Volume III - Annexes 1-57 | INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

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171-20220308-WRI-01-02-EN

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INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING ARBITRAL AWARD OF 3 OCTOBER 1899 CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA v. BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA GUYANA’S MEMORIAL ON THE MERITS VOLUME III 8 March 2022

VOLUME III ANNEXES BOOKS AND ARTICLES Annex 1 Otto Schoenrich, “The Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Dispute”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 43, No. 3 (July 1949) Annex 2 Willard L. King, MELVILLE WESTON FULLER –CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES 1888-1910 (Macmillan Company, 1950) (excerpt) Annex 3 Clifton J. Child, “The Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Arbitration of 1899”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1950) Annex 4 S. Garavini Di Turno, “[La traición de Chávez] Chávez’s treason”, El Imparcial (22 Jan. 2012) Annex 5 Clare Cushman, “David J. Brewer 1890-1910” in SUPREME COURT JUSTICES:ILLUSTRATED BIOGRAPHIES (CQ Press, 2013) (excerpt) Annex 6 Clare Cushman, “Melville W. Fuller 1888-1910” in SUPREME COURT JUSTICES:ILLUSTRATED BIOGRAPHIES (CQ Press, 2013) (excerpt) Annex 7 Foreign Ministry of Guyana, THE NEW CONQUERORS:THE VENEZUELAN THREAT TO THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GUYANA(2016) (excerpt)
LETTERS AND DIPLOMATIC DESPATCHES Annex 8 Account of a Journey to Guiana and the Island of Trinidad, performed in the Years 1597 and 1598, submitted to the States-General by the “Commies-Generaal” by A. Cabeliau (3 Feb. 1599) Annex 9 Extract from Despatches in reference to Treaty of Truce finally made in 1609 from the Marquis de Spinola to the King of Spain (7 Jan. 1607) Annex 10 Cedula Issued by the King of Spain to the Governor of the City of Santo Thomé de la Guyana (9 Aug. 1621) Annex 11 Letter of the Request of the City of Santo Thomé and Island of Trinidad of the Presidency of Guayana for Help (undated, likely issued in 1621) Annex 12 Extract of Letter from the Corporation of the Island of Trinidad to the King of Spain (11 Apr. 1637) Annex 13 Letter from Don Diego Lopez de Escobar, Governor of Guayana and Trinidad, to the King of Spain (28 May 1637) (Inclosure in Letter from Jacques Ousiel, late Public Advocate and Secretary of the Tobago, to the West India Company (1637)) Annex 14 Letter to the King of Spain from the Corporation of Trinidad Concerning the state of the town of Santo Thomé of Guiana, taken, plundered, and burnt by the Dutch, and the Indian Caribs, who also threatened the said island of Trinidad with a powerful fleet (27 Dec. 1637) Annex 15 Letter from Captain Edward Thompson, R.N. to Lord Sackville (22 Apr. 1781)
Annex 16 Letter from Mr. Schomburgk to Governor Light (1 July 1839) (Inclosure in Letter from the Colonial Office to the Foreign Office (6 Mar. 1840)) Annex 17 Letter from Lord J. Russell to Governor Light (23 Apr. 1840) (Inclosure in Letter from Colonial Office to Foreign Office (28 Apr. 1840)) Annex 18 Letter from Viscount Palmerston to Sir R. Ker Porter (28 Nov. 1840), Letter from Mr. O’Leary to Viscount Palmerston (24 Jan. 1841) and Letter from Mr. O’Leary to Viscount Palmerston (2 Feb. 1841) Annex 19 Letter from Señor Aranda to Governor Light (31 Aug. 1841) and Letter from Governor Light to Señor Aranda (20 Oct. 1841) (Inclosures in Letter from Governor Light to Lord Stanley (21 Oct. 1841)) Annex 20 Letter from Mr Schomburgk to Governor Light (15 Sept. 1841)Annex 21 Letter of Mr. Schomburgk to Governor Light (30 Nov. 1841) enclosing Memorandum by Mr. Schomburgk Annex 22 Letter from Señor Calcaño to the Earl of Derby (14 Nov. 1876)Annex 23 Letter from Señor de Rojas to the Earl of Derby (13 Feb. 1877)Annex 24 Letter from The Marquess of Salisbury to Señor de Rojas (10 Jan. 1880) Annex 25 Letter from Señor Seijas to Colonel Mansfield (15 Nov. 1883) Annex 26 Letter from Señor Seijas to Colonel Mansfield (9 Apr. 1884) (Inclosure in Letter from Colonel Mansfield to Earl Granville (18 Apr. 1884))
Annex 27 Annex 28 Annex 29 Annex 30 Annex 31 Annex 32 Annex 33 Annex 34 Annex 35 Annex 36 Annex 37 Annex 38 Annex 39 LetterfromEarlGranvilletoColonelMansfield(29Feb.1884)LetterfromSeñorUrbanejatoMr.F.R.St.John(20Feb.1887)Letter from Mr. Andrade to Mr. Gresham (19Dec. 1894)LetterfromSeñorAndrade to Minister Ezequiel Rojas(9 Jan. 1897) LetterfromJamesJ.StorrowtoDr.P.EzequielRojas,Venezuelan Minister ofForeign Affairs(26 Jan. 1987)LetterfromS.Mallet-PrevosttoSirRichardWebster(22Apr.1899)PrivateDiaryEntriesofProfFyodorFyodorovichMartens(4June 1899 - 3 Oct. 1899)LetterfromMrBuchanantoLordSalisbury,No.52(24July1899)LetterfromBenjaminHarrisontotheHon.HenryWhite(3Oct.1899)LetterfromLordRusselltoLordSalisbury(7Oct.1899),in Papersof 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Vol. A/94, Doc. No. 2LetterfromSirCavendishBoyletoMichaelMcTurk,Esquire,and Captain Arthur Wybrow Baker(24 Sept. 1900)LetterfromSirM.E.GrantDufftoLordSalisbury,No.101(26Sept. 1900)Letterfrom Michael McTurk (24 Nov. 1900)
Annex 40 Annex 41 Annex 42 Annex 43 Annex 44 Annex 45 Annex 46 Annex 47 Annex 48 Annex 49 Annex 50 Letter from Walter Sendall to J.Chamberlain (10Apr. 1901)LetterfromMr.PerkinstoGovernmentSecretary (9Jan.1905)LetterfromF.M.HodgsontoAlfredLytteltonenclosing AbrahamTirado,MinisterofForeignAffairs,ReportoftheFrontiertowards BritishGuiana (20 Mar. 1905)LetterfromAlejandroYbarratoP.C.Wyndham(19June1905)LetterfromMr.Bax-IronsidetoGeneralYbarra(20Feb.1906)(InclosureinLetterfromMrBax-IronsidetoSirEdwardGrey(10 Mar. 1906))Letter from Dr. Paúl to Mr. Bax-Ironside (10 Oct. 1906) ExtractfromaDespatchinreferencetothefoundingofaDutchWestIndiaCompanyfromDonJuandeMancicidortoSecretary Prada(7 Jan. 1607)LetterfromMr.O’ReillytoSirEdwardGrey(July1907)(Inclosure in LetterfromForeign Office to Colonial Office (11July 1907))Letter from Señor Paúl to Mr. O’Reilly (4 Sept. 1907) (Inclosure in LetterfromMr. O’Reilly to Sir Edward Grey(5Sept. 1907))Letter from Sir EdwardGrey to Mr. O’Reilly (18 Oct. 1907)LetterfromSirV.CorbetttoDr.JosédePaúl(25Feb.1908)(InclosureinLetterfromSirV.CorbetttoSirEdwardGrey(25Feb. 1908))
Annex 51 Annex 52 Annex 53 Annex 54 Annex 55 Annex 56 Annex 57 Letter from J. de J. Paúl to Sir Vincent Corbett (12 Mar. 1908) (Inclosure in Letter from Sir Vincent Corbett to Sir E. Grey (16 Mar. 1908)) LetterfromGeneralJuanVicenteGomez,PresidentoftheU.S.of Venezuela(1 Feb. 1911)LetterfromtheVenezuelanMinisterforForeignAffairs,P.Itriago Chacín, to W. O’Reilly(31 Oct. 1931)TelegramfromP.ItriagoChacín,toW.O’Reilly(23Nov.1931)Letter from P.Itriago Chacín, No. 1157/2 (3 Nov.1932)Letter from the Venezuelan Foreign Minister, E.Gil Borges, toBritish Ambassador in Caracas, D. Gainer (15Apr. 1941)ProceedingsoftheWestIndiaCompany(ZeelandChamber)(1626-1628)
Annex 1 Otto Schoenrich, “The Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Dispute”, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 43, No. 3 (July 1949)

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Annex 2 Willard L. King, MELVILLE WESTON FULLER – CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES 1888-1910 (Macmillan Company, 1950) (excerpt)

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Annex 3 Clifton J. Child, “The Venezuela-British Guiana Boundary Arbitration of 1899”, American Journal of International Law, Vol. 44, No. 4 (1950)

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Annex 4 S. Garavini Di Turno, “[La traición de Chávez] Chávez’s treason”, El Imparcial (22 Jan. 2012)

259 W 30thStreet, 11thFloor New York, NY 10001 +1.212.631.7432STATE OF NEW YORK)))COUNTY OF NEW YORK) ssCERTIFICATIONThis is to certify that the attached translation is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, a true and accuratetranslation fromSpanish into Englishof the attached article, dated January 22, 2012.Lionbridge
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2/4/2021 Chavez’s treason | El Imparcial https://www.elimparcial.es/noticia/98221/opinion/la-traicion-de-chavez… 1/2 […] Chavez’s treason Sunday, January 22, 2012 10:48 p.m. In February 2007, President Chavez claimed, and since then has repeated on several occasions, that renewal of the Venezuelan claim to Essequibo territory in 1962 by the government of Romulo Betancourt was the result of pressure from the United States, which was supposedly interested in destabilizing the autonomous (though not yet independent) government of the Prime Minister of what was then known as British Guiana, Cheddi Jagan, who was a Marxist – a self-confessed Leninist. Commenting on the president’s statement and the reputed brotherhood between the two “socialist and antiimperialist” governments in an interview with the El Nacional newspaper, the Guyanese ambassador in Caracas at the time, Odeen Ishmael, asserted that President Chavez should “take a step forward to withdraw the Venezuelan claim.” The claim that the US pressured Venezuela to renew its territorial claim, while untrue, may have some relative historical credibility. Recall that in 1961, in the middle of the Cold War, Castro’s Cuba moved over to the Soviet Bloc, and the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion took place in April of that year. The so-called “no second Cuba policy” was developed by the US government, which went on to become the cornerstone of US foreign policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean during the greater part of the 60’s. Against this backdrop, an independent Guyana with Jagan in power had all the trappings of a potential “second Cuba” in Washington’s view. Meanwhile, in the early 60’s the Betancourt administration was dealing with an insurrectionist movement inspired and financed by Cuba in line with the Guevarist philosophy of “exporting the revolution.” In 1962, Betancourt had to quell two bloody coup attempts known as “El Carupanazo” and “El Porteñazo,” which were brought on by the infiltration of Castro-inspired members of the Armed Forces. The commonality of interests shared between Betancourt and President Kennedy is obvious. Betancourt needed US support to deal with both the leftist insurrection and the plotting by the military right-wing, backed by the Dominican dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo until his death in May 1961. Betancourt also needed US support to face the severe economic crisis brought on by falling oil prices. Kennedy viewed Venezuelan representative democracy as an alternative model to Castro’s Cuba in Latin America. For a model to be appealing it needs to be successful, so much of Kennedy’s Latin American policy was based on the success of the Venezuelan democratic experiment. In the context of this “special relationship” between Kennedy and
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2/4/2021 Chavez’s treason | El Imparcial https://www.elimparcial.es/noticia/98221/opinion/la-traicion-de-chavez… 2/2 Betancourt, which was personally reaffirmed during Kennedy’s visit to Caracas in late 1961, the hypothesis of a Betancourt-Kennedy agreement to use the Venezuelan claim in order to prevent the emergence of a “second Cuba” in the hemisphere would not be inconceivable. For Venezuela, it was not just about taking advantage of a unique historical situation to recover the territory lost under the unfair Arbitral Award of 1899, but instead to prevent the establishment of a regime that could become a support base for a potential guerrilla foco in the nation’s east. Still, an event that has historical credibility is not necessarily true. The Betancourt administration obviously sought out and secured the support of the Kennedy administration given the above-mentioned commonality of their interests in the matter, which, incidentally, ended after Kennedy’s death with Burnham’s rise to power in 1964, who skillfully called attention to his stance against communism during those years to garner the US and Great Britain’s support for his aspirations. Indeed, with Burnham in power, the US withdrew its support for our claim. In reality, the Guyanese position is a complete historical falsehood. Renewal of the claim was a completely independent process within the Venezuelan government brought on by the imminency of Guyana’s independence. It’s also obvious from everything said that, with Guyana still a British colony in 1962, there was no need “to use” the Venezuelan claim to prevent a pro-communist government from emerging in the future independent nation; all that was needed was for the British government to put off independence until Burnham and his anti-communist allies won elections. More recently, the Guyanese government has echoed Ambassador Ishmael’s calls for Venezuela to abandon the claim for good, relying on the statements of President Chavez, which, incredibly, assume the position of the most chauvinist groups of the Guyanese government, politically delegitimatizing the claim on its own by asserting that it was nothing more than a spurious instrument of the Cold War. President Chávez could be charged with treason.
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2/4/2021 La traición de Chávez | El Imparcial
https://www.elimparcial.es/noticia/98221/opinion/la-traicion-de-chavez… 1/2
opinión
Jueves, 4 de Febrero de 2021. Actualizado a las 12:50
OPINIÓN ESPAÑA INTERNACIONAL CULTURA ECONOMÍA SOCIEDAD DEPORTES COMUNICACIÓN GENTE  BUSCAR
SADIO GARAVINI DI
TURNO
Exembajador
279 artículos
La traición de Chávez
Domingo 22 de enero de 2012, 20:48h
En febrero del 2007, el Presidente Chávez a􀂦rmó, y
desde entonces lo ha repetido en varias ocasiones,
que la reactivación de la reclamación venezolana
sobre el territorio Esequibo en 1962, por parte del
Gobierno de Rómulo Betancourt, fue producto de la
presión de los Estados Unidos, supuestamente
interesados en desestabilizar el gobierno autónomo
(pero todavía no independiente) del Primer Ministro de
la entonces Guayana Británica, Cheddi Jagan, quien
era un marxista –leninista confeso. El entonces
embajador guyanés en Caracas, Odeen Ishmael., en una entrevista
concedida al diario El Nacional, sustentándose, en esa declaración
presidencial y en la supuesta hermandad entre los dos gobiernos
“socialistas y antiimperialistas”, a􀂦rmó que el Presidente Chávez debería
“dar un paso al frente para retirar el reclamo venezolano. La a􀂦rmación de
que los EEUU presionaron a Venezuela para que reactivara su reclamación
territorial, aunque incierta, podría tener una relativa credibilidad histórica.
Recordemos que en 1961, en plena “Guerra Fría”, la Cuba castrista se pasó
al bloque de la Unión Soviética y en abril de ese año se dio la fracasada
invasión de Bahía de Cochinos. En el gobierno de EEUU, se desarrolló la
llamada “no second Cuba policy”, que se convirtió en el eje central de la
política exterior norteamericana hacia la América Latina y el Caribe, durante
la mayor parte de la década de los ’60. En ese contexto, una Guyana
independiente, con Jagan al poder, tenía, a los ojos de Washington, todas
las características de una potencial “segunda Cuba”. Por su parte, el
Gobierno de Betancourt se enfrentaba, en los primeros años de la década
del ’60, a un movimiento insurreccional, que era inspirado y 􀂦nanciado por
Cuba, dentro de la tesis guevarista de la “exportación de la revolución”. En
1962, Betancourt, tuvo que sofocar dos sangrientos conatos de golpe de
Estado, conocidos como el “Carupanazo” y el “Porteñazo”, provocados por
la in􀂦ltración de elementos “castristas” en la Fuerzas Armadas. La
coincidencia de intereses entre Betancourt y el Presidente Kennedy es
evidente. Betancourt necesitaba el apoyo norteamericano para enfrentar
tanto la insurrección izquierdista, como las conspiraciones de la derecha
militarista, auspiciadas hasta su muerte, en mayo de 1961, por el dictador
dominicano Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. También, a nivel económico,
Betancourt requería del apoyo norteamericano por la grave crisis, que se
desató por una caída de los precios del petróleo. Para Kennedy, la
democracia representativa venezolana era el modelo alternativo a la Cuba
castrista en América Latina. Un modelo para ser atractivo debe ser exitoso,
por tanto gran parte de la política de Kennedy hacia la América Latina
pasaba por el éxito del experimento democrático venezolano. En el marco
de esta “special relationship”, entre Kennedy y Betancourt, rea􀂦rmada en lo
SÁNCHEZ, GENUFLEXO
ANTE RUFIÁN
 Siete meses de cárcel a El Melillero
por maltratar a la madre de su hijo
 El Marcapáginas vuelve a la radio y
celebra el centenario de Berlanga
 El CIS de Tezanos mantiene a Illa
como ganador y apuesta por el
tripartito que busca Sánchez
 Cataluña amplía el horario de la
hostelería y decreta el
confinamiento comarcal desde el
lunes
 Madrid responde al último ataque
de Montero: "Deje de señalarnos"
• El Gobierno no puede ocultar
el informe del Consejo de
Estado sobre los fondos
europeos
• La inesperada alianza entre
Sánchez y Abascal para hundir
C d
Ayuso sugiere que
"allegados" de Más
Madrid están detrás
del sabotaje al
hospital Isabel
Zendal
Nueva York y el
noreste de EEUU
empiezan a
recuperarse del
temporal de nieve
 
Privacidad
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2/4/2021La traición de Chávez | El Imparcialhttps://www.elimparcial.es/noticia/98221/opinion/la-traicion-de-chavez… comentariosPortada | Hemeroteca | Búsquedas | [ RSS - XML ] | Política de privacidad y cookies | Aviso Legal El Imparcial.es 2014 ContactochavezVenezuelapersonal durante la visita de Kennedy a Caracas, a 􀂦nes de 1961, no seríainconcebible la hipótesis de un acuerdo Betancourt-Kennedy de utilizar lareclamación venezolana para impedir el surgimiento de una “segundaCuba”en el hemisferio. Para Venezuela no se trataba solamente deaprovechar una coyuntura histórica única, para recuperar el territorioperdido con el injusto Laudo Arbitral de 1899, sino de evitar elestablecimiento de un régimen que, podría convertirse en una base deapoyo para un potencial foco guerrillero en el oriente del país. Ahora bien,un acontecimiento, que tiene credibilidad histórica, no necesariamente esverdadero. Obviamente, el gobierno de Betancourt buscó y logró el apoyode la administración Kennedy, por la mencionada coincidencia coyunturalde sus intereses, al respecto. Coincidencia, por cierto , que se terminó,después de la muerte de Kennedy, con la llegada al poder en 1964 deBurnham , que, en esos años, enfatizaba ,hábilmente, su anticomunismo,para obtener el apoyo de los EEUU y de la Gran Bretaña para susaspiraciones. En efecto, con Burnham al poder, los EEUU dejaron de apoyarnuestra reclamación. En realidad, la posición guyanesa es una absolutafalsedad histórica. La reactivación de la reclamación fue un procesoabsolutamente autónomo, dentro del gobierno venezolano, provocado porla inminencia de la independencia de Guyana. Además, es obvio por todo lodicho que, siendo Guyana en 1962 una colonia británica, para evitar que, enel futuro Estado independiente, surgiese un gobierno 􀂦locomunista no fuenecesario “utilizar” la reclamación venezolana, sólo bastó que el GobiernoBritánico postergara la independencia hasta que Burnham y sus aliadosanticomunistas ganaran las elecciones. Más recientemente, el gobierno guyanés ha reiterado el llamado delEmbajador Ishmael para que Venezuela abandone de􀂦nitivamente lareclamación, sustentándose en las declaraciones del Presidente Chávez,que, increíblemente, asume la posición de los grupos más chauvinistas delGobierno guyanés, deslegitimando políticamente la reclamación en sí, ala􀂦rmar que fue sólo un espurio instrumento de la Guerra Fría. El Presidente Chávez podría ser acusado de traición a la patria. ¿Te ha parecido interesante esta noticia? Si (0) No(0)Explota unprototipo de la naveque quiere llevarhumanos a la Lunay MarteIglesias pierde losnervios ante GarcíaEgea: "¿Pero quéhace, señoría?" (C) 2008 Editorial Imparcial de Occidente SA Alfonso XII, 36 4º 28014 Madrid Tel. 917583912Privacidad
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Annex 5 Clare Cushman, “David J. Brewer 1890-1910” in SUPREME COURT JUSTICES: ILLUSTRATED BIOGRAPHIES (CQ Press, 2013) (excerpt)

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Annex 6 Clare Cushman, “Melville W. Fuller 1888-1910” in SUPREME COURT JUSTICES: ILLUSTRATED BIOGRAPHIES (CQ Press, 2013) (excerpt)

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Annex 7 Foreign Ministry of Guyana, THE NEW CONQUERORS: THE VENEZUELAN THREAT TO THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GUYANA (2016) (excerpt)

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Annex 8 Account of a Journey to Guiana and the Island of Trinidad, performed in the Years 1597 and 1598, submitted to the States-General by the “Commies-Generaal” by A. Cabeliau (3 Feb. 1599)

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Annex 9 Extract from Despatches in reference to Treaty of Truce finally made in 1609 from the Marquis de Spinola to the King of Spain (7 Jan. 1607)

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Annex 10 Cedula Issued by the King of Spain to the Governor of the City of Santo Thomé de la Guyana (9 Aug. 1621)

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Annex 11 Letter of the Request of the City of Santo Thomé and Island of Trinidad of the Presidency of Guayana for Help (undated, likely issued in 1621)

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Annex 12 Extract of Letter from the Corporation of the Island of Trinidad to the King of Spain (11 Apr. 1637)

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Annex 13 Letter from Don Diego Lopez de Escobar, Governor of Guayana and Trinidad, to the King of Spain (28 May 1637) (Inclosure in Letter from Jacques Ousiel, late Public Advocate and Secretary of the Tobago, to the West India Company (1637))

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Annex 14 Letter to the King of Spain from the Corporation of Trinidad concerning the state of the town of Santo Thomé of Guiana, taken, plundered, and burnt by the Dutch, and the Indian Caribs, who also threatened the said island of Trinidad with a powerful fleet (27 Dec. 1637)

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Annex 15 Letter from Captain Edward Thompson, R.N. to Lord Sackville (22 Apr. 1781)

BRITISH GUIANA BOUNDARY.
ARBITRATION WITH THE UNITED STATES OF VENEZUELA.
APPENDIX TO THE CASE ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT OF
HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY.
VOLUME V.
No. 587.
Captain Thompson, R.N., to Lord Sackville.
My Lord, " Hywna" River Demerara, April 22, 1781.
I HAVE the honour to enclose you the Capitulations of the Dutch subjects of the Colonies on the A
Rivers of Berbice, Demerara, and Essequebo. The estates, slaves, and stores belonging to each, which, by
command of the Admiral, I have seized for the King my master, amount to 140,000/. sterling ; also those
of such Amsterdam merchants as are not resident here, which are of great value ; but I am not able by
this conveyance to procure the particulars for your information. I have settled the Government of
these three very extensive and populous Colonies for the present in a satisfactory manner, by taking
a seat at the Council as President. This circumstance relieved the minds of the English, who are very
numerous here, of those oppressions which might be exercised by the Dutch power. I can only give your Lordship a vague idea of the extent and value of these Colonies. Berbice is
inhabited 100 miles up, and hath 100 plantations, its inhabitants, all Dutch, being about 200 Europeans
and 10,000 slaves; its produce, coffee, cocoa, cotton, and sugar. Demerara is divided into plantations
on both sides the river 160 miles inland, and so fertile that coffee, sugar, indigo, cocoa, rice, cotton,
tobacco, and corn grow spontaneously. The Bay of Essequebo, which receives three large rivers that ,?
penetrate into Spanish America and join the Amazon, contains seventy plantations, which extend from
Demerara to Fort Zelandia, whereon is the Government store-houses and officers' residences, and from
that parallel on the west coast as low as the River Pomeroun, besides the Islands Liguana,
Waekingham, &c. I have travelled over these countries with much attention, and am pleased to assure
your Lordship that they are an acquisition to the Crown of Britain of every quality and advantage, and
more particularly to support and nourish the West India Isles, and though in the latitude of 6° 48',
with constant rains and a flooded country, banked up, yet more healthfull than any of our islands, or
any other part of Spanish America in Guiana from Cayenne to Honduras. The inhabitants have but
one unanimous wish, which is to be received under the Government of Britain, and never more to
return to that of Holland. I am now collecting plans and draughts of the country, and if it is the Admiral's pleasure, I mean
to return to England and lay them at His Majesty's feet. I have, &c. p
(Signed) EDWARD THOMPSON.
Inclosure 1 in No. 587.
Articles of Capitulation.
By Sir George Bridges Rodney, Baronet, Knight of the Bath, Admiral of the White and Commanderin-
chief of His Majesty's ships and vessels employed and to be employed at Barbados, the
Leeward Islands, and the seas adjacent. And by the Honorable General John Vaughan, Com
mander-in-chief of His Majesty's land forces employed in the West Indies, &c.
WHEREAS the inhabitants of Demerara and the River Essequebo and Dependencies have
surrendered at discretion to the arms of His Britannic Majesty.
[696—5] B
Annex 15

