INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS
CASE CONCERNING THE
AERIAL INCIDENT OF
SEPTEMBER 4th, 1954
(UNITED STATES OF AMERv.UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS)
ORDEROF DECEMBER 9th, 1958
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
RECUEIL DES ARRETS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES
AFFAIRE RELATIVE A
L'INCIDENT AÉRIEN DU
4 SEPTEMBRE 1954
(ÉTATS-UND'AMÉRIQUEc. UNION DES
RÉPUBLIQUESSOCIALISTES SOVIÉTIQUES)
ORDONNANCE DU 9 DÉCEMBRE 1958 This Order should be cited asfollows:
"Case concerning the Aerial Incident of September 4th, 1954
(United States of America v. Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics),
Order of Decembergth, 1958: I.C.J. Reports p.158."
La présente ordonnance doit êtrecitée comme suit:
«Agaire relative à l'incident aériendu 4 septembreI954
(États-unis d'Amériquec. Union des Républiquessocialistes
soviétiques),
Ordonnance du g décembr1958: C.I.J. Recueil 195p.158.))
Salenumber
NO de vente: 201 1 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
1958
General L:st
NO. 40
YEAR 1958
December gth, 1958
CASE CONCERNING THE
AERIAL INCIDENT OF
SEPTEMBER 4th, 1914
(CXITED STATES OF AMERICA v. UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS)
ORDER
Presen: President KLAESTA;D Vice-President ZAFRULLAKHAN;
Judges BASDEVANT ,ACKWORTH , INIARSKI,BADAWI,
ARMAND-UGON K,OJEVNIKOV S,ir Hersch LAUTERPACHT,
MORENO QUINTANA, CORDOVA,WELLINGTONKOO,
SPIROPOULOSS , irPercy SPENDER; Acting Registrar
AQUARONE.
The InternationaCourt of Justice,
composed as above,
after deliberation,
having regard to Articlesand 48 of the Statute of the Court,
Makes the following Order:
Whereas on August zznd, 1958, the Ambassador of the United
States of America to the Netherlands filed in the Registry an
Application dated July zgth, 1958, and signed by the Agent for
the Government of the United States of America instituting pro-159 AERIAL INCIDENT (U.S.A.V. u.s.s.R.) (ORDER 9 XII 58)
ceedings before the Court against the Government of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on account of "certain willful acts com-
rnitted by military aircraft of the Soviet Government on Septem-
ber 4, 1954, in the international air space over the Sea of Japan
against a United States Navy Pz-V-type aircraft, commonly
known as a Neptune type, and against its crew";
Whereas the Application was duly communicated by the Registry
on August zznd, 1958, to the Ambassador of the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics to the Netherlands;
Whereas the Application was also communicated by the Registry
to the Members of the United Nations, through the Secretary-
General of the United Nations, and to the other States entitled
to appear before the Court;
Whereas the Application contains the following paragraphs:
"The United States Government, in filing this application to the
Court, submits to the Court's jurisdiction for the purposes of this
case. The Soviet Government appears not to have filed any declara-
tion with the Court thus far, although it was invited to do so by
the United States Government in note 176 of August 19, 1957, a
copy of which is also annexed hereto. The Soviet Government in a
note dated October IO,1957,which is made an annex to the present
The Soviet Government is, however, qualified to submit to theon.
jurisdiction of the Court in this matter and may, upon notification
of this application by the Registrar, in accordance with the Rules
of the Court, take the necessary steps to enable the Court's juris-
diction over both parties to the dispute to be confirmed.
The United States Government thus founds the jurisdiction of
this Court on the foregoing considerations and on Article 36 (1)of
the Statute."
Whereas in a letter dated September 26th, 1958, from the Chargé
d'affaires a.i. of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the
Netherlands to the Registrar it was stated that:
"The Government of the USSR in its note of October IO,1957,as
well as in previous notes of September 5 and 8, 1954,and of Janu-
ary 21, 1957, stated that since the American military aircraft of
the Neptune-type violated the state frontier of the USSR in the
Cape Ostrovnoi region and opened fire on Soviet fighters first,
responsibility for the incident taken place on September 4, 1954,
and consequences of it fully lies on the American side. In the
above-mentioned note of October IO, 1957, the Government of the
USSR in response to the proposal of the Government of the USA
transmitting this case for hearing in the International Court of
Justice communicated that no basis for it can be seen. 1 should like to draw your attention to the Article 36 of the Sta-
tute of the Court according to which any dispute may be transmitted
to the International Court of Justice only by common consent of
both sides.
