Volume III - Annexes 1-22

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
_______________________________________________________
LAND AND MARITIME DELIMITATION AND SOVEREIGNITY
OVER ISLANDS (GABON/EQUATORIAL GUINEA)
REPLY OF
THE REPUBLIC OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA
VOLUME III
_______________________________________________________
5 OCTOBER 2022

INTERNATIONAL TREATIES & INSTRUMENTS
Annex 1 Implementation Protocol in Compliance with the Maritime Signal
Organization for the Buoyage and Signaling of Corisco Bay and the
Muni River (23 May 1962)
Annex 2 Treaty Regarding the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between
the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao
Tome and Principe (26 June 1999)
Annex 3 Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Border between the
Gabonese Republic and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and
Principe (26 April 2001)
DELIMITATION & BORDER COMMISSION DOCUMENTS
Annex 4 Franco-Spanish Delimitation Commission of the Gulf of Guinea, Border
Project: Southern Border (1 January 1902)
Annex 5 Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Declaration of H.E. Domingo Mba
Esono, Vice-President of Commerce and Promotion of Small and
Middle Sized Enterprises, and President of the Sub-technical Division
of the Special Borders Commission (25 September 2022)
VOLUME III
ANNEXES
UNITED NATIONS DOCUMENTS AND
COMMUNICATIONS
Annex 6 UN General Assembly, Resolution 2625 (XXV), Declaration on
Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation
among States in accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations (24 October 1970)
Annex 7 Letter No. OR 511 EQGU from the Permanent Representative of the
Republic of Equatorial Guinea in the United Nations to the Secretary
General of the United Nations concerning the Distribution of the
Constitution of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea of 4 August 1973 (13
December 1973)
HISTORICAL CORRESPONDENCE & OFFICIAL
DOCUMENTS OF SPAIN, FRANCE, AND THIRD STATES
Annex 8 Vilches’ Diary of Operations, The Territory of Biafra, Franco-Spanish
Delimitation Commission (1901) (excerpt)
Annex 9 Report No. 1196 from the Government of Kamerun (German Colony) to
the State Secretary of the Imperial Colonial Office Berlin W. concerning
Agreements with the Spanish Governor-General Regarding a Certain
Amount of Freedom of Movement for our Troops on the Spanish-Muni
Border (6 August 1913)
Annex 10 Aide-Mémoire from the Spanish Governor-General of Spanish Territories
of the Gulf of Guinea concerning the Study of a Natural Border in the
East of Spanish Guinea (7 October 1920)
Annex 11 Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, Statistical Office of the General
Government, Statistical Summaries: Province of Rio Muni 1932 (1932)
(excerpt)
Annex 12 Letter from the Military Administrator of the N’sork Land Administration,
Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea (18 November 1938)
Annex 13 The Spanish State, Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, Ebebiyin Land
Administration Ebebiyin Land Demarcation (27 November 19[3]8)
Annex 14 Certification from Head of Archives of the General Government of the
Spanish Territories on the Gulf of Guinea of Frontiers Delimitation (27
December 1948) (excerpt)
Annex 15 Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, Bulletin No. 2 (1955)
Annex 16 Letter No. 907/AL from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Minister of
Overseas France (13 May 1955)
Annex 17 French Subdivision of Maritime Beaconing, Bulletin to Advise Sailors
(4 July 1955)
Annex 18 Aide-Mémoire No. 207 from Guyot Navy to the Governor of Spanish
Territories of the Gulf of Guinea (6 September 1955)
Annex 19 Spanish Equatorial Provinces of Fernando Póo and Rio Muni, Forestry
Section, Forestry Concession of Miang River (District of Kogo) (28
January 1961)
Annex 20 Explanatory Note on the Installation of a Toran Station at a Point on
One of the Spanish Islands of Corisco, Bayna, or Laval, Petróleos del
Africa Ecuatorial (29 December 1962)
Annex 21 Letter No. 819 from the General Governor of the Equatorial Region
to the Civil Governor of Rio Muni concerning the Authorization for
Installation of Radio and Topographical “Toran” Station (22 July 1963)
Annex 22 Equatorial Guinea, Forestry Service, Entry Register No. 4040 (16
September 1965) (excerpt)

Annex 1
Implementation Protocol in Compliance with the Maritime Signal Organization for the Buoyage
and Signaling of Corisco Bay and the Muni River (23 May 1962)

TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
APPLICATION PROTOCOL IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE ORGANIZATION OF MARITIME SIGNALS FOR
BEACONS AND SIGNALING IN CORISCO BAY AND MUNI RIVER
==============
Meeting held on May 23, 1962
In Port Iradier, Cogo. Muni River
====================================
( SPANISH AUTHORITIES
( JESUS ROMERO. Naval Commander for the Equatorial Region
( CARLOS AVILES. Chief Engineer for Public Works
( MIGUEL GODOY. Naval Adjutant for Benito River
Between: (
( GABONESE AUTHORITIES
( Mr. CABUZEL. Head Engineer. Chief of the Navy. Head of Naval Security.
( Assisted by Mr. LOJOU. Beaconing official.
( In the presence of:
( Mr. PUCHEU. Brigadier Chief of the Coco Beach Gendarmery. Estuary Region
Representative
( Mr. LEMAIRE. Naval Delegate for the Northern Zone, Corisco Bay and Muni
River
- - -
WHEREAS:
In consideration of the need to define and specify the respective missions of maritime security and
signaling in Corisco Bay, especially in the Muni River estuary since the installation of new luminous Spanish
buoys by the Libreville Naval Security Service during the beaconing campaigns in December 1960 and
February 1962;
Having understood that during the numerous preliminary conversations and meetings held on 8-
31-1960, 4-12-1961, and 1-24-1962 between the competent national technical services of these coastal
countries, a constant level of care entailing perfect cooperation for the maintenance and conservation of
beaconing devices has been reached in their common interest;
The content of the recommendations formulated over the course of these meetings being:
Pursuant to the study of the draft Application Protocol concerning beaconing and signaling in the
access canal to the Muni River in Corisco Bay; we convene and approve the following by which the parties
agree to be mutually bound:
Annex 1
9
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
1st.- RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT’S PUBLIC WORKS SERVICE.
=============================================================================
In each annual beaconing campaign, to have a set of replacement fiberglass buoys.
In the event of an immediate incapacity, to have at least one buoy inspected so as to enable
exchange of the defective buoy.
To have a set of chains in order to replace defective ones.
To ensure the permanence of lighting through the replacement of gas tanks at the appropriate time.
To maintain working lighting systems and devices.
2nd.- RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF GABON’S NAVAL SECURITY SERVICE.
=============================================================================
Subject to one-month’s advance notice to the neighboring technical service and with the assistance
of the beaconing vessel in the Gabonese naval security service, in each beaconing campaign beginning in
December, replacement of buoys, chains, etc., shall be carried out in the presence and under the authority
of the Spanish government, culminating in the eventual installation of new luminous systems.
Between campaigns, the Libreville beaconing service shall be empowered to materially support
such efforts upon request of the Spanish government in the event any of the installed devices malfunction.
- - -
3rd.- SIGNALING IMPROVEMENTS PROPOSED FOR THE MUNI ESTUARY AND CORISCO BAY.
=============================================================================
A). To install a fixed light (on a beacon) at IDOL Point, creating a focal point in the canal for exiting
Muni River.
Characteristics: Glimmering white light in two-second intervals (light for one second, dark
for one second).
Elevation: 27 meters above sea level.
Extent: Five land miles.
Height: Two meters above the terrain.
B). Installation of a lighthouse is planned on Calatrava Point. Once its construction is completed,
the lighthouse’s features will be communicated to the Republic of Gabon’s naval security services.
C). After broad discussions regarding the installation of a light on the Cocoteros Island beacon, the
parties agree to halt construction and propose to exchange the Baynia buoy for another one that is
taller and more visible.
Signed: Signed: Chief of the Gabonese Naval
Commander of the Navy, Spanish Equatorial and River Service
Guinea
[illegible signature] [illegible signature]
Mr. Jesus Romero Mr. Cabuzel
Annex 1
10
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CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Matthew Bouillon, a linguist
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___________________________________
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Water Street Translations, LLC
07/25/22
___________________________________
Date
Annex 1
11

Annex 1
13
Annex 1
14
Annex 2
Treaty Regarding the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Republic of Equatorial
Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (26 June 1999)

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DOALOS/OLA - UNITED NATIONS
Treaty Regarding the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary between the Republic
of Equatorial Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe,
26 June 1999
The Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, desiring to strengthen the
ties of friendship and good relations that exist between the two States and peoples;
Taking into account the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 and the relevant
principles of general international law;
Recognizing the need to determine exactly the delimitation of the maritime boundary between the two States in an
equitable manner using equidistance as the general criterion for delimitation;
The Parties decide to conclude this Treaty for that purpose,
And have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries:
For the Republic of Equatorial Guinea:
His Excellency Mr. Miguel Oyone Ndong Mifumu,
Deputy Prime Minister in charge of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation,
For the Republic of Sao Tome and Principe:
His Excellency Mr. Alberto Paulino,
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Communities,
Who, having communicated to each other their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed on the
following:
Article 1
The purpose of this Treaty is to recognize the maritime boundary between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe.
Article 2
The maritime boundary between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and
Principe established by this Treaty shall be defined by the geodesic lines joining the following coordinates:
(a) Between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón Island) and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and
Principe (Sao Tome Island)
Point No. Latitude Longitude
1 1°29'04"S 7°16'30"E
2 0°47'15.8"S 6°11'30.7"E
3 0°12'54"S 5°19'23"E
4 0°41'45.3"N 3°37'03.2"E
5 0°54'59.5"N 3°12'32.95"E
(b) Between the Republic of Equatorial Guinea (Bioco Island - Rio Muni) and the Democratic Republic of Sao
Tome and Principe (islands of Sao Tome and Principe)
Point No. Latitude Longitude
1 0°37'25"N 8°11'42"E
2 1°00'15"N 8°18'10"E
3 1°11'32.65"N 8°21'38.75"E
4 1°17'48"N 8°22'48"E
5 1°24'14"N 8°24'08"E
6 1°38'45"N 8°27'58"E
7 1°49'10"N 8°30'15"E
8 1°54'45"N 8°31'15"E
Annex 2
17
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DOALOS/OLA - UNITED NATIONS
9 2°04'01.6"N 8°33'00.5"E
10 2°12'48"N 8°21'57"E
11 2°25'32"N 8°02'40"E
12 2°31'35.3"N 7°53'20.4"E
13 2°38'34"N 7°42'13"E
14 2°50'00"N 7°25'52"E
15 3°02'31.75"N 7°07'17.45"E
Article 3
The geodesic points defined in article 2 shall be established in reference to the World Geodesic System 1984.
Article 4
Neither State will claim or exercise sovereign rights or have jurisdiction over the waters, seabed and subsoil or airspace
on the side of the maritime boundary belonging to the other Party as established under article 2 of this Treaty.
Article 5
This treaty shall enter into force provisionally upon signature and definitively on the date on which the Parties have
communicated to each other the instruments of ratification.
DONE at Malabo on 26 June 1999 in two (2) original versions, each one in Spanish and Portuguese, both texts having
equal authority.
For the Republic of Equatorial Guinea:
[Signature]
For the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe:
[Signature]
Annex 2
18
Annex 3
Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Border between the Gabonese Republic and the
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (26 April 2001)

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DOALOS/OLA - UNITED NATIONS
Agreement on the Delimitation of the Maritime Border between the Gabonese
Republic and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
26 April 2001
The Gabonese Republic on the one hand and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe on the other,
hereinafter referred to as the "Parties",
Anxious to consolidate their ties of friendship, good-neighbourliness and cooperation,
Desiring to delimit their maritime border in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the Charter of the
Organization of African Unity,
Referring to the international conventions on the matter to which Gabon and São Tomé and Principe are parties, in
particular the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, signed in Montego Bay in 1982,
Have agreed as follows:
Article 1
The purpose of this Agreement shall be to delimit the maritime border between the Gabonese Republic and the
Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe.
Article 2
The border between the Gabonese Republic and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe shall be the line
defined in article 3 below, drawn equidistant from the baselines from which the territorial sea of each State is measured.
(a) The baselines of the Gabonese Republic shall be those connecting the points with the following geographic
coordinates:
Point Latitude Longitude
A - Mbanie (Pointe mengombie) 0º 48' 39" N 9º 22' 50" E
B - Cap Esterias 0º 35' 19" N 9º 19' 01" E
C - Pointe Ngombe (lighthouse) 0º 18' 35" N 9º 18' 19" E
D - Cap Lopes 0º 37' 54" S 8º 42' 13" E
(b) The baselines of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe shall be those connecting the points with the
following geographic coordinates:
Point Latitude Longitude
A - Ilhéus Monteiros (NE) 1º 41' 14" N 7º 28' 20" E
B - Ponto a sul da Ponta da Garça (E) 1º 37' 40" N 7º 27' 52" E
C - Ilhéus Caroço (SE) 1º 30' 47" N 7º 26' 05" E
D - Ilhéus Santana (E) 0º 14' 29" N 6º 45' 59" E
E - Sete Pedras (SE) 0º 02' 17" N 6º 37' 48" E
F - Ilhéus das Rolas (SE) 0º 00' 45" S 6º 31' 44" E
Article 3
The maritime border between the Gabonese Republic and the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe shall be
the line connecting the following points with the geographic coordinates:
Point Latitude Longitude
1 0º 44' 03" N 8º 14' 00" E
2 0º 34' 00" N 8º 11' 15" E
3 0º 00' 05" S 7º 50' 28" E
4 0º 17' 38" S 7º 41' 21" E
5 0º 25' 45" S 7º 37' 42" E
6 0º 52' 51" S 7º 28' 25" E
7 1º 28' 47" S 7º 16' 16" E
Annex 3
21
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DOALOS/OLA - UNITED NATIONS
International ellipsoid.
Reference maps:
7188 marine map (from Lagos to Gamba) drawn by the Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine
(SHOM)
scale: 1:1,000,000
Vector Map - Level 0 (V Map) drawn by the United States National Imagery and Mapping Agency to a scale of
1:1,000,000
Article 4
Each Party shall refrain from making any claims or exercising sovereignty in the maritime space of the other Party as
defined by the provisions of articles 2 and 3 of this Agreement.
Article 5
Any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of this Agreement shall be settled by consultation and
negotiation between the Parties.
Article 6
This Agreement shall enter into force as soon as the constitutional procedures of each Party have been completed and
after the exchange of the instruments of ratification.
DONE in São Tomé on 26 April, in two originals in the French and Portuguese languages, both texts being equally
authentic.
For the Gabonese Republic:
Antoine Mboumbou Miyakou, Minister without Portfolio,
Minister of the Interior, Public Safety and Decentralization
For the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe:
Joaquim Rafael Branco, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
Annex 3
22
Annex 4
Franco-Spanish Delimitation Commission of the Gulf of Guinea, Border Project: Southern
Border (1 January 1902)

TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
FRANCO-SPANISH COMMISSION
for Border Demarcation
of the
GULF OF GUINEA
BORDER PROJECT
(Southern Border)
FR-EG 1732_T
Annex 4
25
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-1-
BORDER PROJECT
The Franco-Spanish Commission
for Border Demarcation of the Gulf of
Guinea, composed of Messrs. Albert
Bonnel de Mézières, Colony Administrator;
Jean-Baptiste Roche, Captain of the
Engineering Corps; Albert Duboc, Colonial
Infantry Lieutenant; Don Eladio Lopes
Vilches, Chief of Staff; and Don Manuel
Nieves Y Coso, Staff Captain, meeting in
Paris, after having studied the work carried
out in the course of local operations,
proposes the border described below as
the natural border that is the most
convenient and most in keeping with the
spirit of the Convention:
SOUTHERN BORDER
Part One
From the mouth of the Muni
(Mouni) to the village of Anang (Ayang)
east of Mount Zumbo (Soumbo)
164
BORDER PROJECT
The Spanish-French Commission
for the Delimitation of the Gulf of Guinea,
made up of Messrs. Eladio López Vilches,
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces; Manuel
Nieves y Coso, Captain of the Armed
Forces General Staff; and Alberto Bonnel
de Mézières, Administrator of the Colonies;
Jean Baptiste Roche, Captain of
Engineers; and Albert Duboc, Colonial
Infantry Lieutenant; meeting in Paris, after
examining the work performed on the
ground, propose as a natural border the
one that is most appropriate and that they
find best reflects the spirit of the treaty,
described as follows:
SOUTHERN BORDER
Part One
From the mouth of the Muni
(Mouni) to the village of Añang (Ayang), to
the east of Mount Zumbo (Soumbo)
FR-EG 1733_T
[translated from French] [translated from Spanish]
Annex 4
26
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-2-
In accordance with the Convention
of June 27, 1900, the Commission carried
out surveys in the estuary of the Muni
(Mouni) in order to determine the thalweg.
It was found in these operations that the
islands Ibelo (Ivelo), Gandé, Evongué, and
Bia must belong to Spain and the island
Tabalon to France.
The commissioners propose that
the water line that passes at an equal
distance from the French and Spanish
territories should be adopted as a natural
border. Similarly, the border will follow, in
the Utemboni (Outemboni) River, the line
that runs at an equal distance from the two
banks to the confluence of the Mitombé
River, leaving to France the island of
Yingué (D'Jimbué).
From the confluence of the
Mitombé River, the natural border would
go up
Pursuant to the provisions of the
Convention of June 27, 1900, the
Commission performed surveys in the
estuary of the Muni River in order to
determine the thalweg. The result of these
operations was that the islands of Ibelo
(Ivelo), Gande, Evongué and Bia must
belong to Spain, and the island of Tabalón
to France. The Commissioners propose as
a natural border, in this segment, the
waterline that is equidistant from the
Spanish and French lands.
The border will continue, in the
same fashion, along the Utamboni
(Outemboni) River, becoming conjoined
with the line situated equidistant between
the two banks, up to the confluence of the
Mitombé River, leaving the island of
Yingué (D’Jimbué) under French dominion.
Starting from the confluence of the
Mitombé River, the natural border will
travel along the midline
FR-EG 1734_T
Annex 4
27
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-3-
the median line of this river (defined as
specified above) to its source. It would
then follow the path(1) running from the
village of Mandung (Mendong) to that of
Anguma (Angouma), skirting the northern
slopes of Mount Assumu (Assoumo) and
the southern slopes of Mount Bina (Bigna),
to the village of Anguma (Angouma), which
will remain in Spanish territory, as well as a
zone one kilometer wide around this
village. This agreement concerning the
one-kilometer zone shall be applicable to
all of the villages located in the same
position, i.e., on a path that forms the
border.
Continuing along the same path,
which runs from Anguma (Angouma) to
Masilé (Massillé), the border would cross
Mount Anguma (Angouma) until the point
where said path rejoins the Adu (Aduo)
River, it would go up this river, and then its
affluent, the Bekon (Beikon), to its source
in said Mount Anguma,
[handwritten] Each time the border follows a path, it
is understood that this path defines the border, and
the use thereof is reserved for the nationals of the
above countries, in the same manner as has been
agreed for the rivers.
165
of its waters (defined as above) up to its
source. It will then follow the path from the
village of Mandung (Mendong) to Anguma
(Angouma), traveling along the northern
slopes of Mt. Assumu (Assoumo) and the
southern slopes of Mt. M’Biña (Bigna), until
reaching Anguma, which will belong to
Spain, as will a one-kilometer zone around
it. This agreement with regard to the onekilometer
zone is applicable to all villages
found in similar conditions, namely, those
that are situated along a road used as a
border.
Continuing along the same path
leading from Anguma (Angouma) to Masilé
(Massillé), the border will cross Mount
Anguma (Angouma) until arriving at the
Adu (Aduo) River, then traveling upriver
along it, and its tributary Bekon (Beikon)
until its source in the mountain of the same
name; from there it will
[handwritten:] Whenever the border runs along a
path, it is understood that both lines conjoin and that
the use and utilization of such roads is equally free
for the subjects of the two nations in the same
fashion as was agreed upon for the rivers that meet
the same conditions.
[signature] [signature]
FR-EG 1735_T
Annex 4
28
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-4-
.and it then again follows the path to the
village of Masilé (France), altitude 549 M ·
80.
The border would then continue to
follow the path from Masilé to Ebé (Spain)
to its first junction with the Abobo River,
and then follow this river to the second
village of Akoniké (Spain).
The border would then continue to
follow the path running from Akoniké to
Effong (Ephong) (France), altitude 621 M ·
18, passing via Ebang (S), 608 M · 15, and
Itsam (S), and intersecting the Massama,
Nang-Nang (Yang-Yang), Aworo, and
Beu'na (M'Veigna) rivers.
The village of Effong (Ephong), 764
meters south of Marker No. 2 (see the
route), determined by its astronomic
coordinates, belongs to France.
continue again along the aforementioned
path, until the village of Masilé (France),
altitude 549 M.80.
The border will continue along the
trail from Masilé to Ebé (Spain), until it first
reaches the Adobo River, continuing along
its channel until the 2nd village of Akoniké
(Spain).
Then the border will follow along
the path that joins Akoniké to Effong
(France), altitude 621M.18, passing
through Ebang (Spain) 608 M.15 and
Itzam (S), crossing the Massema, ÑangÑang
(Yang Yang), Aworo and Ben’ha
(M’Veigna) Rivers.
The village of Effong (Ephong), 764
meters to the south of signpost No. 2 (see
the route), determined by its astronomical
coordinates, belongs to France.
FR-EG 1736_T
Annex 4
29
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-5-
The border would then follow the
path running from Effong (Ephong) to Akok
(S), passing via the villages of Mak'O,
Elum (Eloum), Essatayon, and Ken
(Caigne), all of which would remain
French; it will then go down the Ken River
from the first intersection of the route with
this river to its last intersection near Fula,
and it then merges with the path from Fula
to Akok up to its crossing with the
Mendong River, which it would follow to its
confluence with the M'Bizé (M'Bizeu)
River.(1) It would then go up the latter river
(which crosses the village of Ebiang (F) at
the foot and to the south of Mount Zumbo
(Soumbo), 750 M ·, up to its junction with
the N'Goma River, and it would then follow
this river to its last junction with the route
south of Mount Mikomébang.
(1) In this section, the border would
pass through the villages of N'Zoguebout
(N'Zoguebaut), Akulenzog (Akoulenzog),
Akéma, and Alum (Aloum), which would
remain French.
166
The border will then continue along
the path from Effong (Ephong) to Akok (S),
passing through the villages of Makó, Elum
(Eloum), Essatsayón, Keñ (Caigne), down
along the Keñ River, from the first until the
last time it meets this route near Fula
(Foula). From here, the border follows the
path from Foula to Akok up to the point
where it crosses the Mendong Creek, and
will continue along its channel until its
confluence with the M’Bizé (M’Bizeu)
River, then following this river (that passes
through the village of Ebiang (F) to the foot
of and south of Mt. Zumbo (Soumbo), 750
M to the confluence with the N’Goma
River, along which it will likewise travel,
until the last time that it meets this route to
the south of Mount Miko-Mebang.
Between Fula and the M’Bizé
River, the border goes through the villages
of N’Zoguebout (N’Zoguebaut), Akulunzog
(Akoulenzok), Akema and Alum, which will
belong to France.
FR-EG 1737_T
Annex 4
30
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-6-
The border then follows the route,
cutting across the N'Zibilok, Nanzog
(Nianzog), and N'Dangama-N'Zongo
rivers, up to the village of Anang (Ayang),
740 M · 34, which remains French.
Part Two
From Anang (Ayang) to its
confluence with the Abang'a and
Beutoung'eu (Betugué) rivers on the
eastern border north of the village of
Oundong (Undong).
After Anang (Ayang), the border
would follow the route running to
Yamayon, up to its first junction with the
Bomwomo River, and it would then merge
with this river, and then with its affluent, the
M'Bama, up to its junction with the route
200 meters from its confluence with the
Bomwomo, passing via Yamayon (F). It
then follows this path (cutting across
Mount Olum (Oloum) to the village
The border will then continue along
this route, crossing the N’Zibilok, Nanzog
(Nianzog) and N’Dengema-N’Zongo rivers,
until the village of Añang (Ayang), 740
M.34, which will belong to France.
Part Two
From Añang (Ayang) until the
confluence of the Abang’a and Beutoug’eu
(Betugué) rivers on the eastern border, to
the north of the village of Undong
(Oundong).
From Añang (Ayang), the border
will continue along the path running from
Yamayon until it first meets the Bomvono
River, then continuing along its channel
and then along that of its tributary, the
M’Bama, until it meets the path, 200
meters from its confluence with the
Bomvono River, crossing the village of
Yamayon (F) and then following that road,
until
FR-EG 1738_T
Annex 4
31
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-7-
of Mélan (F), skirting the foot of Mount
Ampanduma (Ampandouma) to the left,
passing through the village of Assis (F),
and leaving said mountain to its right.
From Mélan (721 M · 92), it
continues along the path running from
Ensamayon (N'Zamayong) to its first
junction with the Lene (Leuneu) River,
which it follows to its confluence with the
Avué (Avoué) River, and it then goes back
up the latter river to a point near
Ensamayon (N'Zamayong) (F), where it
merges with the route.
After this village, it follows the route
to the village of Etang-Abam, passing via
the villages of N'Gok, Intzamatzo, and
Avanvituan (Avangbitouan), which are all
French. This part of the route cuts across
the rivers M'Vila and Atogonu (Atogognou),
affluent of the Lene (Leneu) and M'Bé,
167
the village of Melan (F) (France), crossing
Mount Olum (Oloum) and skirting Mount
Ampanduma (Ampandouma) on the left,
passing through the village of Assis (F)
and keeping the mountain of that same
name on the right.
From Melan, 721M.72, it continues
along the path leading to Ensamayon, until
it first meets the Lene (Leuneu) River,
along which it then proceeds until its
confluence with the Avué (Avoué) River,
going upriver in the same fashion until near
Ensamayon (N’Zamayong) (F), where it
again meets the aforementioned path,
along which it continues.
After Ensamayon, the border
continues along this route until the village
of Etang-Abam, passing through the
villages of N’Gok, Intzamatzo and
Avanvituan (Avangbitouan), which belong
to France. This part of the border crosses
the M’Vila River and the Atogonu
(Atogognou) River, a tributary
FR-EG 1739_T
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32
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-8-
leaving Mount Assuguelene
(Assougoleuneu) to its left. Etang-Abem
(674 M · 03) was determined
astronomically. It is French, and is located
precisely at the foot of Mount Akum
(Akoum), which is on the parallel.
The border then follows the Abobo
River, then the route up to its junction with
the Abobo Manguma River, and finally
follows the latter river to its junction with
Dodo (Deudeu) River, where it would go
back up the latter river, then the Avué
(Avoué) River, affluent to the right of the
Dodo (Deudeu), to its junction with the
route approximately 500 meters southeast
of the village of Uguermokok
(Ouguermokok) (S).
The border then follows the route to
its junction with the Mandoé, passing
through the
of the Lene (Leuneu) and the M’Be,
keeping Mount Assuguelene
(Assougoleuneu) on the left. Etang-Abam
has been astronomically determined; it
belongs to France and is located exactly at
the foot of Mount Akum (Akoum), which is
on the parallel. This village is found at
altitude 674M.03.
The border continues along the
Abobo River and then along this route until
it reaches the Abobo Manguma Creek,
along which it travels until its confluence
with the Manguma, and then along this
river until it joins the Dödö (Deudeu) River,
traveling up this river and then along the
Avué (Avoué) River, a right tributary of the
Dödö (Deudeu) until it meets the route at
approximately 1 kilometer southeast of the
village of Uguermokok (Ouguermokok) (S).
The border continues along this
route until it crosses the Mandoé Creek,
traveling through
FR-EG 1740_T
Annex 4
33
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-9-
villages of Azam (Assam) M'Bona,
Eyamayon, Vikuk (Vikouk), which are
French, leaving to the north mounts
Bessum (Bessoum) Akoura, N'Kolé
Banviné (N'Kolé Bamwineu), M'Fua
(M'Foua), and Akum (Akoum), and south
of Mount Kolonguen (Kolongoegne). It
then follows the Mandoe (Mandouen) River
to its junction with the Como River. It runs
up the latter river to its confluence with the
Ovuré (Oboureu) River, with which it
merges up to its junction with the route,
which it then follows, passing through the
village of Laga (S).
In this section, the Como is joined
on the left by the Utong Assia (Outon-
Assiya), Onang-Onangara (Oniang-
Oniangara), Vingoro, N'Kogo Kala, and
Mabong'Anguma (Mabong Angouma)
rivers, the parallel passing between these
two rivers, the Bamburé (Bembureu), and
the Avué (Avoué), which has been joined
and made wider by the Aquilé.
168
the villages of Azam (Assam), M’Bona,
Eyamayon, Vikuk (Vikouk), which belong
to France, keeping the mountains called
Bessum (Bessoum) Akura, N’Kolé Benviné
(N’Kolé Benwineu), M’Fua (M’Foua) and
Akum (Akoum) to the north, and Mount
Kolonguen (Kolongoegne) to the south. It
then continues along the Mandoe
(Mandouen) River until it reaches the
Como River, then travels up this river until
its confluence with the Ovuré (Oboureu)
River, along which it travels until it reaches
the path, along which it continues,
traveling through the village of Laga (S).
In this section, the Como River
receives on its left bank the waters of the
following tributaries: Utong Assis (Outong
Assiya), Oñang-Oñangara (Oniang-
Oniangara), Vingoro, N’Kogo Kala and
Mabong-Anguma (Mabong Angouma), with
the parallel running between the latter two
rivers: the Bamburé (Bambureu) and the
Avué (Avoué), whose channel has been
augmented a short distance upriver by the
waters of the Aquilé.
FR-EG 1741_T
Annex 4
34
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-10-
The demarcation line then follows
the route to the village of Ebiang (altitude
727 M · 02 (S),(1) then follows the M'Bé
River and its affluent to the right of the
Uton Assok (Outon Assok) to its junction
with the route near the village of Mika (S)
approximately 4 kilometers north of the
parallel, then follows this route to the
village of Alum (Aloum), leaving the
villages of Alum and Ken (Caigne) to
Spain. Ken is at an altitude of 747 M · 68.
The border then follows the N'Bo (N'Boo)
River to its confluence with the Venzé
(Boenzeu) and merges with the latter up to
its junction with the route 1 and 1/2
kilometers from the village of Ankam (F),
which is approximately 500 meters south
of the parallel. It continues along the route,
leaving to Spain the village of N'Kut
(Unkout), altitude 809 M · 93), and it then
merges with the Uton N'Kut (Outon
Unkout) River and continues to its junction
with the Belong River, after which it follows
the latter to its second junction with the
route, (1) cutting across the Uton Makok
(Outon Makok), M'Dua (M'Doua), and
Makure (Makoureu) rivers
The borderline then follows this
route until [illegible] of Ebiang (S) (altitude
727[illegible], then following the M’Bé River
and its right tributary, the Uton Asok
([illegible] Asok) until meeting the route
near the village of Mika (S), approximately
4 kilometers north of the parallel, then
following this route until the village of
[illegible] (Aloum), leaving the villages of
Alum and Keñ (Caigne) under Spanish
dominion. Keñ is at altitude 747M.68. The
border then travels along the N’Bo (N’Boo)
River until its confluence with the Venzé
([illegible]) River, continuing along this
river’s channel until meeting the route 1 1/2
kilometers from the village of Akam (F),
which is approximately [illegible] meters
south of the parallel, then goes along this
route, leaving the village of N’Kut (Unkout)
(altitude 809 M.93) to Spain, and
continuing along the Uton N’Kut (Outon
Unko[illegible]) River until its confluence
with the Belong River, and then following
(1) crossing the Uton Mak[illegible], M’Dua
(M’Doua) and Makure (Makoureu) rivers
FR-EG 1742_T
Annex 4
35
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-11-
which it then follows to the confluence of
the Micomé Bé (Micomébeu) and Mia
slightly north of the route, after which it
follows the N'Ga River to its junction with
the Ekalizi (Ekalisi) River, which it follows
up to the village of Akuas (Aquas) (S) north
of Mount Dangueh (Dangen), a village that
was identified astronomically.
In this completely uninhabited area,
the border cuts across the M'Bis River,
leaving to its left mounts Komo (Unkomo)
and Ungum (Oungome) and to its right the
Mettong Mountains.
From Akuas, the border follows the
route to its junction with the Abang'a River,
an affluent of the Ogoué, passing through
the village of Abénélan (S), leaving to the
north Mount Mettomo
169
the latter river until its second encounter
with the route, along which it continues
from that point up to the confluence of the
Micomé Bé (Micomébeu) and Mia rivers,
slightly north of the route, then the border
continues along the N’Ga River until it
reaches the Ekalizi (Ekalisi) River, whose
upriver course reaches the village of Akuas
(Aquas) (S) (altitude 807M.98) to the north
of Mount Danguen (Dangen), a location
whose coordinates were calculated
astronomically.
In this entirely unpopulated area,
the border crosses the M’Bia River,
keeping Mount Komo (Unkomo) and Mount
Ungum (Oungome) to the left, and the
Mettong mountains to the right.
From Akuas, the border follows the
route until it meets the Abang’a River, a
tributary of the Ogoué, traveling through
the village of Abenelan (S), keeping Mount
Mettomo to the north and
FR-EG 1743_T
Annex 4
36
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
-12-
and crossing Mount Mokok, after which it
runs back up the Abang'a to its confluence
with the Betoung'eu (Betugué) on the
eastern border north of the village
Ouadong (Undong) (720 M · 43),
determined astronomically, and leaving to
the south Mount Aguerrini; south of the
Abang'a is point Y, which indicates the
intersection of the 9th meridian and the 1st
parallel (see the description of the route).
N.B. For the southern border, the
French spelling of the proper names has
been put in parentheses. The opposite
system was used for the eastern border.
The French Commissioners
The Spanish Commissioners
[signatures]
crossing Mount Mokok, going up the latter
river to the Betoug’eu (Betugué), on the
eastern border, north of the village of
Oundong (Undong) (720M.43), determined
astronomically, thereby keeping Mount
Agu[illegible] to the south; south of the
Abang’a River is Point Y, which indicates
the intersection of the 9th meridian and
parallel [illegible] degree (see description
of the route).
Note: for the southern border, the
parentheses denote the proper names
according to French spelling. For the
eastern border, on the contrary, the
parentheses denote the proper names
according to Spanish spelling and
pronunciation.
[handwritten:] The Spanish Commissioners:
[signature] [signature]
FR-EG 1744_T
Annex 4
37
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
(212) 776-1713
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016
www.waterstreettranslations.com [email protected]
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Christina Courtright, a
linguist with substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into
English as certified by the American Translators Association (ATA), and Matthew
McGaughey, a linguist certified by the ATA for translations from French into English.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true,
accurate, and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish and French
text attached herewith."
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
05/25/21
_
Date
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Annex 5
Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Declaration of H.E. Domingo Mba Esono, Vice-President of
Commerce and Promotion of Small and Middle Sized Enterprises, and President of the Subtechnical
Division of the Special Borders Commission (25 September 2022)

Annex 5
55
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
LAND AND MARITIME DELIMITATION AND SOVEREIGNTY
OVER ISLANDS
(GABON/EQUATORIAL GUINEA)
DECLARATION OF H.E. DOMINGO MBA ESONO
Vice-Minister of Commerce and Promotion of Small and Middle Sized Enterprises
President of the Sub-technical division of the Special Borders Commission
25 September 2022
Annex 5
56
Guinea.
REPUBLIC OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
SPECIAL BORDERS COMMISSION
1. My name is Domingo MBA ESONO. I was born on 30 January 1966, in Nsork, Equatorial
2. In 2018, I was appointed as Vice-Minister of Commerce and Promotion of Small and
Middle Sized Enterprises of Equatorial Guinea, and have served in this role since then.
3. In 2021, I was appointed as President of the Sub-technical division of the Special Borders
Commission of Equatorial Guinea. The Special Borders Commission was created in 2021 in order to handle
legal and technical activities related to the case against the Gabonese Republic before the International
Court of Justice. The Sub-technical division is composed of twelve officials from several ministries,
including the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of the Interior and Local Corporations, the
Ministry of Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Public Works, Mines and Hydrocarbons, and the Forestry
Development Institute.
4. As part of my duties within the Special Borders Commission, I organized, supervised, and
headed expeditions to: (I) the Utamboni River Area, (2) the Kie River Area, (3) Mongomo, and (4)
Ebebiyin, all of which are under the sovereign control of Equatorial Guinea in or near the areas disputed in
this case. There were three (3) expeditions total, in April-June 2021, March 2022, and July 2022.
Annex 5
57
5. During the July 2022 expedition, the team also visited Corisco Island and the Bay of
Corisco. From Corisco, the team was able to see the islands ofMbafie and Cocoteros, which is also known
by its M'benga name Tombambiko.
6. The purpose of these three expeditions was to evidence the work of official agencies of
Equatorial Guinea in these areas and directly contact the Equatoguinean citizens that are living there and
have been duly registered and identified in censuses on different occasions. Under my control and
supervision, the team collected photographs, videos, and GPS coordinates. Additionally, we conducted
some interviews with the authorities and citizens in the area.
7. On the last two expeditions, members from the Special Borders Commission were joined
by legal and cartographic experts from Foley Hoag LLP and Sovereign Geographic.
8. During those expeditions, the team collected documentary evidence, photographs, and
audios that were provided to the attorneys representing the Republic in this proceeding. I am listing below
the documents that the attorneys representing the Republic have used in this proceeding as evidence, for
which I can certify its origin and content.2
Village Document Number Description
Reference
Utamboni River Area
Mibonde • P.Ul • New school
• P.U2 • Colonial-era school ( l)
• P.U3 • Colonial-era school (2)
• P.U4 • Colonial-era houses
• P.US • New houses
• P.U6 • New water system (1)
• P.U7 • New water system (2)
• P.US • Colonial-era water pump ( l)
2 The lawyers of the Republic have given me the list of the material used and the numbering with which it has been
incorporated in this process.
Annex 5
58
Village Document Number Description '
Reference
• P.U9 • Colonial-era water pump (2)
Elon • P.UI0 • Military post
• P.Ull • Crane
• P.Ul2 • Landing
• P.Ul3 • House
Midyobo (Esemvus) • P.Ul4 • School (1)
• P.Ul5 • School (2)
• P.Ul6 • Health clinic
• P.Ul7 • Church
• P.Ul8 • Military post (1)
• P.Ul9 • Military post (2)
• P.U20 • Cemetery
• P.U21 • Evidence of census (2015) (2)
• P.U22 • Evidence of census (2015) ( 1)
• P.U23 • Evidence of election campaign (2017) ( 1)
• P.U24 • Evidence of election campaign (2017) ( 1)
• P.U25 • Military barracks
Asobla • P.U26 • School
• P.U27 • ID application
Ngambe 1 • P.U28 • House
Kie River Area
Abos River Bridge • P.Kl • Bridge over Abos River
Alen (Angok) • P.K2 • Guardia Colonial post ( 1)
• P.K3 • Guardia Colonial post (2)
• P.K4 • School
• P.K5 • Hospital
• P.K6 • Health clinic
• P.K7 • Houses
• P.K8 • Church
• P.K9 • Market
• P.Kl0 • Identification document
Annex 5
59
Village Document Number Description
Reference
Masama • P.Kll • Footbridge
• P.Kl2 • GETESA cell tower (Equatorial Guinea
Telecommunications LLC)
• P.Kl3 • Riverside lighting
• P.Kl4 • Military camp
Anungom • P.K15 • Churches
Mbiralen • P.Kl6 • Town well
• P.K17 • Cemetery
• P.Kl8 • Church
• P.Kl9 • Houses
• P.K20 • Evidence of census (2015)
• P.K21 • Evidence of household survey (2020)
• P.K22 • Evidence of election campaign (2017)
Mibang • P.K23 • Houses
• P.K24 • School
• P.K25 • Old cemetery
• P.K26 • New cemetery
• P.K27 • Catholic church ( l)
• P.K28 • Catholic church (2)
• P.K29 • Evidence of household survey (2020)
• P.K30 • Road improvement ( l)
• P.K31 • Road improvement (2)
Edum • P.K32 • Houses
• P.K33 • School
• P.K34 • Church (under construction)
• P.K35 • Evidence of Census (2015) and Household
Survey (2020) (l)
• P.K36 • Evidence of Census (2015) and Household
Survey (2020) (2)
• P.K37 • Paved road/ guttering
Annex 5
60
Village Document Number Description
Reference
San Carlos (Ncoye) • P.K38 • Evidence of census (2015)
• P.K39 • Church
Mongomo
Border Bridge • P.MOl • Immigration (EG) ( 1)
• P.MO2 • Immigration (EG) (2)
• P.MO3 • Customs (EG) (1)
• P.MO4 • Customs (EG) (2)
• P.MOS • Health (EG)
• P.MO6 • Border control (Gabon)
• P.MO7 • Border sign post
• P.MOS • Mongomo Bridge overview ( 1)
• P.MO9 • Mongomo Bridge overview (2)
Acoacan • P.MOl0 • Urbanization (1)
• P.MOll • Urbanization (2)
Ebebiyin
Border Bridge • P.El • Immigration (EG)
• P.E2 • Customs (EG)
• P.E3 • Health (EG)
• P.E4 • Border control (Gabon)
• P.ES • "Rio Kie" sign post
• P.E6 • GETESA cell tower (Equatorial Guinea
Telecommunications LLC)
• P.E7 • Ring road
• P.ES • Ebebiyin Bridge overview ( 1)
• P.E9 • Ebebiyin Bridge overview (2)
City • P.El0 • Municipal cemetery
• P.Ell • Guardia colonial post ( 1)
• P.El2 • Guardia colonial post (2)
• P.El3 • Spanish colonial cemetery
• P.El4 • Spanish colonial tribunal
• P.El5 • Spanish colonial prison
Annex 5
61
Village Document Number Description
Reference
• P.El6 • Spanish colonial administrative building (now
Delegaci6n de Gobiemo Ebebiyin K.N.)
• P.El7 • Spanish colonial survey point (I)
• P.El8 • Spanish colonial survey point (2)
• P.El9 • Spanish colonial survey point (3)
• P.E20 • Spanish colonial hospital (now Comisario
Provincial de Policia)
• P.E21 • Spanish colonial market (now part of larger
commercial center) (1)
• P.E22 • Spanish colonial market (now part of larger
commercial center) (2)
9. I prepared this declaration with the assistance of the lawyers of the Republic. I understand
that my declaration may be used in the actual proceedings against the Gabonese Republic before the
International Court of Justice.
I 0. I hereby certify the origin, location, and authenticity of the documents submitted as part of
this declaration.
11. I confirm and solemnly declare upon my honour and conscience that, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, the facts contained in this witness statement are the truth. I make this declaration
voluntarily and have not been subjected to any inducement or threat in making it.
25 September 2022
[Signature in the original]
Domingo MBA ESONO
Vice-Minister of Commerce and Promotion of Small and Middle Sized Enterprises
President of the Sub-technical division of the Special Borders Commission

