Annexes

ANNEX — EU POSITIONS ON THE MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS
INDEX
1) The Berlin Declaration. 24-25 March, 1999.
2) Council Conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process from July 2014,
3) Council Conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process from November 2014,
4) Council conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process from July 2015,
5) Council conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process from January 2016
6) Statement of the European Union with the European Union's position for the
Association Council's 12th meeting, 3 October 2022
7) Joint Statement of the EU and its Member States from 8 march 2023.
1. Berlin Declaration, 24-25 March 1999
PRESIDENCY CONCLUSIONS - BERLIN EUROPEAN COUNCIL. 24 AND 25 MARCH 1999
I. INTRODUCTION
1. The European Council met in Berlin on 24 and 25 March 1999. Proceedings opened with an
exchange of views with the President of the European Parliament, Mr. Jose -Maria Gil -Robles.
2. The European Council:
reached an overall agreement on Agenda 2000 (see Part I);
agreed a declaration on the appointment of the President of the Commission (see Part II);
adopted two statements on Kosovo (see Part III);
agreed three other statements on the Middle East Peace Process, the successful conclusion of
the Trade and Cooperation Agreement with South Africa and on enlargement (see Part IV).
PART I — AGENDA
PART IV — OTHER DECLARATIONS
MIDDLE EAST PEACE PROCESS
The Heads of State or Government of the European Union reaffirm its support for a negotiated
settlement in the Middle East, to reflect the principles of "land for peace" and ensure the security
both collective and individual of the Israeli and Palestinian peoples. In this context, the European
Union welcomes the decision by the Palestinian National Council and associated bodies to
reaffirm the nullification of the provisions in the Palestinian National Charter which called for the
destruction of Israel and to reaffirm their commitment to recognize and live in peace with Israel.
However, the European Union remains concerned at the current deadlock in the peace process
and calls upon the parties to implement fully and immediately the Wye River Memorandum.
The European Union also calls upon the parties to reaffirm their commitments to the basic
principles established within the framework of Madrid, Oslo and subsequent agreements, in
accordance with UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338. It urges the parties to agree on an extension of
the transitional period established by the Oslo agreements.
The European Union calls in particular for an early resumption of final status negotiations in the
coming months on an accelerated basis, and for these to be brought to a prompt conclusion and
not prolonged indefinitely. The European Union believes that it should be possible to conclude
the negotiations within a target period of one year. It expresses its readiness to work to facilitate
an early conclusion to the negotiations.
The European Union urges both parties to refrain from activities which prejudge the outcome of
those final status negotiations and from any activity contrary to international law, including all
settlement activity, and to fight incitement and violence.
The European Union reaffirms the continuing and unqualified Palestinian right to selfdetermination
including the option of a state and looks forward to the early fulfilment of this
right. It appeals to the parties to strive in good faith for a negotiated solution on the basis of the
existing agreements, without prejudice to this right, which is not subject to any veto. The
European Union is convinced that the creation of a democratic, viable and peaceful sovereign
Palestinian State on the basis of existing agreements and through negotiations would be the best
guarantee of Israel's security and Israel's acceptance as an equal partner in the region. The
European Union declares its readiness to consider the recognition of a Palestinian State in due
course in accordance with the basic principles referred to above.
The European Union also calls for an early resumption of negotiations on the Syrian and Lebanese
tracks of the Middle East Peace Process, leading to the implementation of UNSCRs 242, 338 and
425.
Source: https://www.un.orgiunispalidocunnent/auto-insert-205180/
2. Council conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process
FOREIGN AFFAIRS Council meeting
Brussels, 12 May 2014
The Council adopted the following conclusions:
1. The EU is extremely concerned at recent developments related to the peace process. The
EU has fully supported and praises US peace efforts deployed by Secretary of State Kerry
and his team. The extensive efforts deployed in recent months must not go to waste.
2. A negotiated two -state solution remains the best way to resolve the conflict once and
for all. The EU regrets that despite US efforts, greater progress has not been made by
the parties to date in the talks. The EU urges the parties to use the coming weeks to find
the common ground and political strength needed to resume this process and to make
the necessary bold decisions. The EU remains determined to do all it can to support that
goal, including through the offer of a Special Privileged Partnership, which will ensure
unprecedented economic, political and security support for both parties in the event of
a final status agreement.
3. The European Union recalls previous Council conclusions which have laid down its vision
for a two -state solution resulting in an agreement on all final status issues, ending all
claims, and fulfilling the legitimate aspirations of both parties. A one state reality would
not be compatible with such aspirations.
4. The EU calls on all sides to exercise maximum restraint and to avoid any unilateral action
which may further undermine peace efforts and the viability of a two -state -solution, such
as continued settlement expansion. The European Union will continue to closely monitor
the situation and its broader implications, and will act accordingly.
5. The EU has consistently supported intra-Palestinian reconciliation on clear and certain
terms. The EU looks forward to continuing its support, including through direct financial
assistance, for a possible new Palestinian government composed of independent figures
that commits to the principles set out in President Abbas' speech in Cairo on 4 May 2011.
Such a government should uphold the principle of non-violence, and remain committed
to achieving a two -state solution and to a negotiated peaceful settlement of the Israeli
Palestinian conflict accepting previous agreements and obligations, including Israel's
legitimate right to exist. The EU's engagement with a new Palestinian government will
be based on its adherence to these policies and commitments. Reconciliation on these
terms is an important element for the unity of a future Palestinian state and for reaching
a two -state solution and a lasting peace. The EU welcomes the prospect of genuine
democratic elections for all Palestinians.
6. The EU underlines that Mahmoud Abbas, as President of the PLO, remains fully in charge
of the negotiation process and is mandated to negotiate in the name of all Palestinians
and that the peace negotiations can and must be resumed."
Source: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/28341/142555.pdf
3. Council conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process
FOREIGN AFFAIRS Council meeting
Brussels, 17 November 2014
1. The EU is gravely concerned at the growing tension and increasing violence on the
ground. It condemns all recent terrorist attacks and expresses its condolences for the loss
of life. It urges all parties to refrain from any action that would worsen the situation by
way of incitement, provocation, excessive use of force or retaliation. The EU calls on
political leaders from all sides to work together through visible actions to de-escalate the
situation. In this regard, the EU is particularly concerned at worrying developments and
recurrent violent clashes at the Haram al- Shari f / Temple Mount. The EU appeals for full
respect of the Holy Sites. Any change of the status quo would have deeply destabilizing
effects. The EU fully acknowledges the role of Jordan as Custodian to the Muslim Holy
Shrines in Jerusalem and welcomes the tripartite meeting in Amman on 13 November
between King Abdullah, Secretary of State John Kerry and Prime Minister Netanyahu
where concrete steps towards a calming down of the situation were agreed upon. The
EU looks forward to a swift and effective implementation of such measures.
2. Actions which call into question stated commitments to a negotiated solution must be
avoided. The EU deeply deplores and strongly opposes the recent expropriation of land
near Bethlehem, recent announcements of plans for new settlement construction, in
particular in Givat Hamatos, Ramat Shlomo, Har Homa and Ramot, as well as plans to
displace Bedouins in the West Bank and the continued demolitions, including of EU and
Member States funded projects. It urges Israel to reverse these decisions which run
counter to international law and directly threaten the two state solution. Recent
settlement activity in East Jerusalem seriously jeopardizes the possibility of Jerusalem
serving as the future capital of both states. Recalling that settlements are illegal under
international law, the EU and its Member States remain committed to ensure continued,
full and effective implementation of existing EU legislation and bilateral arrangements
applicable to settlement products. The EU closely monitors the situation and its broader
implications and remains ready to take further action in order to protect the viability of
the two state solution.
