disputes
brought befor~:the Council under a treaty provision were decided
without counting the votes of the parties ;the Council also decided
to carry out functions concerning the International Labour

Organisation and supervision of fulfilment of the peace treaties
without the participation of States which were or claimed to be
concerned. On the other hand there are two clear cases in which
the Council did not admit any limitation of the unanimity rule
respecting disputes under Article II of the Covenant.
The texts governing voting in the Council having been cited and

the practice of the Council under them having been described in a
general way, it remains noUr to examine the specific practice in
voting on ma.tters concerning Mandates. That practice is very
simple : in the entire history of the Coiincil there was never a
negative vote on any question concerning Xandates, and hence al1
decisions were taken unanimously. Naturally this unanimity
involved from time to time the acceptance of amendmeuts proposed

by or intended to meet the views of Mandatory Powers, the post-
ponement of consideration of matters until the Council's rapporteur
could work out au agreed text, and occasionally an abstention or
a statement of'reservations. It appears never to have been con-
tended in the Council that hlandatories which were members of
the Council did not have the right to vote.

It is clear that at least on one point concerning Mandates, the
unanimity ruli: applied. It was decided by the Council on 22 July
1922 that in the A Mandates, as well as the B and C Mandates,
any alterations of the terms would require unanimity 3.This was,
however, the only category of questions relating to Mandates on
which an expi-ess decision was taken concerning voting.

As for the participation in the Council of Mandatories which were
not members of that body, there was a gradua1 development of
practice. In the early days of the League, al1 of the Mandatories
were membeis of the Council except for the three Dominions
Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. A representative of
the "British E:mpireU sat as a permanent member of the Council,
but during the first three years of the League no special represent-

ative of a Dominion ever came to the Council. During those three
years such important decisions were taken as the adoption of a
constitution of the Permanent Mandates Commission &,the approval
of the terms of the Mandates under which the Dominions were to

League ofNations OfficiJournal,1931,p. 2341.
Ibid.pp.~~~3.2359.
LeagueoffXationçOfficial JournaSovember-Decernber1920,pp. 87-88. DOSSIEH TKASShIIS PAR LE SECKÉTAIHE GÉSÉKAL DE L'O.N.U. 45

le Japon à retirer ses troupes '. Le Japon fut le seul membre di1
Conscil à voter contre ce projet. On considéra que le projet avait
échoué 2. Ainsi, dans la pratique du Conseil, un certain nombre de
différends qui lui avaient étésoumis en vertu d'une disposition de
traité, furent régléssans tenir compte du vote des parties ; le

Conseil décida également de trancher certaines affaires concernant
l'organisation internationale du Travail et de veiller à l'exécution
des traités de paix sans la participation des États intéressésou
qui prétendaient l'être. D'autre part, il existe deux cas précis
où le Conseil n'admit aucune dérogation à la règle de l'unanimité :
il s'agissait de différends relevant de l'article II du Pacte.
.-\près avoir cité les textes principaux régissant la procédure

de vote au Conseil et décrit d'une mani&regénérale lafaçon dont ils
avaient étéappliqués par le Conseil, il nous reste maintenant à
examiner la pratique observéeen matière de vote sur les questions
relatives aux Mandats. Cette pratique est très simple : dans l'his-
toire du Conseil il n'y a jamais eu d'exemple de vote négatif sur
une question concernant les Mandats, toutes les décisions ayant
toujours étéprises à l'unanimité. Naturellement, de temps à autre,

cette unanimité présupposait l'adoption d'amendements proposés
par les Puissances mandataires ou faits dans le but de leur donner
satisfaction, l'ajournement de l'examen de certaines questions
afin de permettre au rapporteur du Conseil de rédiger un texte
d'accord et, à l'occasion, une abstention ou la présentation de
réserves. Il semble que le Conseil n'ait jamais déniéle droit de
vote aux Mandataires membres du Conseil.