Annex 5
63
CORTE INTERNACIONAL DE JUSTICIA
DELIMITACIÓN TERRESTRE Y MARÍTIMA Y SOBERANÍA
SOBRE ISLAS
(GABON/GUINEA ECUATORIAL)
DECLARACIÓN DE S.E. DOMINGO MBA ESONO
Vice-Ministro de Comercio y Promoción de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas
Presidente de la Subcomisión Técnica de la Comisión Especial de Fronteras
25 de septiembre de 2022
Annex 5
64
m
REPÚBLICA DE GUINEA ECUATORIAL
Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación
COMISIÓN ESPECIAL DE FRONTERAS
1. Mi nombre es Domingo MBA ESONO. Nací el 30 de enero de 1966, en Nsork, República
de Guinea Ecuatorial ("la República o Guinea Ecuatorial").
2. En 2018, fui designado Vice-Ministro de Comercio y Promoción de Pequeñas y Medianas
Empresas de Guinea Ecuatorial, funciones que cumplo hasta la actualidad.
3. En 2021, fui designado Presidente de la Subcomisión Técnica de la Comisión Especial de
Fronteras de Guinea Ecuatorial. La Comisión Especial de Fronteras fue creada en 2021 para gestionar
actividades jurídicas y técnicas relacionadas con el caso contra la República Gabonesa ante la Corte
Internacional de Justicia. La Subcomisión Técnica está formada por doce oficiales de diferentes ministerios,
incluyendo el Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, el Ministerio del Interior y Corporaciones Locales, el
Ministerio de Industrias y Minas, el Ministerio de Obras Públicas e Infraestructuras, el Ministerio de Minas
e Hidrocarburos y el Instituto Nacional de Desarrollo Forestal y Gestión del Sistema de Áreas Protegidas.
4. En cumplimiento de las funciones antes descritas, he realizado, junto con mi equipo de
trabajo, visitas a: (l) la zona del río Utamboni; (2) la zona del río Kie; (3) Mongomo; y, (4) Ebebiyin. Todas
las zonas descritas están bajo el control soberano de Guinea Ecuatorial en o cerca de las zonas en dispuj;
.::::==( ---
Annex 5
65
en este caso. Se realizaron tres (3) expediciones en total, en abril-junio de 2021, marzo de 2022, y julio de
2022.
5. Durante la expedición de julio de 2022, el equipo también visitó la isla de Corisco y la
Bahía de Corisco. Desde Corisco el equipo pudo observar las islas de Mbaí'íe y Cocoteros, esta última
también llamada Tombambiko en idioma M'benga.
6. El objetivo de esas tres expediciones fue evidenciar el trabajo de los organismos oficiales
de Guinea Ecuatorial en estas zonas y contactar directamente a los ciudadanos ecuatoguineanos que viven
en las mismas y que han sido debidamente inscritos en su oportunidad y censados en diversas ocasiones.
Bajo mi supervisión, el equipo recogió fotografias, videos, y coordenadas de GPS. Adicionalmente, hemos
realizado algunas entrevistas con autoridades y ciudadanos de la zona.
7. En las últimas expediciones, se juntaron a los miembros de la Comisión Especial de
Fronteras, expertos jurídicos e cartográficos de Foley Hoag LLP y Sovereign Geographic respectivamente.
8. En las visitas realizadas se recopiló material documental, fotográfico y audiovisual que en
su momento ha sido compartido con los abogados representantes de la República en este procedimiento.
Me permito detallar a continuación aquel material que los abogados representantes de la República han
incorporado en este procedimiento como evidencia y del cual puedo certificar tanto su origen y contenido.•
Pueblos Número de referencia Descripción
de documento
Zona de Utamboni
Mibonde • P.Ul • Escuela nueva
• P.U2 • Escuela época colonial (1)
• P.U3 • Escuela época colonial (2)
• P.U4 • Viviendas época colonial
• P.US • Nuevas viviendas
1 Los abogados de la República me han entregado el listado del material utilizado y la numeración con la que ha sido:i::,_
incorporado en este proceso.
Annex 5
66
Pueblos Número de referencia Descripción
de documento
u
• P.U6 • Nuevo sistema de agua (I)
• P.U7 - • Nuevo sistema de agua (2)
• P.U8 • Bomba de agua de la época colonial (1)
• P.U9 • Bomba de agua de la época colonial (2)
Elon • P.UIO • Puesto militar
• P.Ull • Grúa
• P.Ul2 • Desembarco
• P.U13 • Vivienda
Midyobo (Esemvus) • P.Ul4 • Escuela (1)
• P.U15 • Escuela (2)
• P.Ul6 • Clínica de· salud
• P.Ul7 • Iglesia
• P.U18 • Puesto militar (1)
• P.Ul9 • Puesto militar (2)
• P.U20 • Cementerio
• P.U21 • Prueba del censo (2015) ( l)
• P.U22 • Prueba del censo (2015) (2)
• P.U23 • Pruebas de la campafia electoral (2017) ( l)
• P.U24 • Pruebas de la campaña electoral (2017) (2)
• P.U25 • Cuartel militar
Asobla • P.U26 • Escuela
• P.U27 • Solicitud de tarjeta de identificación
Ngambe 1 • P.U28 • Vivienda
Zona deKie
Abos Puente sobre • P.Kl • Puente sobre el río Abos
río
Alen (Angok) • P.K2 • Puesto de la Guardia Colonial ( 1)
• P.K3 • Puesto de la Guardia Colonial (2)
• P.K4 • Escuela
• P.K5 • Hospital
• P.K6 • Clínica de salud .
'Vl'-
Annex 5
67
Pueblos Número de referencia Descripción
de documento
• P.K7 • Viviendas
• P.KS • Iglesia
• P.K9 • Mercado
• P.Kl0 • Documento de identidad
Masama • P.Kll • Pasarela
• P.Kl2 • Torre de GETESA (Guinea Ecuatorial de
Telecomunicaciones SA)
• P.K13 • Iluminación de la ribera
• P.Kl4 • Campamento militar
Anungom • P.Kl5 • Iglesias
Mbiralen • P.Kl6 • Pozo
• P.K17 • Cementerio
• P.Kl8 • Iglesia
• P.Kl9 • Viviendas
• P.K20 • Pruebas del censo (2015)
• P.K21 • Pruebas de la encuesta de hogares (2020)
• P.K22 • Pruebas de la campaña electoral (2017)
Mibang • P.K23 • Viviendas
• P.K24 • Escuela
• P.K25 • Cementerio antiguo
• P.K26 • Cementerio nuevo
• P.K27 • Iglesia Católica ( 1)
• P.K28 • Iglesia Católica (2)
• P.K29 • Prueba de la encuesta de hogares (2020)
• P.K30 • Mejoramiento de la carretera ( 1)
• P.K31 • Mejoramiento de la carretera (2)
Edum • P.K32 • Viviendas
• P.K33 • Escuela
• P.K34 • Iglesia (en construcción)
• P.K35 • Pruebas del censo (2015) y de la encuesta de
hogares (2020) ( 1)
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68
Pueblos Número de referencia Descripción
de documento
11
• P.K36 • Pruebas del censo (2015) y de la encuesta de
hogares (2020) (2)
• P.K37 • Camino pavimentado / canalización
San Carlos (Ncoye) • P.K38 • Pruebas del censo (2015)
• P.K39 • Iglesia
Mongomo
Puente Fronterizo • P.MOl • Puesto de Inmigración (EG) (1)
• P.MO2 • Puesto de Inmigración (EG) (2)
• P.MO3 • Puestos de Aduanas (EG) (1)
• P.MO4 • Puestos de Aduanas (EG) (2)
• P.MO5 • Control de Sanidad (EG)
• P.MO6 • Control fronterizo (Gabón)
• P.MO7 • Puesto de señalización fronteriza
• P.M08 • Vista general del puente de Mongomo (1)
• P.MO9 • Vista general del puente de Mongomo (2)
Acoacan • P.MOl0 • Urbanización ( 1)
• P.MOll • Urbanización (2)
Ebebiyin
Puente Fronterizo • P.El • Puesto de Inmigración (EG)
• P.E2 • Puestos de Aduanas (EG)
• P.E3 • Control de Sanidad (EG)
• P.E4 • Control fronterizo (Gabón)
• P.E5 • Puesto de señalización "Rio Kie"
• P.E6 • Torre de GETESA (Guinea Ecuatorial de
Telecomunicaciones SA)
• P.E7 • Circunvalación
• P.E8 • Vista general del puente de Ebebiyin (1)
• P.E9 • Vista general del puente de Ebebiyin (2)
Ciudad • P.El0 • Cementerio municipal
• P.EII • Campamento de la Guardia Colonial ( I)
• P.E12 • Campamento de la Guardia Colonial (2)
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69
Pueblos Número de referencia Descripción
de documento
• P.E13 • Cementerio colonial español
• P.E14 • Tribunal colonial español
• P.E15 • Cárcel colonial española
• P.E16 • Edificio administrativo colonial español
("Delegación de Gobierno Ebebiyin K.N.")
• P.E17 • Punto de reconocimiento colonial español (1)
• P.E18 • Punto de reconocimiento colonial español (2)
• P.E19 • Punto de reconocimiento colonial español (3)
• P.E20 • Hospital colonial español (ahora comisaría)
• P.E21 • Mercado colonial español (ahora parte de un
centro comercial más grande) ( 1)
• P.E22 • Mercado colonial español (ahora parte de un
centro comercial más grande) (2)
9. He preparado esta declaración con la asistencia de los abogados de la República. Entiendo
que mi declaración puede ser utilizada en el procedimiento contra la República Gabonesa actualmente en
curso ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia.
1 O. Por la presente certifico el origen, la ubicación y la autenticidad de los documentos
presentados como parte de esta declaración.
11. Confirmo y declaro solemnemente por mi honor y conciencia que, según mi leal saber y
entender, los hechos contenidos en esta declaración de testigo son verdaderos. Hago esta declaración
voluntariamente y no he sido objeto de ninguna coerción o amenaza al hacerla.
S.E. Domingo MBA ESONO
Vice-Ministro de Comercio y Promoción de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas
Presidente de la Subcomisión Técnica de la Comisión Especial de Fronteras

Annex 6
UN General Assembly, Resolution 2625 (XXV), Declaration on Principles of International Law
concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter
of the United Nations (24 October 1970)

DECLARATION ON PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW FRIENDLY
RELATIONS AND CO-OPERATION AMONG STATES IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
The General Assembly,
Recalling its resolutions 1815 (XVII) of 18 December 1962,
1966 (XVIII) of 16 December 1963, 2103 (XX) of 20 December
1965, 2181 (XXI) of 12 December 1966, 2327 (XXII) of 18
December 1967, 2463 (XXIII) of 20 December 1968 and 2533
(XXIV) of 8 December 1969, in which it affirmed the
importance of the progressive development and codification
of the principles of international law concerning friendly
relations and co-operation among States,
Having considered the report of the Special Committee on
Principles of International Law concerning Friendly
Relations and Co-operation among States, which met in Geneva
from 31 March to 1 May 1970,
Emphasizing the paramount importance of the Charter of the
United Nations for the maintenance of international peace
and security and for the development of Friendly relations
and Co-operation among States, Deeply convinced that the
adoption of the Declaration on Principles of International
Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among
States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations
on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the
United Nations would contribute to the strengthening of
world peace and constitute a landmark in the development of
international law and of relations among States, in
promoting the rule of law among nations and particularly the
universal application of the principles embodied in the
Charter,
Considering the desirability of the wide dissemination of
the text of the Declaration,
1. Approves the Declaration on Principles of International
Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among
States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,
the text of which is annexed to the present resolution;
2. Expresses its appreciation to the Special Committee on
Principles of International Law concerning Friendly
Relations and Co-operation among States for its work
resulting in the elaboration of the Declaration;
3. Recommends that all efforts be made so that the
Declaration becomes generally known.
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73
1883rd plenary meeting, 24 October 1970
ANNEX
DECLARATION ON PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW CONCERNING
FRIENDLY RELATIONS AND CO-OPERATION AMONG STATES IN
ACCORDANCE WITH THE CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
PREAMBLE
The General Assembly,
Reaffirming in the terms of the Charter of the United
Nations that the maintenance of international peace and
security and the development of friendly relations and cooperation
between nations are among the fundamental purposes
of the United Nations,
Recalling that the peoples of the United Nations are
determined to practise tolerance and live together in peace
with one another as good neighbours,
Bearing in mind the importance of maintaining and
strengthening international peace founded upon freedom,
equality, justice and respect for fundamental human rights
and of developing friendly relations among nations
irrespective of their political, economic and social systems
or the levels of their development,
Bearing in mind also the paramount importance of the Charter
of the United Nations in the promotion of the rule of law
among nations,
Considering that the faithful observance of the principles
of international law concerning friendly relations and cooperation
among States and the fulfillment in good faith of
the obligations assumed by States, in accordance with the
Charter, is of the greatest importance for the maintenance
of international peace and security and for the
implementation of the other purposes of the United Nations,
Noting that the great political, economic and social changes
and scientific progress which have taken place in the world
since the adoption of the Charter give increased importance
to these principles and to the need for their more effective
application in the conduct of States wherever carried on,
Recalling the established principle that outer space,
including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not
subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty,
by means of use or occupation, or by any other means, and
mindful of the fact that consideration is being given in the
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74
United Nations to the question of establishing other
appropriate provisions similarly inspired,
Convinced that the strict observance by States of the
obligation not to intervene in the affairs of any other
State is an essential condition to ensure that nations live
together in peace with one another, since the practice of
any form of intervention not only violates the spirit and
letter of the Charter, but also leads to the creation of
situations which threaten international peace and security,
Recalling the duty of States to refrain in their
international relations from military, political, economic
or any other form of coercion aimed against the political
independence or territorial integrity of any State,
Considering it essential that all States shall refrain in
their international relations from the threat or use of
force against the territorial integrity or political
independence of any State, or in any other manner
inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations,
Considering it equally essential that all States shall
settle their international disputes by peaceful means in
accordance with the Charter,
Reaffirming, in accordance with the Charter, the basic
importance of sovereign equality and stressing that the
purposes of the United Nations can be implemented only if
States enjoy sovereign equality and comply fully with the
requirements of this principle in their international
relations,
Convinced that the subjection of peoples to alien
subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a major
obstacle to the promotion of international peace and
security, Convinced that the principle of equal rights and
self-determination of peoples constitutes a significant
contribution to contemporary international law, and that its
effective application is of paramount importance for the
promotion of friendly relations among States, based on
respect for the principle of sovereign equality,
Convinced in consequence that any attempt aimed at the
partial or total disruption of the national unity and
territorial integrity of a State or country or at its
political independence is incompatible with the purposes and
principles of the Charter,
Considering the provisions of the Charter as a whole and
taking into account the role of relevant resolutions adopted
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75
by the competent organs of the United Nations relating to
the content of the principles,
Considering that the progressive development and
codification of the following principles:
(a) The principle that States shall refrain in their
international relations from the threat or use of force
against the territorial integrity or political independence
of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the
purposes of the United Nations,
(b) The principle that States shall settle their
international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner
that international peace and security and justice are not
endangered,
(c) The duty not to intervene in matters within the domestic
jurisdiction of any State, in accordance with the Charter,
(d) The duty of States to co-operate with one another in
accordance with the Charter,
(e) The principle of equal rights and self-determination of
peoples,
(f) The principle of sovereign equality of States,
(g) The principle that States shall fulfil in good faith the
obligations assumed by them in accordance with the Charter,
so as to secure their more effective application within the
international community, would promote the realization of
the purposes of the United Nations,
Having considered the principles of international law
relating to friendly relations and co-operation among States,
1. Solemnly proclaims the following principles:
The principle that States shall refrain in their
international ~ relations from the threat or use of force
against the territorial integrity or political independence
of any State or in any other manner inconsistent with the
purposes of the United Nations
Every State has the duty to refrain in its international
relations from the threat or use of force against the
territorial integrity or political independence of any State,
or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the
United Nations. Such a threat or use of force constitutes a
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76
violation of international law and the Charter of the United
Nations and shall never be employed as a means of settling
international issues.
A war of aggression constitutes a crime against the peace,
for which there is responsibility under international law.
In accordance with the purposes and principles of the United
Nations, States have the duty to refrain from propaganda for
wars of aggression.
Every State has the duty to refrain from the threat or use
of force to violate the existing international boundaries of
another State or as a means of solving international
disputes, including territorial disputes and problems
concerning frontiers of States.
Every State likewise has the duty to refrain from the threat
or use of force to violate international lines of
demarcation, such as armistice lines, established by or
pursuant to an international agreement to which it is a
party or which it is otherwise bound to respect. Nothing in
the foregoing shall be construed as prejudicing the
positions of the parties concerned with regard to the status
and effects of such lines under their special regimes or as
affecting their temporary character.
States have a duty to refrain from acts of reprisal
involving the use of force.
Every State has the duty to refrain from any forcible action
which deprives peoples referred to in the elaboration of the
principle of equal rights and self-determination of their
right to self-determination and freedom and independence.
Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing or
encouraging the organization of irregular forces or armed
bands including mercenaries, for incursion into the
territory of another State.
Every State has the duty to refrain from organizing,
instigating, assisting or participating in acts of civil
strife or terrorist acts in another State or acquiescing in
organized activities within its territory directed towards
the commission of such acts, when the acts referred to in
the present paragraph involve a threat or use of force.
The territory of a State shall not be the object of military
occupation resulting from the use of force in contravention
of the provisions of the Charter. The territory of a State
shall not be the object of acquisition by another State
resulting from the threat or use of force. No territorial
Annex 6
77
acquisition resulting from the threat or use of force shall
be recognized as legal. Nothing in the foregoing shall be
construed as affecting:
(a) Provisions of the Charter or any international agreement
prior to the Charter regime and valid under international
law; or
(b) The powers of the Security Council under the Charter.
All States shall pursue in good faith negotiations for the
early conclusion of a universal treaty on general and
complete disarmament under effective international control
and strive to adopt appropriate measures to reduce
international tensions and strengthen confidence among
States.
All States shall comply in good faith with their obligations
under the generally recognized principles and rules of
international law with respect to the maintenance of
international peace and security, and shall endeavour to
make the United Nations security system based on the Charter
more effective.
Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs shall be construed as
enlarging or diminishing in any way the scope of the
provisions of the Charter concerning cases in which the use
of force is lawful.
The principle that States shall settle their international
disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that
international peace and security and justice are not
endangered
Every State shall settle its international disputes with
other States by peaceful means in such a manner that
international peace and security and justice are not
endangered.
States shall accordingly seek early and just settlement of
their international disputes by negotiation, inquiry,
mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement,
resort to regional agencies or arrangements or other
peaceful means of their choice. In seeking such a settlement
the parties shall agree upon such peaceful means as may be
appropriate to the circumstances and nature of the dispute.
The parties to a dispute have the duty, in the event of
failure to reach a solution by any one of the above peaceful
means, to continue to seek a settlement of the dispute by
other peaceful means agreed upon by them.
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78
States parties to an international dispute, as well as other
States shall refrain from any action which may aggravate the
Situation so as to endanger the maintenance of international
peace and security, and shall act in accordance with the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
International disputes shall be settled on the basis of the
Sovereign equality of States and in accordance with the
Principle of free choice of means. Recourse to, or
acceptance of, a settlement procedure freely agreed to by
States with regard to existing or future disputes to which
they are parties shall not be regarded as incompatible with
sovereign equality.
Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs prejudices or derogates
from the applicable provisions of the Charter, in particular
those relating to the pacific settlement of international
disputes.
The principle concerning the duty not to intervene in
matters within the domestic jurisdiction of any State, in
accordance with the Charter
No State or group of States has the right to intervene,
directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the
internal or external affairs of any other State.
Consequently, armed intervention and all other forms of
interference or attempted threats against the personality of
the State or against its political, economic and cultural
elements, are in violation of international law.
No State may use or encourage the use of economic political
or any other type of measures to coerce another State in
order to obtain from it the subordination of the exercise of
its sovereign rights and to secure from it advantages of any
kind. Also, no State shall organize, assist, foment, finance,
incite or tolerate subversive, terrorist or armed activities
directed towards the violent overthrow of the regime of
another State, or interfere in civil strife in another State.
The use of force to deprive peoples of their national
identity constitutes a violation of their inalienable rights
and of the principle of non-intervention.
Every State has an inalienable right to choose its political,
economic, social and cultural systems, without interference
in any form by another State.
Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs shall be construed as
reflecting the relevant provisions of the Charter relating
to the maintenance of international peace and security.
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79
The duty of States to co-operate with one another in
accordance with the Charter
States have the duty to co-operate with one another,
irrespective of the differences in their political, economic
and social systems, in the various spheres of international
relations, in order to maintain international peace and
security and to promote international economic stability and
progress, the general welfare of nations and international
co-operation free from discrimination based on such
differences.
To this end:
(a) States shall co-operate with other States in the
maintenance of international peace and security;
(b) States shall co-operate in the promotion of universal
respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental
freedoms for all, and in the elimination of all forms of
racial discrimination and all forms of religious intolerance;
(c) States shall conduct their international relations in
the economic, social, cultural, technical and trade fields
in accordance with the principles of sovereign equality and
non-intervention;
(d) States Members of the United Nations have the duty to
take joint and separate action in co-operation with the
United Nations in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the Charter.
States should co-operate in the economic, social and
cultural fields as well as in the field of science and
technology and for the promotion of international cultural
and educational progress. States should co-operate in the
promotion of economic growth throughout the world,
especially that of the developing countries.
The principle of equal rights and self-determination of
peoples
By virtue of the principle of equal rights and selfdetermination
of peoples enshrined in the Charter of the
United Nations, all peoples have the right freely to
determine, without external interference, their political
status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural
development, and every State has the duty to respect this
right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.
Every State has the duty to promote, through joint and
separate action, realization of the principle of equal
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80
rights and self-determination of peoples, in accordance with
the provisions of the Charter, and to render assistance to
the United Nations in carrying out the responsibilities
entrusted to it by the Charter regarding the implementation
of the principle, in order:
(a) To promote friendly relations and co-operation among
States; and
(b) To bring a speedy end to colonialism, having due regard
to the freely expressed will of the peoples concerned;
and bearing in mind that subjection of peoples to alien
subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a
violation of the principle, as well as a denial of
fundamental human rights, and is contrary to the Charter.
Every State has the duty to promote through joint and
separate action universal respect for and observance of
human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the
Charter.
The establishment of a sovereign and independent State, the
free association or integration with an independent State or
the emergence into any other political status freely
determined by a people constitute modes of implementing the
right of self-determination by that people.
Every State has the duty to refrain from any forcible action
which deprives peoples referred to above in the elaboration
of the present principle of their right to selfdetermination
and freedom and independence. In their actions
against, and resistance to, such forcible action in pursuit
of the exercise of their right to self-determination, such
peoples are entitled to seek and to receive support in
accordance with the purposes and principles of the Charter.
The territory of a colony or other Non-Self-Governing
Territory has, under the Charter, a status separate and
distinct from the territory of the State administering it;
and such separate and distinct status under the Charter
shall exist until the people of the colony or Non-Self-
Governing Territory have exercised their right of selfdetermination
in accordance with the Charter, and
particularly its purposes and principles.
Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs shall be construed as
authorizing or encouraging any action which would dismember
or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or
political unity of sovereign and independent States
conducting themselves in compliance with the principle of
equal rights and self-determination of peoples as described
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81
above and thus possessed of a government representing the
whole people belonging to the territory without distinction
as to race, creed or colour.
Every State shall refrain from any action aimed at the
partial or total disruption of the national unity and
territorial integrity of any other State or country.
The principle of sovereign equality of States
All States enjoy sovereign equality. They have equal rights
and duties and are equal members of the international
community, notwithstanding differences of an economic,
social, political or other nature.
In particular, sovereign equality includes the following
elements:
(a) States are judicially equal;
(b) Each State enjoys the rights inherent in full
sovereignty;
(c) Each State has the duty to respect the personality of
other States;
(d) The territorial integrity and political independence of
the State are inviolable;
(e) Each State has the right freely to choose and develop
its political, social, economic and cultural systems;
(f) Each State has the duty to comply fully and in good
faith with its international obligations and to live in
peace with other States.
The principle that States shall fulfil in good faith the
obligations assumed by them in accordance with the Charter-:
Every State has the duty to fulfil in good faith the
obligations assumed by it in accordance with the Charter of
the United Nations.
Every State has the duty to fulfil in good faith its
obligations under the generally recognized principles and
rules of international law.
Every State has the duty to fulfil in good faith its
obligations under international agreements valid under the
generally recognized principles and rules of international
law.
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82
Where obligations arising under international agreements are
in conflict with the obligations of Members of the United
Nations under the Charter of the United Nations, the
obligations under the Charter shall prevail.
GENERAL PART
2. Declares that:
In their interpretation and application the above principles
are interrelated and each principle should be construed in
the context of the other principles. Nothing in this
Declaration shall be construed as prejudicing in any manner
the provisions of the Charter or the rights and duties of
Member States under the Charter or the rights of peoples
under the Charter, taking into account the elaboration of
these rights in this Declaration.;
3. Declares further that: The principles of the Charter
which are embodied in this Declaration constitute basic
principles of international law, and consequently appeals to
all States to be guided by these principles in their
international conduct and to develop their mutual relations
on the basis of the strict observance of these principles.
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83

Annex 7
Letter No. OR 511 EQGU from the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Equatorial
Guinea in the United Nations to the Secretary General of the United Nations concerning
the Distribution of the Constitution of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea of 4 August 1973
(13 December 1973)

TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
POSTAL ADDRESS-ADRESSE POSTALE UNITED NATIONS, N.Y. 10017
CABLE ADDRESS- ADRESSE TELEGRAPHIQUE UNATIONS NEWYORK
REFERENCE: OR 511 EQGU
The attached communication dated August 13, 1973, is
transmitted to the Permanent Missions of the Member States of the United Nations at the
request of the Permanent Representative of Equatorial Guinea to the United Nations.
December 13, 1973
[signature]
Annex 7
87
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
[emb
lem] PERMANENT MISSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF
EQUATORIAL GUINEA TO THE UNITED NATIONS
440 EAST [illegible] NEW YORK. N. Y., APT. 6 D
August 13, 1973.
Your Excellency, Secretary-General:
I have the honor to request that the new Constitution of the
Republic of Equatorial Guinea, published by the Presidency of the
Republic in the attached Official State Gazette of August 4th of
this year, be circulated as an official document of the United
Nations.
The new Constitution of Equatorial Guinea was approved
by the III National Congress of the United National Workers Party
held from July 9 to 13, 1973 and was massively ratified by popular
referendum on the 29th of the same month and year.
I take this opportunity to reassure you of my highest
regards.
[stamp:]
PERMANENT MISSION OF
THE REPUBLIC OF
EQUATORIAL GUINEA TO
THE UNITED NATIONS
[signature]
Sgd: Primo José Esono Mica
Permanent Representative of Equatorial Guinea to
the United Nations.
Y.E. Mr. KURT WALDHEIM
General Secretary of the United Nations.
United Nations Plaza.- NEW YORK.
Annex 7
88
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
[emblem]
Republic of Equatorial Guinea
OFFICIAL STATE
GAZETTE
______________________
SPECIAL EDITION
OF
AUGUST 4, 1973
______________________
SUMMARY
CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC
OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA
PAGES: 1 TO 7
Annex 7
89
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
P R E A M B L E
After a tireless struggle against colonialism and all its
forms of exploitation and oppression, the Guinean people
achieved their independence on October 12, 1968. Many
patriots shed their blood for national liberation and their
memory lives on in the hearts of their brothers.
The colonialists imposed a Constitution on the country that
did not meet its real needs, with the purpose of guaranteeing
their selfish interests and hindering the Guinean State’s
progress toward genuine democratic and popular revolution;
but the people have risen up, and under the leadership of
their great Guide, President Francisco Macias Nguema
Biyogo, are tenaciously making every effort to build the new
economic and social structures for the country to emerge from
the lamentable state of stagnation into which it was plunged
by colonialism.
The Guinean Revolution is resolutely striving to sweep
away all the obstacles that stand in its path and is developing
an energetic policy for the creation of a national economy,
free from all foreign interference. It has drawn up its social
policy to benefit the working multitudes of the city and the
countryside, to raise their standard of living, put an end to
illiteracy, promote national culture and improve housing and
the health situation. It pursues a foreign policy of friendship
and cooperation with all the peoples of Africa, and the world,
based on the principles of sovereign equality among States
and self-determination of citizens, as proclaimed in the
Charters of the United Nations and the Organization of
African Unity.
The peaceful revolutionary struggle against colonialism,
neo-colonialism, racism and imperialism, and effective
support to all societies determined to achieve their
independence are also principles firmly rooted in the
conscience of the Guinean people, who have suffered in their
own flesh the most brutal exploitation and oppression.
Safeguarding the integrity of the national territory is an
essential concern of the Guinean people, and as such it
categorically rejects the secessionist biases contained in the
Constitution imposed by the colonialists in June 1968 against
the will, interests and aspirations of the people.
The fundamental laws that the Republic guarantees to all
Guinean citizens allow them to participate, fully and
effectively, in the various country-building tasks, the peaceful
pursuit of which is assured by the United National Workers
Party which, as a vanguard organization, mobilizes and
educates the public in achieving the great objectives of the
Guinean peaceful Revolution. Only the Party, led by the most
intentional and active men, under the wise Leadership of the
Great Comrade Francisco Macias Nguema Biyogo, can break
the old economic structures and replace them with an
economic strength wielded by the people and for the people.
Recent history has shown, after five years of hard
experience, that the colonialist Constitution, which
hypocritically speaks of safeguarding the autonomy of the
provinces with the deliberate intention of tempering feelings of
solidarity and fraternity in the hearts of the many sectors of
the population and replacing them with antagonism between
brothers, should be repealed and replaced by a fundamental
law that would be a faithful reflection of the national situation;
that would serve as a suitable vehicle for the country’s proper
development and guide the integration of diverse national
characters, closely linked by the same history and the same
traditions; and that would shape the political institutions to
meet the aspirations of the Guinean Nation, as one and
indivisible.
Consequently, the Government of the Republic of
Equatorial Guinea, abiding by the sovereign will of the
People, expressed through the Congress of the United
National Workers Party, held on the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and
13th of July 1973 and the popular referendum held on the
29th of the same month, agrees to approve, ratify and enact
the following:
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CONSTITUTION
FIRST TITLE
General Principles
ART. 1. - Equatorial Guinea is a Democratic Republic,
popular, sovereign, independent and indivisible.
Its official name is REPUBLIC OF EQUATORIAL GUINEA.
Its national ensign is the flag adopted at the declaration of
independence on October 12, 1968.
The National Anthem is the song sung by the people on the
day of the declaration of independence.
The National Coat of Arms is as established by law.
The motto is UNITY, PEACE and JUSTICE.
ART. 2. - The aims of the State are to:
a) Protect the creative work of the people and the wealth
of the Nation;
b) Plan, direct and promote the development of the
national economy;
c) To ensure the technical and cultural advancement of
the country;
d) Consolidate the ideological principles proclaimed by
the United National Workers Party;
e) Guarantee the full freedom and dignity of man, the
enjoyment of his rights, the exercise and fulfillment of
his duties and the development of his personality;
f) Promote social development to permanently erase the
vestiges of exploitation of man by man, the lasting
legacy of colonialism.
ART. 3. - In the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, all power
belongs to the people, who exercise it through the Party and
State entities, as established by the Constitution and the law.
ART. 4. - The United National Workers Party of Equatorial
Guinea (P.U.N.T.) sets the general policy of the Nation, and
coordinates and controls it through State entities. It guides
the integration of the Guinean Nation under a single flag and
around its President and its Government, in a common
historical destiny.
The United National Workers Party brings together all the
men, women, elders and youth of Equatorial Guinea,
committed to eradicating the longstanding scourges of
colonialism, strengthening independence and territorial
integration, and building a strong, prosperous and happy
country, free from all the oppressions, miseries,
backwardness and ills of the past.
ART. 5. - The Republic of Equatorial Guinea exercises its
jurisdiction and sovereignty over the entire national territory,
comprised of the continental zone known as Río Muni and
the islands of Macias Nguema Biyogo, Pagalu, Corrisco,
Elobey Grande, Elobey Chico and adjacent islets,
territorial sea and airspace.
The law defines the width of the territorial sea.
ART. 6. - The national territory, for administrative and
economic purposes, is divided into provinces, regions and
municipalities.
The law determines the boundaries and the naming of the
provinces, regions and municipalities.
ART. 7. - Equatorial Guinea considers illegal and null pacts
or treaties that threaten or undermine its jurisdiction and
sovereignty over any portion of the national territory, territorial
sea and air space.
ART. 8. - The Republic of Equatorial Guinea is a de jure
and de facto member of the United Nations Organization and
the Organization of African Unity, and bases its international
relations with all States on the principles proclaimed in the
Charters of the aforementioned Organizations.
In keeping with these principles:
a) Condemning Colonialism, Neo-colonialism and racism,
as well as imperialism as the main force of aggression
and wars and the worst enemy of people who aspire to
live in peace, independence and dignity.
b) Resolutely supporting national liberation movements.
c) Condemning wars of aggression and conquest.
d) Basing our foreign policy on the principles of equal
rights, national sovereignty and independence, noninterference
in the internal affairs of other States, and
mutual cooperation and benefit.
e) Advocating for all international conflicts to be resolved
by peaceful means.
SECOND TITLE
Economy and Property
ART. 9. - The State organizes, directs and plans the
national economy, in order to achieve its constant
development and growth to satisfy the material and spiritual
needs of the people
ART. 10. - The land, forests, subsoil, mines, fluvial and
maritime territorial waters, as well as air space, are
inalienable property of the State.
ART. 11. - The State directs and controls banking and
import-export commerce.
ART. 12. - The State guarantees and controls the
investment of foreign capital that contributes to the
development of the country, as long as it is not subordinated
to any political conditions.
ART. 13. - The State guarantees to farmers ownership of
the lands they possess, as well as other means of production
necessary for their operation.
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It is the duty of all farm owners to promote the development of
agriculture, and of the State to actively help them to improve
their cultivation methods and increase production.
ART. 14. - The State guarantees private property in diverse
forms with the limitations established by the Constitution and
law.
ART. 15. - The State protects and guarantees personal
ownership over income and savings from work, housing,
objects of domestic use, and goods of consumption and
comfort.
ART. 16. - The law shall regulate inheritance rights
respecting the country’s traditional customs.
ART. 17. - Nationalization and forced expropriation of private
and personal property may be decreed for reasons of State
security, scientific, cultural or economic needs, with due
compensation to be established by law.
ART. 18. - The rights enshrined in this title are in accordance
with principles of deep African roots, firmly held by the Guinean
people.
THIRD TITLE
Citizenship and Immigration
ART. 19. - The following are Guinean by birth:
a) Those born on Guinean soil, children of Guinean fathers or
mothers.
b) Those born abroad to Guinean fathers or mothers, under
conditions defined by law.
c) Those born abroad to Guinean fathers or mothers serving
the Republic.
ART. 20. - Citizenship by naturalization is attained in
accordance with established law.
ART. 21. - The law shall determine causes for loss of
citizenship, as well as when and how it may be recovered.
ART. 22. - Foreigners residing within the Republic have the
rights and duties established in the Constitution for citizens,
under the conditions and with the limitations prescribed by law.
FOURTH TITLE
Rights and duties of Citizens
ART. 23. - All Guineans of both sexes enjoy equal rights and
are subject to the same duties.
ART. 24. - All forms of discrimination based on race,
ethnicity, religion, sex or social situation is prohibited.
ART. 25. - All Guineans over 18 years of age have the right
to vote.
ART. 26. - The family, cornerstone of society, is under the
protection of the State.
Parents are responsible for feeding and caring for their
children and ensuring their education, in the spirit of making
them useful and prepared citizens able to contribute to the
country’s economic, social and cultural progress.
ART. 27. - Work serves the purposes of production and
cultural-economic development to satisfy the material and
spiritual needs of everyone. It is a right, duty and source of
honor for every citizen.
ART. 28. - Every Guinean has the duty to work and to
complete the tasks of his employment fully and honestly.
ART. 29. - Every worker has the right to remuneration
befitting the quantity and quality of the actual work he
performs.
Everyone who works has the right to rest in the manner
determined by law.
The law guarantees a social security system for workers who,
due to age, accident, disability or illness, are unable to work.
ART. 30. - All citizens have the right to education and
culture. The State shall ensure that all children have schools
and teachers and that adults, both men and women, may
receive needed instruction.
ART. 31. - No one may be detained or convicted except by
competent authority, by virtue of laws prior to the crime and
consistent with the procedures and guarantees established
therein.
ART. 32. - Anyone who is detained or imprisoned extrajudiciously
or without the guarantees provided by law shall be
released by summary procedure as established by law.
The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to
persons accused of crimes against State Security and
subversion, subject to the process established by law.
ART. 33. - The State guarantees the freedoms of speech,
press, assembly, demonstration and association. The law
regulates the exercise of these rights.
ART. 34. - The press, radio, television and other media are
at the service of the public and under the direct control of the
State.
ART. 35. - Any religion may be practiced freely, with respect
for the law and public order.
It is illegal and punishable to pit religious faith or belief
against the principles and purposes of the State.
ART. 36. - Correspondence is inviolable. It may only be held,
opened and examined in the cases provided for by law.
Until the law regulating this constitutional guarantee comes
into force, the current governmental provisions shall be
immediately applicable.
ART. 37. - One’s home is inviolable. No one may trespass,
except the authorities in the cases provided for by law.
ART. 38. - Defending the Homeland is the supreme duty of
each citizen.
Compulsory military service is a duty of every citizen, save
for exceptions expressly stated in law.
ART. 39. - It is the duty of every citizen to take care of public
and social property, abide by the discipline of work, respect the
rights of fellow citizens, observe the rules of coexistence and
honorably fulfill social duties.
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ART. 40. - Strict compliance with the Constitution and the
law is the indisputable duty of every citizen, every government
or social body, every authority and every official.
FIFTH TITLE
CHAPTER ONE
State Entities
Common provisions
ART. 41. - The State performs its functions through the
President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers, the
National People's Assembly, the Courts of Justice and other
entities established by law in accordance with the Constitution.
The provinces, regions and municipalities are dependencies
of the Central Administration; they contribute to carrying out the
functions and aims of the State and are governed by the
entities determined by law.
ART. 42. - The President of the Republic and the Deputies to
the National People's Assembly shall be elected for five years,
by universal, direct and secret suffrage, in general elections to
be held on a single day.
The law shall regulate the procedures for holding the
elections and indicate the date on which the elected candidates
shall take office.
CHAPTER TWO
President of the Republic
ART. 43. - The President of the Republic is the Head of the
State and Government and represents the Nation.
ART. 44. - To be elected to the Presidency of the Republic,
one must be:
a) A Guinean citizen, by birth.
b) 30 years of age.
c) Nominated by the Party Congress.
ART. 45. - The President of the Republic directs national
policy and his authority covers the entire national territory in all
matters relating to the preservation of internal public order and
external State security. Consequently, he:
a) Approves and enacts, or vetoes the bills approved by the
National People's Assembly; executes and enforces the
law; dictates Regulations for best implementation of the
law; issues such Decrees and Orders as may be
necessary for this purpose and for all matters pertaining
to the Government and Administration of the State.
b) In case of national necessity and in the absence of law,
issues such Decree-Laws as may be necessary to
properly achieve the high purposes of the State.
c) Is the Supreme Leader of all the National Armed Forces.
d) Declares war and establishes peace.
e) Freely appoints and removes Government Ministers.
f) Freely appoints and removes civil and military officials of
the State, provinces, regions and municipalities. This
power may be delegated to the Ministers.
g) Represents Equatorial Guinea in international relations;
receives and accredits Ambassadors.
h) Negotiates and ratifies international agreements and
treaties.
i) Grants State honors and decorations.
j) Exercises the right of pardon.
k) Exercises other powers expressly conferred by the
Constitution and the law.
ART. 46. - In case of imminent danger, the President of the
Republic may suspend the rights guaranteed in the Fourth Title
and take exceptional measures to safeguard the independence
of the Nation and the institutions of the Republic.
ART. 47. - To carry out the executive role, the President of
the Republic shall be assisted by a Council of Ministers,
consisting of the number of Ministers determined by law
according to the country’s needs.
ART. 48. - The President of the Republic may designate a
Vice-President of the Republic among the Ministers of
Government, to whom he may delegate such roles as
necessary for better fulfillment of his Constitutional duties.
ART. 49. - The Guinean People, in recognition of the high
virtues and exalted achievements on behalf of the Homeland,
proclaims the Honorable and Great Comrade Don Francisco
MACIAS NGUEMA BIYOGO President of the Republic for Life
and, consequently, ratifies the historic Declaration of the
Second National Congress of the National Workers Party held
in Bata, on July 14, 1972.
ART. 50. - As long as Don Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA
BIYOGO holds the office of President of the Republic for Life,
application of Article 42 of this Constitution shall be suspended.
ART. 51. - If the President of the Republic for Life becomes
permanently incapacitated, he shall be provisionally replaced
by a designee of the National People's Assembly, by favorable
vote of half plus one of its members, upon nomination by the
Party Congress convened for this purpose in an extraordinary
session.
ART. 52. - Upon the death of the President of the Republic
for Life, presidential elections shall be called within THIRTY
DAYS (30), in accordance with Article 42 of this Constitution.
ART. 53. - To guarantee the presidential elections and public
order, a People’s Revolutionary Council shall be formed,
presided over by the President of the National People’s
Assembly, and consisting of:
a) Leaders and members of the Central Committee of the
National Workers Party (P.U.N.T.).
b) Leaders and members of the P.U.N.T. Provincial
Committees.
c) Leaders and members of the P.U.N.T. District
Committees.
The law shall determine the number of members serving on
the People’s Revolutionary Council and their roles.
ART. 54. - The People’s Revolutionary Council formed
.
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according to the previous Article, shall convene a P.U.N.T.
National Congress in an extraordinary session, to nominate the
candidate for the Presidency of the Republic.
ART. 55. - If the President of the Republic elected in
accordance with Article 42 of this Constitution should die, he
shall be provisionally replaced by a member of the
Government who is also a member of the P.U.N.T. Central
Committee, designated by the National People's Assembly,
with a favorable vote of half plus one of its members, upon
nomination in an extraordinary session of the Party Congress
convened for this purpose by the People’s Revolutionary
Council.
The term of the provisional President thus elected shall
continue until the end of the presidential term.
Upon expiration the provisional President’s term, a new
presidential election shall be held in the manner regulated by
law.
CHAPTER THREE
National People’s Assembly
ART. 56. - The National People’s Assembly shall be made
up of SIXTY DEPUTIES nominated by the Party and elected in
the manner and for the term stated in Article 42.
ART. 57. - Deputies must be Guinean by birth and at least
23 years of age.
ART. 58. - The Electoral Law shall regulate the procedures
for electing Deputies to the National People’s Assembly, the
conditions for eligibility, and terms of disqualification.
ART. 59. - The National People’s Assembly shall perform the
following functions:
a) Amend the Constitution as per Article 72.
b) Approve National Codes and Laws.
c) Approve State income, expenses and investment
Budgets.
d) Establish contributions and taxes and repeal them
when necessary.
e) Approve the monetary system and minting of
currency.
f) Approve weights and measures regulations.
g) Enact laws on amnesty.
ART. 60. - The Party has the power to revoke the mandate
of its Deputies at any time, for deviation from the political line
or other serious reasons.
ART. 61. - The President of the Republic, in Council of
Ministers, may dissolve the National People's Assembly and
call for special elections. If the dissolution takes place during
the last year of their elected term, the election of Deputies shall
take place at the proper time pursuant to Article 42.
ART. 62. - The procedure established in the previous Article
shall be followed in the case of Deputy vacancies whenever, as
a consequence of these, the National People’s Assembly
cannot operate normally due to lack of a quorum.
ART. 63. - No Deputy may be detained or persecuted for
opinions given while exercising their functions in the National
People’s Assembly or in connection therewith.
ART. 64. - The National People's Assembly meets in their
own right on the first working day after the fifteenth day
following the proclamation of the election results. The
Assembly adopts its own Rules of Procedure and elects its
Chairman and Board.
ART. 65. - The National People’s Assembly shall meet in
ordinary public sessions twice a year: once in February and
once in October, for up to two months per session.
The National People’s Assembly may hold extraordinary
sessions, to address a specific Order of the Day, at the request
of the President of the Republic, or due to petition by a third of
its members.
To hold a session, half plus one of the Deputies must attend,
and agreements shall be made by majority vote of attendees.
ART. 66. - The National People’s Assembly elects, from
within, a permanent Commission to function whenever the full
session is not assembled.
The permanent Commission carries out all the tasks
assigned by the internal Regulations of the National People’s
Assembly.
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CHAPTER FOUR
Courts of Justice and Attorney General
ART. 67. - The judicial system derives from the people and
is implemented in their name by the People's Supreme Court
and other civil and military courts established by law.
The law shall also determine the powers belonging to each
court it establishes and regulate the eligibility of judges who sit
in them.
ART. 68. - All court judges are appointed by the President of
the Republic and are revocable and accountable.
ART. 69. - The main function of the Attorney General and
other Public Prosecutors of the Republic is to oversee strict
observance of the law, making sure that all entities and officials
of the State, provinces, regions and municipalities, as well as
citizens and foreigners residing in the country comply with the
Constitution, the laws, and the governmental regulations in
force.
The law shall regulate how Public Prosecutors carry out their
responsibilities for the purposes expressed in the previous
paragraph.
ART. 70. - Public Prosecutors are freely appointed and
removed by the President of the Republic.
ART. 71. - The organization of the Courts shall fit the
political-administrative division of the national territory.
SIXTH TITLE
Constitutional Reform
ART. 72. - Upon proposal from the Party Congress, the
Constitution may be reformed by the National People’s
Assembly, with agreement of two-thirds of its membership and
approval from the President of the Republic in Council of
Ministers.
Interim provisions
Until such time as the National People's Assembly is elected
and begins to exercise its functions, the President of the
Republic, assisted by the Council of Ministers, shall fully
assume the legislative and executive functions regulated by the
Constitution.
Final Provisions
1) This Constitution shall enter into force as of the date of its
enactment by the President of the Republic, after having been
approved by popular referendum.
2) The Constitution of June 22, 1968, and all laws and
governmental regulations contrary to the provisions of this
Constitution are hereby repealed in their entirety.
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Date
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Annex 8
Vilches’ Diary of Operations, The Territory of Biafra, Franco-Spanish Delimitation Commission
(1901) (excerpt)

