Order of 12 July 1973

Document Number
055-19730712-ORD-01-00-EN
Document Type
Incidental Proceedings
Date of the Document
Document File
Bilingual Document File

INTERNATIONAL COUROF JUSTICE

REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,

ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS

FISHEKIES JURISDICTION CASE

(UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND v. TCELAND)

CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION

ORDER OF 12 JULY 1973

COUR INTERNATIONALDE JUSTICE

RECUEIL DES ARR~TS,

AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES

AFFAIRE DE LA COMPÉTENCE
EN MATIÈRE DE PECHERIES

(ROYAUME-UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET
D'IRLANDE DE NORD c. ISLANDE)

MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES

ORDONNANCE DU 12 JUILLET 1973 Officialcitation:

Fisheries Jurisdiction(United Kingdomv.Iceland),Interim
Measures, Orderof12 July 1973,I.C.J. Reports 1p.302.

Mode officielde citation:

Compétenceen matièrede pêcheries(Royaume-Unic. Islande),
mesuresconservatoires,ordonnance du 12juillet
1973, C.I.J. Recueil 1973,302.

Salesnumber
NO devente: 382 12 JULY 1973

ORDER

FISHERIES JURISDICTION CASE

(UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND v. ICELAND)

CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION

AFFAIRE DE LA COMPÉTENCE

EN MATIÈRE DE PBCHERIES
(ROYAUhAE-UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET
D'IRLANDE DU NORD c. ISLANDE)

MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES

12 JUILLET 1973

ORDONNANCE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

1973 YEAR 1973
GeneralList
No.55
12 July 1973

FISHERIES JURISDICTION CASE

(UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND v.ICELAND)

CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION

ORDER

Present: President LACHS;Vice-PresidentAMMOUN;udges FORSTER,
GROS, BENGZON, PETRÉN,ONYEAMAI,GNACIO-PINTO ,E
CASTROM , OROZOVJ,IMÉNEZ DE ARÉCHAGA S,ir Humphrey
WALDOCK, NAGENDRS AINGHR, UDA;RegistrarAQUARONE.

The International Court of Justice,
Composed asabove,

After deliberation,
Having regard to Articles 41 and the Statute of the Court,

Having regard to Articlef the 1946Rules of Court,
Having regard to the Application by the Unitedom of Great
Britain and Northernreland filed in the Registry of the Court on 14
April 1972,instituting proceedings against theofIceland, Having regard to the request for the indication of interim measures of
protection filed by the United Kingdom in the Registry on 19July 1972,

Having regard to the Order of the Court dated 17 August 1972 by
which the Court indicated interim measures of protection in this case,

Makes thefollowing Order:
1. Having regard to the communication dated 22 June 1973and filed

in the Registry the same day, by which the Agent for the Applicant
referred to operative paragraph (2) of the Order of the Court dated 17
August 1972,providing for review of the matter at the request of either
Party, and requested the Court to confirm that the interim measures
of protection indicated by the Court in that Order will continue until the
Court has given finaljudgment in the case or until further order;
2. Whereas the Government of Iceland was forthwith notified by
telegram of the communication of 22 June 1973,a copy of which was at
the same time transmitted to it by express air mail;
3. Whereas the Government of Iceland has bya telegram of 2July 1973
submitted observaiions on the request by the Agent for the Applicant in
his communication of 22 June 1973,protesting against the continuation
of the measures indicated, maintaining that highly mobile fishing fleets
should not be allowed to inflict a constant threat of deterioration of the
fishstocks and endanger the viability of a one-source economy, and
concluding that to freeze the present dangerous situation might cause
irreparable harm to the interests of the Icelandic nation;

