Volume 3 (Annexes 21-113)

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE
CASE CONCERNING SOVEREIGNTY OVER
PEDRA BRANCA/PULAU BATU PUTEH,
MIDDLE ROCKS AND SOUTH LEDGE
M.ALA YSIA/SINGAPORE
MEMORIAL OF MALAYSIA
VOLUME3
25 MARCH 2004
--------------------------------------~ .. ---
Annex
Number
(MM)
A.
LIST OF ANNEXES
VOLUME3
Historical and Legal Documents
Correspondence, Reports, etc.
Title of Document
21. General Missive from the Governor-General and Council of the Dutch
East India Company in Batavia to the Seventeen Directors of the Dutch
East India Company in Amsterdam, 26 December 1662, VOC 1238
(translation by Professor L.Y. Andaya)
22. Missive from Governor Thijssen of Melaka to Governor-General and
Council of the Dutch East India Company in Batavia, 1 April 1655, VOC
1209 (translation by Professor L.Y. Andaya)
23. John Crawford's Diary, extract of 7 December 1818
24. Letter from Resident Crawford to G. Swindon, Secretary to the
Government, 1 October 1824, (1853) 7 Journal of the Indian Archipelago,
pp. 356-357
25. Letter from the Resident of Rhio to the Resident Councillor, Singapore, 18
August 1827 (extract), reprinted in A.C. Baker, "Some Account of the
Anglo Dutch Relations in the East at the Beginning of the 19th Century
Based on the Records Preserved in the Colonial Secretary's Office in
Singapore, and, in the Resident's Office Malacca", (1913) 64 Jour. Straits
Branch R.A. Soc. 1, pp. 40-42
26. Letter from the Resident Councillor, Singapore to the Secretary to
Government, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 8
September 1827, reprinted in A.C. Baker, "Some Account of the Anglo
Dutch Relations in the East at the Beginning of the 19th Century Based on
the Records Preserved in the Colonial Secretary's Office in Singapore,
and, in the Resident's Office Malacca", (1913) 64 Jour. Straits Branch
R.A. Soc. I, pp. 45-46
27. Report by Edward Presgrave, Registrar Imports and Exports to K.
Murchison, Resident Councillor, 5 December 1828
28. Letter from the Government Secretary to the Resident Councillor, Fort
Cornwallis, 22 December 1829
29. "Missing Vessels - Navigation to China", Singapore Free Press, 13
October 1836 (extract)
30. The Canton Press, Canton, 26 November 1836
3 1. The Canton Press, Canton, 10 December 18 3 6
32. The Canton Register, 10 January 1837
33. Singapore Free Press, 9 February 1837
34. "The Horsburgh Memorial", Singapore Free Press, 5 April 1838
35. Letter from Jardine Matheson & Co., Treasurer to the China Fund for a
testimonial to the memory of the late James Horsburgh Esqre, care of
Messrs. John Purvis & Co, Singapore, to Governor S.G Bonham Esqre,
Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 1 March
1842
36. Letter from Governor S.G. Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca to Jardine Matheson & Co., Treasurer to the China
Fund for a testimonial to the memory of the late James Horsburgh, 4 April
1842
37. Letter from J.T. Thomson, Government Surveyor to Governor S.G.
Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 1
May 1842
38. Letter from Governor S.G. Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca to G.A. Bushby, Secretary to Government, Fort
William, 23 July 1842
39. Letter from G.A. Bushby, Secretary to the Government of Bengal to
Governor S.G. Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales Island Singapore
and Malacca, 31 August 1842
40. Singapore Free Press, 25 May 1843
41. Letter from Edward Belcher, Captain of HMS Samarang to W.J.
Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca,
L October 1 844
42. Letter from John Purvis& Co. to Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of
Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 31 October 1844
43. Report of J.T. Thomson, Government Surveyor to Governor W.J
Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca,
20 November 1844
44. Letter from Sultan Allie, Sultan of Johore to Governor W.J. Butterworth,
Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 25
November 1844, translated by T. Church, Resident Councillor
11
45. Letter from Dattoo Tamungong of Johore to Governor W.J. Butterworth,
Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 25
November 1844, translated by T. Church, Resident Councillor
46. Letter from Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca to F. Curie, Secretary to the Government
of India, 28 November 1844
47. Letter from Governor W.J Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca to Under-Secretary C. Beadon, 22 August
1845
48. "Erection of a Light-House on Romania Island", Bombay Times and
Journal of Commerce, 10 January 1846
49. "Lighthouse at Singapore", The Times, Thursday, 22 January 1846
50. Letter from N.B. Hamilton, Secretary to the Admiralty to the Secretary to
the East India Company, l 8 Apri 1 1846 ( enclosure No. 2 to letter from
Court of Directors to Governor General of India in Council, 6 May 1846)
SL Letter from Governor WJ. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca to G.A Bushby, the Secretary of the
Government of India, 26 August 1846
52. "Presentation of a Sword to I-I.I-I. the Tomongong Sree Maharajah of
Johore", Straits Times, 5 September 1846
53. Internal Minute of Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 30 September 1846
54. Letter from Government of India, 3 October 1846 & attachments: British
Library, India, Marine Department Collection, F/4/2166
55. Internal Minute of Governor W.J Butterworth, Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, Minute No. 14, 3 October 1846
56. Letter from Governor W.J Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca to the Worshipful Master of the Lodge
"Zetland in the East", 23 April 1850
57. "The Horsburgh Light-House", Straits Times, 28 May 1850
58. Letter from J.T. Thomson, Government Surveyor to T. Church, Resident
Councillor, Singapore, 2 November 1850
59. Letter from T. Church, Resident Councillor of Singapore to Governor
W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca, 7 November 1850
60. J.T. Thomson, "Account of the Horsburgh Lighthouse", (I 852) 6 Journal
of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Series 1, 430 ( extract)
Ill
61. "Rules for Light-keepers", in J.T. Thomson, "Account of the Horsburgh
Lighthouse", (1852) 6 Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern
Asia, Series 1, Appendix V
62. Sultan of Selangor-Governor of the Straits Settlements, correspondence
concerning Cape Rachado lighthouse, October-November 1860
63. Letter from the Sultan of Johore to the Earl Granville, Principal Secretary
of State to the Colonies, 20 March 1886
64. Letter of Governor, Straits Settlements to Colonial Secretary, 21 May
1901, with file attachments
65. Federated Malay States, Proceedings of the Federal Council, 8 July 1913,
pp. Al-A2, B8
66. Colony of the Straits Settlements, Blue Book for the Year l 914, Singapore,
Government Printing Office, 1915, pp. v2, V3, c24, c52, C57, GlO, Gl5,
G22, G35, G38, Kl, K28, K102
67. Letter from J.D Higham for the Colonial Secretary, Singapore, to the
British Adviser, Johor, and appendices, 12 June 1953
68. Letter and attachments from A.G.B. Colton, for the Colonial Secretary,
Singapore, to the Deputy Commissioner General for Colonial Affairs,
Singapore, July! 953
69. Letter from the Acting State Secretary, Johor to the Colonial Secretary,
Singapore, 21 September 1953
70. Internal Memorandum from the Colonial Secretary, Singapore to the
Attorney-General, Singapore, and reply, 1 [2 sic] October 1953
11: Annual Report of the Rural Board Singapore 1953, Singapore,
Government Printing Office, Chapter One, p. 1
72. Annual Report of the Rural Board Singapore 1956, Singapore,
Government Printing Office, Chapter One, p. 1
73. Letter from the Director of Marine, Malaya, to the Director of Marine,
Singapore, 1 May 1964, and rep1y, 13 May 1964."
74. · J.A.L. Pavitt, First Pharos of the Eastern Seas: Horsburgh Lighthouse,
Singapore Light Dues Board, Singapore, 1966, p. 51
7 5. Straits Times, 1 7 April 1968
76. Letter of Promulgation from Commodore K. Thanabalasingham to Naval
Staff Division; Ministry of Defence, Kuala Lumpur, 16 July 1968 ·
IV
77. H.W. Dalton, "Petroleum Developments in Far East in 1968", (1969) 53
Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 1789, at pp.