Il est certain que la règle de l'unanimité était appliquée en
ce qui concerne au moins un desaspects de la question des Mandats.
Le 22 juilletlgzz le Conseil décidaqu'une modification quelconque
des termes des Mandats des catégories A aussi bien que B et C ne
pourrait être décidéequ'à l'unanimités. Toutefois, c'est là le
seul genre de questions en matière de Mandats qui ait fait l'objet
d'une décisionen termes exprès.

En ce qui concerne la participation au Conseil des Mandataires
qui ne faisaient pas partie de cet organe, on note une évolution gra-
duelle de la pratique. Lorsque la Sociétéétait à ses débuts, tous les
Mandataires étaient membres du Conseil, à l'exception de trois
dominions : l'Australie, la Nouvelle-Zélande et I'Afrique du Sud.
Un représentant de l'aEmpire britannique >isiégeait au Conseil en
qualité de membre permanent, mais pendant les trois premières
années de la Société,aucun représentant spéciald'un dominion ne

fut jamais délégué au Conseil. Au cours de ces trois années, des
décisions très importantes furent prises, telles par exemple la
création de la Commission permanente des Mandats 4, l'approbation
'
? Ibid.pp.f2358/2359.SociétédesSations, ~.i. ..2..1.
' Journal Officide la Sociétédes Nation1922,p.821.
JournalOfficiede la Sociétédes Xations, novembre-décembre rgzpp. 87-88. DOSSIER TRANSXIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉKAL DE L'O.N.U. 46
des termes du Mandat en vertu duquel les dominions devraient

administrer les Territoires mandatés'. l'invitation faite aux
Mandataires de fournir des rapports l, l'adoption du règlement
intérieur de la Commission permanente des Mandatss, ainsi que
l'examen des deux premiers rapports de la Commission '. Cette
absence des dominions n'est cependant pas imputable à la pratique

en vigueur au sein du Conseil. mais plutôt à des arrangements
propres au Commonwealth britannique concernant la représentation
diplomatique de ses membres. La première fois que des représen-
tants spéciauxdes dominions assistèrcnt aux discussions du Conseil
sur des questions de Mandat fut le 20 avril 1923, date à laquelle

on examina le statut national des habitants des Mandats B et C 5.
A cette occasion, le représentant de l'Union sud-africaine fut
désignépour fairepartie d'un comité de rédaction chargéd'é!aborer
une résolution à soumettre au Conseil.
Le 25 septembre de la mêmeannée, le Conseil décida, à propos
du troisième rapport de la Commission permanente des Xandats,

c d'inviter chacune des Puissances mandataires non représentéesau
Conseil à envoyer un délégué pour prendre part aux délibérations
sur les parties du rapport intéressant son pays 1,'.Ensuite de quoi
les représentants des Mandataires intéressés, non membres du
Conseil, prirent fréquemment part - mais non toujours - aux

délibérations du Conseil sur les filandats. En 1931. le Président du
Conseil reconniit que lesdits Mandataires avaient le droit d'être
représentés. Il déclara que «les Gouvernements de l'Australie et de
la Nouvelle-Zélande ont fait savoir qu'ils n'avaient pas l'intention
d'user de leur drcit de siégerau Conseil en leur qualité de Puissance
mandataire >i'.Il ressort d'autres procès-verbaux cncore que cedroit

était reconnu par le Conseil Le droit de siégerau Conseilen qualité
dc Puissance mandataire fut également accordé au Japon à un
niomcnt où celui-ci n'était plus membrc de la Sociétédes Nations '.
Les Mandataires avaient indubitablement le droit de siégerau
Conseil chaque fois que l'on y discutait des rapports de la Commis-

sion permanente des Mandats concernant leurs Mandats respectifs
ou que l'on y discutait de questions interessant les Mandats en
général,que ces questions aient étésoulevées par la Commission
des Mandats ou non 'O.Par contre. jamais aucun Mandataire qui

