SECTXON C. - DÉCLARATXON D'INTERVENTION
DU GOUVERNEMENT DE CUBA
TRAKSXISE A LAMUR LE 13JIhRS 1931
SECTION C.-DECLARATIQN OF INTERVENTION
BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CUBA
TRhSS3IlTTEDTO THE Cû'LTROS YARCH MA th,951
1,LETTER FROhITHE IIIKISTER OF STATE
OF CUBA TO THE REGlSTRAR OF THE CûVRT
Havana, Cuha,
Febmq- 13.1951.
Xr,Çecretq,
1 have the honourtoacknowledgethe receiptofTour Eswl-
lencyJsnote So. 12668,dated the 26th of last Januan~with
refertnceto thecbim submittedto the Court, underdate of
Decemberrgth, xg50,by theGorernmentof Colombiaagainst the
Goremment of Peru,concernintheHayade laTorremse.
YourExcelhcy reports that,asColombia'sclaimispredicated
onthe AsylumConvention,signedin Hal-anthe20thof Febniaq,
1928 andsincetheCubanGovernment iraa PartytosaidCunvm-
tionArticle63of theCourt'sStaturewhich grant he rightof
the Statespartiesto a conventiotointewene inthelitigations
by reasonof thesame,isapplicable\\-itheunderstandingthat
if saidrightiexercid,the constructiongiren by the judgemmt
1141beequallybindingfortheState interveniinnhe procedure.
As a re ly1 am sendin Tour ExceHlencvasan annex tothis
note, a 8emorandum l addressedto theinternationaCourt of
Justice, which contaithevie\jmsof the Governmenof Cuba
as wtll as thiGovemment'sogenml19crittrionin regartoathe
rightof asylum.
My Government hop tbat the principlesetforth in said
3Iemorandummay helpthe InternationalCwrrof Justictoform
adefinite criterionin regatheright oasylum inAmericaand
the importancethat ittnie interpretatiand efficiemainte-
nance has in the Inter-Ameriregionasystem.
1 avail myseofthisopportunity,etc.
(Si@) ERNESTD Orurca,
MinisterofStatsof Cuba.STATEMEST SUBIIITTED BY THE CUBAN GOVERKNENT
TQ THE IXTERSATIOXA CLOL'TOF'JL~STICE
SusJECT : Claimsirb~rridytb Goventme& of Colornu cottcun-
ZngékcHaya da AaTorreCM ad eomt~srdioa/tlirga8
ComtitioriOH -4qhrncO/Havatu
* . . . ... ....... *
(1)Gcwrd firijiles.Thrightofasy1um in-4mericcrinstitutes
a rocedurr,nspietby ahi humanitariansentiment, tendito
sovedilii~ultiinthepliticallifeofthemies andto diminate
harshnessand passions\\*hicotherwlise,wwld leadtoviolence
and&der.
ThishumanitariantraditionUïs uedb broadliberal rinciple,
wu inc~porated in the juridicEfeof .LeriCathrougi racticc
submittd to Americaninternationalorganizatiom,wwho$deter-r.
mineditsjurîdicastructure.
uently,a humanitarianand juridicd traditioin the
matterO aqlum hasexistedformanyyearsinAmerica,pfedicilted
oncertai pnincipltvhichhld beconsideredfundamentaiand
immuvabl Those princip lesh,have beenpracked and uphdd
byCubaandthe majorityofthe mtries of America ataltimes.
arethe following:
(a) The judgement of the politka1delinquenmm, inalI
cm, theStategrantingthe asyhim;
(b) the deiiverofthe propwsafeconducts, by thetefritaria1
Stateisthe ineritabconwuence and natuml solutioof
the asylumgranted,
(2) Crrbw'sitnide ifi caofmyEtcm T.he CubanGovernment,
for thepwpost that itsposition in tcasesof asyium
withuiitsterritorbeknown tothe IntemetionaOort of
setsfarthbkw a brieaccount of saidcased the rocedure
foiimed to tenninathemin accordanccwiththeprinciesnphdd
by Cuba.
Fimi: Whenever a Cubn citizenhas receivedasyhiminany
dipbmaticmision accrdted inCuba,theCuban Governmtnthas
honord theasytw since,inallcases,the conditiof persecuted
politicknhasbeen int-okeinfavorofthe refugeand atthe the
of pting the asylumnomrt pmcdmgs fora commoncrime
existed@nst therefuge. Themain casesin whichthe asyîum
of Cubandtizens in cmbassieor legationaccruiitein Havanahaveoc&, have beeninthe diplornatmbions of Panama,
BrazilandiIexico.
S& :As to thefom of temiinating the asyIum,Cubhas
dewied that,in aroPrdancewith Merian internationalla\\
no Amerkm Stara hasthe t todtri-iathe sumenderof a
politicrefugaewho hm foun -If inthejudicialconditions
st forthinthe foregoinpara- h, erenincms in \\-hichthe
urgencyaf asylumbas not kn Pdc\-demonstmtd and, CO-
quently,itisof tho inion thathe mannerol teminaringthe
asylum-shouid hereissuandocfthe propesaieconduct fosaid
Ofm to cavethetdtory.
T~rd: IPhassoha penedin Cuba inthe foliorv hages(a)
orgeAhdo Belty L irez bJ Pedro CueAbm and Carlw
Rubio;(d) MartinMencdDomandoPdrosaJlartinezFraga; a(4O
FaustoMenocal,Filido ArgüeUesandRicardoDolz.fn thecases
enumerated,th Cubangovwnmen t athetimcinpower.although
consideringthatherefugeesran nu ri&of bcingtheobjectof
unjwt orarbitmry-th, honord. fothe reams setforh
intheforegohgpamgmphs,esch and alcw ofasj.lum.