1792, 1793, 1798
78. Press Statement by the Indonesian and Malaysian Delegations to the Talks
on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelves Between Malaysia and the
Republic oflndonesia, Kuala Lumpur, 22 September 1969
79. Singapore Facts and Pictures, 1972, Singapore, Ministry of Culture,
1972, pp. 1-3, 148-150
80. Note, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore to Office of the High
Commissioner for Malaysia, 14 February 1980
81. Note, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore to Malaysian High
Commission, 28 February 1989
82. List of Diplomatic Notes from Singapore on Pulau Batu Puteh, February
1980 - January 2004
83. Singapore Facts and Pictures, 1992, Singapore, Ministry of Information
and the Arts, 1992, pp. 1, 178
B. Laws, Regulations, etc.
84. Act No. VI, 1852 (India), An Act for defraying the Cost of a Light-House
on Pedra Branca
8 5. Act No. XIII, 18 54 (India), An Act to repeal Act No. VI of 185 2, and to
make provision for defraying the cost of the Light-House on Pedra
Branca ...
86. Award made by Governor Sir H. St George Ord, under the provisions of
the Treaty between Pahang and Johore, of 17th June, 1862, 1 September
1868
87. Report of the Johore Boundaries Commission, 18 February 1898
88. Constitution of Johore, 14 April 1895, in J. de V. Allen, A.J. Stockwell
and L.R. Wright (eds.), A Collection of Treaties and Other Documents
Affecting the States of Malaysia, 1761-/963, New York: Oceana, 1981,
vol. I, pp. 77, 78, 84, 85, 101 (Johore Document of 14 September 1895)
89. Indenture between Ibrahim, Sultan of Johore, and Sir James Alexander
Swettenham, Officer Administering the Government of the Colony of the
Straits Settlements, 6 October 1900
90. The Light-Houses Ordinance No. XVII of 1912 (Singapore)
V
91. The Malayan Union Order in Council, No. 463 of 1946, preamble, s. 3
92. The Singapore Colony Order in Council, 1946 (UK), preamble, ss. 2, 3
93. Transfer of Powers and Interpretation Ordinance, I 946 (Malayan Union)
94. Transfer of Powers and Interpretation Amendment Ordinance No. 11,
1948 (Federation of Ma1aya)
95. The Curfew (Johore Straits) (Singapore) Order, 1948
96. Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948 (extracts)
97. Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, No. 4 of 1951 (Singapore),
ss. 1-2
98. Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance No. 18 of
1952 (Singapore)
99. Malayan Federation Light Dues Ordinance No.24 of 1953
100. Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1957 (extracts)
101. Light Dues Ordinance No. 6 of 1957 (Singapore)
102. Light Dues (Amendment) Ordinance No. 20 of 1958 (Singapore)
103. State of Singapore Act, 1958 (UK)
l 04. Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance No .2 of 1960
105. Federation Light Dues (Amendment) Act No. 21 of 1961 (Federation of
Malaya)
106. Malaysia Act No. 26 of 1963 (Federation of Malaya) (extracts)
107. Malaysia Act 1963 (UK), ss. 1-3
108. Proclamation of Singapore, 1965
109. Interpretation Act, No. 10 of 1965 (Singapore) (extract)
110. Petroleum Agreement Under Section 9 of the Petroleum Mining Act, 1966
in Respect of Off-shore Lands between the Government of Malaysia and
Continental Oil Company of Malaysia Concerning 24,000 (Approximate)
Square Miles of the Continental Shelf Adjacent to the East Coast of West
Malaysia, 16 April 1 96 8 (extracts)
111. Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance No. 7 of 1969 (Malaysia)
112. Light Dues Act No.12 of 1969 (Singapore) (extracts)
113. Fisheries Act, Act 317 of 1985 (Malaysia) (extracts)
VI
ANNEX MM 21
General Missive from the Governor-General and Council of the
Dutch East India Company in Batavia to the Seventeen Directors
of the Dutch East India Company in Amsterdam, 26 December
1662, VOC 1238 (translation by Professor L.Y. Andaya)
VOC 1238, General Missive from t.he Governor-General and Council of the Dutch
East India Company in Batavia to the Seventeen Directors of the Dutch East India
Company in Amsterdam~ 26 December 1662.
Folios 121 - 123
Malacca
Onder de materiel van Malacca hebben wij in de bij onse jonsten geadvjseen dat daer van
de hoek van barbaquiet was opgebracht een Chinese joncq komende van Heijtingh [?],
een plaats synde van het gebiedt van den mandorijn Coxin{ga] naerderhandt sijn hier van
Malacca noch aangecomen, de schuijt het hert 23 Juni ende het frigat de ganges 9 July
daer aenvoegende met brieven van l 0 en 11 Meij onder and ere meldende dat de kruissers
aende gem. hoek van barbaquiet daer nae noch hadden opgebracht een jonck
huijshorende tot Canton, met gelijken bescheijt ofte voorschrijven van twee nederlanders
tot Canton zijndc als de gene had mede gebracht die hier tot Batavia was aengecomen,
waer uijt als uijt andere omstandigheden wij geoordeelt hebben dat sij inderdaet geen
andere intentie en hebben gehadt dan bier en tot Malacca te comen handeJen ende dat sij
geen ander daen en van Coxin(ga] en sijn geweest, de verschijninge van deselve jonken
bier tot Malacca al cenige nering gegeven maer en is niet wel gecomen dat wij daer doen
juijst geen oft.e seer weijnigh peper en hebben bij de magasijnen gehadt naedien sij daer
seer gretig nae sijn geweest. De vorst van Johor heeft door een gesant aen den gouvemeur
tot M.alacca gesonden seer groot misnoegen laeten blycken over bet aenhaelen van de
voorsch. twee joncken met dander te gehruijcken onfatsoenelijksche termen van
dreijgementen ingevalle sulks in aenstaende meer quaeme te geschieden, maer als sijn H.
denselve gesant heeft doen verstaen ende blijck.en dat de gem. Chinese uijt haer eigen
vrije wille nae Malacca waren gecomen. Soo heeft hij daer in genomen satisfactie ende
bekent sijn meester quaJijck geinfonneereert te sijn geweest. Soo dat te verhopen sij dat
de gemelde vorst daer niet meer van sal reppen hoewel al wat hoogmodigh en arrogant
sijnde geworden gelijck aende voorsc. besendinge is gebleecken.'
Translation
Malacca
The Malacca material in our most recent letter has advised that a Chinese junk was seized
around the Hook of Barbu kit. It was coming from Heijtingh [?], a place under the
authority ofCoxinga. The vessel 'The Hart' and the fugate 'The Ganges' also arrived
from Malacca on the 911:r. July bringing letters dated I 0th and l l th May which reported
amongst other matters that the [VOC] cruisers around the Hook ofBarbukit had seized a
Canton junk. Similar information or documents also came from two Dutchmen at Canton.,
which the abovementioned brought here to Batavia. As a result of these and other
cira.imstances we considered that they had no other intention than to come and trade here
and at Malacca, and that they were not subjects of Coxinga. The appearance of these
junks at Melaka has already brought a little trade but it is unfortunate that we had none or
very little pepper in the warehouses, since this is much desired by them. The king of
Johor has sent an envoy to the governor of Malacca to indicate his great displeasure
regarding the seizure of the above-mentioned two junks, not without using offensive and
threatening terms in the event that the same thing .occurs in the future, but we gave the
envoy to understand and pointed out that the above-mentioned Chinese had come to
Malacca of their own free will, and he was satisfied, saying his master had been badly
informed. We therefore hope that the above-mentioned king not mention it any more,
although he is high-handed and arrogant, as seen in the case of the embassy we described.
ANNEX MM 22
Missive from Governor Thijssen of Melaka to Governor-General
and Council of the Dutch East India Company in Batavia, 1 April
1655, VOC 1209 (translation by Professor L.Y. Andaya)
VOC 1209, Missive from Gov. Thijssen of Melak.JI to Governor-General and Council
of the Dutch East India Company in Batavia, 1 April 1655.