4. Having regard to the Judgment of 2 February 1973 by which the
Court found that it had jurisdiction to entertain the Application filed by
the Government of the United Kingdom on 14 April 1972and to deal
with the merits of the dispute;
5. Having regard to the Order of 15February 1973by which the Court
fixed time-limits forthe written proceedings onthe merits ;
6. Being aware that negotiations have taken place between the States
concerned with a view to reaching an interim arrangement pending final
settlement of the dispute;
7. Whereas the provisional measures indicated by the Court and
confirmed by the present Order do not exclude an interim arrangement
which may be agreed upon by the Governments concerned, based on
catch-limitation figuresdifferent fromthat indicated as a maximum inthe
Court's Order of 17August 1972and on related restrictions concerning
areas closed to fishing, number and type of vesselsallowed and forms of
control of the agreed provisions;

8. Whereas the Court, pending the final decision, and in the absence

of such interim arrangement, must remain concerned to preserve, by the
indication of provisional measures, the rights which may subsequently be304 FlSHERlES JURISDICTION(ORDER 12VI1 73)

adjudged by the Court to belong respectivelyto the Parties;

Accordingly,

by 11votes to 3,

Confirms that the provisional measures indicated in operative para-
graph (1) of the Order of 17August 1972should, subject to the power of
revocation or modification conferred on the Court by paragraph 7 of
Article 61 of the 1946Rules, remain operative until the Court has given
finaljudgment in the case.

Done in English and in French, the English text being authoritative,
at the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twelfth day of July, one thousand

nine hundred and seventy-three, in four copies, one of which will be
placed inthe archives of the Court, and the otherstransmitted respectively
to the Government of the Republic of Iceland, to the Government of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security
Council.

(Signed) Manfred LACHS,
President.

(Signed) S. AQUARONE,

Registrar.

Judge IGNACIO-PINT mOakes the following declaratio:

1 concurred in the Court's Orders of 17 August 1972 granting the
United Kingdom in one case, and the Federal Republic of Germany in
the other, the interim measures of protection they had requested in their
dispute with Iceland; but 1 am unable to concur in the present Order. 1
have voted against it for reasons based on the following considerations:

1. The Court, in confirming the interim measures indicated in the
earlier Order of 17 August 1972, has not, in my view, taken sufficient
account of the circumstances that have arisen sincethat Order wasmade.
In my view, bearing in mind Article 61, paragraph 7, of its Rules, the
Court ought first to have ascertained with care whether the new aspects
of the situation did not necessitate either the revocation or, at least, the
modification of the terms of therder of 17August 1972. The reason isthat,as no-one can be unaware, there have been numerous
clashes in the disputed fishery-zone between Icelandic coastguard vessels
and trawlers flying the British or Federal German flag. Some of these
incidents, such as collision between two vessels or the firing of shells by
Icelandic coastguard vessels. were in my viewgrave enough to warrant

the exercise by the Court of its right to modify the terms of its original
decision.
2. Furthermore, these incidents, in my judgment, constituteso many
flagrant violations on eitherside of the operative part of the Orders of 17
August 1972. The measures should therefore be reviewed, and others
indicated concerning interaliathe presence of warships.
It is true that the presentrder is made "subject to thepower of revoca-
tion or modification" conferred on the Court by Article 61, paragraph 7,
of its Rules, but the renewal of the interim measures indicated on 17
August 1972 until the Court has given final judgment in the case is
fraught with risk, given the prevailing tension between the disputants.
If other,much graver incidents were to occur before final judgment was
given, the Court would be open to criticism for failure to exercise vigi-
lance.
Such are the considerations which precluded me from joining the
majority of the Court in voting for the present Order.

Judges GROS and PETRÉN append dissenting opinions to the Order of
the Court.
(Initialled) M.L.

(Initialled) S.A.