' Journal Officide la Sociétédesxations. 1921, p.12.
= Ibid., p. 644.
a Journal Officiel de la SociétédcsNation1922.pp. 88-81),
' journal Officiel laSociétédes Sations, rgzi,pp. i124, 1126, ,133; 1922.
p. ii78.
Vournal Officiel de la Sociétédes Nations, 1~~3. pp. 567-572
' Journal Officiel de la Sociétédes Nations, ,931, p. 2044.
Voir, par exemple, Journal Officiel de la Soci6tB dcs Nations, 1933, p. 13'9;
ibid.1934, p.121 ;ibid.1,935, p. 157.
@ Voir, par exemple. Journal OfficiellaSocifté dcs Xationr15736p. 78; ibid,
1937. P. 85.
1" Voir, par exemple, Journal Officiel de la Sociétédes Xat,916,p. 867. DOSSIER TRAXS~IIS PAII LE SECRÉTAIKE GÉ'ÉRAL I)E L'O.N.U. 47

n'était pas membre du Conseil ne prit part à l'électiondes membres
de la Commission permanente des Mandats. Les Mandataires qui
n'étaient pas membres du Conseil ne participèrent pas aux décisions
initiales de caractère généralqui furent prises entre 1920 et 1922
concernant l'organisation généraledu système des Mandats, proba-

blement pour des raisons qui n'intéressent pas notre sujet. Trois
de ces Mandataires siégèrent cependant au Conseil en 1927, au
moment où il fut décidéde créer un siègesupplémentaire à la Com-
mission des Mandats, afin de permettrela nomination d'un représen-
tant allemand '.
11 semble bien que les procès-verbaux ne contiennent aucune

déclaration spéciale quant au droit de vote des Mandataires non
membres du Conseil prenant part aux délibérationssur les Mandats.
11est cependant arrivé que des Mandataires, tant les non-membres
que les membres du Conseil, soumettent des amendements au
Conseil. 11s'est présentéque le Conseil adopte l'amcndeme!ik 2,
l'adopte en principe et le renvoie au rapporteur chargé d'élaborer

le texte définitif 8, ou qu'il adopte un autre amendement afin de
tenir compte des desiderata du Mandataire 4. 11 s'est prkscnté
également que le Mandataire n'insiste pas. Au cours de la s6ance du
Conseil du g juin 1926, par exemple, Ic représentant de l'Union sud-
africaine - qui ne faisait pas partie du Conseil à l'époque - fit

remarquer que l'un des paragraphes d'un projet de résolution était
inutile. Le Président lui demanda s'il a s'opposait formellement i)
à l'insertion de ce paragraphe. Le représentant de l'Union répondit
par la négative ; il désirait tout simplement faire savoir qu'il ne
voyait pas l'utilité de ce paragraphe en ce qui concernait I'Afrique
du Sud. Le Conseil prit acte de la déclaration et adopta le paragra-

phe 5.Dès lors il n'existe dans les procès-verbaux aucune mention
indiquant qu'on n'ait jamais adopté une résolution malgré l'oppo-
sition formelle du Mandataire intéressé.
Mêmelorsqu'une résolution avait été adoptée sans soulever
d'objection de la part du Mandataire, si par la suite ce dernier
contestait la décision, le Conseil était disposé à remettre toute

l'affaire en discussion. En 1929, par exemple, le Conseil approuva
par une résolution certaines conclusions de la Commission perma-
nente des Mandats 6. Un représentant de l'Union sud-africaine
assistait à la séanceau cours de laquelle la résolution fut adoptée et
il ne souleva aucune objection. Mais, après la séance, il écrivit au
Secrétaire général dela Sociétéque la résolutionavait étéadoptéesi

1 Journal Onicielde la SociétédesSations,1927,pp. 11 18-ir2i.
Journal OBiciel dela Sociét6des Sations, 1925. p. '366. Amendement savmis
par l'Union sud-africaine.
Ibid., p. 1365. Amendement soumis par l'Afrique Sud.
' Journal Olhciel de la Socidté desrations, 1gz4, pp. 339-341. Amendement
soumis par Lereprésentnntbritanni-ue -our répondre aux désiderotn de I'tinion
sud-africaine.
"Journal Oniciel de la Saciétédes Nations, rgp.,867.
Journal Officiel de Sociét6dos Nations, 1929, pp. 1465-1472had been adopted so swiftly that he had no opportunity to present
his comments. The Council took note of this letter, and decided to

suspend the operation of the resolution with respect to South-.
West Africa and to re-open the discussion of the relevant part of
the Commission's report '. After a postponement of discussion
granted at the request of South Africa, that country finally declared
that it did not intend to oppose the Commission's report 2. The
Council then confirmed its earlier resolution and decided that
it should thenceforth apply with respect to South-West Africa