3. The EU underlines its concern at the dire humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, which
still remains to be adequately addressed, by urgently restoring basic infrastructures and
services. It welcomes the international community pledges towards the reconstruction
of Gaza. In light of the urgent needs of the people in Gaza, all these pledges should be
swiftly honoured. The EU urges the parties to fully implement the temporary mechanism
for monitoring and verification of reconstruction materials negotiated by the United
Nations, Israel and the Palestinian Authority, as an important step towards the necessary
urgent opening of all crossing points. Whilst taking positive note of the recent one-off
transfers of agricultural products and fish from Gaza to the West Bank, the EU stressed
the importance of a change of the Israeli policy allowing Gaza to trade normally and on
a permanent basis.
4. The EU calls for a fundamental change of the political, security and economic situation
in the Gaza Strip, including the end of the closure. The parties should urgently make
progress towards a durable ceasefire, based on their agreement in Cairo on 26 August,
to reach an agreement that ends the Gaza closure and addresses Israel's legitimate
security concerns. A return to the status quo prior to the latest conflict is not an option.
The EU stands ready to play a key role in international efforts to support a durable
ceasefire, including through the rapid reactivation and possible extension in scope and
mandate of its EUBAM Rafah and EUPOL COPPS missions. The EU urges all the relevant
parties to create the conditions to allow it to play such a role.
5. The EU supports the efforts of the Palestinian national consensus government and
President Abbas and strongly encourages the Palestinian Authority to progressively
assume its government function in the Gaza Strip, including in the field of security, civil
administration and through its presence at the Gaza crossing points. The EU welcomes
the convening of the first cabinet meeting in Gaza as a positive step and urges all
Palestinian factions to end internal divisions. The EU is concerned by the recent bomb
attacks against leading Fatah figures in Gaza.
6. The unsustainable situation in Gaza, the recent increase of violence in Jerusalem, and
the deteriorating regional context underline the need for a comprehensive peace, ending
all claims and fulfilling the legitimate aspirations of both parties, including those of
Israelis for security and those of Palestinians for statehood. The EU welcomes Secretary
of State Kerry's renewed efforts to help the parties return to the table and calls on the
parties and on all major stakeholders, including the Quartet, the League of Arab States
and the UNSC, to take the necessary steps to that end. In this regard, the EU reaffirms
its strategic interest to see an end to the conflict and is willing to play a major role and
actively contribute to a negotiated solution of all final status issues; it recalls parameters
agreed in July 2014 Council conclusions. The EU welcomes the early visit to the region of
the High Representative/Vice President of the Commission Federica Mogherini,
underlining her engagement and that of the EU on this priority issue.
The EU recalls that the future development of the relations with both the Israeli and
Palestinian partners will also depend on their engagement towards a lasting peace
based on a two state solution.
Source: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15542-2014-INIT/en/pdf
4. Council conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process
FOREIGN AFFAIRS Council meeting
Brussels, 20 July 2015
1. The EU reaffirms its commitment to a just and comprehensive resolution of the Israeli-
Palestinian conflict, based on the two state solution, with the State of Israel and an
independent, democratic, contiguous, sovereign, and viable State of Palestine, living side
by side in peace and security and mutual recognition. The EU reaffirms that there is no
alternative to a negotiated two state solution. The regional context, including the
ongoing radicalisation and spread of terrorism, makes it even more urgent to end the
conflict. The status -quo is not an option, as the viability of the two state solution is
constantly being eroded by new facts on the ground. The EU urges both parties to
demonstrate their stated commitment to the two state solution through concrete
actions. Actions by either side which call into question their stated commitment to a
negotiated solution must be avoided. The EU will actively support the parties to restore
confidence and create an environment of trust necessary to engage in meaningful
negotiations as soon as possible.
2. An immediate priority must be to address the grave situation in the Gaza Strip. One year
after the conflict, the humanitarian and socio-economic situation in the Gaza Strip
remains dire. In light of the urgent needs of the people in Gaza, all international
community pledges should be honoured. The EU furthermore expresses its concern over
UNRWA's severe lack of funds and, as a leading donor to UNRWA, calls on all concerned
donors to step up their funding.
The EU believes that compliance with international humanitarian law and international
human rights law by states and non -state actors, including accountability, is a
cornerstone for peace and security in the region.
3. The EU welcomes recent steps taken by Israel to ease restrictions in Gaza. However,
further positive measures are now needed that enable the full delivery of humanitarian
aid, reconstruction and economic recovery on a permanent basis. The EU calls for a
fundamental change of the political, security and economic situation in the Gaza Strip,
including the end of the closure and a full opening of the crossing points, while
addressing Israel's legitimate security concerns. Recent rocket fire by militant groups is
unacceptable and underlines again the danger of escalation. All stakeholders must
commit to non-violence and peace. The EU calls on all parties to agree on a durable
ceasefire that prevents a return to conflict, strengthens Gaza, as it is an integral part of
a future Palestinian state, and reinforces the link between Gaza and the West Bank.
4. The EU urges all Palestinian factions to find common ground, based on non-violence and
reconciliation, and to work together to address the needs of the Palestinian population.
Intra-Palestinian reconciliation is an important element for reaching the two state
solution. In that regard, the EU calls on the Palestinian factions to make reconciliation
and the return of the PA to Gaza a top priority. The PA must take greater responsibility
in this regard and assume its government function in the Gaza Strip, including in the field
of security, civil administration and through its presence at the Gaza crossing points. The
EU is ready to provide full support to these efforts, including through the rapid
reactivation and possible extension in scope and mandate of its EUBAM Rafah and
EUPOL COPPS missions.
5. The EU is committed to working with all sides, including through implementation of
existing agreements, to allow the socio-economic development of the West Bank,
including East Jerusalem, and empower Palestinian institutions in preparation for
statehood, based on the rule of law and respect for human rights. The EU stresses that
actions such as the easing of restrictions must be part of a fundamental change of policy
with regard to the occupied Palestinian territory. It calls on Israel to enable accelerated
Palestinian construction, as well as social and economic development in Area C. Such
actions will serve to strengthen the prosperity and security of both Israelis and
Palestinians. It further calls on Israeli authorities to halt plans for forced transfer of
population and demolition of Palestinian housing and infrastructure in the Susya and
Abu Nwar communities.
6. The preservation of the viability of the two state solution is at the core of EU policy and
will remain a priority. In this regard, and recalling that settlements are illegal under
international law, the EU reiterates its strong opposition to Israel's settlement policy and
actions taken in this context, such as building the separation barrier beyond the 1967
line, demolitions and confiscation - including of EU funded projects - evictions, forced
transfers including of Bedouins, illegal outposts, settler violence and restrictions of
movement and access. These actions seriously threaten the two state solution.
Settlement activity in East Jerusalem seriously jeopardizes the possibility of Jerusalem
serving as the future capital of both states. The EU will continue to closely monitor
developments on the ground and their broader implications and remains ready to take
further action in order to protect the viability of the two state solution. The EU and its
Member States reaffirm their commitment to ensure continued, full and effective
implementation of existing EU legislation and bilateral arrangements applicable to
settlement products. The EU expresses its commitment to ensure that - in line with
international law - all agreements between the State of Israel and the EU must
unequivocally and explicitly indicate their inapplicability to the territories occupied by
Israel in 1967.