Bilingual Content

INTERNATIONAL COUROF JUSTICE

REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,

ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS

FISHEKIES JURISDICTION CASE

(UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND v. TCELAND)

CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION

ORDER OF 12 JULY 1973

COUR INTERNATIONALDE JUSTICE

RECUEIL DES ARR~TS,

AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES

AFFAIRE DE LA COMPÉTENCE
EN MATIÈRE DE PECHERIES

(ROYAUME-UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET
D'IRLANDE DE NORD c. ISLANDE)

MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES

ORDONNANCE DU 12 JUILLET 1973 Officialcitation:

Fisheries Jurisdiction(United Kingdomv.Iceland),Interim
Measures, Orderof12 July 1973,I.C.J. Reports 1p.302.

Mode officielde citation:

Compétenceen matièrede pêcheries(Royaume-Unic. Islande),
mesuresconservatoires,ordonnance du 12juillet
1973, C.I.J. Recueil 1973,302.

Salesnumber
NO devente: 382 12 JULY 1973

ORDER

FISHERIES JURISDICTION CASE

(UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND v. ICELAND)

CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION

AFFAIRE DE LA COMPÉTENCE

EN MATIÈRE DE PBCHERIES
(ROYAUhAE-UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET
D'IRLANDE DU NORD c. ISLANDE)

MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR DE MESURES
CONSERVATOIRES

12 JUILLET 1973

ORDONNANCE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

1973 YEAR 1973
GeneralList
No.55
12 July 1973

FISHERIES JURISDICTION CASE

(UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN
IRELAND v.ICELAND)

CONTINUANCE OF INTERIM MEASURES
OF PROTECTION

ORDER

Present: President LACHS;Vice-PresidentAMMOUN;udges FORSTER,
GROS, BENGZON, PETRÉN,ONYEAMAI,GNACIO-PINTO ,E
CASTROM , OROZOVJ,IMÉNEZ DE ARÉCHAGA S,ir Humphrey
WALDOCK, NAGENDRS AINGHR, UDA;RegistrarAQUARONE.

The International Court of Justice,
Composed asabove,

After deliberation,
Having regard to Articles 41 and the Statute of the Court,

Having regard to Articlef the 1946Rules of Court,
Having regard to the Application by the Unitedom of Great
Britain and Northernreland filed in the Registry of the Court on 14
April 1972,instituting proceedings against theofIceland, COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE

1973
12juillet
Rôle général
12juillet 1973 no55

AFFAIREDE LA COMPÉTENCE

EN MATIÈRE DE PÊCHERIES

(ROYAUbIE-UNI DE GRANDE-BRETAGNE ET
D'IRLANDE DU NORD c. ISLANDE)

MAINTIEN EN VIGUEUR
DE MESURES CONSERVATOIRES

ORDONNANCE

Présents:M. LACHS,réside;M. AMMOUN V,ice-Président;MM. FOR-
STER,GROS,BENGZON, PETRÉN,ONYEAMA I,GNACIO-PINTO,
DECASTROM , OROZOVJ,MÉNEZDEARECHAGA si,r Humphrey
WALDOCK , M.NAGENDRS AINGH,RUDAj,uges; M. AQUA-
RONEG, rqgier.

La Cour internationale de Justice,

Ainsi composée,
Après délibén chambre du conseil,
Vu lesarticleset 48 du Statut de la Cour,

Vu l'articledu Règlementde la Cour de 1946,
Vu la requêteenregistréeau Greffe de la Cour le 14 avril 1972, par
laquelle le Royauirie-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord a
introduit une instance contre la République d'Islande, Having regard to the request for the indication of interim measures of
protection filed by the United Kingdom in the Registry on 19July 1972,

Having regard to the Order of the Court dated 17 August 1972 by
which the Court indicated interim measures of protection in this case,