Folios 221 verso - 222 recto:
" ... hij to! Johoor (alswaer volgens 't bericht vanden vrijcoopman Nico lacs Vermaer. hier
op ultimo des verleden maents met zyn wanckan over die plaets uyt Tayouan
aengecomen mede een rijk geladen jonck uyt Aimuy ende twee dittos in Quimoy (?)
thuys behoorende souden aengecomen wesen) was ingesnapt, dat ter oorsaeck wy op
desselfs comst tgeringste niet verdacht zyn geweest lichtelyck had geschieden cunnen.
invoegen ons uyt deser chinesen wedercomst. Evident blyct, uEd. gevoelen in haer
missive van dato 8 april anno passado die luyden betreffende uyt gedruyckt niet
ongefondeert zy geweest, die daer toe schynen aen te leggen hun nescessiteyt van peper
en andere in dese geweste te comen soeken ende alsoo door dat middel de vaert op
tayouan te verexcuseren, welcker schadelyke inbreuck onses gevoelens door
dreygementen noch tbloote uytseggen deser luyden niet sal te remedieren wesen, maer
sullen daer op in aenstaende ten minsten twee jachten besuyden Sinckapoures engte
onder den hoeck van barbequet als ontrent pedra branko (ten eynde Johoor niet comen
binnen te loopen) moet cruyschen die alsoo in goede verseekeringh naer herwaerts ofte
wel Batavia tot uEd op to brengen, dat we nochtans ter oorsaeck den (220r) Johoorschen
vorst (gelyck voordesen nochmaels verthoont hebben) sich dit grootelycks aentrecken
zoude buyten expres bevel niet ondernemen derven. in •t werck te stellen des versoeken
-gants gedienstigh ons hier.op Ued order en bevel hoe verre daerinne sullen gaen mogen
toecomen mach volgens de verclaringh van den hiec aengelanden chineesen annachoda
souden op desserts affscheyt van ginder buyten die naer Batavia waren verseylt noch
andere 6 jonken te weten 3 naer Siam, een naer ligoor, een naer Sangoor, ende een naer
patany zyn vertrocken, maer uyt genoochsaem consteert dese luyden hun negotie in alle
gewesten rneer en rneer soecken uyt te breyden dat voor ons principalen in den thin
handel van ligoor. ..
Summary and relevant passages translated into English
(A private trader, Nicholaes Vermaer, reported that he came from Taiwan with his
wa11gka11g [a Chinese-built vessel usually about 16.5 - 19.5 meters long] to Johor, where
he found a richly-laden junk from Amoy and two more from Quemoy. They come to this
region to get pepper and other things. Governor I. Thyssen thus recommended the
following [the relevant lines are underlined in the transcription above]:)
· ... in the future at least two yachts must cruise to the south of Singapore Straits under the
Hook of Barbukit and in the vicinity of Pedra Branca (in order that they [the Chinese
junks] do not enter (the Johor River]) and therefore make certain that they are brought
here (Melaka] or to Batavia. As we have·seen often, unless the Johor ruler is greatly
attracted to this idea, withou( his command we dare not put this into effect. We therefore
faithfully await your order and command as to how far we should pursue this ... '
ANNEX MM 23
John Crawfurd's Diary, extract of 7 December 1818
l.6lf3
~
s.
'1th w!J6re rres!l water 1B to be prooured. TM best mito~
plaou ta on tbs s. sida noor o. point t'orm1ng the &aster:i
extrmm . The :.,oints or theoe 1:>ayn an, rocJcy afford-ins
pJJ,nty or £JW;ll1. oysters; ott Water Point s.ro the uato-r
isl-.,ts 5 or 6 1n 11Umba-r ooar eo.cb oth&r ~rud m. th
trees 1."NqOOntad by p~ am doves. Romam!). 1s thn
Xa.atsrtt inrt ~ B1noapc.r.a St%a1tlii, tho entrence is d.1""1dad
into two ohannttl.S by a duster Of~, the J.arse8t ta
20 ~t al>ow tho lo-v&l or flbe Ma na:EaetJ.- t,,- too Po~
~ I"8dro Branca cmered 'ld.th the ~ ~ ~ @l]..lS =Brauoa
stB.
am. trop1eel. birds giving it a. vtlita m:dnfug 001our.
Pt .Binting and :Pt .Bat'tru!2 and en tnm:rr3E),:nble ~r ~
isl.ends ott t.h8 K!lst. ooast o-r tiumatra l'(mll the u~~•
The larS!I i.Glands em mod.al"Q te ly hJ.sb.. on Bi.nta.ns em two
k.B1m.tng a.
Pt.Bnttaa ~ hUl.8 rising abruptly rro& thou- baao to sa:»
height &Di ere e,JQd lam~rica to eeamn 1n ~ting
. tbooo W1rroe ~annel.9-. Tho liihol.ft .or the 11al.aY" ooe.st~
tlult or L?™tra and the 1.sl.ands Gdjnoent are eell clotW
with ttoo tb::tb&r. Tho bread.th ~ th& ent-~ ~ tm
Straits ts 9 :mllas bttt ~•..1 by' tmall 1stats t~a
that o-r Ua.lacoa. Hoon. Off' tha -v::ater 181.anda ®OUt 3
mi.lee 1n a naw ohElnM1 '" diBCO'Vel.'C<i on oar suney ~
this coast last ooa..son.
T'u.Ge, 8th The ewntns and n.1.gbt bad l.1gtit "'1nd.G violent rain a.t
tnte-rwl.a, by" ll p.ni. t;Ot to en e.nchol"Cl@ to tbs ;to~.
o£ Pedra B1'nnoa Ott it about 10 tdles. At~
we1.gbed and Jmpt t'ltt1Un« U) tbG lid. 8(YllnBti a. atroag
lJll..6
~
8th bree:to a't noon again anooor--.ald ott the Gntronoe ot a.
passng,a 14oding to too ~ ~lAy t..red~ tQun J'Obm'e.
~out too woetlte.l" ~roaat ..
otb 8e.'W.rel. Of' th.D ~· t1ollins bQeta c:iaa al.ongt,!de, t'l"Om
6.
om bought ror a dol.l.ar a ~ G]'."OCn turtl.e, R. ~
4 ot' ~ ~ size, ~~ ~ t.,:o t'or ~ Ot'eff ea.oh
~ l.10 Ds. 'l'he ~~ how ~ ro1fst,oua ~
t.o tho ~ o,r ~ a:nb!Al nor wtU tboJ' ~ 1muce4 to
~ ~ tt nett when 1n a. d:y1ng state fr'Qlll tba Boorwy
~-end sut'1',rlns under tM t;rea:tca't Yl"1V6.t.S:.ons on bQC.t\t stdp.
U4 ai,n crliD f;nbablteuts that ~ on tllo. ClOa$t an:'l islands are
~ that t'a1th. ,midi aocO'lm'ta tor thcb' pert~ fi'!th tba
thes8 an1!$lS e.s wall as SOi.le ~ thf.J lor~ f1.sh iB ld.th
tho epeor - the7 otten appear to b6 l.ingl,ring and pt.n1ng
sway in that state tor ~ ttm the !lal.6y \!:aitins ttw
sbl}lS ~. to 41spoeo or tbanl, ~r nak1ng tmir
~ they be« hard ~ a bottle or ,\rl:O.Ok aJli\ a to-d'
bleeuits tbBy 4r1nk t.M· aplrits 1n its_nrdant state are
soon o~l'Od with 1.ntarleut1on end otten 813180 the
~ With a wrttrty ~ Gtttlo ~1.s; t.ootr boa.ta
are anall, ahai'p et boUl oodB - broM and sh.lJ.UOW m.tch
one: 0011, t'M1d.O<li more thEm three i:;;en 1n ~ob and pull
~bly h.1$t,. tn ooa1ng a.1.on«ai® thOy ~ with
OOgtlJ.dttrnbl.a d.ex:t'Orlty f16 too ~ ott, ehl.pa ~
thrOOgh these narrow guts a.re e.nrtom t,o ~ all th,
d~ 8'VSil ~lvec ot the aQ.Uall..e and oo~ 1f1ll
ANNEX MM 24
Letter from Resident Crawfurd to G. Swindon, Secretary to the
Government, 1 Octob~ 1824, (1853) 7 Journal of the Indian
Archipelago, pp. 356-357
-.--- aua ..... •uuau u1a..cauue&U.1Ltlll ,::a .t'CfpUSl&JC.a'
tidak lcwat dari tarikh terakhir yang dibaw~ JOURNAL
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~-1 1------· ' .~ ----1---··-··· ·--·--1
I I
EASTERN A.SIA,
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l-----,-----'- I -1 ------- - -
: Member of tbc AalaUc l!odctT, ~ )le111ber of \be Ethno~CM
. - . ·-: · Sucicty of J.on4oa, aod oftbe )ktaTl.ul jocletJ of !rtn-4 l!dclnea-_
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VOL. VII,
SINGAPORE:
1863,
KR.A US REPRINT
A Dlvislon of
KRAUS-1HOMSON ORGANIZATION LIMITED
N cndcln/Uechtenstcln
1970
NOTICES OF lllNOAPOJlB.