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13
Franco-Spanish Delimitation Commission
The Territory of Biafra
Operations Diary
The delimitation commission appointed by Royal Order for the Spanish-French
border in the territory of Biafra was composed of the Staff Commander Mr. Eladio López
Vilches; Naval Lieutenant Commander Mr. José Gutiérrez Sobral and Staff Captains Mr.
Manuel Nieves y Casa and Mr. Emilio Borrajo y Viñas.
However, due to special circumstances, the Commission was divided, and Mr. Vilches
and Mr. Nieves, advanced into the interior together with Dr. Osorio, acting in his capacity as
physician-explorer, after consultation and agreement with the French commissioners, Mr.
Albert Bonnel de Meziéres, 1st Class Colonial Administrator; Mr. Jean Baptiste Roche, Captain
of Engineers and Mr. Albert Duboc, Naval Infantry Lieutenant. Members of the Spanish
Commission included the workers Cifuentes and Revuelta of the Topographical Brigade, nine
individuals and a corporal of the militia or black police of Fernando Póo, and fifty black men
hired as porters, in Bata and Elobey.
The French Commission consisted of 25 Senegalese sharpshooters and 150 porters,
with suitable and very abundant observation and campaign material, packed in zinc boxes
with rubber gaskets that made them fully waterproof,
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a necessary or rather indispensable defense against the humidity of the equatorial climate in
which the work was to be carried out. We had 100 pinewood boxes built in Elobey, with locks,
painted green, in the same style as those used by the native people in their transports.
The full set material of the Spanish commission and its articles for exchange and
provisions was as follows:
A 1’ Salmoiraghi tachometer; One good aneroid barometer with thermometer; One
Bedoya compass because the hand Barkers proved to be too sluggish; 2 pedometers; 1 John
Pode chronometer from Rabat and a tape measure; Sextant and Canella artificial horizon;
100 kilos of leaf tobacco. A box of matches. 20 finished cloths. 20 pieces of cloth.
Mirrors, buttons, hand bells and chimes, pearls, bracelets. Two photographic machines with
laboratory. 13 Spanish flags.; Combs. 100 liters of cane. 3 rolls of wire. 6 Montagut tents. 1
table. 3 cots. 6 waterproof blankets. 5 cois. Stationery, candles, Kraft paper. 1 box of machete
weed cutters. 3 filters. 3 mosquito nets. 1 first aid kit. 800 Maüsser cartridges. 300 Winchester
cartridges; 2 field bags. 8 slings.
10 kilos of ground coffee. 20 kilos of sugar. 20 boxes of sardines and partridges. 6
bottles vinegar. 6 bottles of oil. 12 champagne. 24 cans condensed milk. 10 lbs. chocolate. 1
packet of tea. 4 bottles Anis Mono. 4 bottles of Cognac. 4 bottles of whiskey. Common oil, 2
cans. 30 kilos of lime. 5 kilos of soap; assorted spices. six boxes of bottles of [illegible] grass.
700 kilos of rice. 4 kilos of sausages. 24 cans of tomato sauce. 12 cans of salmon. 10 kilos
of bacon. 7 boxes of biscuits. 300 kilos of codfish. 3 kilos of sausage. 12 bottles of Cognac.
12 tin plates. 12 glasses and a small set of cookware.
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The French brought us two hammocks from Libreville.
When everything was prepared and in agreement with the French, the two
expeditions embarked on the Spanish cruiser "Magallanes" on August 3, and we loaded all
our material with the steam ship from Rabat and the boats on board, and the French used
the canoes of the country that they were able to gather in Punta Botica, in whose mission
house they had established a departure station.
Once everything was ready on the Magallanes, we set sail at three in the afternoon,
going up the river, but when we reached the mouth of the Utamboni, the cruiser ran aground
in three meters of water. Although the grounding was of no importance and was caused by
the difficulty of crossing the narrow entrance channel with a boat of 3.60 meters draft, the
expedition was halted to wait for a fuller tide, which was to arrive at 7 o'clock the following
morning, and everything was arranged to spend the night on board.
The dignified and distinguished Commander of the cruiser, Mr. Vicente Perez Andújar,
attended to everyone during the afternoon with exquisite courtesy and ease, paying attention
to the smallest details, offering his own chamber and bed to the French Commissioner, taking
care that both the troops and the porters did not lack the necessary sustenance and ordering
that the ship's galley be placed at our disposal, and making arrangements to ensure that the
cruiser's boats would facilitate our disembarkation following day. We sat at the table, and he
offered us a splendid meal, with his private provisions, since the ship's pantry was nearly
depleted; at dessert, Captain Albarracín, a true artist of the guitar, entertained us with his
talents, and in short, the afternoon and first part of the evening was spent in true relaxation,
with no one sensing the sad and unforeseen event that was to unfold and would have to be
surmounted a short time later.
The French Commission had retired to rest, quite fatigued
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Mebonde was very close to this geographical line.
Based on his assertion, it was necessary to proceed with today's reconnaissance.
Nieves and Roche were in charge of taking the coordinates at Miassa and Mebonde,
but the sun never came out and although they were stationed at the confluence of the M'Vieng
and the Tembony, they weren’t able to do anything. Upon making the tour of the river it was in
fact seen that the map of the Hydrographic Service of the French Navy, drawn up by Mr.
Nicholas, Commander of the gunboat Basilic, was incorrect in the last part of the drawing of
the Utamboni. The Metembé river, which appears on the map as a tributary of the Utamboni on
the right, is on the left and 2 km north of the location indicated on the map, and it is clear that it
does not converge with the Bongüe, which in the country is called M'Vung, just as the
Metembé is called Ritombe. The rapids indicated on the map do not exist either because the
first waterfall of the Utamboni is above Mebonde, and the names of the places and rivers are
also inaccurate. However, the map of the War Department of Spain had a victory because
except for errors in names, the location of the rivers and geographic features was so accurate
that Mr. Bonnel, surprised, asked me what special data we had had to sketch them, and I told
him we relied on the information of the Spanish geographical society, the work of our
explorers, and foreign maps, especially the French ones. It was also clearly seen that
Mebonde is far above the parallel and thus is completely within our domains and that the
general direction of the Tembony is N.E. as indicated on our map, and
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18
not at all to the East or close to the parallel as Foret had claimed. The mystery had now been
solved on this side, and we only needed to finish the second crossing point of the parallel, which
should be between Miassa and Mitombe, always to the south of Mebonde. This will be handled
tomorrow by our geodesists Roche and Nieves; Lieutenant Duboe will make a tour of the
Mitombe and Miassa Inlets to find out if there are any trading posts south of the parallel. After
acquiring the data, it will be determined whether or not to draw up a detailed plan of the territory,
which will have to be done if there is a commercial center with a questionable location.
It was also of utmost interest to determine whether there was any path between Boho
and Miassa that could be used as a border. We knew that there is one that starts at the mouth
of the Boho and goes to Mebonde, but as to its direction and its proximity to the parallel, there
was also a discrepancy between the acquired reports, since although Mr. Foret claimed that it
ran close to the parallel since he was certain that Mebonde was close to that line, Aurelio, the
supply agent from M'Beto, said that this path ran far to the north of the parallel. Duboe and I
set out to resolve this essential point, also taking a canoe in case the other boat couldn’t get
through; We went up the M'Vung or Bongüe River as shown on the map, drawing a sketch of
the riverbank and exploring it carefully to see if there was a trail or estuary (inlet) that could
serve as a border. No path consistent with Aurelio's assertion was found, or any estuary or
village in all of the probable route up to the parallel that, according to the map, should be
located at three kilometers
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up the M'Vung. There is an arm of the Utamboni which forms an island without a specific name
in the region, the terrain of the island is muddy, the soil is flat and there are only insignificant
cassava (mandioca) plants grown by the Pámues [illegible] for their families to eat.
We surveyed the entire M'Vung river, which is about 11 km long; in that area, there are
only two villages near the southern mouth of the river, whose inhabitants belong to the tribe of
the Yaukus and whose chief is named [ ] and [illegible] Vela placed on the left of
the M'Vung near the northern mouth and whose chief [ ] introduced himself to us
wearing a white coat and a Civil Guard tricorn. He belongs to the N'Wong tribe, perhaps
M'Vung from the name of the river.
The direction of the M'Vung is to the N.E. and from the route we took and the
distance measured, compared with the location of Ekododo on the nautical chart, which is
assumed to be accurate at this point, we find that the North mouth of the M'Vung is also well
above the parallel, according to our War Department map.
Our position was also confirmed in the field for this location. We then gathered the
members of the expedition group and returned to Ekododo, leaving only Dalmonte in Mebonde
to complete some explorations at the waterfall and extending Duboe's reconnaissance to the
indicated point of Mebonde in order to include it on the map.
August 11.- Roche, Nieves, and Duboe are leaving on the steamboat to survey in
Mitombe. My time will be spent drawing the map that we have to present to the government,
drawing the routes, and surveying the town of Ekododo.
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I had to interrupt this work on the ninth due to the rains. Osorio is preparing the expedition by
arranging the boxes and their contents, because everything is mixed up and needs to be put
in order for the [illegible].
Based on the reconnaissance carried out by the commissioners on August 2 to
distribute the islands of Muni and Utamboni, the minutes of which I have just translated,
preparing them for the signature of the royal commissioner, since I will not sign them as his
delegate until we complete the operation, it appears from the soundings and our assessment of
the thalweg, which we took as a reference point, that the islands of Ybelo, Grande, Evongue
and Bía or Bekuma will belong to Spain, and the islet of Tabalón will belong to France. They
are all muddy and uninhabitable, except for Grande, where there is still a branch of the Elobey
trading post belonging to the Transatlantic Company, and the other branches that once existed
have been removed. This served as our argument for not acceding to the wishes of the French,
who wanted to possess it under the pretext of combatting smuggling, in addition to the fact that
the island is technically Spanish under the treaty.
For a moment I thought that they were going to dispute our ownership of Ybelo
because the results of the sounding recorded a depth of 13 meters in the North channel
between the islet and the land, more than what the map showed in the South channel, but its
proximity to land, and most importantly the fact that the island is useless and the French are
in a rush and don’t want to needlessly waste time, so they didn’t push the issue, thus also
leaving this first island of the Muni to Spain.
The first astronomic observation in M’Beto
gave us: Longitude East of Paris ... 7° 30’ 59,” 70
Latitude .......................... 0° 59’ 28,” 21
and the French: Longitude East of Paris ... 7° 29’ 00”
Latitude .......................... 0° 59’ 13”
To avoid disagreement, and proceeding in the spirit of cooperation,
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we agreed to adopt the average of both observations, given that the instruments we have and
the time allotted do not allow for greater precision. Therefore, the following coordinates, which
are very close to those shown in the French map, are adopted as the official coordinates:
M’Beto: Longitude East of Paris 7° 29’ 59,” 85
Latitude 0° 59’ 20,” 60
Altitude 15 meters
A reconnaissance of the Utamboni was performed in order to establish a natural border
point that could serve as a reference, and it was found that the mouth of the Boho River, which
on the map appears under the name Peto inlet, is fully in line with our wishes and was therefore
adopted. Thus, the Spanish-French border runs 255 meters south of the mouth of the Boho, and
it will be proposed to the French and Spanish governments that they adopt this permanent and
natural point as the border.
I note here as an example of the fellowship between the two commissions that Captain
Roche was not prepared to make extra meridian observations, and because the sky conditions
here very rarely allow for them to be made at the meridian passage, not even circummeridian
observations, he had no problem asking us about the method we used to determine the
absolute heights, to take advantage of the sun at any time. We also provided him with the
Dowes method that we will use in the future for our work when the map only provides us with
imprecise data on seasonal points, and even better, although more difficult to calculate, is the
method of Mr. Yñigues that we also intend to use, because it has the advantage of not needing
to know the approximate latitude. In addition, in the surveys that Duboe and I have done, we
have also divided up the work so that doing it separately would not
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give rise to mutual distrust and avoid having any disagreement between lead to a question of
personal pride and cause a delay. Thus, I performed the instrumental observations and Mr.
Duboe recorded them in a notebook, at the same time sketching the route. I believe we are
working efficiently at a good pace and that personal issues will not cause problems between
us.
In view of the reconnaissance of Utamboni and the M'Vung completed yesterday, Mr.
Bonnel and I have agreed to dispense with the survey of the land between Utamboni and the
M'Vung River and the parallel to the west of the M'Vung, since it is an impassable swamp,
and that to establish the border, we will use the position of M'Beto, the one determined in
Mitembo, and the survey carried out in the M'Vung, which will allow us to determine a third
intermediate point. With these three points, we have enough to draw the border for that
section that can’t be accessed.
August 12.- No new developments. The brown-skinned people had words with the
Senegalese today because one of the Senegalese punched a porter, knocking out one of his
teeth. The porter came forward with a tooth in his hand demanding justice, told Mr. Foret what
happened, and after several meetings, it was agreed that there was no way to replace the
broken tooth and that they all had to be friends. The Pámues then said that the matter had
been settled with the reprimand they gave to the Senegalese, who had forgiven the brownskinned
man after the tooth incident, but that if the punching happened again, they would leave
the village and would not return to the trading post. Senegalese soldiers in the service of
France are generally despised in the country due to their abuse of the natives. They are brave
people and provide very good services in the explorations, fighting admirably, but they take
what they want without anyone's permission, especially the women, who here are, like
everywhere else, the main point of contention. This leads to verbal arguments, which the
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Ossorio is going with everyone.
As of this date we have not spent a quarter on transportation of people; making do with
the small launch and the boat, while the French paid 28 francs just to transfer their people from
the Magallanes to Kangañe, a distance of 30 meters, in three pirogues from the trading post.
A day of work here is very expensive. The black person charges the same for one
minute as for one day of work, so much so that it cost 26 francs to take a document from here
to Rabat, via pirogue, to anchor on the big island.
August 15.- Upon the return of any of the vessels that left yesterday for Mitombe, we will
move on to Asean to repeat the observation that we are unsatisfied with. We and the French will
go together and will take the mean of our results. Here I am settling our account for supplies,
paying for the beds, six sacks of salt that were taken and some items that were given to
individuals to be discounted from their wages. The total is 314 francs, 20 centimes, for which I
am giving a bond.
Our private account, which I am settling with Mr. Bonnel, who has taken responsibility for
picking it up from Foret, doesn’t come to anything because Foret has told us that we were the
guests of the Colonial Exploration Campaign. I regret I cannot respond with any gift. We left for
Mitombe, where we set up, accompanied by Foret.
August 15, 16 and 17.- Mitombe is our point of departure for the interior. It is situated on
the right bank of the cove. It has a trading post of the Explorations [Campaign] and, instigated
by Foret, the French are interested in preserving it. Lieutenant Duboc had made only one survey
of the cove and of the villages of Mabiaina N’Zongo and Mekossé N’Biam
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(both of the Mitombe group). Foret was referring to Mekossé N’Biam as Mitombe II and to
Mabiaina as Mitombe I. Actually, these names, Mabiaina and Mekossé, are the names of the
chiefs of the two villages, two brothers who separated due to growing population and the latter
settled in N’Biam.
On the Lieutenant’s hand-drawn map the parallel ran through this second village, or
Mitombe II as Foret calls it, and consequently fit the circumstances provided for in the
instructions, to be amicably assigned to either of the two nations (so to not separate the
inhabitants). Based on this, the French requested it and our Commissioner agreed in principle,
agreeing so with Mr. Bonnel. But when I made a round of the cove and surveyed the route, I
immediately noticed that the Lieutenant’s hand-drawn map was wrong and that the location of
Mitombe I was [drawn] closer to the parallel than it really was. So I assumed that Mitombe II
could very well be also situated above the parallel. I made a drawing of my route and when I
was sure of my assumption, I told Bonnel. It was a matter of great interest because the changed
location of the villages meant that the terms of the Treaty could not be invoked and the
proposition concerning cession of Mitombe would set a precedent—which we will also attempt to
take advantage of for the line of the Utamboni. Bonnel expressed his annoyance and told me he
had confidence in the Lieutenant’s work. Since I was confident of mine, of course we did not
reach an agreement and agreed to return to the terrain to find out who was correct. That is what
we did, with Bonnel, the Lieutenant and I going in a pirogue to re-draw the map. From the start
the Lieutenant realized that he had lost the case and that my hand-drawn map was correct
based on the conditions of the work. We came to the end and Bonnel asked me my opinion, and
because the
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Lieutenant’s map was [now] the same as mine, I told him I was happy with the second effort and
that I rejected the first one. Then the Lieutenant magnanimously admitted that an error in the
placement of the Reigné compass he uses to make the drawing must have confused him. I did
not press further and despite the annoyance of the French, the location I had established for
Mitombe I was accepted, approximately some [sic] 600 meters above the parallel and 150
above the cove.
We had yet another point to figure out, which was the location of Mitombe II, as the
village of Mekossé N’Biam was being referred to. Because they were being referred to by the
same name and [the inhabitants] were from the same family, the French—or rather, Foret, the
core of all this disturbance—had assumed they were one and the same village.
Making inquiries in the morning and asking the village chief to come to me, we learned
that the name Mitombe II did not exist other than in Foret’s imagination—who claimed it was the
name in the commercial language—and that its real name was N’Biam and it was therefore an
entirely different village from Mitombe on the cove.
I told Bonnel this and also informed him that I believed it was above the parallel and
consequently in Spanish territory. It was the second blow to the Lieutenant’s hand-drawn map
and to Foret’s skills, and Bonnel (whom I have always believed to be acting in good faith in this
whole affair) had been misled by the biased reports of Foret, and in the afternoon we all went
out together to correct the Lieutenant’s route and to ask what the village was called.
Before our Pámues had left, they had informed me
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that Foret had sent a messenger to N’Biam to have them say that the name of the village was
Mitombe II. But I was forewarned and ready, so I would not be fooled.
We surveyed the route and, in effect, the location I had determined for N’Biam was some
100 meters above the parallel. The Lieutenant had situated it lower, but because I maintained
mine and he was resentful about the matter of the cove, he did not want a comparison and so
agreed with my results. As for the name of the village, it cost me great effort to get from the chief
the real name of Mekossé N’Biam, or simply N’Biam. But pressed by me he finally gave in and
the whole story of Mitombe II finally came tumbling down. So it was recorded that Mitombe I and
II, or better said, the villages of Mabiaina N’Zongo and Mekossé N’Biam, were above the parallel
and that the French had no right to their possession, and if their desire or interest in proposing a
cession was to be considered, it would have to be with proper compensation.
Mitombe Cove Cove
(Drawing by Lt. Duboc) (Drawing by L. Vilches)
So the point had been situated in its true topographical location and the French
topographer had been educated for the future. Furthermore, as the Royal Commissioner had
agreed in principle to the cession, although the village of N’Biam was situated on the parallel,
but located at a very short distance from it, and particularly because it is my understanding that
the spirit of the treaty between Spain and France is truly fraternal and I do not consider this the
time to argue over 100 meters of land or to have a rupture over such a small thing in this
country, which would serve us so little and where the villages so easily move around, allowing
the natives
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to choose whichever flag they prefer. So I told Bonnel that it was necessary to draw up the
record based on the truth and to honestly propose a cession to the respective government in
exchange for a compensation to be proposed later and, so as not to deviate from the
instructions, we should also propose that the border (making use of the natural line) should
follow the cove of Mitombe as far as that village and then the road from Mabiaina to N’Biam,
with both villages going to France in exchange for a compensation to be determined later.
We agreed to this, and the matter appeared to be definitely arranged when a new skill of
Foret’s brought us again close to a break down.
When I was called to read the draft of the record, with all the members of the two
commissions present, I found that it had been drawn up in an ambiguous manner. It referred to
the villages of Mitombe, a vague phrase that could cause complications upon interpretation, and
I expressed my categorical wish that it clearly specified that it was the villages of Mabiaina
N’Zongo and Mekossé N’Biam that were to be ceded. I apparently hit the nail on the head
because the cover-up was immediately revealed. Then Mr. Foret officiously and informatively
spoke up to say that very close to Mekossé N’Biam there was another village of the same family,
called Tegué, where he also had a trading post established and that he believed that the border
also ran nearby and that it should also belong to France.
So then I did not want to give in. I brought up the agreement with Bonnel and said that if
they did not hold to it, we, for our part, would consider ourselves free of all commitments
regarding the Mitombes, that we were going to determine the border with absolute precision, not
through hasty
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surveys only valid as guides or indications for reaching an amicable agreement and not as a
legal foundation, given the uncertainty of the work. I asked to have a Bedoya compass brought
out and proposed that we go immediately to the mouth of the cove, to start from that
astronomically established point and, lastly, stated that the fact that there was a French trading
post there meant nothing, because they are all over the country and cannot be grounds for a
claim of possession. Furthermore, the existence of German and English trading posts, which
are also quite numerous, could mean that we were giving ourselves over to the French customs
system—which is not at all easy—and that they are better off under the Spanish because
merchandise stills comes into our territory duty-free.
Bonnel wanted to divide the matter into two parts, the first already resolved concerning
the agreed cession of Mitombe I and II, a matter he had already resolved with the
Commissioner, and the second was the matter of Tegué, which we needed to address in order
to determine whether it was French or not.
I then responded categorically that the matter of the cession of Mitombe had only been
agreed in principle based on the Lieutenant’s hand-drawn map, under the assumption that the
parallel ran through the village of N’Biam, but that it had just been demonstrated that the handdrawn
map was inaccurate and consequently the Royal Commissioner had no reason to hold to
an agreement that had been based on an erroneous map. I told the Commissioner that, under
my duty to report, if they were to change the proposed conditions, we were exceeding our
instructions and we should not agree to such a request and that I doubted he would take
responsibility for agreeing to it against my report and, lastly, that as the two matters were
closely related, if the border was not going to run along the Mekossé N’Biam road all
agreements were off and we had to work with
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accuracy, no matter how long it took.
Bonnel understood that my stance was more firm than his and did not insist further on
his defense of Foret. So I assured him I was doing it out of commitment, so that it could not be
said that I was indifferent to defending French mercantile interests. Thus ending the conference,
I stood up and extended my hand to him in true friendship and said, “We are always at your
disposal. If you want us to proceed in agreement, know that I am willing. Sincerely, you yourself
decide what you believe we should all do. He understood my idea and after conferring
thoroughly with his officers and with Foret, he came looking for me and told me literally [in
French], “Forgive me; I am very embarrassed over the Tegué matter. When we are in the
interior I won’t have any question like this. The frontier can run to the north or to the south, as in
the hand-drawn map. What is important to me is that it follow the shortest line.”
And he gave me a paper with a drawing on which the border ran in a zig-zag line
following the general line of the parallel, turning back and forth between the Spanish and French
territories.
The record was drawn up as agreed, with a modification that I proposed at the last
minute, placing on record that we were owed compensation. The Tegué matter was abandoned
definitively and orders were given to leave the next day in the afternoon, because the morning
was to be employed in making copies of the records.
Before leaving Mitombe we had what is called here a “word.” We had just finished eating
when we heard a horrible uproar. We went out to see and found ourselves surrounded
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30
in the afternoon that I was by chance able to find my suitcase and to change clothes and
recover. Add to this a night spent exposed to the weather and the make-shift meals and it is
understandable that I was somewhat fearful of what might happen to me.
August 20.- After breaking Will-o-the-Wisp Camp, we marched to Anguma, where we
spent the night.
August 21.- We left Anguma at five, to complete our passage of the Crystal Mountain
range and reach Massilé. The scene with the supplementary porters was repeated as on the
previous day and I became determined to stick with the people we had brought with us from the
coast, even if I had to throw out the contents of the cargo. If the day’s work on the 19th had been
arduous today’s efforts were equally so. We have ascended to the height of the mountain range,
five hundred ten meters, up impossible precipices and over slippery stones for which the natives,
who have a great sense of balance, required a handrail made of vines. The natives call this
difficult, slippery passage Backen ó Bekoü and this is also the name of the mountain, taken from
the difficulty of crossing it. The name, Crystal Mountains, is not a native name, for the simple
reason that the Pámues do not know what glass is. We have crossed two ranges, the first
named Anguma and the second Backen and I have managed to gather thorough information on
this interesting point. The scenes of the previous day were repeated, but as the march was
shorter despite the path being steeper, and as the weight of the cargo was better distributed, it
was not as arduous.
Duboc and I walked at the front, setting the route. Behind us came Nieves and Roche, to
control the progress of the caravans, and lastly Bonnel and Ossorio, keeping order, overseeing
everything
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and, along with the Senegalese and the police, preventing the porters from lagging behind and
disappearing with the cargo.
We reached Massilé at four, and although Bonnel wanted to leave early the next day, I
made him see the need to rest, to be able to make a final arrangement of the cargo so as to
eliminate the need to take people from the villages, who are expensive and quickly consume the
few articles of exchange (coin) that we have, and we agreed to stop.
From Anguma to Massilé we travelled 13 kilometers.
August 22.- We stayed in Massilé, arranging the cargo, setting the works in order,
comparing pedometers and rationing the people for three days. Nieves and Roche arranged to
conduct an astronomical observation, although the French said that under their instructions, they
didn’t have to do more than three observations: One on the Utamboni, another at the 9th and
another in Campo, but I insisted and stated that we will do them ourselves, as much to take
advantage of the time as to provide greater precision to the cartography work.
Duboc has already had time to draw up his route and I will do it this afternoon after
comparing the pedometer, which doesn’t inspire much confidence in me. According to the
Lieutenant’s siting, which agrees with our map, Massilé is five hundred meters below the
parallel. He also figures that we have travelled 28 kilometers along the line of the parallel.
August 23.- (14,800 m) We set out at the front of the Spanish caravan, because Bonnel
said that he had to review his cargo. Actually, I think he is avoiding being in the front because
his expedition travels with more difficulty than ours and the
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Annex 9
Report No. 1196 from the Government of Kamerun (German Colony) to the State Secretary
of the Imperial Colonial Office Berlin W. concerning Agreements with the Spanish Governor-
General Regarding a Certain Amount of Freedom of Movement for our Troops on the Spanish-
Muni Border (6 August 1913)