Makes thefollowing Order:
1. Having regard to the communication dated 22 June 1973and filed

in the Registry the same day, by which the Agent for the Applicant
referred to operative paragraph (2) of the Order of the Court dated 17
August 1972,providing for review of the matter at the request of either
Party, and requested the Court to confirm that the interim measures
of protection indicated by the Court in that Order will continue until the
Court has given finaljudgment in the case or until further order;
2. Whereas the Government of Iceland was forthwith notified by
telegram of the communication of 22 June 1973,a copy of which was at
the same time transmitted to it by express air mail;
3. Whereas the Government of Iceland has bya telegram of 2July 1973
submitted observaiions on the request by the Agent for the Applicant in
his communication of 22 June 1973,protesting against the continuation
of the measures indicated, maintaining that highly mobile fishing fleets
should not be allowed to inflict a constant threat of deterioration of the
fishstocks and endanger the viability of a one-source economy, and
concluding that to freeze the present dangerous situation might cause
irreparable harm to the interests of the Icelandic nation;

4. Having regard to the Judgment of 2 February 1973 by which the
Court found that it had jurisdiction to entertain the Application filed by
the Government of the United Kingdom on 14 April 1972and to deal
with the merits of the dispute;
5. Having regard to the Order of 15February 1973by which the Court
fixed time-limits forthe written proceedings onthe merits ;
6. Being aware that negotiations have taken place between the States
concerned with a view to reaching an interim arrangement pending final
settlement of the dispute;
7. Whereas the provisional measures indicated by the Court and
confirmed by the present Order do not exclude an interim arrangement
which may be agreed upon by the Governments concerned, based on
catch-limitation figuresdifferent fromthat indicated as a maximum inthe
Court's Order of 17August 1972and on related restrictions concerning
areas closed to fishing, number and type of vesselsallowed and forms of
control of the agreed provisions;

8. Whereas the Court, pending the final decision, and in the absence

of such interim arrangement, must remain concerned to preserve, by the
indication of provisional measures, the rights which may subsequently be Vu la demande en indication de mesures conservatoires du Royaume-
Uni, enregistréeau Greffe le 19juillet 1972,

Vu l'ordonnance du 17 août 1972par laquelle la Cour a indiquédes
mesures conserva toi ri:^en l'affaire,

Rend l'ordonnancesuivante:

1. Vu la communication datéedu 22 juin 1973,enregistréeau Greffe
le mêmejour, par laquelle l'agent du demandeur, se référantau para-
graphe 2 du dispositif de l'ordonnance de la Cour du 17août 1972,qui
prévoit que la Cour réexaminerala question à la demande de l'une ou
l'autre Partie, a prié]laCour de confirmer que les mesures conservatoires
indiquéesdans cette ordonnance resteront en vigueur jusqu'à ce que la
Cour ait rendu sonarrêtdéfinitifen l'affaireou une nouvelle ordonnance;
2. Considérant que le Gouvernement islandais a étéavisépar télé-
gramme de la commilnication du 22juin 1973dont copie lui a étésimul-
tanément transmisepar courrier aérien exprès;

3. Considérant que,par télégrammedu 2juillet 1973,le Gouvernement
islandais a présentédes observations sur la demande formuléepar l'agent
du demandeur dans sa communication du 22juin 1973,qu'il a protesté
contre le maintien 'en vigueur des mesures conservatoires indiquées,
soutenu qu'il ne devrait pas êtreadmis que des flottes de pêchetrès
mobiles menacent constamment de porter atteinte aux stocks de poisson
et mettent en dangeir le maintien en vie d'une économiefondéesur un
élémentunique et conclu que la cristallisation de la situation dangereuse
actuelle pourraitcauser un préjudiceirréparableaux intérêtd se la nation
islandaise;
4. Vu l'arrêtdu 2 février 1973,par lequel la Cour a dit qu'elle avait
compétencepour coinnaître de la requêtedéposéepar le Gouvernement
du Royaume-Uni le 14avril 1972et statuer sur le fond du différend;