As appears from above-stated the Government of the USSR has
already informed the Government of the USA formerly that the
Soviet Government does not give its consent for hearing this case
in the International Court of Justice. Under these conditions the
Government of the USA having applied to the Court, acted in
disaccord with the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
The Government of the USSR deems that in this case there are no
questions which are of need to be considered by the International
Court of Justice and as before does not see any basis for turning
this question over for examination by the International Court."
Whereas a true copy of the above-mentioned letter was commu-
nicated to the Agent for the Government of the USA on Septem-
ber 3oth, 1958;
Whereas, in a letter dated November 25th, 1958, and addressed
to the Registrar, the Agent for the Government of the United
States of America stated:
"The United States ha noted that the Soviet Chargéd'Affaires
ad interim in the Netherlands, upon the instructions of his Govern-
ment, stated that his Government did not give its consent for the
settlement of the dispute described in the United States application
by the International Court of Justice.
The United States Government must take this opportunity to
express its profound disagreement with the further statement of the
Soviet Government that in filing its application for a settlement of
the dispute involved by the International Court of Justice the
United States Government 'acted in disaccord with the Statute of
the International Court of Justice' because the United States Gov-
ernment had not received the prior consent of the Soviet Govern-
ment to submit the dispute to this Court for decision. The United
States Government of course also contests the statement that 'there
are no questions which are of need to be considered by the Inter-
national Court of Justice and ...does not see any basis for turning
this question over for examination by the International Court'.
On the contrary, the United States Government believes that inter-
national law and order depend on the peaceful settlement of dis-
putes between governments of international questions of fact and
law as described in the Statute. It is now well settled that any gov-
ernment qualified to appear before this Court may fileits application
without prior special agreement."
Whereas, in these circumstances, the Court finds that it has not
before it any acceptance by the Government of the Union of Soviet
6Socialist Republics of the jurisdiction of the Court to deal with
the dispute which is the subject of the Application submitted to
it by the Government of the United States of America and that
therefore itcan take no further steps upon this Application;
orders that the case shall be removed from the list.
Done in English and in French, the English text being authori-
tative, at the Peace Palace, The Hague, this ninth day of December,
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight, in three copies, one of
which will be placed in the archives of the Court and the others
transmitted to the Government of the United States of America
and to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
respectively.
(Signed) Helge KLAESTAD,
President.
(Signed) S. AQUARONE,
Acting Registrar.
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS,
ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS
CASE CONCERNING THE
AERIAL INCIDENT OF
SEPTEMBER 4th, 1954
(UNITED STATES OF AMERv.UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS)
ORDEROF DECEMBER 9th, 1958
COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
RECUEIL DES ARRETS,
AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES
AFFAIRE RELATIVE A
L'INCIDENT AÉRIEN DU
4 SEPTEMBRE 1954
(ÉTATS-UND'AMÉRIQUEc. UNION DES
RÉPUBLIQUESSOCIALISTES SOVIÉTIQUES)
ORDONNANCE DU 9 DÉCEMBRE 1958 This Order should be cited asfollows:
"Case concerning the Aerial Incident of September 4th, 1954
(United States of America v. Union of Soviet SocialistRepublics),
Order of Decembergth, 1958: I.C.J. Reports p.158."
La présente ordonnance doit êtrecitée comme suit:
«Agaire relative à l'incident aériendu 4 septembreI954
(États-unis d'Amériquec. Union des Républiquessocialistes
soviétiques),
Ordonnance du g décembr1958: C.I.J. Recueil 195p.158.))
Salenumber
NO de vente: 201 1 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
1958
General L:st
NO. 40
YEAR 1958
December gth, 1958
CASE CONCERNING THE
AERIAL INCIDENT OF
SEPTEMBER 4th, 1914
(CXITED STATES OF AMERICA v. UNION OF
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS)
ORDER
Presen: President KLAESTA;D Vice-President ZAFRULLAKHAN;
Judges BASDEVANT ,ACKWORTH , INIARSKI,BADAWI,
ARMAND-UGON K,OJEVNIKOV S,ir Hersch LAUTERPACHT,
MORENO QUINTANA, CORDOVA,WELLINGTONKOO,
SPIROPOULOSS , irPercy SPENDER; Acting Registrar
AQUARONE.