TRANSLATION
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Copy A, IV.1986.13.
Imperial Government Buea, August 6, 1913.
of
Cameroon
G. B. I. [unknown abbreviation] no. 2331/13.
Report no. 1196.
Subject: Agreements with the Spanish
Governor General regarding a certain amount of
freedom of movement for our troops
on the Spanish-Muni border
- - - -
In connection with the report no. 1062 of July 18 of this year
I. 90 Geh. [unknown abbreviation]
- - - -
A few days ago, I sent Legation Councilor Dr. Olshausen to
St. Isabel for the negotiations with the Spanish Governor General,
the prospect of which is mentioned at the end of the abovereferenced
report.
Enclosed please find a copy of a report from the 28th of this
month presented to me by the aforementioned regarding the
execution of his order, together with documents as well as a
subsequent exchange of telegrams with the Governor General in
St. Isabel and a follow-up letter from today.
I may assume that regarding the noteworthy advantages that
have arisen out of the agreements entered into regarding our
operations on the border, without these advantagesbeing offset by
any significant obilgations, these agreements will be met with
consent there.
40081. At
19637
GER-EG 0612_T
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-2-
At the planned meeting with the chief of the southern border
expedition, Major Zimmermann, I will also discuss what needs to be
initiated on the basis of these agreements and then issue the
necessary instructions to the authorities in Ojem and Ukoko. I
reserve the right to submit a further report on this matter.
Signed: Ebermaier.
To Mr. State Secretary of the Imperial Colonial Office
Berlin. W.
- - - - - - - - -
GER-EG 0613_T
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-3-
Copy.
Buea, July 28, 1913
Received: Buea, July 28, 1913
G. B. I. [unknown abbreviation] no. 2253.
Your Excellency:
With my compliments, I am enclosing an exchange of letters
between the Spanish Governor General and myself regarding the
question of military cooperation on our border with Spanish Guinea,
which is the result of rather lengthy negotiations.
The agreements entered into will be valid as - in Mr.
Barrera’s words - a “special status quo” between the two
colonies as soon Your Excellency has ratified them, as long as
the governments at home do not change them. On the basis
of the agreements, our troops may:
1. exercise a right of pursuit up to 30 kilometers into the Spanish
territory along the entire southern border of Spanish Guinea, and
2. exercise a right of passage and also otherwise operate as
required in the entire Spanish southeastern corner, according to the
more detailed description in the letter of the Governor General.
The corresponding counter-rights for Spanish troops can be
granted without hesitation, since they are of no significance
whatsoever, because Spain does not have any troops in the
southeastern corner and along the entire southern border has a
very small number of troops, only roughly up to Elum (25 km east of
the mouth of the Tembont).
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Should the southeastern region of the Spanish territory be occupied
by the military again in the foreseeable future, which I consider
entirely unlikely, the agreement for us to be allowed to operate on
foreign territory will no longer be needed anyway, because in that
case, the Spanish troops can be enlisted for actual cooperation.
The advantage of the agreements suggested by me now is
therefore entirely on our side, as long as we alone have large
numbers of troops on the border.
I will also consider as quite harmless the explanations set
forth towards the end of the letter from His Excellency Barrera
regarding the necessity of a firm basis for the preliminary
acceptance of the border and the suggestion that we shall base this
on Moisel’s map for the time being, and in any case should avoid
one State appointing chiefs and distributing insignia (flags) for
localities that are in the territory of the other State according to the
aforementioned map. Errors of the map will occasionally be in our
favor and occasionally be in the favor of the Spaniards and will be
easy to correct once the border will be permanently marked.
Apart from that, I may refer to my oral presentation of today.
Signed: Dr. Olshausen.
GER-EG 0615_T
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Copy.
Santa Isabel, July 26, 1913.
Your Excellency:
I have had the honor of setting forth the reasons that make it seem
desirable for the Imperial Government of Cameroon to obtain, on the
southern border and in the southern region of the eastern border of
Spanish Muni, greater freedom of action than currently exists on account
of the Spanish border. I may repeat that the Imperial Government naturally
respects the Spanish territory in every respect, for example, by taking
measures on its own initiative for the evacuation of the post of Nzork,
which was taken over from the French, in case it is determined to
undoubtedly be on Spanish soil.
But since the entire part of the Spanish colony in question, namely
the area between the Abanga and the Uelle, is not occupied by military,
considerable difficulties arise for the pacification of the adjoining parts of
Cameroon if the Spanish border is strictly observed; for although there are
entirely enough troops on the German side, the inhabitants of that region
escape subjugation or punishment at any time by crossing over into
Spanish territory. Our troops, as well as the merchant community, which
has been expanding rapidly since the German administration took over
those parts of the territory,
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must constantly expect that the natives who have crossed over into
Spanish territory will go on the attack from there. It is thus obvious that the
enormous sacrifices that the Imperial Government makes in order to
pacify those regions are in large part in vain as long as there are not
enough troops on the Spanish side to prevent the crossing of
insubordinate natives and thus operate in concert with us.
It would therefore probably be in our mutual interest - since the
Spanish administration is without a doubt also interested in pacification - if
1. a right of pursuit were to be granted along the entire border so that
military operations of our troops within or in continuation of a military
action started on the German side would not have to stop at the border
during the pursuit of the enemy.
2. [It would also be in our mutual interest] that a general permission is
granted for our troops to operate in the entire region located between the
rivers Abange and Uelle, if necessary.
In my opinion, it would go without saying that in every location
where Spanish troops are positioned, they would have a corresponding
right of pursuit on German territory.
I would be very grateful to Your Excellency if you could let me know
what you think about the suggestions I made. If Your Excellency needs
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the approval of your government in Madrid in order to grant definite
assurance of consent, my government would be very grateful if, prior to
this consent, you could provide preliminary permission in the sense
indicated.
I have the honor to remain your Excellency’s humble servant,
With highest regards,
Signed: Dr. Olshausen
- - - - - - - -
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General
Government of the
Spanish Territories
of the Gulf of
Guinea.
Number 472.
-------
Santa Isabel, July 26, 1913.
Your Excellency,
I have the honor of answering your gracious letter, dated
today, in which you summarize the topics discussed at the
meeting we had yesterday afternoon regarding mutual
cooperation on our borders, in other words, in the South and
East of the Spanish territory; and understanding that we
should write down our private opinions, establishing them
well, so that while our respective Governments come to an
agreement we not only avoid friction between the two
Colonies, which we must always avert, but rather offer each
other mutual aid as concerns the said borders, I issue in this
letter my personal opinion, hoping that we thus arrive at a
type of special status quo between the two Colonies while
we do not occupy our respective border territories and while
our Governments come to an agreement and a clear and
stable delimitation that merits the approval of our respective
Sovereigns.
According to the desires which His Excellency the
Imperial Governor of the German Protectorate of Cameroon
presents by means of Your Excellency, included in the aid
we must render each other, is that of
40081 attaining
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attaining the end that for punishments deserved by
settlements that currently figure as border settlements, that
the native residents do not evade them by entering Spanish
territory, if the settlement of the perpetrator of acts that merit
punishment appears to belong to the districts of Ukoko and
Ojem, or by entering German territory if they appear to
belong to Spanish territory.
However, my personal opinion, naturally except for what
my Government decides, agrees with the desires that His
Excellency the Imperial Governor makes known to me
through you, that whereas both Colonies shall not
permanently occupy the places that are border settlements
today, located to the South of the Benito or Wolo [River], in
other words, that if it becomes necessary to punish a
settlement that, while appearing to belong to German
territory, enters into Spanish territory to avoid punishment,
the German column in charge of punishing it may pursue it in
Spanish territory as far as one day’s journey from the line
considered to be the border; and vice versa, whenever a
settlement that appears to belong to Spanish territory, on
fleeing to avoid punishment, enters into German territory, the
Spanish column pursuing it may pursue it into German
territory for another day, with a day being defined as twelve
hours, in other words, the distance that can be walked from
six in the morning until six in the
evening
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evening at approximately three kilometers per hour with a
two-hour rest, or in other words, a thirty-kilometer route in
each territory. -
Likewise, I have no issue with the German forces
established in the district of Ojem, south of the Benito or
Wolo River, that when they need to move to the district of
Ukoko and operate against tribes that flee from the German
side, as long they do not occupy our territory, they may pass
through and operate within the space included between the
left bank of the Benito or Wolo, starting from the meridian
borderline, to the N’gom settlement, located in Spanish
territory on page twelve of Moisel’s German map of April 1,
1912, south of 1° 30’ North latitude, [and] the Mtobo River to
the N’korki settlement, passing through Angoum, Onvan,
Aoulo, M’foua, Edok, N’solón, N’voma, Bindoum, N’kom,
Oudong, Niandim, Azok and the left bank of the Abanga
River to Melark, as long as in reciprocity, a Spanish force
has consent to traverse and operate in a space of the
German territory located to the South of the Benito or Wolo,
included on the same map between the left bank of this river
to the Essa settlement, then following through Menguä,
N’sonange, Mendung, Ongongo, Metsimu, Mibang, Elelem,
the road marked on the
map
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map that passes through Andun, Afia, and Tutue to
Boumintolo, and we shall inform each other of the operations
which we have verified, and the settlements that we have
needed to pass through to pursue those inhabitants that
have become deserving of punishment and have fled to the
neighboring territory.
Having said that, I understand that in order to arrive at
this special status quo between the two Colonies, while our
Governments reach an agreement, we must reach
agreement on an important point regarding the towns that
we must consider as border settlements, starting from some
basis, and this general Government has only one, which is
the following.:-
In 1901, a Franco-Spanish Commission situated several
points on the Southern and Eastern border of the Spanish
territory that, even though they did not later merit the
approval of the French and Spanish governments, at least I
am unaware that they did, the coordinates of the points they
chose were calculated by both commissions, either because
of their relative arrangements or because they found
themselves near agreed-upon landforms to which they could
be easily related, and the mean values adopted as suitable
by both commissions were:-
M’beto
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M’beto Longitude: 7°-29’-59”, 85 E. of Paris Latitude
and 0°-59’-20”, 60 N
Ekododo “ 7°-34’-39”,􀀃 65” “ and 0°-58’-15” 82- “
Confluence of
the Mitamboni
and the
Utamboni
(
(“
(
7°-37’-39”,􀀃 67” “ and 0°-04’-14” 77”- “
Asan or Assay “ 7°-34’-3”,􀀃 62” “ and 0°-59’-23” 84”- “􀀃
Efang. “ 8°-0’-5”,􀀃 75” “ and 0°-59’-35” 11”- “􀀃
Akuas “ 8°-55’-24”,􀀃 45” “ and 1°-2’-22” 45”- “􀀃
Fula 22 8°-58’-12”,􀀃 37” “ and 1°-2’-3” 31”- “􀀃
Undong “ 9°-1’-51”,􀀃 30” “ and 1°-1’-19” 80”- “􀀃
Akoniqui “ 9°-5’-25”,􀀃 20” “ and 1°-25’-31” 22”- “􀀃
M’bomonam “ 9°-0’ 26” 70” “ and 1°-46’-54” 95”- “􀀃
the last two comprising between them the course of the
Benito or Wolo, as marked on the German map cited above.
Some more points were situated by the Spanish
commission, but they were not taken into account for the
delimitation that was then effected because the French
commission had not verified them, and a quick sketch
accompanied it, being not much more than this, on a
1:1,000,000 scale, in which the points whose coordinates
were calculated are then set. –
Starting from this basis, I believe we must take the
position that is fixed at the confluence of the Mitombe with
the Utamboni, as explained above, and consider as border
points those to the East of this location that are situated in
the German map previously cited, provisionally
admitting
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admitting, between us, that while it does not amount to a true
delimitation of borders between Germany and Spain, that the
settlements situated on this plain to the South and East of
the 1st parallel North latitude and the 11-20” “ meridian East
of Greenwich, supposing that this is the meridian to which
the abovementioned map refers, belong to German territory,
and that those situated to the north; west of the cited
parallels and meridian, belong to Spanish territory, in other
words, those marked as borders in the German map I have
mentioned so many times, and we shall promise not to
occupy any point marked on the map as belonging to the
neighboring colony, nor to give a designation or flag to the
chiefs of settlements that appear in each of the respective
territories, nor to those that appear to be situated exactly on
the parallel and meridian of the border, which we consider
neutral, without considering in our private agreement
Mitombe located at the previously given latitude. Let us
prejudge that they belong really to a special territory, so that
nothing shall prejudice the points we take to maintain this
special status quo, that they belong really to one or the other
colony, which shall be decided on the day that the borders
are delimited by a German-Spanish commission, and
displacing
as
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as is logical the points that are occupied today, starting from
Mitombe eastward, and withdrawing the designations and
flags that may have been given to the chiefs of the
settlements that appear on the map in each of the territories.
–
At present, the Franco-German commission may situate
some of these points, and even when the observations of
these commissions merit our absolute confidence, I believe
that until a German-Spanish commission corrects them, we
should abide by this special status quo, and consider as a
basis the map cited above, and therefore the military posts
that we may establish shall be established referring to this
map, without, I repeat, prejudging anything, and the day that
the borders are delimited we shall withdraw if we find
ourselves established in German territory, and the Germans
shall withdraw if they find themselves established in Spanish
territory.
I believe that we shall thus avoid any hint of discord while
we have not come to a true delimitation and an effective
occupation, and in this last case, which shall surely be the
first thing to be done, we shall be able to eliminate each
one’s operation in the neighboring territory, because in that
case each one may avoid passage of the settlements that
flee from one to the other.-
Your Excellency submitted one case for my
consideration
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26 (hw)
consideration and it was that of avoiding the establishment
of tribes from one territory in the other; this shall always be
difficult because the tribes do not occupy a defined space,
but rather are very divided and mixed; the only thing that we
will be able to agree on shall be passage of the settlements,
setting in due course a deadline of no less than one year for
these settlements to choose one territory or the other.
As always, I have the honor of being, with my highest
esteem and consideration, Your Excellency’s devoted and
humble servant,
Signed by Angel Barrera
Governor General.
To His Excellency Doctor Frantz Olshausen. –
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Annex 10
Aide-Mémoire from the Spanish Governor-General of Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea
concerning the Study of a Natural Border in the East of Spanish Guinea (7 October 1920)

TRANSLATION
October 7, 1920
SUCCINCT EXPOSÉ ON THE STUDY OF A NATURAL BORDER IN THE EAST OF
SPANISH GUINEA
This exposé was prepared upon the request of His Excellency the Governor
General of Spanish Possessions in the Gulf of Guinea, pursuant to the study performed
on the entire eastern border of Spanish Guinea by the Spanish mission, led by the chief
and Capitan Raffalli of the Native Battalion of Gabon, head of the Wollen-N’Tem
(Gabon) district.
This exposé will be developed and sent, along with a supporting sketch, to
His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain, through the Governor
General of Spanish Possessions in the Gulf of Guinea and the Governor General of
French Equatorial Africa, through the head of the Wollen-N’Tem district.
A copy of said exposé, which may be used as a basis for proposals subsequently
made to the two governments to replace a natural border at the 9° longitude east of
Paris, was
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sent to His Excellency the Governor General of Spanish Possessions in the Gulf of
Guinea.
The natural borders that may be proposed to replace the 9° longitude east of
Paris are as follows:
- Northern Wollen Region
1. The “Kye” River from the 2° 10’ 20” latitude north up to its source;
2. A straight line connecting the sources of the “Kye” River and the source of
the “None” River;
3. The “None” River from its source to its confluence with the “M’Fomou” River;
4. The “M’Fomou” River affluent (right bank) in Wollen from its confluence
with the Wollen or Benito.
- Northern Wollen Region
5. The “N’Doua” River from its confluence with the Wollen up to its confluence
with one of its affluents (right bank) of the “Bihoué” River;
6. The “Bihoué” River from its confluence with the “N’Doua” River up to its
source;
7. A straight line connecting the sources of the “Bihoué” River with the source of
the “N’Sé” River, leaving the village of Bindang in Spanish territory;
8. The “N’Sé” River from its source up to its confluence with the
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“Memié” River, of which it is an affluent (right bank);
9. A straight line connecting the confluence of the “N’Sé” River with the
“Memié” River, up to the source of the “N’Koué” River, a left affluent of the “N’Kam.”
10. The “N’Koué” River, from its source up to its confluence with the “N’Kam”
River;
11. The “N’Kam” River, up to the point where this river crosses the 1st parallel.
It is established that the source of the Kyé River is located between the villages
of Binzang (T. Okasse) and N’Kog-Assang (T. Essembira) and south of the road that
connects these two villages;
Spanish Zone: From N’Kog-Assang to the source of the Kyé River, crossing the
small Ebbe – Malok – Yongo rivers.
Approximate distance: - 4 kilometers;
General direction: - NW – SE
French Zone: - From Binzang (T. Okasse) to the source of the Kyé River,
crossing the small “Meniara” river;
Approximate distance: - 2 kilometers 500;
General direction: - NE – SW
It is also established that the source of the “None” River, an affluent of the
“M’Fomou” River, is located very close to the source of the Kyé River, at an
approximate distance
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of 1 km. 500.
Spanish Zone: From the village of N’Kog-Assang to the confluence of the “None”
River with the “M’Fomou” and the confluence of the latter river with the Wollen or
Benito, the following villages are located:
N’Kog – Essog - (T. Essembira);
N’Kog – Massa - (T. Essembira);
Epiang or Odendi - (T. Essembira);
Ensem - (T. Essembira);
M’Foumayop - (T. Essembira).
From M’Foumayop to the confluence of the “None” River with the “M’Fomou”
River, following a general North-South direction, one reaches said confluence after
walking approximately 2km;
Two villages of “M’Foumayop” straddle the “M’Fomou” River, located prior to
arriving at the confluence of this river with the “None” river.
From M’Foumayop to Wollen, in the Spanish zone, the village of N’Ko-Ayap
(T. Essembira) is located;
French Zone: From Binzang to the confluence of the “M’Fomou” River with
the Wollen, the following villages are located:
Miboué - (T.Yengui);
Essong - (T.Yengui);
Amban - (T.Yengui);
N’Gon - (T.Yengui);
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Essong - Assi - (T.Yengui);
Abeng - (T.Yengui);
Ebbonffak - (T Essemuine);
M’Bakag - (T. Essengui).
Study of the N’Doua River, left affluent of the “Wollen” or Benito, and the
“Bihoué” River, an affluent of the “N’Doua” River.
From the village of M’Bakag (Essingui), the last village on the left bank of the
“M’Fomou” River, following a general NE-SW direction, crossing the Wollen near the
confluence of the Bengolo River, right affluent of the Wollen;
After walking 15’, one crosses the Oguengué River, which enters the
Wollen, sightly upstream from the Bengolo River.
After a half hour walk, one arrives at the village of Akoum (T. Essenvona).
The Akoum (T. Essenvona) grouping consists of 6 villages that are located a few
hundred meters apart, following the “Akoum – M’Vane” road. The distance from Akoum
to the confluence of the N’Doua River with the Wollen, going through the village of
Okong: 5 km. 325 m.
The road nearest the N’Doua River is the
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“Akoum – M’Vane” road.
Approximate distance from Akoum to M’Vane: measured with a pedometer: 12
km 500.
General direction: NW – SE
Following this road, one then encounters the Mengong (T. Essemvons) group,
consisting of 4 villages, the village of N’Dzek (T. Essabang).
The following rivers are then crossed:
Meba River – an affluent of the N’Doua (left bank)
Monignan River – an affluent of the N’Doua (left bank)
Bihoué River (rather large river) that enters the N’Doua River between the
villages of N’Dzek and M’Vane.
Approximately 25’ further on is the village of M’Vane, at the confluence of the
Bihoué River with the N’Doua River.
Distance by pedometer: 1 km 200.
Villages located in the Spanish zone near the N’Doua River:
Akoum – Okong – Mengong – N’Dzek.
Villages located in the French zone near the N’Doua River:
M’Vane – Angoum – Ekoresson – N’Doua:
For the Bihoué River study, from its confluence with the N’Doua River up to its
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source, is the “M’Vane – Bindang” stage.
From M’Vane to Bindang, the Bané (T. Yengui) group is located – 5 villages and
the village of N’Gó (T. N’Guey).
Three large rivers are crossed during this stage:
The Bengone River, which enters the M’Vom;
The M’Vom River, an affluent from the left of the Bihoué River;
The Bihoué River.
Distance form M’Vane to Bindang – measured by pedometer: 17 km 500.
To arrive in Bindang at the source of the “Bihoué” river, it is necessary to travel
20’ through the brush. The source is located N-NW of the village of Bindang.
The source of the “N’Sé” river is located N-NE of the village of Bindang.
This river is crossed two times throughout the “Bindang – Azongbé”
stage. Distance from Bindang to Azombé, measured by pedometer: 6 km
900; General direction: NE – SW
The source of the N’Kouee river is located S-SE of the village of
Akoulenzork. This river is not encountered in the “Akoulenzork – Ezan” phase.
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In view of the study of the N’Koué River, an affluent of the N’Kam (left bank),
proposed as the natural border from its source up to its confluence with the N’Kam, the
following stages appear:
1. “Ezan – Aninzork” through N’Kolaio;
From Ezan to N’Kolaio; approximate distance of 10 km 500.
General direction: N-S
From N’Kolaio to Aninzork: approximate distance of 7 km 500.
General direction: E-NE – W-SW
2. “Aninzork – Konanbo” through Amvam
From Aninzork to Konanbo, approximate distance: 17 km
The villages of Ezan – Edork – Aninzork – Amvam – Menzig – Konambo –
Mallène, all located east of the N’Koué River and the N’Kom River, are located in the
French zone.
The villages of N’Zork – N’Koum – Yene – Aninzork – Angone are located in the
Spanish zone.
The villages indicated above are the ones located near the N’Koué River and the
N’Kom River.
From the village of Konambo (T. Onvang) to the milestone in Mallène, there
are no significant rivers and no villages.
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Approximate distance: 3 kilometers.
At the village of Mallène, a milestone with the following inscriptions was placed:
– D. G. E. – 1912 –
In a S – N direction from this milestone, at a distance of approximately 1 km, a
second milestone was placed, with the following indications:
Done in Doumandzou on October 7, 1920.
Capitan Raffalli, head of the Wollen-
N’Tem (Gabon) district
Raffalli (signed)
The Governor General of Spanish
Possessions in the Gulf of Guinea,
Angel Barrera (signed)
Note: The astronomical observations made by Mr. de Carranza, Deputy Governor of
Elobey, throughout the eastern border of Spanish Guinea, located much farther
to the east, as previously indicated, the border of this colony with Gabon (Wollen
- N’Tem district) [sic].
Nevertheless, it is necessary to ascertain the accuracy of said
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observations by verifying the chronometers used by the Deputy Governor of Elobey
throughout his mission.
This verification must be conducted upon the arrival of this official in Elobey.
The results of these observations, when definitively determined, shall be addressed at
the same time as the General detailed report of the study performed to the highest
authorities involved.
Done in Doumandzou on October 7, 1920.
Capitan Raffalli, head of the Wollen-
N’Tem district
Raffalli (signed)
The Governor General of Spanish
Possessions in the Gulf of Guinea,
Angel Barrera (signed)
This Is a copy of the original.
The Governor General
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Annex 11
Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, Statistical Office of the General Government,
Statistical Summaries: Province of Rio Muni 1932 (1932) (excerpt)

TRANSLATION
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POPULATION
AND CATALOG OF NAMES
OF THE
SPANISH POSSESSIONS
OF THE
GULF OF GUINEA
______
Book I
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MINISTRY OF LABOR, HEALTH AND WELFARE
BUREAU OF STATISTICS
POPULATION AND CATALOG OF NAMES
of the
territorial units (islands and continental area), territorial divisions and settlements, listing the
buildings and shelters (shacks, huts, etc.) made of brick, wood or nipa, and DE FACTO and
DE JURE populations, specifying race,
OF THE SPANISH POSSESSIONS OF THE GULF OF GUINEA
compiled by the
General Directorate of the Cadastral and Statistical Geographic Institute as of December 31,
1930, based on the results of the correction carried out in the field pursuant to the Order issued
by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers on March 28, 1932.
BOOK I
MADRID
AUGUSTO BOUÉ ALARCÓN
Libertad, 24
1936
/[stamp] - OFFICE OF THE
PRIME MINISTER –
General Directorate of
Morocco and Colonies
LIBRARY – ARCHIVE/
NATIONAL
LIBRARY
MADRID
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MINISTRY OF LABOR, HEALTH AND WELFARE
_________
Having completed the printing of the numerical results of the classification of buildings and
shelters, and of the number of inhabitants present in the Spanish Possessions of the Gulf of
Guinea, according to the Catalog of Names and Population Census taken on December 31,
1930, as amended by the Special Commission appointed on March 28, 1932,
This Ministry, in accordance with the proposal of the Department of the Deputy Secretary
under your command, has ordered the immediate publication of the data containing the
aforementioned classifications.
I inform Your Lordship of the foregoing for your knowledge and due compliance.
Madrid, September 10, 1936.
F. Senyal
His Lordship the Deputy Secretary of Labor and Social Services
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 24 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF BUILDINGS No.
of
shelt
ers
and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldg
s.
and
shelt
ers
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
TOTAL…… 7 39 37 83 2,873 2,956
4,611 4,797 9,408 4,665 4,811 9,476 2 * 2 268 53 321 270 53 323
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 25 —
E b é l i y í n
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
[De]marcation of)
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 26 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF BUILDINGS No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldg
s.
and
shelt
ers
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 27 —
E b é l i y í n
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 28 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF BUILDINGS No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldg
s.
and
shelt
ers
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 29 —
E b é l i y í n
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 30 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldg
s.
and
shelt
ers
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F To
t.
M F Tot. M F Tot.
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 31 —
E b é l i y í n
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
NATIONAL
LIBRARY
MADRID
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 32 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No.
of
shelt
ers
and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldgs.
and
shelters
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F To
t.
M F Tot.
TOTAL……
2
7 29 38 7,605 7,643 20
4
24
18,592 * * * 1,268 242 1,510 1,268 242 1,510
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 33 —
E b é l i y í n
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 38 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldgs.
and
shelte
rs
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
TOTAL……
Kogo (Demarcation)
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 39 —
K o g o
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
[demar]cation of)
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 40 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldgs.
and
shelte
rs
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 41 —
K o g o
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 42 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldgs.
and
shelte
rs
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F To
t.
M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 43 —
K o g o
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 44 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldgs.
and
shelte
rs
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F To
t.
M F To
t.
M F Tot.
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 45 —
K o g o
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
227
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 46 —
Continental Guinea (continued)
SETTLEMENTS
NO. OF
BUILDINGS
No. of
shelte
rs and
nipa
huts
Tot.
bldgs.
and
shelte
rs
RESIDENTS
B
R
I
C
K
WO
O
D
N
I
PA
T
O
T
A
L
PRESENT ABSENT
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
TOTAL……
Annex 11
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
— 47 —
K o g o
TRANSIENT
POPULATIONS
DE FACTO DE JURE
White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL White Race Black Race TOTAL
M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot. M F Tot.
Annex 11
229
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016 (212) 776-1713
www.waterstreettranslations.com [email protected]
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Jamie Mullin, a linguist with
substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified
by the American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
09/24/22
Date
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Annex 12
Letter from the Military Administrator of the N’sork Land Administration, Spanish Territories of
the Gulf of Guinea (18 November 1938)

WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
TRANSLATION
Your Excellency
In compliance with your above Memorandum No. 2552, dated October 27 of the current year, I
have the honor to inform Y.E. of the following.
According to the information held by this Administration, as of the month of May of 1938, a brick
kiln was built between the Villages of Alún to Mandok using the dedicated services of the
detachment to build said kiln, dryers and molds with a capacity of (7,000) seven thousand bricks.
During the days that the kiln and dryers were full, the detachment also repaired the Encampment
Hospital and built a new bridge over the nearby Nkomo river. ROADS – : With the N'Sork – Asok
– Mongomo road being the only one under construction and being only 13 Km long, almost all the
workers were concentrated on this task, which was divided into sections; in some of these it was
not possible to push forward, such as the one between Domsí – Abama, due to the considerable
slopes and the task of manufacturing bricks. This section was finished on the 25th day of the
current month and when the brigade withdrew, it was set to cleaning ditches and repairing defects.
The above mentioned work covers the entire Demarcation, with a quarter of all working men being
relieved in rotation, so that they may attend to repairing their farms and maintaining their roads.
– Month of June –
The construction of the bridge over the Nkomo river was finished and the road works continue
with the greatest attention. The smaller roads are being maintained for personal transit.
Annex 12
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TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
In the Encampment, the Post Chief’s house was repaired because the living conditions were so
poor. 32 stoves were repaired in the Encampment as well as the Hospital, which was in such a
condition that it could not accommodate patients. 50 men from the detachment were employed in
these works, of those, 12 were under arrest.
– Month of July –
From Asok to Ebomikú, there was a stretch of useable road about 3 km long and 4 km wide, going
at that point into the forest and becoming a trail until ESOMO near EBOMIKU (16 km) and from
this point to N'SORK (24 km) there was the outline of a road but due to the passage of time it had
practically disappeared. Almost all of the ditches and the bridges that existed on the road from
ASOK to N'SORK (48 bridge crossings) were only useful for the passage of pedestrians. With this
starting point and once the first part of the road between N'SORK – MANDOK was known, the
undersigned Official, through layout and construction created the safety conditions for all kinds of
traffic. The road work intensified, with the detachment being reassigned from manufacturing
bricks, which was left to the men under arrest. These road and other works were under the
direction and oversight of the COLONIAL GUARD. Even with only a quarter of the detachment
(40 men) there was the satisfaction that by the end of the month, about 16 km was completed,
with bridges repaired. For the road sections going through settlements, after the detachment’s
work is finished, the inhabitants will be in charge of maintenance. This will bring good results, due
to the incentive of each wanting to be the best and with the MASSÁ settlement serving as an
example for all.
Annex 12
258
TRANSLATION
– Month of August –
With the detachment arriving to the camp, the vegetation in the surrounding area was cut, the
road was raised in some sections crossing the swamp near the camp, and the hospital was
repaired. On the section to ASOK, work was being done with the same intensity, so an instructor
was sent to this town to build canoes for a raft and a new bridge over the Benito River, like the
one already there that was in very bad condition, which, because it is suspended, has to be
constantly maintained to remain safe. While road work from this settlement to ASSORK is
ongoing, the last section of this demarcation has been laid out and work has begun, which goes
from the ASOK – BENITO RIVER boundary of this demarcation to that of Ebebiyin (6 km).
– Month of September –
Road work continued with the construction of bridges that were built to be practical and useable
for all traffic. Ditches were 1.50 m deep and 3 m wide in order to resist heavy rains. At the end of
this month there were only 11 km of road and bridge repairs left to finish the N’SORK – ASOK
ENCAMPMENT section.
– Month of October –
The construction of bridges and the repair of ditches is completed up to ASOK ENCAMPMENT,
but widening ditches and work on those with excessive slopes is ongoing. Work is also ongoing
in the ASOK ENCAMPMENT – BENITO RIVER section, up to the boundary of this demarcation
and a 40 m long bridge was completed crossing that river, made of wood and melongo, which
withstand considerable weight, according to tests conducted. In the N’SORK – ABAM section, the
entire length of the road was cut, leaving a one-kilometer stretch clear on both sides.
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
Annex 12
259
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
TRANSLATION
Hospital repairs continued, vegetation in the encampment surroundings was cut and roads for
staff transit were maintained.
– Month of November –
As per Memorandum No. 2370, dated October 5 of this year, the detachment was suspended.
– SUMMARY –
Currently, 53 km of roadway are completely finished, from N’SORK to ASOK ENCAMPMENT.
Along this section there are 48 bridge crossings, of which 21 starting from N’SORK are completely
rebuilt and useable for all traffic.
The road is 5 m wide and narrower spots, due to uneven land, are more than 3 m. There are 6 km
missing for connecting this demarcation with that of Ebebiyin [sic], which is the ASOK
ENCAMPMENT – BENITO RIVER segment (boundary of this demarcation). From this
encampment (N’Sork) and to the west, there is a road that ends in the MOKOMO settlement
(14 km), where is looks like work has stopped. According to reports, that road was to connect
with ALUN, boundary of this demarcation with AKURENAN.
In compliance with the Memorandum of last October 27th, I have the honor to inform Y.E.
May God keep Y.E. for many years to come
N’SORK November 18, 1938
Triumphal Year III
Military Administrator
[signature]
SPANISH
TERRITORIES OF
THE GUINEAN
GOLF
N’SORK LAND
ADMINISTRATION
Annex 12
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10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
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CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Dawn Gable, a linguist with
substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified by
the American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
09/26/22
Date
Annex 12
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Annex 13
The Spanish State, Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, Ebebiyin Land Administration Ebebiyin
Land Demarcation (27 November 19[3]8)

TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
SPANISH
TERRITORIES OF
THE GUINEAN GOLF
EBEBIYIN LAND
ADMINISTRATION
EBEBEYIN LAND DEMARCATION
LIST OF WORK CARRIED OUT BY DETACHMENT
SINCE LAST MARCH.
“”””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””
PUBLIC WORKS
Bata – Ebebeyin Road.- Maintenance. Cleared 10 meters of forest on both sides of
the road. New ditches.
Two bridges were backfilled.
Three large wooden bridges.
Ebe. – Mongomo Road.- Maintenance. Wood construction of all the bridges except
the two biggest.
Road to French Gabon. Maintenance. New raft on Rio Kié.
Road [to] French Cameroon. Maintenance.
Mongomo – Asok Road.- Cleared a 20 meter width for about 14 kilometers, of which
8 kilometers is rough and flattened, without gravel.
COLONIAL GUARD CAMP
Ebebeyin Station.- A mud house for classes, plastered with clay and
whitewashed. Brick floor. Palm thatch roof. 18 Guard
houses of the same construction, with dirt floors.
Two mud adobe stoves for classes.
18 wood stoves for guards.
Jail building, made of mud plastered with clay and
whitewashed. Brick floor. Palm thatch roof.
SANITARY ZONE
Ebebeyin Hospital.- About 80 meters of wall made of rock and cement. 60
meters of cement ditches. 8 clay-brick houses plastered
with cement and cement floor. Palm thatch roof with
wooden frame, of which four are functional and the other
four are pending carpentry work.
INDIGENOUS SETTLEMENT
Ebebeyin Settlement.- Two clay-brick houses, pending carpentry work and roof.
Billabellan Settlement.- Palm thatch shed for cacao market.
Brick oven.- Approximate production, 50,000 bricks
URBAN ZONE
Ebebeyin Settlement.- Maintenance of streets and ditches. Cleaning of stateowned
lots.
TRIUMPHAL YEAR III — Ebebeyin, November 27, 1988
Annex 13
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WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016 (212) 776-1713
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CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Dawn Gable, a linguist with
substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified by
the American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
09/26/22
Date
Annex 13
270
Annex 13
271

Annex 14
Certification from Head of Archives of the General Government of the Spanish Territories on the
Gulf of Guinea of Frontiers Delimitation (27 December 1948) (excerpt)

TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS LB-SPA 1062_T
I, MR. JOSE A. MONTENEGRO GONZALEZ, Official of the Facultative Body of
Archivists, Librarians, and Archaeologists, Head of the Archives of the General
Government of the Spanish Territories on the Gulf of Guinea:
CERTIFY: That in the file on the delimitation of the Borders on the Continent, there are,
among others, the following documents that, due to their utmost importance, have been transcribed
literally below:
IMPERIAL GOVERNOR OF KAMERUN. Buea, April 30, 1906. No 5309/06. Some time ago, a
French-German commission had determined the delimitation of their respective territories at the
parallel of the Campo River 2°10’20” prior to the French-Spanish treaty which indicated the hinterland
meridian. The German commissioner, Captain Foerster, proposed the rectification of the borders as a
result of the latter to finally establish the border lines and would greatly appreciate the presence of a
Spanish representative from the Muni territory in that act. Captain Foerster believes that the works will
last approximately one month and proposes that they begin in December of this year, as it is the
month with the best conditions. I ask Your Excellency to tell me if it would be convenient for the
delegate who represents Muni to accompany Captain Foerster in his task. In this way, the delimitation
would be definitively established. The only thing I can inform Your Excellency about this matter is that
the entire month of December is sufficient for the total completion of the works, for which said Captain
Foerster will surely arrive from Berlin for that date with full powers. For this reason, I appeal to Your
Excellency to take my statement into the highest consideration MULLES [sic] “Signed” Acting Imperial
Governor of Kamerun. Your Excellency the Governor-General of the Spanish Territories of the Gulf of
Guinea, Santa Isabel (Fernando Póo).
This is a copy of the translation of the original.
To the Most Excellent Minister of State, July 2, 1906, No 401. The Most Excellent
Governor of the German Colony of Kamerun has communicated to me that, Captain Foerster having
been designated the German commissioner to rectify the boundaries made some time ago by a
French-German commission of the respective territories for the parallel of the Campo River prior to
the French-Spanish treaty that indicated the meridian of the hinterland, he would greatly appreciate
the presence of a Spanish representative in said act, informing me that the delimitation will last
approximately one month and that he has selected December of the current year to begin them, as
that is when there are the best conditions. I have the honor of communicating this to Your Excellency
for your greater knowledge and resolution. May God keep Your Excellency many years. Date. Original
Copy.
...To the Most Excellent Minister of State, on August 23,1906. The Senior Mining Assistant
Mr. Enrique D’Almonte y Muriel, commissioned by Your Excellency to take part in the drawing of the
border between the German colony of Kamerun and our Continental Territory, arrived on the mailsteamer
“San Francisco” which dropped anchor in the port of this capital on the 17th of this month. He
will be given as many resources as necessary for the best performance of his mission by this
Government and its dependencies. I have the honor of communicating this to Your Excellency as
acknowledgment of receipt of Royal Order No 362 of the Ministry under your honorable charge. May
God keep Your Excellency many years. -Original Copy.
Most Excellent Governor-General of Kamerun. Santa Isabel, August 24, 1906. Most Excellent
Sir. I have the honor of informing Your Excellency that, using the mail-steamer from
Annex 14
275
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS LB-SPA 1063_T
2.
Spain, the Commissioner Enrique D’Almonte, tasked by the Spanish Government to proceed with the
demarcation of the border between the Spanish and German possessions of Guinea, in coordination
with the commissioner Mr. Foerster, designated for the expressed purpose by the German
Government, has arrived. Mr. Enrique D’Almonte will leave at the first opportune occasion for the
Continent and will pass by the detachment located at the mouth of the Campo River. He will begin his
work on a hill near the small village of Yengue (Nyengwe) on which a German Commission station
was established that operated there in 1901. From the aforementioned hill, Mr. D’Almonte will start
measuring the border along the left bank of the Campo River on the section where said river is close
to the parallel that currently constitutes said border and will compare his measurements with the stone
and cement boundary marker erected at the eastern end of the island of Coureau. From said island,
Mr. D’Almonte will continue his work along the border determining the greatest number of details on
the terrain possible, until he passes the meridian 9° east of Paris, where continental Spanish Guinea
ends, returning subsequently using the same route he will have used on his way out or another that is
close to it and will allow for the increase in the amount of useful data for the aforementioned
demarcation. During his expedition, Mr. Enrique D’Almonte will come to know the whereabouts of Mr.
Foerster and will, as soon as it is possible, get in contact with him so that the two can meet to ensure
that no time is lost, so that the definitive works of the demarcation can be completed in accordance
with a plan agreed to by both Commissioners to obtain the highest precision and brevity possible in
the operations needed to execute the boundary and demarcation of the aforementioned border, thus
taking advantage of the works that have been performed separately by each of them before their
meeting. May God keep Your Excellency many years. Date. Original Copy.
Mr. Governor-General of Kamerun, on August 3, 1906. Outgoing No Date. Most Excellent Sir.
Expanding upon my communication dated the 24th of this month which gave an account of the arrival
of Mr. D’Almonte, commissioned by the Spanish Government to proceed with the demarcation of the
border between the German and Spanish possessions of Guinea, I have the honor of informing Your
Excellency that the prompt arrival of Mr. D’Almonte is in conformance with that which was agreed
upon between the Government of HM and the Ambassador of HM the Emperor of Germany, in
Madrid. At this time, I report to Your Excellency that the works of the aforementioned Mr. D’Almonte
will be nothing more than in preparation for what will later be performed together with the
commissioner for the German Government Mr. Foerster, as Mr. D’Almonte deemed the period of a
month which has been established to perform this work insufficient. The preparation work by the
Spanish Commission will be very useful when later conducting it definitively with Mr. Foerster, which
will enable it to be carried out more quickly. In order to ensure the meeting of both Commissioners,
Mr. D’Almonte will constantly deliver news of where he is located to the Head of the German
Detachment on the Campo River. As it is possible that Mr. D’Almonte may find it necessary to pass
into German territory, he would very much appreciate it if Your Excellency would communicate
instructions so that they do not put obstacles in his way and in advance, so the possible resources
may be provided by the Authorities of that colony. I use this opportunity to reiterate to Your Excellency
the assurances of my highest consideration. Diego Saavedra. Original Copy.
To the Most Excellent Minister of State on August 31, 1906. Outgoing No Date. Most Excellent
Sir. In response to the Royal Order from Your Excellency dated this past July 16 No 362
communicating that Mr. Enrique D’Almonte had been designated as the Senior Mining Assistant to
verify the works on the boundaries of the border between the German Colony of Kamerun and the
Continental Territory of Spanish Guinea, I have the honor of informing Your Excellency that Mr.
D’Almonte arrived in this colony on the 17th of this month and that timely orders have been sent to the
Sub-Government of Bata so that all necessary assistance can be provided...
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1907. Signed. Emilio Alonso. Illustrious Governor General of these Territories.
To the Minister of State on February 15, 1907. Most Excellent Sir. The Sub-Governor of Bata, in
official letter No. 36 dated the 12th of this month, tells me the following, (copied in the previous
paragraph), I have the honor of conveying this to your Excellency. I must tell you that I am highly
satisfied with the Mr. Alonso's management in Bata, and even when there is a difference between
what he states and the assertions of Mr. D’Almonte, I am more inclined to believe that the good
outcome of the expedition is due to the management of Mr. Alonso—which Mr. D’Almonte
undoubtedly recognizes—when the former asked the latter upon his return to call on Rokobongo not
to impede the passage of Captain Foerster. May God keep Your Excellency many years. Original
Copy. Angel Barrera.
The Most Excellent Governor General of Kamerun. Santa Isabel, February 25, 1907. Most Excellent
Sir, I have the honor to inform Your Excellency that today, aboard the mail-steamer, Mr. Enrique
D'Almonte, commissioner (Komissar) for the demarcation between Spanish Guinea and the colony of
Kamerun under your Excellency's command, has set forth for Spain. Mr. D'Almonte's health condition
does not allow him to extend his stay here. It is therefore unnecessary, for German commissioner
(Komissar) Mr. Foerster, to come to this Capital as this General Government requested of Your
Excellency in a previous communication. However, in order for the signing of the demarcation
protocol to take place as soon as possible, in view of the unavoidable circumstances, I pray that Your
Excellency will instruct the above-mentioned Mr. Foerster, to communicate notice of his residence, as
soon as he arrives in Europe, in a certified letter, to the following address: Spain. Escuela Especial de
Ingenieros de Minas [Special School for Mining Engineers]. Madrid, where Mr. Enrique D’Almonte
provides his services, who will immediately go to meet with Mr. Foerster to proceed to sign the stated
protocol. May God keep Your Excellency many years.
Translation of a letter from the Governor of Kamerun. Imperial Government of Kamerun. Buea,
November 29, 1907. No. 15933/904. I have the honor of notifying you, in reply to your letter of August
28, 1907, that the Commissioner of the Spanish-German Border Commission, Captain Oskar Forster,
belongs to the Artillery Regiment of Campaign No. 38 and currently lives in Berlin at Rankestrasse
No. 7 and Border Commission member, non-commissioned officer Ernst Faulborn belongs to the
Imperial Regiment of Sajoma No. [Illegible] 05 in Strasbourg (Alsace or Elssas). Currently he is in the
South of Garua as part of the Anglo-German Commission to set the borders between Jola and the
Cross rapids. I take this opportunity to reiterate to Your Excellency my highest consideration. The
Imperial Governor in Commission. Signed. Illegible. His Excellency Mr. Luis R. Izquierdo. Governor
General of the Spanish possessions in Africa. Santa Isabel (Fernando Póo).
So that you may know what to follow in your relations with the German authorities of the District of
Ukoko, I am pleased to inform you that while awaiting the Minister of State's resolution, his Excellency
the Imperial Governor of Kamerun and this General Government have agreed on the establishment of
a special status quo on the south and southeast borders of our territory with that of Kamerun. To
establish this status quo, we have started at the confluence of the Mitombe and Utamboni rivers, with
this confluence supposedly located in Spanish territory, that is, at 1° 0’14” 77N, 7° 37'39” 67 east of
Paris, without modifying any of the points located to the West of this confluence, which shall continue
as they have been until now. From the confluence of the Mitombe to the east, the villages located
south of parallel 1°N and east of parallel 11°20’ east of Greenwich on the accompanying map shall be
considered to belong to Germany territory, while not otherwise agreed. Those to the north and west of
this parallel and meridian, that is, as marked on the above-mentioned German map, shall be
considered as belonging to Spanish territory.
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The Germans agree not to occupy any of the places indicated on their map as located in Spanish
territory from the confluence of the Mitombe river to the east. We agree not to occupy any of those
identified as belonging to German territory nor to give appointments or flags to the Chiefs of the towns
shown in each one of the respective territories, nor to those residing on the border parallel, which we
shall consider neutral. This status quo considering Mitombe as located on the stated latitude is not
without prejudice to it really belonging to Spain, just as nothing shall prejudice that the points that we
use to maintain it, may really belong to one colony or another. This shall be decided on the day when
the borders are delimited by a German-Spanish Commission. And, by virtue of this agreement, each
will vacate the points that they have occupied, and will collect the appointments and flags that they
have given to the Chiefs of the towns located on the map to the East of the Mitombe in each of the
territories. At the same time, and while we are not occupying the borders, any German forces who
need to punish a person from their territory who, in order to escape punishment, takes refuge in ours,
may pursue them for one day's journey from the border line. One day's journey is understood to mean
that which can be walked from 6 in the morning to 6 in the afternoon at a pace of three kilometers per
hour with two hours rest, that is, 30 kilometers; likewise Spanish forces, in reciprocity, may pursue
equally in German territory to the south of the border latitude, those natives who enter German
territory in order to evade punishment for one day's journey, that is, 30 kilometers, into German
territory. Also, German forces stationed in the District of Ojem to the south of the Benito river who
need to travel to the district of Ukoko and operate among tribes who, to elude punishment, enter
Spanish territory, may pass through and operate against them in an area between the left bank of the
Benito river from the border meridian to the town of Ngon located in Spanish territory in the
accompanying map, south of 1°30'N, from the M'tobo river to the town of N'Korki passing through
Augoum, Omvan Aoulo, M'fona, Esok, N’sola, N’voma, Bindoum, N’kom, Ondong, N’andin, Azok, and
from the left bank of the Abanga river to Melak. In compensation, our forces will be able to pass
through and operate in the area of German territory situated to the south of the Benito from the left
bank of the river to the east of the border latitude to the town of Essa, following through Mengua,
N’sanonge, Mendung, Mendum, Oryonjo, Metsima, Mlbang, Elelem, the road marked on the map that
passes through Andun, Afia and Tutue to Boumintolo. The number of operations carried out by one
or the other force will be mutually accounted for, indicating the operations or passages that have been
confirmed and towns that have had to be crossed to pursue those inhabitants that are deserving of
punishment and have passed into the other territory to elude it. It must be kept in mind that military
posts to be established shall be done in reference to the attached map while borders have not been
delimited, without prejudice to points occupied according to the map belonging to the territory in which
they are situated. Therefore, they agree to withdraw from the occupied areas on the day that the
borders of the points are established in relation to that map if they prove to be in German territory,
and that the Germans shall do the same if the points prove to be located in Spanish territory in
accordance with this map. He will take good note of all this and will talk to the head of the Ukok
District who should have received instructions from the Imperial Governor of Kamerun, confirming
receipt of this letter and not failing to inform me of any incidents that may arise. It must always be kept
in mind that this agreement is a special status quo between the Governments of the two colonies
while the two Governments have not made a resolution. This has been informed to His Excellency the
Minister of State so that he may make any resolution as he deems appropriate. May God keep Your
Excellency many years. August 12, 1913. Signed. A.B. Mr. Sub-Governor of the District of Elobey.
Your Excellency. On the 13th of this month, I received the following radiogram from
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The Imperial Governor of Kamerun: "I learned with interest that Your Excellency is preparing great
expedition to the south-east of Spanish Muni. At the direction of the Chief Director of the German
border expedition, I feel it would be appropriate before your departure to discuss cooperation on our
common borders. It is my honor to ask you, if, for this purpose Mr. Olshansen's visit would be
appropriate [handwritten: on the day (illegible) Germany], Governor. Surprised by this radiogram,
because nothing could indicate that any expedition was being prepared and considering it useful to
hear the opinion of our colonial neighbors with regard to borders, I answered. (copy from the radio)…
and yesterday, the 15th, I received another that said “I confirm receipt of Your Excellency’s telegram,
which I appreciate. Minister Olshansen cannot leave tomorrow as an urgent job prevents him from
doing so. He will arrive there on the 25th of this month, if this date is suitable for you. And I
immediately replied, on the 25th I will have the satisfaction of receiving Olshansen's visit with the
highest esteem. Barrera. Governor, as I express above, I was surprised by the first radiogram surely
due to the news, as absurd as it is, that always circulates in the colony and that must have come from
Muni because days before receiving the radiogram from the Governor of Kamerun, a property owner
from Elobey said surely they thought to go, because the news that you were making great
preparations for entering by way of the southern border. We replied that there was nothing on the
subject, nor had the subject been discussed, and undoubtedly that news circulated there, have come
to Ukok (Cocobeach). The Chief of the German Border Commission must have become aware of
them and has addressed the Imperial Governor of Kamerun asking him to address mutual
cooperation on the borders. Already during my visit to Duala in the middle of the month prior to the
individual conversations I had with the Superior Authority of Kamerun, I seemed to see in him certain
interest in knowing whether I would go to the continent this year, and especially to survey the
southeastern part of the territory. Even during the visit with which I was honored on November 23 of
the previous year, as I said to this Ministry in letter no. 852, he wished to appear not to have great
interest in establishing borders, about which he spoke with Olshansen in Mesá on September 7, 8
and 9, as I also related in letters no. 724 and 784. There can be no doubt that his interest is, on the
day the borders are definitively set, to get a special piece of the Southeast angle, which almost
touches the Southern border of the neighboring German territories. Moving into this project, as I have
been able to deduce, to build a railway that goes from Corisco Bay to the Continent, it is convenient
for them to have enough land to achieve this construction without difficulties. I said nothing to his
questions in Duala that could compromise me, I only allowed them to see that the Government of
Madrid had a real interest in surveying Benito and the southern territory. I said that I had been
instructed but with the excess of work I had, I did not know if I would be able to do, this year, the
survey that my Government desired. It did not seem prudent to tell him that we did not intend to do
anything for now. And except if this Department considers otherwise, allow me to insist on the
advisability of carrying out said expedition, with all the more reason, since our neighbors are already
traveling the eastern and southern borders as I also informed this Ministry this year upon becoming
aware of the request of the Governor of Kamerun to give powers to the Scientific Commission that
was going to study the fauna and flora of the neighboring territories that border ours precisely in the
border areas. It is advisable to make an appearance there for our prestige and to avoid happening to
us what has been happening in the northern border. It is also advisable to delimit the borders soon in
order to avoid friction, which can arise in this delimited territory. I inform the Ministry of this in this
letter, upon transmitting a communication from the Acting Sub-Governor of Elobey, a more precise
delimitation than in a 1:1,000,000 scale map published by the French administration in 1911 on its
page IV of French Equatorial Africa. The French who have apparently located, of their own accord,
some points on the southern border of the territory [sic] placed the entire river N'vmy on which banks
Asobla is located south of parallel 1ºN. Therefore, if this is true, the town would belong to the
Germans today, and if the borders are not rectified as soon as possible, I repeat, this would lead us
again to constant
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friction in the south of our continental possessions; also, the northern border, the delimitation of
which is not set, should be rectified, I believe that everything that we consider our territory is shifted
[illegible] to the south. Also, to deal with our neighbors, it is advisable that we have some knowledge
of the land which we can negotiate, knowledge that they will have, since [illegible] pressured to survey
it immediately upon taking possession. Aside from this, it is necessary that we become familiar with
the points in favor of the occupations of Benito and the South of the territory, because today I must
rely solely on information from not very reliable maps, information which I had already sent to this
Ministry and the drafting of the maps are pending for more clarity on that which I propose. In addition
to this, since those territories came under our power, no more areas in Benito have been surveyed
than those few small parts I have surveyed, nor has there been any news of any part of our Southern
continental areas except Benbere, and I understand we will need to contact the natives, who live in
the most complete anarchy, and with no idea of any authority whatsoever, being the most rebellious
and least reasonable of all those in our territory. In view of all these reasons, I addressed to Your
Excellency the following cable yesterday. "Governor Kamerun believing I lead expedition South
territory, announce Advisor arrival address border cooperation; we are unfamiliar with South,
expedition necessary. Request immediate answer if authorized to carry out. Two months duration,
credit twenty thousand pesetas. Liberia has sent representative address Krumen arrival. Barrera.”
Upon requesting the credit, the amount requested is not excessive according to the attached
clarification; if Your Excellency deems that the expedition should be carried out, it would leave Bata in
early August to survey the rebellious tribes located between Bata and Benito by means of the route
[illegible] [handwritten: (illegible)]
and would continue on to search for the headwaters of the Utoche, going down from there via
Alarmintem heading toward the southern border that I would traverse in a zig zag to the Eastern
border. I would survey it to Benito, where I would descend to the south until reaching the Congui, and
continue down, following the land and the Congui and Utongo, leaving via the Muni to Elobey and
going up the coast to Bata, following the Ñame, Ytumbua, Ayi and N'dote, getting in contact with all
the tribes and extending to them our sovereignty.
The credit requested not only is not excessive, but should be increased to 25,000 pesetas if the
expedition is undertaken. Some 250 porters would need to be brought who, at a ration of one peseta
per day, come to 15,000 pesetas alone for two months. Added to this is pay for the leaders who will
be responsible for the groups, rations for the servants, the guards, payment of the guides and gifts to
the Chiefs in exchange for theirs. All of this would not be less than 2,500 to 3,000 PESETAS for two
months, which, added to the previous amounts, total 13,000 plus three or four thousand for meals for
we expedition members, six Europeans would go, the total expenses would amount to at least 22,000
pesetas, thus necessitating the 25,000 credit for any unforeseen issues that may arise. I have the
honor of informing Your Excellency of all of the above, in corroboration of the cablegram cited above,
and in the event that you deem it appropriate to order the conduct of the expedition. In this case, I
would leave the Head of the Colonial Guard or an agricultural engineer in charge of the Government
office while the Court Clerk comes from Spain. If you grant me the authorization that I seek, I would
humbly pray that Your Excellency order his immediate departure in order to be able to take care of the
office. May God keep Your Excellency many years. July 16, 1913. Signed. A.B. Stamped. The Most
Excellent Minister of State.
Translation of No. 1. Santa Isabel, July 26, 1913. Your Excellence. I have had the honor to explain the
reasons that make it appealing for the Imperial Government of Kamerun, to obtain greater freedom of
action on the Southern border and in the southeastern part of Spanish Muni, than that which currently
exists due to Spain's borders. I would like to repeat that the Imperial Government naturally respects
Spanish territory under all points of view and having found, for example, that the Nzork post was
taken by the French
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thinking in this case that it was on Spanish soil without any doubt, evacuated it on its own initiative.
But given that the entire part in question of the Spanish colony, especially the territory between the
Abanga and the Nelle, is militarily unoccupied, difficulties arise for the pacification of the bordering
part of Kamerun, due to strict observation of the Spanish border. Even when there are many allied
German army forces, inhabitants of that region escape (flee punishment), by always crossing to the
other side of the border, entering Spanish territory. Our troops, as well as merchants, who are very
spread out since the German Administration took charge of that part of the territory, must always
count on the natives who have entered Spanish territory, to come back in order to attack them. Thus,
it is clear that the great sacrifices that the Imperial Government makes for the pacification of those
regions, are to a great extent, in vain, as long as there are insufficient forces on the Spanish side to
prevent the passage of insubordinate natives and to operate in accordance with us. It would therefore
be quite desirable for the common interests, since the Spanish Administration is also undoubtedly
interested in pacification, to know whether: 1. Your Excellency would grant a droit de poursuite (right
of hot pursuit) in the sense that the military operations of our troops would not have to stop, in the
midst of or following a military action started on the German side in pursuit of the enemy, when
reaching the border. 2. You give general permission for our troops to operate as necessary in the
entire territory located between the Abenge and Nelle rivers. It would be understood, according to my
opinion, that where there are Spanish troops, they would be granted an analogous droit de poursuite
in German territory. Your Excellence, I would be very grateful if you wished to provide me your
opinion on this undertaking. If Your Excellence should need, in order to communicate a definitive
answer, the approval of your Government in Madrid, my Government would be very grateful if you
would grant, subject to said approval, advance permission to the above-mentioned end. I have the
honor sending your Excellence the assurances of my highest esteem. Signed. Mr. Olshausen.
stamped.
Santa Isabel, July 26, 1913. 472. Your Excellence: I have the honor of answering your kind letter from
today which condenses that which was addressed in our conference held yesterday afternoon about
mutual cooperation on our borders, that is, in the south and east of the Spanish territory.
Understanding that we must write down our individual opinions, stating them well, such that while both
our respective Governments reach an agreement, we may not just avoid friction between the two
colonies, which we must always keep at bay, but such that we may provide mutual assistance in such
issues which may be affected by said borders, I issue my personal opinion on this matter, hoping that
we can reach a kind of special status quo between the two colonies, while not occupying our
respective border territories and while our governments have not reached an agreement and a clear,
stable delimitation that merits the approval of our respective Governments. According to the wishes
that, through Your Excellency, have been expressed by His Excellency the Imperial Governor of the
German Protectorate of Kamerun, among the assistance that we should offer to each other is that of
ensuring that punishments merited by the towns that are currently considered to be on the border,
that are evaded by natives by crossing into Spanish territory, if the town that has taken actions that
deserve punishment are shown to belong to the districts of Ukoko and Ojem, or entering German
territory if they are listed as belonging to Spanish territory [sic]. Of course, my personal opinion,
except—naturally—as otherwise determined by my Government, is in accordance with desires of His
Excellency the Imperial Governor, through you, while both colonies are not permanently occupying
the places that today are shown as on the border, located to the south of the Benito or Wolo. This is
to say that in the event of needing to punish a resident who, coming from a town belonging to German
territory, enters Spanish territory to escape punishment, the German forces responsible for punishing
him can pursue him into Spanish territory for up to one day's journey from the border line, and vice
versa. This is provided that a person whose town is shown as belonging to Spanish territory, enters
German territory while fleeing to elude punishment, the Spanish forces that pursue
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him may enter into German territory to pursue him for one day's journey. One day's journey is
considered to be twelve hours, that is, the distance which can be walked from 6 in the morning to 6 in
the afternoon at a pace of three kilometers per hour with two hours rest, that is, a distance in each
territory of 30 kilometers. I also see no disadvantage, while our territory is not occupied, in allowing
German forces stationed in the district of Ojem south of the Benito or Wolo who need to travel to the
district of Ukoko and take action against tribes who flee from the German side, to pass through and
operate in the area between the left bank of the Benito or Wolo from the border meridian to the town
of N’gom, shown as located in Spanish territory on page 12 of the German map by Moisel dated April
1, 1912, south of 1°30’N, the Utobo river, to the town of N’Korki, passing through Angoum, Omvan,
Aoulo, M’toba, Edok, N’volan, Nvome, Bisidoum, Nkom, Oudong, Niamdin, Azok, and the left bank of
the Abanga river to Melark. This, provided that in reciprocity, it is agreed that Spanish forces may
pass through and operate in an area of German territory situated to the south of the Benito or Wolo,
shown on the same map, from the left bank of said river to the town of Essa, continuing then through
Mengüa, Nsamonge, Mendung, Mendum, Ongongo, Metsime, Mibang, Elelem, the road marked on
the map that passes through Andun, Afia and Tutue to Boumintolo. The above provided that
continuous accounting to me of the operations that we have completed and towns that we have had
to traverse to pursue those who have made themselves deserving of punishment and have fled into
neighboring territory. Now, I understand that, in order to reach this special status quo between the two
colonies, while our Governments have not reached an agreement, we ourselves must reach
agreement about an important point with regard to the towns that we should consider to be on the
border, starting from some baseline, and for this Governor General there is just one, which is as
follows. In 1901, a French-Spanish Commission established various points of the east and south
borders of Spanish territory. As far as I know—although they were not followed after the agreement of
the French and Spanish Governments—the coordinates of the points they chose, either due to their
relative locations or due to being near to indicated topographical features that could be easily
described, were calculated by both commissions and the average values adopted as suitable by both
commissions were:
M'botu Longitude 7°29'59.85” east of Paris and Latitude 0°59'20 [illegible]N
Ukododo “ 7°34'39.65” “ “ “ 0°58'15.82”
Confluence of the Mitombe 7°37'39.67” “ “ “ 1°0’14.77”
and the Utamboni
Asan or Assang “ 7°34'3.62” “ “ “ 0°59'23.84”
Efong “ 8°0’5.75” “ “ “ 0°59'35.11”
Akuas “ 8°55'24.45” “ “ “ 1°2'22.45”
Tula “ 8°58'12.37” “ “ “ 1°2'3.31”
Undong “ 9°1'51.30” “ “ “ 1°1'19.80”
Akoriqui “ 9°5'25.20” “ “ “ 1°25’31.22”
M'bominam “ 9°0'26.70” “ “ “ 1°46'54.95”
with the course of the Benito or Wolo river being indicated on the above-mentioned German map
between the latter two. Some more points were established by the Spanish Commission, but were not
taken into account for the demarcation which was done at that time, as they had not been verified by
the French Commission, and it was accompanied by a brief map (I'd say a sketch), nothing more, at a
1:1,000,000 scale, which shows the points whose coordinates were then calculated. Using this as a
baseline, I believe you should use the point established above as the confluence of the Mitombe and
the Utamboni, and consider border points to the east of this location, as shown on the German map
referred to above, that we provisionally accept—while no real delimitation of borders between
Germany and Spain is reached—that the towns located on said map to the south and east of parallel
1°N and 11°20' east of Greenwich (assuming that this is the meridian to which the mentioned map
refers) belong to German territory. Also accepting as belonging to Spanish territory those located to
the north and west of the above-mentioned parallel and meridian, (i.e., those marked as the border on
the so often mentioned German map), agreeing not to occupy any point of those recorded on the map
as belonging to the neighboring Colony, and agreeing not to give appointments or flags to the Chiefs
of the towns in each one of the
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respective territories, nor those shown as located on precisely the border parallel and meridian, which
we shall consider neutral. That this individual agreement considers Mitombe to be located on the
above-mentioned latitude, is without prejudice to it really belonging to Spanish territory, just as
nothing shall prejudice that the points that we use to maintain this special status quo may really
belong to one Colony or the other. This shall be decided on the day when the borders are delimited by
a German-Spanish Commission, de-occupying, as is logical, the points that are currently occupied
from Mitombe to the east and withdrawing any appointments and flags that have been given to the
Chiefs of the towns shown on the map. Today, the French-German Commission may establish some
of these points and yet, when the observations of those commissions merit our absolute confidence, I
think that while a German-Spanish Commission has not yet rectified them, we must maintain this
special status quo and consider the above-mentioned map as a baseline. Therefore, military posts
that we establish shall be done in reference to said map, without, I repeat, prejudicing anything. And,
on the day when the boundaries are delimited, we must withdraw if they prove to be in German
territory or the Germans must withdraw if these are established in Spanish territory. I believe that in
this way we will avoid any possibility of friction while no final delimitation and effective occupation has
been decided. In the case of the latter, which will surely be done first, we each will be able to cease
operations in the neighboring territory so that if applicable, each can prevent the passage of
individuals who flee from one territory to another. Your Excellency submitted a case for my
consideration and it was to prevent the establishment of tribes from one territory in the other. This will
always be difficult because the tribes do not occupy a set area, but are very divided and mixed. The
only thing that will need to be agreed upon will be the movement of people by setting a term of not
less than one year for those people to pick one territory or the other. As always, I have the honor of
offering Your Excellency my highest consideration, your attentive and trusted servant. A.B. stamped.
Governor General. To Your Excellency, Dr. Franz Olshausen.
Most Excellent Sir, in reply to my letter no. 530, dated the 16th of this month, in which you confirmed
the cablegram dated the 12th of the same month that I sent to Your Excellency as a result of a
radiogram received from the Imperial Governor of Kamerun about mutual cooperation on borders, to
discuss the arrival of Cabinet Minister of the protectorate, Dr. Franz Olshausen. I have the honor of
making you aware that the above-mentioned Minister arrived in this port at 11 o’clock in the morning
on the 25th aboard the Government steamer "Nagllical,” disembarking at 2 in the afternoon. I sent Mr.
Drumen to greet him on my behalf, offering him the honors corresponding to his representation.
[illegible line of text]
a meeting in Akonga with the Pamues tribe, having had another encounter somewhat earlier, with the
aggressors taking refuge in Spanish territory, stopping the German who did not wish to violate the
borders in any way. I asked myself whether we could take some action, in the southern part of the
territory, which would contribute, with their action, in pacifying those places for the purposes of trade,
which, since the occupation of the territories ceded by France to Germany, has begun to expand
significantly. He added that the only map that existed, the German one (a copy of which I attach),
which is surely taken from some old map, had a multitude of errors of which I could see among many
others, that the town of Melark, shown on the map to the south of the German-Spanish border, has
been found to be south of the French-German [border] and that the French had occupied the point of
N'zork that is shown in Spanish territory on the map, since it was given to them by the French. But
since they believed that it was in Spanish territory, they gave the order to evacuate it, even though
they don't know whether this has been done, because, given the difficulty of communications today,
they do not know if the order has reached N'zork. Finally, he indicated that all their efforts and
expenses that they had confirmed are lost or do not have the outcome that they should, because we
had no Administration in any part of the interior. And, as they had many forces in the district of Ojem
(east of our territory) and in Ukoko and needing
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18.
to send forces from the former to the latter, since we had no Administration that could authorize their
passage through the southeastern corner of our territory and operate there to pursue the Pamues
natives who seek refuge to the north and west of the border in order to evade punishment. Or that,
conversely, we may prevent the passage, from their territory into ours, of those people who, having
attacked German forces, may attempt to cross over to our side. I listened to him attentively and I
replied that of course the Government of Madrid was concerned with occupying the territory, and that
I, on my part, would see no inconvenience in pursuing those who, to evade the punishment that they
merited, had entered our territory. But to do so, I needed correct and reliable data about said people
and places where they could have taken refuge, it being somewhat risky to pursue them without this
information, given how mixed up the various Pamues tribes are, and people who had never left
Spanish territory could be punished. It is clear, upon saying all this, that I did so aware that we could
do nothing there as we had no resources of any nature, of which our Colonial neighbors are perfectly
aware. We discussed these issues extensively throughout the entire afternoon and I refused to
recognize as acceptable the border locations that the French-German Commission, or the Germans
alone, might set with their observations. I made him understand that even when said observations
were, for me, completely trustworthy, while there were no Spanish Commission members present to
verify the delimited borders along with other German members, I could not accept any boundaries
that they established. Convinced that today they are surely operating in our southern territory and in
pursuit of the natives, as they have been doing in the northern territory, and that what they were
seeking was some way of legalizing this anomalous situation, and that there must be one while we
are not occupying the country, after much discussion, I proposed to him a status quo while we have
not reached an agreement on occupation and the delimitation of borders. As we had no other map
than the German one, I proposed that we use it as a basis for maintaining the status quo, considering
those marked therein as the borders, and with each [Colony] being able to pursue into the other's
territory for one day's journey, those who pass from one territory into the other to elude punishment;
and that the Germans could pass through and operate in the southeast corner of our territory, as
could we in an equal area of their territory. However, disregarding Asobla and the Nvmy river which is
shown on the German map as completely located in German territory, because the French show it
this way on all their maps, and considering the confluence of the Mitombe and the Utamboni rivers as
Spanish territory, following the observations of the French-Spanish Commission, which in 1901
assisted in the surrender to us of the territory called Muni. These observations were taken from the
conference given by the Royal Geographic Society on January 28, 1902 by the Chief of Staff Captain
Manuel Nieves Caso, published in volume XLIV of the Gazette of the above society, of this year.
Olshausen believed that we should address this separately as it was only about the persecution of the
tribes, but I made him see that these were two topics closely linked to one another and that it was
necessary to start from some baseline to be able to know the starting point of the day's journey for
which we could mutually pursue people who attempted to elude punishment, and I succeeded in
convincing him. He also addressed the advisability of preventing passage of tribes from one territory
to the other in order to establish themselves and I made him see how difficult that was because the
tribes did not occupy a certain area but instead, in advancing toward the coast, they were very spread
out and intermixed. The only thing that could be prohibited on the day when borders are delimited,
was the passage of people, giving a period of at least one year for them to pick one territory or the
other. We agreed that he would make his proposals to me in writing and that I would reply to him
about what we had discussed. I invited him to dine with me at night at one of the meetings of the
Authorities, and on the morning of the 26th we met again, with him giving me the letter translated as
no. 1, which I answered with the letter attached hereto in copy as no. 2, with the sketch I refer to
therein that the one included in the above-mentioned conference by Mr. Manuel Nieves, and attaching
as no. 3, for your Department's ease of understanding, a copy of the German map I reference, which
has been kindly lent to Mr. Fernando Loring. The solution I have sought to find to the issue presented
to me by the Germans,
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seemed to me be the only feasible option, because with our Administration only at some point along
the coast, our opposition to them doing what they wish to do and surely are doing, would give rise to
them demanding our immediate occupation and we have neither the sufficient forces nor resources to
do so. Today our neighbors have perfectly surveyed the areas around our borders and even further to
the interior, and they know what is in our territory. And in order for us to have an idea of what we have
to the south of the Benito between the meridian of Asobla and the meridian which constitutes the
eastern border, is what I had Your Excellency's permission to do, to traverse the Benito and that
entire area, taking advantage of the dry season, which facilitates progress, making fording the rivers
less difficult and decreasing the probabilities of diseases. And being a long trip, at least two months'
duration, it would have been advisable to undertake it at the latest in early August, because there will
be no obstacles if Your Excellency agrees that I should undertake the proposed expedition. Even in a
poor season, I will always gladly carry out the expedition as I understand that in doing so I provide a
service to my country. Today I received a radiogram from the Imperial Governor, the translation of
which is attached in copy as no. 4, expressing complete agreement with the status quo I proposed,
having seen its proposals. I have the honor of informing you of all the foregoing, in case you should
see fit to approve my conduct in that which was addressed with Dr. Franz Olshausen, representative
of the Imperial Governor of Kamerun. May God keep Your Excellency many years. July 26, 1913.
Signed. A.B. stamped. The Most Excellent Minister of State.
There is a circular letterhead that says: German Imperial Governor of Kamerun. [G.B.I.] No. 2331/13.
Buea, August 6, 1913, Your Excellency: It is my honor to confirm the contents of my telegram of the
31st of the past month, as follows: "I cordially thank Your Excellency for your welcoming manner in
the negotiations with Legation Minister Olshausen. I declare myself completely in agreement with the
contents of your letter No. 472, addressed to my above plenipotentiary and I pray that you consider
the individual status quo of Your Excellency to be in effect, starting in today. In my next letter I will
present the communiqués to my Kingdom. In addition, I shall instruct the Chief of Troops and
Authorities on our border and will order them to firmly respect Spanish interests, in the performance of
their duties. Humbly requesting from Your Excellency the appropriate orders, I give the corresponding
instructions to the Authorities subordinate to you, I send the assurances of my highest esteem, your
most devoted Ebermaier. Governor." Regarding which I received today Your Excellency's response,
as a result of which, I attach here two copies of page 12 of the Moisel map 1:300,000. I repeat that I
am completely in agreement with the contents of Your Excellency's letter no. 432 of July 26 of this
year, addressed to my member of Parliament [sic]. As already expressed in my telegram, I will issue
the appropriate orders to the troops and authorities, to comply with our agreements. If any honorific
signs or appointments of chieftains have been carried out in areas that, according to the map, belong
to the Spanish territory, said documents (certificates) will be annulled. As regards the exercise of the
droit de poursuite up to 30 kilometers in from the border and the freedom to operate in the
southeastern part of the Spanish Possession, I will take care, whenever it is possible to do so, to
inform the closest Spanish authorities in advance and especially a detailed list of the places that may
be located in Spanish Territory and through which our troops are likely to pass. I may assume that
Your Excellency will agree to this and, in the exercise of reciprocity, will give the corresponding
instructions to your troops and authorities for any operation. The agreements made will serve, as
firmly believe, to pacify the territories located on both sides of our border and will promote their
openness to trade and, mainly, to their economic development in general, for the good of both
Colonies. In this hope, I implore your Excellence to accept the repeated assurances of my highest
esteem and I have the honor of being your Your Excellency's attentive servant. Signed. Ebermaier,
Imperial Governor. The Governor General of the Spanish possessions on the Gulf of Guinea. Santa
Isabel.
August 30, 1913. No. 2. There is a stamp that says General Government of the Spanish
Territories on the Gulf of Guinea. General Registry. Outgoing..
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Date
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Annex 15
Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, Bulletin No. 2 (1955)

TRANSLATION
[truncated] scope and power in the areas surrounding Port Mbanda. Likewise, he sought a naval tender in
order to place a second light on the ridge inside the city of Bata which, together with the first light to be
placed at the end of the jetty, would act as a lead line for entering and searching. As there are presently no
means with which to locate an anchorage, the adjutant for public works was apprised of the convenience in
making the gunboat “Canovas del Castillo” the one tasked with finding new anchorages in the port of Bata. It
is necessary to note that the naval adjutancy lacks any official information regarding this matter.
B). Mbana islet. During the visit to this small island, we determined that a detachment of the colonial guard
exists there. By way of the Kogo territorial administrator, we are aware of the steps taken in order to
compensate the French for the expense incurred in the construction of the beacon with the light apparatus,
all of which cost some 800,000 francs. The territorial administrator has had frequent conversations with
various French authorities. This maritime administration highlights that we have not received any official
information regarding this matter at any time. Except for the command’s most lofty guidelines, such would
fall within our functions, first due to the situation of these lands being totally situated at sea and within our
jurisdiction, and second because of the quality of the construction, and the astronomical point or beacon, or
both at the same time, insofar as they concern our competency in technical matters.
Thus, we presently are without any news as to the hydrographic endeavors that the French
hydrographic ship has undertaken or plans to undertake, even though we have heard about all of this
informally through the territorial administration in Kogo.
C). Sunken ships. The extraction of the [truncated] from Fernando Poo in Bata Bay has been granted to
Mr. Mari Colom [truncated]. The pertinent measures in that regard are adopted.
SECOND
(External information)
[illegible stamp]
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with substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified
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Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
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and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
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Date
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Annex 16
Letter No. 907/AL from the Minister of Foreign Affairs to the Minister of Overseas France
(13 May 1955)

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307
TRANSLATION
MAE/62Q0/9 Sub-[illegible]
LM/AR
(stamp: S]
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
POLITICAL AFFAIRS
Directorate of Africa and the Levant
Sub-directorate of Africa
No. 907 /AL
RE: "Cocotier" islet
incidents
Ref. your letter No. 515
of May 6, 1955, my letter
No. 849 of May 5, 1955
ESP-6-1
(stamp: MAY 13, 1955)
THE MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
to
THE MINISTER OF OVERSEAS FRANCE
My referenced letter informed you of my Department's opinion
on the possible nationality of "Cocotier" islet. Since the texts do not
attribute the shoal of islands, the largest of which is "Baynia," to either
France or Spain, and since the Spanish have occupied Baynia island
more or less permanently since 1900, our legal position to contest the
possession of "Cocotier" island with Spain lacks basis.
Under these conditions, it appears to me that, unless you advise
otherwise, our interest is to
.. ./ ...
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MAE/62Q0/9 Sub-[illegible]
(cut-off text] -53
- 2 -
implicitly accept the Spanish version, which consists of allowing the
construction to be completed, and the Government of Madrid would
reimburse the costs./.
(stamp: Signed: NEGRE]
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as certified by the American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
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and unbiased translation into English of the French text attached herewith."
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Date

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Annex 17
French Subdivision of Maritime Beaconing, Bulletin to Advise Sailors (4 July 1955)

TRANSLATION
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[handwritten:] B.T.M
LIGHTHOUSES AND BEACONS BULLETIN
TO ADVISE SAILORS
Department --------------- [handwritten:] 626
[stamp:] This bulletin must be given to the Director
SUBDIVISION of the Lighthouses and Beacons Service
of MARITIME BEACONING 43, Avenue du Président-Wilson – PARIS (16th)
of the A.E.F. Telephone: KLE: 83 04 – Telegraph address: DIPHARBAL-PARIS
-------------
IMPORTANT RECOMMENDATIONS. – 1) Remember that a bulletin must be sent out for any permanent or temporary change
to the status of maritime signaling (lighthouses, lighted or non-lighted buoys, lighted towers, beacons, daymarks, sound signals, radio
beacons, etc.).
The same is true for any accidental obstacle that it would be helpful to make known to Navigation.
When the change is voluntary, a preparatory bulletin must be sent at least 1 month in advance. Another bulletin must be sent
when the planned change is completed.
Also remember that, if safety at sea is compromised (accidental outages and changes of lights, accidental interruptions and
changes to the functioning of a radio beacon or sound signal, lightboats or lighted buoys being extinguished or leaving harbor, etc.),
before a bulletin is sent out, an AVURNAV (urgent navigation warning) must be transmitted by telephone to the nearest wireless telegraph
maritime radio station and by sending a telegram to DIPHARBAL PARIS, and, in some military ports, by transmitting an AVURNAV to the
Maritime Prefecture.
2) The person who drafts the bulletin must precisely fill out the box for the type of installation that is the subject of the bulletin.
The information requested is particularly indispensable when it is a matter of a new installation or when the changes that were planned
or completed are significant and change the status of lighting and beaconing.
3) Bulletins must be sent as quickly as possible to all levels.
EVENTS TO REPORT
Corisco Bay – Cocotiers Beacon
1) – Placement of a black conical topmark at the tip of the beacon –
2) – Change to the coloring of the beacon
3) – As Spanish sovereignty over Cocotiers island has been recognized by the French High Officials, the
Cocotiers beacon located in Spanish territory is Spanish
Date of the event reported: June 10, 1955
Probably date of return to normal: Situation normal
Date on which the AVURNAV was sent: June 11, 1955
Observations:
INFORMATION ABOUT THE INSTALLATION IN QUESTION
----------------------
I. – LIGHTHOUSES OR LIGHTS ON FIXED SUPPORTS
LIGHTBOATS
Name and location:
Number:
(taken from the most recent State of Lighting or the Hydrographic Service Book of Lights).
Geographical coordinates:
(for a new installation, also indicate the position by azimuth and distance relative to an easily identifiable point of
reference to be identified on marine maps and attach an excerpt of the map.)
Characteristics of the light (coloring, rhythm, sectors, etc.):
Composition of the light source:
Composition of the lighting device (type, focal distance, etc.):
Composition of the backup equipment:
Description of the support:
Height of the focal plane above ground level:
above the high seas:
Light intensity of the light (optional):
Visibility range of the light for 50% and 90% of the year (optional):
Method of keeping the light: cont.
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II. – BUOYS
Name and location:
Number:
(taken from the most recent State of Lighting or the Hydrographic Service Book of Lights).
Geographical coordinates:
(for a new buoy, also indicate the position by azimuth and distance relative to an easily identifiable point of
reference to be identified on marine maps and attach an excerpt of the map; for a buoy marking a wreck, indicate
the position by azimuth and distance relative to the wreck)
Type of buoy:
Water depth at the anchorage, below hydrographic zero:
Color of the buoy:
Description, height, and color of the topmark:
Height of the summit of the topmark or the highest portion of the buoy above the water:
Character of the light:
For lighted buoys Focal distance of the lens:
Height of the focal plane above the water:
For radar buoys, indicate whether there are radar reflectors and give a summary description:
III. – BEACONS – TOWERS – DAYMARKS
Name and location: “Cocotiers” – On the Island, Spanish, Cocotiers –
Number:
(taken from the most recent State of Lighting). 3000 m. within 98º of the end East of M’Banié
00º48’2 N - 9º25’4 E (Gr.)
Geographical coordinates:
(for a new marker, also indicate the position by azimuth and distance relative to an easily identifiable point of
reference to be identified on marine maps and attach an excerpt of the map).
Description: Pyramidal masonry tower, cross-shaped cross section with platform
Coloration: Lower two-thirds white, upper third black
Description, height, coloring of the topmark: Conical black topmark
Height of the summit of the topmark or the highest portion of the mark above the ground and above the high seas: 17
meters
IV. – SOUND SIGNALS
Name and location:
Number:
(taken from the most recent State of Lighting or the Hydrographic Service Book of Lights).
Geographical coordinates:
Nature of the sound signal:
Rhythm of the transmissions:
V. – RADIO BEACONS
Name and location:
Number:
(taken from the most recent State of Lighting or Radio Beacons or the Hydrographic Service Book of Radio Signals).
Geographical coordinates:
Code: Wavelength:
Wave type: Modulation frequency:
Wave frequency: Range (in nautical miles):
Rhythm of transmissions:
……………, on …………… 19….. ……………, on [stamp:] 4 JUL 1955 19……... …………, on …. ……………. 19 ……….
Subdivision Engineer: District Engineer Head Engineer
[stamp:] [stamp:]
Head of the Subdivision 4 JUL 1955
of MARITIME BEACONING
of the A.E.F.
[signature]
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Annex 17
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Annex 18
Aide-Mémoire No. 207 from Guyot Navy to the Governor of Spanish Territories of the Gulf of
Guinea (6 September 1955)

