Order of 22 May 1975

Document Number
061-19750522-ORD-01-00-EN
Document Type
Date of the Document
Document File
Bilingual Document File

COUR INTERNATIONALDEJUSTICE

RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES

SAHARA OCCIDENTAL

(REQUÊTE POUR AVIS CONSULTATIF)

ORDONNANCE DU 22 MAI 1975

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS

WESTERN SAHARA

(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)

ORDER OF 22 MAY 1975 Mode officielde citation:

du 22 mai 1975, C.I.J. Recp.6.l 1975,

Officialcit:tion

of 22 May 1975,I.C.J. Reports 1975,p. 6.

sales numbe-41 1
Node vente: INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

YEAR 1975 1975
22 May
22 May 1975 GeneraList
No. 61

WESTERNSAHARA

(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)

ORDER

Present: President LACHS;Vice-President AMMOUNJ;udges FORSTER,
GROS,BENGZON, PETRÉNO , NYEAMDAI,LLARDI,GNACIO-PINTO,
DE CASTROM , OROZOV JI,MÉNEDE ARÉCHAGA S,ir Humphrey
WALDOCK, NAGENDRS AINGHR, UDA;RegistrarAQUARONE.

Composed as above,
After deliberation,

Having regard torticles 31and 68 of the Statute of the Court, and to
Articles 3, 87 and 89 of the Rules of Court,
Having regard to resolution 3292X) of the General Asseniblyof
the United Nations dated 13December 1974requesting the International

Court ofJusticeto givean advisoryopinion onthewingquestions:
"1. Was Western Sahara (Rio de Oro and Sakiet El Hamra) at the
time of colonization by Spain a territory belonging to no one
(terra nullius)?

If the answer to the first question is in the negative,
II. What werethelegalties betweenthis territory and the Kingdom
of Morocco and the Mauritanian entity?"

4 Makes thefollowing Order:

Whereas by a letter from the Permanent Representative of Morocco to
the United Nations dated 25 March 1975,the Government of the King-
dom of Morocco alleged that there is "a legal question actually pending"
between the administering Power of Western Sahara, namely Spain, and
the Kingdom of Morocco, as well as other States which are directly
interested; and, basing its request on Article 89 of theRules of Court,
requestedthe appointment of a person to sit in the present proceedingsas
judge ad hoc under Article 31 of the Statute;
Whereas, by a letter from the Chargé d'affaires acl interim of the
Mauritanian Embassy to the Netherlands dated 26 March 1975, the
Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, relying upon Ar-
ticle 31of theStatute of the Court and Articles 87and 89of the Rules of
Court, referred to the recognition of itsinterest in the question of the
Sahara under Spanishadministration by the General Assemblyin resolu-
tion 3292 (XXIX), and informed the Court of its intention to choose a
person to sit asjudge ad hocin the present proceedings;

Whereas the Court includesupon the Bench a judge of the nationality
of Spain,the administering Power of Western Sahara;
Whereas, by a letter from the Ambassador of Spain to the Netherlands
dated 9 April 1975,the Government of the Spanish State informed the
Court that it was convinced that the circumstances which would render
applicable Article 89 of the Rules of Court, in relation to Article 31 of
the Statute, had not arisen in the present case;
Whereas, by a letter from the Ambassador of Algeria to France dated
21 April 1975,the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic
of Algeria reserved its rights to take part in the oral proceedings; and
with reference to the letters referred toin the foregoing recitals, stated
that Algeria reservedits rights ona basis of equality
Having regard to the communications or written statements under
Article 66, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the Court, filed by the Govern-
ments of Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France,
Guatemala, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panama and Spain;
Having regard to the dossier of documentstransmitted to the Court, in

two instalments, by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, pursu-
ant to Article 65, paragraph 2, of the Statute, as likely to throw light
upon the questions;
Having heard the respective observations of Morocco, Mauritania,
Algeria and Spain at public hearings held between 12 and 16 May
1975;
Whereas,for the purpose of the presentpreliminary issueof the compo-
sition of the Court in the proceedings, the material submitted to the
Court indicates that, when resolution 3292 (XXIX) was adopted, there
appeared to be a legaldispute between Morocco and Spainregarding the
Territory of Western Sahara;that the questions contained in the request
for an opinion may be considered to be connected with that dispute; and WESTERN SAHARA (ORDER 22 V 75) 8

that, in consequence, for purposes of application of Article 89 of the
Rules of Court, the advisory opinion requested in that resolution appears
to be one "upon a legal question actually pending between two or more