The InternationaCourt of Justice,
composed as above,
after deliberation,
having regard to Articlesand 48 of the Statute of the Court,
Makes the following Order:
Whereas on August zznd, 1958, the Ambassador of the United
States of America to the Netherlands filed in the Registry an
Application dated July zgth, 1958, and signed by the Agent for
the Government of the United States of America instituting pro- COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE
1958
Le gdécembre
R61e général
no40
ANNEE 1958
g décembre 1958
AFFAIRE RELATIVE A
L'INCIDENT AÉRIEN DU
4 SEPTEMBRE 1954
(ÉTATS-UNIS D'AMÉRIQUE c. UNION DES
RÉPUBLIQUES SOCIALISTES SOVIÉTIQUES)
ORDONNANCE
Présents: M. KLAESTADP, résident; M. ZAFRULKHAN, Vice-
Président;MM. BASDEVANT H,ACKWORTH W, INIARSKI,
BADAWI, ARMAND-UGONK , OJEVNIKOV,Sir Hersch
LAUTERPACHTM , M. MORENOQUINTANA, CORDOVA,
WELLINGTON KOO, SPIROPOULOS S,ir Percy SPENDER,
Juges; M. AQUARONE G,refier en exercice.
La Cour internationale de Justice,
ainsi composée,
après délibéen chambre du conseil,
vu les articles 36 et 48 du Statut de la Cour,
Rend l'ordonnancesuivante.
Considérant que,22eaoût 1958, l'ambassadeur des États-Unis
d'Amérique aux Pays-Bas a déposéau Greffe une requête datée
du 25 juillet 1958, signéepar l'agent du Gouvernement des Etats-
Unis d'Amériqueet introduisant devant la Cour une instance contre
4159 AERIAL INCIDENT (U.S.A.V. u.s.s.R.) (ORDER 9 XII 58)
ceedings before the Court against the Government of the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics on account of "certain willful acts com-
rnitted by military aircraft of the Soviet Government on Septem-
ber 4, 1954, in the international air space over the Sea of Japan
against a United States Navy Pz-V-type aircraft, commonly
known as a Neptune type, and against its crew";
Whereas the Application was duly communicated by the Registry
on August zznd, 1958, to the Ambassador of the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics to the Netherlands;
Whereas the Application was also communicated by the Registry
to the Members of the United Nations, through the Secretary-
General of the United Nations, and to the other States entitled
to appear before the Court;
Whereas the Application contains the following paragraphs:
"The United States Government, in filing this application to the
Court, submits to the Court's jurisdiction for the purposes of this
case. The Soviet Government appears not to have filed any declara-
tion with the Court thus far, although it was invited to do so by
the United States Government in note 176 of August 19, 1957, a
copy of which is also annexed hereto. The Soviet Government in a
note dated October IO,1957,which is made an annex to the present
The Soviet Government is, however, qualified to submit to theon.
jurisdiction of the Court in this matter and may, upon notification
of this application by the Registrar, in accordance with the Rules
of the Court, take the necessary steps to enable the Court's juris-
diction over both parties to the dispute to be confirmed.
The United States Government thus founds the jurisdiction of
this Court on the foregoing considerations and on Article 36 (1)of
the Statute."
Whereas in a letter dated September 26th, 1958, from the Chargé
d'affaires a.i. of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the
Netherlands to the Registrar it was stated that:
"The Government of the USSR in its note of October IO,1957,as
well as in previous notes of September 5 and 8, 1954,and of Janu-
ary 21, 1957, stated that since the American military aircraft of
the Neptune-type violated the state frontier of the USSR in the
Cape Ostrovnoi region and opened fire on Soviet fighters first,
responsibility for the incident taken place on September 4, 1954,
and consequences of it fully lies on the American side. In the
above-mentioned note of October IO, 1957, the Government of the
USSR in response to the proposal of the Government of the USA
transmitting this case for hearing in the International Court of
Justice communicated that no basis for it can be seen.le Gouvernement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques
au sujet de (certains actes commis volontairement par des avions
militaires du Gouvernement soviétique le 4 septembre 1954, dans
l'espace aérien international situé au-dessus de la mer du Japon,
contre un appareil de la Marine des États-Unis du type Pz-V,
communément désignétype Neptune, et contre son équipage 1);
Considérant que la requête a étédûment communiquée par le
Greffe, le 22 août 1958, àl'ambassadeur de l'Union des Républiques
socialistes soviétiques aux Pays-Bas;
Considérant que la requête a, en outre, étécommuniquée par
le Greffe aux Membres des Nations Unies, par l'entremise du
Secrétaire général des Nations Unies, ainsi qu'aux autres États
admis à ester en justice devant la Cour;
Considérant que la requête contient les alinéas suivants:
« Le Gouvernement des États-unis, en déposant la présente
requête auprès de la Cour, déclareaccepter sa juridiction aux fins
dela présente affaire. Il ne semblepas qu'à ce jour le Gouvernement
soviétique ait déposéune déclaration auprès de 15Cour, bien qu'il
ait étéinvité àle faire par le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis dans la
note 176du 19août 1957jointe ci-aprèsen annexe.Dans une note du
IO octobre 1957,également jointe en annexe à la présente requête,
le Gouvernement soviétiquea repoussécette suggestion du Gouverne-
ment des Etats-Unis. Le Gouvernement soviétique est cependant
qualifiépour reconnaître la juridiction de la Cour en cette affaire,
et il lui est loisible, lorsque la présente requête lui sera notifiée
par le Greffier conformément au Règlement de la Cour, de prendre
les dispositions nécessaires afin que soit confirméela juridiction de
la Cour à l'égarddes deux parties au différend.