Annex 16 Letter from Mr. Schomburgk to Governor Light (1 July 1839) (Inclosure in Letter from the Colonial Office to the Foreign Office (6 Mar. 1840))

Annex 16
Annex 16
Annex 16
Annex 16
Annex 17 Letter from Lord J. Russell to Governor Light (23 Apr. 1840) (Inclosure in Letter from Colonial Office to Foreign Office (28 Apr. 1840))

Annex 17
Annex 17
Annex 18 Letter from Viscount Palmerston to Sir R. Ker Porter (28 Nov. 1840), Letter from Mr. O’Leary to Viscount Palmerston (24 Jan. 1841) and Letter from Mr. O’Leary to Viscount Palmerston (2 Feb. 1841)

Annex 18
Annex 18
Annex 19 Letter from Señor Aranda to Governor Light (31 Aug. 1841) and Letter from Governor Light to Señor Aranda (20 Oct. 1841) (Inclosures in Letter from Governor Light to Lord Stanley (21 Oct. 1841))

Annex 19
Annex 19
Annex 19

Annex 20 Letter from Mr Schomburgk to Governor Light (15 Sept. 1841)

Annex 20

Annex 21 Letter of Mr. Schomburgk to Governor Light (30 Nov. 1841) enclosing Memorandum by Mr. Schomburgk

Annex 21
Annex 21
Annex 21
Annex 21
Annex 21

Annex 22 Letter from Señor Calcaño to the Earl of Derby (14 Nov. 1876)

Annex 22
Annex 22
Annex 22
Annex 22
Annex 22

Annex 23 Letter from Señor de Rojas to the Earl of Derby (13 Feb. 1877)

Annex 23
Annex 23
Annex 24 Letter from The Marquess of Salisbury to Señor de Rojas (10 Jan. 1880)

Annex 24
Annex 24
Annex 25 Letter from Señor Seijas to Colonel Mansfield (15 Nov. 1883)

Annex 25
Annex 25
Annex26Letter from Señor Seijas to Colonel Mansfield (9 Apr. 1884) (Inclosure in Letterfrom Colonel Mansfield to Earl Granville (18 Apr. 1884))

Annex 26
Annex 26
Annex 27 Letter from Earl Granville to Colonel Mansfield (29 Feb. 1884)

Annex 27

Annex 28 Letter from Señor Urbaneja to Mr. F. R. St. John (20 Feb. 1887)

Annex 28
Annex 28
Annex 28
Annex 28
Annex 29 Letter from Mr. Andrade to Mr. Gresham (19 Dec. 1894)

Annex30Letter from Señor Andrade to Minister Ezequiel Rojas (9 Jan. 1897)

Annex 30

Annex 31 Letter from James J. Storrow to Dr. P. Ezequiel Rojas, Venezuelan Minister of Foreign Affairs (26 Jan. 1987)

Annex 31
Annex 31
Annex 32 Letter from S. Mallet-Prevost to Sir Richard Webster (22 Apr. 1899)

Annex 32
Annex 32
Annex 33 Private Diary Entries of Prof Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens (4 June 1899-3 Oct. 1899)

Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33
Annex 33

Annex 34 Letter from Mr Buchanan to Lord Salisbury, No. 52 (24 July 1899)

Annex 34
Annex 34
Annex 34
Annex 34
Annex 35 Letter from Benjamin Harrison to the Hon. Henry White (3 Oct. 1899)

Annex 35
Annex 35
Annex 36 Letter from Lord Russell to Lord Salisbury (7 Oct. 1899), in Papers of 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Vol. A/94, Doc. No. 2

Annex 36
Annex 36
Annex 36
Annex 36
Annex 37 Letter from Sir Cavendish Boyle to Michael McTurk, Esquire, and Captain Arthur Wybrow Baker (24 Sept. 1900)

contusion. {m 12 @700 _ ‘By His Encellency Sir Cavendish Boyle,
Knight Commander of the Most
Distinguished Order of Saint
Michael and Saint Geonge, Acting
Governor and Commander in Chief
in and over the Colony of British
Guiana, Vice Admiral and Ordinary
of the same, ,.
no.1 . kc. tax.»
at Cavendish Boyle.- ,
To . ‘
Michael MoTurk, Esquire, Companion of the Most.
Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint Geonge,
. and Captain Arthur wybrow Baker, Greeting!
Whereas I am directed by her‘Majesty's Principal
Secretary of State for the Colonies to formally make
'known unto you that Her Majesty's Government have
appointed you, Michael McTurk and Arthur wybrow
Baker, to be Boundary Commissioners to demarcate the
Boundary between the Celeny of British Guiana and the
United States of Venezuela, as decided, determined,
' and anarded, on the Third day of October, One Thousand
Eight hundred and Ninety Nine, by the Tribunal of
Arbitration, constituted under Article I of the
Treaty of. Arbitration, signed at washington on the
second
Annex 37
‘seeond day of February, One ThOusand Eight. Hundred
and Ninety seven, between Great-Britain and the
United States of Venezuela‘i;
Now Know Ye, that Her Majesty's Government having
full trust and confidence in your zeal, knowledge
and discretion, have appointed you, Michael McTurk,
and Arthur Wybrow Baker, to be Boundary Commissioners, . ;
to demarcate the Boundary between the Colony of British
Guiana and the United States of Venezuela,’in accordance
with the Award of the Third day of October
One Thousand Eight Hundred and Ninety Nine, which
was as follows: -
'Starting from the coast at Point Playa, the
~'line of Boundary shall run in a straight line to
'the River Barima at its junction with the River
'.'Mururuma, and thence along the mid-stream of the
. 'latter River to its source, and from that point
i 'to the junction of the River Haiowa with the
'Arhakuru, and thence along the mid-stream of the
“Amakuru to its source in the Imateka Ridge, and
_"thenc'e in a south westerly direction along the
'highest ridge of the spur of the Imataka Mount-
'ains to the highest point of the main range
of siaeh Inst-ks M6TM¢$§K§ opposite to the sot-wee
'of the Barima, and thence along the summit of
,‘ - 'the main ridge in a south easterly direction of
'the Imataka Mountains to the source of the
'Acarabisci, and thence along the midi-stream of
'the Acarabisci to the Cuyuni, and thence along
the
Annex 37
. 'the northern bank of the River Cuyuni westward to
'its junction with the Wanamu, and'thence follow-
'ing the mid-stream of the ,Wenamu to its western;-
. 'most source, and thence in a direct line to the
'summit ofMount Roraima, and from Mount Roraima
'to the source of the Cotinga, and alongthe midthat
River to its junction with the I
'l‘ekutu, and thence along the mid-'stream'of the
'Takutu to its source, thence in a straight line '
the westernmost point of the Akarai Mountains,
'and thence along the ridge of. the Akarai Mount-
'ains to the source 'of the Corentin called the. .‘
'Cutara Biver“ .
' Her Majesty's Government hereby giving. and Granting
unto you all such rights, powers and authority
as may now", or hereafter, be legally granted to you,
and as may 'be necessary for the execution of this
£1; comission, and you are hereby required to make, through
~ the Governor of British Guiana, to Her Majesty's
Z Govmment full Report of 211 Proceedings in pursuing
' the same,:aa
Given under my hand and the Public
Seal of the Colony at the Guiana
'Public Buildings, Georgetown,
Demerera, in the Colony of British
Guiana, this twenty fourth
day of September, 1900, and of
Her Majesty's Reign the Sixty
Fourth. ‘ '
BY His Excellency's Command,
Sgd. N.Darnell Davis.
Acting Government Secretary,
Annex 37

Annex 38 Letter from Sir M.E. Grant Duff to Lord Salisbury, No. 101 (26 Sept. 1900)

Annex 38
Annex 38
Annex 38
Annex 38
Annex 39 Letter from Michael McTurk (24 Nov. 1900)

“a”
Mum"?
[.4
' V I V . A
// ' n l
iaics Mouth of Morawhanna,
t 2‘ CE? 00 Bar ima River.
' November, 24th, 1900.,
Sir,
The Geographical position of Point Playa, . ‘ I «a.
the initial point in the delimitation of the boundary
between this Colony and Venezuela, was finally deter-_-
mined by Astronomical observations on 21st November
by the Commissioners appointed by Her Majesty's I
Government and those of Venezuela. '
The result of their observations Wasz- .
Latitude 8". 53’. 22 ”. North
Longitude 59°. 59 €148”. West of Greemvich.:g
The former Latitude as determined by Mr Commissioner 1
lie Turk was 80.3 25”. North, and the Longitude )5
by the chronometer of H.L’..S.'Tribune" 59 5:?
West of Greenwich. .i
The attached document was drawn up bv the Legals
Adviser of the Venezuelan Commissioners and at their?
instigation. I asked that a translation should be _.- ._.
made in English and which the Venezuelan Comnissiqné
have signed as well as that in Spanish. Her hajest;
(if \
Comissioneis have signed both documents.
The position of Point Plays. having been finall/
decided the Commissioners will next proceed to the/.
-uouth of the nurur'uma. . 5
I have, _ HS
Sgd. Iichael Ho Turk,
. Senior Commissioner . Fonourable, \
3;.
,. I
I
The Acting Govemnent Secretary. - j
. __ r
L.
Annex 39
.o-ulll‘i'lll _\
to" H/ /'
/
“\M‘IMNT NC“ 1'0 M REPNQEUUI!
‘" _,
ruoroonhrulcoiitjihlh"‘ "
\h‘i‘i’. '
"~qf >1"
L. O.
4178!
i".!.C-.‘
hit 21 out 9.0
wnmnmta
The undersigned, monharo‘of tho
Connuaaion named by her Majesty the Queen of Grout
hritoin and Ireland to delineate technically the
boundary line between the United Staten of Vonozucla
and the Colony of British Guiana in execution of the
Award of the Paris arbitration of the 5rd of October,
lhhhlhiohdel Mo Turk. C.h.G., lat Cmmniseioner,
Captuin Arthur wybrow Baker, 2nd Co.hdsoioner,
Sunroon Captain John Charles Ponaonby Widdup, 3rd
Omnuiaaioner and Harry Innis Perkins - Land Surveyor -
4th Coumdaaiuner of the one port, and of the other
part Dre. Felipe Muerrevero and Irina Celiehios -
Engineer in Chief and legal Adviser, respectively
of the Conndaaion named with the swne object by the
Govormuont of the United States of Venezuela,
hereby
nuke knOWn that both Conndoeions having osnonmlcd am
said Award of the Paris Arbitration as the initial
point of the frontier line, and having mode the
necessary scientific observations in the once mutually
and with perfect accord determine the geographical
aituation of acid Point Plays to be
Latitude 8°. 33’. 22’C North
Longitude 59'. 59/. dB’K West of Greenwich,
on hoing‘the fixed point of the boundary line on the
Coast of the Atlantic betwconthhe United Staten of
Venezuela
i
I
l Point Floyd. the place on the Coast designntod by the
Annex 39
Clo. ’ ., [Ill/5‘,‘2'
I a Gm — Nor IO “jMP-RQDUCLD «WOFOGRM‘EL’ - ‘ ..
:1. E
Venezuela'md the Colony of British Guiana in accordance
with the decision of the Arbitral Tribunal.
Done with the same effect and tenour, one in
Emlish, and one in Spanish at Morawhana the 24th
day of November, 1900. .
~ swsw. —,
V<MW=r’ Sad. iichael Ho Turk. Sgd.'F.Aguerrevore. _ - '
:- A.W.Ba.kor.
' J.C.P.Widdup. ' Irino Celis Rios.
I H.I.Perkins.
I
i
Annex 39

Annex 40 Letter from Walter Sendall to J. Chamberlain (10 Apr. 1901)

i“
f
[I A!‘ ,v [‘1LUAI :10“
mph...
Government House ,
confidential. ‘ I I G°°r3°t°m .Domerara,
. '
‘ " /0 April 1901.
Sir,
1' In continuation of my confidential despatch g
$0? the 8th ultimo and of previous correspondence on
“1%the subject of the demarcation of the boundary line
between this Colony and Venez'uela,IILhave the honour to
it has been decided by the Venezuelan
" uni-British commissioners to suspend operations until
the end of the wet season which has now set in, that is,
w~-1,
probably to August or September next.
NN"_
, _ 2.‘ _'.l‘he Conn'nissioners have now returned to this
‘_ am informed that a Venezuelan vessel of war
has been despatched from Trinidad to convey the
commissioners of that Country to La Guayra on their
a .. h.
return to Caracas .
. WI 0". 5, - I beg to transmit herewith copies of further
5. "I, . no" report: which hm; seen received from in." British
. KIM . Conunissioners,from which it will be “m fa“
._ - - - — I
A
.. .
e
In '
E a Right]!Honourable
i 'Fh‘mherlain IIIJP. I Geo is GEo. I
Annex 40
' work. of demarcation has been completed to the head of
the Amaoura River. I I 4. The British Comissioners,in the meantime,
have resumed the duties of their substantive offices,
-_ ( l respectively. H M r h I .. I
I have tie honour to be,
Sir, '
Your most obedient,
.' . ‘ .- ",' - ' humble Servant,
.I. ' , . Governor.
l
. . . r.. >—u..p-- I )
Annex 40
Annex 41 Letter from Mr. Perkins to Government Secretary (9 Jan. 1905)