7. Securing a just and lasting peace will require an increased common international effort.
The EU, notably through the action of its recently appointed Special Representative for
the Middle East Peace Process, will work actively on a renewed multilateral approach to
the peace process in consultation with all relevant stakeholders, including partners in the
Quartet, notably the US, in the region and the United Nations Security Council. The
establishment of an International support group is a possible way to contribute to this
end; the Council asks the High Representative to explore options for implementation of
this initiative with regional and international actors and to report back in early
September. The EU's position on parameters, as set out in the Foreign Affairs Council
Conclusions of July 2014, provides a basis for achieving consensus on the way forward.
The EU is ready to engage in joint work with regional partners on the basis of the Arab
Peace Initiative, and welcomes ongoing efforts of the Quartet in this regard.
Source: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2015/07/20/fac-meppconclusions/
5. Council conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process
FOREIGN AFFAIRS Council meeting
Brussels, 18 January 2016
1. The Council is deeply concerned that the continuing cycle of violence has led to a serious
loss of human life in Israel and the Palestinian territory in recent months. The EU firmly
condemns the terror attacks and violence from all sides and in any circumstances,
including the death of children. The EU calls on political leaders to work together through
visible actions to contribute to calm and address the underlying causes of the tensions.
The EU recalls the special significance of the holy sites, and calls for upholding the status
quo put in place in 1967 for the Temple Mount / al-Haram al-Sharif in line with previous
understandings and with respect to Jordan's special role.
2. The EU urges all parties to refrain from any action that would worsen the situation by
way of incitement or provocation and calls on the parties to condemn attacks when they
occur and adhere strictly to the principles of necessity and proportionality in the use of
force. It commends both sides for upholding security coordination in the light of an
extremely challenging situation. The EU welcomes progress on the Duma investigation
and calls for Israel to hold all perpetrators of settler violence to account. The EU also calls
on both sides to jointly and resolutely fight incitement and hate speech, for instance by
establishing a mechanism to consult on incitement along the lines of their previous
commitments.
3. The EU is convinced that only the reestablishment of a political horizon and the
resumption of dialogue can stop the violence. Security measures alone cannot stop the
cycle of violence. The underlying causes of the conflict need to be addressed. The EU
reaffirms its support to the Quartet calls for significant transformative steps to be taken,
consistent with the transition envisaged by prior agreements, in order to restore
confidence and rebuild trust. The EU urges both sides to implement these measures at
the earliest juncture possible. A fundamental change of policy by Israel with regard to
the occupied Palestinian territory, particularly in Area C, will significantly increase
economic opportunities, empower Palestinian institutions and enhance stability and
security for both Israelis and Palestinians.
4. The EU is united in its commitment to achieving a two -state solution - based on
parameters set out in the Council Conclusions of July 2014 - that meets Israeli and
Palestinian security needs and Palestinian aspirations for statehood and sovereignty,
ends the occupation that began in 1967, and resolves all permanent status issues in
order to end the conflict. It strongly opposes all actions that undermine the viability of
the two state solution and urges both sides to demonstrate, through policies and actions,
a genuine commitment to a two -state solution in order to rebuild trust and create a path
back to meaningful negotiations. To this end, the EU will continue to closely monitor
developments on the ground and their broader implications and will consider further
action in order to protect the viability of the two -state solution, which is constantly
eroded by new facts on the ground.
5. Securing a just and lasting peace, ending all claims, will require an increased common
international effort. The EU, including through the action of its Special Representative,
will work actively with all relevant stakeholders, including partners in the Quartet,
notably the United States, in the region and in the United Nations Security Council,
towards a renewed multilateral approach to the peace process. Recalling the spirit of
dialogue and cooperation that presided over the Madrid Conference 25 years ago, the
establishment of an International Support Group and a further international conference
are both possible ways to contribute to this end. The EU recalls its willingness to engage
further with regional partners on the basis of the Arab Peace Initiative which provides
key elements for the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict as well as the opportunity for
building a regional security framework.
6. The EU recalls that compliance with international humanitarian law and international
human rights law by states and non -state actors, including accountability, is a
cornerstone for peace and security in the region. The EU calls for the protection of
children, including ensuring the right to education in a safe and secure school
environment. The Council highlights the importance of unhindered work of civil society
both in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory and follows recent developments in
this regard with concern.
7. Recalling that settlements are illegal under international law, constitute an obstacle to
peace and threaten to make a two state solution impossible, the EU reiterates its strong
opposition to Israel's settlement policy and actions taken in this context, such as building
the separation barrier beyond the 1967 line, demolitions and confiscation - including of
EU funded projects - evictions, forced transfers including of Bedouins, illegal outposts
and restrictions of movement and access. It urges Israel to end all settlement activity and
to dismantle the outposts erected since March 2001, in line with prior obligations.
Settlement activity in East Jerusalem seriously jeopardizes the possibility of Jerusalem
serving as the future capital of both States.
8. The EU and its Member States are committed to ensure continued, full and effective
implementation of existing EU legislation and bilateral arrangements applicable to
settlements products. The EU expresses its commitment to ensure that - in line with
international law - all agreements between the State of Israel and the EU must
unequivocally and explicitly indicate their inapplicability to the territories occupied by
Israel in 1967. This does not constitute a boycott of Israel which the EU strongly opposes.
9. The EU urges all Palestinian factions to engage in good faith in the reconciliation process
which is an important element for reaching the two state solution. The EU will continue
its support to Palestinian aspirations for Statehood. It is of the utmost importance that
the positive results of the past are not lost and Palestinian institutions must continue to
grow stronger, more transparent, more accountable and more democratic. The EU calls
upon the government to work towards genuine and democratic elections for all
Palestinians. Strong, inclusive and democratic institutions, based on respect of the rule
of law and human rights, are crucial in view of the establishment of a viable and
sovereign Palestinian State. To this end, the EU calls on all Palestinian factions to find
common ground and to work together to address the needs of the Palestinian
population.
10. The EU calls for all parties to take swift steps to produce a fundamental change to the
political, security and economic situation in the Gaza Strip, including the end of the
closure and a full opening of the crossing points, while addressing Israel's legitimate
security concerns. Recent rocket fire by militant groups is unacceptable and underlines
again the danger of escalation. All stakeholders must commit to non-violence and peace.
The EU urges the Palestinian sides to make the reconstruction of Gaza an overarching
national priority especially as regards to health, energy and access to water. The
Palestinian Authority must fully resume its governmental functions in Gaza, as it is an
integral part of a future Palestinian state. The EU welcomes the steps that Israel has
taken to ease some restrictions on Gaza. However the lifting of restriction on movement
of people, services and goods - particularly those designated as 'dual -use items' - is
needed to allow reconstruction efforts and basic service delivery. The EU calls all parties,
state and non -state actors to guarantee unimpeded humanitarian access to Gaza, as
foreseen by international humanitarian law, for national, local and international
humanitarian organizations, including EU bodies and Member States. The EU remains
ready to engage with the parties and relevant stakeholders towards resolving the
situation and calls on the international community to swiftly honour its pledges.
11. The EU reiterates its offer to both parties of a package of European political, economic
and security support and of a Special Privileged Partnership with the EU, which offers
substantial benefits to both parties, in the event of a final peace agreement. The EU
underlines that the future development of the relations between the EU and both the
Israeli and Palestinian partners will also depend on their engagement towards a lasting
peace based on a two -state solution.