To G. Swinton, Esqr.,
Secretary to the Government, Port William.
let October, 1824.
Sir,-An authentic copy of the Treaty concluded in London in
the month of March last with the government of the Netherlands,
l1uing been re~i,cd at thie place, through the medium of the
Dutch Oflicinl new1paper, I beg resp~tfully to lay before the
Right Hon'ble the Gonmo~general in Council such obserntions
u are 1uggesttd by ft, princip11lly in ill bearing■ on the local
arnn~menta recently 1111de with the oat,ive chiefs at this place.
By tbe 10th article of the treaty with the N etberland Gonrnment
which touchet tbe town anJ Fort of Malacca, "Hi■ Netherland Maje1ty
enga~ for bim'aelfand his subject■ nenr to form any eetablilbmenc
in aoy part of th~ Peninsula of .Malacca or to conclude any
treaty with any in native Prince, chief, or state therein." On the
anthority ,of this article-the de~ignations of Sultan and Toomoongong
of Johore given in the local arrangement to the native
chier, appeare to be un'1.uestionable and appropriate.
("' . By the 12th a11icle ot that treaty, Hia Britannic Majesty engages
that no Briliah establishment shall be made on the Carimou isles,
or-the ialancls of Battan, Bintang, Lingin, or on any of the other
i1land11outh of_the Straits of Singapore, nor any treaty concluded,
by Briti■h autliorit7, with the chitfa of those island■• The ceuion
made to us by the natiYe Princes of the main islnnJ of Singiipore
and tho i1leta adjacent to it, to the extent of ten geographical miles
from its coast, i, in no respect impngned by the condition in question,
aa by the most liberal interpremtion, the whole cession is
~tl1 ~orth of the aouthem limit■ of t~e atraita ~f Singapore. ~
·I beg rtSpectfully to state for the mformatton of the Right
Hon'ble the Gonrnor~General in Council, a few doubts whic;h it
is probable may arise in the interpretation of th,e 10th and 12tb
articles of tl1e treaty with the Netherland Government. By the former
the town and Fort of .Mula~ca a nil it:i dependencies nre ceded
to the Britiah Gonrnmtnl. At the period of the conclusion of the
treaty, the Settlement of Hhio, siruare1I upon the ialand of liintang,
wu strictly and in all respect a dependancy of Malacca as in everl
period of ita . connexion with tho Dutch Gournment. By this
article, thtreforc, it would become a British possession, but this
ia •~in preclud~d. by the 12th artic)e, w~ich provides 4:xpressly
against any Br1t11h Settlement ,bemg formed on the JSland of
Dintang or ~ny treaty concluded by the Britiah authority with ils
chief. Under these circumstan~s tho only question is whether
the Beulement of Rhio is to be reLained or relinquished by the
Dutch authoritic,.
It doea not upon the whole appear to me that the occupation
of Rhio could be beneficial lo the British Government, yet ita
rett'ntion on the par1 of ti.le Ne1herla11d Government, and our
·exclusion frum enteriJ1g into llolitical rchltious with tho chiefs
NOTICU OP IUCOAPOR'I. 867
of all the i1land1 11ing 10uth to the Straits of Sinppc>l!I .and
between the Penin,ula and Sumatra, may- proTo a matter of IOme
inconYenience to us, u it in fact ~iitaally amoanta to a dilmemberm<.-
nl of the principality of J ohore, and mmt thm be proclacdTe
of eome embarnmment and ~nf111ion;, Thia may be eaall1
illustrated by an example. 'l'be Cana:,on. ialanda and the Kala~
8ettlement of Bulang are two of the principal ~iona of &b.e.
Tumungoog of· Johore or Singapore,- and hil claim to them_ ia
not only allowed by the· rinl ohief1, but mom tatlaf'cctorl17
ascertained by the Toluntary and cbttrflll aUiauoe 7lelded tq
him by the inhabitants. B,- the preNnt .treaty, h01"0Ter, .. b.e m111t
either fore~o all claim■ to thete .pQ11e11ion,, or remoTing to thea;1,
renounce h11 connexion with the British G9nmment. ·
(Signed)
I haTe &c.
J. C.uw,vJU>,
R•id~t.
ANNEX MM 25
Letter from the Resident of Rhio to the Resident Councillor,
Singapore, 18 August 1827 (extract), reprinted in A.C. Baker,
"Some Account of the Anglo Dutch Relations in the East at the
Beginning of the 19th Century Based on the Records Preserved in
the Colonial Secretary's Office in Singapore, and, in the
Resident's Office Malacca", (1913) 64 Jour. Straits Branch R.A.
Soc. 1, pp. 40-42
[No. 64]
JOURNAL
or tbe
Straits Branch
or the
Royal Asiatic Society
J i.tne, 191-3.
S~ Account of the Anglo Dutch Relations in
the E.a,st at the Beginning.of the 19th.
Century Based on the Records preserved
in the Colonial Secretary's Office in
Singapore, and, in the Resident's
Office, Malacca.
By A.C. Baker
Reprinted with the pcrmissiori of the
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, MALA YAi\i BRANCH
KRAUS REPRINT 1.ro.
V.:iduz
1965
4.0 ANGLO DUTCH R.ELATIONB IN THE ·EAST
RF:Ari the foll~wing correspondence between· the Resident of
Ilhip and the Resident Councillor of Singapore relative to the
Carimons.
(110
) Extract. from Major Elout's letter, 18th August, 1821.
"But not to make this letter too long, I shall wait for that
explanation, till .I have the pleasure of meeting you. Another
n,aterial point remains, and this requires much speed. I shall
very likely be obligecl to write in office about the Carimona and
this ·most proQ~bly'·-ver.v soon. But I am glad our ·private correspondence_
affords me the opportunity of giving you, in the most
sincere and frankaway, my whole mind on the subjed and you
will allow me much more freedom, and so E;hould I, in a private
Jetter, than either of us could take in ap official correspondence.
I consider the line of demarcation between English and Dutch influence
over these parts of the world, pretty well· established by the
late Treaty-. the Carimona are nominally on our side--the English
influence being prohibited there as the Dutch is on any part of the
continent' or Malay Peninsula.
Suppose, I against that Treaty, suffered a Native Chief under
my Control to exercise influence over Pahang, which the Raja
Moodah here would be very happy to do,-Suppose he established
part of his own people with a Dutchman amongst them on the
place-Suppose, you, after informing me and requiring th_e
immediate ,vithdrawing, but such in vain, ordered a detachment
30. c: s: .0. R. Vol. 945 P 25
Jour. Stnib Bra'ncb
ANGLO DUTCH RELATIONS IN THE E"ASl\ 41
or. any Nnval Force to shew my Sultan's people the wa.y. bnck to
Rhio, could I, in any way, take nn:iiss your doing so, I believe,
indeed I could not, nor should- as to forming an establishment
yourself at Pahang an9- hoisting colours, that· I know you would
not, without previous orders from Europe, nor will you think mo
so ready of hoisting our Colours on the Carimons, as you will expect.
that I shall maintain the Sultan of Lingin's .rights on them.
And I must be very much on my guard a.gainst the Snltnn of
Johore, because he already took so much. Thus, he now P..it.er hi!l
being made Sultan, considers himself to be so on the r.ame foot.ing
as his father was? then he is Sultan of Riouw and all Isl.nnds as fn r
as Southward as Banca-of a great many points of the East
Coast of Sumatra.