;Illlilli Eiiluuiiii iillii'i
“I /548.
T — N6T“ic'>""‘il'e*“ RFPRODUCH) l'HOIOCNAPHICA""‘--- ' . ALLY—...WILUQ
Ii
‘ Tribunal Award \\l‘l'l'tll':l.\\'ll upon it from the \vai-rnniust source of the chnmu
Pin-31%,,” Hominid, Mini l authorized him in plum it Ll ' ' “ii m inn) 0 'e ' '- -
to sigma. [,c pi H 01 which were
‘tllon'. .. . ..
-l. “‘0 V(r|1/.llil.ili “mm'l'lU ("“lll'mi-‘m'ii'l'..l)I‘. 'l‘irmln.hnving Muted that while
-iu liii'Oili'UI ll‘l“l"“i,‘£ Hm him (ii the wnlm-nhml hutwnun the (‘aroni Ciiyiiiii , s ’
_ ,.. .
and Mnssiiiiilil '1“"11.."_th14_1.“_1‘ AH u. more suituhlu honndury than the straight line he
i iiisti'iiililii“ mm Uh (invui-nnuiiil. to adopt il..and that if it were adriptcd’hin‘ linil 1“ l l . .
villi \\ 0‘1 ( lHllllH) (/(llllIv,“l|hllilll"1‘] llllh‘illlllcll “H lgl'itiHll Guiana wollhl ‘lil‘
r
Gorcriilii l i t 1
- tni (‘X (in, o 222‘ g I - ' . . _ to 0 Mint“) nnlLH,Lho Uiill’nanSlOlNu'B mutually agree to territor) . . .
sendin‘tliefivcmld'm‘p'mii .l”‘“L liii‘l’m'ir “11 Lllii Siiliicct dated the 10th Januar The
matter is rclorrvd to iii the (TU‘I'I'CSIIiHlliullcu noted ill the margin.” The Re ordain not
signed hy the Venezuelan Coininmsioimr, Dr. Tom. I understand tint re did not
nth it; hut Dr. liriulo, whom I have seen, says that Dr. Tom win; not present
some \ . _
“than tho hm" "l “1" \i'aturslhed was traversed and that no value will be attachei to the
nbsrmo of his signature.
5- “71th ““gnml to M“ Andam‘m's X‘Oport, Mr. Perkins, in a covering letter. has
called my attention to that part of paragraph :25 which I have ma1‘ked.+ It appears
that the source of the Cotinga or Kwateng River is on Mount Roraima and not on
MountYakontipii,which Iii-Sumo 6 miles distant. As Yakontipu Mountain was the ‘
hurting point of the Brnmlian Boundary Award, it follows that there is a short ,
distance of 0 miles, the boundary of which has not been delimited either on behalf of i
Brand or on behalf of Venezuela. The waters of the Kwateno River find their way to l
the Amazon, and therefore/the boundary would presumablyobe one for arrangement l
between British Guiana and Brazil. I suggest that the Agreement already come to
between British Guiana and Brazil be supplemented by a short Agreement, brin'ririg
the boundary between this country and Brazil up to the point where the boundary
between British Guiana and Venezuela terminates. Mr. Perkins, who is now on leave
in England, could give the necessary particulars. I have, 850.
(Signed) F. M. EODGSON. -
. _
lnclosure 5 in No. I.
Mr. Perkins to Government Secretary. -
, - Georgetown, January 9, 1905.
I HAVE the honour to submit the following Report on the work of the Boundary
Commission from September 1903 2—— ,
2. After completing the survey of the Akarabisi and Cuyuni Rivers, Mr. Anderson
and myself were occupied in Georgetown working out the results of our observations
and measurements, and had not‘been able to finish this part of our duty when the
Venezuelan Commissioners, Ser'iors Tirade, Tom, and Blanca, arrived—8th July—from
Venezuela, with a view to continuing the demarcation. The weather at the tiine was
not favourable for survey work in the interior, and on my suggestion they decided to
irait till the commencement of the dry season in Se temher. It had been found
“."lierative to send to Englandj'or cleaning and repairs, t e three chronometers used on
"'esul'ch; and as I found that the time before this could be done, and the instruments
returned to Demerara, would be a matter of two and a-half inontlis,I arranged
With the Venezuelan Commissioners to start with them at an early date in September.
3. The chronometers were received in August,_and steps were at once taken to
rate them re matter to our roceedin into the interior. Through the kindness
of the Govgmim, Sir yAlexandeiP Swetteiiliam, we were permitted to set up the transrt
tlieodolite in the "rounds of Government House for astrotonomthiecalGovweorrnk,or asndprenmeistehso.
clirononleters “ '1 . f close 'ere 'e t at the res1dence of one 0 us,
Our Work “’33 greatlypfacilitated. Unfortunately, one of the chronometers was found
tomaintain so irregular a rate that it was considered unadVisalile to take it up-country
with us, and another instrument belonging to the Hsaurbbsoeuqru-enmtalsyterresturdneepdarttometnhet fhiarsm
submtilted for it. The defective chrenpmeter was
August 11; Secretary of State,
Sir,
. iii 28;d'tto.Se to be 27 t'loSecrem-yof State,May 31; ditto, J y I p m r ’
1 See bracketed paragraphs in Inclosuro 7. _
1904
l
,.
_.-“r
Annex 41
PUBLIC RECORD OFFIC
RE
CO. //I /5£/8. 1L 'F
.;
_BE REPRODULED PHb‘Iojc‘M‘pHICALLv WIT U
_
4.
who had repaired and cleaned it, and was eventually taken over by them in part.
Payment for :i new ouo that they supplied.
4. On account of the numerous cataracts lying between the Cuyuni mouth and the ) i (J
Government station at Arrawnk Matopc, I instructed Mr. Anderson (who had been
appointed co-Couumssioncr with me) to convey the chronometers and large transit
theodolite across the Kninaria road, and join the boats of the expedition at the station.
The rating was not quite complete when, in company with Seiiors Tom and Blanco, I
left Georgetown on the 10th September for Bartica, whither all the stores for our
journey and subsequent work had been previously dispatched. At Bartica the next
day was occupied in loading our six boats, three of them belonging to each Commission,
and manned by over 100 men in all, including captains and bownien. Messrs. Tiradoand
Anderson remained in Gcorgetown to l'inisli retina the chronometel‘s, and joined “5
at Arrawak Matope on the thl . ‘ D '
5. Senors Tom, Blanco, and myself left Bartica on the 12th September, about ' ,
9'15 A.M., and camped at Aliaio Cataract, and, continuing our journey, reached Arrawak '
Matope at 4 I’.M. on the 15th. Considerable difficulty was experienced in getting the
two largest'of our boats up through the falls, and I foresaw that the general progress of' .
the expedition up the river would be delayed in consequence of their being less easily
propelled than the other smaller craft. In face, however, of our experiences during our- 3
last journey, when we left our principal boat with its load of stores to follow behind us, ~
and its subsequent swamping, I determined to keep in touch with all the boats during ‘
the whole upward journey, and particularly wherever there were cataracts to be
surmounted.
6. On the 16th, whilst waiting for Messrs. Tirado and Anderson, I ordered the. ;
boatmen to go fprward to the portage at Arrawak Matope Fall and there discharge and
carry over all the cargo of the boats and the boats themselves to the river above, and ‘
await the coming of myself and my companions. Messrs. Tirado and Anderson arrived ,'
at 9'15 RM. with Six chrouometers and two theodolites, and next morning we all
proceeded to the full, and, getting into the boats, which we found already loaded, started
up stream. The same day one of the boatmen in one of the Venezuelan Commissioners’
boats, reported himself as unfit for work, and,'as he developed symptoms of small-pox,
next day was sent back to Bartica Hospital by a boat descending the river.
7. We experienced heavy storms ofwind and rain daily, and on the 17th, about 2 P.M.,
a terrific thunderstorm burst over our boats, the lightning being extremely vivid. It
lasted for nearly four hours, until just before we camped at 6 o’clock above the Maritout
Rapid. The ground was saturated and mosquitoes very troublesome. A large swarm ,
of hush wasps collected under the tent of our only tent-boat just before we stopped,
and great care had to be exercised in getting out our camp stores and the chronometers
tor the night. In the morning, fortunately, the wasps had taken themselves off.
Sunday, the 24th, was spent in camp on the right bank of the river, about two hours
below Quartz Stone, and we took advantage of the rest to attend to our correspondence,
which we intended to be dispatched from Quartz Stone, as we should have no chance
of sending down letters again until the return of our cargo-boats from the spot where
we intended to make our base camp in the Wenamu River at the furthest pomt to which
the boats could be taken. . '
About 5 RM. the boat hands saw a large dock of ibuslrhog (dicotyles), some 400 in
number, swimming across the river, and in a. very short time four of the boats, with
ourselves on board, put out in pursuit of them. Every one of the men was wildly
excited, and the boats raced against each other to be hrst amongst the pigs, which,
alarmed at the noise made by the advancing boats, were sw1mming desperately for the
lurther shore. \Vith our guns and a revolver we managed to kill and secure twenty
of the animals, whilst two small ones were taken alive by the boat-hands, who fearlessly
dived into the river amongst them. It was already late when we returned to camp,
and nothing Could he done with the game We had got except to remove the entrails in
order to prevent the meat from spoiling in the night. Next morning a couple of hours
were devoted to preparing the caresses for food, and our journey was resumed at 8 mm.
Vs reached the great cataract of Devil’s 11016 on the 28th, where it was necessary to
unload all the boats and portage them and the goods for about 150 yards to the river
above. This took us nearly the whole of the next day, and, as it. was too late to proceed
that afternoon we remained at the cataract till the _30th. The river was very low at
the time, and we experienced great didiculty in getting the large hqav’ly'lade“ boats
to keep up with the smaller and lighter craft, and as I still determineg to keep the
ts all together at camping time each day, I found we were not proce; mg so rapidly
asWas desirable, and, on reaching the Carib Village °f Amamuri on t e let O°t°b°13
A<-
s
---
F!PI~H4M~AI-—l.-.
Mfdmr:
n
Annex 41
' Manna:— '“L'L RECORD oFFlCE 7
opulent— NOT TQ_ a: “WWW”
5
‘
y mind to let Mr. Anderson go on in the tent«boat w' -
and instrnmcniH,_ I'll company With the boat conveying the VenediglelEadiiiihilSZirdhhif
as far as Aknralnsr River mouth, and there to take observations for time to check out:
“ft-ions nSh'mlmmc‘d “'Ol'k at this 131360, Whilst I exchann'ed into one of our other
pats which had no tent to protect me from the weather, maid travelli‘nrr in her to kee )
GDnstnntly in touch with the cargo-boats of both Commissions, and go 1011) the Wenamii
With them as f”? “S 1t. “'35 PUSE'UC £01" them ‘0 g0, and there establish. a general store
mulbuse camp, and dispatch the 0111])ty boats back to Bartlea in order to reduce the
cxpcnses of'the hire of them and their complement. --
Accordingly, after seeing Mr. Anderson and the Venezuelan Commissioners safely
started, I left Amamuri nest morning, and on the 5th found the party at the Akarabisi
mouth, where they had arrived-about one day before, busily occupied with astronomical
olisermtions- I arranged With Mr. Anderson that 'after the observations were comlctcd
he was to proceed up the Cuyuni to the Wenamu River mouth, and there await
l“)"""rlva1 from my Journey up the latter stream. I did not manage to get away from
Aknrnbisi till nearly 11 next day, and slept close to the old station of Makapa, now
falling into ruin.
I have omitted to mention that on the 25th September our numbers were
increased by two Arekuna Indians, who walked into our camp on the river, and reported,
through interpreters, that they were journeying up the river in our rear, in a Woodskin,
to the Arawai Fall, in the Wenamu, and that their craft, containing nearly all they
possessed—guns, cloth, beads, &c.—had become unmoored during the previous night
and had drifted away, leaving them stranded. Knowing that our camp was close by,
they came and asked for assistance to enable them to reach their homes. I told themI
would willingly take them on if they would help to paddle the boat, and would pay them
if they worked well. This they agreed to do, and when Arawai was reached I
settled with them and told them to get their Indian friends living on the Puruima
and Kamarang Rivers to come to us for WOrk. They seemed pleased with the treatment
they had received at our hands, and I have no doubt that our kindness to them
induced their fellow-tribesmen to come to us in the numbers they did afterwards,
which helped greatly towards the shortening of the worlc of the expedltlon and its
successful termination. - ' '
7 A. Continuing my journey from MakaPa, I readied Amwa" “Whom; any 5 ecial
incidents, on the 16th October, and after satisfying myself that the boats con d go
no further, I selected a site for our base camp, and, after putting, up temporary
shelters for the stores, discharged our boats and one of the Venezuelans , and left next
morning for the mouth of the VVenamu River, where I had arranged to meet
Mr. Anderson. One of our boats, with its captain, bowman, and crew of twelve men, I
Ordered to remain at Arawai, to clear away the forest to enable aetrononncal obser-
Vatior t not a substantial “ore-house for our goods: Our l 0 b9 taken, and to constr I took down With me, and after aJourney
“1101' boat v' Venezuelnns, _
“p the Cuyuiiiti'lroiiia:1:212:12 and up the \Venamu, exposed to the weather,1 “nib 1110
Sl‘elter except an umbrella for seventeen days,_arr1ved 1“! Wenamu mout ‘ on E‘? gt ll
Here I dismissed the store-boats, leaving us with tn'enW'mgl‘t two captains, til“
t.“'°l)<>\\'lnen, and awaited Mr. Anderson’ OOttllib h“ 111112: own 1:
{In-(.1. after breakfast on the 18th we heard 3‘ lat-g: faocldf Em; bidet-lighdsawerli: agile '.sl'“nce in from the river, and one Ofttiifmczi‘gdziii: an Ive about half-an-
M , The men were away ' I h my gun to try to get some Of and expected shortly after to see the men returning
hour w} .
- Han We heard one shot fired, .1 . t d tl
w . - - u - ela sad before t 19y ie_urne , is uh the dead pig. Instead of this, qmtbsinm‘thlgo‘Jw blldeding from wounds in his arms
he cap ’ fter he fired the shot :1? first, Singly, and after them t
w" legs, inflicted, he said, by the hogs, “’
m? had heard. He had attempted to fire :13 “Sued fire and b this time the foremost pig 0 oken, he kept off the beasts for a little
It: nu“ tli y . . . ed to me 131' . -
a , e stock of which he retuln . . s n0 to 1115 feet, he made 9‘ dash and bitten , then, r1 1 ° (1 till the pigsdispersed. while b - Ht was soon knocked down h t ,
re 6 B 11 9 .
escape, and managed to get up a. small tree. w}: 11th aiiout 3 mt. a very “Olen t
8' Mr Anderson re )orted to me that on f th ~_ t t d , ‘ ' - to ct out 0 en_ en .5 un or X them all ery direction, and
“mail stru . . , . . ck the cam at AkarabISI v 1‘ 1m in ev _ p ' ’ Huge trees were a g The view Within
'9 trees and t'lk "
. G to the clearm ' of the storm.
5 elf b the force in the extreme, as tree
had turned on him a
ain but the gun, for some unknown reason,
,f the herd was upon him; by clubbing
mitt bran ' '
. ’ .ches were being 511%? e was impre851\'e , .
61.13:?“ dip thebcui’l‘glggrg ($161031; a. tremendous 5P1“ll mt° “lg rwfr‘ rn own y .
[10121
Annex 41
r/ ' We DIV \
CO- “I /543.
RWHI CALLY WIT DU
6
rent/5 of rain tell, but fortunatel no harm v '
Dang of H
P“'2’g81:§::seltieiiiilgiimayday:rzgdiiterpmm that fell from the morn trees—on til: en _ 1 1 in —on to ti L - zaverage,seam-n1? Whats, 5,532?sustainstimes
them up an es royiiig 1cm.- inc noticed the same phenomenon at m 'rrht o
on my way_to Arawni. All night lou there was a . ' ' y 1110 1camps '
the tarpauhn stretched ovemnyhamigock, and in the: lifiiiillingmii; (lhdlifdr 311:11321? lag:
from the same cause. The Indians call the caterpillars “ laliwa ” and say they are the
larvae of the yellow and orange and white butterflies that we saw afterwards in
countless numbers on the Cuyuni and Weiiamu Rivers.
9, At the \Venamu month we verified our astronomical Work of the previous May
and {mad the course of the boundary-line from a point on a large island called Anakoko
opposite the mid-stl'eaiiiof the \Venamu to a point on the other side of the same island
and from thence to a point on the mainland on the left bank of the Cuyuni where the
Colonys boundary continues on to Akarabisi, Szc. We marked the points’by drivimr
posts of bullet tree some 6 feet in length into the ground, and surroundinn‘ each with Z.
pyramid of stone collected from the river bed and carefully packed around Ehem. These
should last. for many years, if not for ever. Aline had previously been cut and surveyed
across the island by me during our work on the Cuyuni earlier in the year, and this was
made use of to determine the positions of the boundary marks.
10. On the 28th October, after observations of the sun for time, we left Wenamu
mouth for Arawai, which we reached on the illst about 5 P.M., an(1d efroeucntded thaatwetlhle-bmuielnt
left there had, during my absence, made an extensive clearing an
pnhn-thatched hut for our stores. The two following days were occupied in astronomical
observations and putting up a paper-roofed house for ourselves. IndOinanthevil4ltahge Nonevaermbtehre
Isent the captain of one of our boats with four men. to an he condition of the path
junction of the T shuau River with the VVenainu to aasscmt‘otatihne tfitness of the road for the
thither, and of the reported clearing at the village,
transport of chronometers and of the clearing, for observations. The party took
provisions with them for a week, as I could not lehaorwn fdaerfineixtaecltylyfrtohme avnillIangdeiawnasgufirdoe,m
named Manuel, who had been born at 'l‘shuau,
Arawai, and I told the men to mark, and Where necessary clear, the true path as they
returned. In the meantime, whilst these men were away, our house was completed,
and an attempt made to carry a. survey frroomcksAraanwdaicaatlaornagctsthein Stidhee ofr:ivtehre arnidverthteo
Tshuan, but owing to the numerous large 1 1
Sleepness of the banks it was found ilnmeticable to do so. and instead a line was cut,
and marked at a little distance in from the river, [which was afterwards surveyed in
part by Dr, Blanc-o, Venezuelan Comniissioiiei',_an(l in part by Mr. Bowhill,‘ Government
SurVeyOr whose services were placed at the disposal of the Venezuelan (tomlnlsswuers ’ On the lst November
after Dr. Blanco had to leave the work owing to malarial fever. 1 1 1
the Venezuelans, whom we had left at Wenamu mouth, to comp-etc their observation
forlat' ‘ ‘ ' d - t Arawai and ut up a separate camp and store:
house hidfhgiiiielzigltugiiraloge d i P from Tshuau on the 11th, and tain and men retlfl'ngfh ~ 1 s aid 5' '1 1
reported the road to be about 14 miles in lengt i, i y In some 11’ ace, I .vaiipy n
others, and as passing throu h old Indian fields in two places. 'lhe river, they stated.
was navigable above the shuau River mouth for some distanceTaigd belolw also :10
What the Indians called their woods 3 nan, tiey 5‘“ »
Was a very large one, and we should have 110
km landing. bservations, and tho
chronometers could be safely taken along the r
d‘iiicult in getting 0 I dad which they had cleared and marked
“5 t"hey came back. After making preparations
the fOl‘Warding of them to us, we is
for the superVision of the stores and
he 13th and reached Tshuau early on
the 15 . . ace th, whom “6 found a large spat them being an
Tor
cleared of forest and two Indian houses With
‘VOrked wi - uni ear] 1 . - - lb us on the Guy (in; had no exermse of the kind since
5, . :3 fOund a. trying walk after haw h v own Over two months Pl'eV10u51Y , and as t. e l '5 the early morning (69°
1eVel than Arawai, the difference 0 .
rind and a short distance of it
P close to the clca l=1 to bring in stores from
ova forward. Some of
and they were thence-
1y engaged to make
and at night was very noticeable.
in thlclf. crWeset, dpeuctideudp ttohemat:k1e1‘? aonn0;iencnsaabml2e1‘ 111Us to in
Arawai as ' kl ~'b1 t gum yas poem 6, h av loads,_
the men declared they were unable to mrry‘jg’3n cl li’ad special
forward employed at 'I'shuau, with one man
3 t t d Allck “'llo had Jollt thirte n illllabl an S among 19(119131 name . 3 ‘ . , ' ‘ W'bh 1115 W lfe and fllo'nlly). illie load
I} the yen]. ( l I
t 800 feet higher above sea
' Fahrenheit)
YE
Annex 41
'early next morning we proceeded a.
. 7
corials for us, for the navigation of the “T . ennmu u “w '
named George, pouited out a l } “ds' urge hubucli or Wld
. ' u I l I ‘ I
some brown mouaballl trees, as suitable For cashew two (unacardium), and also ‘ Inakimr into COl‘i’ll
' : . ‘ ' \ i s i ’ constiuctcil too canoes, hem the hububi one of 33 Iect in leno‘h, 2'11f1'd ("it Of'these “0
‘20 moms depth, capable ofcarrying on. , t. 2 m. wrdth, and w - . a" C i '
to 1,000 lbs. 'lhe slrouaballi tree furni rcw Of seven men and a load Of some 80“ shed us with a smaller craft '
. i . th t and about, 300 lbs. of stores. A store-house on the riverside, \Vlliret:%: fighting:
Roraim" passes, was also built at this time.
As soon as the large canoe was finished 1 - ' ' .
Wenamu on the 4th December, with five men aiidshLitzglc’lslslidregomI 'lli‘dlduauhhliil iii:
boat up two {falls Rug a. long stretch of rapid water before I reached an Indian house,
which “6 a terivai fs used to store our prowstous in for the Upper VVenamu work,
about three ml es mm Tshuau, named Tuuapung, and at the upper fall found it
necessary to send back to Mr. Anderson for as many men as he could spare to take
the canoe up.the fall, so that it was not until the 5th, at mid-day, that I was able to
continue my Journey for the purpose of ascertaining the condition of the Upper W'enamn,
and the point up to which it was practicable for us to proceed by water. Going up the
river, I made a rough watch-and-compass survey of the stream, noting all the principal
tributaries met with, which were shown to me and named by George, the Tshuau
Indian I have previously mentioned. By doing this I hoped to get a good idea of the
general course of the river, and thereby facilitate the very difficult work of finding in
the dense forest and amongst mountains its most westerly source.
1‘2. In this way I proceeded up the river until mid—day on the 8th, when close to ‘
the Tariparu, a large tributary on its left bank, further progress was found to be
impossible, owing to the low state of the water and the large number of fallen trees in
the river bed. A campwas at once made, and as George informed Inc the river 1n the
wet season was navigable far above half a, day further up to a series of cataractS,.I
determined next day to cut a. oath along the stream to the place he hid mentioned,_and A short distance alonghan Epcgm filmsl ‘tidmh “11:15 “Olin
the Tari am mouth to a oint on the Cuyuni whence t e ‘ 01.“ o e emen can ,8 "eaclied,Pand then struck Eff; cutting the bush as we went, until we 1were 0.1;]???leJ tho
cataracts. On my return to camp in the evening I decided ta). retléfn a once 0 5 113111
to bring up more stores, and begin the arduous work Of {if} 311% diefslciuxce. an: xvi”,
down was constantly barred by fallen trees, Wind]: as the IN“: a a on comm e a ) y’
hen we came up and much time was
Were left above water, though submergziegvto allow the passage of the conal. I
(men ' ' ' - 1 them with ‘ - . , foresiilxirdtiih: liiiilldiags tilt: (i‘ldifnls set in we should have endlelssd‘rpolli: 32:3 t2§6f21£;té§:i
but fortunately the weather, Up to that t1me_ fine and e yinaintaine’d a fair average
rapidly, and, with fluctuations of level from timetht-il: 13:11; ,of Our work. a
height the whole of the time we Nyere gecupigi fill/11‘ ‘Aniderson and I arrived at Tshuau
l . her our 50'5 ' .. ' i ' ~ , ’ ‘ d Blanco fromlziaggiftierifgilirddoz:eigtteli from Dr. 'l'n‘adloé iiiglligitiilag'eldtBragg), hgd'to send
having both been sulfering from malarial fever-£11: thatihe hoped to be with us m a. law
“le hack to Bartica, en route for Georfetown’ I returned toEzrgiiiuatlhigntiiii:
1. days and on th ' f the 27th 1e came, : e mormn r o , . . - 11th, December I met liirn and Mr:.Andelson ta 'ncipal astronomical
“Wards only one instrument, the Brltlsll, was . f '
o 'EI'Vations h nah the cost of the curing" o _ .
“Wally by bbtlliltcgmtinissmners. . _ 1:5 in October on their return to kBati ticln‘i
14 P, - 1; dis atching the cmgo boa 'd red at very much laigei stoc s on
Ihad t‘akelevlgu: {9 11 gm- stores, I? 2 far a“ from our base camp a:
ela-id i {inf Is til 9. ature of our work too u t s - for thuvty lineman:
Tawai HI cor?.t}en:d for a supply of SD} 111: like period, and calculates.tlia.;m(1)(l,y3
ordered addl‘leg'qmsl tinned foods for ourselves b); - .919 we should a digcharvo
Would b d l'm”a t Amwai early in Deccmh :Eupplies received, 31143.1” “1.1 settl: d
t an Zozlifengrei iraw‘ai. and Could check :cduu , 350-, could be -sat1-mizili:zi:1diii‘inrr my
. . o 4 hat a-ning from the 1151:3331; d brought :1 W3
5’“ “Mr reaching EW- M“P 3: a
ihiinggfa" mill-birafiplirsiciigi-‘Ze their way UP- and the other a short distance
Vs t m 1 s rge boats to come to Arawm.
. it nezllelun Commissmners, w hands except nine to
kihin‘h but that the Wanamu t on the 0009mm ‘- four b09319“; ab Amw“ 11 Anderson cted very Proml ') amu m0“ ’
Amwai. to Prodleed thence ‘50 1‘ 1° Wen
One of the 'l‘shuau Indians, '
. ....
Annex 41
called the “ Admiral," clearing a
that all the boats were to discli
hired boats to return at once to B
sion, to remain at lVenamu men
bring up the stores, as much
She had great difliculty nanni month, where the instructions
were given to the captains and carried out. 8001
passage if necessary on the way, and with instructions
alga their cargoes at \Venamu mouth and two of our
artica; the third, anew one built for the Commis- 3)
Hi for letters and orders. The " Admiral " was to
_ as possible at a time, according to the state of the river.
in getting down to “To
1 after leaving on her return journey
and no difliculty was experienced afterwards
Indeed, if the orders to the large boats had been
me got up with full loads, but it was impossible to
Anderson acted rightly in giving the orders he did-
(walled up a Mr. McBeth, a young Scotchmaii who wasranxious
to prospect for linlutn, gold, and diamonds, and had been permitted to make the
journey by the Coniniisswner of Lands and Mines. He had, fortunately, a. complete
list of all the goods cominn‘ up, which simplified the checking of them immensely. As
» I thought he could be useful to us when we might be many miles away from Arawai, I
offered him work under us, and as Dr. Tirado was also anxious for his services, weagreed
to employ him jointly, and found him of great assistance to us.
15. On the 29th November some fifteen Carib Indians, men, woinen,’and boys,
arrived at Tshuau to ask for work, and were employed, some by us and some by
Dr. Tirado, to bring in loads of provisions from Arawzii. They had come from various
parts of the Cuyuni River, led by a man named Robert, whom we had met on the riverand
to whom we had promised work. ‘ We learned soon afterwards that these fifteen
were only a portion of the party which had reached Arawai, for at that camp they had
left a number of young children, a semi-paralyzed boy, and an elderly blind man, all of
whom, it seems, they expected us to feed. It had to be explained, however, that we
could not possibly do this, but could give rations to those only who worked with us.
After bringing in a. few loads from Arawai the Indians gradually took their dc )arture,
and we were not sorry when they left, as about twenty strong, able-bodied A awoios.
from the Kamarang came to us on the 2nd December, and over hilly country proved
themselves capable weight carriers, which the Caribs were not.
16. Our second corial having been completed on the 1 ‘
falls to Tnnapung'bythe Indians from 'Kamarnng, I left With ten .mon and the two
corials for the upper river to establish a permanent camp at a. point as far up as the
COl'ials could be taken and whence the search for the most western source could be
PTOSecuted. There was plenty of water in the river, and I reached the Tariparu camp
On the 15th, whence, after discharging the two canoes, I sent back the larger one to
“{mpnng to bring up more stores. In the smaller canoe next. morning I got up quite
9;“1y to the cataracts mentioned in paragraph .12, chose a site for the camp on the
right bank of the river, and returned to Tariparn in order to bring on the remainder of
1e stores next day. Three days were occupied in felling the trees round the .camp and
el‘eeting shelters to sleep under. 011 the 19th the larger corial returned With stores,
an , together with the smaller craft, was sent back to ’lnnapung on the 20th for
further supplies. I kept four men with me, all Indians—two from the Kamarano; one
mm Tshuau, and a Mucusi, who had acted as interpreter and general servant, on who
had worked in various employments in Georgetown and the gold-lields. With these I
out alon the right bank of the river for about 3 miles, crossmg some lar
. go tributaries glad gm “any ascending into higher ground. I continued the line next day, and would "We den 0 so on the following one as well, but very heavy rain fell in. the night, and by
{morning the riVer was oreatly swollen, and the tributaries mentioned above quite
"nPassuble, so that furt’i’wr work was ilnposslble, and as it seemed that these branch
Streams mioht continue swollen indefinitely, I came to the concluswn that It would be
‘Vlser to mgve camp to the Other side of the l'lVel' and try to cut to the head fro
so on the return of the corials on the 24th I determined next day—Christmas
"lake the necessary clearino' on a small hill on the Venezuelan Side of the river, and
looved everything. “01.053 t’13y afternoon this was finished, and on the 26th I began a
line that eventuglly measured some 20 miles in length from the new camp to the
‘VeSternmost source of the Wenamu. We found growmg in great, abundance. at the
new Camp 0. peculi'u' s ecies of palm called by the Indians “ lune, or '_' kurni,” the
stem Of which the: use? as the outer cover or rotection for the reed or inner tube of
their b OW—pipes JR is a. species of Iriartia, and) as I found the Indians had no name '
iiriin‘e Cataracts, I called them “Kum,” after the palm- and the camp the “ 1mm 8 a C
, . , . . h an others we had from time to time to construé‘t'flh.’ to distinguish it from t e m y
in Arawai the river commenced to swell,
in bringing up safely all our stores.
delayed they might themselves h
foresee this, and I consider Rh.
\Vith the boats had tr
3th and taken up above the
in there,
day— t o
i\
Annex 41
l
o
l
l
l
was a mass of matted tree mo
TL'tum to Kura Falls Camp to 312.6%“ dersfln S
. t e
9
17. On the 27th, Sunday, whilst resting at Kura Falls Camp, I received a messave
Amlerso'irat Tshuau,stntmg that important letters had been received train from MY- . .
Georgetown -equir1ng my Immedlate attention, and that it was necessary I should 'l‘shuau to deal w1th matters In connection with the boats and stores which
Starting the same day at I nu, I reached Tshuau at 10-30 A.M. next
(la\',=\ttcnded to the correspondence, and paid off some of the Indian labourers who