Source: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/01/18/facconclusions-
mepp/
6. Twelfth Meeting of the EU-Israel Association Council
(Brussels, 3 October 2022)
Statement of the European Union
1. The European Union (EU) welcomes this 12th meeting of the EU-Israel Association Council. The
EU attaches great significance to its close relations with the State of Israel and reiterates the
importance of further developing our broad bilateral partnership through comprehensive
political dialogue and cooperation to unlock the full potential of EU-Israel relations.
2. The EU trusts that the resumption of the Association Council will pave the way for the
resumption of other meetings that are essential for further developing a fruitful and
comprehensive relationship, notably the Association Committee as well as the EU-Israel Political
Dialogue and the informal working groups on human rights and international organisations,
which were last held in 2016. The EU notes with satisfaction the regular and numerous meetings
of the subcommittees which have been held under the Association Agreement and the
cooperation in the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy Action Plan, whose validity
has been extended by the Council in January 2022 for further three years to give the EU and Israel
the full opportunity to take forward their cooperation, including through possible negotiation of
partnership priorities.
3. The EU and Israel have close and mutually beneficial political, cultural, people -to -people,
tourism, trade and investment relations, as well as significant economic, financial, research and
innovation and security cooperation, including on crisis management and civil protection. The
close partnership has also been reflected through an intensification of high-level visits, in
particular the official visits to Israel of the President of the European Parliament in May 2022 and
of the President of the European Commission in June 2022 as well as the meeting of the then
Alternate Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Yair Lapid with EU Foreign Ministers in the
margins of the Foreign Affairs Council on 13 July 2021. The EU welcomes the recent signature of
a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation related to natural gas between the EU, Israel
and Egypt, which emphasises the importance of cooperation in the region. The EU underlines the
importance of communicating to European and Israeli citizens about the mutual benefits of EUIsrael
cooperation with a view to increasing the public awareness on both sides.
4. The EU reiterates its condemnation in the strongest possible terms of Russia's unprovoked and
unjustified military aggression against Ukraine, which grossly violates international law and
undermines European and global security and stability, and welcomes Israel's vote in the United
Nations General Assembly on the relevant resolutions. The EU has responded in a united and
resolute manner by adopting sanctions, holding Russia to account, and supporting Ukraine with
unprecedented humanitarian, financial and military aid. The EU welcomes Israel's assistance to
Ukraine and its citizens, including the supply of defensive military equipment and humanitarian
aid. The EU appreciates Israel's commitment to avoid the circumvention of sanctions through its
territory and will continue to work together with Israel on this issue.
5. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of scientific, medical,
humanitarian and political cooperation in addressing global challenges. The EU and Israel are
important partners in this regard. Since 15 September 2021, digital COVID certificates have been
mutually recognised between the EU and Israel. International cooperation and solidarity
continue to be key to tackle the many facets of the pandemic, from health to the socio-economic
impact. The EU welcomes the very active EU-Israel cooperation in research, innovation and the
medical sector since the onset of the pandemic and will further build on this cooperation.
6. The significance that the EU attaches to its relations with Israel is also highlighted in the Joint
Communication by the European Commission and the High Representative on a Renewed
Partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood — A New Agenda for the Mediterranean, adopted
on 9 February 2021. A democratic, more stable, greener and prosperous Southern
Neighbourhood is a shared strategic priority and fundamental interest for both the EU and its
Southern Neighbourhood partners.
7. The EU considers Israel as a key partner for cooperation in the five priority policy areas that
the Joint Communication identifies, notably human development, good governance and the rule
of law; resilience, prosperity and digital transition; peace and security; migration and mobility;
green transition: climate resilience, energy, and the environment. The Joint Communication
suggests that the EU steps up its existing cooperation with Israel in the digital, research and
innovation areas and identifies opportunities to reinforce cooperation in related areas of mutual
interest.
8. The EU welcomes Israel's commitment to, and engagement in, the Union for the
Mediterranean, in which 43 partners from the EU and the Mediterranean engage with a view to
effectively address common regional challenges notably climate change and water
management. The EU appreciates cooperation with Israel in this forum as well as in other
international fora. The EU welcomes the close cooperation between the Knesset and the
European Parliament notably with regular Inter -Parliamentary meetings.
9. Under the new Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument for
2021-2027 multiannual financial framework, Israel continues to benefit from a yearly allocation
in the form of institutional cooperation (Twinning projects and other forms of technical support).
It also benefits from EU expertise through Technical Assistance and Information Exchange
instrument (TAIEX) activities and from other thematic and regional programmes. The EU
welcomes the successful completion of several Twinning projects and TAIEX activities in various
fields in recent years. In 2021, Israel's public administration benefited from 19 projects within
TAIEX, which focused on issues such as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, on cybercrime,
digital policy, youth employment, electricity trade, sustainable production and consumption and
the Green Deal and green recovery. The EU encourages further use of the instrument.
10. The EU reiterates its fundamental commitment to Israel's security, including with regard to
threats in the region. The EU firmly condemns recent terror attacks in Israel as well as all forms
of terrorism and remains committed to the prevention and fight against terrorism and violent
extremism.
11. The EU welcomes the normalisation of relations between Israel and a number of Arab states
in the region, which is beneficial to all countries involved and a fundamental step for the
stabilisation of the region as a whole. The EU is exploring opportunities for regional and trilateral
cooperation and joint initiatives opening up new perspective for business, people, trade, travel,
research, the environment as well as in a number of other areas. The EU reiterates its
commitment to a comprehensive and lasting peace for the entire region and stands ready to
work to this end together with its regional and international partners. In this regard, the EU will
seek to encourage and build upon the recent establishment of diplomatic relations between
Israel and a number of Arab countries, with a view to enhancing the prospects to reach a
comprehensive settlement in the Middle East Peace Process.
12. The EU reaffirms its long-standing position on the Middle East Peace Process, as set out in
several Council conclusions. The EU is united in its commitment to achieving a two -state solution
- based on the parameters set out in the Council conclusions of July 2014 that allows the State of
Israel to live side by side in peace, security and mutual recognition with an independent,
democratic, contiguous, sovereign and viable State of Palestine, with Jerusalem as the future
capital of both states. The EU and its Member States will continue to respect the international
consensus on Jerusalem embodied in the relevant United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
resolutions until the final status of Jerusalem is resolved. The EU is gravely concerned that the
occupation of the Palestinian territory that began in 1967 continues to this day. The EU welcomes
the steps taken recently on both sides to improve cooperation within the framework of their
signed agreements, including high level political meetings, and calls on Israel to take further
steps to significantly improve the lives of the Palestinian people.
13. The EU considers that it remains of utmost importance to restore a political horizon towards
a two -state solution, to witness real and tangible progress on the ground, develop confidencebuilding
measures, improve living conditions for the people and open the path towards
relaunching of the peace process. The EU deplores the increase in violence that not only results
in tragic loss of lives, but also fuels tensions and animosity. It calls on all sides to genuinely
recommit to reaching a two -state solution in order to enhance stability, increase prosperity and
strengthen security for Israelis and Palestinians alike.
14. The EU recalls that a lasting solution to the conflict must be achieved on the basis of the
relevant UN Security Council Resolutions, the Madrid principles including land for peace, the
Roadmap, the agreements previously reached by the parties and of the Arab Peace Initiative.
Securing a just and lasting peace, which resolves all permanent status issues, will require an
increased common international effort. The EU is ready to fully support Israelis and Palestinians
towards a renewed commitment to the peace process, and will work actively, including through
the engagement and contribution of the EU Special Representative for the Middle East Peace
Process, with all relevant stakeholders, including the United States, regional stakeholders and
the United Nations. The EU expects the parties to demonstrate genuine engagement with the EU
with a view to reviving the peace process.