But in my humble opinion, I believe, whateV"er he thinks, you
and me, Sir, ought to follow the letter and the meaning of the
'rreaty, by which although not in so many words still "tl).e ·Empire of
Johore, i.e. the 9ld Empire over which the Sultan's father ruled,
is divided". We have two .Sultans now instead of· one,-Each
of them reigning over a separate part-the one Sultan Hussein;
residing at Singapore to be considered as Sultan 9f Johore and
its continental dependencies, he being himself under·the influence·
and control of the Engljsh Authorities in these parts ·of the World,
the other Sultan Abdul' Rahman residing at Ling-in reigning· over
the Islands all aro\ind, he himself under the inflllence of · the
Dutch· Authorities. ·
it is very true that th1,!--Tamongong of- Johore under the old
State of things had !he ,.nia.nagement of the Chrimons, I· know.
tha.t very well, and when Major Farquhar saw him, it was he that
ma.de tha.t Gentleman go to Lingin and Rhi·o, to ask for the
Carimone, if I am not m·1staken, but I must forbear to reflect on
those acts-for ·that question is now decided at home, e,nd I ha.Ye
nothing to do but to submit to the Treaty. But if I must do so, I
hope, Sir, you will the more willingly and generously do so, as
that decision was, by far more advantageous to your Government
and its agents at that time concerned with the dispute, than
to any Government and myself-And I now undertake not only
for myself to regulate me and all· my actions after the Treaty,
but to prevent any body under my influence from acting in a
different way, I hope you will be disposed to do the same, and I
am confident that your influence over Sultan Hoosein will -make
him withdraw from the Carimona, and prevent misunderstandings,
and perhaps Acts of violence, from which I could not so easily
detain the Chiefs under my Control, as their ca.use is a just one,
and they have already been the sufferers a good deal from what
happened before.
Allow me, in concluding this letter, to. make once more an
Rpology for my want of sufficient knowledge of your language,
and to disclaim any word or expression that in the course of the
L A. ~. ?fa. 6.4, 19n,
ANGLO DUTCH RELATIONS IN THE EAST.
letter, "that could be thought improper, for my intention 1s to be
so polite and decent as frank and sincere.
A true Ex~ract.
(Signed) J. P.
ANNEX MM 26
Letter from the Resident Councillor, Singapore to the Secretary
to Government, Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 8
September 1827, reprinted in A.C. Baker, "Some Account of the
Anglo Dutch Relations in the East at the Beginning of the 19th
Century Based on the Records Preserved in the Colonial
Secretary's Office in Singapore, and, in the Resident's Office
Malacca", (1913) 64 Jour. Straits Branch R.A. Soc. 1, pp. 45-46
[No. 64]
JOURNAL
or the
Straits Branch
or the
Royal Asiatic ·S~ciety
June, 1913.
Scrre Account of the Anglo Dutch Relations in
the Ea,st at the Beginning of the 19th.
Century Based on the Records preserved
in the Colonial Secretary's Office in
Singapore, and, in the Resident's
Office, Malacca.
By A.C. Baker
Reprinted with the permissiori of the
ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY, MALA YAi\; BRANCH
KRAUS REPRINT rro.
VJduz
1965
~OLO:DV'J'CH R~LATIONS IN THE EAST 45
To John Anderson, Esqr., ( 34
)
Secretari to Government, Prince of Wales IslRnrl.
Singapore and Malacca.
Sir,
I have the honor to ·acknowle<lge the receipt of your l~tter No.
14:53, underdate the 30th ultimo, transmitting enclosed a ¥emo~
of the substance of a Communicatio~ eventually to be made to th~
Resident at Rhio, and copy of the Houonrable the- Governors
Minute of the 25th April 1825.· ·
I beg to state in extenuation of the lack of precision of information
·noticed, that I considered the Hon'able the Governor in Council . .
34. C. S. 0. R. . . Vol. 9.45 P, llQ
R. A, ~c., ~o., 6.4;_ 1913.
46 ANGLO DUTCH RELATIONS rn THE EAST.
rnigtit be much better.informed than myself, of all the Native Chiefs
in -l'he Straits, and that it consequently was necessary to advent to
them, and likewise with ·regard to the intentions of the Dutch ·to
· take. possession of the_ Carimons, I. was perfectly unacquainted till
the receipt of the private c·ommunication from the Resident of Rhio,
as already submitted to Government and since which period the
15th ultimo, I have had no further correspondence with the Resident
of that place. .
3. I shall take the liberty of extending this letter to particular
replies to the several Paras.: of the letter now unn.er acknowledgement,
and with. respect to· the claims of Sultan Hussein
:M:ai'iomed Shah to the several Islands &c. noticed in the 2nd Para:
o·f the Honorable Board's letter,! am not aware· that such may be
the extent of them, howeve,, I haYe reason to think, had Sultan
Hussein Mahomed permitted the son and heir of the late Ta111oongong
to succeed to the benefit and dignity of· the Carimons, this
question would not have been agitated, for it' is evident that this
young man has·sought the assistance and Sultan_ of Lingiii to 'place
him· in· his ·hereditary rights which the rapacit_y of Sultan Hussein
Ma.homed appears unjustly to have deprived -him of.
4. I have no information to deduce the inferences which the
Honorable Board hav.e drawn in the 4th, 5th, 6th and '7th Paras:
of-their letter, but consider them to be very poesible and in a great
measure ·borne out,· by the tenor and contents of the Netherlands
Resident's letter to me, of the eventual necessity of supporting the
claims of the Raja of Lingin, and of requesting the Sult.Rn HnR8ein
Mahomed to ·w4thdraw from the ·carimons. ·
5 .. To exert ·our.influence with the Sultan to effect this object,
might possibly ex·pose the Government to many incorn'enient' applications
and remonstrances on .his part for the supposed losses and
rights he might thereby eventually reli1iquish, besides leaving the
matter quite open to the wishes and- views of the Nether lands
Government whatever they may _be, and not that it would in my
opinion be the means of satisfying or preventing the N etherlimds
Government from taking· possession, hoisting their flag or forming
a s~ttlement on the Carimona .. · ............................ .
I am happy to find that the tenor of the reply made by me to the
Netherlands Resident of the 15th Ultimo, is not at variance with
the spirit and substance of this document.
_6. I beg to state that rio further papers have passed between
myself and the Resident of· Rhio on the present subject than those
which have already .been submitted to the Honorable the Governor
o$cial copies of which I shall forwar.d forthwith .
. I have, e~.,
(Signed) JoH:s Pnr:s-cE,
Resident Counci.llo.r.
Si.ngci.pore,:f.J,,e' 8th September, 1827.
Jour.: Straits MDCII
ANNEX MM 27
Report by Edward Presgrave, Registrar Imports and Exports to K.
Murchison, Resident Councillor, 5 December 1828
Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series : W 159
Date: January 1829
Singapore, the 20th January 1829
(Registrar of Imports and Exports)
Read the following Report and Enclosure from the Registrar of Imports and Exports on
the subject of Piracy
To,
The Honourable H.Murchison Esquire
Resident Councillor
Sir,
I have the honour to lay before you the result of my enquiries on the subject of
piracy accompanied with such observations as my information and experience enable me
to make. So much has of late been written and more talked on this subject that I fear I can
add little to the general information already possessed. Mr. Crawfurd the late Resident is
said to have reported fully to the Bengal Government on the state of piracy and his
observations are likely to be more of value and weight than my own which I offer with a
degree of diffidence propotioned to the difficulty of obtaining correct information from
the Natives where all who are best able to offer it stand more or less implicated in the
charge.