“shed to return to their homes on the Kamarnng, and gave the final instructions
last return boat and prepared to start back for Kura F ails Camp on the
ere with the help of Dr. Tirado
return to
had come up.
regarding our
30:11, leaving Mr. Anderson to continue rating chronomet
accounts to be sent to town. On the. 31st 1 reached Kora Falls, and shortly
five Indians whom I had left there with instructions to continue the
line cutting to the source came in, reporting they had carried the trail on for some
rude; horn where I had had to leave it, but that the river where they finished was very
little less wide than where I had last seen it. They'essaiodf tfhaelrlse waansd pclaetnatryactosf, paanldm atnhde
other leaves for camp building, the river was a sari
land was very mountainous and stony. I had arranged with Mr. Anderson to meet him
at Rum. on the 8th January, and intended in the meantime to proceed with the search
for the source, and with this object on the 2nd I walked in to theabeonudt osfevtehne lainned wah—eharlef
the Indians had stopped cutting. It was a tedious journey of ' “79 made a rude but thatched with palm
hours, the last three in drenching rain.
leaves, in which the party of six camped. The vegetation at this camp was very
stunted, and the soil composed of sand, the result of tThhee dewchoomlpeosisturifoanceof ofthethseangdrsotuonnde
formation, and a. little decayed vegetable matter. . he water could 1n places he heard
ts, under which t .
running to the river. The palms were chiefly booba r(teIrmofrtwlhai'ecwhorwrehzzcao)ntainnduedmatmroaoclmeg
(“£97.93 Milli-9}. Rain fell in torrents every day, in up .
the course of the stream and its important tributaries. Progress ‘was slow owmg to
the diHicult nature of the walking over the broken ground, precrpitous in some PINE“,
marshy in others, and covered with surface roots and fallen trees. . It was interesting
to note the change of rock formation as evidenced by the vegetation growmg thereon.
'l‘eri-uce after terrace 0 'ed wrth low-growing dwarf trees and shrubs
gave place to lofty forest, where the diabase rocks, by their dec01npos11tion,'l .md furnished
a blight reddish soil, and this again variemdatrwohnerweerethemagnryanibtaers arnotck gsnpealcsess wcoevreeremdetm.
Over one particular pal-t of {011'1 d orchids, of no great beauty, large bromeliads lendid purple-flowered
part with a rank coarse crass a few 6 _ D , he cards of the leaves, the 5p . the sod was deeper,
(bTOCChinia ‘ ' b ‘ a in t cord lmazdrs earm . ' y ) o more sheltered spots, where '
' red, With mosses and Ulricularia Humboldtii and in the , ' -' ' lo and vellowdowe
d f Utncularm, pulp aw the bright-plumaged cock‘of-the.
g‘f‘v two or three other km s o s . ' . ‘oun . c 'lgmellas. 0“ the bale rocky gl excepting mosquitoes, was everywhere abundant.
rock (“mimic crocea), Mule insect hie, f sobralia were common, as well as
One other peculiarity of this
Alon" the banks of the main stre _
the 5.0 . H ' ._ ' alm maurllm acuicata); _ u 7 n _ -
hurt oli'rlth:Iiiiri‘brsisltligelsielddeiit occiirrence of a dwarf Silk cotton. (1 Ithlltliiaxbaiikilgiytlig
1? a height or never more than 30 feet, ‘ attempt to wear fresh clothes 3 ream. Owing to the incessan ram, i - th arments I took of? on
n . . .ceof' harm" e g . its]: ing, instead, Idaflo ’Ze‘ifw Plactl d amok: of a. largie fireuugluch iii: i1:23p: ‘ W01“ or tie a ' me 9 hex mor H. l ,
hUrniii’g all night in 0)“ hut, an d throuUh the notesaof the rough
alter dinner, as it was impossible to do in -_' n the In dians. through
of the day's WOI‘k» I employ e dyin'éurroulltliug country, and what I 0011“. Of thel‘l‘
-0 llltOl‘preter what they knew 0t t e l the territories of Venezuela
, as of the evening until
‘ ‘ - - ' cr 0 0““ habits and customs, their Journey-ma: relieVed N _
1“ thls “‘ y our exertions, fell asleeg: be far as I “ml Brazil hid the Colony and d nor id they know
t , '. b
the. early hour at WhiCh We all, Puma 211:1 5' . h t
could discover 0 e of the “(111”;le . “he source lay on :1. lug _moun am.
nm’ One w‘ 1’ I21 11 Th . had a general 1c!” the '1 y thought it was Sltuated. I
nnil - “O m ' e) the direction “7 e . band cmstructinrradditional
cowhere able to 1mmt'(milk/rim"11 . “h H e fores ‘ the Indians on my muted the seal-ch for rt, on l. ti e 7th, whe d Vi th him to take observations
cal ‘ . . _ ‘ _ in l . . . “1’5 as The work proceeded 11“ t, |'- Anderson, 1111 the 11th, baring been detuned - turn boat and of
and complete
after my return
or deter . . , , mminrr its posrtion. f
C‘ or
:1: Tshuau and 'l‘LinaP'Jl‘f-i arranging“ expired, were (1661510.!) on I ' ‘ ' ' u we!“ ladiourers, whose time hav 5 . lacing every 3
9 had had a great deal of trouble in
[1012]
-I. h
Annex 41
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE ‘ ,2 . can; /54’8.
“E REPRODUCED PHOTOERAPHiCALLY WITHOUI EEEEE@ 1'3"" 1
10
E3:f%:llllsl‘VI;h this, and “1th the forwarding oi our stores from Arawai and Tshuau to
18. On t e l-lth seven Indians were sent back on h ‘ ‘ ’ ‘ ’
Wenarnu source to coutmue clearing a path towards titB iiiid li-letiiilfhegrz‘iinotlieogfdif
reporting that they hful traCked the river to a point not far from the head on a Hat:
to pod mountain. _ Giving them a day to rest themselves, I prepared to set out on the
26th to verify the" Statements, but jlist before I started our smaller corial arrived from
Tuuapung With some of the Venezuelan labourers and stores with the news that
Dr. lirtulo, at whose disposal our craft were placed, was followinor in the larger corial
and would soon be at Kura Falls ] decided to await his arrival ate discuss with him
the condUCt of the work by the two Commissions during my absence at the head of
the river, and, havmg met him and settled affairs, left after breakfast. On the 28th I
reached the last camp made by the Indians and found their statements correct, although
: the actual_most western source had yet to be determined, and for the next three days
was occupied in roughly surveying the various tributaries of the main stream at and I
, near this camp, which is about 18 miles distant from Kura Falls. The formation at the 1
\ camp is sandstone, and the vegetation very stunted and close growing. Most of the i trees are thickly covered with moss, which is always in a state of saturation from the i Of Ll‘ch": extremely humid atmosphere, which derives its moisture from the mist and cloud caused we nll‘by a high fall of the \Venamu which occurs close by. Very few palms were to be found le here, and it was dithcult to get sufficient to make an adequate covering for our leaf Paruil'.camp. There were, however, growing around the place quantities ofa peculiar arboreal for W0“ amid with long hesliy leaves, and these were used to supply the lack of palms. The ; stores
Indians Erst constructed the framework of the house, and on the rafters, made of thin
sticks, they laid on the leaves of the aroid just like shingles layer after layer, one layer
slightly higher on the roof than the next, andlitsoneaonr ittisll thiticwkaesst hnpairsth,edf.ormiTnhge alekaivneds
have a thick desliy midrib which the Indians Sp _ . .
of hook which is applied to the rafter, and this keeps the leaf in place even in a. fultly
v , but the leaves are easily displaced
strong breeze when the leaf is green and liea y
when dry, as the hook then shrivels and has no hold on the rafter. The young pendent
r00ts of these aroids at this altitude, 4,000 feet above seaiiclhevegli,veasre tchoevmeretdhe wiatphpeaartahniccek
perfectly white and transparent jelly or protoplasin, wl _ _ _
Of icicles. We found the night teinperatlire of this camp (04° Fahrenheit) very trying
after the warmth of that at Kura F kept bumwg from sunset
to (lawn.
19. After cutting lines to the heads
f'Ol'm the Wenamu, I found the most western sourc
the camp at. an elevation of 5,129 feet above sea level, and, .
I could temporarily, I returned to camp preparatory to my return to KUN I; alls, when,
I had left Messrs. Tim astronomical observations. had been do and Anderson taking .
somewhat inconvenienced during my work at the source by t.h;ni‘l:lane\s: £12523 '
Indians, who had been suffering from severe internal PdlDS evei we were “£101;th the
had t0 leave him at the camp with one o
f his tribe Whilst ‘ . _ f
tributaries of the river. His Condition apPeiP‘? t red to him etting wane. in spite o
hmh I admlms e e allowed to try his skill
rclatiw ails, and fires were
of .the four principal streams which unite to e on a mountain some 2 miles from
marking the spot as well as was pi,- a. perm
that the L
d to be 5 I 0'“ l y Ev One of the Indians with
medicines and medical comforts w d 1 «she d to b
me was a piaiman (priest or Witch doctor), an 1:: ll . ' so one nirrht after I had given balm“ on the sick man who was anxious to be treated y, um , de a cowerful decoction of €th piaiman a handful Of strong topacftio, flV01:1)ji‘i‘lililfi'ilahlffutngf leages for the sick man, would o v . - . ' . -er 1‘ n . . - _ . . llnpaeclfizoll‘lztzhy t‘liuclli id: lihahlgéoiinhismpeculliar incaiitations {md 1:05:35; laslljfnftfg 0:13;: | 13:532.; three or tour he“; gurin which sleep {01' any Of us gvaswl “F; Slicoier sued be able t: leave the sick man said he felt getter. and I had hopes that e t (it his friends told me that go baci return with us to Kura Falls but when I was ready to s. m I left him at the camp way he could not walk and that they were unabl‘? t" 113:]; 050?] as he could move, and few with three of his tribe with instructions to bring mm 0‘11 met some of Dr. Tirado’s men as we“.
“inched Kura Falls on the 2nd February“ otllxens‘gul'lg They had letters for me and : limo “aging in loads fer the use of Elliet 31:35:: élnnco in Georgetown, “,th garsv‘e’eblrh‘iill llfsll’ne E): Di‘m'I‘e'the news Of the 58.41 8: lint“ Falls. ML Bowlilll, Goverllmfrllent lillndgvr the ‘ Tslni‘the sérvilggi?‘ lgllllencl get 2:11.110 3had been permitted to Eignglsgxhary, and he was, '1 Mir. Vlenezuelan ComiZissiJondilh’ had arrived at Kuratll]:“1‘1; :rlihmu from Kura Falls upwind? gails say - - - ’ d surve m" ' the Osition o t e arui. Miggedl’ftshls tam: bdu Ellynelhgf':go(i:i the 31% fgr the Purposgrooigigzgm' Ollie British and “P some gaff.“ ° “Pm th“ “0536 10 inch theodolite and two c ; ing WI em '
Q
Annex 41
one Venezuelan, whilst the other Chi'om
'tlieir return. They also took with the
from the lust camp on a night screed u
tlmtIiniglit, If the light of the rocko
mic . ‘
m 53:18 “ism, left at Kura in my charge until
pom b 6 l: \\ seioinps11s roacnkdetsat wahigcihvenwerheourt,o ihne ofridreerd
‘ ~ _ ‘ ' ts was .' ' . . ‘ small thcodohte the hue bearing of the line froiiislléiinfllgiilhii?311331}; take m'llll'a
( r . 1 camp. ' us, unfortunately, proved to be impossible "
Prevailing at the point where the rocketsoii'gig’iii‘Zdloubt, to the dense miSt and Cloud
20. On the 6th the Indians I h'ld l
. . _ n Bit at the can] ) nu ~ tl ‘ ‘ l' . comrade ietuined to Kuia Falls. I asked for him in1 tlrtamf'eivI eIsrfdlizif lift: hflhdlldld
muster. They answered laconicall ' ' ‘
looked extremely depl‘essed. Lirtieii‘modhili lmtglldage that “ he W.“ not,” and all Of them
them. They explained also that the 11'thle 0: me. he had (lied the day after I left
that they had had great difficultyin (ainjso “1:31 him in the hut where he died, but
scanty supply of 8011 could be got to covgr {his . lo boround was rocky, and only a very
at the man’s death, and told his brother who 11931211115. I enpressed my great sorrow
care when we were at the Paruima River where til dwoilked Wlth us that I would talge
relatives and pay over to them the wages due jeTliils lgdnalrliairitlelelihto Sign?) f0? hllI
' s . - e cc on a of them, and I feel suie contiibuted in a. great measure to the very pleasant relations
we ngintaifiiefll With the Indians, of Whom We subsequently met some hundreds
Punish), andlita;:1::;eRzi:eEu::ngls some twenty—five Indians came to us from the
‘ ,. . cm the Savannah country round Roraima seekin for “Oih and were all of them at. once taken on. Some of them were em lo d ‘ ' g
stores from Tshuau to the Paruima, whither we sent forward one oli' g1; (biliiryr’dgg
to construct a store for the reception of the goods, and in this way we were enabled to
more. rapidly and without anxiety when the time came for us to commence our lone
laud Journey from‘Tshuau in the direction of Roraiina; others of these new labourer;
we put in the corials to bring the necessary stores to us at Kura Falls. All the men
worked well, and were extremely careful of their loads, and never broached a. single
one of the packages. We were very careful to be absolutely just and fair to them all,
and by kindness to encourage them to do their best for us, and we were amply repaid in
consequence.
22. Mr. Anderson returned from the river head on the 11th to Kura Falls, leaving
Dr. Tirado, Who was afterwards joined by hlr. Bowhill, to survey from the observation
station (where the Indian had died, and which we thenceforward called Dead Man's
Camp) to the actual source of the river on a. ridge‘dividing the Cuyuni and Wenamu
water systems. A boundary mark was placed on an immense mass ofgabbro on the
stream a. short distance from the source by cutting into the face. of the rock, where it
was protected from the weather, the letters “B.G.” and This mark Will, I trust, be
a permanent one. The position of the rock is shown on the map. Mr. ’Anderson reported
that he had had meat dimculty in getting observations at Dead Man 5 Camp, owing to
the PETSiStently had weather and the mist clouds from the fall near by. The results
obta'me d were, I am glad to report, exec llent.ed tWhee raegtauirnn rofateDdr. ouTriracdhoronaonmdeteMrr.s
rePaint/or to eavin for Tshuau, and await . " howhill, V3120 arrived 5, the 13th. The next; day Dr. Tirado and .I left for lshuau,
getting to Tuuapung the same afternoon a. little after 3, and surveyin1 lihe river as “3°
travelled with watch and compass. Messrs. Anderson and 130th ad to remain
behind to take further obserVations, and joined us at Tshuau on the'215t.1 h I
23. VVh on we engana,e d our first lot of Indians we had leitalirnuesd, farnodm ats iwsem htadatnot wmya.
would like to be paid in barter at the end of their EBFVice W . d termined to send down
urge number of Indians on whom we thought we could iely, I ‘5 town who desired to
. . h non en~ :1. ed in . one of our boats With a full crew and 59011116: lt11 eerlreturn Lil) dug up the barter, and then
leave thew - ' t the boat ml ‘ '
g0 13301': to Dittigaodgedifdea and the are“? be then and ther°(1 Fwd Ogimi I IItp‘tiolin dish}:
Way also to effect a s'ivirig on the vote for the boundary amazon? duds we re iiired
few (lays to ct lend [the pay sheets of tlielinen and this. 1: “$3 gthe stores (left at
as Well as atfend ti) gilt correspondence. \Vhilst we were oma .
. Anderson returned were sent Rum Falls which could not be brought dowg 333:1 till}: survey of the chamu from
or, Mr. Bowhill beinr meanwhile, 00‘3‘1Pie v satisfactorily settled, I left
Tshuuu to Arawai. fKfter I found that matters “eredvance camp on the Paruima. . a
811min with Fifteen Indians and two boat hands fOlive:fl to Arawai, “Wk charge Of our
1'. BOWhilL having completed the survey 0
f the 1'1 ‘
. f d the ourne to
mails and left for Bartica. in our boat on the 2nd Miriiie IIiidiiiiiJ [lilil‘tei']s t° lie?!)
aMinna rather tedious, owing to the inability of 80:]:domuch time was consumed "L
up With myself and the quickest of
the carriers-
..c
wan—laamw”n.—.re.
Annex 41
PUBLIC RECOhh6:\ _, I C E
CO. /I/ /5z,8. '
“GHT'jNOT 7’0 BE “PROMO PHOTOGRAPHICALLY wnugux eggmssmu i 13.3
I I ' WT" '
I y, r,
12 .
forced halts waitincr for the last of t1 » . ‘ I . ‘
:iicustomed to such Sp‘Eedy travelling us I ldelsriiiiiltcjnidnlieidpl bill: yaivire §v1dexf§1§il not ' point wi.‘ ‘ . . ’ V ‘ _ ' , . i i o e 0011 aye .’ fr
accomplished in1 tix‘orda) s that \\ liich I was actually nearly three days Over. The path J I 1., 3:10; 2:28;:
after cipssing t 116 f1enmnu follows the course of its largest tributary, the Tshuau, for i work in 1
some 1’ miles, t “3 1st 10 of which are on fairlY flat ground, covered with forest until ’ slow bu ,
the foot Of Kurmnuta Mountain is reached. Thence it climbs to the mountain top by days nfu:
:isteep and rugged ascent, 113$ng by huge masses of sandstone and con lomerate to i ' 4 U3
:i lielgbt of 2,210 feet by enermd. From the top there is a splendid vigew for miles ghiiljth!
to the northward over the valley of the \Venainu. as the summit of the mountain is in l kinds we!
)artfree'fromdorest. dim country to the south and south-east in the direction of - the Kan]
the I'Dzu‘uinia IS also Visible for along distance, but the view is much more restricted 25. l
on this side than on the others. The Indians say that Ilutipu Mountain, one of the possibh-,g
huge sandstone masses Similar in appearance to Rorainia, can be seen on a. clear day system.) 1
from this part of the road. It was not visible when I passed. Close to the path - . head an;
_\\vhel‘e the road reaches the mountain top there are large blocks of sandstone and W ments “1
conglomerate surrounded by a scanty vegetation, comprising many kinds of ferns, systeiiib‘l
notably the local bracken (Plerz‘s), and splendid clumps of terrestrial orchids (Sobralia - and Kati
and Lwlia), which On my first visit were not in flower. The trees are moss-covered in . 26. 1;
some places, and are really mere shrubs, common amongst them being two species of i which xvii
clusia. On one of the large sandstone masses are rude drawings in charcoal made by way, 11;. '
the Indians, and of no particular interest. We found the names of two travellers who on trcc I"
had passed the place inscribed also in charcoal on the face of the rock. The names I across. '0:
are those of C. Palmer and E. Said], and the dates 1884 and 1889. I have not former-1!
discovered who C. Palmer might have been, but Seidl I had met at Roraiina in g curious a:
when he was engaged collecting the Boi‘aima cattleya (C. Lawrenceana) for MESSI'S- ! bearing ii
Sanders, of St. Albans. . ' the land,
24. From the open space at Karamuta the path proceeds to Paruima over foryea‘q'.‘
a succession of sandstone terraces broken in places by dykes of gabbro and diabase, and place
traverses thin and low—growing forest on the sandstone and large trees on the other appear .
formations. Balsam copaiba (Copaifera ojicinalis) and tonkajbean trees (szterya: .1 unlike i
odorata) are frequently met with, and near the Parulma, at rare intervals! india-rubber ; produci l and other palms occur in fairly large 1 about 4:
trees (lievea) are found ; nianicole (Euterpe eclnlis) _ .
numbers, but our camps were thatched chiefly With the leaves of the large arcid . crossnicm
described in paragraph 18. Heavy rain fell every night, and, as we were gradually a. dvancirising
hirvher above the sea level each day, the temperature in the early morning hours: - with J“ J] b here we had experienced a greater us by 14,5
felt unusual] chill . On our'return from Roraima, W _ A
degree of cold. we {did not notice the chilliness of these camps and did 11013 0.0"“ ‘Ylbh ' 27.11:
blankets at niolit which we found so necessary before- I, reached the Paruima River . to Ron. I
on the 27th Fngl‘llilry and found there a'lal’ge “'OOddkm Which had been made by two Of L the PM it
our Indians that I had sent from Tshuau, and in “us we crossed over the stream where 3 sun
it is some 50 vards wide in safety. Just below the 5130‘" where we landed the Paruuna: Pamhmi’:
has a fine fall) called Soraba, and thence descends in a serlés Of cataracts foihspme] 5;” . “Elam-{m '5'
6 miles to its’junction with the Kamaranig‘. "on? the landtlillglghe forest pa[ft'ull ewillieiv (tilt: villages '3‘
abo L ‘ ' to an ndian Village on e aruuna, "i . j” theusgxid’sizjcliiizsnli)y :tiii‘iieii’lgiiiiiiiaiipu. In this village our advance camp with stoxesllwas wheii \iV-s
nlre'ldy built aciild II found it well stocked on my (1841‘; wal-t The“? £1121;:iiemihliigse 4 1’9 cross-.1) i_ , . t . ronomica ‘ ’ n he )assn l
Clearinr : ‘ l the lace is well adapte or as _ . I , 1
although ii iihioiéiiai’iii’siiiiiaies, the: Pr°ved.v‘ir}' “‘°EhimXi?tfti2“§:§3;i‘3: S;
lalit ' after m arriva sen . i . - - ’i i - i S M”: Tsh$::t:DS'lougltude. '{be sdad’nd prepaz‘ed to make aJoul‘ney up the Painiilna aslfi‘r Kalllm‘fiw ring on more 8 ore , ’Lion of its head, and With that o Ject e t _ ' i Purt of ii,‘
rrivcd there, I found that the
dfor an extended stay.
and I proceeded up the
as I could, in woodskins, to ascer‘r/ail1 the P051
On the 4th March for the landing on the upper 1‘ ' ' l require
Woods ‘ men and baggage , _
.. kins could not carry the er cover at the riverside, “16 lea ls - - f left und ed that the craft
“mun ii'itliv:iiil;}dhleed:;’s provisions to see it: sturggtl? igbzzeiimiligoiiiiints impeded by ibi'c~. I:
could go only 6 miles up, as the river from i P its course as fur as I could “,0 M“ ..
' ‘ -e of . . rapids and Cataracts; so, after making a suiv y nd there awaited the arrival of ' ' lime a _
go, I rammed to the camp at Paruima _vil U- sit theodolite and the chronoessrs.
Anderson and Tirado from Tshuau With out tram having had to travel
meters- They came on the 7 111, after a walk of nearly four days, ' him stood the journey well, in ‘ . .
Slim] v ' ' ' to the instruments “ .~ th a v. I left , . I. ' ‘ “Pitei?£‘1i2°f:§£‘;3li;°$iti‘li‘ii‘fiyind new we. Witt :1: rates of the ‘ 33:3: :3‘ -
the Hex“ day, with four Indians, for the purpose of cutting a I
g’aruima to determine its Position,
d proceeded along the path from. Tslmau to the . conniv- an . , . , .
Annex 41
PUBLIC RECURD OFFICE C0.////54'8. ' "
Repmouqo PHOTOgRAPHICALLY WITHO 1””
' i . ' 7 w-\
\ ‘
I
‘ 13
I point “pure ii lil‘a‘b touches the river, and from thence cut my way along the left bank,
moving my camp as the .WOl‘li‘ proceeded. Heavy rain fell nearly every day, and on
' Colic0(:Ci‘-"l"“ the banks and land on each Side were so deeply flooded that we had to
9 “ml; in water mostly waist deep, and in places breast deep. Progress was naturally
; 310w, but I finished the nork, and returned to Pariiima Villa 6 on the 13th. Two
’ durs after I dispatched Mr. Anderson to ascertain the sources 0 the Kamaraiiir River,
whilst Dr. Tirado and I remained to complete the astronomical observations nicessary
tn hr the position of the camp and rate clironomotors. In the meantime stores of allkinds
were being brought in from Tsliuau, and sent on to our next forward camp at
(he Kainarang, whence we hoped to complete our journey and walk at Roraima.
I 25. 1 had discussed with Dr. Tirado at Tshuau the advisability of adoptinrr, if
ImESlldL‘, the watershed between the Maznruni and the Karoni and Cuyuni river
* as the best boundary—line for our respective countries between VVenaniu
; head and Roraima; and he agreed with me that it would be better, il'our Govern—
’ inun‘is were fzwourable to the idea, to make the natural division between these river
' systems the boundary, and it was with this object that the sources of the Paruima
l and Kainarang were ascertained, and a survey of the watershed carried on to Roraima.
{ 26. On the morning of the 17th Dr. Tirado and I left Paruima for the Kamarang,
, which we reached at half-past 3 the same day. Our road was through forest all the
way, and in four places we had to cross large tributaries of the Kamarang, sometimes
, on trees felled for the purpose of bridging the stream, and sometimes by wading
1 arms. No settlements of Indians were seen on the way, but we found traces of
l furnier occu ation in the abandoned fields which they had previously used, and it was
I
.
curious to 'nd in some of these old sites plantain and banana trees flourishing and
1 bearing fruit, although overshadowed by the vegetation which had sprung up when
' the land was left. uncultivated. The Indians stated that the fields had been abandoned
‘ f-urycars. and this was borne out by the size of the trees that had grown up in the
place of those destroyed when the field was first cut;_ but the plantains, did not
, nprear to have suffered, and, from the size of the fruit, it would seem that the soil,
. unlike that in many other parts of the interior of the Colony, is rich, and capable of
l producing crops for an unlimited period. The Kamarang. where~we crossed it, was
I about 180 yards wide, and running swiftly, owing to recent rains. Just below the
. crossing was a small rapid, and our camp, we found, had been prepared for us m
i advance by Indians, sent a-head for the purpoge, on a. small pawl of Open ground,
\i'itli low trees growing on one side of it. A small corial had also been made for -
l “S L." the Indians, and we crossed over safely, one at a. time. _
27. Next day we sent on seven carriers, five of them Indians and two black men,-
i t? Roraima, with stores, and orders to report to us on their return as to the nature of
I too path by Which we were to travel. In the meantime we took_observations on the
I sun and star-s for time and latitude, and superintended the mural of stores from -
l l’znuiina and Tshuau. On the 28th the carriers sent to Roraiina returned, and
1 r‘jlinrtcd they had taken six days to reach Itornima, where they found twodarge
v villages of Indians and that at one of them, Kainaiwawong, the prinCipal man in the
l ‘i'ungc, named J eiiemiah had set aside a house for our stores and for our own use
“‘ ion ‘A‘c might arrive. ’They said there were many small and two large. streams to
l he crossed, 0710 of which might be waded across, but the other, the Yuruani River, was
I
i
g
E
u “"hassablc, except in some kind of craft. Preparations were made to leave Kamarang
next day, and in the morning. we started with fifteen carriers and all the instruments
and some food as well "r- ourb personal baggage. The roaddollowed the course of the
1 ainaramg River for 5 miles through forest, passing two Indian settlements on the way,
art of it ‘vas over very hilly ground, rendered very slippery by the rain in laces where
the ground was a, stiff 'cllowish red clay. After about two hours wa k we came
zean:-s—
l
1 Sn . . __
ddonl v ' , ' considerable tributary of tho Kamarang. It is , . _
I at this iioigttzsgi 213105 Feta: Iifdtli “and is precipitated down a sandstone and con.
1 %I°“191‘ate cliff for about (500 feet. The white mass of fallin water surrounded by dark
I Ol'est makes a wonderful Gnntrast to the scenery we had hit ertomet With, and though “‘9 saw many stu )eudous falls later on, we were perhaps more impressed by this one
l than any of the others except the Kukenam Fall, which we saw for the first time under . ,
l
.
l
i
z
liecnliir c‘ . ' , . ' _ Vile breakfnsted at one of the Indian clearings
b)’ the sidécgptifgl§3£€if§ “SHE;- another hour's walk came to a steep escarpment
“'rere the land suddenli discs about 1,000 feet. Our way lay up _this cm” meat,
Much “'8 lound a. somewliat trying climb, and we rested for a few minutes 0“ t ‘9 top,
. l'eSllIuiui-r our walk, we came out after t?“ minutes I? to fine up?) fszin‘izlnnah
try, “‘hic1 continues from here onwards right to the upununi. e 0:11“ “a,
[1012] . 1‘
en
“Dun
.,
Annex 41
most exhilarating change, after
through hundreds of mile months zilnd months of toil,
river, stream, and land, - t is brink of the ocean
undergrowth of the f
. (West Lind xvi". V overhanging tl‘eesy slush and horrible discomfort, and Lcntnblu d
the ridge of the Duet aka Mountains “e 1,
‘ . . ‘ , 1 . ‘ ‘1 ' adl drink, and certainly not suthieiit Water to batlile ,1 dc u t l d ‘ .
delightful to come 0 “t into open countr \ s q a ey an refieshmgly. It was
‘ i .‘ Vliere ' . ‘ confidence, and “ithout the constant car:Y and \vatztifiiliiglsi svalk fieelyl andfmtt;
paths, where the ecessary aon ores attention is 31‘er .
. . , r s fixed on t . . and the mind is In consequence in y be avmdance of obstacles in t e path,
on.
. a state of constant tensi
omt Where we came out on the saw
ave that from whence we
stress, and hardship,
itself, and working by
appened to us on
ely enough to eat and
had come. The country was a
1' like the waves of a. grassy sea.
. the hills, and past them flowed e Kamarang River. Far on t1
il of mist rismg from a terrific
. _ 600 to 800 feet in height. Still further in the distance the hills assumed a dark blue tinge till they lost themselves in one long,
indefinite, irregular line of deepest indigO. A cool breeze was blowing charged with the
scents of flowers growing on the savannah and in the forest patches. The sun shone
brightly, and in the hollows between the hills where the breeze was not perceptible the
heat was unpleasant, but the new feeling of freedom from the forest caused us to over—
look this temporary inconvenience. We reached the Indian but early in thenfternoon,
and here the liidians desired to pass the night, but, feeling we could accomplish a great
many more miles owing to our new-born energy, we decided to continue our route, and,
after wading through several streams, camped on the right bank of the \Varupa,‘.a
tributary of the Kamarang, about 40 yards Wide, and In. full View of the mountain
mass of Ilutipu and Eluwarima, on whose precipitous Sides we counted seventeen
waterfalls. .
“Te were now on an elevated tableland some 3,600 feet above sea level, wheie
' t. 1 nd where the nights were so distinctly durin the day the breeze blew con inuous y, a. . V ‘ g ' 't- l thiner to keep ourselves “aim. Our
cold that we were glad of blankets and ex ia c o e . I 'lth I
I d. l ' (1 us 10 ally throuvhout, felt the cold at night keen y, a ougi many n inns, W10 S61 v_e y ' D l l (1 Yet the are accustomed, it must he
Of them have their houses on thls tdb 8 ll: and at nivht’ every interstice likely to give
said, to sleep in houses that have 1:11“ ‘daiire’s are liolited in many places on the floor to
a Passage to the cold Wind is closebi an I the daytime life on this high tablelan d is
make them all warm and comforts f i“ "lieater erertion with much less discomfort than
most pleasant, and one Is capable 0 1m 5’; One‘ great drawback met with close to the
is possible on the forest-covered log: a);V iiii or boat across was the presence of immense
many streapis whichlgre 3:30:31: {137, the, kaboWr“ 01- lunlfa’ al‘l‘iieltilc 1:05 i2§y52232153
0 fat] P6553517 and known on the Amazon. as ttheuiiiiimdr wade in a state of
(unwilling): fenevei: we had to expose our bodies 0 s us \V1 1 85 \V ' ' vare in the savaniiah
. t With. All the time we \. . nudity across the watei‘cffurf‘sv“gi'rsfupendous sandstone mountatinsfi‘ 3133512 2,88%0fiegsg
country we Were m fu ' "tn 5 sides huge waterfalls Witha (lessen odB the gases of these
height, down whose P1~§GlPi 0“, . the dark forest which suxroun ‘ d f‘ t]
feet Were constantly discharging into if the clouds clears mm is
~ 7 rain, .
weird, Hat-top138d, rocky masses. Aftel heady he volume of each fall “as then
, . ' -1 he as t
mountain summits, the Sight was P in ticulaé )in spbts where none had been suspected