15. The EU strongly opposes all actions that undermine the viability of the two -state solution and
urges Israel and the Palestinians to demonstrate, through policies and actions, a genuine
commitment to a peace process resulting in a two -state solution in order to rebuild trust and
create a path back to meaningful negotiations. To this end, the EU will continue to closely
monitor developments on the ground and their broader implications and will consider further
action in order to protect the viability of the two -state solution, which is constantly eroded by
new facts on the ground, including through settlement expansion.
16. Reaffirming its commitment to implement previous Council conclusions, UNSCR 2334 (2016),
as well as the applicability of international human rights and humanitarian law in the occupied
Palestinian territory, the EU reiterates its strong opposition to Israel's settlement policy and
activities, including in and around East Jerusalem, and especially in sensitive areas such as El.
Such actions as evictions, forced transfers, including in Masafer Yatta, demolitions, including of
EU funded projects, and confiscations of homes will only escalate an already tense environment
and threaten the viability of a two -state solution. Settlements are illegal under international law.
The EU will not recognise changes to the 1967 lines, unless agreed by the parties. The EU calls on
Israel to halt continued settlement expansion, which have reached record highs in the past years,
evictions, demolitions and forced transfers. It calls on Israel to allow for a tangible improvement
of freedom of movement and access for the Palestinians, to enable accelerated Palestinian
construction, as well as social and economic development in Area C, and reverse the worsening
of living conditions for Palestinians in Area C. The EU firmly condemns settler violence and calls
for accountability.
17. The EU is concerned about the Israeli government's announcement to introduce new rules
regulating access to the West Bank, which — if implemented — would result in further entry
restrictions. The EU will continue to engage with the Israeli authorities and calls for the necessary
adjustments to ensure fair treatment of EU citizens and other foreign nationals travelling to and
residing in the West Bank.
18. The EU recalls the specific significance of the Holy Sites and makes a strong call for upholding
the status quo put in place in 1967 for the Temple Mount/Haram al-Sharif in line with previous
understandings and with respect to Jordan's special role. Underlining the necessity to respect the
status quo also for the Christian holy sites, which are under increasing pressure, the EU reiterates
the importance of maintaining peaceful coexistence of all three monotheistic religions and their
practitioners.
19. The EU strongly condemns the indiscriminate launching of rockets by Hamas, the Palestinian
Islamic Jihad and other terrorist groups into Israel. The EU recognises Israel's right to self-defence
and to protect its civilian population, while underlining that this right must be exercised in a
proportionate manner and in full respect of international humanitarian law.
The EU equally recalls the responsibilities of the de facto authorities in Gaza in this regard. The
EU calls for the release of the two Israeli citizens held in Gaza and for the return of the remains
of the two other Israeli citizens.
20. The EU deplores the loss of civilian lives during the escalation in violence in and around Gaza
in August 2022, including a number of children and women. The EU calls for a timely and
thorough investigation into these civilian casualties. The EU calls on all parties to take necessary
steps to produce a fundamental change to the political, security and economic situation in the
Gaza Strip, including the end of the closure and a full opening of the crossing points, while
addressing Israel's legitimate security concerns. While welcoming the easing of some restrictions
by Israel, the EU calls for further and structured lifting of restrictions to allow for early recovery
and reconstruction efforts, basic service delivery, structural improvement of the lives of the
millions of people living in Gaza under dismal conditions, as well as for full and unimpeded
humanitarian access. The EU will continue to contribute towards the development of Gaza
through investments in reforms, support to economic sector and key infrastructures, among
others in water and energy sectors, while Israel is expected to facilitate such efforts.
21. The EU is concerned about the increasingly high number of civilian casualties, as a result of
actions inter alia by Israeli security forces, and recalls that the use of force must be proportionate
and in line with international humanitarian law and only as a last resort when it is strictly
unavoidable in order to protect life. Maximum efforts should be undertaken to avoid putting
children in harm's way. The EU reiterates its call for a thorough investigation that clarifies all the
circumstances that led to Shireen Abu Akleh's death, and that those responsible are brought to
justice. The EU remains gravely concerned by the high levels of incitement and provocation on
all sides and across media platforms. The EU reiterates its call on all sides to jointly and resolutely
fight incitement to violence and hate speech.
22. The EU will continue to call upon the Palestinian Authority to hold free, transparent, and
inclusive elections without further delay. The EU will continue to urge all Palestinian factions to
engage in good faith in the reconciliation process, to adhere to previous agreements, renounce
violence and terrorism, and recognise Israel's right to exist and to commit to democratic
principles, including the rule of law. The EU calls on Israel to fulfil its commitment to allow for
Palestinian elections to be held also in East Jerusalem, and to facilitate election observation
missions.
23. The EU and its Member States are committed to ensure continued, full and effective
implementation of existing EU legislation and bilateral arrangements applicable to settlements
products. The EU expresses its commitment to ensure that - in line with international law — all
agreements between the State of Israel and the EU must unequivocally and explicitly indicate
their inapplicability to the territory occupied by Israel in 1967. This does not constitute a boycott
of the State of Israel, which the EU strongly opposes.
24. The EU reaffirms its proposal, as endorsed in the Council conclusions of December 2013, of
an unprecedented package of political, economic and security support to be offered to and
developed with both parties in the context of a final status agreement. The EU underlines that
the future development of the relations between the EU and both the Israeli and Palestinian
partners will also depend on their engagement towards a lasting peace based on a two -state
solution. The EU is convinced that this support and partnership, by anchoring both the State of
Israel and a future State of Palestine in an ever closer relationship with Europe, will provide a
strategic framework for their stable, secure and prosperous development. The EU's continued
support to Palestinian state -building requires a credible prospect for the establishment of a
viable Palestinian state, based on respect of the rule of law and human rights. The EU will engage
with other regional and international actors to explore new perspectives for a comprehensive
regional peace process.
25. The EU notes the importance of the full implementation and updating of the Paris Protocol,
including regarding full, timely, predictable and transparent transfer of tax and customs
revenues. The EU is ready to support relevant measures, including the transfers of customs
responsibilities, the full implementation of e -VAT and the creation of other trade -related
infrastructures.
26. Promoting peace and stability and achieving de-escalation of tensions in the broader Middle
East is a key priority for the EU. Any efforts to build and consolidate confidence should remain
inclusive. Iran is central to security in the region, though its direct and indirect support to political
and military proxies as well as the ballistic proliferation and transfer of missiles and weapons to
state and non -state actors remain an important source of regional instability. The restoration
and full re -implementation of the JCPoA has the potential to contribute positively to regional
prosperity and security. It could further encourage a constructive approach in the region as well
as offer a platform for further efforts to build and consolidate confidence.
27. The EU continues to be very concerned by the ongoing conflict in Syria, now in its twelfth
year, and its regional implications, including for Israel. The EU remains committed to the unity,
sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Syrian state, and recalls that any sustainable solution
to the conflict requires a genuine and inclusive political transition in line with UNSCR 2254 and
the 2012 Geneva communique negotiated by the Syrian parties within the UN -facilitated Geneva
process. The EU commends neighbouring and other countries for hosting large numbers of Syrian
refugees for more than a decade. The EU will continue to do its utmost to provide assistance to
those in need inside Syria and also in refugee -hosting countries, until Syrians can voluntarily
return home with safety and dignity according to UN standards. The EU hosted the sixth Brussels
Conference on Supporting the Future of Syria and the region on 9-10 May 2022, where the
international community pledged close to EUR 6.4 billion for 2022 and beyond. The EU remains
very concerned about the security situation in the Golan Heights, and will remain firmly
committed to pursue accountability for the Syrian regime's use of chemical weapons, human
rights violations and abuses and other violations of international law, including humanitarian
law.