Le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis fonde donc la compétencede la
Cour sur les considérationsqui précèdent, ainsi que sur l'article 36
(1)du Statut. ))
Considérant que, dans une lettre adressée au Greffier le 26 sep-
tembre 1958 par le chargé d'affaires par intérim de l'Union des
Républiques socialistes soviétiques aux Pays-Bas, il est dit:
« Par sa note du IO octobre 1957,ainsi que par ses notes anté-
rieuresdu 5 et du 8 septembre 1954et du 21 janvier 1957,le Gouver-
nement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiquesa déclaré
que, l'avion militaire américain du type Neptune ayant violéla
frontière de 1'Etat de l'union des Républiquessocialistessoviétiques
dans la régiondu cap Ostrovnoi et ouvert le feu le premier sur les
avions de chasse soviétiques,la responsabilitéde l'incident survenu
le 4 septembre 1954et des conséquencesqui en sont découléessont
entièrement du côté américain.Dans la note précitéedu IO octobre
soviétiques,en réponsedà la proposition du Gouvernement des Etats-
Unis d'Amérique soumettant l'affaire à la Cour internationale de
Justice, a fait connaître qu'il ne voyait aucune base pour cette
mesure. 1 should like to draw your attention to the Article 36 of the Sta-
tute of the Court according to which any dispute may be transmitted
to the International Court of Justice only by common consent of
both sides.
As appears from above-stated the Government of the USSR has
already informed the Government of the USA formerly that the
Soviet Government does not give its consent for hearing this case
in the International Court of Justice. Under these conditions the
Government of the USA having applied to the Court, acted in
disaccord with the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
The Government of the USSR deems that in this case there are no
questions which are of need to be considered by the International
Court of Justice and as before does not see any basis for turning
this question over for examination by the International Court."
Whereas a true copy of the above-mentioned letter was commu-
nicated to the Agent for the Government of the USA on Septem-
ber 3oth, 1958;
Whereas, in a letter dated November 25th, 1958, and addressed
to the Registrar, the Agent for the Government of the United
States of America stated:
"The United States ha noted that the Soviet Chargéd'Affaires
ad interim in the Netherlands, upon the instructions of his Govern-
ment, stated that his Government did not give its consent for the
settlement of the dispute described in the United States application
by the International Court of Justice.
The United States Government must take this opportunity to
express its profound disagreement with the further statement of the
Soviet Government that in filing its application for a settlement of
the dispute involved by the International Court of Justice the
United States Government 'acted in disaccord with the Statute of
the International Court of Justice' because the United States Gov-
ernment had not received the prior consent of the Soviet Govern-
ment to submit the dispute to this Court for decision. The United
States Government of course also contests the statement that 'there
are no questions which are of need to be considered by the Inter-
national Court of Justice and ...does not see any basis for turning
this question over for examination by the International Court'.
On the contrary, the United States Government believes that inter-
national law and order depend on the peaceful settlement of dis-
putes between governments of international questions of fact and
law as described in the Statute. It is now well settled that any gov-
ernment qualified to appear before this Court may fileits application
without prior special agreement."