greatly augmented, and new falls appears surfaces are frequently covered with dense k ' ' . 11 (la
before to exist. These cold, Eggetli‘gchfter no on they are sometimes quite clear a Y
. - -1 marked seminal; CIOUdS in the Ornln "afildttliatathe wonderful waterfalls are seen clear y a
long, and it is then 0 no y mine themselves. ‘ _ , 1b 1 d
d b the nioun d m their menu our 100 , the dTafk I‘OCk.1{:cE§i)lifldfcdi£ci:thio m)iist be lmmef:§§so:riilegriig, of unknowg, rare, and
1e preCIPI a I
. ' 1 0T0 ' earns to
and the wealth of plant 11st articulary masses these mountains one 3
. As one 1 ' fiends specimens of the Valuable species, must be hocimtgesbsring back for plant-lovmg 1 .
explore them thoroughly an d around them resemblin" forms seen in the
Wonders that must must on an m o . - - man Of the lourinn‘ is most
Th vannah itself is rich in doweis, y nt odour, the co 5 e sa of fragm - ' 1 w luxuriantly
Swiss Alps and though there are notl many met with, whim gm ' ds ofgra'is, .
beautiful and varied. There are severaig‘dilans to fire 1t 1“ the
In Places all b 1 t of t1] e div weather, insect pests , d as It IS the ha
camps dank with tho I,
is horizon line we noticed an
...
on 20' :2
m h a
Annex 41
such as bets-rouge and ticks are non Grist t l
' ' ‘ ‘en .
15
. V T v . - an} 11105 nitoes at an) of our camps (lurinrr0 the \x'liotlc‘i0 ‘ileourforsttua. nyatien, tahleso,samvannnoath.find"lihncg
Indians ( 0 not appear to deriv .
thcv at once evince a lo .‘ 6 “P3 pleasure from the nbu l .
. . , ( sue to brim s e . A ntnnce of plant life thou h
'1 takes an‘ t ' o P Clmtnsofnew . ’ g u 10 . \c 3 in erest in plants 01. insects OI unusual appearance to any one
"8 : curious featur ' ~ ~ n e of the seen '
. _ . ely of the sava ' ' -
pqghlilhces betpleen tire natural characteristics of [2:11] is the gll‘eatglfferences which m rose on e, 161. $1 0 o - e savannm va e a o I
f it. One valley may present a charming segues 31:13:83]:
,
gently undulating land, covered w' ~
few groups of trees here and tliei-dtléiiigltthgerien ginss, dotted with flowers, and with a.
through to the next Valley the scene cilanrres (5128:1le66 of an English park. Passing
:iiiihreii‘deisshmllirtie“ 1% Coi‘el‘ed with coarseiocli fragrgneriitis iiiil‘sihdfénlihlgclziggol'n 'dlliiiirtigi
down to join thiesimi:(ir1§ dismnce over barc.1"’.°k SPaws the streams come 3brawlinnr
which passes noisily ovaelrmig: iidcltdye Eggey lkl‘rlltstioursitpwards a Still larger stream:
. _ . , w H: e , . ~ illscendiiig the intervening hill to the next valley, and‘ariiziigliist Elizaldtiiiiifisidzngile
new again changes. to perhaps a pleasant valley with rass-covered billows with
streams gently runnlng in between them, and masses of owers of many shapes and
and colours scattered over the surface of the land, and if there be a lar er
stream than usual in the valley bottom, rows of stately palms can be seen mingled
With other forest growth in the narrow strip of trees which fringes the water. Durinrr
our walk we came across valleys where grotesquely-shaped rocks and bleak, barren:-
looklng. sorl reminded us of Dartmoor. Others, again, were like the Scottish moors. All
the while, except 1n the hot sun, and Where the kabowru iiies were numerous, we. felt
equal to any exertions, and thoroughly emanci ated from the gloomy forest which we
had traversed continuously since we first starte on the boundary delimitation three and
a-half years before.
29. On the 30th March we crossed the Warupa, at a oint where it was some 6 feet
deep in the middle, by means of a roughly-constructteodRorraiidgmea moandetheby18tthhe. InItdiwaanss
when they were with our men whom we had sent on .
necessary here, as a ' , of our clothm , as the stream had
partly destroyed the bridge, who deepest part of
the river. The chronometerg and in taken over Without any mishap, and
“'e if - ' wettin and irritating bites from the flies. Our next 511 emd nothing more than a g ' ir, which the Indians told us are
cam was t tl K a, an . ‘ Somgtimes 31:22 its banks. . o Arrawaks in this part of the country at
the resent (la and the'name i ' 'val of the times when other tribes P g i 'th were chiefly Arekunas and Akaworos, or a.
inhabited the istrict. Those we met WI k b t 11 '
mixture of the two. Next day we. crossed many Of the blea " arrei¥1secinylizz lists];
and were exposed nearly all day
“'9 followed acted as a nature W ' b . . ‘ tch our camp at 9. out arm. in
extremely unpleasant, and we here g Id r, a tributary of the Yuruani River. On
a Small patch Of bush 0 ‘a broad stream of aboutble14o0f cayarrrdysi,ngwhoenrley
the let A ril we reached the _ ‘ - a
the only riineans of crossing ‘3" Eli}; cgnze (Lind, osgzlrflgxieclildd breakfasted at an
liidiziiu}? at a tiim: gzithhaciirflefiplald O ugh g 1’ tched hut had beeln $20,213; 131331111113) ouse c 05 , - ear
for us all, we gradually made the passage t1; Indians told 11}; it would be very
time we had got everything safely 2191055, I ' we determined to make a camp close
' - cam late if we Went on before we got a suitable Iline erected anderehaomnmoctkhesir slwuanyg tfhraonm
to the crossing. Hardly had we go 1 ' )arty W110 W _
we ‘ i i 1‘. Anderson and “i l ’ t. Later in the aitornoon wow Jolned by M here W6 h d almngeddtgollglgemoved owing to the rush of
Kamnrang head to Roraima, W
Very heav rain 3 ain fell and art . . . . Be Storm.wat};r from? the high and adjommg would have taken stars a ' sun, an
managed to get observations on the
lat'Iliitucle had the weather permittedt
night for
' rds Roraima.
. ' ade our way tone _ xt morning, we m and Kukenam, “111’le
- ‘ fter 7 me _ . (. u, 30‘ Staitmg at a little 3 ountains Ilutlpu, villi: afliihizapof Kukenam Mountain a annah on the other
in full view of the sandstone m f forest
at breakfast-time we reached a Patel] and to to sin the open SEW kf t rid as We
1 two hours to cross a h' at we were at bran as , a . _nch tOOk us near y' f - about an hour W 1 - f Kukenam and Romma
side. Very heavy ram fell or o t of the bare 9
came out on to the savan 1
we saw a most magnl c
116 faces 0 of the Kukenam River,
:“~1
,0
icz.
Id u
in;
n
i
I“,
.tlr‘ ‘ :
Annex 41
7‘ I PUBL‘C Ricoiibi_5:~——’”r-W ' ‘
-v—-r
Manna!" N ‘
c0.////5z,g_ , l
7° “ “WWW P‘HO‘i‘OGWHICALLmL—umj 1”“
, 16
descendingtltie ttllnrllc, prcmpitous side of Kukenam Mountain in one gi antic lea of 111015“? -
1,300 feet Iiigoof i: {all \ forest below. The water leaves the mountain tip at a Mini; thoun‘, ,'1
some 40 01 _ 100 1e 0“' the summlt by means of a channel which has been rddinll / C“ lot-Neal ’
You] down in t ie sandstone, and is about 60 feet ‘in breadth. Close to the off-it, when: argdir ll '
it commences to full the water bears a slightly brown time and those curious rocket- the 19 J
shaped masses Of Hind characteristic of many similar falls ,can be distinctl' seen for plant
some distance down Its f3100; but after some 200 feet of descent the rocl‘i’et-slmped is a. i‘: " 1'
misses 11116011 Wm foul“: 311d “)0 whole body of the fall becomes an intensely’ white out ch: 3.,
c1_|=‘}fllnoi falling Spray resembling a vast lace streamer, its whiteness rendered more porter. - i
"Md by the contrast afforded by the dark rocky backn'round. On Roraima. we also saw 0‘1" t“ i '
falls, but none to compare in grandeur with that, on KOukenam, 1 to the”,
31'. About 3 0010ch we reached an Indian village of five houses, and containino- i wedgfri l
spine sixty perspns. where we were cordially received by an Arekuna. Indian named ; tarp'd‘. i
:Schoolmaster by Mr. J. J. Quelch, who visited the mountain in company with i tree-S, ;. i: i
Mr. F. McConnell in 1804. According to the usual custom of the IndiauS,fresh cassava stems "A ' 1
bread, casein, and pepper water were handed to us and partaken of, and after a rest of i floor 2i). .' : , The iI I" n
forty minutes we proceeded on to Kamaiwawong village, situated at the foot of spare“? i! ‘ Rornnnahou the other side of the Kukenani River, which is here some 40 yards wide, '
and running sw1ftly’ over a bed composed of large boulders of sandstone and diabase. i drlv‘in.’
The Village of Kamaiwawong consists of eleven houses, most of them of the typical 2 and i ah“ i '
cone-shaped savannah hind, some of them very large, arranged in a circle, and in the i poi:i.."..
centre an edifice some 60 feet in length and 40 feet kin breadth and height, used by the and i: l I . Indians as a church and school, where the Chief, a powerfully—built Arekuna named I. obit-1,11 ‘ '
Jeremiah, oiliciates. On our arrival we heard singing proceeding from this building, ; c0112., 5;} '
and found that the whole population had, on seeing our approach, betaken themselves - J to it, mainly, we supposed, with the idea of impressing us with their civilized habits and | aftL-xihji ., i . devotional spirit. Soon afterwards Jeremiah himself came to us and showed us the ; seer. ‘ " house he had set aside for our use, where we found stored, and quite safe, the various. - to], .5, ' n 1
packages of food we had sent on in advance for our use at the mountain. Next day fires; 1,
We engaged some of the local Indians with some of our own men to clear a path from = the-.2; , '
the village to the summit through the forest which surrounds the base of the cliff .
portion of Roraima, and to construct a. palm-leaf house near to the cliff, which we cafui'u.”
.thdught might prove useful in ascending to the mountain top. Astronomical observa- it 2-:3. :3 (
“ODS Were taken at intervals, and a triangulation survey of the country made. “Te thanniri
found many of the Indians with small-pox mar s on their bodies, and as we-had a andl Jr ..
supply of vaccine lymph sent up for us by the Surgeon-General.“ the Colony, we . and “U” \
notified the inhabitants that we had with us a “Inna, 01' preventlve for the disease» a PO-fo .
Which we would inoculate them with if they desired. In consequence, ‘lmte 350 persons, down: ,
men, women, and children of all acres, came or were brought forward, and we were hept . 301141;} ‘-
busy for several hours on successive days vaccmablhg the people. I‘htlrybtook li' \lery alldigi; J l.
kindly—chiefly, I suppose, on account of their faith in our medicme, ant Tcause tlfy of 11 A f , , ,
are in the habit of cutting and scoring their own bodies, and rubbmgdmto ii“; cuts We . l )
guices of various plants, to prevent disease atrid to give them skill an goo ortune in W ? iuntinn ' ‘ 1 ir various avoca ions- . ifl- ,
3;- a8: lulgoélffigg 21:16er proceeded to the top of the mountain to locate tllie the l:
L331? [)0th for a boundary mark and to repoljt generally whit: drihmn is to in”; l'or‘JS' ‘i
conditions for camping there. Meanwhile, Dr. Tirado and I iontiuue‘ “10 as 1011011“? Dal; Jet
Observations. Mr. Anderson' returned on thfetlloul, 1133:1131“; 0133 Elihiltbdfyi‘ll‘}; 911,21: 5: “A” :' .
summit - ‘ western art 0 ie 1110 L : .‘- ‘ ’ on '-,
\ :lndI \i'chrtihigutdhidggdize hours froiDn the village to accomPhShdthe ‘ctl‘mb’ 9.136111%: menu I ' :
i found, On the ivholc 3 very exhausting one, Pf‘rhculm1y thelserion- P1211012: gr foot hills see: ‘
Path on leaving the. villarre runs through the savannah, “Rind I?“ Iiich {11: d Schombur k mou-
°‘ “"3 W“ y astend‘W-‘JEJ‘;Eligi‘yzfssigzdwi JJc some ' ' ' '
“ii-“b - a ‘ O" 01.511011 .‘i 1 :_' .. . “
I‘lsrrtion otitiarilf:I sfdbelthleiid begins zlmd sprig/lap]: gyert‘zlg: rib: {giggly $333531]: ’ aha : I I . I ‘ - all r ' ’ ’, t I I ‘ ‘. fulieliiui'ieiiselinii iiigiiiilypgigj; tbrambles) (Rubus Schomburgkal,’ ‘ihiiii er:;;;nril‘0::§ _ nan
itrm‘gly 0fiEan'land asgthe hranible is n tl‘Pe bIACkberrlgdzxiildngF-itls, base at varying i ens i
In England, The pzith after meeting the chi; {icingrgtfethe sources 0 f the Kamaiwa . :31; ..
lfyels to a point where a cuneiderablewatei arémched. Passing through this, which , loo...
Liver, an aillnent of the Kukenom River, 15 i the remaining part of the way, an is :__
Wot us .to the skin immediately. We Proce‘f-ie sit?!) es of sandstone rendered intensely Sui;
-extreinely steep slope composed of Ste?“ 9 ogm the fall and the condensation of . 5 \
8“prey by the constant wetting it “was
Annex 41
,‘ 'UULIC R
i
driving rain. “’8 changed into dry clothes and n
Rolmncu—I w
co. m /5,fg_
GHI '— ()I to RQDUCED O OCR lCALl. N PH H l l HOU
17
(- caused thereby. Above the . » .
though the‘sqil underfOothis boggy andIiiéktzliégfufftéon the slope becomes; easier,
lmgc‘hrocchuua (B. Cordylznoirlcs), whose leaves hold 1:1" ecovered'in places wrth the
are discharged on one s clotlnng in making prorrress thrgu rliuzlnmles IOf water, Wind]
the leaves grows the large.pnrple-fiowercd utrziimllaria (Ug Iiuiiilidildt"n.tae baseshof
1,131”; (helmmphom mutans) ls common; Howars of many kinds We ab!) :1 let pltcler
‘3 3 l‘rmkly cactus-like plant (abolboda soc-plrum), Whose shar s ines e uilC an i 215.193
our clotllCS and made It dltiicult and painful for the improteciiedpfeet (“3311? 1139115 rca e
porters On. the sumnut a strong cold wind was blowing and in our S'itur toales (21-31"
our teeth fairly chattered, and we were glad to make gim- way ’lS dick? i. con 101?;
to the rough camp Prepared by Mr. Anderson and left for our (us: It addsi‘sltied ouf a
wedge-shaped crevme between two sandstone masses, over which had been thrown a.
lghted with heavy stones; a rough ridge pole made of a sinele small crooked
tree‘stem helped to form a water parting for the roof, and n. roucrh structure of treestems
was placed Inside to hang hammocks on. In its centre throiigh the sand-covered
floor a. small dram had been scratched to allow rain Water to run of? out of the shelter.
The base of the wedge was filled in With heaps of small stunted bushes, which grow
sparsely on the mount-am, and which helped in a measure to keep elf the cold wind and
. iade a large fire to dry our wet ones,
and then proceeded to Inspect our surroundings, intending the next day to visit the
point described to us by Mr. Anderson as the actual watershed between the Karoni
and Mazaruni streams on the western side of the mountain. From the summit we
obtained a line uninterrupted. view to the south and south-west over open savannah
country dotted with dome—shaped mountains with sloping sides, and in the far distance
showing isolated square-topped sandstone masses Similar to Roraima. Early in the
afternoon dense masses of mist and cloud rolled up over the mountain. The cold wind
seemed to become suddenly colder, and we were glad to creep into our shelter, where
ten of us slept, some in hammocks and Some huddled together on the door, wrth three
fires kept constantly burning. till morning. The night temperature shown by the
thermometer, placed under a sh~eelvtieoruisng virsoictk, towasthe50°moFuanhtreanihneitin. December, 1884, at a
I had recorded, on my pl
camp made scme 3,000 feet lower than our present one, a temperature of 45°, and
it is possible that in this same month the summit temperature may be even lower
lad of extra clothing
. ' f it the cold extremely and we were g Stillnbtliiirsliet: cllluliiii; thinnight. ’ e set out to fix the boundary mark, II the morninv w .
' I arious directions, but chiefly towards the west,
b Mr. Anderson was se ected, and after scrambling
at indicated 3} had with a hammer and cold chisel cut into the
s a flat space some few square yards in area,
tain as we could get, at the head
moistur
tarpaul in we
s l' ‘ here there wa Old sandstone surface, w terly Part of the menu
and as near the most south-vies
Of the last Mazaruni tributary, the mark——
B.G. I v.
P. A. T. .
' ' d the letters P. A. T,
' Guiana, V. for Venezuela, an . . th'SIthe three Commissxoners who. had 'VISlted the spot.
D' T ' ' h recounting our vis1t, wluch I Signed, and “‘ilichirlaiio drew t:11) :13. sta,e tones near to. the mark. Close to the liuiik’
on the toft Inf 3. Otto: iii; many hill-like inequalitlgs Into \tvlnchdjgie auxililigh 2.1111:
i 0P 0 one ’ - - e masso sun one, ‘ . ,
mom‘imn has been worn, is a remarkable table tips}; guide to any future VISltOI‘ to the
seenfl'omKawaiwawong village,_ 1' self with the precise spot where we made the
mountain, if he desires to ac‘lufunf’ “m h by boiling-point thermometer, and works
In“l‘k- The altitude of the pom . ado left for the Village soon
out as 8,622 feet above sea level. ~
33 “Te - turned to camp about noom,and Dr..tT1r another niaht on the top, and
after, ai‘rivinglethere about .31. I dealdzd 1:1)“; 311(de Somalia miles in a north- - the edge or t e (1. Close to our
after seeing my comiamon ant and returne ' he .
caster] d" ’ ta in a few PhOtong‘ ' 1 '3 met with, and on the other
camp syridiivzadiintable 0% san ne 200 feet 1115' 1 1 It is a bleak, desolate, D - . 1; of our camp. . Side of this the level is about the d 453:3 - d over a surface whlch
lookinnr landscape, with cut'iouslyg‘dmpe fm nor aqua and transparent, are . n MllllOnS 0_ q Pools of aha low wat
‘ ' f them
18 m the mam rouO‘hl level- . 6“, 50339 O
Strewn over theagii'ound in all directIOIifiL but the general appearance 18 that of a
5 0“ 6 feet in depth, are frequently m I“
[1012]
the letters B.G. standing for Bri
f0? the initials of the surnames O
Annex 41
WMW" Wv '
C0.////5z,g_
RE PRODUQED PHOTQGRAPHICALLY WIT O i l BE
18
vast marsh-like expanse with s
_ ~ . - cant i v - ' - rain-clouds drifted over the 11101111tu)l1: Gilgueiiiiitiioil dotted at rare intervals over it. Heavy
gusts of wind, succeeded by a few mOants’cb 5:81“ iole afternoon, with occasional fierce
a few sonibrecoloui'ed bUtterflies which I c 1115r it sunshine. Of animal life I saw only a. (
the edge Of a Pl'eCiPlCO, one eculinr-lookin Ollirdml'tl ca“tell” 315 thin”), wire fly mg. dose to J '
that was out of gunshot, and) numbers of Em ll 1’31”: 11. lugs mgh‘t-JM (C(tpfimulgus), ;
ten or twelve specimens. N ext day I ret i a1 ac toads, Of Whlch I obtained some '
exactly the same time as I had pi‘eviOiislyu:::;c:o Eggmlwawgng Village, taking almost l
34. After iiistriictinrr M. ~ n e moun am.
round as the Cotinga hand linAtiiiili‘s 0: to 0:“er the survey Of the mountain as far
boundary, Dr. Tirado and I left Kama. '0 Comp etc the measurement OF the actual
taking with us the chronom t , d1“ awong on the 15th April for the Kamarang,
‘on the Y ‘ _ R‘ . e eis an large theodolite, and got as far as our old camp uiuani ivei, and determined to make use of the structure the Indians had ‘
put up for us on the other Side. Dr. Tirado arrived earlier than I at the river b two i
plresliree hours, nialgng use of a very small hark canoe to cross in. The canoe’wz had 3 . ‘ ‘. . .
_ V and Wpli :JlfliiiZd 1:0 clrf;no::;~l 1:31:16 dloiién-stream by atsudden rise of the river and lost,
. two in the craft tl , , n ians saw that'it was almost iinposmble to take
‘ ‘ . ,. so icy attempted to 3mm and tow it across. All went well until the middle of the river was reached, when, without warning, down went the woodskin
and we were left in the water. The Indian with me, thinking I was unable to swim,
gallantly let his-craft gowhei‘ever it might, and stayed by me. Fortunately, I was
able easdy to swnn the distance across, though I found it a little awkward with heavy
boots on, and was none the worse for the accident. As the river fell during the night,
the loads left on the other side were carried across next day on the heads of our men, who '
forded the river close to a small rapid some 50 yards lower down stream. l
\Ve reached Kamarang on the 19th, and again took observations for time'every !
other day until the 24th, when Mr. Anderson arrived, after completing the survey to )
Cotinga head. Dr. Tirado left next day for Arawai, from whence he proposed to
survey the Wenamu down to its mouth, leaving Mr. Anderson and myself to complete
observations at the Kamarang and at Tshuau on our way back. Very heavy ram fell
On the night of the 25th, and we did not deem it adVisahleto attempt to cross the ;
now swollen streams with the delicate instruments We had With us, and it was not. till '
the 28th that we set outl for Tshuau accompanied by all Our Indians, who were
desirous of being paid off, and obtaining for their wages the barter goods we had
Specially sent down to Georgetown for. We reached Arawai on the 9th May,where
we settled with our Indian carriers, a651, after a1 stay of 1fourteenh dgyi, left fog the
- ' -‘ the enamu, Wlere a cearin a sen ma 6 to Pathawaru River, a tiibutary of topped till the 25th, and then
enable us to ct astronomical observations. Here we 5 ' . -
We proceededgto the Wenamu mouth, where we again took Sights and left for Akambm
chin that stream on the 5th, and after gettinrr
mouth on the 4th June, rea g the 7th for Arrawzik Matope, bl):
' ' tinned our burn” on . . SigiELmihigg we slept othhe 10th. Bartica was gained on the 11th, and a
Georgetown on the, 13th June, after an absence of a little over nine months. When
the ‘steamer from Bartica touched the stalling in Georgetown, glaehfva-S bo?‘ld?d by
Sir Alexander Swettenham, the G overnol‘, who thus early expirelsse d is satis action at
the successful termination of our work, andhis act of grace u Goa, ascension in thus
meetin us was reatly appreciated by Dr. Tirado andourselves. ' h Iehnaeie fortunate
in comgletin mg work in nine months, instead of thirteen, who d bu theStImai‘id “7
would lgak g d there has been a large saying on the amount vote y. 6 com med
C e us, an ‘ 'te impossible to give an exact estimate, as the Glut for the purpose. 19 only to make a. rough guess It was qui b
co“ntl‘y was practically unknown t d I was a
0 me, an .
t s and that each month a certain amount
- so in : . . $331333 “mi-“$330215: expenses. As we got thirtieth g; ggqgfgnggigirwgafgg;
consideirzilileeqsiire Ins of Government and of our 0W?dP:‘va1£.s Mcheth and the mone‘
Oui- ‘1 ' 1 p t Arawai. The former we so 0 5 nstores we could 11in principa camp 9‘ . been aid in to the Treasury. u_r ow b _
nearly all he had, has smce aid have increased the loads in our oats to an extent
bung down to town, as they “’0 the various rapidsthaenmd bechaitnardacatts Aornawaoiu,r
Which mi ht have made i ii but to leave .
way do’wE, and there was tltileremfoiz no 8-15: gthiewho remained behind prospecting for
9 Mr. And We therefore presented
balata, india—rubber, and gold:
uUde‘j‘jy-IH
(J
5-H:
9W”
:mse3.nse
we
acaan
"-I"n’ftir‘tr'rir'adntmci-avte
i
w.-
Annex 41
7—w—
C 35, The places fixed by astrononiiml ObSCH’L '
iv 1' m ‘ ~ . ~ ‘ 7" t10115! On this occasi . 2 " ' T511113“Kt;g‘%g§;legégsn§3il it’s a. check on our preViougldviiii)Ai:ihii/Jd§l
Kamarang Store’Cm d an s or N_0- 5 Camp, on the W'enaiiiu River,
at the foot of Roraima ‘ mid), v imwe Mata], Yumnni River, and Kamuiwawon,
and a chain. f feizl' LOO? Observations for time, latitude, and
f Paruima River v o 112nm ian distances obtained from point to point.
head to Romimm b iatstodtained by route survey, and the country from
MWe mi);his???“:i“1:“imrmi°n- Themeu
- , , V :11 Mr watch an n . Iroute S:lV_t:1)s‘.\\'ex-e also made. by the lvaridiis Indian patl'ils igayealizdtdgg‘l .
d t c us:1 sung the variations of temperature experienced and the i 0 un eigo whilst we were travelling overland, behaved extremely ' 5: Mr 1
and Wennniu
Piitliswaru,
Piiruiinn Camp,
village,
aziniutl
The head 0
Kamai‘ang
was surveye
three tunes.
Our Gill‘OHOmeterS,
jolting they ha
] were taken,
__ NOT to BE REPRODUQD P‘HOTO‘E'RAPHICALLY WIT CU
UllLlC RECORD OFFICE
CO. I// /56’8.
19
The Work of Surrey.
“911- We certainly tOOk very great pains to insure them against damage or shocks, as,
for instance, once, when going from Kamarang to the first camp
in the savannah, the
mad 1'3” throngh forest, OVGI‘ steep, slippery hill-sides, and at one point on the way I,
who w
and was severely stung in consequence.
and the wasps as I could, and I had got some 40 yards
great a distance between myself
away from them when it
certainly get stung also,
nature of the wet clay
occurre
and they
5011 where the nest was,
instruments. I therefore returned and broke down t
d to me that the chronometer carriers we
as in advance of the chronometer carriers, brushed against a larpe wasps’ nest,
My first impulse was natural Y to place as
i
i
l
_ . uld almost _ I might pOSSibly fall owing to the greasy, slippery . I
and cause serious damage to the, '‘ll
l
he nest, getting a good many
ze and waterproof cloth every
additional stings. We covered up the clocks in green bai to the edges of the boxes and
night, and I think I may 5
the screw caps placed over t
a measure free from damp.
furry it, and the men were chosen
instruments were placed ea
was put a layer of t
in such a way that t
ay that the indie—rubber lining keep them in
he winding gear of each inst ‘ ly deputed to
Each separate chronometer
ch in a separa
he man’s clothing, then t
he box would be in a
ful walking powers. The
te painted canvas bag, at the bottom of which .
he chronometer was placed on the clothes - 1
for their steady, care
semi-u ti ht om P g ' P rid the man's blanket and I
itself nearly horizontal whilst being carried ; more _ ‘ . ‘
to keep it from Jolting and shaking,
hammock were packed round
and to protect it from the sun’
iglleas made of poles cut in t
failhey were then covered with Ty. regular, varying mostly wit
the a”.
Shelia In concluding t
behalf?“ work done by Sir Robert
Whol Of the Geographical Society an
t e 0e, “Pitt 0‘11‘ results agreed fairl
an gndltlons of travelling Phoqkplmer, we can only
“Ba “y Speaking, take 0
thi‘Ou 1111‘ 0w“ labours have be '
0mg all we have felt greatly impre
ecl’et “ork, and, cheered by the remar ' b
I my of State for the Colonies, and the interest shown y 3:? Itself, notably by
girl?) always assured of, and
I’egun. l: Vendish 'Boyle, K.C.M.
und’ y Mr. N. Darnell Davis,
‘\ e
b
be
t
at the present day in
wonder at his e
if our hats in resp ‘ '
en hard, and we have had many tiyin
and .
s rays when in op
Sir Alexander
whose person
G, nude
cry tluestion Whilst it was ye
8 re ch the Governor
the gm“ POStal communication whi
iv In no 5
and hole of our last journey.
V°te,c0nfid°D°° reposed in us by cu th ‘0“ h th - , -
We - g Elf re iesentatives in Kama?” °f the Wdik, have at once . “.5 ace
°uflaatj:m' It has been a. pleasure, particularly on 1‘ limey throu h eat cod fortun . rat anticipat’ed_ ng IE; collgeague, Mr. Anderson, I can say ats
over the box .
en country. A specially prepared
t the clocks on,
he bush at each new camp to pu ,
the baize and waterproof cloth. The rates were I d humidity of i
h the change of temperature on i .
to draw attention to the very
‘tion and the chronometer il
' . nnot omit . his MP0” we ca he travelled in this Colony on
b bur k, w $10 31?: Brigtish Government. We found, on the
d by him, and when we contrast ‘I
t obtained when he was i ‘ll
:i
l Dam-3,1103, patience, and skill, and, metaect
to his memory. .
g experiences, but ‘
_ b the im ortant and interesting nature :1:de {chime p ddressed to us by the the oflicinls of tho I
C.M.G., whose kindly sympathy
le was a direct incentive to us; , .u a1 exanip dministration the work
much time and study to t ie
C M G" who devoted kindly thought we owe
t unsettled, an permitted us to maintain during
‘ e liavc we appreciated the trust its” who whenever called upon to
funds necessary for the
Swettenliam, K.
mall me . t
r fellow-colonis s, ' ' the
the Combined Court, . t
' ‘ cc ted the estimates ea
, Without question, no 05111;, for us to feel that
accomp 1'lsthleidat athe lehsass cocshteetrhfualnlyIal.
Annex 41
20
home his part in the arch ' ions work .
sense of duty, sometimes even at extigiifdligiglmté aliid beenhacltuated always by a high. ‘ {s 0 us own ea th. '
We 1 r ~ L . . . . . I 1‘ B, I 1m glad to ieCOid, maintained throughout the whole of the work the-l3
most cordial relations with - c 0111 Venezuelan -‘ '
comes to part, do so with genuine rem; confrores, and we shall, when the time
D
wi bu ‘ ' ‘ ‘ t T}: opal chiliizlt‘ pliaiebiir our satisfaction at the successful conclusion of our work.
p su initted With this Report has been duplicated by Mr. Bowhill
for the Venezuelan Connnissioners
_ . . ~ ., so that we each have a record of the work done signed by the Comnussroners appointed by the United States of Venezuela and by,
Great Britain.
_ Ihave,&c. _ (Signed) , H. I. PERKINS,
Senior Boundary Commissioner.
lnclosurc 6 in No. 1.
Mr. Perkins to Government Secretary.
Department of Lands and Mines, Georgetown, Demernra,
Sir, January 10, 1905.
I HAVE the honour to submit herewith a Report by Mr. C. W. Anderson,
Boundary Commissioner, on his journey from the Paruima to the Kamarang River head,
and from thence to Mount Roraima and back to Kamarang River Camp.
I beg to draw his Excellency’s attention to the paragraph No. 25 marked with
red lines" on pp. 16 and 17 embodying facts mentioned under the date 16th April
In connection with the Venezuelan and Brazilian Boundary Awards.
' I have, &c.
(Signed) H. I. PERKINS,
. Senior Boundary Commissioner.
IncloSure 7 in N o. 1.
Mr. Anderson to Mr. Perkins.
Georgetown, January 10, 1905.
formation of his Excellency the Governor, f r the in , . . ti iiiade in March and April, 19041, to ascertain, in
the source of the Kamarang River, and to
Sir, '
I HAVE the honour to submi
the following report on a journey
connection with the Boundary demarcation, ' oni streams thence to Roraima.
survey the watershed of the Mazaruiii and] gildctions, I left Paruima Camp at 8'15 “L
2. March 15.——Acting under your.i We walked a slippery path over several hills
with nine Iiidians,euch carrying 11.37::th 3.52 ML, where I found the river about
and arrived at the Kamarang Bi asmall corial to the camp and depot, which we
150 yards wide, and we had to cross in to P e P are. t this depOt, I packed up ten - ' ,- there
had sent on orders for the Indians hung. ' _ f nd a
3. March 16.——From the stock Ofljlowsw1151 on at 11'30 MI. Proceeding in . ' il‘te .
day-5’ rations for myself and eight Luigi; e312: 5;; right bank of the river-,I suddenly
forest about 2% miles Up the Knlnai'iidgrfall with a Perpendicular (MR I eftillllatagt {it
came in Sight of a magnificent \ the Kamarang, wheietie s11 . ~ do of
700 feet distant about half-a-inile, on t1); 0131:1de at an Indian house we met about
River descends from the tableland. V e c: P‘ formation from an old Meow Indian
1%- miles further up the river. 1 source _ _ . l i I . tin '
‘ ute to the K-amaial‘g .- r ‘ this Indian one at a time in a ) as to the 51101 test 1‘0 ferried over the iiiliiwby mat fall on the Kamm-ang, Where
4. March 17, We were . h t f a table-
“'OOdSki" to a place called Mopd'll‘hence W6 05111qu a steep asfnd; Effoir. ethisP threat into
we found some Indians hum-r on whic
had about 1,000 feet abo the river. in
" a See bracketed paregnp 5‘
x _ . t—a rerrret which will be 1‘ d 1 ‘
more keen in that one of their number, Dr. Blancli, who died in Deceifibefriitais db:
!
{I
Annex 41
Annex 42 Letter from F.M. Hodgson to Alfred Lyttelton enclosing Abraham Tirado, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Report of the Frontier towards British Guiana (20 Mar. 1905)