28. The EU reiterates its commitment to Lebanon's unity, sovereignty, stability, independence
and territorial integrity. The EU also stresses the importance of the full implementation of all
relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions, including 1559, 1680, 1701 and 1757. The
EU underlines its continued support to the role and mission of UNIFIL and commends the role of
the Lebanese Armed Forces and UNIFIL in maintaining peace and stability in South Lebanon. The
EU welcomes the resumption of discussions between Lebanon and Israel on the delineation of
their maritime boundary that are facilitated by the US and hosted by UNSCOL in UNIFIL premises.
The EU encourages Israel and Lebanon to clear obstacles and make swift progress in this regard,
bearing in mind the positive effects a successful outcome will have for both parties, for the peace
and stability in the region and wider cooperation in the field of energy.
29. The EU reiterates its strategic interest in a stable and secure environment in the Eastern
Mediterranean and the framework set by the European Council conclusions, aiming at promoting
regional stability. Solutions to outstanding issues should be found through peaceful dialogue and
in full respect of international law. De-escalation of tensions in the interest of regional stability
and promotion of good neighbourly relations in a sustainable way is essential. Regional
cooperation in the Eastern Mediterranean, including on energy transition, must be developed in
accordance with international law. Last year, the EU acceded the EastMed Gas Forum, to which
the EU grants financial support, as an observer. Existing cooperation initiatives in the Eastern
Mediterranean, including Projects of Common Interest (PCIs), can provide a basis for building
wider regional partnerships. The EU also notes positively ongoing project -based cooperation
between Israel and EU Member States, with the aim of advancing peace, security and stability in
the region.
30. The EU is determined to win the fight against antisemitism and to promote nondiscrimination
in the EU and around the world. Given the significant rise of antisemitism across Europe, the
Commission adopted in October 2021 its first -ever comprehensive strategy to combat
antisemitism and foster Jewish life, to complement and support EU Member States' efforts. The
Strategy sets out measures focusing on: (1) preventing and combating all forms of antisemitism;
(2) protecting and fostering Jewish life in the EU; and (3) education, research and Holocaust
remembrance. These measures are complemented by the EU's international efforts to address
antisemitism globally. The strategy supports EU Member States' efforts in adopting national
strategies and actions against antisemitism in line with the 2018 Council Declaration on
combating antisemitism, the 2020 Council Declaration on mainstreaming the fight against
antisemitism across policy areas and the 2022 Council conclusions on combating racism and
antisemitism. Israel is a key partner for the European Union, including in the global fight against
antisemitism. The EU will seek to further reinforce the EU-Israel High -Level Seminar on
combating racism, antisemitism and xenophobia, co -organised annually, with a focus on
operational follow-up. The EU Framework Decision on combating racism and xenophobia by
means of criminal law provides a strong legal framework to combat antisemitic hate crimes and
hate speech, including public condoning, denial or gross trivialisation of the Holocaust in a
manner likely to incite to violence or hatred. The work of the European Commission
Coordinator on Combating Antisemitism and Fostering Jewish Life further reflects the fight
against antisemitism is a priority in the EU. The EU is determined to fight antisemitism online, in
particular antisemitic hate speech, conspiracy myths, Holocaust denial and distortion. The EU
will also promote, in accordance with the right to freedom of expression, a culture characterised
by tolerance, inclusiveness and mutual respect, online and offline, in line with the EU Council
Conclusions on combating racism and antisemitism of 2 March 2022. Since 2017, the Commission
has been using the non -legally binding working definition of antisemitism of the International
Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA), adopted in Bucharest (2016), as a practical guidance
tool and a basis for its work to combat antisemitism and it encourages its adoption and use. The
EU also cooperates closely with the IHRA on other Holocaust -related issues, including through
regular interaction between the European Commission Coordinator on Combatting Antisemitism
and Fostering Jewish Life. The EU is committed to exploring further areas of cooperation on
Holocaust remembrance, including through the European Holocaust Remembrance
Infrastructure (EHRI), given the increasing importance of Holocaust remembrance and civic
education in order to counter the development of antisemitic prejudices and stereotypes.
31. The EU remains resolute in its commitment to promote non-discrimination and protect the
right to freedom of religion or belief The EU will promote and protect the right to freedom of
religion or belief and condemn any act of discrimination, violence or persecution on religious or
belief grounds, including acts of antisemitism, in political and human rights dialogues and in
broader cooperation. The EU is committed to continue to be active in the UN fora to promote
and protect freedom of religion or belief, in particular in the Human Rights Council and the UN
General Assembly. The EU will continue to lead on resolutions on freedom of religion or belief at
the UN, and will continue to engage and actively support the work of the UN Special Rapporteur
on freedom of religion or belief The EU reaffirms that freedom of religion or belief and freedom
of expression are interdependent, interrelated, and mutually reinforcing rights.
32. The EU recalls that relations between Israel and the EU shall be based on respect for human
rights and democratic principles, as enshrined in Article 2 of the EU-Israel Association Agreement.
In this context, the values of democracy, respect for human rights, including the rights of persons
belonging to minorities, and the importance of a vibrant civil society stand central to the EUIsrael
partnership, including as regards the people living under occupation in the Palestinian
territory. In this context, the EU would highly welcome the resumption of a regular dialogue with
the Israeli side on human rights issues.
33. The EU encourages Israel to respect, protect and fulfil the rights of all persons, including those
belonging to minorities, notably the Arab minority, to enhance their integration into Israeli
society, to protect their rights, to reduce economic and social disparities and to ensure that all
asylum applications are treated in accordance with international law and international
standards. The EU encourages Israel also to enhance the participation of all minority groups in
policy and governance processes at all levels and to avoid any discrimination in law and practice.
The EU calls for a comprehensive and equitable solution with regard to unrecognised Bedouin
villages.
34. The EU promotes gender equality and the full enjoyment of all human rights by all women
and girls and their empowerment as a priority across all areas of action, in line with international
commitment. The elimination of all forms of discrimination and exclusion, and all forms of sexual
and gender -based violence, and full and meaningful participation and leadership of women and
girls are fundamental for sustainable development, economic growth, peace and security. The
EU welcomes steps taken by Israel to increase participation rates in the workforce and improve
the conditions of work for Arab women, as well as to combat domestic violence and all forms of
sexual and gender -based violence and discrimination.
35. The EU recalls its commitment to promote and protect the full and equal enjoyment of human
rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans gender and intersex (LGBTI) persons. The EU has a major
partner in Israel when it comes to addressing the inequalities, discrimination, and violence
affecting LGBTI persons, including in international fora. The EU commends Israel for enhancing
protection and promotion of the human rights of LGBTI persons, including by means of
legislation.
36. The EU recalls that compliance with international humanitarian law and international human
rights law by states and non -state actors, including accountability, is a cornerstone for peace and
security. The EU calls on Israel to adhere strictly to the principles governing the use of force,
including necessity, distinction and proportionality, as well as to promote impartiality and
effectiveness of the investigatory mechanisms of alleged misconduct of law enforcement bodies
or defence forces.