III. Voting in the GenernlAsse~nbly

Article 18 of the Charter provides in paragraph 2 that "Decisions
of the General Assembly on important questions"-including
various types of questions, one of which is questions relating to
the operation of the Trusteeship System-are to be made by a
two-thirds majnrity of the Members present and voting. Paragraph
3 provides that :

"Decisions on other questions, including the determination of
additional degories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds
majority, shall be made by a majority of the Memberspresent and
voting."

There is little to add to the factual information contained in the
written statement subinitted to the Court by the Governinent of
the United Stai:es of America concerning the history of the drafting
of Article 18. Article 18 as finally adopted is substantially similar
to Chapter V, Section C, of the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals4 escept
that the election ofmembers ofthe Trusteeship Council and questions
relating to the operation of the Trusteeship System were added at
the San Francisco Conference to the list of important questions

requiring a two-thirds inajority. These changes were a consequence
of the establishment of the Trusteeship System, which had not been
provided for in the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals. The changes were
recommended hy Cornmittee 1114,which dealt with thc Trusteeship
System" and mere adopted by Committee 1111,which dealt with
the structure and procedures of the General Assembly 6.

The text as thus altered was submitted to the Co-ordination

Committee. A representative in that Committee's Advisory
Committee of J'urists objected that the article failed to cnunciate
in clear and Ibroad terms what "important" questions wouid

' League of 'Jations Official Journal, rp..1694.
'Ibid.e.p. 69-70.s Official Journ,930, p. 139.
Documentsof the United Xations Conference on international Organiration
(hereafter refer?Odas"USCIO Docs."), Vol. 3, p6.
jUNCIO Docç., VolIO,pp 543. 56,.
*Ibid., Vol. 8,pp. 4SS-489. DOSSIER TRAh'S3lIS PAR LE SECRÉTAIRE GÉNÉRAL DE L'O.N.U. 48

rapidement qu'il n'avait pas eu l'occasion de présenter ses observa-
tions. Le Conseil prit acte de cette lettre et décida de suspendre les
effetsde la résolution à l'égarddu Sud-Ouest africain et de rouvrir
la discussion sur la partie pertinente du rapport de la Commission1.
L'Afrique du Sud demanda tout d'abord un ajournement de la
discussion qui lui fut accordé, puis. déclara finalement qu'elle

n'avait pas l'intention de s'opposer au rapport de la Commission P.
Le Conseil confirma alors sa résolution antérieure et décida qu'elle
s'appliquerait dorénavant au Sud-Ouest africain 3.

III. Le vofe li l'Assembléegénérale

Le paragraphe z de l'article 18 de la Charte dispose que «les
décisionsde l'Assembléegénéralesur les questions importantes i-
y compris certaines catégories de questions dont celles relatives au

fonctionnement du système de Tutelle - B sont prises à la majorité
des deux tiers des hlembres présents et votant B.Le paragraphe 3
préciseque :
R les décisionssur d'autres questions, y compris la détermination
de nouvelles catégoriesde questions à trancher à la majorité des
deux tiers,sont prisesà la majoritédes Membresprésentset votant ».

11n'y a pas grand chose à ajouter aux considérations de fait exposées
dans la déclaration écrite que le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis
d'Amérique a soumise à la Cour concernant l'historique de la

rédaction de l'article 18. L'article 18, tel qu'il a étéfinalement
adopté, est en substance. similaire au chapitre 5, section 5, des
propositions de Dumbarton Oaks 4.A l'exception du fait que la
Conférencede San Francisco ajouta à la liste des questions impor-
tantes exigeant la majorité des deux tiers, l'électiondes membres
du Conseil de Tutelle ainsi que les questions relatives au fonctionne-
ment du système de Tutelle. Ces modifications étaient dues à la