5. Vu l'ordonnance du 15février1973,par laquelle la Cour a fixéla
date d'expiration des délaispour la procédure écrite surle fond;
6. Consciente de Ire que des négociations ont eu lieu entre les Etats
intéressés afinde parvenir à un arrangement provisoire en attendant le
règlement définitifdi1différend;
7. Considérant que les mesures provisoires indiquées par la Cour et
confirméespar la pr~tsenteordonnance n'excluent pas que les gouverne-
ments intéressés puissentparvenir à un arrangement provisoire fondé
sur des chiffres prévoyant, pour les prises de poisson, des limitations
autres que le maximum indiqué dans l'ordonnance de la Cour du 17
août 1972et sur des restrictions connexes concernant les zones interdites
à la pêche,le nombre et le type des navires autoriséset les modalitésde
contrôle des dispositiionsconvenues;
8. Considérantque la Cour, en attendant l'arrêt définite ift en l'absence

d'un tel arrangement provisoire, doit toujours se préoccuper de sauve-
garder, par l'indication de mesures conservatoires, les droits qu'elle304 FlSHERlES JURISDICTION(ORDER 12VI1 73)

adjudged by the Court to belong respectivelyto the Parties;

Accordingly,

by 11votes to 3,

Confirms that the provisional measures indicated in operative para-
graph (1) of the Order of 17August 1972should, subject to the power of
revocation or modification conferred on the Court by paragraph 7 of
Article 61 of the 1946Rules, remain operative until the Court has given
finaljudgment in the case.

Done in English and in French, the English text being authoritative,
at the Peace Palace, The Hague, this twelfth day of July, one thousand

nine hundred and seventy-three, in four copies, one of which will be
placed inthe archives of the Court, and the otherstransmitted respectively
to the Government of the Republic of Iceland, to the Government of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and to the
Secretary-General of the United Nations for transmission to the Security
Council.

(Signed) Manfred LACHS,
President.

(Signed) S. AQUARONE,

Registrar.

Judge IGNACIO-PINT mOakes the following declaratio:

1 concurred in the Court's Orders of 17 August 1972 granting the
United Kingdom in one case, and the Federal Republic of Germany in
the other, the interim measures of protection they had requested in their
dispute with Iceland; but 1 am unable to concur in the present Order. 1
have voted against it for reasons based on the following considerations:

1. The Court, in confirming the interim measures indicated in the
earlier Order of 17 August 1972, has not, in my view, taken sufficient
account of the circumstances that have arisen sincethat Order wasmade.
In my view, bearing in mind Article 61, paragraph 7, of its Rules, the
Court ought first to have ascertained with care whether the new aspects
of the situation did not necessitate either the revocation or, at least, the
modification of the terms of therder of 17August 1972.pourrait éventuellementreconnaître dans cet arrêtà l'une ou l'autre des
Parties:

En conséquence,

par onze voix contre ltrois,

Confirme que, sous;réservedu pouvoir de révocation ou de modifica-
tion que l'article 61, paragraphe 7, du Règlement de 1946confère à la
Cour, les mesures coriservatoires indiquéesau paragraphe 1du dispositif
de l'ordonnance du 17août 1972resteront en vigueur jusqu'à ce que la
Cour ait rendu son arrêtdéfinitif en l'affaire.

Fait en anglais et en français, le texte anglais faisant foi, au palais de
Paix, à La Haye, le douze juillet mil neuf cent soixante-treize, en quatre

exemplaires, dont l'un restera déposé auxarchives de la Cour et dont les
autres seront transmis respectivement au Gouvernement de la République
d'Islande, au Gouvei-nement du Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et
d'Irlande du Nord et au Secrétairegénéralde l'Organisation des Nations
Unies pour transmission au Conseil de sécurité.

Le Président,
(SignéM )anfred LACHS.

Le Greffier,
(Signé) S. AQUARONE.