2. I am unable to state on my own experience (since it does nor permit me to draw a
comparison with former years) that piracy is on the increase, but I can venture to affirm
that taking into consideration the state of the population of the adjacent islands unless
some different check is opposed to the evil, it will increase with the increase of that
traffic on which it subsists; or rather that its successful practise will in the course of a
short time so damp the spirit and check the enterprise of the Native Traders that this
valuable branch of our commerce will be soon languish and become extinct. That piracy ..
does exist to a very great extent in the neighborhood of our Settlements is notorious and
within the last three months I have had· occasion to bring the fact to the notice of
Government, in three or four instances of the attack and capture of Native Prows
returning with valuable cargoes from Singapore. The most casual view of a Chart of
these Seas is sufficient to convince any one that no part of the globe is more favourably
adopted for the secure and successful practise of Piracy and when to these natural
facilities are added concurring (habits] and dispositions of the Natives which inhabit
these islands we shall scarcely expect to [find] it less flourishing here than in the states of
Barbary. From the earliest times of which we have any record of these Countries, piracy
has [been J a distinguishing feature in the character of the Malays. Their popular, but
purile, romances [attest] this was their practise before the establishment of a regular
Malayan Government and some time after this event attention of the Sovereign appears to
have been first called to the framing of a Code of Laws adapted to the roving and
maritime circumstances of the people. These laws, though probably enacted with the
view of introducing a greater degree of order and subordination among the crew of Malay
vessels and establishing the authority of the Nakhodas or Commanders on a firmer
foundation manifestly favour piracy. After the expulsion of the Malays from Malacca by
the Portuguese in the beginning of the 16th century the fugitive King with his adherents
settled at Johor and from this period his power rapidly declined and the people began to
disperse themselves over the surrounding Islands and coasts. At the beginning of the
following century we find the Malay Sovereign at Johor ready to unite his scattered
forces with those of the Dutch, by whom overtures had been made to him, to expel the
Portuguese in their tum from the fortified town of Malacca. In the event of success the
Dutch were to occupy the Town and the King of Johor to re-establish his Sovereignty
over the rest of the Malacca territory. Whether this projected invasion took place I am
not informed, but the seat of the Malay Government continued at Johor. Domestic
troubles and quarrels continued to harass the Royal family and to scatter the people. At
length Sultan MangKat (Mangkat) de-Julang, was murdered by his Chief Officer of State
His younger son succeeded him, but being attacked and put to death by his elder brother,
who had been banished the country in his fathers' life time, the latter established himself
on the throne of Johor, and removed the Seat of Government to the Island of Bintang, on
which the Settlement of Rhio now is. The Royal family afterwards removed to Lingga,
or Linggin, as it is usually called where one of the sons of the late Sultan now lives, and
but for the support he and his brother at Singapore desire from the English and Dutch
Governments these two representatives of the ancient family of the Empire of [Johor,]
would be little more than the nominal heads of the few piratical hordes which are
scattered over the various Islands forming the territories of Insular Johor.
3. It is difficult to give an accurate description of the limits of what is usually termed
the Johor Empire. It appears to embrace the Southern part of the Malayan Peninsula till
joined by the Malacca territory, and principality of Pahang, a small portion of the eastern
coast of Sumatra, laying between the Jambi and Siak Countries, all the Islands lying
between the Karimons to the South- Pulau Aor to the East, at the entrance of the China
Sea- and Linggin and the numerous Islands adjacent thereto, extending nearly to the
Islands of Banka and Billiton. This is a rough sketch of the boundaries of the Johor
territories, but may be accurate enough for the purpose here designed, viz to convey a
general idea of the geographical situation of the pirates, which more particularly infest
this neighbourhood and harass and annoy the native trade of this place.
4. Enclosed is a list of the places and settlements with the number of inhabitants at
each at this day considered to be under the authority of the Sultan of Johor the document
makes no pretensions to strict accuracy, but as it is formed from the information of the
natives well acquainted with the places, I hope it is a near approximation to the truth, and
will serve to give a tolerable idea of the numbers and state of the population of these
islands, and at the same time throw some light on the subject under consideration.
5. The subjects of the Sultan of Johor who inhabit the Islands are usually by the
Malays termed Orang Rayat-the common oriental word signifying a subject generally,
but is here restricted to one class of the Sultan's subjects. They live in small and
detached communities or settlements on the several islands under the immediate control
of two officers called Orang Kaya and Batin, the latter being subordinate to the former,
these officers are appointed by the Sultan of Johore. When the place is of sufficient
importance or prescription has established the custom, both officers are appointed, but .the
smaller stations have onJy a Batin over them. The Orang Rayat are scarcely better than
slaves, and at the same time than professional pirates. They are in the lowest grade .of
civilization, and it is owing to this circumstance that they are so little formidable to .. any
but the natives. They subsist for the most part on fish and sago, and when they are noLin
their piratical cruizes, collect the produce of the rocks in the vicinity of their respective
stations, which finds a ready market in the neighbouring European Settlements. This
produce consists principally of agar agar, trepang, a small quantity of tortoise shells .and
birds nests, in very small quantities. The first article is the sea weed, which may be
considered the staple commodity of the [ ...... ] of these savage Islanders. It is. in.
considerable demand among the Chinese and sells from thirty to forty dollars a Bahar.
They are compelled to collect this article and deliver it at a very inadequate rate to
whomsoever the Sultan may appoint to receive it-which is usually some one of .. the
family, or an Officer of the Government, for whose private benefit it is appropriated.
Thus the late Tumunggong received all the agar-agar from the Rayats of Sugi, Trong,
Galang [ .... ] which yielded him a considerable revenue per annum, as will be seen by the
four places instanced in the margin (see at the foot of the letter). The price at which .the
weed is purchased of the gatherer is fixed by custom at 6 dollars the Bahar of 12 piculs,
while the market price is from 30 to 40 dollars as I have already stated. Since the .Jang
Dipertuan Mooda has taken possession of the Karimons this exaction of the JohoL
Government is paid at Rhio. I have been rather minute in these particulars .in order.. to
show that the oppressive nature of the Government is perhaps among the chief causes.
which drive these people to seek a livelihood rather by piracy than by honest and patient
labour, but even the former mode is made subservient to the profit of their chief as_ will
appear below.
6. Though all the Orang Rayat may be looked upon as Pirates, ready to obey any
leader, the inhabitants of the following places, are more particularly addicted to this mode
of life than the rest: they consider piracy their birth right and inheritance. The figures
denote the number of prows supposed to be employed annually in this service.
Tamiang 30 Pama 20 Galang 20
Muppah 30 Buru 3 Trong 10
Sakana 40 Morch 15 Sugi 6
The four last places were under the Tumunggong residing at Singapore until the late
transfer of the Karimons to Rhio.
7. In the months of February, March and April the Rayats are usually engaged in
collecting the agar agar in May the rocks are clear of this article and in the month of June,
by which time the South East Monsoon is steadily set in and the weather fine, they
prepare to proceed on their piratical depredations. They do not all sail in a body, but only
the prows of each detached settlement or tribe keep together. These separate fleets _of
boats are dispersed in different directions. They make annual visits up the Straits .. of
Malacca, and proceed as far as to the north of Quedah, making free booty of all that falls
in their way, both sides of the straits being scoured by them either going or returning, and
as necessity requires or the hope of plunder invites they take occasional shelter in the
several bays and rivers on either shore. By the end of October they are almost all
returned to their settlements, where, after having disposed of their plunder for the most.
part they pass listless lives till the weather again permits them to collect their marine
productions, and the season recalls them on their predatory expeditions.
8. In this free booting system I am informed they are frequently (perhaps usually)
supported by their own chiefs, or other respectable Malays, who possessing a little money
are more inclined to embark it in a piratical adventure than to hazard it in the more
tedious and uncertain profits of commerce.
9. That-this was the principal occupation of the late Tumungong at Singapore
previous to its becoming a British Settlement, and his chief means of support, is well
known to all. He usually found the artillery and ammunition, and for these, certain parts
of the plunder were reserved as his portion, such as the hull of the prows captured- all
guns taken above a certain size- krisses and other weapons coming under certain
description and a portion of the female captives. Besides these at the close of the
expedition, the freebooters were expected to make him presents according to the success
which had attended the cruize. To the Panglimas or Commanders of each prow he made.,
an advance in money, termed Ayaman, in order to enable the Panglima to meet .the
expence of outfit and equipment, to any amount he chose to become responsible for, and ..
on his engaging to repay it on his return with an interest of 50 per cent. For carrying on
this species of unlawful traffic his office as Tumungong doubtless afforded him peculiar
advantages. Under the regular Malay Government the Tumungong is the second officer
of the State, and has very extensive authority committed to him by his Sovereign, _who_
troubles himself very little in the executive part of the administration tho' for forms sake,
all affairs of importance are referred to him for his decision.