création du système de Tutelle qui n'avait pas étéprévu dans les
propositions de Dumbarton Oaks. Ces modifications avaient été
recommandées par la Commission III4 chargée des questions de
Tutelle 5, et furent adoptées par la Commission 1111 chargée de
I'organisation et de la procédurede l'Assemblée générale '.
Le texte ainsi modifiéfut soumis au Comitéde coordination. Un
représentant, membre du Comité consultatif de juristes, objecta
que cet article ne spécifiait pas en termes suffisamment clairs et

larges quelles étaient les questions «importantes IIqui exigeraient
JournalOfficiel de la Sociétédes Nati1929. p. ,694.
"Journal Officiel de la Sociétédes Nations, 1930, p. r39.
a Ibid., pp69-70.
' Domments de la Conf6rence dcs Nations Unisiirl'organisation internationale
(mentionnés par la suite sous,la désignatadocuments USClO ,I)vol. 3, p6.
Documents UNCIO. vol. IO,pp. 543.561.
"Inid., vol. 8, pp. 488-489.49 DOSSIER TKAKSMITTED Bi'SECRETAKY-GENERAL OF U.N.
require a two-1:hirds vote ', and the Advisory Committee of Junsts

approved a revised text 2. The Co-ordination Committee, however,
preferred the earlier version of the article, and used it as the basis
of discussion =.At the 37th meeting of the Co-ordination Committee.

"Discussion of the new phrase from Committee II/I, 'questions

relating to the operation of the Trusteeship System' brought an
understanding that the questions embraced trust agreements,
decisions on reports and cverythiiig else relating to the System."

The discussion of paragraph 3 of Article 18 was as follows :

"Mr. Robertson asked hlr. Golunsky if the third sentence raised
the possibility that, if the Assemblycould decide hy simple majority
to mmre a question up into the 'important' category, it could also
by a simple majority niove it down again ; he concluded that.
ifso, it was logically conceivable thus to amend the Charter by a
simple majority. 3Iessrs. Golunsky, Liang and the Chairman said
the text wa:jnot subject tothat interpretation."

The final ter:t of Article 18 was approved at a later meeting of
the Co-ordination Committee O. At that meeting it was made clear
that the list of important questions in paragraph z "was not an
inclusive list, and that other provisions for the two-thirds vote
did not need mention".

1 shall now turn briefly to the practice of the General Assembly
in matters of voting. In the first place, unlike the Council of the
League of Nations, the General Assembly has never had to consider
the question whether it could adopt votirig procedures different
from those laid down in the Charter if it were so provided by some
other instrument which conferred special functions on the Assembly.
The peace treaties of 1947. unlike those of 191g. were silent about

voting '. When the Assembly dealt with the question of the disposa1
of the former 1:tal;an colonies, which arose out of a peace treaty,
the President stated, without any objection, that the question was
an important one within the meaning of Article 18, paragraph 2,
of the Charter and that consequently a two-thirds majority was

' UXCIO Docs., Vol. 17, p.407.
Ibid.pp.323..
Ibid.p,. 324.
Ibid.p,. 325.
Ibid.p,. 349.
' Treaty of Peactwith ItalyAnneï XI,paru. 3 (disposaofthe Italian Colonie:)
United niations Treaty Series, Vol. 49, p. 2i5. Cf. the same treaty, Annex VI.
Art. ri (appointment of the Governor of Tries;ibid.p.,189. DOSSIER TRANSSIIS PAR LE SECRETAIRE GESEKAL DE L'O.N.U. 49

la majorité des deux tiers et le Comité consultatif de juristes
approuva un texte revisé %. Le Comité de coordination préféra

cependant s'en tenir à la version originale de l'article et il s'en
servit comme base de discussion =.Lors de la 37rne séancedu Comité
de coordination.
L'examen du nouveau membre de phrase proposépar le Comité
les questions relatives au fonctionnement du système de
II
Tutelle »amène le Comité à conclure que cesquestionscomprennent
les accords de tutelle, les décisionsrelatives au rapport et tout ce
qui a trait au régimede Tutelle4. »