w
/ HI/yz/g.
WSDUC‘EDT‘pHo‘TX~\ ' . ~~-_Q,GJALHICALLY WITHOUT PEBLUSSION W’IAIWN‘N'“ W. Mm w. r '-
/" ,
/D ‘ ' ‘_ REC? l
(gritish Guiana. ' . 135.33? 3’ N0\ 05
i l g
' 3
l r
I ?
‘ :10 I I
' i
i !
Government House ,
Georgetown, Demerara'
12th October , 1905 .
I
9‘0 ' With reference to my despatch No 18 of the 20th.- i
l January last, I have the honour to inform you that I
have received from Dr Abraham Tirado, Senior Venezue-
— the venezuelan Government on the work of demarcating
the boundary between Venezuela and this Colony.
2. I have had the report, which is printed in , 1
item Boundary Commissioner, 5. copy of his report to I
Spanish, translated into English,. 313. I beg to ‘
enclose a copy of the translation.
I have the honour to be
.n
Sir,
Your moat 0136 Giant
humble servant .
I
I
i
I
i
‘ XR‘JW
ii
The R18111'. Honourable
Alfred leptelton, M.P.
. .‘ ,,'
iacc 86° 30° ' ‘ .:
Annex 42
COPYRIGH T—_NOT
W
//Z/(((ll-7<(4( k/V “If/é .fwm Q15? _
“$3?me D‘Ufg‘o\“‘ "“ ‘
I observations that were
mmk‘n , iniHICALLY WITH07UT_ p_za_mssuo~
J/J‘ / /§ ’ go» / 30 _H ‘7 , ve<<-cc. z’ «i V / -
,, I Rn" .
J " , ' Res? “0‘5 05
Report of the Minister to; Foreign Ar
fairs (Venezuela)
to the Rational 0071:3035, in constitutional session,
1905. ”"” '
. . l
The Frontier towards British Guiana.
Ini‘ormatiOn supplied to the Minister for Foreign
Mfairs by Dr Abraham Tirade, Engineer in charge of
the Coxnmission for delimiting the Frontier between
Venezuela anld British Guiana].
Part I .
I
The Cuyuni and Venamo Rivers.
'1903-1904.‘
Close upon the end of the month of J'un‘e 1903
this Commission left the port of La Guaira en route
for British Guiana. It took more than trice the
usual, time to arrive in that place because we were
'gubjec-ted to the quarantine that'wae in force there
v
at that period. .
Immediately upon arrival I started on the
technical astronomical work by o'benervilmgr the absolute
c o n ditions of th-e chronometers'and their rating-5; -
essential, and which it was
mos t i..mportant to make with the greatest aceuracy,
. 1 that they were necessarily the foundation for
s-»e mg
the most delicate part of the work, viz. the
d e t e mi1 nation of L0 itudei. The careful attention
n31
1 rah s been well reward-ed by the
he results obtained; and‘I am.
1' being: able to present a
p erso nu ll.v val-;" -pron d o ,, rk which cGnSiQG. l‘iu:
“ rtcome of our JO . _ , ‘
plan of the o. . me
Annex 42
runLIL. RECORD OFFICE
“M
the very unfavourable conditions under which our
various journeys were made, is wonderfully accurate.
Here 58 good observations of absolute and equal
altitudes of the sun were made on nine several
occasions at approximately equal intervals, and the
mean result was arrived at by the method of least
quares-
Whilst this was being done for theItechnical
part of the work, a good deal of the time at our .
disposal was taken up in the material organisation
of the expedition; for the journey that we have
accomplished involves immense difficulties; difficul-
- ties that have before this been very
represented in the most striking way in scientific
publications in England.
With an equipment of three large boatsI;“earrying
seven pcrIsons as Iwell as all. the instrunenos
and ten tons of only such provisions as were Iabsolute
necessaries, we started, as soon as the swollen
state of the Cuyuni river would allow, from a place
Icalled Bartica, which is situated at the junction of
\ the Es;;equibo, Mazaruni and Cuyuni rivers. we
ascended the last-nwned river from its mouth to that
of the Acarabisi.
Over that journey we took nearly a month, 7‘4-
Struggling against difficulties that increased each
day, and from the very day of setting out spending,
as may well ca imagined, far more money than the
amount naned in the estimate as ‘being at our disposaL
The mouth of the Acsrabisi was the point from which
the work was to begin. I
I It was during this our first journey that Dr
Elias Tore, the doctor of the Commission, began to
notice
,k—ZIYI‘4ti’
BE REPRODUCEVDI»WE’iiO‘OQdLHI|_CALLY WITH_O_UI_ PEMJSS'O
a“
Annex 42
\‘
pleGHWT—NOT TO BE \ _ Vi
Dr Tore suffered. for more than ten days from a.
severe fever, which sometimes reached a very high
temperature, and I was myself attacked ‘by a violent
influenza ("grirpe") which lasted for about twentyfive
days, aggravated by the strange conditions
of life that I had to put uy with. We were obliged.
to leave one of the harids, in whom small-90x
developed itself, at ‘Quartz—stone, the iast English
station on_ the C'uyoni, and to send back, another, who
was seriously ill, from the mouth of the Acara‘bisi,
taking advantage of the sending down,-of a boat.
On the 5th October of the same year, at the point
already referred to, the astronomical observations
were begun. They were taken from the sun during the
day, and. from stars during the night. For determina—
*ion of errors and rates of chronometers the methods
of absolute-and equal altitudes of the sun and of one
01' _two stars were employed (Covarrubia's method).
with the meridian paBSages of the same; and for
latitudes the method of meridian passages and that or
circwmneridional zenithal distances of the stars. I
‘had to make 52 observations of the former kind, so
b eing good ones for the chronome—
Of the sun and stars
ters, nd cu 1; 01‘4"? of the other kind 51 were good for
do.
determining latitu
d of
3 as id. e 5 this, notes of temperature an .
ssure were taken daily at this camp sire -
he timyéfbsolutely necessary for
beervations
barometric
t
As soon as
factory o
Jleto set 01’ 531315
getting a com had
o
Annex 42
7w
G“ ////5‘//6.
WIT H 55 I O N
t N had. elapsed, we continued to ascend the Cuyuni to the
was” . mouth of the Wm, taking six days on the voyage.
during; which we made a sketch map of.the Cuyuni
river by means of a. time survey, although w: had.
_taken the precaution to bring with us an exact
«3405.
precisi on and care by Mr Anderson, Civil Engineer.
| . triangulation of that river made with the utmost
3‘ At the mouth of the Venwno we had to reorganise
our expedition, so far at least as the transportation
of provisions was concerned, and the establishmen‘rléf ,
With m. é’nd in view Mr Perkins, Civil .;
‘ dEenpgoitnse,er,&hce;ad of the English Commission, had alreadv d our two cargo boats as far as
hushed on with his an
the Venamo was navigable. From. this same camp at the
at river one of our hosts was sent back
I! mouth of th
with twenty men, amongst whom I naturally sent ' _ -. .~
‘ I!
ir health or for other ,. i
those who on. account of the
' , not of much use. This boat was to go i, ..
6
reasons were
down and to return immediately with additional . ,:
provisions, and I sent by it, just as I
a. letter to the
and fresh
Minist er containing
had. done before,
1" the progress of the work.
a. detailed: account 0
f the three chronometers, which had for
en going irregularly,
so I decided to take this
wn, and. to keep only two
i ' ' I One 0 stopped while
. .
eerie days past 0°
we were in this camp:
Opportunity 0 rahle conditions to ,
he very unfuvou
which in 591w °f t _
. had been submitted kept in goodoondition.
whi ch they
. 3 of . middl the chronometrical ratings i
determination of 1ongitude. observations f" l c .. ' lnti tide !x.
quot-l _ I
a. - -l. 7—:27
Annex 42
.55.
‘54-
puauc Recoko orch
Ca
u
latitude, &o.,zall of which observations were made by
vthe technioal methods most applicable under the
circhhstances. ,
As there is a large island in the mouth of this
river it was necessary to bisect it by a straight
line, indioated on the ground by two heaps of through
boulders at the two ends, and by a line cut/the whole
length of‘it for a distance of four and a half
kilometres.
It was here that we received letters for the
,.first time since our departure from Georgetown.
Observations of the sun were taken at the '
'mouth of the Venwno, for the ohronometers, time and
longitude, so of which proved good ones; and
observatiohs of the stars for latitude, 25 of which
proved good ones. [In calculating these observations
the teohnical methods already indicated were employed.
From the mouth of the above-mentioned riv
followed its course upwards as farlas it was possible *”
to do so in our boats, and after five days journey
awai Falls.
larrived at the Ar ..
During our voyage this part of the Venamo was
mapped by time survey. . -
At “Arawai Full", or the Falls or the Arawai,
we established a general camp for provisions,
n by boat was only possible up to
because navigatio .
I constructed very durable
this point. fhere We
. f wattle and neponset. The provisions were
buildings-o
and stOred in F1
ght good order. We
here disembarked 11y selected
5 depot a specie
left in charge of thi
receive and despatch
man whose duty it was to .
. .9-75~
«I ' Previsions The
"nn 1 «f t I I that these pillals ' 1" u n .OI‘IB no 0 ' 63:11 I
BE REP R"ODUC”ED PHOrTwQ-QRVAVPiH‘ ICALLY WITHOUT PEM15_SION 1
'ia
Annex 42
CopleG HJHTVN
,V/w
/
“if
. .
I
f‘
a crew of 20 men on board with
orders to return immediately
with fresh suppli es.
3
l
1
1 During; the whole time that the work lasted this
I . Commission's boats made two journeys each, taking
a
1
l
1
were
0 ' manned by 18 Or 20 hands, a bowman or "proero" and a.
captain. They had carried 18 tons of bare necessaries.
The mean cost of transportation per 1b., as
franslator's note
-'l'he franc or
ialivar beinr-r total of £50,000 bolivares (francs) 3Xyeckoned
at $20. ‘
I} . As we had at this point definitely reached the a
* a
‘ n lmy’ most advanced point of our journey I‘had here to h 1
1
far as this place, was 15 cents. We may call it a.
extend the duration of the observations which, being
9 taken as in the earlier halts daily, both by sun and
stars, enablcdus before proceeding to determine the
chronometrical ratings with great precision.
Here I decided to send back my dear comrade
advice of Dr Elias Taro, who in his capa-
I
I
i
g
Dr Armando Blanca, in accordance with the well-I
' city of medical adviser gave mgr-to under-stami- that
h would not answer for the life of our companion
U ,f he remained 1n.the.bush.' I at once ordered his
1 .
. t'rn to Georgetown; and neither the careful
re 11.
1
‘ t tion that Dr Tore lavished on him on the
- at an ‘ _
i journey'nor the beneficial change of getting
return d in checking the illness the sad
i
I
l
back to town succeede ,u
‘ . . notified to the Ministry on
terminati on of which was u
unity and. gave the Governor or ‘ r
y of again showing his kindly
try. At last then, from
. . i
5 left all alone; and little did I .
NOVember» I wa think
/
V I
Annex 42
//
1
i
1
i
g
i
i
H
i
1
l
1
1“'3 1a+°1"s note -;
5 —5 apzyarentmxc
!‘ Word wanting
1. in
‘i the text.
I
i
i
!.
V’s
TO BE
think that the good-bye that I said to my generous
friend was the last good-bye. This journey has
parted me for ever it cm a comrade full of £5006.
qualities and of nobility of nature, whose death
I shall always deplore, and to whose memory I render
this day, when I cannot help remembering him with
such sad riepinings, the tribute of affection that my
1
gratitude inspires.
From this date the English Commissioners agreed
to work in conjunction with me, affording me most
efficient aid. At. this encampment, besides the notes
on temperature and atmospheric density made daily,
observations were made to determine the absolute
rates of the chronometers, as well as for latitudes
always in accordance with the technical methods mast
suitable under the circumstances. Besides this I
ued from this place my detaile
always informing it in minute
0 tin d corTeS'yOndence C n ,
with the Ministry,
detail as. to the progress of the work.
At th e beginning of the month of December. and.
vious investigations made on a
(guided by‘ (7) pre
we moved on by a two days' march
former occasions
on foot through the forest. tea
camp called "Tzhuau" ,
t h of the same river on the "Venamou, near the mou y e that'the explorer Sir
years ago for his
of 1840-1844. It
Annex 42
A
W
—’\
copYRIGHJ_T,NOT TO BE
V I
/
'taken before or afte
work abounding in serious difficulties
and his success in reaching the head is a testimony
to this gentleman's energy. Three times he had to '
ascend that river,_ but at last he succeeded in
crowning his laborious and interesting expedition
with a clear definition of "the most western source
of the Venamo". At this same place we had to
build three corials to transport up, the Venamo as
far as the falls of the Kura, a distance of 55
kilometres, the hands, provisions, tents, etc., that
were indespensable for carrying on the technical
work, both astronbmical and topographical, on that '_
river. It was at this camp that the Engineer, Mr
Bowhill, overtook me. He had been sent by Dr Blanca ,
immediately on his arrival at Georgetown. to place
his efficient services at my disposal in lieu of
Dr Blanco I entrusted him the topographical survey
of the Venamo throughout almost the whole or its
1engt.-‘h, which gave me the opportunityof comparing,
with satisfactory results, the incomplete surveys
r this by‘ Schom‘ourk, Perkins,
d and the undersigned, and of rectifying the An erson, u .
l observations. I also wrote from this
uiring him to remain till further
a's't ronomi cs.
place t 0 Dr Toro red. presence there was
‘ his
orders in town, because
f or the prompt despatch of the business ind‘i SP ensable
" omission.
of the C s-rvationB in this region
' r ' ob
- The astronomical were
r}.
~-
_
Annex 42
I1:8: Akawaio (?)
it
.-
-_
PUBLIC
sun “RD OFVF-ICE
r - were as follows :- 164 solar observations; of which
~ 115 were good for determination of errors and rates
of chronometers; determinations of longitude by
culminations of the moon and stars; 85 observations
13.‘of stars, of which 78 were good for latitude;
. 'determination of the azimuth of a line for the
correct orientation of the'tacheometric observations.
Here we came across the first "Guaica" and
“Arawayo” Indians in two benabs of wattle, who
cultivated a few wretched farms, and were greatly
delighted with our arrival which would help them
A few of them were sent off at once
to the Parima and Camarang to induce a good number of
them to come and work with us. This was very easily
managed; and it was, as a matter of fact, our salva-'
ticn to have at our disposition 50 or 60 or these
unfort unate folk, who, perfectly contented and
uw
submissive, obedient, docile and extraordinarily
strong for the work as they were, accompanied us'from
.this time until it was finished. - '
The discovery of these Indians solved an econmnm
problem which had caused us much anxiety, If we had
found ourselves obliged to undertake this very difficult
expedition with merely the hands that we
brought from Demerara, thoroughly disobedient, lazy,
and insubordinate as they were, receiving also
extravagantly high wages, we should not have been
able to meet the expenses.incurred, even with double
the amount estimatedm The diggherage‘from the last
camp, that of"Araway", to that of Tzhuau, seme.25
kilometres apart, was done on the shoulders of negroé
engaged for the purpose, who received 5 cents a pound
_ 31' _2 . extra
:27—‘3- » «.5
Annex 42
Vrr’Lt
Ca Ill/51,6
NOT/TO SHE REPRQ‘B‘ULED PHd‘
extra a 5 payment for porterage. We“ also employed
Indians in. this work, with satisfactory and
economical results. We lcft'here, properly
arranged, and under the charge of a careful
v ‘3 ‘ - V employre, our second magazme of stores, because after
ascending the Venamo we should be unavoidably
obliged to pass here once more on our way to
Roraima .
As soon as the observations were finished for
fixing astron omically the position of this important
observations
place, Where, as on previous occasions,
etc., were noted, being now informed,
of temperature,
Mr Perkins,
forest for some four
structed for
p of Tunapung, where we embarked,
ate the cam
ton furthest point accessible
iio"*"RA‘P‘H'CALLY WITHOlJ.1_u_wls,svoN
Annex 42
I MGM“ ' $2911; LI} 0 I r I c E
T'"T‘NOI"70 ur ‘ +16F7ETAHi--~- ‘ 5LLfLU‘“"“ '“IOIoannHICA[CV‘VHTF6DT PERMISSION
\-
--
to convey with the least possible risk the delicata
instruments and the heavy bulk of the astronomical
theodolite, and built along its course four camps
for us to take shelter in during the incessant rains,
and to spend the nights in.
Here I received the sad news of the death of
our dear comrade Dr Armando blanco, 35 days after
the event. Although in this sad-emergency Dr Elias
Toro performed all that the duties that the noblest‘
and most unselfish affection could suggest, thanking
the Government of the Colony for the marked proofs
of sympathy for our dead comrade that they gave, and
immediately communicating the distressing news to our
Government, I nevertheless wrotel- to the Government of
the bolony thanking them-for the manifestations of
d sympathy which they had given
1 occasion, and informed
appreciation an
Venezuela on this sorrowfu
my Government officially of ell the oi
the state of the work; and I once more
rcumstanoes,
and also of
pointed out to Dr Tera the necessity for his remainng
there, authorising him to continue to be the official
tive of the Commission in t
son I finished the part of the
e astronomical position of
represents he Colony.
'With Mr Anderobservations
that fixed th
that spot; and whilst we were thus occupied Mr
no service of the Venezue
mac
hiosl survey of the Von
Inn Commission
Bowhill in t
Continued the topograp
river.
At the smne time We had sufficient provisions
a; I rought from Tun W
for this expedition b
distributed all
had carried and and also ’ u
' Nos.1 2 J ;
trail to the head waters, viz. at snow” ’ ' ' l
u I (1 men's ocunp", such Prom-151mm 0'5 ‘ h
and 4, and Des ‘ we ;
:ung in ooriuls, Ir
1! . along the qr
-\
£31.;
Annex 42
I. Men-Ace'- C0- Hl/Cygg.
'calculate the altitude of the place. This gave us the
'_English and the other mine, and to leave the others
'_entrusted them to the hand
PUBLIC RE ’4 Vw” w
,
?-
h
‘.
we considered necessary for our ascent to "the most
“western head of the Venamo". d
As the height of these regions above the sea- ' t
level now began to he of some importance we decided 1
to begin here hypsometrical observations to determine
the boiling point of water and by this means to . h
-Qpportunity of testing the readings of our aneroids.
Besides this the temperature of the surrounding
atmosphere, the atmospheric pressure, etc., was taken
daily; and, whenever the rains allowed of it, all the
astronomical observations by sun and stars essential
for the exact determination'of this point were made.
' As mr Perkins had now returned from his toilsome
expedition we decided to start, agreeing to take with
us only two chronometers, one belonging to the
at that camp in charge of the above-mentioned
gentlemen.,
We took this wise precaution because of the
great difficulties of the journey, and the consider-
'ahle risk of losing instruments that were the very
life and soul of the work. We took the greatest care
about their carriage to prevent any serious damage;
and protected them carefully against the incessant
'rain and the abundant moisture of the air; and_
s of the most relfahle men,‘
viz.t the captains of our "tent-boats". Thus we
tech them as far as "Deed man's camp".
[We started on this pilgrimage - we may well call 1
'it so - from the Khra Fall» on th° 5rd of February. S
We traversed vast forests, one after another, RIWays W
toning .
/-u '22
.___1.5J
(I
Annex 42
PUBLIC “gag-w”
\owcs
Q9- III/5M.
TO BE EEVPRCDUCFD PHo'Tocrz-AFHT‘“
CALY WITHO_UT_P_E_ILMJSSION
l ‘ taking care to place between Mr Anderson and myself
the two men who carried‘ the chronometers, and the
three with the astronomical theodolite and‘ the.
smaller instruments. Then followed the rest carrying
our scanty personal effects, viz., a. hammck,
tarpnulin, and only onegoirment each in which we
passed the night whilst the Indians dried by halves
in the smoke the clothes worn during the daY- we
were obliged to do this because in the first place ,
1
I
i
l
1
i
i we werereckoning to do with only Just enough people
i ‘ to carry~ food' and the terpaulin, and nothing more,
I and in the second place our financial resources would
‘ .11ot allow us to exceed those narrow limits.
I The cost of porterage per lb. from the Arawai _
' camp to the half-way point 01‘ the‘Venamc river was
3‘ 31:.t'or s note§é~27 centavos (1.35‘bolivares)'and I had to transport
I "cents", i. e.
hog; 1’s. #.l/20 about thrrec tone; that is to say%.10,000 was spent ‘r. .27 20 — ‘1-35 - Here 1 on this count alone.' 1
mm is reckoned as .
-I§1/5, or 10d. in On the evening of that same day, after six 15?: none It
-.and 1 2d. hours of trying walking we encamped at Camp No.2.
"3 no real ":2-. exchange From this point we set out to continue the ascent,
S ‘2, I mean, ,
. arriving by evening;- at Deed man s camp.
I ‘ This was the spot selected beforehand by Mr
('1 Pericins for retaking the astronomical observations. It
was necessary to take them here instead of at the
actual most westerly source of the Venamo river,
because it was perfectly impossible to transport the
chronometers to that spot. But both points were
connected by'a. tacheometric survey of 5 kilometres
made by myself with the greatest.“ care; and by this
a exact nosition of those two points was
5
means th
Before our arrival some Indians had-halted there
to
‘ ‘H ""— T
.
_
7:, ...
i!‘
m: “
Annex 42
‘7
PUBLIC R “M iii V .
CO. Hl/fllo.
BE REPRED’UCE“D _,PHQ[,_QVG;R_APVHICALLY w: THO LJJLMJSSION 1 L; 3E
k—HLa 7 _-, V
to make the clearing which was necessary for taking
. the observations. One of them fell sick on arrival. I; .
there, and. in spite of his physical vigour he could ‘1'
not stand the cold, the trying weather, and the food;
and whilst his fellows were finishing the work, I .' '
which tech 8 days, more or less, this poor man who I
had left his home and his family to follow us, full, f .' ‘9
of life and: enthusiasm, ended his obscure days in E
f
. those dolei‘ul mountains. His companions, scared and F
i with the thinnest layer of earth one inch deep, and.
1
full of superstitious dread, barely covered the body 3 , L
E afflicted and in. tears ran back to join us in camp 1i
3 No.2, where, as I have already said, we ware going to
spend the night. ‘ . ' .1 ..
Terrified by the death of their companion they -‘ - .,
1.
entreated us to allow them to go down as far- as the -.m-..
Kura. camp, where they would wait for us with Mr
Perkins. It was then Our first business to go to
the body properly, which in
that other camp to bury
old of that Iregio
n soon began to'
spite of the c
decompose and. to make its presence felt by the smell,
for it was onl our camp.
y 6 metres from
ere b violent
i . In this place, lashed as we w y
and unceasing wind gusts,
| cold that we fol
'which brought with them'
t most keenly, as
we had to spend nine dreadguard
unceasingly
we were only'hali‘ clothed, Mounting
- . ‘ J. _
I from eight in the mornin; “0 ‘ - _
. ' ,_
by the theodoli t e
011' rselves _ '
V ‘ ‘ “' ‘ um or some '3' a ulty eaten sight of the s I u u e 1.
s+9r they a s cecal d in rakin, some 25
w 1). 4.1-2 .1 tr
.. . or o . , . — - road for latitude and 7
U
, ,
‘ L . . O observations, 9 for
’1 ‘_
\ N \ \‘l
Annex 42
for the chronomet
ere, In calculating these we
_. , It . w employed 5J3 iornulae most suitable under the very
ltlons that prevailed; but it is
unfavourable echo
'1 "I + setlsfacuory to me to be able to state here that our
pains
u A".
wer ' . ~ ‘ , - " e rewarded by ‘ e-estonisning results
w 4. L . . cocained there - for instance the two values for
longitude obta
. lned from the two chronometers differed
by only seven tenths of a second,f about 300 metres.
ered in our note-b“
1~ ' We a_ao out coks notes of the
heric pressure, and boiling point
azimuth:for the orientation of the topographical.
observation; and fl sally we marked on a rock and on
I
.eree the in.tials of the two nations, V.-B.G.
Starting two days before me, during which I
made the tacheometric survey already spoken of,
Mr Anderson set out on the return journey with the
.chronometers, to wait for me at the Khra Fall can»
I ought not to omit to mention the unforeseen
trials, the difficulties, and the discomforts, the
'sxcessive exertion and the laborious struggling,
the endless hardshios, ate the great determination
that was necessary to enable us to arrive at the
' objective of the first‘exyedition, which we attained
at the most westerly source of the Venamo river.
There there lay, as a mute witness to ell thatithis
hoplies; the remains of a poor fellow whose hardihood
and habitual life in the forest stood him in no
stead against the conditions of life which we had to
J.
‘ndure there There physical energy was annihilated
4.1 I i I" 916 80 5.31)) c5385. wink it “as ol._vI. d one B 3 )1 its ‘1. .
and the satisfaction that + 90f duty) In . an e;al.ed sens country that could gossioly
_ '
one felt in serv1ng one s
/ "" :1* ’ sustain
“
__ ~ *zrwc‘r'r;:"‘r. .
(I
Annex 42
4"
region;
I
atrophied and disappear in t
PUBLIC REC()RBWOFFICE
Cam/51,5.
REPR-hi PHOIQVGARVAVP‘HICALLY WIT HoAULELRHJSjION
sustain us during such dismal days. Twenty-one
men set foot for the first time in 'this remote and
lugubrious region :— 12 English, 8 Indians, and
l Venezuelan.
On the determination of this furthest point
wc-had now the six points of most imgortance on the
Venamo river astronomically determined, to wit :-
Its debouchure into the Cuyuni.'
The Arawai Fall. ‘
The mouth of the Tzhuau river.
The Kura Fall. _ ..
Dead man's camp, and j
The most westerly source of the Venamo river.
Later on, during our return journey, the position of
the mouth of the Pataguaru river, between the mouth
of the Venamo and the Arawai Fall, was also determined
And it was necessary to take this large number of.
points partly because the distance the chronometers
had travelled and the peculiar conditions of each
place made it necessary, and partly to define
perfectly clearly the long course of the above—
mentioned river.
At Dead man's camp the vegetation is notably
The vigour of the trees has been
t the bleakness of the
impoverished.
unable to hold its own agains
and those trees which in lower zones flourish
Vigorously by reason of the rich soil and the
exuberant life that it imparts to them become
hese high regions, and
give ylace to a different type of vegetation which is
' s were
poor and feeble.
covered with moss,
13:1
Annex 42
' PUBLIC
Rr:':r€nCC:‘ C O R D O F F I C E
'3 ‘ Ca
—NOT To A__ _ copYRIGH_T,_._,. BE WITHOUT PMJSSION
;
half _a metre in depth, which makes the ground so
yielding that it is more difficult than ever to
travel over.‘ Themain bod")r of the through
the various branches into which the Venamo splits up
but becauSe of the unceasing rain the whole of the
ground is constantly washed by the waters underneath
the covering of the moss already referred to.
In these regions thanks. to the effects of the '
" climate animal life also is far less exuberant.
We were never able to observe the presence of birds
or quadrupeds. 'Neither'did we see-a single snaice
in that district, and not even insects were met with.‘
. Chilly winds, the mosf' intense cold, solitude and ‘
death form the surroundings that adorn the sources of
k ‘ I the Venamo at more than 1200 metres above sea-level.
C I From the said camp I returned to Kura Fall so
as, in conjunction with Mr Anderson, to take the
i
5
l observations that were necessary to determine the
I
\ errors and rates of the chronometers; and, as Mr
Bowhill also came up with us at that place on his
' return from the head-waters, I decided to leave him
there in my place, and myself to proceed at once with
i ‘ Mr Perkins to the Tzhuau camp to organise the
eXpCdition to Roraima. It was then that one
realised more than ever the great usefulness of the
Indians.
'- Taking into consideration the great distances
that we had to cover, and beinsoguided by their
t detachment of them
'Suggestions, we sent on a firs
e parima river, a tributary of the
Gamirang where they came across their first settle- l ’
ision grounds.
1r families the pro
to the mouth of th
Here they were to leavements
and prov -
in the custody 01' the
visions that
th ey
20-127.:
n
Annex 42
cOpYRlG
most distressing,
I ought to do. From th
'-of the progr'e‘is °f t
'\
H_T__:7NOT TO BE \
the? tool ‘ t” \ J c litn vnem, and return again to Tzhuau
T;-el. flTSt expedition toOk six days for the whole
journey. Darin" ‘ ' '
. c this period we sent off two or
‘v i ‘ mm“ more gangs, transporting in each case whatever
was most essential.
Whilst we were at the Tzhuau camp, a few days
laser than this, Messrs Anderson and Bowhill rejoined
us '3 ' ‘ “ "
, already on oneir way down. In conjunction with
tne former I made a successful ‘series of observations
to assure ourselves with perfect accuracy of the
state and rates of the chronometers,— an indispensable.
tum for our approaching journey. Meanwhile the
latter went to finish the little that: remained to ‘be
done to complete the survey of the Venamo river.
On the arrival of these gentlemen Perkins at
once set off to explore, so ‘as to ascertain and send.
back to us precise and reliable information for our
journey, which was a very delicate matter, as we had
to take the chronomcters with us.
At this camp I gave Mr Bowhill-orders, now that
his survey was completed, to return at Once to
. i '
Georgetown in one of my boats, and as h-s serv1ces
were most useful it was with great regret that I
found myself obliged to deprive myself of them,
. . '0 was
because the financial Position of the ConmiSSl n
the expenses increasing enomOUSJ-Y:
he 1-ast idea of what on earth 6. not 1: so that I ha as from an the preis
68-759:
nistry a. minute account
0139 to the Mi
vious ones, I V” for the
h work I gave orders . e . -
:hill to Bartica to
s to take Hr Em
reighted'
boat “mull we. with provisions. I had.
return irrmediat=ly f to change
I .
1“.
Annex 42
/
.u
Ce. Ill/51,6.
to change the freighter of the Atrawai depot
, because
I was not satisfied with his bonduct. The depot was
rearranged and stocked with a fresh consignment
of goods.
I established continuous relays of freighters
(or droghers) from Tzhuau, with depots on the Parima.
and Camarang. And vmile I was finishing the time
observations with Mr Anderson, I was awaiting news !
from Perkins; who, as I have already mentioned,
started from this point some time before us, so as to
get everything ready for us for our journey. \
Thanks to the generosity of the Governor of
the English Colony we received while here a good
supply of tubes of lymph, which wei-se‘t to work
use among the Indians; and we succeeded in checking
a terrible epidemic of small-pox that prevailed at,
that time in their settlements on the Parima,
I
I e of I
Caxnarang,‘ and Roraima. During the whole cours ‘
Indians that is to say the majority of these
belonging to the Roraima settlement.
M‘—
_\ ’W
End of Park/1 '
Jam
12- 515': "H/ E
Annex 42
'
d
‘ that the modification was un
°_f my country, I 8-
P 7[Q§RAP
Part II ~ '
Mt .Roraima.
1904
Having received satisfactory tidings from
Perkins we decided to start at once. We set out on
the 3rd of March, accompanied by twenty-five persons,
Indians and negroes together, always paying very
particular attention to the transportation of the
chronometers. For four days we advanced by slew
marches so as not to expose our instruinents to any
sort of'risk; traversing in the midst of torrential
rains, and by almost impassible tracks, country of an
exceedingly broken character; climbing up and.
'climbing down-towering and sometimes almost
inaccessible mountains; having previously crossed
the Parima river in three tiny skiffs of a kind
' ‘ o e than 80 or
knovm as "Wood-skins", carrying 11° "1 r
100 lbs. weight apiece, which had been constructed
Indians on Mr Perkins' orderr
t the English Commisbeforehand
by the
It was at this camp the.
. . t e
sioners suggested to me the substitution of h
ibo for
Watershed between the Orinoco and the Essequ
Paris
the straight Venamo—Roraima line that the
to be the bOundary'. Award. declared I .
matter, and being convmced
I though t over the “madly to the advantage
e
nswered them that I would at one
4 osal to my
x"Wort on the above-mentioned PW?
1112- “1°
the LIWP" chanml' ’ .
Govermnent through minister
A ‘ .: Y ‘3 ' '(L ‘I /
__-_.___I—-———-—'—v‘
IH'CALLY wurHinLEELMJSjION
I
(4
Annex 42
u
Wow
N
Minister for Foreign Affairs, my official head. And
I did so accordingly in a special despatch; in which
I enumerated as clearly as I possibly could what I
considered, and still consider to be, real advantages
The answer to this despatch, numbered is, and dated
March 10th, came to hand during the last days of the
ruonth of July. In another comumnication I also
reported, as I did from all the other camps, on the
progress of the work, detailing with the minutest
care even the most trivial incidents.
Immediately after our arrival Mr Perkins left
to make the necessary exploration of the Parima river
up to its head waters, making a timeesurvey of the
course of the river as he Journeyed, but with no more
proximate accuracy that was sufficient in
ntributed to a fuller knowledge
than the ap
this case. This co
ereafter be found useful
of the region, which might h
1teration of the boundary—line.
ent the time that he was thus
ervations of longitude,
for the a As usual
Anderson and I sp
travelling in taking obs
etc;, and noting the readings of the
Here 78
14 of which
latitude, time,
thermometers, aneroids, hypsometers, etc.,
observations by sun and stars“were taken,
were g cod for latitude, and 36 for chronometrioal
ratings.
At the some time,
availing ourselves of the
ent on provisions to
sssge of the Generous;
r the
Indians' services, we 8
next camping place at the 93
place which, althoush
peered to us: bec
it was not for from where we
importance,
last observ
VIC Rf RIPR‘H) - k “(In nuorockAmucKnV‘VnTHoUT HRMI“ION 15.3
Annex 42
so as to save time,
to send on Mr Anderson at once to explore the
Camerang (a ma.
As soon as
ever these were completed, together with all the
notes of minor observations, we prepared to continue
our journey, which was however delayed for one day
by a. tremendous rise in the waters of 8. narrow
affluent of the Parima. For we were at this point
unprovided. with Indian"wood-skins" to put the
chronometers and delicate instruments on board whilst
we swam across. From the Parima camp to that on the
Camarang was a Journey of eight hours, very slow
walking because of the care required in the transport
02? the chronometers. It was here, on the banks of
the river of the same name (Camerang) a. principal
tributary of the Mazaruni, that we came across the
second Indian settlement. This consisted of not
more than five or six houses with twenty or thirty
Persons in each. It was surrounded by provision
grounds in which considerable quantities of cases“;
and. cotton are cultivated, as well as lesser quantities
of-cane, yams, plantains, pine-apples, 0915119“:
mane, kidney—beans, and other food-plants. As our
tents were on the oPP°31t° bank to that on Wank we
were,” was necessary to constru ct , with a. view to
‘future needs two.Ind13“ "wood-skins". which we used
I
With very satisfactory results during the nth ole time
that We remained here in our J ourneys to and fro
bet h and Roraima. At this camp. which was . Ween ere
the place where peth-P s the ruins W-‘l'a heavy,
I a very
WITHOULRERL’USASION I
7‘
,i
s‘
,.
. IV
:1
...
L
, -'1
$.v
t I
‘u I
3.,
I. .
‘-
re’. ,
I V
O ' ’~
I.’ 1
.‘ A
I“ ;
a}; 'I
.
in
4
Annex 42
PUBLIC pgc‘67,“"\ ,o ' ., me- Kw : C0
a very good series of astronomical oboervations by-
' ' 5”“ and 5”” .W” taken, with the object of determining
With due accuracy the errors and rates of the
Chmmmtws' 9‘ very necessary datum in view or the
10116 journey which we had to make to reach the next
camp. 109 observations were made to determine the -
longitude and latitude of the place, of which we used '
'76.
The temperature and atmospheric pressure were
noted daily, and the boiling point of water was taken
to verify the altitudes indicated by the aneroids.
Whilst this was being done with respect to the'
technical part of the work, with— regard to our
material necessities we lost no time in despatching
ma settlement, freightr
the
relays of Indians to the Berni
ing stores that they wore to leave there undo
charge of no one; for the Indian's sense of honOur,
which is proverbial in these regions, makes no 1.
cessary, and they all of then
after, respected, and took care of our property that
precaution no looked
had been left there even more zealously than they,
waited for the return of the
would their own; We
first party, with whom we ha
ed negroes; so as t
ct notion of the distances,
6. sent two or three of
our best conduct 0 obtain from them
a more definite and exa
difficulties, etc - 3
[ our'Bolves.
' At the same time that Mr Perkins and I were
151‘ ~Anderson
employed in the manner ment1°n°d
Was exploring and. maxim
to its head-waters; and was
Gamay-mg river up
11), the principal points in the
. 1 ca - . oetemining 35tr°n°m distance
’I‘"'T r ’ ' HT NO 0 BE REPRODUCFD PHOT GR PHICALLV w17H0,U1_g£.st.5ION
(I
1
'
oar-x
Annex 42
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
Q9- HI/ylw.
distance cowered, and was also with the delicate
precision that distinguishes his work of this nature,
making the important triangulations which, being as
they are almost all of them on Venezuelan territory,
will make our map exact data in a
region where it would otherwise have been imyossible
for economic reasons to obtain the sketch-plan of
even the smallest portion of the territory. And at
thanks to the special circumstancea
1
wder which I acted on my own initiative,
the present time
I realised what was the best course to take, in the
discharge of the duty entrusted to. me, Venezuela will
ccurate plan of a region of almost
an the cost of making which
soon have an a
2,000 sq.kilometres; a pl
by itsel f represents more than the whole of the
s for the work of delimitation,
money assigned to u
h, although perhaps
and the importance of whic
iderable in the
scarcely realised to-day, will be cons
uela.
future history of Venez
water-courses, and mountains
All the savannahs,
e Venamo-Roraima ii
and the mapping of
Situated west of th no have been
located with sufficient ex
actness;
not follow the
his region does .
the boundary in t t line joining
g long straigh
d down by the Award, but
importance fa r my country, from map which even
bitable value.
5 over the whole
- ' . a
mentioned, are T5615t°r°d 0“
O is of indu
this point 0
Mr Anderson exten
q—‘w‘V—‘w
$¥FEbbbéFH~$~ws—‘.i__ '~HOIQG{5PHWALLY WITHOUT pasuiamow
and because.
Annex 42
chronometers ,
Ce. /”/51/6.
. yRIGHJJLNOT To BE “REDUCED PHCTI
WITHO_UT_P_E_gMJ5»5|ON
for Venezuela. He was the first to clear'up by
means of minute investigations among the Indians and
by his many explorations on the different rivers and.
mountain-chains, certain points that have been
erroneously laid down in all published official
documents up to the present time. I tested, partly
by observations of my own, and partly by correlating
\ his survey with the astronomical observations taken
by Mr Perkins and myself on Roraima, the whole of his
work, and found the results satisfactory in the matter
of exactness under such very disadvantageous condi- 4
tions.
As soon as the first party sent on by Perkins
and me from the Camarang camp returned from Roraima
we decided to start. We set out very early in the
morning of the day following the return of the
exploring party. We left at this place a sufficient
.Supply of provisions for them to go on forwarding
them to the various points at which we might find
ourselves. Provided with what was necessary in the '
sions, tents, etc., for this long
way of provi
g employed in carrying the
Journey, nine men bein
theodolite, and at
I following the bank of the Cama- ‘
we began our climb,
After two ho
tartled by the maje
The impression produ
her instruments alone ,
urs marching through dense
rang river.
stic yanorama of
forest we were 5 ced on
the Cutchi or Utchi Fall.
stood before tn
g themselves shoe
is quite indescribable.
at stupendous volume
our minds as we ' r down from a
of waters precipitatin
st 500 metres
5 interesting,
one, no les nether 59
height of able
- 3 was & But ther "ions; for
tore 1
that Nature had 1"- S whild:
J
153.3
*WD.
2ml.
W45:
9‘:
‘E
‘~3§hs
Annex 42
VUULIC RECORD Orpiv—
Ca
0 Town REPRODUCF»6_
PFjOTO>GRAP7HICALLY WITHOULEEVKMJSSION
5»
I whilst we had hitherto, for the space of seven months,
had to emigre living in the densest and gllomiest ‘/
forests, where we never set eyes on even so much as
100 sq. metres of open country, and never saw a ray
of sunlight, being ever in the deep shadow of the
gigantic trees,- all of a sudden, after a most
laborious climb of two hours, there opened out before
I t .
us the vast expanse of the great savanahs extending
! '
the range of vision for many a. long mile into the ‘
distance. The impression received was one of the‘ I t
! intensest pleasure. We felt our respiration easier, 3
and even the distressing fatigne of the preceding
ascent was gene. We saw the broad expanse of the
sky taking the place of the tops of secular forest
: trees. Our spirits revived with this change in the
face of Nature, and our exhausted forces sprang into
new life within 'us. From that time forward our
marches were much more rapid; which the nature of
being‘now much less broken.
the country made possible,
1 That same afternoon we began to catch sight of the
ns which, with Roraima, constitute
ceedingly high escarpments from
rm strei'ns and rivers that
; imp osing mountai
‘ the great range Of EX
which hundreds of falls :60
Whilst we were en
ad. the owortu
gr outlines o
5 range of mount
hes for five days.
0 8- i guara w e h nity of gazing on the
' the Eliutipu, the
mErvellously regal f .
outpost of thi
ry rapid mam
‘I
we were Ema:
sins. We
advanced.
J'Ourney'ed by ve I inconvenienced by
. day Dxrlns “1° third a on the fourth: when V” m"
in; an ‘
the continual rs. demon
banks of the Yuruani, Mr An
encamped on the Joined
. -
I a!
‘13- >
Annex 42
'n
joined us, opportunely for taking astronomical
b .t ' u o I o serva ions there, suffiCient for fixing that
p 0 int approx'imat ely .
Moreover it was from day that we began I
to see in the far distance the longed for Mt Roraima.
On the following day, at almost six o'clock in the
afternoon, we arrived, utterly‘ exhausted by the long
journey that we had‘undertaken with very insufficient
food,- at the Indian village on'the savannah that
skirts the base of the towering mountain. We were
received by all the inhabitants with demonstrations ‘
of the greatest respect; and we found ourselves
obliged, so as to gain confidence and banish all
mistrust, to accept the complimentary offering of
cassava that had been freshly made for us and
"casire", their favourite drink. And it was a most
delightful surprise to us to see how these poor folk
had carried their. delicate courtesy to such a length
as to have all ready for us, clean and in perfect
order, and placed entirely at our disposal, a
' a floorin
Complete house, built of wattle, with g
a yard above the ground: 5° as to protect us from the
Wa‘er of the incessant rains that fall here, as indeed
annah.
they do over everybther part of the vast sav
rec
The whole neighbourhood came out to
and that in
eive us, and I
. it '
to claSp our hands 1“ “ken or am y,
f the natural dread. 1'
time white or
elt by many °f °“
spite 0 black men and
- r r the first
seem:a _or men clothed- There were the
i i 1% 0f the strange 5 Sn and not a thing “"15
def;
stores in very 5°°d or
I Jlet O
W C. had to Stay fif been days In the 1131‘ f
I; I Place. Th1 B a]. Ha I l ’ 5 call bllls "
the Ind an i
call ' G .uan, as 'I /
Annex 42
n
fFFOT5CWX$LHAI_CA_L.LY WITHoul_£iRM155“3N
VUuLIC CE
x
Ca
time was broken by the days spent in ascending the
majestic mountain. Anderson was the first to
accomylish this journey, taking four days over it
because he had to complete on the top of the mountain
most careful geodetical operations, partly to
determine the point selected as the end of the
princigal base-line for a triangulation of the third
'order, on which he was able to measure - repeating
the angular measurements again and again - all the.
angles of the triangle formed by that point and the
two extremities of the (measured (?) base; and
partly to connect and check the positions of the
multitude of yoints visible from here which he he
already used in his astronomical observations and in
‘ his great net of triangles.
To fix the point selected, the base already
referred to, three kilometres in-length, was
measured carefully . For its azimuth, we determined
that by astronomical observations. Upon this base
triangulations were made which were very important,
not only to determine culminating points, but also
to connect the great net of triangulations made on
this base during Mr Anderson's expedition. At this
camp we made daily notes of temperature and atmospheric
pressure; and the boiling-point of water was
determined by means of the hypsometer, to ascertain
'the altitude of the place. The longitude, latitude
in his charge whilst Mr Perkins and I climbed Roraima.-
and errors and rates of chronometers, were calculated
by means of the technical formulae most suitable under
the circumstances. The result was as good observations
out of more than 100 taken in all.
On Mr Anderson's return we left the chronometers
, Every
.- I \51—2172-w
RLCORD QFF'V"
Annex 42
Q
Ca Ill/51,"
Every preparation had been made beforehand
A'camping
place of wattle had been constructed half-way
to spend the night in, in case we were not able to ‘ 1‘
reach that great height in a single day. And,
accompanied not only by our own people, negroes and
Indians, but also by six or eight Indians more from
the neighbourhood, we started early on the morning of
the 11th of April, and after eight hours of very ' -
laborious walking interrupted by short moments of
resting we at .last attained the top of the interesting
Mount Roraima. That afternoon-there flared out E
upon it for the first time the Venezuelan flag; and I, I
the only one of my countrymen that has, ever visited
that giant, stationed there by Nature'to divide the
territories of three nations, and to feed with the
waters that gush from its granite entrails the three
great rivers of South America, the Amazon, the
Orinoco, and the Essequibo, lifted up my heart to
God to pray to Him for the welfare of the country
i:
that gave to the world the genius of American liberty.
The ascent is extremely difficult. In the first
- w throw.
{place it is necessary to travel a long 8% gh
dense bush with neither path nor sirrahee to follow
opnnirg a pa..'-sa.ge with our own bodies through the
slumbering up the steepest
n necessitated the use of the
matted undergrowth,
declivities which Gite
h trunks and. roots and
hand-5, over ground all sown wit
with thick moss and dead foliage,
completely covered
(1 considerably the laboriousness of the ase I, which incre .
/ . er Present peril of
ascent and multiplied the ev I
that spongy covering and falling
. . on slipping be.c1£v"i~1".1'3 to the
32- 217l‘vfh/
the slightest
- . . Indian for h .4 ~
‘ ~ rruliGC, - 13: -;ed
2° 'T-rmla‘m'“ 1”“ %Tfoa cnl.y bi. “ 5“ 9‘ “ ”.
POSsibl-e bush-traili,“. 6W1”,- mer -
uGh-V
Annex 42
to the ‘ -o t . ~ . oottom, with a. very good chance of breaking an
arm 0 ‘ ~ I I ‘1 log, Ono's hands, torn lay the branches,
trunks n 0 ,
. , and roots \lulch one had constantly to grasp,
we I" E f n . rccuently Pierced by the ubiquitous thorns
that ‘ . ~ . . i thrust their snarp points into them. At the end
Of th's ‘ + ». . i first hart or the ascent one finds oneself-
! . a“ the £0011 01‘ the great mass, that is cut off
. 1 vertically by a PNCiPice of more than 500 metres
in hail! t. Skirting it, and ascending still steeper
slopes which demanded proportionately greater
efforts, I continued the ascent, passing every now
and'thcn beneath the falls through the free space
left between the parabola described. by the water in
,...,
its fall and the natural talus of'the mighty mass.
t last, when we rare now about 150 metres vertically
below the top, we came upon the only breach that
i has been discovered by the Indians which it is
possible to reach the table-land of Roraima. By the
time we reach here the vegetation has already
red, and one finds only a few rickety
l
l
I disappea.
' 'shrubs little more than a. yard high growing at great
I
distances apart.
‘ the ascent is even more
" this last part of )4 x the earlier part. t consist: of a. angerous thax I
long stair-case consisting of slight and very Blinery
almost vertical and Completesteps
in the naked. rock,
c
i
, ~ . t‘ t ’ i , \ 13‘ bare- The vertigo caused. by gazing W A“ I!
1 ‘ A. H d I 1‘ rd. abyss constitutes a. grave danger in “5611';
‘ Pro Oun- AL 37"? .ono that 13 equal to facing «1-4.:
and it 5.5 nu»; v “ J
‘21 a 5‘u cliin‘b, as is evidenced by the 1
, .
' ‘ we we
. - veliers 11 ~ * tra. 51v“ also did not suCCeeu in gehvlllg
' . . We ours
P0111“ S to the meit 01' the mountain.
lower -
all our fol
Annex 42
HT i FJOT YO ‘BF'hFP’RoDUCFD
wru not able to ascsvt
N
C0~////517,6l
PHOT ‘
A
13‘“ 111:; tile \‘IllOlC course or tilt-Journey we advanced
“may "11 "' ' N l aoundant and disagreeable shower-bath; 1‘01"
at "L'l‘é t"me'“ = ‘ ‘ ‘ w ‘ t i my urinal“; uranches, or the ruins,
which in this region'uuver cease save for a. few
auinutqs at a time, and at another time the clouds
saturated with steam; iixoisture,i. or our passing
bequeath the falls keyt our bodies constantly
firczichéd thawing, that/hole time that our climb upwards
Ulastud.
in this lacality the cold is most intense, the
thermometer falling as low as‘to.6'; and. it produces
quite a deadening feeling. The vegetation is poor,
but has the peculiarity oi‘ qfrer'ingztolthe traveller's
gaze a. great variety 01‘ most lovelyrorchids oi‘ thvf'
handsomsst tyyes, and a multitude of flowers 01‘ very
beautiful cclours. These have been classiiied by
the various expeditions which from the time of
Schom‘uurl: have visited this syot, enriching the
troyical flora with new and interesting types till
then unknovm. Of the animal life 01‘ the glacs we
ain anything more than the
1‘ b1 aok
v
PTCSence or l‘our'or five anal]. birds 0
h bore a. strong resemblance to our
which must aural}! be the species
2' under the name or gelaous
pltmlaée , whic
co. anon swallows,
classified by M? Sclate
Imthumi.
used a. cruuny batman
place we
ulin, and.
in; it with a. tarya.
0 branches of the
For our camp ing
,.
two great rocks, cove.
01031115 the narrow envl‘
‘ ’ ' and taking
dwarf tree Bonnctia Roraima, i the
' ' "t rate t
i'r' «3.17.3.“5 burning; inside to m g S. '1 c - VJ
- uld.
intolerable 1.3611116 01‘ b 1 “0 pain: settled on
.. . I
‘ 1' mun.
The day after Owl as the
r;
i,
W WITHOULIERMJSSION
ANWW.
(I
Annex 42
PUBLIC RECE)RD OFFICE
(10- III/5M.
as the boundary was marked on a rock, with the
3 . the —1"L- ~ . ~ . . initials of two nations and of the Commissioners,
separated by a vertical straight line, thus :-
B. G. V. British Guiana - Venezuela
P - T - Perkins - Tirade .
x A- Anderson.
Here the temperature of the.boiling-point of
water, and at short intervals that of the surrounding
air were taken . But we did not note the indications
of the aneroids, because the divisions marked on
their quadrants did not reach 56 great an elevation
and they were completely out of order. Inside ‘a.
square flask, thoroughly well protected, we left on a
paper, written in ink in the Spanish language, a
declaration signed by Perkins and myself that we
agreed to accept that point as the boundary laid down
in the Arbitrators' Award.
Then we descended to complete at Camaiguguau
the observations necessary for the determination of
-
u
the latitude, longitude, and time. This we did by
means of 86 good observations out of 107 taken in all
On our return Anderson left to complete his
triangulations, and to ascertain the true heads of
the Cotlnga, which are on Roraimai
. ' ‘ ‘
When these last observations had been made the
positions of all the most inwcrtant yoints ware now
fixed But as the longitudes depended wholly on the ‘ 3
‘ ' '. in s ite of t
chronometers, and tnose instruments, 9 ac
' ' ‘ ‘heir trans ort
very great care that He .ooh over u . y ’
had
1'? J
Annex 42
I “MUG “COo F F RE—Vi”
Merencei" N
Ca Ill/54,6.
TO BE REPREio’uczo
WK’ _
had suffered changes in their rating, we decided to
repeat on the return journey all the time observations
at the same points as they had been taken at
before. By comparing results we were able to discard '
those that differed from the mean by more than an
amount agreed uponrand to accept only those that
were completely satisfactoryi and it is by these
I) . me: IS, that the values adopted for longitude have
i _ sen rendered worthy of absolute confidence.
y ‘ 5 .~ I From Camaiguguau, Perkins and I went back to
l ._ . the Camarang to take the observations over again.
' Here Mr Anderson rejoined us. They waited there :—
with all the instruments whilst I set out at once
proceeding by rapid marches to Arawai on the Venamo
river to complete its toyographical survey with the
tacheometer. Whilst I was employed on this work they
occupied their time in taking time observations'at'the
above-mentioned point and at Farina, Tzhuau, and,
; I Arawai. During my survey I made the clearing at
the mouth'ci‘ the Pataguaru river for the astronomical
observations that they made as they passed the spot,
viz., 10 for longitude (time and errors oi‘ chronometer).
18 good for latitude.
On this journey, as we passed by Tzhuau another
Of the Indians who were working with me died. All
' ' and neither
exertions to save him were unavailing,
the remedies emyloyed nor his youth and physical
Strength could stay the fever that carried him off
After four or five dad's. In this snot, which is in
' ' " en burial This was
Venezuelan territory, he has giv .
the second mark of that kind evidencing the passage
' "1 '- enamo
0:? the ConunisSions along v.19 V .
From
pHrQIQGVBAPiHIC/KLLY WITHOAULPEVELUSSION
r -. .—
‘”—l‘—FM“‘:
r:
1.} .
I?
f
u
Annex 42
u
From the Arawai (2
amp I sent away almost all the
Indians, onl;r keeping the few that were absolutely
necessary for surveying the river. With this same
. .eci i . , . J, .
003 b n View I bought two canals from some 01'err
Indians. I wrote as usual to the Ministry 9. long
letter giving an account of the expedition, mention--
115 in it every detail however insignificant. I
venture respectfully to call the attention of the
Minister to this letter, numbered 16.
At the mouths of the Venamo we all not once more
Perkins, Anderson, and I; and together we took
during nine days the observations for the chronometers
From here we descended by the Cuyuni to. the mouth of
the Acara‘oisi, during a: short halt 'of a. daf‘and
a half observations of the same hind were made;
izmnediately after which the return journey to Bartiea
by the Essequi‘oo river continued. At this spot we
left the boats and all that was no longer of use for
the erg-edition which we realised. with delight was
now, after a. thousand difficulties, at last
accompli shed.
From Bartica we went on by steamer on the first
opportunity to Georgetown; and on our arrival we
V'ere gratified by the honOur of being met on board by l
eous gentleman His Ex
when at that time Governor of this e , _
the. t cour t cellency Sir James
Alexander Swe t t
Colony.
It is my dut 5; to mention here another instance
of the same kind.
ranged for a. tiny
same g entleman ar voyages from Bartica to
he re;
t h r e e hands to man. which the Venamo was navigable
. t to
the highest yoin mu
~ 3 to
nvey Our correSpondenee, and
to bring and CG - . keep
53:3,- .1: ~ /
Annex 42
t
I was not “bl:
This, although at
ay seem a small matter
able service * inc st int , was an
etc isolation in these very remote.
. - The Venezuel
At Georgetown, after settling accounts with the
hands who had come as far as this, we set to work
on our observations of the_'sun with the object
already referred to, viz” the determination of
errors and rates of chronometers; After working'at
these for fifteen days in the gardens of Government
House, generously put at our disposal by His Excellene
0;! the Governor, we looked on them completed; so
that we were now ready to set to work on the map.
The long and tedious work in this town, up to
tU4.he day of writing, has consisted in (1) The
1 1 tion of more than two thousand observations ca cu a . .
an d t"n e correlation of their results, which was
‘ he
e-+‘f co t e d hf‘ the method of least squares, witn t
f outing the most satisfactory of them;- the view 0 ace _ .
draftin Of
11 . ary calculations these, for the E .013 min ,
- (ii) The drafting of that map
the general may. Rornima. on a scale of 1 in
to from Punta Playa , of the boundary line is
he].
200,000, in Whidl the W to use the system of .
this We “med ‘. contained; for ,n Clarke"? spheroidal data.
tion Wit sol-«conical PrOJeC data obtained by the English
a V a
1 tin
(iii) A COPV °f 9'1 ances
wt of special circumst
a acco
an 0..
. 4-
' :1 the COL-ner: Co:'~:n1581°-"-1 " til! fror ' C
a take the“. (11”
as for
H.227z‘--“‘ ’
U
cw
J
Annex 42
.‘
1-
o
._e
c ll ction data and a. sketch of the trianrrulations
made by Mr Anders°n‘ (v) Calculations to determine
t‘ .
whole of the Venamo river“
. (vii) A tracing of the
general map of the boundary line on
information and a s1
modification of the Venemo-Roraima. straight line,
and -a Minute giving the astronomical positions of the
different points on the boundary line as laid down by
the Arbitral Award of Paris.
For four months in this town I was assisted by
Mr Bowhill. And, as the way in which he did his work
here as well as in the bush was perfectly satisfactory,
this has been stated in a. testimonial which
I gave him accordingly.
In obedience to the esteemed orders of the.
Ministry conveyed to me in a letter numbered 794 and '
dated the 20th of June last, I began to deal with the
question of the "Modification of the Venazno-Roraizea
line"; and arrived at the satisfactory results
which I immediately comuniceted. But I afterwards,
v0
:9! 1‘uhou 1; making any official statement, desisted iron
tion in the ma tter in default of further any further ac
instructions. - — '
The G 0" em“. or‘ this colony, considering that
I of "The art est DIE
tile quash-0“
1 r Mary" is very closely connected with the English her
question
nJ~£273~“'/
I
\hx
:i‘
—-
'Wewk-x
. fir-3:; }
Annex 42
r PUBLIC RLCORD OFFICE I Rdmncc' ’
GHHT-_NOT TO BE
question of the boundary line, and as the wording of
I . my credentials stated that I was the chief represen-
I 1 tative of my government in dealing with that of
i 2% Colony in all that pertains to the boundary, discus-
1 I Bed with me the most convenient way of settling the '
, E matter, without prejudice to Venezuela. Without
giving an official character to any of my acts in ' n
i
,
E this connection, seeing th at I felt sure that my
'g intervention was likely to be useful to my country
E in view of the friendliness and the evidences of
1% personal sympathy that he had already shown me, I, as
i the only Venezuelan here, that knows the region in
3 question, and also becausehof' the fact that I am able
i to understand the language a bit, listened to what
he had to say, looked into his representations, and
reported with careful consideration and precise
detail to your Ministry.
This is an exact account of the work done
during the time that has elapsed since the appointment
of the new Boundary Commission, over which I
have had the honour of presiding; and I devoutly
lush that I could complete it by the detailed
plans on a large scale into which the general map,
for greater clearness, should be divided.
The honourable task is ended, and the delimita- 1
+ion between our Republic and the Colony of British
Guiana an accomplished fact.
I, satisfied with the p
congratulate Venezuela. in the person of I a
art which it has been my
lot to play,
1311 patriotic Administrator who rules her destinies , J i S
(I
nerous pride the long-standing and p
and who sees with ge r.
i it tine“ dispute that has caused his country so ! rr 3. u y
settled under his regime. A
much annoyance
"
Annex 42
puauc RECORD OFHcé
60- III/m.
wJ3E*HpRODUUDH}HOTQG?AUHCAHY WHHOUT HgmNMON v “u “I }
l
Herewith are sent particulars of the table con~
taining the positions of the different points, their
elevations ahove sea-level, their mean temperatures, .
etc., etc.
May the Minister be pleased to receive, with my
sincere feliditations, my sentiments of respect and
distinguished consideration;
= (Signed) Abraham Tirado.
Georgetown, Demerara. ' :me&
March 20th,1905. __
J
Annex 42