(3)Imkpuidwn a/th Cowntww O/ Hmwa, tr": iililigltd
O/ dhw ptrmcipks:(a)The 1928 Conwntion of atana dearly
cstablishthelcgithaq of theas~lumgrantedtopolitid ddin-
quents,anddoes notcontainin anyof ides or provisionany
judgement oftheypolitical delin wnshouldb madettby the
courrtrygrantingtheasyhrm.Onecontrary,thisdwwra#rbi
isunavoidabl inordertbt the asylummagproceed normally,
since iisnotlogid to entrusto theterritona$tateat times
intmstea in circumstm~ of pditicdexcitementthe righto
dede astothejudgementof the @itM dehquency.
Thiswas theinteqmtationwhictheAmericanjnristswhowere
charge wdith the pmparatorywofortheConventiononPoiitid
AsyIum,giFZnein Montevidein 1933,boreinmind trdetermine
exprdy insai donventionthit "tjudgement apoliticaldelin-
qiaencycomm theStaw whichofws
asylum and &ahubthemMontevideoConventioadeemadthaththe
s iriof the HavanaConventionmightbe mkepmted assaid
k mention did mt containwplicitlthe provisiofidi was
in itCO& the rightto judgthe ch- of the
uency.bquwtly, thetetritarStiteinmanymr& &-
ingtofrustratethepurposoftheasylum,mightchargCherefugee
with preexistincornmm aimes,knowing ,sassertebytheSub
CownisgioniW, that the wfugeethenwwId have to minindeânitelyithelegati oandelteradhim,ttansform ittg-
byinto ard prhn,
On theder hand,u eflecthgthemendmerits totheCon-
ventionofHavana,in $ "ntevide in.933 ,heminent Pmvb
intwnationdbt, VictoM. Ma-, at thetime Secreta ry the
Inter-AmwicanTnstitntof InternationLaw, prepareùa report,
video Coference,andwhichservedasaniinspirationanlm&onfor
fie saidamendmats tothe x@ Canvenfim. Tbisreport,in its
pertkt part,expressthattheInttr-Amdan IntititofInter-
nationahw kitivesthat said mightservetoclarii ina
healrhymner theConvention7o"Hama, and that tbcLdgt;
ment ofthe titicaldelinquemycomqmnds to theStatewvhrcb
ders theasyum.
It mal beinfemedfromthe abovestatcment thattheprincipie
thatthejudgmentcorqmùs tothecountv thatuffemthe =y-
lwn was incorpomtedin thenatureof the righof asylumitself
beforeit waexprdy takm to the 1333MontevideoConvention,
and thatcd intheclraftingof the nconvention.Conwqucntiy,
partCu nGo\-ernmentdeemsthat thejudgment ofthe character
of thedelinuencyby the Statgrantingtheasylumis a incipie
of 511tfunaamenta1naturethat itsnon-obmancc WOUfd make
thejuridicainstitutiofeasg-luvhich enjoy se highesmoral
and human idtam,inoperatitandnseless.andthat th1928Con-
ventiond Havanashouldbe construedinthesensethat ih li-
ciilyb&a~s on theÇtsteofferhgtheDIylumthe rightto ju$
the natureothe delinguency.
(b) Inconmction \ritthe ddiveryd the safe<on&ctswhich
naturalsolutionofttieasyliimnnted,itisintefesti~tainrite
tbeCm'sattention toSwtion Fhtrdaftlrtidez of t~gzSCon-
reneionofHat-anaw, hichreadasfollows:
Thiid: Thegwerament of the Statemay rqiiirthat the
refiqghé sentoutof thnationaltbtwy withintheshortest
tk ~OBS~ ;~Id the diplmaticagentofthe countryu;ho
hi-pted the asylummay inturn quire the guaranties
necm forthe departureof therefuge, hidue regardta
ihcinviohbilitOJhispem, fromthe cwntq.
Thesepttratimd betiveenthetwo~pbsdtheafore-
aid ation, byvirtneo the sembbn, repmts theexistenceof
two Merentrights which thewrittrsof said juridicaldocument
boreinmind,and whicb arethefoliowing:
(1)The rigttof thterritoriStats trequirethattherefuge
be sentoutofthenationalterritorywiththeshortesttime
psible. (2)The rightofthediplomntiagentotthemnt~granting the
uir hegnarantiesnecmary inorderthatthi:
his inviolabilitinootherd,oriathed~ttrjthetemtorial
Statetaissuethep"pr safwonducts.
Aside lm the forepoinglegdtechnid reasons,theCuban
Governmeatmuiders rbat toadmit the opete thesisnamelp,
that the territorStateis notbound,as aoonquence of the
areictkdy carry~4thitthe annulmentof saidinstitutiofasy-
km, inmuch as,inthst case,a pdure of an mceptional
Wcter wouldbe startedthetemrnation ofwhich wouldbe at
the dl1ofoniy one ofthe partie3theretand pmisely the one
probably1- interest4 in terniinrit.g
On the otherhand,the indehite nnaneracoef threfugeein
a diplomtic mission,rvhkhmvht g: chw-n hm the cerntwial
State'snon-recognitiof its ob tiontohue theafe-conàucts,
might causethetransformatioY the lqation'orembasy's stat
intoa realprison,withal1thseriouimplicationwhichmch fxt
predceinhas confimeil thathe deiiverofothesafeanduct, inan
case ofwyiurn grantedinamrdance \\?ththe Con\-entim,
isinorder.
Theseargumenb show,intheopinionof the CubanGovernmet,
that the territorStatehas thejuridid obligatiotoisw the
safe-condnctapplicdforbythe Statmthg theasylum,u-ithin
a dlscréem, hamuch asthisistheonlylegalIogTcandmord
solutioof the asyiw grated.
Declaration of intervention by the Government of Cuba