States" ;
Whereas the inaterial submitted to the Court shows that when resolu-
tion 3292 (XXIX) was adopted, Mauritania had previously adduced a
seriesof considerations in support of its particular interest in the territory
of Western Sahara; whereas however, for the purpose of the present
preliminary issue of the composition of the Court in the proceedings,
that material indicates that, when resolution 3292(XXIX) was adopted,
there appeared to be no legal dispute between Mauritania and Spain
regarding the Territory of Western Sahara; and that, in consequence, for
purposes of application of Article 89of the Rules of Court, the advisory
opinion requested in that resolution appears not to be one "upon a legal
question actually pending" between those States;
Whereas the conclusions stated above in no way prejudge the locus
standi of any interested State in regard to matters raised in the present
case, nor do they prejudge the views of the Court with regard to the

questions referred to it in thebove-mentioned resolution 3292(XXIX),
or any other question which may fallto bedecided inthe fiirther proceed-
iiigs on the present request for an advisory opinion, including the ques-
tion ofthe Court's competence and the propriety of its exercise;

by 10votes to 5,
(1) finds that the Kingdom of Morocco is entitled under Articles 31 and
68 of the Statute of the Courtand Article 89of the Rules of Court to
choosea person to sit asjudge adhoc inthe present proceedings;

by 8 votes to 7,
(2) finds that, in the case of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, the
conditions for the application of Articles1 and 68 of the Statute of
the Court and Article 89of the Rules of Court are not satisfiedin the
present proceedings.

Done in French and in English, the Frencli text being authoritative, at

the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twenty-second day of May, one
thousand nine hundred and seventy-five,in six copies, of which one will
be placed in the archives of the Court, one will be transmitted to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, and the others will be trans-
mitted to the Governments of the following States: Algeria, Mauritania,
Morocco and Spain.
(Sigrzed) Manfred LACHS,
President.

(Signedj S. AQUARONE,
Registrar.
6 President LACHm S akes the following declaration:

[Traduction]
Il se peut que la Cour veuillecommenter de façon plus approfondie la
question de la désignationdejuges adlzocen la présenteaffaire quand elle
se prononcera sur la demande d'avis consultatif. Il va de soi que les
membres de la Cour pourront également exprimer leurs vues sur la

question à ce moment-là, dans l'exercicedu droit que leur confère I'ar-
ticle 57 du Statut.

Judge Mo~ozov appends a dissenting opinion to the Order of the
Court.

(Initialled) M.L.

(Initialled) S.A.

Bilingual Content

COUR INTERNATIONALDEJUSTICE

RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES

SAHARA OCCIDENTAL

(REQUÊTE POUR AVIS CONSULTATIF)

ORDONNANCE DU 22 MAI 1975

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS

WESTERN SAHARA

(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)

ORDER OF 22 MAY 1975 Mode officielde citation:

du 22 mai 1975, C.I.J. Recp.6.l 1975,

Officialcit:tion

of 22 May 1975,I.C.J. Reports 1975,p. 6.

sales numbe-41 1
Node vente: COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE

ANNÉE 1975
1975
22mai
Rôlegénéral 22 mai 1975
no61

SAHARA OCCIDENTAL

(REQUÊTE POUR AVIS CONSULTATIF)

ORDONNANCE

Présents:M. LACHSP , résident;M. AMMOUNV, ice-Président;MM. FOR-
STER,GROS,BENGZON, PETRÉNO, NYEAMA D,ILLARDI,GNACIO-
PINTO,DE CASTRO,MOROZOVJ,IMÉNEZ DE ARÉCHAGAs,ir
Humphrey WALDOCK, MM. NAGENDRS AINGH,RUDA,juges;
M. AQUARONE G,reffier.

Ainsi composée,
Aprèsdélibéréen chambre du conseil,

Vu les articles 31 et 68 du Statut de la Cour et les articles 3, 87 et 89
du Règlementde la Cour,
Vu la résolution3292 (XXTX)de l'Assemblée généraldees Nations
Unies en date du13décembre1974demandant à la Cour internationale
de Justice de donner un avis consultatif sur les questions suivantes:

((1. Le Sahara occidental (Rio de Oro et Sakiet El Hamra) était-il,
au moment de la colonisation parEspagne, un territoire sans
maître (terra nullius)?