Whereas, in these circumstances, the Court finds that it has not
before it any acceptance by the Government of the Union of Soviet
6 INCIDENT .~ÉRIEN (É.-U.A. C. U.R.S.S.) (ORD. 9 XII 58) 160
Je désire appeler votre attention sur l'articl36 du Statut de la
Cour, aux termes duquel un différend ne peut êtresoumis à la Cour
internationale de Justice que d'un commun accord entre les deux
parties.
Ainsi qu'il ressort de ce qui précède,le Gouvernement de l'Union
des Républiques socialistes soviétiqqes a déjà fait connaître anté-
rieurement au Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amérique que le
Gouvernement soviétique ne donne pas son consentement à ce que
l'affaire soit soumise à la Cour i-ernationale de Justice. Dans ces
conditions, le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amérique,en s'adres-
sant à la Cour, a agi contrairement au Statut de la Cour internatio-
nale de Justice.
Le Gouvernement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviéti-
ques estime que cette affaire ne soulève pas de questions qu'il soit
nécessaire de faire étudier par la Cour internationale de Justice et,
comme par le passé, ne voit aucun motif de soumettre la question
à l'examen de la Cour internationale de Justice. »
Considérant que, le 30 septembre 1958, copie conforme deTcette
lettre a étécommuniquée à l'agent du Gouvernement des Etats-
Unis d'Amérique ;
Considérant que, dans une lettre du 25 novembre 1958 adressée
au Greffier, l'agent du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amérique
a déclaré:
((Les États-unis ont noté que, sur instructions de son Gouverne-
ment, le chargé d'affaires par intérim de l'union des Républiques
socialistessoviétiques aux Pays-Bas a fait connaître que son Gouver-
nement ne consentait pas au règlement du différend définidans la
requête soumise par les Etats-Unis à la Cour internationale de
Justice.
Le Gouvernement des États-unis doit saisir cette occasion pour
exprimer son profond désaccord avec la déclaration complémentaire
du Gouvernement soviétique d'après laquelle le Gouvernement des
Etats-Unis, en déposant une requête en vue d'obtenir de la Cour
internationale de Justice un règlement du différend en question,
a agi contrairement au Statut de la Cour internationale de Justice »
car le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis n'avait pas reçu le consente-
ment préalable du Gouvernement soviétique à ce que l'affaire fût
soumjse à la décisionde la Cour. Il va de soi que le Gouvernement
des Etats-Unis conteste également la phrase: ((ne soulève pas de
(questions qu'il soit nécessaire de faire étudier par la Cour inter-
(nationale de Justice et ... ne voit aucun motif de soumettre la
(question à l'examen de la Cour internationale ».Le Gouvernement
des Etats-Unis croit, au contraire, que le droit international et l'ordre
international dépendent du règlement pacifique des différends entre
gouvernements portant sur des questions internationales de droit
et de fait définiespar le Statut. Il est maintenant bien établi que
tout gouvernement ayant qualité pour se présenter devant la Cour
peut déposerune requête sans compromis préalable. »
Considérant que, dans ces conditions, la Cour doit constater
qu'elle ne se trouve en présence d'aucune acceptation par le Gou-
6Socialist Republics of the jurisdiction of the Court to deal with
the dispute which is the subject of the Application submitted to
it by the Government of the United States of America and that
therefore itcan take no further steps upon this Application;
orders that the case shall be removed from the list.
Done in English and in French, the English text being authori-
tative, at the Peace Palace, The Hague, this ninth day of December,
one thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight, in three copies, one of
which will be placed in the archives of the Court and the others
transmitted to the Government of the United States of America
and to the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
respectively.
(Signed) Helge KLAESTAD,
President.
(Signed) S. AQUARONE,
Acting Registrar.vernement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques de
la juridiction de la Cour pour connaître du différendfaisant
de la requêtedont elle a étésaisie par le Gouvernement des Etats-
Unis d'Amérique, et qu'en conséquence elle ne peut donner suite
à cette requête;
ordonne que l'affaire soit rayée du rôle.
Fait en anglais et en français, le texte anglais faisant foi, au
Palais de la Paix,à La Haye, le neuf décembre mil neuf cent
cinquante-huit, en trois exemplaires, dont l'un restera déposéaux
archives de la Cour et dontes autres seront transmis respective-
ment au Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amérique et au Gouver-
nement de l'Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques.
Le Président,
(Signé Helge KLAESTAD.
Le Greffier en exercice,
(Signé ).AQUARONE.
Removal from the list
Order of 9 December 1958