10. A similar system appears to be carried on at present day by other officers of .the
Sultan of Johor. The Orang Kaya of Muppah and the Amba Raja of Lingga are both said
to have become wealthy by these means. Whether the Sultan of Lingga himself
participates in the spoils I am not correctly informed, though it seems more than probable
that his hands are not quite pure. There is no doubt that he is well informed on all points
of this nature, for what is openly carried on by his principal officers, almost immediately ..
under his own eyes, cannot but have his sanction if not his cooperation. The same remark
is especially applicable to his brother residing under our protection at Singapore. There ...
appears nothing in the moral character of either of these Princes to restrain them from
entering fully into all the details of so lucrative and promising a trade, but as self interest..
sometimes supplied the place of a better principle, the latter may think it prudent to
abstain from an open participation in it, as such would be a direct breach of an article of
his treaty with the British Government.
11. Each prow when fitted out for a piratical expedition usually carries from 40 to 50
men. The latter is the largest class of Boats. None sails with fewer then 30- the medium
number from 40 to 50 and 60. The crews of each boat are under the orders and direction
of three officers- a Panglima or Captain- a Juramoodi or helmsman and a Jurubatu. The
expense of the equipment falls on the Panglima. To each of the crew who may require it,.
he advances a sum of money on his entering into the service, this is afteiwards refunded,
but without interest, or increase. On taking a prize the crew only are allowed to board
and plunder, each seizing what he can do to his own share- with the following
exceptions- the female captives which belong to the Panglima- also if one man seize
more male captives than one he must give one to the Panglima. Gold and silver if not of
more value than 100 dollars belong to him who seizes it, if above that value one half of
the surplus goes to the Panglima, the other to the seizer- certain of the weapons belong to
the Panglima. The above are considered distinct from the cargo which is divided into two
shares, one to the Panglima, the other to the Crew, the Jurumoodi and jurubatu sharing
with the latter their portion being a little larger than that of the rest. After the prize is
taken and the booty distributed in this way, a general cock fighting usually ensued,
wherein each stakes according to the richness of his share of the plunder and the
unfortunate captives are again subjected to the sport of a chance more cruel than that of
war, in order to gratify this barbarous propensity of their brutal captors.
12. Differences arising among the parties which cannot be settled by the Panglima are
reserved for the decision of the Chief, or of the Sultan himself on their return, but on
board the prahu, the Panglima has the power of life and death over the Crew. Also if one
party attack a prize and a Prow of a different tribe happen to come up at the time and join
in boarding and plundering it, the Panglima of the Prow first engaged brings the matter
afteiwards before the Sultan, who decides according to the circumstances of the case.
13. Such are the habits and mode of life of the Rayats of Johor. The Sultan of Johor
can on emergency (such as a war with a neighbouring Chief) command their services.
On such an occasion it is said he can assemble from the several Islands and places under
his authority from three hundreds to four hundreeds prows. Other persons may also hire
the services of the Rayat or professional Pirates: and in this respect they resemble at sea
what the Penderas oflndia were by land.
14. The Raja of Trengganu is said to support a number of pirates. Their station is at
Redang, an island not far from Trengganu. The peoples were originally from these ports,
but no longer held allegiance to the Sultan of Johor. Their depredations are for the most
part limited to the East side of the Peninsula and the Gulf of Siam. The Bendhara .. of
Pahang, I have reasons to believe, holds no intercourse of this nature with the Orang
Rayat, but being himself an Officer and subject of the Johor Government he would not
likely to take any active measures in suppressing the Rayats in their predatory excursions.
With regard to the other Malay States in the Straits of Malacca, I am informed that the
Rajas of Salangor and Perak afford shelter and protection to the marauding Rayats and
that the Pirates which infest the Dindings proceed from the Johor islands. The Raja of
Siak also employs his own subjects in the same nefarious practises.
15. Besides the Orang Raya ts of Johor the Lanun people infest these Seas with their
piratical visits. These people come from the [Soloh] Seas; their principal Country is
Maggindaro and the adjacent Islands. In making their visits to these parts, which take
place annually for piratical purposes they are guided by the monsoon. In sailing from
their own seas they first touch at Tompassok on Borneo, a Lanun Colony. From
Tompassok they next proceed to Karamata, whence they disperse themselves in different
directions. Some scour the Straits and Coasts of [ ....... ] and ports thereto adjacent- some
the East Coast of the Peninsula extending their depredations as far north as Siam. Others
proceed up the Straits of Malacca and penetrate northward of Quedah. Those destined
for the Straits usually touch, at Rettah on the Sumatran shore where a colony of these
peopie settled about 15 years ago. The Lanun Prows appear on these shores, in the
months of August, September and October. By the middle of October the monsoon
becomes too strong to permit of their pirating successfully, and is favourable to their
return to their own country with their booty. They are more feared at sea by the Native
trader than the Orang Rayat, which is owing to their prows being of a larger class and
better manned than those of the latter. Many of the Lanun Boats have crews of 100 to
150 men, the usual complement is from 50 to I 00 and mount 8 or 10 large guns of the
swivel or Rantaka Kind. They are said to treat their captives with greater mildness than
the Rayat and never kill any who do not resist. Each prow is commanded by a Panglima
with three subordinate officers. The first is called Amir Ally. In dividing the plunder the
cargo of the prize is portioned into thirds, one of which goes to the Amir Ally. Gold and
Silver or Jewels under the value of 100 dollars are the property of the Seizer. If above
that, it is divided into 1/3 rd, one to the Amir Ally, 113rd to the Seizer- and I/3rd to the
general concern. AH other things are the right of the Seizer, with the exception of the
female captives, which are the right of the Commander.
16. The Lanuns while cruzing in these ports meet with no countenance or support
from the Chiefs or people, except what they derive from the Colony of their country men
at Rettah. The Malay Rayats and Lanuns entertain the greatest inveteracy towards each
other so much so that if a Lanun Prow appear in sight at the moment the former are in the
act of taking a prize their enmity must be gratified before the appetite for plunder is
indulged.
17. The Commanders of Native Boats arriving at Singapore are not required to
produce at this office any papers, certificate or manifest, showing where or how they
obtained their cargoes. Such a regulation I fear would have little effect in checking .
piracies, and [ would] at the same time be a considerable impediment to Native Traders,.
considering the state of places whence they bring their traffic and the consequent
difficulty of their procuring [ a document] of the sort on which we could place [ any
reliance.]
I 8. With regard to the best means [ calculated] to remove an evil so prevalent and
injurious, these must of course depend upon the authorities who alone have the power. to
apply them, but if the foregoing particulars shall contribute anything towards the easier
application of such a remedy, whatever it may, I trust, I shall not be deemed to have
entered into unnecessary details. My design has been to show the real nature and extent
of the [ web,] its origins, and the causes which keep it in operation, in order that, these
being known, the remedy may be sought for and applied with a certainty and precision
which may ensure, if not entice, at least, a much greater degree of success than has
hitherto been attained towards a radical cure of the evil.
Singapore
5 December 1828
I have the:
Signed I E. Presgrave
Regr oflmp: & Exp:
(Memorandum referred to in the 5th paragraph)
Places Market Price
·Trong 50
Sugi 20
Moroh 40
Palampang 30
140 at $38.75
Deduct prime cost
40
30
45
60
155
The Temenggong's profit Sp. Dollars
Price to the gatherer
6
6
6
6
$5425
840
4585
ANNEX MM 28
Letter from the Government Secretary to the Resident Councillor,
Fort Cornwallis, 22 December 1829
To
The Honorable H Murchison Esquire
Resident Councilor
Singapore
Sir
I am directed by the Honorable the Governor in Council to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter of the 7 instant respecting certain circumstances relative to the Schooner
Helen, the property of a Chinese Merchant at Singapore having been seized on Tree
Island, where she together with her cargo was seized by a certain person named Raja
Jaffer, and conveying for the information of government your proceedings connected
therewith, and further your subsequent letter of the 9 instant propounded for the
consideration of government certain question having reference to your Judicial and
Executive capacity in connection with the committal of Raja Jaffer, on a charge of Piracy.
In reply to this communications I am directed by the Honorable the Governor in Council
to convey to you his sentiments on the case in general together with such remarks as your
letters above alluded to seem to call for.