37. The EU is proud of its continued support to civil society that contributes to peace efforts and
confidence building between Israelis and Palestinians. The EU is deeply concerned by the recent
raids on six Palestinian civil society organisations, as part of a worrying reduction of space for
civil society in the occupied Palestinian territory. A free and strong civil society is indispensable
for promoting democratic values and for the two -state solution. The EU calls on Israel to refrain
from any action that would prevent these organisations from continuing their critical human
rights, humanitarian and development work in the occupied Palestinian territory. In case Israel
makes convincing evidence available that would justify reviewing the EU's policy towards the six
Palestinian civil society organisations, the EU would act accordingly. It is crucial to ensure a safe
and enabling civic space, both online and off/me, and that anti -terrorism legislation does not lead
to undermining civil society and its valuable work and contributions to building fairer and more
peaceful societies and to the pursuit of accountability. The EU reiterates its support for human
rights defenders, journalists and other media workers.
38. The EU remains concerned about the extensive recourse by Israel to administrative detention
without formal charge. Under international law detainees have the right to be informed about
the charges underlying their detention and to have the legality of their detention determined
without undue delay, as well as the right to legal assistance, due process and a fair trial. The EU
calls for the full respect of international human rights obligations towards all prisoners, including
in the context of arrest, interrogation and detention.
39. The promotion, protection, fulfilment and respect for the rights of the child are a priority for
EU human rights policy. The EU calls on Israel to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of
Palestinian minors faced with arrest and detention, in line with international obligations and
standards regarding the detention of children, including in cases of security offences, and ending
the practice of administrative detention. Israel should ensure children in Gaza can access
specialised medical treatment outside Gaza without delay and that health and education
facilities, ambulances and protected personnel are not targeted in security operations. The EU
calls for the protection of children, including ensuring their right to education in a safe and secure
school environment.
40. The EU strongly encourages Israel to cooperate fully with United Nations human rights
mechanisms. The EU calls on Israel to reverse its publicly stated freeze in relations with the Office
of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, including in relation to the issuance
of visas for international staff The EU welcomes Israel's ongoing cooperation with the Council of
Europe and its willingness to further strengthen cooperation with this body.
41. The EU is Israel's largest trading partner and Israel is among the EU's biggest trading partners
in the Mediterranean area with the most diversified structure of trade. Total trade in goods was
close to EUR 37 billion in 2021 while trade in services was approaching EUR 14 billion in 2020. In
spite of some remaining market access impediments, the overall conditions for bilateral trade
are good. The EU welcomes the regulatory reform in force since June 1, which has simplified
import procedures for a variety of consumer goods, abolishing dozens of national import
standards and relying instead on compliance with EU and other international standards.
The EU welcomes the progress in the modernisation of the Pan-Euro-Mediterranean (PEM)
Convention and acknowledges the positive role that Israel is playing in the process. The EU
expects that the new rules can be applied in the trade between Israel and the EU as soon as
possible, before the end of 2022. The EU recalls the importance of the Technical Arrangement
between the EU and Israel and of the Court of Justice's case law in case C-363/18 on products
originating from settlements and stresses the mutual interest in ensuring its continued good and
therefore also more efficient functioning.
42. The EU values Israel's close cooperation with the EU when trade irritants arise and
particularly appreciates the pilot project put in place to address the long-standing import
authorization practice of the Israeli authorities for medical devices which discriminates among
EU Member States. However, the EU continues to be concerned by some market access issues,
notably by the lack of data exclusivity protection for biological medicines in Israel as well as
cumbersome certification process for EU exports of kosher meat.
43. The EU is interested in continuing to work on trade -related issues under discussion with Israel
and in sharing practices in different areas, including on standards for agricultural and industrial
goods as well as the protection of geographical indications for agricultural products and other
foodstuffs and discussions on trade defence procedures. It is interested in continuing cooperation
on agricultural policy, rural development, and organic farming.
44. The EU recalls the commitment by Israel and the Palestinian Authority at the Trade
Ministerial Conference of the Union for the Mediterranean of 11 November 2010 on a Package
of measures to facilitate the trade of Palestinian products with other Euro-Mediterranean
partners. These commitments have been recalled at the Trade Ministerial Conferences of 19
March 2018 and of 10 November 2020. On both occasions, the EU presented a Technical Progress
Report on the progress on the Package of measures. The EU encourages Israel and the Palestinian
Authority to progress on the facilitation of Palestinian trade, including in the Trade Trilateral
Working Group. The EU stands ready to support these efforts and appreciates recent concrete
progress in trade facilitation, notably containerised transport between the West Bank and Jordan
via the Allenby/King Hussein Bridge.
45. The EU welcomes the successful counter -terrorism dialogues initiated with Israel in 2015. The
last dialogue took place in April 2022. Terrorism is a constantly evolving threat which calls for
enhanced international cooperation and improved counterterrorism methods for the prevention
and fight against terrorism. Though faced with different challenges, the EU and Israel share the
same determination to prevent and counter terrorism. The EU looks forward to taking the
EUIsrael counterterrorism dialogue further in developing practical actions, from addressing root
causes to establishing and sharing effective and gender -responsive counterterrorism methods,
including in the area of non -conventional threats, such as Chemical, Biological, Radiological and
Nuclear (CBRN) threats, transport and aviation security, counter-UAS (drones), as well as
countering the promotion of violent extremism online and the financing of terrorism. The EU also
welcomes the progress made in the negotiations with Israel to allow for the exchange of
information between Europol and designated Israeli law enforcement authorities. All
counterterrorism measures must comply with international law, including international human
rights law and humanitarian law.
46. Building on a fruitful first exchange of views, the EU and Israel will also explore the possibility
to further their cooperation on cyber issues, notably the promotion of the application of
international law in cyberspace, including international humanitarian law, implementation of
the voluntary norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, notably through the
establishment of a Programme of Action to advance responsible state behaviour in cyberspace
and exchanging information and best practices, and Research and Development cooperation.
The EU shares with Israel a common approach with regard to the UN negotiations on a possible
new instrument on countering the use of Information and Communication Technologies for
criminal purposes.
47. The EU welcomes the positive impact of the comprehensive EU-Israel Euro-Mediterranean
Aviation Agreement which was signed in 2013 and was ratified by the European Parliament in
June 2020. Before the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the agreement led to a
substantial decrease in airfares, contributed to a significant increase in the number of passengers
flying between the EU and Israel, as well as in the number of airlines offering services and the
number of city -pairs being served generating considerable economic benefits and new
opportunities. Encouraging early 2022 figures point to a likely resumption of these trends in the
post -pandemic era. In this context, Israel's conclusion of a comprehensive agreement with the
EUROCONTROL in 2016 is an important accompanying measure to ensure fully integrated
coordination on all operational and technical aspects of air traffic management. The EU
appreciates the concrete cooperation with the European Maritime Safety Agency based on
Israel's participation in the relevant EU—funded programme (SAFEMED) on ship's safety, security
and sustainability. In this context, the EU welcomes the upcoming ratification by Israel of the
Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention and Israel's recent signature of the Conditions of Use for
CleanSeaNet (maritime pollution surveillance by satellite service). The EU counts on the
continued support of Israel to establish a Sulphur Emissions Control Area in the Mediterranean
Sea in view of its adoption by the International Maritime Organization at the end of 2022 with
an ambitious entry into force in 2025. The EU notes that exchanges are also underway on railway
transport, the extension of TEN -T to the development of a Mediterranean network, transport
security, the promotion of multimodal transport, sustainable urban mobility, (cooperative)
intelligent transport systems and cooperative, connected and automated mobility.