La discussion du paragraphe 3 de l'article 18 se déroula comme
suit :

uM. Robertson demande à M. Golunsky si la troisieme phrase
pourrait signifierque, puisque l'Assembléepeut décider à la majorité
simple d'inscrire une question dans la catégorie des questions
«importantes u, elle peut aussi décider à la majorité simple de la
retirer de cette catégorie.Si tel est le cas,. Robertson en conclut
que l'on peut logiquement conccvoir que la Charte soit amendée
à la majorité simple. 1\11\IGolunsky et Liang déclarent, avec le
Président, que le texte ne se prête pas : Lette interprétation.n

Le texte final de l'article 18 fut approuvé au cours d'une séance
ultérieure du Comité de coordination O. 11fut spécifiéau cours de

cette séanceque l'énumération desquestions importantes au para-
graphe 2 «ne constitue pas une liste complète et que d'autres
dispositions qui prévoient une majorité des deux tiers ne sont pas
mentionnées dans cet article >i.
Je vais maintenant examiner brièvement la pratique en vigueur
à l'Assemblée générale enmatière de vote. Tout d'abord, contraire-

ment au Conseil de la Sociétédes Nations, l'Assemblée générale
n'a jamais eu à examiner la question de savoir si elle pourrait
adopter des procédures de vote différentes de celles prescrites par la
Charte au cas où de telles procédures seraient prévues par un
autre instrument conférant des attributions spéciales à l'Assemblée.
Les traités de paix de 1947. contrairement à ceux de 1919, ont

passé sous silence la question de vote '. Lorsque l'Assemblée
examina la manière dont on disposerait des anciennes colonies
italiennes, question soulevée dans un traité de paix, le Président
déclara, sans qu'il fût soulevé d'objection, que cette qucstion était

Documents UXCIO,vol. 19,p. 402.
Ibid., u n p.416.
Ibid.. u u p.323.
lbid., P n p.324.
"bbid.. i, u .I-ZL.
Ibid., 1 ,, p.34~.
liennes);Recueil dc;Traiti.5des,Sations Unies, \-a49,p. 103.Cfr.rn<.nietrait;.
annexe1.1, art.ii (nominationdu Gouveriieur deTricrie; ibid.p. 75.50 DOSSIER TKANS3iIïTED BY SECRETARY-GENERAL OF U.N.

necessary '; arnendments which received less than that vote were
considered as not adopted =.

As for its regular functions under the Charter, by the end of
1953 the General Assembly had adopted 806 resolutions ; only

t\<-elveof those were adopted by a simple majority, and the other
794 received a majority of two-thirds or more. Article 18 of the
Charter was. however, referred to only with respect to twenty of
the resolutions adopted and to about thirty-three proposals which
were not adopted because they failed to obtain the required
majority.
Special rule 1:. which is the subject of the request for an advisory

opinion now before the Court, is the only case in which the General
Assembly has ever expressly made a "determination of additional
categories of questions to be decided by a two-thirds majority"
under Article 1:3,paragraph 3, of the Charter. Apart frorn this one
instance, the Assembly's decisions on the vote required have as.
a rule been taken with regard to individual questions, and not
with regard to categories. Such decisions have sometimes been

taken on the understanding that they did not constitute precedentsS.
However, the rules of procedure of the General Assembly provide
that three types of interna1 matters relating to the Assembly's
work require a two-thirds majority 4, thoiigh without any express.
reference to Article 18.

.Asregards South-West Africa, al1of the resolutions of the General

Assembly have received at least a two-thirds rnajority. The question
of the vote to be required was extensively debated by the General
Assembly at its second session' in connexion with the report of
the Fourth Conimittee, and finally the President's interpretation
that "this is a subject of importance rcquiring a two-thirds vote"
was sustained by a majority. On the other hand, during the fourth
session of the General Assembly, the President niled without any
challenge that the request for an advisory opinion on South-West

Africa which later came to this Court \vas a procedural matter
and could be decided by a simple majority O. The request was then
adopted by niore than a two-thirds vote.