Si la réponsàla premièrequestion est négative,
II. Quelsétaientlesliensjuridiques de ceterritoire avecle Royaume
du Maroc et l'ensembleuritanien?)) INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

YEAR 1975 1975
22 May
22 May 1975 GeneraList
No. 61

WESTERNSAHARA

(REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION)

ORDER

Present: President LACHS;Vice-President AMMOUNJ;udges FORSTER,
GROS,BENGZON, PETRÉNO , NYEAMDAI,LLARDI,GNACIO-PINTO,
DE CASTROM , OROZOV JI,MÉNEDE ARÉCHAGA S,ir Humphrey
WALDOCK, NAGENDRS AINGHR, UDA;RegistrarAQUARONE.

Composed as above,
After deliberation,

Having regard torticles 31and 68 of the Statute of the Court, and to
Articles 3, 87 and 89 of the Rules of Court,
Having regard to resolution 3292X) of the General Asseniblyof
the United Nations dated 13December 1974requesting the International

Court ofJusticeto givean advisoryopinion onthewingquestions:
"1. Was Western Sahara (Rio de Oro and Sakiet El Hamra) at the
time of colonization by Spain a territory belonging to no one
(terra nullius)?

If the answer to the first question is in the negative,
II. What werethelegalties betweenthis territory and the Kingdom
of Morocco and the Mauritanian entity?"

4 Rendl'ordonnance suivante:

Considérant que,dans une lettre du 25 mars 1975émanant du repré-
sentant permanent du Maroc auprèsdes Nations Unies, le Gouvernement
du Royauine du Maroc a soutenu qu'il existe ((une question juridique
actuellement pendante ))entre la Puissance administrante du Sahara
occidental, àsavoirl'Espagne, et le Royaume du Maroc ainsique d'autres
Etats directement intéressés;et que, se fondant sur l'article 89 du Règle-
ment, il a demandé la désignation d'une personnalité devantsiégeren

l'affairecommejuge adlzocaux termes de l'article 31du Statut ;
Considérant que, dans une lettre du 26 mars 1975émanantdu chargé
d'affaires ad interim de l'ambassade de Mauritanie aux Pays-Bas, le
Gouvernement de la République islamique de Mauritanie, invoquant
l'article31 du Statut et les articles 87 et 89 du Règlement,a indiqué que
l'intérêqtu'ilporteà la question du Sahara sousadministration espagnole
a été reconnupar l'Assemblée généraldeans sa résolution3292 (XXlX)
et a informé la Courde son intention de désignerune personnalitépour
siégeren qualité dejuge ad hocen l'affaire;
Considérant que la Cour compte sur le siègeun juge ressortissant de
l'Espagne, Puissanceadministrante du Sahara occidental ;

Considérant que, dansune lettre du 9 avril 1975émanantde l'ambassa-
deur d'Espagne aux Pays-Bas, le Gouvernement de 1'Etat espagnol a
infor~né la Cour qu'il était convaincuqueles circonstancesqui rendraient
applicablel'article 89du Règlement,enrapport avecl'article 31du Statut,
ne s'étaient pas produites enl'espèce;
Considérant que,dans une lettre du 21 avril 1975émanant de I'ambas-
sadeur d'Algérieen France, le Gouvernement de la Républiquealgérienne
démocratique et populaire s'est réservéle droit de participer à la phase
orale de la procédureet, seréférant aux correspondances susmentionnées,
a déclaré que l'Algérieréservaitsesdroits à un titre égal;
Vu les communications ou les exposésécrits présentésen vertu de
l'article 66, paragraphe 2, du Statut par les Gouvernements des Etats

suivants: Chili, Costa-Rica, Equateur, Espagne, France, Guatemala,
Maroc, Mauritanie, Nicaragua, Panama et République Dominicaine;
Vu le dossier transmis en deux fois à la Cour par le Secrérairegénéral
de l'organisation des Nations Unies conformément à l'article 65, para-
graphe 2, du Statut, comme pouvant servir à éluciderles questions
posées;
Ayant entendu lesobservationsdu Maroc, dela Mauritanie, de l'Algérie
et de l'Espagne au cours d'audiences publiques tenues du 12 au 16 inai
1975;
Considérant que, aux fins de la présente question préliminaire qu'est
la composition de la Cour en l'affaire, les élémentssoumis à la Cour

indiquent que, au moment de l'adoption de la résolution 3292 (XXIX),
il paraissait y avoir un différendjuridique relatif au territoire du Sahara
occidental entre le Maroc et l'Espagne; que les questions poséesdans la
requêtepour avis peuvent être considéréec somme se rattachant à ce Makes thefollowing Order:

Whereas by a letter from the Permanent Representative of Morocco to
the United Nations dated 25 March 1975,the Government of the King-
dom of Morocco alleged that there is "a legal question actually pending"
between the administering Power of Western Sahara, namely Spain, and
the Kingdom of Morocco, as well as other States which are directly
interested; and, basing its request on Article 89 of theRules of Court,
requestedthe appointment of a person to sit in the present proceedingsas
judge ad hoc under Article 31 of the Statute;
Whereas, by a letter from the Chargé d'affaires acl interim of the
Mauritanian Embassy to the Netherlands dated 26 March 1975, the
Government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, relying upon Ar-
ticle 31of theStatute of the Court and Articles 87and 89of the Rules of
Court, referred to the recognition of itsinterest in the question of the
Sahara under Spanishadministration by the General Assemblyin resolu-
tion 3292 (XXIX), and informed the Court of its intention to choose a
person to sit asjudge ad hocin the present proceedings;

Whereas the Court includesupon the Bench a judge of the nationality
of Spain,the administering Power of Western Sahara;
Whereas, by a letter from the Ambassador of Spain to the Netherlands
dated 9 April 1975,the Government of the Spanish State informed the
Court that it was convinced that the circumstances which would render
applicable Article 89 of the Rules of Court, in relation to Article 31 of
the Statute, had not arisen in the present case;
Whereas, by a letter from the Ambassador of Algeria to France dated
21 April 1975,the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic
of Algeria reserved its rights to take part in the oral proceedings; and
with reference to the letters referred toin the foregoing recitals, stated
that Algeria reservedits rights ona basis of equality
Having regard to the communications or written statements under
Article 66, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the Court, filed by the Govern-
ments of Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France,
Guatemala, Mauritania, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panama and Spain;
Having regard to the dossier of documentstransmitted to the Court, in

two instalments, by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, pursu-
ant to Article 65, paragraph 2, of the Statute, as likely to throw light
upon the questions;
Having heard the respective observations of Morocco, Mauritania,
Algeria and Spain at public hearings held between 12 and 16 May
1975;
Whereas,for the purpose of the presentpreliminary issueof the compo-
sition of the Court in the proceedings, the material submitted to the
Court indicates that, when resolution 3292 (XXIX) was adopted, there
appeared to be a legaldispute between Morocco and Spainregarding the
Territory of Western Sahara;that the questions contained in the request
for an opinion may be considered to be connected with that dispute; anddifférend et qu'en conséquence,pour I'application de l'article 89 du
Règlement, l'avisconsultatif sollicitédans cette résolution paraît être
demandé ((au sujet d'une questionjuridique actuellement pendante entre
deux ou plusieurs Etats D;

Considérantqu'il résultedes éléments soumi s la Cour que, au moment
de l'adoption de la résolution3292(XXIX), la Mauritanie avait invoqué
des considérationsdiverses à l'appui de l'intérêt particulru'elleportait
au territoire du Sahara occidental; que cependant, aux finsde la présente
question préliminaire qu'est la composition de la Cour en l'affaire, ces
élémentsindiquent que, au moment de l'adoption de la résolution 3292
(XXIX), il paraissaitn'y avoir aucun différendjuridique relatif au terri-
toire du Sahara occidental entre la Mauritanie et l'Espagne; et qu'en
conséquence, pour I'application de l'article 89 du Règlement, l'avis
consultatif sollicitédans cette résolution ne paraît pas être demandé
((ausujetd'unequestionjuridique actuellement pendante » entre cesEtats;

Considérant que les conclusions énoncéesplus haut ne préjugent en
rien la position de tout Etat intéresséà l'égard desproblèmes soulevés
dans la présenteaffaire et qu'elles ne préjugentpas non plus les vues de
la Cour sur les questions à elle poséesdans la résolution 3292 (XXIX)
déjà mentionnée ou surtoute autre question qu'il pourrait y avoir lieu
de trancher dans la suite de la procédure relative à la présenterequête
pour avis consultatif, y compris la question de la compétencede la Cour
et del'opportunité de sonexercice;

par dix voix contre cinq,

1) dit que le Royaume du Maroc est fondé,en vertu des articles 31 et 68
du Statut de la Cour et de l'article 89 du Règlement, à désigner une
personne pour siégeren qualité dejuge ad lzocen la présenteaffaire;
par huit voix contre sept,

2) dit que, s'agissantde la Républiqueislamique de Mauritanie, les con-
ditions qui rendraient applicables les articles 31 et 68 du Statut de la
Cour et l'article 89 du Règlementne sont pas remplies en la présente
affaire.