Annex 43 Letter from Alejandro Ybarra to P.C. Wyndham (19 June 1905)

C o YRG,H.L:._N°T TO BLBEPRQMED PHOTOGRAPH CALLY
*’
Translati on.
0
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE
60.
| 25aoe|
REC? _g
Rust 20 JUL 0;: J
c A R A C A s,
19th June 1905.
Sir:-
With reference to your courteous Note or the 6th
instant, in which you were so good as to inform this
Ministry of the fact that you had received instructions
from your Government to invite that of Venezue—
1a to co-operate with them in clearing and marking
in a more satisfactory manner theirontier line between
Lienezuela and British Guiana, more especially
in the neighbourhood 01’ "Jmnbi Creek", I have the
honour to state that the Venezuelan 'Government would
have no objection to co—operating with the Colony in
this case, provided that the demarcation which is to
be carried out on the frontier shall be of a permanent
character calculated to avoid any uncertainty
in the future or doubt as to the reel i’rontier between
either territory.
m
I avail
‘ (Signed) -. Alejandro Ybarra.
- H°n°urable P.C. Wyndham,
due
‘3 lane .
Annex 43

Annex 44 Letter from Mr. Bax-Ironside to General Ybarra (20 Feb. 1906) (Inclosure in Letter from Mr. Bax-Ironside to Sir Edward Grey (10 Mar. 1906))