' General Assembly, OfiiciaRecords, Third SessionPart II, Plenary Meetings.

.. .Ibid.,p.593.
For example, Ckneral Assembly, Official Records, FirstSession,Part II,
Pienary Meetings, p.1060;ibid., Sixth Session, Plen.\leetingsp.468.para. 89:
ibid., p476.para. 195.
Rules i5,19 and 83.
General Assembly, OfficialRecords, Second Session, Plenary Aleetingr.
PP. 573.648.
lbid.,Fourth Sesion, Plenaryaleetingç,. 536.paras133-137 DOSSIER TRANSMISPAR LE SECRÉTAIREGÉNÉRALDE L'O.N.U. 50

importante au sens de l'article 18, paragraphe 2, de la Charte et
qu'en conséquence une décisionexigerait une majorité des deux
tiers ' ; les amendements qui ne rallièrent pas cette majorité
furent considéréscomme non adoptés
Dans le cadre de ses attributions régulièresaux termes de la
Charte, à la fin de 1953, l'Assembléegénéraleavait adopté 806

résolutions ;12 d'entre elles seulement furent adoptées à la majorité
simple et les 794 autres furent prises à la majorité des deux tiers
ou davantage. L'article 18 de la Charte n'a cependant étéinvoqué
qu'a i'égarddes 20 des résolutions adoptées et d'environ 33 proposi-
tions qui ne furent pas adoptées du fait qu'elles n'avaient pas rallié
la majorité requise.
La règle spéciale F, qui fait l'objet de la demande d'avis consul-

tatif dont la Cour est actuellement saisie, constitue le seul cas
pour lequel l'Assembléegénérale n'ajamais procédéexpressément
A 8 la détermination de nouvelles catégories de questions à trancher
à la majorité des deux tiers n, conformément a l'article 18.para-
graphe 3, de la Charte. En dehors de ce seul exemple, les décisions
del'Assemblée quant au vote requis ont en règlegénérale été prises
au sujet de questions isoléeset non pas de catégories de questions.

De telles décisions ont parfois étéprises en stipulant expressément
qu'elles ne pourraient constituer de précédent S.Toutefois, il est
spécifiédans le règlement intérieur de l'Assembléegénéraleque
trois catégoriesde questionsd'ordre intérieur. relatives aux travaux
de l'Assemblée,exigent la majorité des deux tiers4, mais l'article 18
n'est pas mentionné expressément à ce sujet.
En ce qui concerne le Sud-Ouest africain, toutes les résolutions
de l'Assemblée généraleont rallié la majorité des deux tiers au

moins. La question du pourcentage requis a étédiscutée d'une
manière approfondie au cours de la deuxième session de l'Assemblée
généraleQorrélativement au rapport de la Quatrième Commission et
l'interprétation du Président, selon laquelle ac'&taitlà une question
importante exigeant un vote à la majorité des deux tiersn, fut
appuyée par la majorité. D'autre part, au cours de la quatrième
session ordinaire de l'Assembléegénérale,le Président décida sans

qu'aucune objection ne fût soulevée,que la demande d'avis consul-
tatif relative au Sud-Ouest africain, dont la Cour fut saisie ulté-
rieurement, était une question de procédureet pouvait êtretranchée
A la majorité simple % La requête fut ensuite adoptée par une
majorite de plus des deux tiers des voix.

1 Assemhl6e zénérale,Documentsofficiels, troisieme sessideuxième partie,
séances plénieres, p. 583.
' Ibid.p. 593.
a Par exemple. .4ssemblée générale, Documents officiels, premiere session,
deuxihme partie, séancplénibes, p,060: ibidsixieme session. séanslfnières,
p. 513. par. 8ibid.p. 522,paragraphe 195.
' Articlerg,19et 83 dureglement intérieur.
' Assemblk générale,Documents officiels, deuxlesessionséances plénières.
PP. Ibid.quatrièmeSession. seances plénibres,p. 572, parag~aphes 134-137.

Document file FR
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Request for Advisory Opinion (including the dossier of documents transmitted to the Court pursuant to article 65, paragraph 2 of the Statute)

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