Fait en français et en anglais, le texte français faisant foi, au palais de
la Paix,à La Haye, le vingt-deux mai mil neuf cent soixante-quinze, en
six exemplaires, dont l'un restera déposé auxarchives de la Cour, un
autre sera transmis au Secrétaire générad le l'organisation des Nations
Unies et lesautres seront transmis aux Gouvernements desEtats suivants :

Algérie,Espagne, Maroc, Mauritanie.

Le Président,
(Signé) Manfred LACHS.

Le Greffier,
(Signé) S. AQUARONE. WESTERN SAHARA (ORDER 22 V 75) 8

that, in consequence, for purposes of application of Article 89 of the
Rules of Court, the advisory opinion requested in that resolution appears
to be one "upon a legal question actually pending between two or more

States" ;
Whereas the inaterial submitted to the Court shows that when resolu-
tion 3292 (XXIX) was adopted, Mauritania had previously adduced a
seriesof considerations in support of its particular interest in the territory
of Western Sahara; whereas however, for the purpose of the present
preliminary issue of the composition of the Court in the proceedings,
that material indicates that, when resolution 3292(XXIX) was adopted,
there appeared to be no legal dispute between Mauritania and Spain
regarding the Territory of Western Sahara; and that, in consequence, for
purposes of application of Article 89of the Rules of Court, the advisory
opinion requested in that resolution appears not to be one "upon a legal
question actually pending" between those States;
Whereas the conclusions stated above in no way prejudge the locus
standi of any interested State in regard to matters raised in the present
case, nor do they prejudge the views of the Court with regard to the

questions referred to it in thebove-mentioned resolution 3292(XXIX),
or any other question which may fallto bedecided inthe fiirther proceed-
iiigs on the present request for an advisory opinion, including the ques-
tion ofthe Court's competence and the propriety of its exercise;

by 10votes to 5,
(1) finds that the Kingdom of Morocco is entitled under Articles 31 and
68 of the Statute of the Courtand Article 89of the Rules of Court to
choosea person to sit asjudge adhoc inthe present proceedings;

by 8 votes to 7,
(2) finds that, in the case of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, the
conditions for the application of Articles1 and 68 of the Statute of
the Court and Article 89of the Rules of Court are not satisfiedin the
present proceedings.

Done in French and in English, the Frencli text being authoritative, at

the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twenty-second day of May, one
thousand nine hundred and seventy-five,in six copies, of which one will
be placed in the archives of the Court, one will be transmitted to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, and the others will be trans-
mitted to the Governments of the following States: Algeria, Mauritania,
Morocco and Spain.
(Sigrzed) Manfred LACHS,
President.

(Signedj S. AQUARONE,
Registrar.
6 M. LACHS P,résident, faitla déclaration suivante:

The Court maywishto commentfurther on the question of the appoint-
ment of judges ad hocin the present proceedingswhenpronounciiig upon
the request for advisory opinion. Individual Members of the Court will

of course be entitled, in exercise of the right conferred on them by
Article57 of the Statute, also to express their. views on the subject at
that time.

M. Mo~ozov, juge, joint à l'ordonnance l'exposéde son opinion
dissidente.

(Paraphé)M.L.

(Parapl?é)S.A. President LACHm S akes the following declaration:

[Traduction]
Il se peut que la Cour veuillecommenter de façon plus approfondie la
question de la désignationdejuges adlzocen la présenteaffaire quand elle
se prononcera sur la demande d'avis consultatif. Il va de soi que les
membres de la Cour pourront également exprimer leurs vues sur la

question à ce moment-là, dans l'exercicedu droit que leur confère I'ar-
ticle 57 du Statut.

Judge Mo~ozov appends a dissenting opinion to the Order of the
Court.

(Initialled) M.L.

(Initialled) S.A.

ICJ document subtitle

Judge ad hoc

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Order of 22 May 1975

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