TRANSLATION
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MEMORANDUM
1. In letter No. 2,068 dated 6/13/1955, addressed to the Governor-General of
Spanish Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, the High Commissioner of the French
Republic presented the following proposal:
“The Commission will meet with your technical service to lay the
groundwork for an agreement with respect to the placement of lighted markers,
and the preparation and use of the Bay waters in the parts where the drafts concern
Spanish and international territorial waters.”
2. This proposal was approved by the Governor-General of Spanish
Territories of the Gulf of Guinea, designating the following individuals as
representatives of Spain:
MR. FERNANDO SUANCES DE VIÑAS, Lieutenant Commander,
Commander of the “CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO” Gunboat.
MR. JUAN SERRANO PIZARRO, Lieutenant,
Maritime Administrator of Rio Benito.
3. According to letter 1,460 A.P.3, dated July 20, from the High Commissioner
in A.E.F. to the Governor-General of Santa Isabel, the following individuals were
designated as representatives of France:
Mr. GUYOT, Frigate Captain, Commander of the “BEAUTEMPSBEAUPRE.”
Mr. MANNEVY, Engineer/ Hydrographer
Mr. LABOUR, Head of the Maritime Buoy Placement Unit.
4. The interview has been scheduled for September 15, 1955, near the
BAYNIA buoy in CORISCO Bay.
5. The June 27, 1900 Convention between the Spanish and French
Governments provided for these meetings, and we believe that the points to be
discussed at the proposed meeting are the following:
1. Regulation of the French and Spanish territorial waters.
2. Placement of buoys and lighted markers of Rio Mondah in the relevant
sections of Spanish waters.
1. REGULATION OF TERRITORIAL WATERS
The June 27, 1900 Convention formally recognizes Spanish possession of
the islands of CORISCO, ELOBEY and ANNOBON, and does not mention any of
the islets located to the south of Corisco.
ABOARD, CORISCO bay
September 6
1955
“CANOVAS DEL CASTILLO”
NATIONAL NAVY
NAVY IN CENTRAL AFRICA
“BEAUTEMPS BEAUPRE” Notice
No. 207
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-2-
However, BAYNIA, the main islet of this group, is included within the six
nautical miles that limit the Spanish territorial waters. It is therefore indisputable
that the CONGA and COCOTERO islets are part of the same rocky system and
thus cannot be separated from BAYNIA island.
Furthermore, these islets are traditionally occupied and visited by Spanish
natives. For all of these reasons, the French side has acknowledged in the
correspondence regarding the COCOTEROS islet buoy that this buoy was Spanish
property.
- The Spanish side has agreed that Spain would reimburse France for the
cost of the construction of this buoy.
- It has been agreed that the payment of this reimbursement will be made
directly between the Authorities of PORT IRADIER and COCOBEACH.
For all of these reasons, we must also consider that the limit of the Spanish
territorial waters of CORISCO Island is marked by the boundary formed by the
emerged lands of the CONGA-BAYNIA-COCOTERO group.
With respect to our current meeting, we note that the access routes to the
north of the MUNY and MONDAH rivers, between CORISCO island to the west,
the coast of Spanish Guinea to the north, and the ELOBEY islands to the east, are
within Spanish territorial waters.
Although Article 5 of the convention of June 27, 1900, explicitly regulates
the case of the MUNY river, it does not mention the MONDAH river, which likely
had not been exploited at that time. This article states:
“The French ships shall have access by sea to the MUNY river in Spanish
waters and will enjoy the same benefits as the Spanish ships, /and/ with reciprocity
for the Spanish ships in French territorial waters. Navigation and fishing shall be
free for French and Spanish subjects in the MUNY and UTEMBONY rivers.”
We propose that these regulations be unconditionally extended to the
mouth of Rio MONDAH, specifying in our draft agreement that:
"the provisions of Article 5 are extended to Rio MONDAH."
_____
2. PLACEMENT OF RIO MONDAH BUOYS AND LIGHTED MARKERS
At present, French ships en route to Rio MONDAH benefit from the Spanish
markers installed with a view to the entrance of Rio MUNY, and in particular:
a) the Cabo San Juan lighthouse.
b) the auxiliary lights of CORISCO and ELOBEY.
Further south, French buoyage services have placed a number of buoys in
French territorial and international waters.
The complete depth study that the "Beautemps-Beaupré" is finalizing will
facilitate the correct placement of this buoyage and its enhancement, by outfitting
it with lighted buoys.
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-3-
The soundings taken by the “Beautemps-Beaupré” show the presence of two
channels to the south of the island of CORISCO.
- One is located north of the line of the CONGA-BAYNIA-COCOTERO islets, with
an average depth of 7 m, except at a point located in its middle section, where the
depth is 4 and a half m. This doesn’t improve any of the current routes, except for
smaller boats, as it requires extensive buoying, and thus does not appear to be
used.
- The second channel flows to the south of the same group of islets and its depth
extends seven meters along its entire length. This channel is located entirely in
French territorial waters (in the vicinity of Cape ESTEIRAS and Rio MONDAH
proper) or international waters in the part closest to the line of islets.
Its lighted markers and buoyage require the COCOTERO islet buoy, which is
also essential for marking access from the north. It is therefore necessary to install a
light on this buoy. Other markers are already placed (ESTEIRAS-AKANDA) or will be
installed in French or international territorial waters; and France, as the main
usufructuary, will be responsible for their installation and maintenance, as it is currently
doing with the BAYNIA "A" and "C" buoys.
Thus, all that remains is to explore an agreement for the COCOTERO's lighted marker:
- its characteristics;
- its fuel (dissolved acetylene or propane)
- its supply of spare parts,
in order to identify the safest solution.
France is clearly the main user of these channels located south of the Bay.
France has organized a maritime buoyage section in Libreville for the maintenance and
care of the existing buoyage, which will be further increased. For this reason, it has a
clear interest in the installation of French-style lighting equipment (convenience of
supply and spare parts). For all of the above reasons, we propose that the lighting
equipment be installed and serviced by France. The payment of the accrued expenses
could, if Spain so wishes, be reimbursed to the French government.
Frigate Captain GUYOT
Commanding the “BEAUTEMPS-BEAUPRÉ”
hydrographic ship
Signed: GUYOT.
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WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
􀀉􀀈􀀁􀀔􀀢􀀲􀀳􀀁􀀋􀀎􀀳􀀩􀀁􀀞􀀳􀀱􀀦􀀦􀀳􀀄􀀁􀀉􀀊􀀳􀀩􀀁􀀕􀀬􀀯􀀯􀀱
􀀜􀀦􀀵􀀁􀀡􀀯􀀱􀀫􀀄 􀀜􀀡 􀀉􀀈􀀈􀀉􀀌 􀀂􀀊􀀉􀀊􀀃 􀀍􀀍􀀌􀀅􀀉􀀍􀀉􀀋
􀀵􀀵􀀵􀀆􀀵􀀢􀀳􀀦􀀱􀀲􀀳􀀱􀀦􀀦􀀳􀀳􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀲􀀆􀀤􀀯􀀭 􀀪􀀮􀀧􀀯􀀐􀀵􀀢􀀳􀀦􀀱􀀲􀀳􀀱􀀦􀀦􀀳􀀳􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀲􀀆􀀤􀀯􀀭
􀀃􀀄􀀊􀀌􀀆􀀅􀀆􀀃􀀂􀀌􀀆􀀉􀀈􀀁􀀉􀀅􀀁􀀂􀀃􀀃􀀍􀀊􀀂􀀃􀀎􀀁􀀉􀀅􀀁􀀌􀀊􀀂􀀈􀀋􀀇􀀂􀀌􀀆􀀉􀀈
􀀟􀀩􀀪􀀲􀀁􀀩􀀦􀀱􀀦􀀣􀀷􀀁􀀤􀀯􀀮􀀧􀀪􀀱􀀭􀀲􀀁 􀀳􀀩􀀢􀀳􀀁􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁􀀧􀀯􀀱􀀦􀀨􀀯􀀪􀀮􀀨􀀁 􀀳􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀁 􀀵􀀢􀀲􀀁􀀰􀀱􀀦􀀰􀀢􀀱􀀦􀀥􀀁􀀣􀀷􀀁􀀘􀀢􀀭􀀪􀀦􀀁􀀛􀀴􀀬􀀬􀀪􀀮􀀄􀀁􀀢􀀁􀀬􀀪􀀮􀀨􀀴􀀪􀀲􀀳􀀁􀀵􀀪􀀳􀀩􀀁
􀀲􀀴􀀣􀀲􀀳􀀢􀀮􀀳􀀪􀀢􀀬􀀁 􀀁 􀀦􀀶􀀰􀀦􀀱􀀪􀀦􀀮􀀤􀀦􀀁 􀀁 􀀪􀀮􀀁 􀀁 􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁 􀀁 􀀳􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀁 􀀁 􀀯􀀧􀀁 􀀁 􀀥􀀯􀀤􀀴􀀭􀀦􀀮􀀳􀀲􀀁 􀀁 􀀧􀀱􀀯􀀭􀀁 􀀁 􀀞􀀰􀀢􀀮􀀪􀀲􀀩􀀁 􀀁 􀀪􀀮􀀳􀀯􀀁 􀀁 􀀔􀀮􀀨􀀬􀀪􀀲􀀩􀀁 􀀁 􀀢􀀲􀀁
􀀤􀀦􀀱􀀳􀀪􀀧􀀪􀀦􀀥􀀁􀀣􀀷􀀁􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁􀀑􀀭􀀦􀀱􀀪􀀤􀀢􀀮􀀁􀀟􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀯􀀱􀀲 􀀑􀀲􀀲􀀯􀀤􀀪􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀆
􀀙􀀦􀀮􀀳􀀁􀀖􀀆􀀁􀀗􀀦􀀪􀀮􀀦􀀄􀀁􀀛􀀢􀀮􀀢􀀨􀀪􀀮􀀨􀀁􀀝􀀢􀀱􀀳􀀮􀀦􀀱􀀁􀀯􀀧􀀁􀀠􀀢􀀳􀀦􀀱􀀁􀀞􀀳􀀱􀀦􀀦􀀳􀀁􀀟􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀲􀀄􀀁􀀚􀀚􀀒􀀄􀀁􀀩􀀦􀀱􀀦􀀣􀀷􀀁􀀢􀀳􀀳􀀦􀀲􀀳􀀲􀀁􀀳􀀯􀀁􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁
􀀧􀀯􀀬􀀬􀀯􀀵􀀪􀀮􀀨􀀏
􀀸􀀟􀀯􀀁􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁􀀣􀀦􀀲􀀳􀀁􀀯􀀧􀀁􀀭􀀷􀀁􀀫􀀮􀀯􀀵􀀬􀀦􀀥􀀨􀀦􀀁􀀢􀀮􀀥􀀁􀀣􀀦􀀬􀀪􀀦􀀧􀀄􀀁􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁􀀧􀀯􀀱􀀦􀀨􀀯􀀪􀀮􀀨􀀁􀀳􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀁􀀪􀀲􀀁􀀢􀀁􀀳􀀱􀀴􀀦􀀄􀀁􀀢􀀤􀀤􀀴􀀱􀀢􀀳􀀦􀀄􀀁
􀀢􀀮􀀥􀀁􀀴􀀮􀀣􀀪􀀢􀀲􀀦􀀥􀀁􀀳􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀁􀀪􀀮􀀳􀀯􀀁􀀔􀀮􀀨􀀬􀀪􀀲􀀩􀀁􀀯􀀧􀀁􀀳􀀩􀀦􀀁􀀞􀀰􀀢􀀮􀀪􀀲􀀩􀀁􀀳􀀦􀀶􀀳􀀁􀀢􀀳􀀳􀀢􀀤􀀩􀀦􀀥􀀁􀀩􀀦􀀱􀀦􀀵􀀪􀀳􀀩􀀆􀀹
􀀙􀀦􀀮􀀳􀀁􀀖􀀆 􀀗􀀦􀀪􀀮􀀦
􀀠􀀢􀀳􀀦􀀱􀀁􀀞􀀳􀀱􀀦􀀦􀀳􀀁􀀟􀀱􀀢􀀮􀀲􀀬􀀢􀀳􀀪􀀯􀀮􀀲􀀄􀀁􀀚􀀚􀀒
􀀈􀀎􀀇􀀕􀀙􀀇􀀊􀀊􀀁
􀀓􀀢􀀳􀀦
Annex 18
326
􀀌􀁘 􀀍􀀘􀀝􀀁􀀃 􀀄􀁖􀀠􀁘 􀀭 􀀻 􀁘 􀀐􀀙􀀜􀀓􀀞􀀚􀀘􀁘
􀁔􀈎 􀀋􀁘 􀀉􀀂􀈎 􀀸􀀂􀀦􀀈􀁆􀀋􀆎􀀢 􀁜􀈎
􀂗􀀮􀀱􀀯􀀯􀈎
􀃿􀈎􀄐􀀗􀁍􀀕􀄅􀈎
􀄀􀈎 􀃜􀈎 􀅵􀀤􀇿􀀖􀈎 􀀗􀃝􀀴􀄑􀈎
􀀅􀀊􀀋􀀌􀀍 􀀁􀀆􀀉􀀇􀀃􀀈􀀂􀀄􀀍
􀀁􀀂􀀃 􀀁􀀂􀀃
􀈆􀄆􀂎􀀕􀄞􀃇􀄔􀈎 􀃔􀃹􀈎 􀄇􀀖􀀜􀁲􀀕􀀬 􀀂􀀁
􀃽􀃌􀃾􀀕􀄍􀀤􀃁􀈎
􀀙􀁽 􀀛􀀐􀁖􀀂􀇋􀄋􀀐􀇃􀀅􀈎􀈎 􀀂􀀛􀀂􀁭􀆛􀅋􀀅􀇉􀀄􀀈􀀁􀈎􀈎􀆚􀀉􀀂􀈎 􀁛􀀏􀀅􀀁􀅖􀀁􀈎􀈎 􀂤􀀴􀀭􀀂􀂖􀀅􀀡􀂷􀀒􀈎􀀈􀀣􀀁􀂸􀁪􀀚􀀒􀈎􀀁􀀙􀀆􀂧􀈎 􀃘􀂑􀂲􀀆􀂒􀆺􀀙􀂹􀀰􀀁􀀰􀀏􀁹􀀘􀂂􀈎􀀆􀅕􀈎 􀀑􀀡􀀂􀀄􀀏􀅦􀈎 􀁌􀀁􀀉􀀐􀆄􀈎 􀀶􀀁􀈎 􀈎
􀀄􀀁
􀀃􀀂
􀀂􀀁
􀆆􀂯􀁯􀈎􀀏􀈄􀃣􀇰􀈎 􀀚􀀃􀈎 􀀊􀅺􀈎 􀈎􀅩􀀂􀂘􀀔􀂙􀈎􀀠􀂐􀀇􀀈􀀂􀀞􀈎􀀁􀂁􀀦􀀅􀆱􀀁􀁨􀀁􀁚􀀊􀀄􀄭􀆡􀀄􀁗􀀇􀀄􀀁􀂻􀈎􀈎 􀀑􀀂􀈎􀂣􀈎 􀁓􀀂􀆽􀅂􀀏􀅽􀀥􀀃􀈎􀂾􀀎􀁫􀀃􀈎 􀁝􀀐􀀢􀇺
􀂽􀀃􀈎􀀁􀀬􀀆􀃯􀀂􀈎 􀀗􀀇􀄺􀁠􀀃􀀆􀈎􀀃􀀆􀅞􀀅􀀄􀀁􀀅􀀇􀀇􀈎 􀁬􀀂􀈎 􀀅􀀋􀇱􀈎 􀆢􀀁􀀇􀈎 􀇕􀇬􀈎 􀀪􀀫􀇏􀀄􀀍􀀄􀀁􀈎 􀀈􀂨􀀍􀁣􀀒􀀷􀀁􀈎 􀇹􀀁􀈎 􀀉􀀂􀈎􀅲􀈎􀇘􀀊􀈎􀆅􀄣􀀦􀄿􀀇􀀁􀀊􀈎􀀁􀀃􀀊􀀓􀀂 􀈎􀀃􀅏􀀃􀈎􀀧􀅻􀀂􀀃􀀡􀈎􀅑􀆾􀆣􀈎 􀀥􀆹􀀁􀀇􀆤􀀂􀆞􀀷􀂚􀂳􀀇􀀘􀈎􀀇􀇶􀀈􀀂􀈎􀄬􀈎􀄳􀈎 􀁔􀈎 􀅃􀀥􀄷􀁄􀁘 􀁇􀀒􀇻􀈎 􀀿􀁕􀁘􀀧􀁐􀁘 􀀫􀀱􀁘 􀀔􀀡􀁘􀀏􀀢􀀅􀁘 􀀲􀁁􀁘􀃶􀈎􀁌􀀳􀀇􀀴􀁘 􀀵􀁂􀁘 􀁎􀁔􀀶􀁘 􀁠􀀐􀀊􀈎􀁩􀀁􀇷􀀎􀀥􀇛􀀁􀀌􀈎 􀀃􀀈􀄩􀈎 􀀃􀈎 􀀔􀀃􀀌􀈎 􀀃􀅀􀈎 􀀈􀀂􀇍􀀄􀇜􀀁􀀅􀅮􀄴􀀋􀇐􀈎 􀀂􀁫􀆲􀅁􀁥􀀏􀀠􀀺􀈎 􀆥􀈎 􀀄􀁤􀇝􀀎􀇈􀀍􀀄􀀁􀆗􀀌􀀬􀀟
􀈂􀈎 􀀽􀀁􀀹􀈎 􀁋􀄙􀀹􀇞􀀃􀈎􀅯􀈎􀆶􀁓􀀅􀁅􀁏􀀁􀇀􀀈􀁆􀀠􀀤􀀆􀁘 􀀑􀀈􀄤􀁑􀁍􀈎􀀂􀀁􀁅􀀿􀀃􀀳􀀃􀀷􀁨􀀅􀁘 􀁥􀀉􀅄􀀋􀀏􀀵􀁙􀈎 􀀒􀈎􀁅􀁀􀆳􀀁􀀅􀁇􀁘􀈎 􀀂􀀬􀀲􀀏􀁘􀈎 􀀛􀃤􀇮􀀁􀅅􀀄􀆜􀀠􀀅􀆕􀀃􀁺􀈎􀅓􀁧􀀭􀁪􀀸􀁒􀈎 􀀽􀃥􀀼􀆇􀀡􀀉􀄹􀁈􀁘􀈎
􀅌􀆭􀀁􀈎 􀀅􀀋􀀦􀇅􀀂􀀆􀀎􀀇􀇫􀀞􀀋􀀊􀈎 􀀂􀀆􀆻􀀁􀆃􀀊􀇑􀈎
􀁊􀃒􀀟􀆰􀃡􀂏􀁶􀀑􀄼􀃆􀄄􀇟􀃗􀀎􀈎􀈎􀀉􀀠􀁀􀄚􀀏􀈎􀃄􀁎􀀲􀄱􀁏􀁋􀀜􀀁􀈎􀆝􀁊􀀅􀃙􀈎􀀁􀄟􀈎 􀁍􀀂􀈃􀀲􀃋􀀖􀁀􀂛􀄈􀈎􀄠􀀲􀃂􀄽􀄒􀈎􀃕􀀄􀀈􀈀􀃺􀈎 􀁉􀈎 􀀑􀀖􀀂􀀜􀀴􀈎 􀀗􀃨􀀁􀃼􀀅􀁕􀀂􀁳􀁃􀀈􀈎􀁔􀀓
􀀂􀀁 􀃷􀃅􀄃􀈎 􀀆􀀃􀀅􀀄􀀇 􀁑􀃩􀄢􀂍􀄏􀀳􀀕􀇠􀈎 􀄖􀀘􀀇􀀼􀀻􀁣􀇡􀀎􀈎 􀀉􀀋􀈎 􀁎􀄥􀇴􀀐􀀓 􀂃􀈎􀀖􀅐􀀺􀀈􀀅􀀃􀀑􀀁􀀅􀈎 􀄁􀇢􀅶􀀁􀈎 􀆬􀅚􀈎 􀁒􀁞􀀁􀈎 􀃐􀀂􀆈􀂄􀀈􀀁􀂅
􀅫􀈎 􀀂􀀆􀀍􀅍􀀅􀆮􀀄􀀈􀆦􀀁􀈎􀈎􀄂􀂜􀀮􀈋􀂩􀂴􀁄􀁬􀈎 􀃃􀁱􀆐􀀟􀇪􀁑􀄻􀀟􀃱􀀞􀈎 􀀂􀄪􀀆􀀂􀈎􀀔􀅤􀈎􀂥􀄫􀈎 􀁇􀀥􀀂􀈎􀈇􀁟􀇲􀀪􀈎􀅭􀀁􀀓􀈎􀈎 􀀆􀀉􀀂􀀄􀀔􀀉􀀁􀈎􀃊􀈎 􀀝􀀞􀁧􀀁􀆏􀈎 􀁏􀀅􀆯􀄰􀀁􀀒􀀌􀄮􀈎􀁾􀀒􀀁􀈎 􀀃􀀈􀀖􀂆􀃚􀀟􀃳􀂇􀈎 􀀶􀈎 􀁌􀀁􀅆􀀂􀇊􀀃􀁘􀀁􀀅􀈎 􀀛􀀋􀆖􀅳􀈎 􀀉􀀂􀈎 􀀅􀀇􀀈􀀤􀅜􀅇􀀂􀀔􀇒􀈎
􀀆􀀄􀀈􀀛􀄝􀁐􀄗􀀓􀈎 􀀐􀀣􀁊􀀾􀁓􀀰􀁘 􀀭􀀱􀁘 􀀂􀀈􀀃􀀁􀀉 􀁉􀀁􀆌􀇣􀀘􀈎 􀀪􀀕􀁘 􀀂􀀎􀀟
􀀁􀀆􀀛􀀃􀁘􀁗􀁘
􀇗􀀁􀀅􀈎 􀃰􀀎􀆒􀀂􀀅􀀁􀁿􀃧􀁈􀅨􀀁􀈎􀂢􀈎
􀀜􀀂􀅴􀀁􀀅􀈎 􀄛􀄜􀁻􀈎 􀃲􀁰􀅢􀀎􀈎 􀀉􀅗􀈎 􀆁􀈎 􀄕􀅈􀂭􀀨􀁞􀀹􀀄􀂵􀈎 􀂮􀈎 􀁖􀀶􀀒􀇖􀆧􀈎􀆍 􀀢􀅱􀀈􀅷􀀐􀂈􀇼􀈎
􀀖􀁘 􀅠􀇩􀀢􀀂􀀨􀀄􀀺􀀈􀀃􀈎 􀅬􀀃􀈎 􀀆􀀒􀀑􀀁􀈎 􀅣􀀄􀅸􀀃􀀉􀀵􀈎 􀁊􀀩􀀦􀁘 􀀋􀀔􀈎 􀂝􀀯􀈎 􀀊􀀹􀁘 􀀪􀈈􀆴􀇤􀀄􀅟􀁸􀀅􀁜􀈎 􀀅􀀣􀀫􀀄􀈎 􀀙􀀃􀂉􀀱􀀉􀂱􀀆􀀇􀀰􀀉􀀓􀈎􀃓􀀕􀀂􀀇􀁓􀃮􀈎 􀀔􀀜􀀗􀀃􀀆􀄉􀈎􀀭􀈎􀁩􀀐􀇵􀁙􀀑􀀎􀇓􀈎 􀀣􀀎􀈎􀁢􀈎􀅉􀆨􀇸􀈎􀅔􀈎􀃑􀁷􀀤􀀖􀀓􀈎 􀀂􀀇􀈎 􀀔􀀃􀈎
􀀖􀁘 􀁦􀀁􀇎􀅛􀀝􀁦􀂞􀁈􀀝􀈎 􀀉􀀂􀀚􀈎 􀈌􀈎 􀀮􀀹􀁘 􀁟􀇯􀀇􀀄􀀁􀈎 􀀣􀁰􀈎 􀀙􀁃􀀱􀁄􀁅􀈎 􀀂􀀝􀀈􀀅􀀂􀈎 􀀚􀀁􀀊􀈎 􀀛􀆫􀀿 􀁕􀅝􀀄􀀂􀇌􀀌􀈎 􀇂􀁭􀀧􀈎􀃪􀀂􀈎􀄌􀀚􀀐􀀊􀈎􀇁􀀔􀈎 􀂶􀅊􀁮􀈎 􀀁􀃢􀀊􀈎 􀀷􀀂􀀌􀈎􀆿􀀨􀄨􀀩􀀂􀀇􀂬􀀁􀈎 􀀂􀇙􀀃􀀆􀈎 􀀍􀀁􀆓􀀂􀀅􀀻􀀾􀀍􀀄􀀃􀀌􀀓􀈎 􀆼􀆠 􀀈􀀂􀀌􀇔􀈎 􀀃􀈎 􀀂􀀆􀁮􀀧􀀉􀀼􀄾􀈎 􀀑􀇳􀀞􀀂􀈎 􀂪􀂌􀇧􀀃􀈎 􀅡􀀇􀈎 􀃴􀀐􀀆􀈎 􀀸􀀄􀅪􀀒􀀂􀀝􀀿 􀀙􀄎􀂊􀂀 􀁒􀁂􀀫􀅧􀀩􀈎 􀀫􀀂􀀆􀀇􀈍􀀈􀄯􀀐􀀒􀀚􀅒􀁱􀀇􀀪􀈎 􀈉􀀉􀀻􀈎 􀁡􀀃􀀌􀈎 􀀃􀅥􀁯􀇭􀈎 􀀈􀀂􀀡􀇇􀁆􀇽􀅎􀀁􀇄􀀄􀀃􀁡􀀂􀅘􀈎􀂿􀀂􀁁
􀄦􀄧􀈎􀈊􀁁 􀅿􀃉􀈎 􀀩􀈎 􀀆􀀋􀅰􀅼􀄸􀀂􀀌􀈎 􀃵􀆑􀆙􀈎􀆟􀁂 􀀭􀀱􀀿􀁘 􀀢􀀒􀆩􀈎 􀀗􀁉􀁃􀀯􀁘 􀀂􀀝􀈎 􀀨􀀤􀁘􀁋􀁓􀀹􀀺􀁘 􀀄􀁤􀀞􀀂􀀅􀀎􀂡􀂼􀂫􀆪􀈎 􀀏􀀃􀀆􀈎􀄲􀈎 􀀈􀀂􀀅􀇆􀀄􀇥􀈎 􀀁􀀅􀀄􀄵􀁛􀀌􀇾􀈎 􀀂􀁚􀆸􀅾􀀸􀀭􀈎
􀃸􀄡􀁵􀃀􀂓􀃫􀂔􀃍􀈎 􀃖􀈎􀀂􀀈􀀁􀀈􀄘􀃞􀀳􀃬􀁴􀆀􀃻􀄓􀈎
􀆋􀀘􀀾􀇦􀀂􀆂􀈎 􀀃􀈎 􀈎􀀍􀃛􀀁􀀆􀀾􀀨􀆷􀀋􀀇􀀍􀀄􀈎􀁢􀁗􀀇􀈎􀈎 􀆵􀀑􀀋􀀁􀂟􀀆􀀋􀈎 􀀆􀂦􀀄􀈎􀈅􀀑􀀇􀈎􀀘􀀑􀈎 􀈁􀅹􀈎􀀧􀀽􀀇􀀵􀀄􀀁􀀌􀈎􀈎 􀁘􀀄􀀆􀀋􀈎􀀽􀀃􀂠􀀊􀂋􀂺􀈎 􀁅􀄊􀂕􀀳􀈎 􀃭􀀅􀀜􀀋􀀗􀀍􀀕􀀁􀀓􀀇􀈎􀀁􀃟􀀍􀀘􀈎 􀃎􀁝􀀁􀃠􀀅􀀿􀈎 􀀩􀈎 􀃈􀂰􀈎 􀀗􀁐􀃏􀀁􀀕􀀅􀀄􀃦􀁼􀀆􀈎􀀍􀀇􀀁􀀁􀀮􀈎􀈎 􀆉􀇨􀆊􀀍􀀄􀀁􀆘􀀁􀈎􀆔􀀁􀈎 􀀉􀀎􀈎 􀀏􀀐􀀆􀈎 􀀄􀅙􀀏􀀁􀀈􀀂􀀊􀈎 􀀊􀀼􀀈􀀁􀀊􀈎􀄶􀈎􀇚􀈎
Annex 18
327
􀀁􀀂
􀄵􀄫􀀧􀁮
􀁒􀀂􀌏 􀀃􀂷􀀊􀀏􀆵􀃰􀀁􀁭􀄗􀌏 􀂅􀁍􀀗􀁪􀁗􀁢􀀘􀀟􀀅􀌏 􀀆􀉩􀀎􀀦􀀯􀀉􀀒􀌏 􀀉􀅀􀀕􀀰􀅞􀀳􀀤􀀃􀌏 􀇖􀌏 􀁗􀌏􀀞􀀎􀀔􀀆􀀈􀀸􀀖􀌏􀁈􀄻􀀯􀌏􀊎􀉇􀀇􀃖􀌏 􀀆􀁠􀀋􀀅􀀎􀃇􀀃􀌏􀉑􀀲􀀄􀇀􀌏 􀀩􀁺􀉨􀀌􀌏 􀀁􀌏􀁀􀃨􀁩􀀁􀂑􀌏􀀄􀌏􀌉􀀡􀈢􀃤􀉖􀀂􀌏􀈝􀌏􀆶􀄂􀌏 􀌏 􀀛􀂙􀀈􀂗􀀸􀁆􀌏􀌏􀀂􀄧􀋇􀃝􀀏􀀊􀀁􀀠􀁁􀌏􀀐􀀴􀀤􀀝􀊦􀀆􀁒􀂟􀀳􀅈􀀃􀌏􀀱􀁫􀁚􀆫􀌏 􀁲􀀁􀀝􀀊􀀴􀀝􀌏 􀀐􀂨􀅒􀉱􀊌􀂮􀀝􀌏 􀁙􀀃􀀎􀀒􀀈􀅃􀃃􀄘􀌏 􀂜􀌏 􀁻􀊓􀌏 􀀞􀀃􀀫􀀔􀀁􀌏􀌏 􀀏􀁉􀆷􀁌􀀛􀌏􀀲􀉋􀃜􀀇􀌏􀋈􀀆􀀑􀇠􀉲􀌏 􀆑􀀊􀂺􀀯􀂍􀀦􀂎􀁩􀀆􀃄􀉕􀀷􀈾􀌏 􀌏􀀪􀀂􀁤􀃞􀃶􀁼􀀂􀌏􀋹 􀁴􀉳􀌏 􀃷􀌏 􀉣􀀂􀌏 􀊝􀃅􀂿􀀁􀀑􀌏 􀀣􀊇􀌏 􀀘􀀨􀉮􀀓􀌏 􀀬􀀭􀀠􀀎􀀯􀈓􀁔􀀐􀌏 􀀚􀃅􀈻􀌏 􀁜􀀊􀀎􀆣􀌏 􀂚􀁱􀆏􀁯􀌏
􀂏􀆧􀃟􀀶􀌏 􀀃􀅉􀀅􀂿􀀄􀀆 􀀺􀀩􀄅􀁍􀇡􀇢􀌏 􀀁􀈏􀀊􀁽􀁁􀉟􀆚􀀃􀀸􀃫􀌏􀌏 􀀆􀀐􀉴􀁀􀀛􀀞􀆨􀀃􀀏􀀁􀀜􀀠􀀎􀌏􀁋􀀋􀃃􀀼􀌏􀅖􀌏􀀑􀌏􀂌􀀓􀀲􀁦􀀔􀌏􀀅􀂐􀇟􀀼􀀍􀁊􀀇􀀂􀀜􀌏 􀁍􀄷􀆮􀂃􀀘􀀓􀀄􀀖􀀏􀀄􀌏 􀁎􀀍􀀦􀊍􀁉􀇣􀌄􀌏 􀁫􀌏􀋫􀁧􀀆􀋶 􀂋􀌏 􀀙􀀂􀊸􀀐􀀊􀀣􀀢􀉪􀁋􀀰􀀙􀀇􀀅􀌏 􀃞􀊻􀃼􀀈􀇝􀌏 􀀥􀀃􀀷􀀔􀀄􀌏 􀁞􀀵􀌏 􀀷􀂱􀀇􀃼􀀈􀌏 􀁉􀄈􀁾􀌏􀀛􀁽􀌏 􀃫􀁛􀀋􀌏 􀈩􀀣􀀓􀃟􀂐􀀪􀌏􀀁􀌏􀀎􀀴􀀽􀀝􀌏 􀂡􀊠􀀝􀁪􀂧􀁼􀉆􀄉􀄙􀂤􀌏 􀁂􀃍􀁓􀁍􀁭􀌏􀌏 􀁐􀀉􀀌􀁇􀀉􀌏 􀌏􀂆􀀁􀀈􀁻􀌏 􀀪􀊏􀀄􀀗􀀓􀀃􀂋􀃘􀀂􀀧􀀍􀌏􀀇􀀉􀀂􀌏 􀀣􀂗􀀤􀌏􀊔􀀏􀀐􀌏 􀅅􀀤􀀈􀀖􀀍􀁋􀀊􀀅􀌏 􀃧􀀦􀀄􀌏 􀆒􀁘􀀫􀀅􀌏 􀂷􀆯􀁬􀀵􀌏 􀀁􀀔􀀅􀌏 􀀞􀀔􀀂􀃤􀀇􀃆􀃽
􀁮􀀂􀀂􀁓􀉥􀀌􀌏 􀋋􀈜􀀱􀋦􀌏 􀇐􀀅􀀙􀃣􀀁􀀇􀃦􀄶􀀑􀀏􀆠􀌏 􀁀􀀚􀃝􀀄􀀔􀌏 􀈣􀃦􀀵􀃢􀌏􀀿􀀟􀌏 􀀁􀊖􀀌􀉎􀇇􀀌􀀜􀌏􀁝􀀐􀀋􀃬􀀅􀀉􀀣􀀂􀆪􀌏 􀀣􀀂􀀛􀂭􀄣􀀱􀌏􀌏 􀄥􀃧􀀋􀀦􀀁􀊑􀌏 􀁾􀀡􀁷􀌏􀌏 􀀈􀀍􀌏􀀒􀁐􀅔􀀏􀀂􀌏 􀀬􀀍􀀇􀀄􀀈􀌏 􀀧􀀋􀃶
􀁮􀀿􀀌􀋆􀂰􀀄􀌏 􀂆􀀇􀁬􀁇􀌏􀇁􀀙􀀂􀉰􀌏 􀀚􀀇􀀮􀁏􀁍􀁿􀀇􀀉􀂺􀀃􀀲􀌏􀆱􀁤􀇤􀀦􀀐􀁡􀌏􀁩􀇥􀉂􀌏 􀀮􀌏 􀀻􀁟􀁰􀀘􀊡􀀔􀁪􀀁􀂊􀌏 􀀡􀄹􀁄􀃜􀀥􀀆􀌏 􀁱􀄼􀃘􀋝􀃱􀌏 􀁎􀁊􀊧􀀁􀂇􀌏 􀀄􀀉􀄡􀀈􀀳􀃂􀂀􀀮􀀋􀌏 􀁥􀌏 􀀚􀀄􀇦􀃊􀌏􀀺􀆃􀀷􀀢􀀎􀂝􀂥􀂍􀂧􀀃􀀝􀌏 􀋷􀁔􀀹􀌏 􀅗􀉤􀅜􀅑􀂦􀌏 􀁫􀌏 􀀴􀀝􀅿􀁂􀅌􀄢􀆀􀁯􀌏
􀄺􀌏 􀀛􀁷􀀊􀌏 􀆂􀀈􀈘􀀂􀀪􀁃􀌏 􀋌􀄎􀀼􀌏 􀂐􀀉􀀭􀉵􀌏􀀟􀄸􀊨􀂉􀀊􀀫􀀫􀀃􀀂􀀤􀌏 􀀯􀁛􀈚􀀅􀃓􀀁􀀋􀌏 􀀕􀇧􀁡􀇨􀋵􀀳􀀭􀌏􀈰􀀾􀁊􀉄􀀕􀇈􀄳􀌏 􀄯􀀚􀀒􀂂􀀥􀌏 􀌏􀀎􀀨􀀍􀌏􀀓􀃙􀁜􀁨􀃮􀃓􀂈􀁃􀁹􀌏􀀕􀆁􀁏􀂴􀂤􀅘􀌏 􀆄􀊢􀂛􀋞􀁂􀀁􀌏􀌏 􀀍􀂁􀀄􀅡􀀜􀌏􀀇􀅢􀀠􀋿􀋺􀌏􀃠􀀺􀀂􀀇􀀑􀀏􀀐􀀸􀌏􀋸 􀁲􀀘􀂢􀀩􀅷􀌏􀀏􀂟􀁑􀁱􀀇􀄔􀀉􀀃􀌏􀉁􀀞􀀼􀀪􀌏􀄕􀇩􀈪􀅼􀌏 􀀴􀁞􀃾􀀝􀀺􀆇􀃐􀃲􀀁􀀧􀌏 􀌏􀁙􀁎􀊩􀉌􀆛􀁖􀀾􀌏 􀁣􀀂􀄿􀌏 􀃗􀀈􀀊􀌏 􀋍􀂈􀇪􀀱􀊴􀀊􀌏 􀂀􀉏􀀄􀊪􀈕􀀉􀁶􀊽􀌏 􀀉􀂂􀁟􀌏􀈗􀀞􀀂􀌏
􀁕􀀂􀀖􀀊􀀏􀀵􀁁􀅓􀆲􀀒􀌏 􀁝􀃬􀌏􀀃􀁤􀌏 􀁤􀁑􀀭􀀦􀌏􀀐􀌏􀀎􀀍􀀈􀀒􀀠􀀑􀌏 􀀍􀊰􀀆􀋢􀀄􀀘􀊶􀀨􀁐􀌏􀀄􀀬􀌏 􀀵􀇫􀌏􀌏 􀁃􀉯􀀙􀁈􀀁􀀐􀀊􀃭􀀲􀀒􀃪􀌏 􀌏􀁣􀀃􀀅􀀗􀁦􀃴􀌏 􀂑􀇬􀂯􀃔􀌏 􀌏􀀰􀊫􀀃􀀤􀀁􀀫􀋨􀀐􀌏􀂉􀁄􀃿􀌏􀀑􀀡􀄊􀌏􀀾􀂩􀀖􀌏􀀂􀃇􀀔􀀇􀀂􀀓􀀳􀂩􀁥􀌏􀀜􀅵􀀋􀌏 􀌏 􀃷􀌏􀅰􀁒􀅏􀀁􀀂 􀀹􀉘􀋎􀀿􀀹􀌏 􀀛􀀅􀌏 􀀄􀀇􀀅􀀊 􀅎􀂢􀂥􀅙􀁓􀂡􀁂􀌏 􀂰􀌏 􀁂􀀹􀀥􀀘􀀌􀄋􀌏 􀁝􀂫􀌏 􀇑􀀢􀄱􀀏􀀨􀌏 􀀚􀀹􀌏 􀅕􀆊􀀇􀀑􀀄􀀅􀌏 􀌅􀀁
􀁣􀂮􀀒􀀛􀀅􀌏 􀀄􀀆 􀂠􀀃􀊹􀃈􀌏 􀋱􀌏􀅪􀌏 􀀓􀀚􀀖􀀈􀀛􀀠 􀅋􀅝􀉔􀌏 􀀅􀀛􀌏 􀅐􀁅􀄴􀀁􀂕􀌏 􀀎􀀚􀀜􀀞􀀠 􀀉􀇭􀀖􀀫􀀔􀀒􀌏 􀀌􀀏􀀠 􀀗􀀈􀀉􀀠
􀀂􀀆􀀇 􀀏􀃆􀀤􀁏􀀇􀀳􀀢􀀟􀁚􀀅􀀡􀀌􀀊􀌏 􀀌􀂃􀊗􀀾􀅧􀀶􀁯􀌏
􀋻 􀆅􀂊􀌏 􀂸􀀩􀈇􀌏 􀁝􀁇􀌏 􀀍􀃡􀀑􀋩􀇮􀀖􀀙􀀆􀌁􀁢􀌏 􀀉􀇯􀈲􀌏􀄆􀌏 􀁹􀇰􀌏 􀈦􀁑􀉫􀀽􀌏 􀃀􀃄􀌏 􀄨􀄚􀄽􀂘􀂘􀌏 􀀌􀉙􀌏􀇃􀌏􀂵􀄐 􀂆􀀲􀃾􀆓􀀷􀀙􀅨􀀦􀂙􀀼􀌏 􀌏􀊒􀃨􀆉􀁛􀆢􀀖􀌏􀄦􀁁􀀼􀌏 􀀟􀀁􀌏 􀇗􀈐􀅠􀇱􀈴􀄤􀌏 􀁦􀀄􀂈􀀰􀉶􀀳􀌏􀀨􀅮􀌏 􀅽􀀕􀁘􀅸􀀣􀅊􀈿􀀍􀄌􀌏􀃐􀊈􀃳􀆳􀀱􀀓􀇉􀁗􀉢􀅣􀃰􀇲􀉐􀀁􀌏􀆺􀀁􀂎􀈳􀇳􀌏 􀌏􀀗􀌊􀈞􀃙􀀋􀀕􀀃􀋭􀌏 􀁖􀀞􀈵􀀄􀁎􀁠􀀘􀌏 􀈃􀁥􀀆􀁉􀀜􀀂􀌏􀌏􀅲􀇴􀉚􀂠􀌏 􀀁􀁳􀂖􀀆􀌏􀀈􀉬􀀃􀀉 􀀡􀀡􀁷􀊾􀌏 􀃎􀇵􀂻􀈛􀆜􀊿􀄛􀌏 􀂝􀀥􀋏􀌋􀌏 􀆼􀃴􀋽􀇒􀂒􀀡􀀾􀌏 􀀚􀀆􀂻􀁌􀅇
􀀪􀀇􀀂􀌏􀅳􀂔􀅭􀌏 􀂄􀁐􀀻􀌏􀌏􀇏􀁵􀈙􀁕􀀾􀀊􀌏 􀁿􀌏 􀆔􀋜􀀞􀆩􀂼􀀜􀄖􀅤􀁆􀀨􀁘􀃉􀇶􀌏 􀁺􀌏 􀃋􀀚􀃑􀌏􀉃􀇷􀅆􀀊􀌏 􀉓􀋐􀆻􀀇􀋉􀀋􀌏 􀃊􀌏 􀀖􀃵􀌏􀆝􀃣􀋊􀈟􀃗􀌏 􀀇􀀅􀀗􀀬􀂼􀆞􀀌􀇘􀀥􀀁􀉷􀁅􀌏􀌏 􀃩􀀣􀋣􀃢􀈂􀀿􀌏􀌏 􀉒􀊞􀀅􀀪􀇸􀌏􀀚􀆡􀆬􀀖􀌏􀌏 􀀷􀂹􀁽􀂶􀁡􀂂􀀗􀁙􀀒􀁚􀀊􀂽􀌏 􀀆􀀁􀆽􀆖􀊐􀌏 􀁟􀀂􀃡􀃮􀀎􀌏􀀌􀇊􀀋􀂵􀌏 􀀭􀁕􀀑􀉸􀌏 􀁧􀀈􀌏􀈒􀂅􀆕􀀈􀊘􀁧􀌏 􀀏􀌆􀀓􀀛􀌌􀀌􀁆􀀇􀄜􀀏􀀢􀈈􀀤􀀧􀀆􀄑􀂯􀅍􀀂􀀐􀀑􀁆􀌏􀌏􀀅􀀔􀇹􀀗􀂉􀊜􀀋􀀑􀀓􀀊􀂾􀀎􀈠􀀚􀇞􀀁􀀟􀀉􀀃􀌏􀊕􀅬􀌏􀉦􀌏 􀀎􀋪􀀃􀀕􀀠􀈔􀌏 􀀗􀀩􀌂􀃚􀌏 􀃸􀌏 􀈼􀌏 􀊙􀀋􀂾􀀨􀌏 􀃯􀀕􀀟􀋼􀌏 􀀘􀀔􀀕􀀂􀀆􀀐􀀠 􀃥􀆾􀆗􀌏 􀁞􀀢􀀶􀌏 􀄏􀇙􀉀􀋬􀄩􀌏􀀘􀉹􀁨􀌏 􀈍􀆤􀀰􀀍􀇺􀇻􀉺􀁨􀌏 􀀁􀀂 􀀑􀀒􀀙􀀈􀀝
􀈎􀀡􀇼􀂃􀌏 􀀕􀀻􀌏 􀈶􀀽􀀥􀌏 􀁏􀋾􀉻􀋀􀌏 􀀁􀀂􀆌􀁳􀌏 􀁫􀌏 􀆈􀂨􀌍􀉅􀄃􀌏􀌇􀌏
􀀶􀂊􀀺􀈱􀆟􀉍􀀌􀁒􀁢􀀒􀀘􀀊􀃉􀀜􀌏􀋑􀀟􀀁􀋯􀀜􀀊􀃳􀀕􀌏 􀁡􀂌􀃁􀀔􀁚􀀜􀀉􀀣􀂪􀀃􀌏􀀖􀀅􀀁􀌏􀉗􀀛􀁄􀀠􀌏􀌏􀈅􀀄􀀇􀇋􀀂􀉼􀀈 􀀙􀀃􀀅􀀅􀀉􀀆􀆎􀀁􀀈 􀀱􀀌􀌏 􀇚􀈖􀁋􀁟􀆴􀌏 􀊬􀂄􀃑􀀻􀀽􀀲􀌏􀁃􀅯􀀙􀅾􀃒􀅺􀃿􀀰􀌏 􀃯􀂖􀀮􀌏􀁶􀌏􀂅􀀥􀊟􀊉􀊳􀁌􀇓􀁜􀌏 􀅂􀃹􀀩􀌏 􀃽 􀉽􀆸􀈫􀀓􀌏 􀁗􀀑􀌏 􀀑􀁑􀃌􀁨􀀫􀀔􀀂􀌏 􀊛􀀢􀃻􀀄􀀍􀀘􀀃􀌏 􀀬􀀌􀌏 􀁵􀀍􀀦􀀄􀀿􀃀􀀢􀌏 􀃩􀂒􀀁􀄾􀌏
􀀪􀁛􀀓􀌏􀅱􀅻􀂔􀈽􀌈􀁘􀄝􀌏 􀌏􀀉􀀇􀀋􀁣􀉾􀋁􀄪􀁈􀁰􀀒􀉛􀀕􀇽􀌏 􀀚􀁿􀃕􀌏􀇂􀄀􀀗􀁪􀈬􀀃􀌏 􀊣􀆍􀀖􀁩􀉿􀌏 􀋂􀊀􀀑􀌏 􀁌􀋮􀁁􀊁􀉜􀇛􀀩􀀉􀁄􀁴􀌏􀂱􀌏
􀀉􀀓􀀃􀀇􀀅􀀕 􀀒􀀕 􀀃􀀂􀀁􀀄􀀅􀀊􀀔􀀌􀀐􀀂􀀑􀀕 􀀄􀀆􀀁􀀊􀀕 􀀎􀀈􀀌􀀕 􀀋􀀍􀀏􀀕
􀁦􀀇􀀂􀌏 􀄁􀅚􀂣􀅹􀂜􀀑􀌏 􀌏􀀎􀀅􀋃􀌏􀀌􀌏􀀈􀁸􀀗􀀁􀋒􀊭􀋧􀋥􀋚􀈉􀀯􀇔􀀬􀀆􀁶􀁊􀂲􀂕􀌏􀌏 􀀉􀈷􀀁􀀃􀌏􀀸􀀎􀌏 􀂸􀀈􀁀􀂴􀌏 􀀋􀀍􀂄􀀽􀈌􀀋􀆭􀌏 􀃵􀀮􀀤􀁀􀆹􀌏 􀀕􀂽􀀋􀀄􀂌􀁆􀇆􀀐􀀊􀊂􀌏 􀈭􀁌􀃋􀀖􀃭􀌏􀊺􀌏 􀀆􀃛􀀏􀊃􀂪􀋓􀌏 􀆘􀃏􀃕􀀈􀂬􀁈􀀆􀁺􀁄􀀅􀁴􀌏 􀀄􀌏 􀃠􀁠􀀢􀌏 􀀻􀌏 􀀺􀀇􀊱􀁃􀂍􀌏 􀂫􀌏 􀅥􀀨􀌏 􀀌􀉝􀂎􀁥􀀈􀇜􀆥􀌏 􀁖􀀄􀈸􀌏 􀀟􀃒􀀽􀌏 􀅴􀌏 􀃺􀌏 􀀁􀀋􀃥􀀁􀀍􀀆􀀈􀅫􀀮􀀰􀁁􀁋􀌏􀀁
􀄍􀌏 􀇌􀁇􀄇􀋴􀌏 􀂋􀀬􀀐􀁐􀁠􀌏􀌏 􀈹􀁙􀋟􀂶􀁕􀀌􀀃􀀶􀌏 􀌏􀀉􀂬􀁼􀌏􀋤􀀴􀋰􀀆􀀅􀂹􀃖􀀂􀀯􀌏􀆿􀆆􀂲􀇾􀀋􀌏􀌏 􀅟􀁹􀀄􀁑􀌏􀂳􀂛􀀝􀀧􀂦􀅛􀁓􀁲􀂣􀌏 􀃹􀌏 􀂞􀅁􀂚􀂞􀁳􀀧􀌏
􀅶􀀋􀌏 􀀈􀀎􀌏 􀀂􀀁􀀃 􀈮􀀒􀀸􀌏 􀁅􀀁􀊼􀀆􀀗􀀆􀀃􀀠􀌏 􀅄􀀟􀁵􀃛􀀙􀀄􀀋􀇿􀁅􀆐􀁖􀀭􀌏 􀁸􀀅􀈺􀀩􀁬􀀅􀈑􀀮􀌏 􀃏􀂳􀌏 􀀊􀀆􀋔􀂑􀇅 􀀃􀀄􀀇 􀀹􀁢􀌏 􀅩􀁔􀌏 􀀁􀀅􀀇 􀁰􀉠􀋕􀀭􀊷􀂇􀀜􀉧􀀁􀁀􀌏 􀃻􀌏 􀀏􀂀􀁏􀊮􀂇􀌏􀃱􀁎􀊯􀁜􀆦􀀕􀁧􀌏 􀋛􀁈􀂁􀁅􀈀􀋄􀌏 􀀍􀀇􀀁􀀔􀀫􀀂􀌏 􀀂 􀉞􀌃􀀐􀀿􀀃􀌏 􀈄􀀄􀌏 􀁸􀀃􀋲􀄞􀌏
􀈯􀆋􀌏 􀂁􀁻􀋗􀋠􀀚􀈤􀀃􀌏 􀀍􀀒􀉉􀀞􀀎􀀄􀃲􀀜􀌏 􀀉􀀁􀌏 􀈊􀊄􀃚􀃁􀀓􀋅􀌏 􀊤􀋡􀃈􀌏 􀃌􀁞􀌏 􀄄􀄲􀇄􀋖􀈆􀊋􀀠􀄓􀌎􀀞􀊲􀋘􀋙􀌏
􀃍􀀥􀂏􀂓􀌏 􀈋􀄰􀃔􀀆􀋳􀀅􀉡􀁉􀀃􀌏 􀊚􀊵􀀆􀀘􀀇􀀟􀂓􀌏 􀀎􀀈􀌏 􀀱􀁾􀀙􀈡􀄬􀃎􀄭􀀍􀀈􀀗􀈥􀄠􀇕􀀻􀌏 􀃂􀈁􀌏 􀀌􀀶􀂏􀆙􀌏 􀇎􀆰􀁬􀁇􀈧􀀄􀌏 􀃸 􀀁􀀂 􀉊􀊅􀈨􀂭􀃪􀁭􀌏 􀀄􀊥􀂒􀀆􀊊􀂓􀌀􀊆􀅦􀀃􀌏 􀁊􀀁􀌏 􀇍􀀓􀃺􀀵􀌏 􀉈􀄮􀉭􀁔􀀈􀀠􀀧􀌏
􀂅􀂅􀁍􀁍􀀗􀀗􀁪􀁪􀁗􀁢􀀘􀀟􀁒􀁒􀀅􀀂􀀂􀌏 􀀃􀀃􀀆􀂷􀂷􀉩􀀊􀀊􀀎􀀏􀀏􀆵􀆵􀀦􀀯􀀉􀃰􀃰􀀒􀀁􀀁􀁭􀄗􀌏􀀉􀅀􀅀􀀕􀀰􀅞􀅞􀀳􀀤􀀃 􀇖􀁗􀀞􀀞􀀎􀀔􀀔􀀆􀀆􀀈􀀖􀀖􀀸􀁈􀁈􀄻􀀯􀀯􀊎􀊎􀊎􀊎􀉇􀀇􀃖􀌏 􀀆􀀆􀁠􀀋􀀋􀀅􀀎􀀎􀃇􀀃􀀃􀉑􀀲􀀲􀀄􀀄􀇀􀀩􀁺􀁺􀉨􀀌􀀌􀌏 􀀁􀀁􀁀􀁀􀃨􀃨􀃨􀁩􀁩􀀁􀀁􀂑􀀄􀌉􀌉􀌉􀌉􀀡􀈢􀃤􀃤􀃤􀃤􀉖􀀂􀀂􀈝􀆶􀄂􀄂􀄂􀌏 􀀛􀀛􀂙􀂙􀀈􀀈􀂗􀂗􀀸􀀸􀁆􀁆􀌏􀌏􀀂􀀂􀄧􀄧􀋇􀋇􀃝􀃝􀀏􀀏􀀁􀀁􀀆􀀠􀀠􀁁􀁁􀉩􀌏􀀐􀀐􀀴􀀴􀀤􀀤􀀝􀀝􀀎􀊦􀊦􀀆􀁒􀁒􀀆􀀦􀀯􀂟􀂟􀀳􀀳􀀉􀅈􀅈􀀃􀀃􀀒􀀱􀀱􀁫􀁫􀌏􀁚􀁚􀆫􀆫􀀉􀌏 􀁲􀁲􀀕􀀁􀀁􀀝􀀝􀀰􀀳􀀊􀀊􀀴􀀴􀀤􀌏􀀝􀀝􀀐􀀐􀀃􀂨􀂨􀅒􀅒􀌏􀉱􀉱􀇖􀊌􀊌􀂮􀂮􀀝􀀝􀁗􀌏 􀀃􀀃􀀎􀁙􀁙􀀎􀀎􀀒􀀒􀀈􀀈􀀈􀅃􀅃􀀸􀃃􀃃􀌏 􀄻􀄘􀄘􀌏 􀉇􀂜􀂜􀌏 􀁻􀁻􀊓􀊓􀀇􀃖􀀞􀀞􀁠􀀃􀀃􀀅􀀫􀀫􀀔􀀔􀃇􀀁􀀁􀌏􀌏􀉑􀀏􀀏􀁉􀁉􀆷􀆷􀇀􀁌􀁌􀀛􀀛􀀩􀌏􀀲􀀲􀉋􀉋􀉨􀃜􀃜􀀇􀀇􀌏􀋈􀋈􀀆􀀆􀌏􀀑􀀑􀇠􀇠􀃨􀃨􀃨􀃨􀃨􀉲􀉲􀂑􀌏 􀆑􀆑􀀄􀀊􀀊􀌏􀂺􀂺􀀯􀀯􀀡􀂍􀂍􀀦􀀦􀈢􀂎􀂎􀁩􀀆􀀆􀉖􀃄􀉕􀀷􀀷􀈝􀌏􀌏􀈾􀈾􀆶􀀪􀀂􀁤􀁤􀌏 􀃞􀃶􀃶􀁼􀁼􀀂􀋹 􀉣􀀂􀌏􀊝􀃅􀂿􀀁􀀑􀌏 􀀬􀀭􀀠􀀎􀀯􀈓􀁔􀀐􀌏􀊓􀀚􀃅􀈻 􀅉􀂿􀀄􀀺􀀺􀄅􀇢 􀀁􀀊􀁁􀀃􀀸 􀀆􀉴􀀛􀀃􀀏􀀁􀀠 􀀋􀀼􀅖􀀑􀌏􀂌􀀲􀀓􀁦􀀔􀀅􀂐􀇟􀀼􀀍􀁊􀀇􀀂􀀜􀁍􀄷􀆮􀂃􀀘􀀓􀀄􀀖􀁽􀀏􀀄􀃫􀌏 􀁎􀀣􀀍􀃟􀀪􀀦􀊍􀀎􀀽􀁉􀇣􀌄􀊠􀌏􀁪􀁫􀁼􀌏􀋫􀃍􀁧􀁍􀀆􀋶 􀂋 􀀙􀀂􀊸
􀀄􀀺􀀺􀀺􀀩􀄅􀁍􀇡􀇢􀌏 􀀆􀀐􀉴􀁀􀀛􀀞􀆨􀀃􀀏􀀁􀀜􀀠􀀎􀌏􀁋􀀋􀃃􀀼􀌏􀅖 􀀢􀉪􀁋 􀀙􀀇􀀅 􀃞􀊻 􀀈􀇝 􀀃􀀷 􀀃􀀅􀀆
􀄰􀈯􀆋􀃔􀌏 􀀆􀂁􀁻􀋗􀋠􀀚􀁉􀈤􀀃􀊚􀌏 􀀍􀊵􀀒􀉉􀀆􀀞􀀞􀀞􀀘􀀎􀀇􀀄􀀟􀃲􀀜􀂓􀌏 􀀎􀀉􀀈􀀁􀌏 􀈊􀀱􀁾􀊄􀀙􀃚􀈡􀃁􀄬􀀓􀃎􀋅􀌏􀄭
Annex 18
328
􀃏􀀁􀉀􀉈 􀆊􀀔􀀆􀇧􀀄􀀈􀄐􀉈 􀀇􀀅􀉈􀀞􀀁􀀂􀈪􀀓􀄲􀀊􀁚􀀁􀀄􀃪􀄵􀀌􀉈 􀀱􀀍􀀋􀅛􀀅􀀈􀉈􀀊􀅟􀁁􀀂􀁉􀉈􀀍􀀃􀀅􀀦􀀁􀀁􀀎􀉈􀀎􀀍􀉈 􀀖􀄓􀀁􀀈􀉈 􀀂􀀆􀆅􀀉􀉈􀉈􀄋􀁪􀃊􀉈􀀿􀃣􀅿􀀄􀃦􀅞􀉈 􀀃􀀖􀄶􀀞􀉈 􀀲􀅺􀂼􀀅􀉈􀀿􀂊􀁄􀁖􀀻􀀅􀀈􀁬􀄌 􀀃􀁫􀀆􀉁􀉈􀉈 􀀦􀀴􀀢􀀆􀀛􀂀 􀃠􀃉􀀶􀂽􀂜􀂞􀉈
􀃑􀂋􀆙􀀁􀉈􀀳􀇨􀀊􀂉􀇼􀃘􀁡􀀅􀀴􀀃􀀵􀀁􀃤􀃃􀉈􀄍􀃡􀀢􀉈􀀕􀉈􀃔􀀁􀀍􀁠􀇣􀁣􀀏􀀂􀉈􀉈 􀀃􀀚􀀆􀀈􀀁􀉈􀆆􀂴􀀔􀀌􀉈 􀀃􀀙􀀊􀁨􀅹􀀓􀀂􀀅􀀨􀉈􀉈 􀀧􀁍􀀂􀀂􀉈􀀃􀀊􀀊􀀅􀀎􀀇􀉈 􀀁􀀂􀀉􀀄􀉈􀀂􀀃􀀉􀉈􀀆􀃗􀉈􀀢􀂰􀉈􀃕􀀟􀃈􀀳􀀂􀀛􀀛 􀁟􀃈􀀈􀀁􀃽􀀎􀁶􀄌 􀉈􀁗􀀉􀀐􀀁􀀝􀀙􀂥􀈧􀀌􀀁􀉈􀀧􀀂􀀋􀀌􀀃􀀅􀉈 􀁡􀂭􀀌􀉈 􀉈􀀁􀇄􀀂􀈜􀀃 􀀃􀆣􀁝􀀂􀉈􀀁􀂩􀉈 􀉈􀀎􀆋􀀊􀀄􀂌􀉈􀀔􀀑􀃷􀀨􀄌 􀂠􀀁􀀁􀉈 􀀂􀀍􀀌􀀂􀂴􀉈 􀁃􀀜􀄌􀈟􀀷􀉈􀇍􀁅􀃢􀀆􀀄􀄌􀆯􀀆􀉈􀀟􀉈 􀆌􀀂􀀃􀀂􀁋􀀋􀀅􀀁􀁷􀀐􀉈􀀅􀉈 􀆭􀆰􀇖􀀭􀅪􀀂􀃬􀀕􀉈 􀀆􀉈 􀀃􀈫􀅬􀀆􀉄􀉈􀂇􀀙􀅵􀄷􀀅􀀸􀁑􀉈􀄯􀀁􀀈􀈠􀉈 􀁝􀀔􀀓􀀅􀉈􀀎􀀥􀉈 􀀏􀀣􀀇􀄨􀀄􀀋􀁥􀀰􀄌􀀺􀇫􀀂􀀂􀇩􀉈􀆚􀁸􀉈 􀀎􀁤􀃫􀉈 􀃋􀀒􀀁􀀱􀆍􀀁􀀖􀉈􀀇􀇌􀀂􀀄􀀅􀀁􀉈􀀕􀉈􀄛􀄕􀁖􀀁􀀍􀀐􀉈􀀁􀀇􀇪􀀁􀉈 􀀟􀉈 􀀆􀀛 􀇒􀀔􀀆􀉈 􀀓􀀁􀉈 􀇋􀄸􀀍􀀂􀉈 􀀉􀀂􀀈􀉈 􀀔􀇽􀅭􀀇􀅶􀁥􀀅􀄱􀀁􀂍􀉈
􀁢􀂊􀉈 􀀇􀄚􀉈 􀉈􀄹􀇐􀀆􀁇􀈡􀆲􀂗􀅥􀆨􀀁􀀓􀄮􀉈 􀀩􀇇􀄭􀀏􀀦􀉈􀉈 􀀣􀀈􀀇􀀅􀀒􀀠􀄔􀇬􀈦􀀏􀉈 􀉈􀀃􀀂􀀘􀀇􀀌􀉈􀉈 􀀟􀀄􀀋􀀁􀁜􀄩􀆗􀀹􀉈􀀁􀇻􀉈􀅧􀉈 􀄻􀈬􀀚􀇾􀀁􀄼􀉈 􀀌􀀧􀈹􀀂􀉈􀅮􀈼􀀩􀀌􀀗􀀇􀉈 􀀇􀀁􀀁􀆈􀀆􀀉􀉈􀄺􀉈 􀀑􀇭􀅩􀀋􀄽􀀄􀀽􀁮􀁂􀉈􀉈 􀈲􀁎􀈁􀅂􀄾􀇿􀇝􀀮􀀈􀀋􀀁􀀄􀁂􀆳􀂎􀉈􀀯􀀪􀃀􀀹􀀉􀀇􀈑􀄿􀀆􀉈􀇮􀉈􀀒􀅤􀀑􀆦􀄆􀀇􀀍􀉈 􀁓􀁆􀅝􀀴􀄌 􀀉􀅀􀀬􀁺􀉈􀄢􀈒􀁯􀀏􀅁􀀌􀁌􀈀􀀐􀀂􀀈􀀃􀃿􀀂􀉈􀀃􀀖􀃬􀀁􀂵􀀕􀇡􀂄􀀉􀉈 􀀃􀀊􀁯􀅃􀂧􀀇􀀕􀉈􀄈􀀍􀄌 􀀅􀀆􀁀􀀓􀆴􀉈 􀀇􀀒􀀖􀀊􀀌􀀑􀀒􀀭 􀃸􀄌 􀀐􀀋􀀁􀉈􀀎􀀏􀀆􀀭 􀆄􀃛􀀖􀂳􀂘􀆕􀀂􀆱􀉂􀉈 􀀃􀁉􀀍􀁈􀁕􀁳􀉈 􀀁􀉈 􀀋􀆤􀈂􀀆􀇢 􀀁􀀒􀀂􀀋􀀃􀆵􀆧􀀄􀀅 􀀂􀀗􀉈 􀀂􀆜􀉈 􀇯􀀔􀉈 􀁘􀄙􀀂􀉈 􀆎􀈶􀀉􀉈 􀀒􀀂􀀈􀀍􀄒􀉈 􀀅􀉈 􀀇􀀅􀉈 􀀇􀂵􀀂􀃭􀉈 􀀃􀀂􀉈 􀀊􀅄􀀇􀀁􀂁
􀁁􀃱􀀟􀂆􀄌 􀀔􀀁􀃙􀁙􀁰􀃜􀄌 􀂗􀃲􀂤􀂔􀀢􀂨􀂶􀄉􀁇􀂇􀄌 􀃹􀄌 􀀫􀀉􀄌 􀁞􀀯􀂋􀃾􀁈􀂅􀁱􀄌 􀂩􀁲􀁡􀁳􀃝􀀂􀄌􀀚􀁟􀁒􀂰􀄌 􀀪􀁓􀄌 􀁠􀂃􀀡􀂟􀃿􀀋􀄌
􀁪􀁴􀂘􀄌 􀂌􀁉􀂙􀂷􀄃􀃣􀁵􀀵􀀾􀀶􀀿􀁃􀄌 􀁢􀃏􀃮􀀁􀄌 􀁶􀁊􀄌 􀀸􀃞􀁷􀂪􀀌􀀂􀀅􀀑􀄌 􀄎􀉈 􀂡􀂍􀃡􀂸􀄌 􀃤􀂎􀀆􀂢􀃋􀀈􀄌 􀀧􀀗􀁕􀄌 􀂕􀀃􀀄􀂹􀂱􀁝􀄌
􀀂􀃌􀉈 􀀺􀀒􀆶􀀂􀀞􀁒􀉈 􀅻􀅾􀃚􀀈􀉈 􀀂􀂟􀉈 􀃖􀀁􀀈􀈃􀀆􀂏􀉈 􀀗􀉈 􀇆􀀁􀀈􀉈􀈄􀃺􀆥􀈅􀀁􀉈 􀀌􀀂􀄣􀅅􀇰􀀑􀀮􀀊􀀁􀉈 􀂠􀀌􀁃􀈆􀃮􀂡􀄖􀉈􀈤􀉈􀀇􀈓􀁦􀉈 􀀦􀀡􀀛􀀥􀀟􀀭 􀀞􀀧􀀨􀀙􀀭 􀀜􀀣􀀩􀀘􀀄􀀭 􀀁􀀂􀀆􀀄􀀇 􀀠􀀁􀀝􀀚􀀢􀀭 􀁸􀀥􀄂􀃐􀃥􀄆􀄌 􀈮􀂨􀉈 􀁋􀂏􀄄􀃦􀃯􀁔􀀤􀁹􀄌 􀀂􀀈􀀓􀀬􀀉􀀍􀀐􀀔􀀃􀀪
􀀓􀂐􀂫􀀃􀄊􀃧􀀠􀁺􀀁􀃑􀂳􀉈 􀅆􀁻􀂑􀇗􀈷􀂺􀂲􀉈 􀀊􀁏􀀣􀁻􀀞􀀓􀈳􀀳􀈇􀄌􀀅􀆁􀃺􀄌􀃾􀀃􀃆􀀝􀇱􀀜􀉈􀁐􀄤􀅇􀅰􀆝􀀤􀉈 􀀒􀉈 􀀈􀁣􀀚􀃇􀀠􀄊􀀈􀄌 􀃉􀃒􀃯􀉈􀀱􀀁􀈈􀂬􀃰􀀌􀀏􀀈􀂝􀇜􀆂􀈉􀉈 􀀁􀄌 􀈔􀇘􀅯􀅉􀈣􀄈􀅸􀅈􀇤􀀎􀀍􀉈 􀀐􀀄􀀘􀀰􀃱􀀌􀄪􀀂􀆷􀀎􀀮􀄀􀀛􀀋􀀕􀉈􀀛􀈊􀀠 􀀔􀀁􀀠􀁍􀀅􀈱 􀆏􀇦􀀂􀆞􀉈 􀁌􀈋􀃲􀄌 􀉈􀀓􀀍􀃳􀁒􀄌 􀉅􀁤􀁛􀉈 􀀙􀄂􀂈􀂻􀅊􀄌􀉈 􀄜􀇸􀆹􀈝􀂖􀉈􀈭􀀏􀀅􀂜􀀉􀀨􀉈􀁍􀃢􀃨􀁎􀆃􀂞􀁥􀀂􀀭􀉈 􀂃􀂭􀄌 􀀠􀃻􀂸􀄌 􀄋􀆟􀈴􀁼􀁢􀂮􀉈􀃟􀁽􀈵􀂝􀃓􀀩􀀁􀀂􀃗􀀃􀁦􀂖􀀘􀀮􀂯􀀙􀄌 􀁧􀂼􀃛􀂽􀄌 􀃘􀀋􀂛􀀂􀄀􀁏􀄌 􀀽􀆸􀂧􀁠􀀤􀀡􀂂 􀀁􀀂
􀀝􀄌 􀁂􀂾􀀑􀂿􀄌 􀃎􀄌􀀁􀁮􀄌 􀃌􀀈􀃔􀄌 􀃩􀄅􀃪􀃀􀄌 􀁾􀃠􀄌􀀽􀃰􀁫􀂒􀁜􀄌 􀃵􀄌 􀃆􀁨􀀉􀀦􀃕􀀍􀃁􀄌 􀇎􀉈 􀃂􀁿􀄇􀀄􀄌 􀀬􀀛
􀀌􀀁􀇹􀉈􀀃􀅋􀅼􀉈 􀂾􀃜􀃙􀃥􀃄􀀵􀉈􀀁
􀀄􀀲􀀜􀀉􀈕􀀟􀀛􀉈 􀀠􀆺􀄗􀀕􀀍􀄡􀀉􀀖􀀞􀄇􀀏􀀙􀈌􀅌􀀁􀀝􀉈 􀁰􀀑􀀏􀀗􀁔􀀉􀀂􀀄􀀊􀂱􀀆􀈍􀅽􀅍􀀓􀀁􀉈 􀂄􀄫􀀋􀆖􀅷􀁄􀀫􀀄􀀁􀉈 􀀁􀉈􀇑􀀁􀇊􀀁􀁴 􀂅􀀉􀀰􀉈 􀃼􀈞􀆒􀅱􀀌􀀩􀃳􀀄􀀐􀀁􀉈 􀀃􀀂􀉈 􀇙􀅎􀄥􀄏􀄝􀀋􀀁􀃴􀁼
􀇉􀉈􀅫􀉈 􀀡􀃻􀉈 􀇲􀀁􀃍􀈖􀀍􀅲􀈾􀀓􀉈 􀆛􀀉􀉈 􀃵􀅏􀇟􀁱􀈗􀇛􀀤􀂐􀉈
􀀺􀂓􀁐􀄌 􀀁􀀔􀄌 􀀁􀃶􀀐􀁬􀀆􀀇􀃫􀂂􀂥􀀎􀀇􀃭􀀁􀄌 􀀄􀀃􀄌 􀀲􀃊􀃚􀀒􀁩􀀂􀃍􀂚􀄌 􀀉􀂣􀂦􀁑􀄌 􀀃􀀅
􀀂􀀉􀀄􀆻􀃶􀉈 􀃃􀁗􀀎􀂀􀄌 􀇳􀅳􀈎􀀁􀅐􀉈 􀁚􀄌 􀀇􀀠 􀁭􀂁􀄌 􀀄􀁖􀄌 􀀼􀀃􀀞􀄌 􀀹􀀅􀀒􀁀􀀂􀀃􀄌 􀁈􀀏􀉈 􀃄􀀰􀃖􀂉􀀠􀀐􀄁􀁘􀃅􀄌 􀃴􀀇􀄌
􀃼􀀉􀀂􀄌 􀀍􀀅􀈏􀀄􀀁􀀂􀆠􀀐􀁔􀉈 􀁁􀀊􀃷􀉈 􀁭􀄞􀇥􀀊􀈯􀀼􀁇􀁄􀉈􀁩􀈺􀀄􀀋􀆔􀀁􀉈 􀅑􀀌􀉈 􀃐􀀥􀁙􀀘􀈩􀀋􀀫􀀇􀁓􀉈􀀤􀀭 􀆀􀀣􀉈 􀆼􀀁􀆪􀀂􀇞􀀱􀀅􀀍􀀊􀂮􀀌􀉈 􀀆􀀉􀀁􀀕􀉈 􀀄􀀋􀅔􀀁􀀬􀀆􀆫􀉈􀆐􀅒􀀜􀉈􀆮􀀃􀀂􀁌􀅢􀂤􀉈 􀂯􀀥􀀜􀅕􀀄􀃎􀆿􀀋􀉈􀁦􀀊􀀅􀆡􀁋􀁞􀀂􀉈􀀘􀇚􀅜􀄬􀁞􀅖􀉈􀀔􀀘􀆽􀂙􀀌􀉈􀁽􀉈􀇔􀈙􀇓􀀂􀈘􀉈􀀂􀉈􀁅􀁚􀇀􀉈􀀂􀀯􀅴􀁏􀄰􀅗􀉈 􀈐􀃸􀄉􀂦􀅣􀇃􀂒􀀂􀉈 􀉈􀄁􀈚􀃧􀀌􀂲􀂚􀉈􀅓􀀌􀃹􀉆􀀄􀄃􀀝􀇠􀆾􀉇􀂶􀉈􀀁􀀖􀉈􀀃􀀁􀀂􀀈􀉈 􀁟􀆉􀀁􀈰􀀨􀉈􀀁􀀃􀉈 􀂬􀀆􀀸􀉈 􀀄􀀄􀀊􀀁􀇏􀁾􀉈 􀉈􀁗􀅠􀀯􀀈􀀁􀄑􀁘􀀁􀀍􀀭􀂪􀀆􀅘􀁎􀀁􀁲􀂛􀁜􀁕􀉈 􀀁􀇕􀈛􀆑􀀁􀀂􀉈􀀃􀀋􀀂􀀫􀀃􀉈􀀝􀀑􀂫􀇅􀉈 􀀃􀀜􀀂􀁙􀉈􀀑􀀄􀁛􀀁􀈥􀉈 􀀡􀀋􀈢􀀭􀆘􀀋􀀪􀁛􀀄􀃽􀀁􀀈􀀁􀀻􀀁􀉈 􀁣􀉈 􀉈􀇴􀀂􀀈􀀼􀁆􀀒􀉈􀄅􀁊􀁐􀄟􀇵􀀄􀀊􀀁􀀅􀀙􀀻􀁵􀀏􀂓􀀃􀂆􀀁􀉈 􀃝􀁤􀀁􀉈 􀀐􀉈 􀀉􀀅􀀄􀂢􀉈􀀂􀆩􀀇􀀁􀀊􀉈 􀀃􀀃􀀁􀀂􀉈􀀎􀀖􀀂􀀑􀂷􀉈􀀈􀉈􀃁􀃇􀀗􀇈􀆢􀀍􀀪􀀕􀉈􀇶􀀈􀂔􀉈􀅙􀀆􀃅􀆓􀄠􀉈 􀀚􀀁􀄄􀀇􀅚􀀁􀈿􀉈 􀀃􀁅􀁆􀀂􀉈􀀇􀀇􀀁􀀁􀀉􀀗􀉈􀉈􀀅􀉈􀅦􀂣􀀏􀀉􀀄􀉈 􀂹􀀁􀄳􀇷􀉈 􀀃􀁊􀀘􀀬􀈨􀀋􀀂􀀎􀆬􀀄􀀐􀀅􀀃􀄦􀀁􀀊􀈽􀀉􀉃􀉈􀁑􀀚􀉈 􀅡􀀁􀄴􀀈􀀾􀈻􀀍􀀅􀁿􀀆􀉈􀀛 􀇺􀂕􀉈
􀂿􀀑􀀚􀀊􀀄􀃓􀈸􀀃􀉈 􀀄􀀾􀀅􀀇􀀃􀀂􀀁􀉈 􀀆􀀇􀉈 􀁀􀀆􀀃􀄘􀀇 􀀒􀀁􀇂􀉈􀀇 􀀷􀆇􀉈 􀃩􀉈 􀇁􀀁􀅨􀁧􀉈 􀀊􀄧􀀁􀉈 􀀠􀂺􀃨􀃂􀃒􀃞􀀶􀂈􀂻􀀷􀃟􀀠􀉈
􀀋􀀗􀀕􀀭􀀫􀀅􀀭
􀆊􀆊􀀔􀀆􀇧􀇧􀀄􀀈􀄐􀃏􀃏􀀁􀀁􀀇􀉀􀉀􀉈􀀅􀀞􀀞􀉈 􀀁􀀁􀀂􀈪􀀓􀀓􀄲􀄲􀀊􀁚􀀁􀀁􀀄􀃪􀃪􀄵􀀌􀉈 􀀱􀀱􀀍􀅛􀅛􀀋􀀅􀀈􀀈􀉈􀀊􀀊􀅟􀁁􀀂􀁉􀁉􀉈􀀍􀀍􀀃􀀅􀀅􀀦􀀦􀀁􀀁􀀁􀀎􀉈􀀎􀀎􀀍􀉈 􀀖􀀖􀀖􀀖􀄓􀀁􀀁􀀈􀀈 􀀂􀀂􀀆􀆅􀆅􀀉 􀄋􀁪􀃊􀃊􀃊􀃊􀉈􀀿􀀿􀀿􀃣􀅿􀀄􀀄􀀄􀃦􀅞􀅞􀅞􀅞􀅞􀉈 􀀃􀀖􀀖􀀖􀀖􀄶􀀞􀀞􀀲􀅺􀂼􀂼􀂼􀀅􀉈􀀿􀀿􀀿􀀿􀂊􀁄􀁖􀁖􀁖􀁖􀁖􀁖􀁖􀁖􀁖􀀻􀀅􀀈􀀈􀀈􀁬􀁬􀁬􀁬􀀃􀀃􀁫􀀆􀉁􀉁􀉈􀉈􀉈 􀀦􀀦􀀴􀀢􀀆􀀆􀀛􀂀 Annex 18
329