Annex 44

Annex 45 Letter from Dr. Paúl to Mr. Bax-Ironside (10 Oct. 1906) (Inclosure in Letter from Mr. Bax-Ironside to Sir Edward Grey (11 Oct. 1906))

Annex 45

Annex 46 Extract from a Despatch in reference to the founding of a Dutch West India Company from Don Juan de Mancicidor to Secretary Prada (7 Jan. 1607)

Annex 46

Annex 47 Letter from Mr. O’Reilly to Sir Edward Grey (July 1907) (Inclosure in Letter from Foreign Office to Colonial Office (11 July 1907))

Annex 47

Annex 48 Letter from Señor Paúl to Mr. O’Reilly (4 Sept. 1907) (Inclosure in Letter fromMr. O’Reilly to Sir Edward Grey(5 Sept. 1907))

Annex 48
Annex 48
Annex 49 Letter from Sir Edward Grey to Mr. O’Reilly (18 Oct. 1907)

Annex 49

Annex 50 Letter from Sir V. Corbett to Dr. José de Paúl (25 Feb. 1908) (Inclosure in Letter from Sir V. Corbett to Sir Edward Grey (25 Feb. 1908))

Annex 50

Annex 51 Letter from J. de J. Paúl to Sir Vincent Corbett (12 Mar. 1908) (Inclosure in Letterfrom Sir VincentCorbett to Sir E. Grey(16 Mar. 1908))

".7W ‘ V . , 7 Wm» OFFICE WP
b." l/l
, . 0
1 (Wm—OT“) IE REPRQDucm.“PHQTQGIAPHI‘ChiL
V urw'"'"—v »
\ ' V “kc? __ x
l ' CARACAS, 3;.-_9_-.__5__APR 08 i
\* ‘ March 16th 1908. ;
i (1,1904% \
‘ aim- ‘
I have the honour to forward herewith copy and trams
lation of a note which I have received from Dr. Paul in
reply to my note of the 25th ultimo (copy' of which was '
forwarded to you in my deepetch No.19 ‘of the same date)
i informing me that the Venezuelan Government adhere to
the terms of their note of September 4th lest; which
ratifies the deci eion of the Commissioners for the delimitetion
of the Guyene. frontier oniy in so far as it is
in accord With the terms of'the Paris award.
I have &c. ,-
" (Signed) 'Vincent Corbett.
1
1'
' §
.‘ in
' ' 3' Grey, Bert.,
M, &c.
Annex 51
c—w
v“Age—i,
rUBLlC RECORD OFFICE
C0-
PHOTOGRAPHICALLY IT
pr. J: de J. Paul to Sir Vincent Corbett.
CARACAS,
March 12th 1908.
n
b ‘ \
I
Sirf- ‘3,
y of your
In acknowledging receipt to Your Excellenc
esteemed note u nder date of February 25th last relative
to the ratification accorded by the Federal Executive
5 of the Commissions for the delimitation
to the labour
of the frontier between Venezuela and British Guyana 3I
I
tirely restricted to that part Which is
and which is en
ith the Paris award of October 6th 1899,_;
in confornity W
g to the deviation of the line recom-
I
l
without extendin i
I have the honour to inform A
instructions to
!
rely to the note of this Ministry of' 4
refer myself anti
1907 No.954 and to confirm to your Lega-
September 4th
ion therein made on the subject by
tion the declarat
this Office-
'Iwml&m,
.\
(signed) J. de J. Paul.
66:""I-'
1‘-
A~V
Annex 51
Annex 52 Letter from General Juan Vicente Gomez, President of the U.S. of Venezuela (1 Feb. 1911)

Annex 52

Annex 53 Letter from the Venezuelan Minister for Foreign Affairs, P. Itriago Chacín, to W. O’Reilly (31 Oct. 1931)

Annex 53
Annex 53
Annex 53

Annex 54 Telegram from P. Itriago Chacín, to W. O’Reilly (23 Nov. 1931)

Annex 54

Annex 55 Letter from P. Itriago Chacín, No. 1157/2 (3 Nov. 1932)

Annex 55
Annex 55
Annex 55
Annex 55
Annex 56 Letter from the Venezuelan Foreign Minister, E. Gil Borges, to British Ambassador in Caracas, D. Gainer (15 Apr. 1941)

263” ' fr.
’
I ‘ O
I r h. ‘ -.
-- 3 ;‘
‘j -.‘ _.' ' .‘ 1‘ E. - R D‘ ‘L‘ ‘I-|CALLY .- _ 17—‘r—r'.“|“——‘_"’-I
v ~ -- i
vm‘:ezucl=_3-3“itisi" Z ’rariIL'r
f eras newsgrg
lee alleging
1;; 8,}?pr a1.
ani 1119er r'
ward ha: b :‘mowm Um
an'nt.) ‘
Annex 56

Annex 57 Proceedings of the West India Company (Zeeland Chamber) (1626-1628)

Annex 57
Annex 57
Annex 57
Annex 57

Document Long Title

Volume III - Annexes 1-57