M. IGNACIO-PINTjO u,e, fait la déclaration suivante:

J'avais souscritaux ordonnances de la Cour, en date du 17août 1972,
accordant le bénéficedes mesures provisoires sollicitéesd'une part par le
Royaume-Uni et d'autre part par la République fédéraled'Allemagne

dans le différendqui les oppose àl'Islande, maisje ne saurais faire de
même àl'occasion de:la présenteordonnance. J'ai votécontre ladite or-
donnance et mon opposition est fondée surlesconsidérations qui suivent:
1. La Cour n'a pew à mon avis assez tenu compte des circonstances
survenuesdepuisla premièreordonnance du 17août 1972pour confirmer
les mesures conservatoires édictéedans icelle.
A mon avis, compte tenu de l'article 61, paragraphe 7, de son Règle-
ment, la Cour devraiitd'abord s'informer attentivement si les nouveaux
aspects du différendne nécessitentpas sinon de rapporter du moins de
modifier la teneur de l'ordonnance du 17août 1972. The reason isthat,as no-one can be unaware, there have been numerous
clashes in the disputed fishery-zone between Icelandic coastguard vessels
and trawlers flying the British or Federal German flag. Some of these
incidents, such as collision between two vessels or the firing of shells by
Icelandic coastguard vessels. were in my viewgrave enough to warrant

the exercise by the Court of its right to modify the terms of its original
decision.
2. Furthermore, these incidents, in my judgment, constituteso many
flagrant violations on eitherside of the operative part of the Orders of 17
August 1972. The measures should therefore be reviewed, and others
indicated concerning interaliathe presence of warships.
It is true that the presentrder is made "subject to thepower of revoca-
tion or modification" conferred on the Court by Article 61, paragraph 7,
of its Rules, but the renewal of the interim measures indicated on 17
August 1972 until the Court has given final judgment in the case is
fraught with risk, given the prevailing tension between the disputants.
If other,much graver incidents were to occur before final judgment was
given, the Court would be open to criticism for failure to exercise vigi-
lance.
Such are the considerations which precluded me from joining the
majority of the Court in voting for the present Order.

Judges GROS and PETRÉN append dissenting opinions to the Order of
the Court.
(Initialled) M.L.

(Initialled) S.A. En effet,nul n'ignore que de multiples incidents ont eu lieu dans la zone
de pêchecontestéeentre les gardes-côtes islandais et les chalutiers battant

pavillon du Royaume:-Uni et de l'Allemagne fédérale.Certains de ces in-
cidents revêtent à mes yeux suffisamment de gravité, tel par exemple
l'abordage de deux riavires ou des coups de canon tiréspar les gardes-
côtes islandais, pour autoriser la Cour d'user de son droit de modifier la
teneur de sa premièredécision.
2. Par ailleurs, ces-incidentsconstituenàmes yeuxautant de violations
flagrantes de part et d'autre du dispositif des ordonnances du 17 août
1972. Il ya donc lieu de revoir lesmesures ordonnéeset en édicterd'autres
touchant notamment la présence desbateaux de guerre.
Sane doute, I'ordorinance de cejour est prise «sous réservedu pouvoir
de révocation ou de rnodification de la Cour)) de l'article 61,paragraphe
7, de son Règlement, mais la reconduction des mesures conservatoires
ordonnées le 17 a0û.t 1972jusqu'à ce que la Cour ait rendu son arrêt
définitif en l'affairet grosse de risques, compte tenu de la tension exis-

tant à l'heure actuelle entre les litigants. Si d'autres incidents beaucoup
plus graves survenaient avant que l'arrêtdéfinitifn'intervienne, on pour-
rait reprocherà la Cour d'avoir manquéde vigilance.
Telles sont les conisidérationsqui m'ont empêché dem'associer à la
majorité dela Cour qui a souscrità la présenteordonnance.

MM. GROSet PETRÉN, juges, joignent à l'ordonnance les exposésde
leur opinion dissidente.

(Paraplté)M. L.
(Paraphé) S.A.

ICJ document subtitle

Continuance of interim measures of protection

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Order of 12 July 1973

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