Annex 19
Spanish Equatorial Provinces of Fernando Póo and Rio Muni, Forestry Section, Forestry
Concession of Miang River (District of Kogo) (28 January 1961)

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No. 1.003
Files that are transferred to Agronomists
[vertical text:
No.
Street: Name: Year
City:_________________________________________________________________________]
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COLONIZATION DEPARTMENT
FOREST SECTION
of the
SPANISH TERRITORIES OF THE GULF OF GUINEA
FILE No. _______
Concession Vasafri Roads
“Concession Elena Martin Bosch” Río Miang
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COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA
Forest Concession of Río Miang (Kogo District)
Scale = 1:20,000
Logging Zone in January 1954.
Translator’s Note: Key:
BOSQUE DEL ESTADO = STATE FOREST
SUPERFICIE – 2500 HAS. = SURFACE AREA = 2500 HA
RIO MIANG = MIANG RIVER
Río Bi = Bi River
Río Alán = Alán River
Río Fara = Fara River
Arroyo Bongolo = Bongolo Stream
Río Mich[illegible] = Mich[illegible] River
Río Mi[illegible] = Mi[illegible] River
BASE AUXILIAR DE TRABAJO = AUXILIARY WORK BASE
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EXPIRATION
AND
NOVATION
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RE: Forest concession novation file
116.-
/FE.
Encl.: -IIYOUR
EXCELLENCY:
I respectfully submit the attached file, in duplicate, for the fiveyear
novation that COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A., is requesting
for its 2,500-ha concession located in Río Miang, Cogo District.
If it is approved by your Authority, we ask that you send it to the
Directorate General of African Posts and Provinces, so that it may
decide as appropriate.
May God watch over you for many years.-
Río Benito, January 28, 1961.-
HEAD ENGINEER,
Signed: Arturo Saez Baz.
His Excellency the Governor General of the Equatorial Region.-
SANTA ISABEL.-
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COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. NOVATION
SURFACE AREA: 2,500 HECTARES
LOCATION: RIO MIANG.
TABLE OF CONTENTS OF DOCUMENTS.
Order No. CONTENT.-
1.- Copy of the BOP (Official Gazette of the Province) announcement announcing the
expiration.
2.- Certification of expiration date.
3.- Novation request by Antonio Zamora on behalf of Cia. Vasco Africana.
4.- Royal Order (RO) No. 878, granting the primitive lands.
5.- Certificate of registration in the Property Registry.
6.- Map.
7.- Certificate of measurement.
8.- Assessment for tax determination.
9.- Tax adjustment acceptance certificate.
10.- Document accepting minimum annual export obligations.
11.- Forest zone certification.
12.- Certificate of zero debt with the Tax Authority.
13.- Special novation conditions.
14.- Forest Service Report.
Río Benito, January 1961.-
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I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO,1 IN CHARGE OF THE FOREST
SERVICE OFFICE OF THIS EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That in the Official Gazette of this Equatorial Region, dated April 1, 1960, the following NOTICE
was published:
“Due to the expiration in the upcoming month of May of the 20-year term established in the conditions
of the forest concession granted by RO number 878 of December 10, 1929, to GONZALO SBARBI
MARTIN, the information of which is as follows:
CURRENT OWNER: Compañía Vasco Africana, S.A.
CONCESSION CLASS: Forest.
SURFACE AREA: 2,500 Hectares.
LOCATION: Río Miang (Cogo)
It is hereby notified that, within SIXTY (60) DAYS of the date of this notice in the Official Gazette of
these Provinces, the owners may invoke the renewal rights established in the Act of May 4, 1948.
If the above rights have not been exercised by the end of this period, the concession shall be
understood to be abandoned and, consequently, the corresponding expiration proposal shall be
submitted to His Excellency the Governor General of these Provinces.-
Río Benito, February 29, 1960.- INTERIM HEAD ENGINEER.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO, ON JANUARY
TWENTY-FOURTH, NINETEEN SIXTY-ONE, FOR ALL NECESSARY PURPOSES.
[signature]
1 Translator’s Note: A position at the Equatorial Guinean Forest Service.
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I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO, IN CHARGE OF THE FOREST
SERVICE OFFICE OF THIS EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That the following information was gathered from the file for the 2,500-ha concession located in
Río Miang, owned by “COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.”:
1. CONCESSION granted by RO No. 878 of 12-10-1929.
2. SURFACE AREA 2,500 ha.
3. CLASS AND TERM: Forest, for 20 years.
4. TERM START DATE: The date the maps were approved by His Excellency the Governor
General, this date being May 7, 1940.
5. EXPIRATION DATE: May 7, 1960.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO, ON JANUARY
TWENTY-FOURTH, NINETEEN SIXTY-ONE.-
[signature]
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[logo]
FOREST SERVICE
OF THE
PROVINCE OF THE
GULF OF GUINEA
RS No.
I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO, IN
CHARGE OF THE FOREST SERVICE OFFICE OF THE EQUATORIAL
REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That in the file for the 2,500-ha concession located in Río Miang
(Río Muni Province), owned by “COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.,”
there appears a document that reads as follows:
“Paid with 3 mobile stamps valued at 1 Pta each.- HIS EXCELLENCY:-
ANTONIO ZAMORA ARIZMENDI, of legal age, married, native of Güeñas
(Vizcaya) and resident of Puerto Iradier in Río Muni Province, on behalf of
Cía. Vasco Africana, S.A., also domiciled in Puerto Iradier, for which he
acts as the legal representative, respectfully SETS FORTH that: His client
is the concessionaire of 2,500 hectares in surface area of forest land
located in Río Miang in the Demarcation of Kogo, which was registered
with the Santa Isabel Property Registry on May 10, 1940, as property
number 211 on folio 196, Volume 70 of the General Archive and Book
Three of the Elobey Section.- There having appeared in the Official
Gazette of the Provinces of Fernando Póo and Río Muni number VII,
dated April 1, 1960, a Notice of initiation of the expiration file for the above
land, due to completion of the 20-year term since it was granted, and
since this term was insufficient to take full advantage of the timber riches
due to its complicated topography, he respectfully REQUESTS that: Cía
Vasco Africana, S.A., having fulfilled the necessary requirements, be
granted, under the provisions of the last paragraph of Article number 26 of
the Act of May 4, 1948, regulating the Guinean Property regime, a
novation for FIVE years for the above Forest Concession, under the
general and any other pertinent conditions.- Thank you, I hope that you
will consider this fairly and find it favorable. May God watch over you for
many years.- Puerto Iradier, on April sixteenth, nineteen sixty.- Antonio
Zamora Arizmendi.- His Excellency the Governor General of the
Equatorial Region.- Santa Isabel.-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO
BENITO, ON NOVEMBER THIRTIETH, NINETEEN SIXTY, FOR ALL
NECESSARY PURPOSES.
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ROYAL ORDER NUMBER EIGHT HUNDRED SEVENTY-EIGHT (878). His Excellency. In view of the
file initiated due to the request dated February 12, 1928, submitted to the Directorate General of
Morocco and the Colonies, by Gonzalo Sbarbi Martin, requesting the concession of 2,500 hectares of
land for logging in the Muni territory, within the determined boundaries: Whereas there were no bidders
when the defined land was put up for auction. Considering that, pursuant to the provisions on auctions
in Article 24 of the Regulation on the Property Regime in that Colony, when there are no bidders at an
auction, the auctioned land shall be awarded to the person who requested it. Considering that this
concession is to be made in accordance with Articles 20 and 21 of the Royal Decree (RD) of June 11,
1904; Royal Decree of May 5, 1926; Royal Order of August 1, 1928; and other related provisions on the
subject with regard to private, communal and Indigenous property, existing in the granted land on the
date of its award. His Majesty the King (may God preserve him) has seen fit to order: 1. Gonzalo Sbarbi
Martin is granted, for the term of twenty years and payment of one peseta per hectare and year, TWO
THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED (2,500) hectares of land from the private property of the State in
Continental Guinea and locality of Río Miang, next to Mebonde within the following boundaries: To the
North, with the State forest, by a line parallel to the Miang River, twelve thousand five hundred meters
long and located one thousand meters from said Miang River; to the South, with the State forest, by
another line parallel to the North line of equal length, one thousand meters from the Miang River; to the
East, with the State forest, by a line starting from the end of the North line that joins the South line of a
length of two thousand meters, this line being cut through its center by the Miang River; and to the
West, with the State forest, by another line parallel to the East line, from North to South of equal length,
with the Miang River in its center. Within the above demarcation, the surface area corresponding to the
communal and Indigenous communities as of the award date is to be separated.- 3. [sic] This
concession is made in accordance with the cited legal provisions, those in the auction specifications,
and other relevant legal precepts. By Royal Order, I inform Your Excellency for your knowledge and
relevant purposes.- May God watch over you for many years.- Madrid, December 10, 1929.- Signed:
The Director General. Signed: Diego Saavedra.
[signature]
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I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO, IN CHARGE OF THE FOREST
SERVICE OFFICE OF THIS EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That the following information appears in the file for the 2,500-ha forest concession granted to
GONZALO SBARBI MARTIN by RO number 878 dated December 10, 1929, today the property of
“COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.”:
Registration 1 of May 10, 1940, folio 184, of volume 70 of the General Archive, book three of Elobey,
property 211. Registered in the name of Gonzalo Sbarbi Martin.
Registration 6 – December 30, 1944, folio 196 of volume 70 of the General Archive, book three of
Elobey, property 211. Registered in the name of “Compañia Vasco Africana, S.A.”
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO, ON JANUARY
TWENTY-FOURTH, NINETEEN SIXTY-ONE.-
[signature]
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MAP OF THE FOREST CONCESSION
OF CIA. VASCO AFRICANA
LOCATED IN RIO MIANG (KOGO)
SURFACE AREA 2500 HA
THIS IS A COPY
RIO BENITO, JANUARY 1961
HEAD ENGINEER OF THE FOREST SERVICE Scale: 1:20,000
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Translator’s Note: Key:
BOSQUE DEL ESTADO = STATE FOREST
Río Bi = Bi River
Río Alán = Alán River
Río Fara = Fara River
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I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO, IN CHARGE OF THE FOREST SERVICE
OFFICE OF THIS EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That in the file for the 2,500-ha forest concession of Elena Martin Bosch, located in Río Miang
(Río Muni Province), today the property of COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A., there appears a
document that reads as follows:
FERNANDO MARTINEZ GONZALEZ, SURVEYOR, HEREBY CERTIFIES: That as a surveyor
appointed to demarcate and define the concession of ELENA MARTIN BOSCH, statutory heir of
GONZALO SBARBI MARTIN, the following field operations were performed following the paths made
by the concessionaire, accompanied by her representative, Jacinto Navarro Franco, using a “LAGUNA
DE RINS” degree compass by continuous stations.-
The measurement was done and yielded a surface area of TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED
HECTARES (2,500), without giving rise to the delimitation of any towns, as none exist in the referenced
concession.-
The limits of the concession, the map of which is enclosed in this file, are the following:
NORTH.- State forest
SOUTH.- State forest
EAST.- Miang River and State forest
WEST.- State forest.
In witness whereof, I issue this document in Bata on January 15, nineteen forty, for all necessary
purposes.-“
Signed: Fernando Martinez. Initialed.”-
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO, ON JANUARY
FIFTH, NINETEEN SIXTY-ONE, FOR ALL NECESSARY PURPOSES.-
[signature]
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ASSESSMENT OF THE
NOVATION OF THE FOREST CONCESSION OF
CIA. VASO AFRICANA, S.A.
SURFACE AREA: 2,500 HA.
A) LOCATION.
The concession at hand is located in the Cogo District of Río Muni Province, between parallels
and and meridians in forest zone “B.”
B) LIMITS:
North: State forest.
South: Id.
East: Miang River.
West: State forest.
C) SURFACE AREA:
The granted surface area is 2,500 ha.
D) LEGAL SITUATION:
Granted by RO No. 878 of December 10, 1929; term 20 years. Registered in the Property
Registry on May 10, 1940; the final map was approved on the 7th of the same month and year and the
legal term of the concession began starting at that time. Therefore, it will end on May 7 of the year
1960.
From that point on and with the stocks that were calculated at that time, we performed this
assessment.
E) HISTORY OF THE CONCESSION. The concession was granted to Gonzalo Sbarbi Martin
and, following his death, to his mother Elena Martin Bosch. In 1944, it passed to Cia. Vasco Africana,
and is registered in the Property Registry on folio 196, volume 70 of the General Archive, book 3 of
Elobey, property No. 211.
This concession has been logged; it may be considered to have been logged for 15 years.
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- 2 -
SURVEY.
We toured the entire concession and found it to be extremely uneven and very difficult to log. Its
only access is the Utamboni River up to the limit of the tide, from this point there departs a road of
some 8 km with a complicated route that brings us up to [typo] of the concession located in the same
limit and from there, by roads that are difficult to traverse to unlogged zones.
After duly exploring the concession, we arrived at the conclusion that, due to the enormous
differences in richness between some parcels and others, the deviations are greater than those
admissible in 1st and 2nd class timber; however, for 3rd and 4th class timber, we obtained measurements
of 2.4 m3 and 21 m3 per hectare, respectively, measurements that are practically fixed for the entire
concession.
We also arrived at the conclusion that one-tenth of the concession surface area, i.e., some 250
ha, has not been logged at all; and that there is another some 250 ha from which only 1st class timber
has been extracted, leaving some 10 m3 approximately every 3 ha. In the remaining 2,000 ha, only 3rd
and 4th class timber remains along with some occasional sticks of 1st and 2nd class timber that have
been calculated at 2 m3 for the former and 2.5 m3 for the latter, both stocks per hectare.
ASSESSMENT.
In view of the foregoing, we concluded that we need to distinguish between three types of
forest: one that has not been logged at all, 250 ha; another from which only 1st class timber has been
logged, another 250 ha; and the rest, up to 2,500 ha, that has been completely logged.
We assessed the three types of forest separately: 1.- Unlogged forest.- For 1st class timber, we
use the method we believe is most appropriate in this case, which is the following:
Using the data at the Forest Service, which has been fully confirmed by the logging reports from
the past seven years, we arrived at the annual average of extracted timber. Since at this concession,
for each cubic meter of roundwood, there should be two of growing stock, we used this to get
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- 3 -
the amount felled as an annual average. This was multiplied by fifteen years of logging. From this, we
obtained the total of 2,250 logged hectares and, consequently, the average per hectare, which
coincides with the hectares that have not been logged.
Therefore, the average per hectare of 1st class timber shall be:
Annual average extracted 3,207,572 m3.
Annual average felled 6,415,144 m3.
Total stock in 2,250 ha: 6,415,144 m3 x 15 years.
Average 1st class timber: 6,415,144 x 15 = 42.77 m3 x ha
2,250
Similarly, for 2nd class timber, only changing 2,250 to 2,000:
Annual average extracted 2,142,857 m3.
Annual average felled 4,285,714 m3.
Total stock in 2,000 ha: 4,285,714 m3 x 15 years.
Average 2nd class timber: 4,285,714 x 15 = 32,142 m3 x ha
2,000
For 3rd and 4th class timber, we used, for all hectares, the average obtained directly from the
survey, i.e., 2.4 m3 for 3rd class and 21 m3 for 4th class.
Assessment of the 250 unlogged hectares:
Value of one hectare.
1st class timber 42.77 m3 x 33 Ptas = 1,411.41 Ptas
2nd class timber 32.142 m3 x 25 Ptas = 803.55 Ptas
3rd class timber 2.400 m3 x 16 Ptas = 38.40 Ptas
4th class timber 21.000 m3 x 12 Ptas = 252.00 Ptas
Total.- 2,505.36 Ptas
250 ha x 2,505.36 Ptas = 626,340.00 Ptas
Assessment of the 250 partially logged hectares:
Value of one hectare.
1st class timber 3.3 m3 x 33 Ptas = 100.00 Ptas
2nd class timber 32.145 m3 x 25 Ptas = 803.55 Ptas
3rd class timber 2.400 m3 x 16 Ptas = 38.40 Ptas
4th class timber 21.000 m3 x 12 Ptas = 252.00 Ptas
Total.- 1,193.95 Ptas
250 ha x 1,193.95 Ptas = 298,487.50 Ptas
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- 4 -
Assessment of the 2,000 hectares that have been completely logged for 1st and 2nd class species.-
Value of one hectare.
1st class timber 2.0 m3 x 33 Ptas = 66.00 Ptas
2nd class timber 2.5 m3 x 25 Ptas = 62.50 Ptas
3rd class timber 2.4 m3 x 16 Ptas = 38.40 pts
4th class timber 21.0 m3 x 12 Ptas = 252.00 Ptas
Total.- 418.90 Ptas
2,000 ha x 418.90 Ptas = 837,800.00 Ptas
The prices applicable in this assessment are those approved by the General Government in
March 1956.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCESSION:
Unlogged forest 626,340.00 Ptas
Partially logged forest 298,487.00 Ptas
Completely logged forest 837,800.00 Ptas
TOTAL 1,762,627.00 Ptas
This assessment of the concession is issued to novate the 2,500 ha of Cia. Vasco Africana,
located in Río Miang, for the amount of ONE MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED SIXTY-TWO THOUSAND
SIX HUNDRED TWENTY-SEVEN PESETAS (1,762,627.00 Ptas).-
Río Benito, October 1960.-
FORESTER, HEAD OF THE FOREST SERVICE.
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TAX DETERMINATION.
We have based our tax determination on the following:
Term of novation: 5 years.
Flat tax per ha and year: 15.00 Ptas
Number of trees:
1. Logged forest:
1st and 2nd class timber: 1 tree x ha
3rd and 4th class timber: 9 trees x ha
2. Partially logged forest:
1st and 2nd class timber: 8 trees x ha
3rd and 4th class timber: 9 trees x ha
3. Unlogged forest:
1st and 2nd class timber: 17 trees x ha
3rd and 4th class timber: 9 trees x ha
Tax for 1 ha for 1st class.
2 V = 279.26 Ptas
3
15.00 Ptas x 5 years = 75.00 Ptas
279.26 Ptas – 75.00 = 204.26.
Number of trees = 10
Tax per tree = 204.26 Ptas: 10 = 20.42 Ptas
Tax for 1 ha for 2nd class.
2 V = 795.97 Ptas
3
15.00 Ptas x 5 years = 75.00 Ptas
795.97 Ptas – 75.00 Ptas = 720.97
Number of trees = 17.
Tax per tree = 720.97 Ptas: 17 = 42.40 Ptas
Tax for 1 ha for 3rd class.
2 V = 1,670.24 Ptas
3
15.00 Ptas x 5 years = 75.00 Ptas
1,670.24 Ptas – 75.00 Ptas = 1,595.24
Number of trees = 26.
Tax per tree = 1,595.24: 26 = 61.35 Ptas
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...
To obtain a single tax, we weight the various taxes according to the number of hectares affected:
20.42 x 8 + 42.40 + 61.35 = 26.71 Ptas
10
TAX PER HECTARE AND YEAR = 15.00 Ptas
TAX PER TREE FELLED = 26.60 Ptas
Río Benito, October 1960
FORESTER, HEAD OF THE FOREST SERVICE.
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CERTIFICATE
In Río Benito, on October fifteenth, nineteen sixty, in the Offices of the Forest Service; on the
one hand, the Head Engineer of said Agency, Arturo Saez Baz, and on the other, the Legal
Representative of Compañia Vasco Africana, S.A., Antonio Zamora Arizmendi.
The purpose of this certificate is to establish the tax of the forest concession granted to Elena
Martin Bosch, today the property of Cia. Vasco Africana, S.A. by RO No. 878 of December 10, 1929, of
which the expiration due to the term’s conclusion was published in the Official Gazette of the Provinces
on April 1, 1960, which the above entity wishes to renew for the term of five years, according to the last
paragraph of Article 26 of the Act of May 4, 1948.
Mr. Zamora, on behalf of his client, accepts the novation tax set by the Forest Service for the
above concession, the amount of which is FIFTEEN (15.00) PESETAS per hectare and year and
TWENTY-SIX PESETAS and SIXTY CENTS (26.60 Ptas) per tree felled.
This document is signed at the place and time indicated above for all relevant purposes.-
HEAD ENGINEER OF THE FOREST SERVICE CIA. VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.
[signature] p.p.
[signature]
[stamp: PROVINCE OF THE GULF OF GUINEA
FOREST SERVICE
HEADQUARTERS]
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LM.-
I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO, IN CHARGE OF THE
FOREST SERVICE OFFICE OF THIS EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That in the file for the forest concession of “COMPAÑIA VASCO –
AFRICANA, S.A.,” there appears a document that reads as follows:
“‘COMPAÑIA VASCO – AFRICANA, S.A.’ – Logging in Spanish Guinea.- Puerto
Iradier, November 30, 1960.- Head Engineer of the Forest Service.- Río Benito.-
Dear Sir: The sole purpose hereof is to inform you of our agreement with the
proposed condition of a minimum production of 1,250 tons of timber per year for the
period of FIVE YEARS, which we have requested as a novation for the 2,500-ha
forest concession in our name located in Río Miang.- Having nothing further to add,
please accept my best regards. Your loyal servant.- CIA. VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.-
Signed and initialed, Alejandro de Irulegui.-‘”
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO,
ON JANUARY FIFTH, NINETEEN SIXTY-ONE, FOR ALL NECESSARY
PURPOSES.
[signature]
No. 3,504.- Power of attorney granted in Bilbao
on 10-25-1950, before Civil-Law
Notary Celestino Ma. del Arenal y G.
de Enterría.
Registered in the Santa Isabel Trade
Registry on 21-50 [sic]. Folio 127 V
book 8 – page 142 – Registration 17.-
Annex 19
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I, ARTURO SAEZ BAZ, FORESTER, HEAD OF THE FOREST SERVICE OF THE
EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That the forest concession whose holder is “COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.,” granted by
Royal Order of December 10, 1929, of a surface area of 2,500 hectares, located in Río Miang, is
located in forest zone “B” of this Province of Río Muni.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO, ON JANUARY
TWENTY-SEVENTH, NINETEEN SIXTY-ONE, FOR ALL NECESSARY PURPOSES.
[signature]
Annex 19
355
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I, SALVADOR FERNANDEZ CALVILLO, DASOGRAFO, IN CHARGE OF THE FOREST
SERVICE OFFICE OF THE EQUATORIAL REGION,
HEREBY CERTIFY:
That in the file of “COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.,” there appears a document that reads
as follows:
“National coat of arms and letterhead that says: Agency of the Tax Authority of the Provinces of
Fernando Poo and Río Muni.- Treasury.- One 7th class stamp for a value of 3 Ptas. I, JOSE ANTONIO
LEON SOTO, INTERIM TREASURER OF THE AGENCY OF THE TAX AUTHORITY OF THE
PROVINCES OF FERNANDO POO AND RIO MUNI, HEREBY CERTIFY: A review of the records in
this Office with regard to the firm VASCO AFRICANA, S.A., domiciled in Puerto Iradier, has shown that
to date, it has complied with all its commitments with the Provincial Tax Authority, AND HAS NO
PENDING DEBTS WITH SAID AUTHORITY.- In witness whereof, at the request of the interested party,
I hereby issue this certificate with the Approval of the Hon. Representative of the Tax Authority, in
Santa Isabel of Fernando Poo on December second, nineteen fifty-nine.- Signed: José Antonio León.-
APPROVED: THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TAX AUTHORITY, Jose Guerra Mateos, signed and
initialed.”
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, THIS CERTIFICATE IS ISSUED IN RIO BENITO, ON SEPTEMBER
THIRTIETH, NINETEEN SIXTY, FOR ALL NECESSARY PURPOSES.
[signature]
Annex 19
356
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SPECIAL CONDITIONS for the novation of the 2,500-ha forest concession requested by
COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.-
Forest located in forest zone “B.”
Location: Río Miang (Cogo District).
Novation term: 5 years, from May 7, 1960.
Freehold.
The concessionaire shall pay an annual tax of 15.00 pesetas per hectare and year and
TWENTY-SIX PESETAS and SIXTY CENTS (26.60) per tree felled.
Each year, the concessionaire shall extract exportable timber totaling no less than 1,250 tons,
barring justification of insufficient timber absorption by the market, general transport crisis or any other
duly justified cause of force majeure.
If, in any year after taking possession, the concessionaire does not meet the minimum tonnage
stipulated in the above paragraph, for whatever reason, five tons of cutting and extraction deficit shall
be calculated as equivalent to one tree, for the purposes of determining the tax that the Administration
shall collect on an annual basis, in addition to the flat tax by hectare.
Río Benito, January 27, 1961.-
HEAD ENGINEER OF THE FOREST SERVICE,
[signature]
Annex 19
357
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016 (212) 776-1713
www.waterstreettranslations.com [email protected]
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Elizabeth Eckardt, a linguist with
substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified by the
American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
09/26/22
Date
Annex 19
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Annex 20
Explanatory Note on the Installation of a Toran Station at a Point on One of the Spanish Islands
of Corisco, Bayna, or Laval, Petróleos del Africa Ecuatorial (29 December 1962)

TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
Port-Gentil, [in French] December 29, 1962
Explanatory notes regarding the installation of a Toran station at a point on one of the Spanish islands of
Corisco, Bayna, or Laval.
1st ) DESCRIPTION OF THE TORAN SYSTEM
This is a radio-topographic method that consists in four radio transmitter points. These two-by-two
centers disrupt their high frequency waves, resulting in phase differences that are a function of the positions
of the two points. For two centers, two points having the same phase difference create a hyperbola, which
is produced with the two other points of transmission. Given the phase difference at one point in each
system having two centers, the coordinates of this point can be deduced if the differences at the points are
known.
Exactitude in navigation and localization using this method is a function of:
a) The relative position of the four transmission points and their interrelationship.
b) The preciseness with which the coordinates of the four points is known.
This radio-topographic method is similar to the Shoran, Loras, or Deca methods, albeit with a few
differences, that are already in use by the Gulf company in Spanish Guinea.
2nd) LOCATION OF THE TWO TRANSMISSION CENTERS
For the reasons set forth, the transmission centers must be situated at well-defined geodesic points.
Moreover, they must be placed in such a way that the angle formed by the hyperbola of the two pairs of
two-by-two transmitters is less than 30 degrees.
In order for the Toran to cover the waters of Corisco and Mondah bays, which are located in
Gabonese territory, we have two geodesic points along the Gabonese coast whose usage must be
perfected by either of the two geodesic points on the Spanish islands so as to create the largest network of
waves in the simplest way possible.
Our interest in utilizing one of the points in Spanish territory is primarily due to the fact that it is both
the most practical and most precise solution.
Annex 20
387
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
3rd) DESCRIPTION OF ONE STATION
The station is comprised of two camping tents: one measuring 1m x 1m, and the other measuring
1.60 x 1 x 1.
In one, there is a 2 KVA generator. In the other, there is a continuous, 65-watt high-frequency radio
transmitter (or 13 watts in its abridged version) whose frequency is derived from among the following eight
frequencies:
- 1475 Khz
- 1500 Khz
- 1945 Khz
- 1990 Khz
- 1575 Khz
- 1685 Khz
- 1771 Khz
- 1980 Khz
A 12-meter-tall telescopic antenna is mounted next to the first tent. The total space necessary for
the full installation, winds, and lightning cable does not take up a full circle 20 meters in diameter.
This transmitter’s functioning is automatic. It does not require the presence of an operator.
The generator should be inspected periodically every three days.
In the event transmission stops, a technician can repair it within a couple hours.
4th) TIMES OF TRANSMISSION
The transmitter begins to transmit automatically every morning at 6:30 a.m., and likewise
automatically terminates around 7:00 p.m.
5th) WORK PERIOD
The expected duration of this work, and as a consequence, the permanence of the transmitters on
Spanish territory, would be around a month and a half. And this would occur during the period between the
first of June and the end of October.
6th) NECESSARY AUTHORIZATIONS
Permission to set up one of these stations on any of the islands in Corisco or Mbañe at one of the
presently existing geodesic points, noting that we would prefer the point that is:
a) The easiest to access for inspection and supply visits.
b) The most protected from the sea.
Authorization for one or two operators belonging to this Commission to travel to that island during
the work period, undertake the installation, and see to its functioning and supply.
Annex 20
388
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016 (212) 776-1713
www.waterstreettranslations.com [email protected]
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Matthew Bouillon, a linguist
with substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified
by the American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
09/26/22
Date
Annex 20
389

Annex 20
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Annex 20
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Annex 21
Letter No. 819 from the General Governor of the Equatorial Region to the Civil Governor of Rio
Muni concerning the Authorization for Installation of Radio and Topographical “Toran” Station
(22 July 1963)

TRANSLATION
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EQUATORIAL REGION
REGISTRY
Entered: 171-R
Date: 07-23-63
NAVAL MILITARY COMMAND
[Coat of Arms] CLASSIFIED
General Government
of the Equatorial Region
No. 819 SUBJECT: AUTHORIZATION FOR INSTALLATION OF RADIO AND
[illegible] SP/AF TOPOGRAPHICAL “TORAN” STATION
[illegible]
Honorable Sir:
TEXT: On today’s date, I do hereby state to Mr. PIERRE LEMAIRE, who, in his
capacity as representative of the company “PETROLEOS DEL AFRICA
ECUATORIAL,” requests the installation of a “TORAN” radio and
topographical station on the “Cocotero” islet, as follows:
“In regard to your letter dated on the 6th day of the current month, in which
you, in your capacity as representative of the company “Petroleos del
Africa Ecuatorial,” request authorization to proceed with the installation of
a “TORAN” topographical and radio station on the sovereign Spanish islet
of “Cocotero,” this General Government does so authorize this installation,
mindful of the obligations set forth on behalf of the company which you
represent…
1st.- The administrator of mines for Muni River Province shall be
empowered to inspect the authorized installations. In addition, the
aforementioned Company shall be obligated to deliver to said
administrator a summary of any research performed, indicating seismic
and bathymetric lines, as well as reflection and refraction profiles obtained
and an interpretation of their significance, as is customary with
authorizations of this type.
2nd.- For the establishment of the station as well as permits for inspection
and supply visits, and the assistance required to successfully carry out
such tasks, the Company shall coordinate with the pertinent naval
authority for the islet and the naval adjutant for Benito River.”
It is appropriate for that naval commander to give timely orders to the
naval adjutant for Benito River so that he may be in contact with the
aforementioned representative regarding the creation of that station and
any inspection and supply visits. Furthermore, a small detachment of
naval guard members shall be assigned to the islet where they shall
remain for the entire time that the TORAN station is in operation. For its
part, the Company shall give all manner of assistance necessary such
that the technical personnel designated by the mining delegation for Muni
River may travel to this islet specifically to conduct technical inspections
anytime they believe it necessary to do so.
It is advisable that the naval adjutant for Benito River travel to Cocotero
frequently, as the governmental delegate from Cogo shall also do. Both
shall reach agreement such that visits by one or the other are as frequent
as possible.
For reasons specific to border relations, the naval adjutant shall
coordinate with the governmental delegate from Cogo to act in accord in
all matters concerning such assistance, inspections, and monitoring.
Annex 21
395
TRANSLATION
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On Cocotero, the Spanish national flag will fly at all times that the French
TORAN station is active. Periodically, I will receive detailed reports
regarding such service.
I do hereby render this account to the Honorable Governor of Muni River
for purposes of coordination with governmental delegation from Cogo, the
mining delegation from Muni River, and the Muni River naval adjutant.
Technical information regarding the TORAN station to be established is
attached hereto.
May God Keep Your Excellency Many Years
Santa Isabel, July 22, 1963
THE GENERAL GOVERNOR
[illegible signature]
Francisco Nunez
[Seal of the General Government of the Equatorial Region]
Annex 21
396
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016 (212) 776-1713
www.waterstreettranslations.com [email protected]
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Matthew Bouillon, a linguist
with substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified
by the American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
___________________________________
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
07/25/22
___________________________________
Date
Annex 21
397

Annex 21
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Annex 21
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Annex 22
Equatorial Guinea, Forestry Service, Entry Register No. 4040 (16 September 1965)
(excerpt)

TRANSLATION
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[stamp]: FILE
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT PRESENTED BY THE FORESTRY SERVICE TO
COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. REGARDING THE FIRST SHIPMENT OF
TIMBER FROM THE 1,000 HAS. HARVEST ZONE IN THE STATE FOREST
AND THE AREA ADJACENT TO ITS 20,000 HAS. CONCESSION.
Pursuant to ruling number 12.321 issued by the President of the Autonomous
Government Council on November 4, 1965, authorizing harvesting from the 1,000 Has.
zone in the State Forest and area adjacent to its 20,000 Has. concession in Echam, and
pursuant to condition 3a) establishing the fees to be paid for various species, the
following statement of account is prepared by the Forestry Service for Compañía Vasco
Africana corresponding to the shipment made via Vapor Artagan:
2,546.77 c.m. of Okoume at 260.00 pesetas = 662,160.20 Pesetas
BILL IN THE AMOUNT OF SIX-HUNDRED, SIXTY-TWO THOUSAND ONE-HUNDRED
SIXTY PESETAS and TWENTY CENTS IS TO BE MADE AT THE FORESTRY
SERVICE OFFICE PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF CONDITION 4A) OF THE
RULING AUTHORIZING HARVESTING IN THE ZONE.
Rio Benito January 7, 1966
Chief Engineer
[signature]
COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. - PUERTO IRADIER
AUTONOMOUS GOVERNMENT
OF
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
FORESTRY SERVICE
Annex 22
403
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[stamp]: FILE
RATES FOR THE FIRST TIMBER SHIPMENT FROM THE 1,000 HAS. ZONE IN
THE STATE FOREST AND AREA ADJACENT TO THE 20,000 HAS.
CONCESSION IN ECHAM BELONGING TO THE COMPAÑIA VASCO
AFRICANA, S.A., TO BE PAID FOR TAGGING AND DELIVERY.
Pursuant to the provisions in condition 6a) of the ruling issued by the President of the
Autonomous Government Council authorizing Compañía Vasco Africana to harvest a
1,000 Has. zone in the State Forest, payment of the bill shall be made at the Forestry
Service Office for TAGGING and DELIVERY, in the amount set by the General
Government Ordinance dated August 25, 1951, Article 10, Section B).
Tagging rates:
First 100 c.m. at 3.30 pesetas . . . . 330.00
Second 100 c.m. at 3.00 pesetas . . . 300.00
Remaining 2,346.77 c.m. at 1.50 pesetas . . . 3,520.15
TOTAL TAGGING.. . . . 4,150.15 pesetas
Delivery rates:
(Estimated 2,546.77 x 1.25 pesetas/c.m.
= 3,183,462.50 pesetas)
First 5,000 pesetas at 2 cents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100.00
Remaining 3,178,462 pesetas at 1 cent . . . . . . 31,784.62
TOTAL DELIVERY . . . . . . . . 31,884.62 pesetas
TOTAL TAGGING AND DELIVERY RATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,034.77 pesetas
================================= ==============
TOTAL AMOUNT OF THIRTY-SIX THOUSAND THIRTY-FOUR PESETAS AND
SEVENTY-SEVEN CENTS CORRESPONDING TO THE FIRST SHIPMENT.
Rio Benito, January 7, 1966
Chief Engineer
[signature]
COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. PUERTO IRADIER
AUTONOMOUS GOVERNMENT
OF
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
FORESTRY SERVICE
Annex 22
404
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[
[stamp]: FILE
I request that you send the portion of the timber harvested last January from the
1,000 Has. harvest zone in Rio Miang as soon as possible, even if it is negative.
May God grant you many years.
Rio Benito, March 14, 1966
CHIEF ENGINEER
[signature]
COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. PUERTO IRADIER
hw]: I6F
[hw]: Number 551
er/jmn.
Annex 22
405
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PUERTO IRADIER
CITY HALL [stamp]:
Office of the Mayor
Number 295
Per your correspondence number 2.112 dated July 17 last; I am
pleased to forward to you the CENSUS of the towns in this District requested in
that correspondence, as well as the total number of inhabitants residing in
those towns.
I would also like to inform you that Nsengmiang is not included in the
registry of towns in this district.
May God grant you many years.
Puerto Iradier, August 7, 1964
THE MAYOR
[signature]
[stamp]: CITY HALL PUERTO IRADIER (Rio Muni)
MAYOR’S OFFICE
[signature]
Signed: Pedro Lehening Bondoro
FORESTRY SERVICE CHIEF ENGINEER – RIO BENITO
LOG ENTRY
Number 2465
August 10, 1964
FORESTRY SERVICE
Annex 22
406
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CENSUS OF INHABITANTS IN THE TOWNS LISTED AS REQUESTED BY
THE FORESTRY SERVICE.
NAME OF TOWN Men Women Boys Girls Total
ANGUMA-Osume 7 17 7 12 43
NGONEKIE-id 18 17 3 8 46
MBENAM-YESUC 8 11 5 7 31
ACANABOR-Abe 19 7 2 4 32
ACANABOR-Esenvus 3 4 2 2 11
TOTAL 55 56 19 31 163
Puerto Iradier, August 7, 1964,
THE MAYOR
Annex 22
407
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[handwritten page]:
Town reserves [illegible] 1,380 [illegible] Miang
Anguma (Osume) 43 inhabitants at 4 Has = 172 Has
Ngonekie (id.) 46 inhabitants at 4 Has = 184 “
Acanabor (Abe) 32 inhabitants at 4 Has = 128 “
Acanabor (Esenvus) 11 inhabitants at 4 Has = 44 “
Mbenam (Yesuc) 31 “ at 4 Has = 124 “
Total 163 inhabitants 652 Has
43
4
172
46
4
184
163 [crossed out]
32 4
4 652
128 [illegible] request 1345 Has.
31 “ reserves 652
4 [illegible] free 693 Has.
124
Annex 22
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[stamp]:
Following your correspondence number 2.113 dated the 17th of this month
and regarding the request made by the Service regarding the Vasco Africana
[as in original] S.A. company, on the back of this letter you will find
information on the towns and their inhabitants.
The town of Ndyegmiang is not included in the town census.
May God grant you many years.
Puerto Iradier, July 22, 1964
GOVERNMENT DELEGATE
[signature]
[stamp]: PROVINCE OF RIO MUNI
GOVERNMENTAL DELEGATION OF COGO
PUERTO IRADIER
FORESTRY SERVICE CHIEF ENGINEER.RIO BENITO
LOG ENTRY
Number 2275
July 23, 1964
FORESTRY SERVICE
GOVERNMENTAL DELEGATION OF COGO
PUERTO IRADIER
Rio Muni
Number 1636
Annex 22
409
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COMPAÑIA VASCO – AFRICANA, S. A.
LOGGING OPERATIONS IN SPANISH GUINEA
C/c
BANCO DE VIZCAYA, BILBAO CENTRAL: PUERTO IRADIER (RIO MUNI)
BANCO ESPAÑOL DE CRÉDITO, BILBAO
BANCO EXTERIOR DE ESPAÑA, BILBAO ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE: BILBAO
BANCO EXTERIOR DE ESPAÑA, PUERTO IRADIER DIPUTACION, 4 TELEPHONE: 14735
MS/mn. Puerto Iradier, July 21, 1964
Forestry Service [stamp]:
Chief Engineer
Rio Benito
Dear Sir:
With regard to the conversation with you on the 10th of his month regarding your
visit to Rio Miang in order to measure and assess a plot of land measuring some 1,380
Has., which, as you know, is of vital importance to us, as it is crossed by a road, and
given the delay due to the rugged terrain in the “Alejandro” concession.
For that reason and given your kindness when meeting with us the other day, we
would like to remind you of your promise to confirm the date you believe is most
convenient either for you or the persons designated by you to travel, with the aim of
being as prepared as possible for the work to be done.
We thank you very much for your prompt response.
Most sincerely,
[stamp]: COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.
[signature]
TELEGRAMS
VASAFRI
RADIOS
MOSSE
KEYS
A. B. C. 5 TH. ED.
LOG ENTRY
Number 2288
July 22, 1964
FORESTRY SERVICE
Annex 22
410
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[hw]: Number 2113
In order to better provide in a matter related to the Compañía Vasco
Africana’s forest concession, I request that you kindly facilitate a census
of the inhabitants of the following towns:
NDYENGMIANG
MBENAM
NGONEKIE (there are two towns with this name)
ACANABOR (there are two towns with this name)
ANGUMA.
May God grant you many years.
Rio Benito, July 17, 1964
CHIEF ENGINEER
[signature]
Government Delegate of the District of Cogo. P. Iradier
ah/je.
Annex 22
411
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[hw]: Number 2112
In order to better provide in a matter related to the Compañía Vasco
Africana’s forest concession, I request that you kindly facilitate a census
of the inhabitants of the following towns:
NDYENGMIANG
MBENAM
NGONEKIE (there are two towns with this name)
ACANABOR (there are two towns with this name)
ANGUMA.
May God grant you many years.
Rio Benito, July 17, 1964
CHIEF ENGINEER
[signature]
Mayor-City Council Chair of PUERTO IRADIER.
ah/je.
Annex 22
412
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[stamp]:
[stamp]: COPY
His Excellency, the President of the Autonomous Government Council of
Equatorial Guinea, in dispatch number 10.195 dated the 10th of this month, states as
follows:
“Given the request signed by MR. ANTONIO ZAMORA ARISMENDI, on behalf of
the COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. requesting authorization to harvest the
existing standing timber in a 1,000-00-00 Has. zone in the State Forest and adjacent to
its 20,000-00-00 Has. concession in Echam (District of Puerto Iradier and Acurenam),
pursuant to the limits marked and delimited in the diagram accompanying his request;
Pursuant to the report contained in Your Excellency’s dispatch number 536 dated
August 25 last, the President of the Government Council has resolved to grant that
request, with the following conditions: 1. The COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A. shall
conduct logging on that plot of land for a maximum period of one year, beginning on the
date of its communication with a minimum extension of 10,000 cubic meters of
commercial timber. 2. Trees tagged and considered commercial and in compliance with
minimum diameter requirements established by current legislation shall be subject to
harvest. 3. For the timber that has been thus tagged, the Company shall pay the
Administration the following fees per cubic meter of round wood that, once felled and
split can be harvested, based on the quality classification established by the Guinea
Lumber Union and currently in force- Okoume, Embero, and first-rate quality 260
pesetas per m3 – Finishing wood and third- and fourth-rate quality timber, 125.- pesetas
per m3. 4. Monthly payments shall be made by the Forestry Service for the timber
shipped, to the Forestry Improvement Fund. 5. In the event of non-compliance with
minimum harvest conditions established in the first point for any reason not attributable
to the Administration, the Company shall be bound to satisfy a final payment of the
difference of the volume actually harvested at the minimum established rate of 150.00
pesetas per cubic meter of the difference. 6. The COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA, S.A.
shall pay the corresponding tagging and delivery fees to the Forestry Service. 7. The
Forestry Service shall be responsible for monitoring and control of the logging authorized
and establish the appropriate complaint and initiate corresponding sanction files in case
of the company’s failure to comply with the stipulated conditions. 8. Once the logging of
existing commercial timber in the area is completed, this must be certified by the
Forestry Service, the tagging shall be considered extinguished, and full possession of
the remaining land shall revert to the Administration. This is for your information and that
of the interested party.”
I am forwarding the above to you for your information, that of the interested party,
and other corresponding purposes.
May God grant you many years.
Santa Isabel, September 16, 1965
ADVISOR
Signed: Luis Rondo Maguga Rolé
FORESTRY SERVICE CHIEF ACCIDENT ENGINEER. RIO BENITO
LOG ENTRY
Number 4040
NOVEMBER 29, 1965
FORESTRY SERVICE
AUTONOMOUS GOVERNMENT
OF
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Ministry of Agriculture
Livestock and Forestry
SEC.___________
REF. SECRETARY PART.
NUMBER ___2115___
FNO.-
Annex 22
413
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GOVERNMENTAL DELEGATION
OF COGO
Puerto Iradier
[stamp]:
Number 2056
I have the honor of submitting to you for the resolution you deem appropriate a
request signed by the Second Chief of the Osume tribe, Mr. Antonio Nse Bacale,
on behalf of the inhabitants of his jurisdiction claiming land requested by the
gentlemen who express themselves therein.
May God grant you many years.
Puerto Iradier, October 22, 1964
GOVERNMENT DELEGATE
[signature]
[hw]: Is in the [illegible] zone
FORESTRY SERVICE CHIEF ENGINEER.
RIO BENITO
LOG ENTRY
Number 3440
OCTOBER 24, 1964
FORESTRY SERVICE
Annex 22
414
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[four postage stamps] [stamp]:
ANTONIO NSE BACALE, an adult, married, and a farmer, the Second
Chief of the Osume tribe and a resident of the Ngonikie-Osume town in the
District of Cogo, on behalf of the neighbors of the towns of Mbenam, Ngonikie,
Acanabor-Esenvus, Acanabor-Aben, Anguma and Binguale of the district listed
above, respectfully inform you:
I. That the residents of the towns listed above number 170 heads of
household.
II. That Compañía Vasco Africana, S.A. was granted a plot of land in the
vicinity of the towns listed, opening at that time a five-kilometer road
parallel to those towns, leaving a reserve of land within that space so that
the inhabitants can continue their farms, which exist today.
III. That today, the company noted above has created a road in the same
direction as the previous one, but just a few meters from the inhabitants’
homes.
IV. That the space between the two roads has been requested by Epifanie
Oma Ncomu, Jose Mice Engonga, Salvador Ndonga, Miguel Obiang,
Esone Ohama and Bonifacio Esone Ale, all of whom on or near the same
date, in spite of being considered as reserve land of the aforementioned
towns, and most of the petitioners are employees of Compañía Vasco
Africana, S.A., for which, they humbly
REQUEST:
That given the extreme situation described above, you order the
suspension of the procedures being carried out with regard to the requests listed
above regarding the aforementioned land, and, if it is in your best interest, you
may take as many measures as you deem appropriate in order to verify this,
given that all of the farms are already located on the land requested by them.
Those making the request hope to obtain grace from your goodness and
righteousness. May God grant you many years.
Puerto Iradier, October 22, 1964.
[signature]
FORESTRY SERVICE ENGINEER
RIO BENITO
LOG ENTRY
Number ____
OCTOBER 24, 1964
FORESTRY SERVICE
Annex 22
415
TRANSLATION
WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS
MAP OF THE CONCESSION REQUESTED BY
COMPAÑIA VASCO AFRICANA IN RIO MIANGPUERTO
IRADIER
SURFACE AREA APPROCIMATELY 1,3808 HAS.
SCALE: 1:100,000
SCALE: 1:50,000
Annex 22
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WATER STREET TRANSLATIONS, LLC
10 East 39th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10016 (212) 776-1713
www.waterstreettranslations.com [email protected]
CERTIFICATION OF ACCURACY OF TRANSLATION
This hereby confirms that the foregoing translation was prepared by Sonja Swenson, a linguist with
substantial experience in the translation of documents from Spanish into English as certified by the
American Translators Association.
Kent G. Heine, Managing Partner of Water Street Translations, LLC, hereby attests to the
following:
“To the best of my knowledge and belief, the foregoing translation is a true, accurate,
and unbiased translation into English of the Spanish text attached herewith.”
Kent G. Heine
Water Street Translations, LLC
09/26/22
Date
Annex 22
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