48. The EU calls for active engagement of all partners to ensure that the international climate,
biodiversity and environment commitments are effectively implemented, as a basis for achieving
the United Nation's 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals and the objectives of
the Paris Agreement. The EU welcomes Israel's engagement in the implementation of the Paris
agreement within the UN framework convention on climate change and commends the progress
on policies on renewable energies and adaptation to climate change, and in particular the
submission of the revised nationally determined contribution (NDC) and the net -zero pledge by
2050 submitted ahead of the 26th Conference of the Parties (C0P26) in Glasgow in November
2021. In this context, the EU invites Israel to draft and adopt long-term strategies for both
mitigation and adaptation well in time for the 2023 global stocktaking, to give clear signal on
the implementation trajectory towards the goals set. Furthermore, the EU encourages Israel to
set a specific target for the provision of climate finance to reach developed countries'
commitment to mobilise jointly US$ 100 billion a year by 2020 through 2025 and to participate
actively in the negotiations of the New Collective Quantified Goal as well as to participate actively
in the Glasgow— Sharm El Sheikh work programme on the Global Goal on Adaptation as well as
dialogue on loss and damage within United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC). The EU stands ready to engage in a dialogue to accelerate ambitious policies to drive
the green transition and to enhance global ambition, to discuss voluntary contributions to
international climate and biodiversity finance and options to make finance flows consistent with
the goals of the Paris Agreement and with the new global biodiversity framework. The EU
welcomes the continuous dialogue with Israel on areas of mutual interest, with a special focus
on climate neutral energy transition, waste management, air pollution, including the
establishment of an Emission Control Area in the Mediterranean Sea, sustainable water
management, circular economy measures, biodiversity protection and restoration.
49. The EU looks forward to strengthening its partnership with Israel on energy, based on the
recently adopted REPowerEU Plan and the strategy for the "EU external energy engagement in
a changing world". Our cooperation therefore will focus on energy security, by promoting energy
supply diversification, as well as on the climate neutral energy transition, primarily promoting
the increasing uptake and system integration of renewable energy, including through increased
interconnections, technological innovation and deployment of safe and sustainable low carbon
technologies, the wide uptake of energy efficiency measures and renewable hydrogen. Our
cooperation was reinforced by the Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation related to
Trade; Transport and Export of Natural Gas to the European Union, signed on 15 June 2022 by
the EU, Israel and Egypt. Cooperation should promote the transition of the energy sector, while
ensuring security and affordability of energy supplies, safeguarding the environment and
implementing the Paris Agreement, also in line with the European Green Deal. The exploitation
of gas resources in the Eastern Mediterranean in accordance with international law can
strengthen energy security and resilience, and further enhance regional cooperation, such as the
Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum, and prosperity, contributing to long-lasting peace and
regional stability. All lawful explorations of gas resources in the Eastern Mediterranean should
be in full respect of international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS) and the sovereignty and sovereign rights of the coastal states.
50. In the area of science and technology, the EU warmly welcomes the full association of Israel
to the Horizon Europe programme for the period 2021-2027, made official by the joint signing of
the agreement, on 6 December 2021. The EU looks forward to further reinforcing its cooperation
with Israel, to address global challenges, facilitate green and digital transitions, accelerate the
world shift to a secure and just food system and bring the EU and Israel's innovation systems
closer together. Since 1996, Israel's association to the EU framework programmes for research
and innovation has been a success story with clear mutual benefits across various priority areas
including ICT, health, advanced manufacturing, climate change and energy as well as
biotechnology. This cooperation contributes to stronger bilateral economic and trade relations
and facilitates engagement in the region. In this context, the EU welcomes Israel's active
participation in regional science diplomacy initiatives, such as SESAME, PRIMA and EM UN!.
51. In the field of digital economy and society, the EU welcomes Israel's commitment in the
activities of the Euro-Mediterranean Regulators Group (EMERG), the EU initiative aimed at
increasing EU-Mediterranean regulatory harmonisation and promoting cooperation among
telecommunications regulation authorities, and is ready to work towards an ambitious
partnership on digital issues. The EU also welcomes the fact that Israel is a full member of related
OECD bodies, in particular the working group for Communications Infrastructure and Services
Policy (CISP).
52. The EU recalls that the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radiocommunications
Conference, held in Sharm Al Sheikh in November 2019, passed Resolution 12. This Resolution
called for a process to deploy 3G technology and establish an adequate timeframe for the
allocation of 4G and 5G frequencies for Palestinian operators. The EU calls on Israel and on the
Palestinian authorities to reach a timely agreement on the allocation of 4G and 5G frequencies
for Palestinian operators, prior to the completion of the Israeli 5G deployments, and to cooperate
with international actors working on this topic such as the Office of the Quartet.
53. In the area of education, the EU welcomes the participation of Israel in the international
dimension of the Erasmus+ programme 2021-2027 and hopes that it will continue being very
successful, as in the previous programming period between 2014 and 2020, which has also
contributed to promoting mutual understanding by developing people -to -people contacts
through cooperation between higher education institutions and student and staff exchanges, as
well as through youth exchanges. The EU also welcomes the benefits brought by the programme
to Israeli higher education, including its increased internationalisation, and looks forward to
cooperating with Israel through the new Erasmus+ programme in other areas of common
interest, such as Vocational Education and Training. In the field of culture, the EU looks forward
to a successful conclusion of negotiations for the participation of Israel to the programme
Creative Europe.
54. The EU looks forward to a fruitful and constructive meeting of the EU-Israel Association
Council.
Source: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/59337/st13103-en22.pdf
7. Joint Statement of the EU and its Member States
8 march 2023.
The European Union and its Member States are deeply concerned by the increasing violence and
extremism in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territory, which are leading to appalling
numbers of Israeli and Palestinian victims, including children. The situation in Gaza and the West
Bank, including East Jerusalem, is a great cause for concern.
We call on Israeli and Palestinian leaders to de-escalate the situation and to refrain from actions
that will increase the already high level of tension. Settlements are illegal under international
law. Israel must stop settlement expansion, prevent settler violence, and ensure the perpetrators
are held accountable. Military operations must be proportionate and in line with international
humanitarian law. There must be an immediate end to terror attacks, which should be
condemned by everyone, and to practices that support them. The humanitarian situation in the
Gaza Strip requires further easing of restrictions. The status quo of the Holy Sites must be upheld
in line with previous understandings and with respect to Jordan's special role. Peaceful
coexistence between Christians, Jews and Muslims must be maintained.
All these issues are obstacles to peace.
We commend the efforts of the US, Jordan, and Egypt to de-escalate and support the Aqaba
communique. All parties should observe the agreements in Aqaba in good faith.
It is vital to restore a political horizon towards a two -state solution. Only a negotiated agreement
offers a chance of security and peace for all.
There is an urgent need for a new perspective for peace. Three weeks ago, the High
Representative/Vice President met with Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal and with Arab
League Secretary -General Aboul Gheit. They agreed to revive and build on the Arab Peace
Initiative, and the EU reaffirmed its proposal of an unprecedented package of economic, political
and security support in the context of a final status agreement as endorsed in the Council
conclusions of December 2013. In this effort, we work closely with other Arab and international
partners. While we cannot force the parties to make peace, we share a responsibility to prepare
the ground. Security, the rule of law and peace in the Middle East, are a priority for the EU.
The candidate countries North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Republic of Moldova and Bosnia and Herzegovinal), the
EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, members of the European Economic Area, as well as Armenia align themselves
with this statement.
Source: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/03/08/israelpalestine-
statement-of-the-hiqh-representative-on-behalf-of-the-european-union-on-thelatest-
developments/