It appears that a vessel under Dutch Colors with a cargo said to be British property is
wrecked on Tree Island a place beyond our Jurisdiction and within the scope of Political
control of the Dutch. The Master of the Vessel comes to Singapore for assistance and
return with 3 boats to the wreck from which he lands part of the cargo. The Vessel is
then seize by one Jaffer stating himself to be a servant of the Rajah Mudah of Rhio, who
manages at the Carimons. A letter is then produced brought by one Abdul Latif from the
Raja Mudah directing Jaffer to take possession of the Vessel, and allow nothing to be
carried away from her. Report is made to the Resident of Singapore who acting under the
Deposition given and concluding from the known character of those concerned, that the
whole is an act of Piracy, seizes the Vessel and also Rajah Jaffer and brings him to
Singapore, where being delivered to the Magistrates, he is detained on a charge of Piracy.
When a flagrant act of Piracy is committed, Property seized and endangered thereby, the
intervention of public authority is certainly highly proper and necessary though the affair
might happen beyond our own limits. Pirates being the Enemies of all Nations, it might
in such case be presumed that the neighboring state in amity with us, would rather
approve than object to the act of preserving property so situated, and seizing the
offenders but it is to be feared that however circumstances might have seemed to warrant
interference on this view of the case it will tum that Rajah Jaffer was the agent of the
Rajah Moodah of Rhio, that the Rajah Moodah acting under the orders of the Resident of
Rhio had seized the Vessel not for plunder, but in all probability by the general directions
of the authorities at Rhio to seize all property so situated reporting the circumstances to
them, which indeed in the letter brought by Abdul Lattif, Jaffer is directed to do. The
Vessel is under the Dutch flag. wrecked on an Island politically under Dutch authority.
The protection of the Property vested with them, and the appeal for redress against the
plundering should have been made to them. And if British authority interfered it could
only be warranted by the urgency of the case and the immediate protection of the
property until the agents of the proper Authority took charge. Raja Jaffer then therefore
should have been immediately sent to the Resident ofRhio.
The Honorable the Governor in Council does not perceive how that person could have
been committed for Piracy for seizing a ship under their own Colors or immediately
under the dutch authority and therefore quite out of our Jurisdiction, but even if the case
had amounted to Piracy, it would have been better to have left the whole to the
Netherlands Government they have probable powers to prevent piracy which we have
not. As the demand for the delivery of Jaffer to the Resident of Rhio is anticipated, it
becomes necessary that some opinion should be given on the question propounded in
your second letter. That person it is presumed is now committed until release in due
course of law. The only process by which he could be released would be by appointing
some person in behalf of the Resident of Rhio or of his Government to apply to the Judge
for a Writ of Habeas Corpus or and affidavit that he is detained on a charge not under the
Jurisdiction of the Court. The answer to that Writ would probably to that he was duly
committed and the point to be argued before the Judge would be whether the act was
done within our Jurisdiction. If not the discharge of the prisoner would follow. The
necessity of such proceeding however would much depend on the manner and style on
which the Resident might make his reclamation of the person.
As is not expedient that the common course of law should be interfered with by
application from the executive accept in the case of necessity, there is nothing to prevent
Jaffer himself making the application. Proof that he had the authority of a recognize state
for what he did, would of itself do away the charge of piracy, and leave political question
to be settled between the two States concerned.
Fort Cornwallis
22nd December 1829
[Signed (illegible)]
SOURCE: SSFR(K 14)ff:197,2t1dDecember, 1829
ANNEX MM 29
"Missing Vessels - Navigation to China", Singapore Free Press, 13
October 1836 (extract)
Singapore Free Press
Dated: 13 October 1836
Missing Vessels-Navigation to CHINA
To the Editor of the Singapore Free Press
Sir,
I observe in the last published Singapore Chronicle, a statement that the Hormasjee
Bomanjee and Margaret Graham were spoken by the Ahmoody in Lat. 13' 51 N. And Long. 11 O'
58 E. I have no doubt of the fact; but it affords not the slightest ground for any hope of the safety
of these vessels- on the contrary it is quite clear that if any thing short of being totally lost had
occurred to any of the three she must have arrived in China previous to the date of our last
advices from thence; (the 3rd Sept.) but it has been ascertained that not one of them had reached
their destination at that date and there can be little doubt therefore, that all three are lost.
I am inclined to believe indeed, that if those engaged in the trade both at home and in the East
were true to their own interests, much more than I have yet ventured to suggest might and would
be done for the improvement of the navigation in question. At a very little expence- at a cost
which could be a mere drop in that ocean of the great capital embarked in the trade, the
navigation of the Streights for example might rendered perfectly safe, by a floating light on the
edge of the North Sand and a light on the Rabbit and Conie- and I think it would not be
impracticable to establish a light on Pulo Supata in the China Seas and perhaps also on some of
the islets of the Paracels shoals. The light on Supata would be of the highest importance to the
safety of vessels running down in the North East monsoon, as you may ascertain by a reference to
Horsburgh's Directory in which he relates the narrow escapes which even whole fleets have had
of being wrecked, owing to thick weather and currents which prevail at that season, when it is not
uncommon for vessels to be without observations for several days consecutively. Of course the
lighting Supata, would involve the necessity of taking possession of the island and placing an
establishment there. I apprehend there would be no great difficulty, moral or physical as to either:
but at any rate no objection of the kind can be made to the improvement of the Streight's
navigation in the manner proposed. The fund for defraying the expense might be derived from a
trifling duty on tonnage and on the most valuable export, say, opium, for example, combined. The
rate required for the purpose would be so very insignificant in amount as to afford no just ground
of objection to it: and the Government of India would be fully warranted in levying a tax so small
for an object so important, to that numerous lives and large amount of property embarked in a
most extensive and valuable trade.
I have been led by a natural connection of ideas to address you at much greater length
than I intended, but I submit my communication entirely to your editorial discretion and shall be
quiet satisfied with the exercise of it, whether that be manifested in the alteration, curtailment, or
even suppression of my lucubrations.
I have the honor to be, &c.
A Traveller
Singapore, <Jh Oct. 1836
ANNEX MM 30
The Canton Press, Canton, 26 November 1836
The Canton Press
Dated: 26th November 1836.
CANTON PRESS
26th November 1836
CAPTAIN HORSBURGH
We give in another column the proceedings of a meeting, held on the 2nd inst. and
which was very numerously attended, particularly by such whose vocations led them to
take a more immediate interest in the subject of the meeting, in which it was proposed
that a fitting monument should be erected to the memory of the lately deceased Capt.
James Horsburgh. From no spot could the proposal to do honor to the memory of Capt.
Horsburgh come with more propriety than from Canton, where there is not a foreigner
resident but is indebted to that eminent Hydrographer for the safety perhaps of his person
and for the property floating at Sea, or which has at previous periods, under Horsburgh' s
directions, been safely taken from, or brought to Canton. We are therefore glad to see the ·
proposal come from Canton first, and as the European community in Calcutta as well as
in every part of India and the Straits shares equally with us the debt of gratitude, we
doubt not that the call upon the public there will be equally effectual, and that there also a
part of the sum requisite to carry into execution the monument the several Committees ·
shall decide on, will be collected; nor do we think that in the commercial cities of
England, and perhaps Europe, the call to do honor to the illustrious dead will be
unresponded to.
It is unnecessary to explain in detail of what nature are the benefits Capt.
Horsburgh has conferred upon the shipping of all nations; his labours are too well known
to every one for us to comment on, and thousands are daily on the wide ocean, consulting_.
him on their voyages. Every one connected with trade is more or less under obligations
to Horsburghs directions; the seaman for lessening the dangers of his adventurous calling; .
the merchant and ship owner for the saving of time in and comparative safety of his
enterprise; and the underwriter for lessening the risk he protects the merchant from. All
therefore ought to contribute to a testimonial of gratitude to this distinguished man nor
ought such a testimonial to be raised merely by his countrymen but by individuals of all
civilized nations, for to all in proportion to the magnitude of their shipping interests has
he been a benefactor.
At the meeting these opinions were very properly expressed, and unanimously
agreed to and gentlemen resident here, of as many different nations as could be found
were named as Trustees to carry into execution any plan that should be agreed on
hereafter.
To erect a merely ornamental monument to the memory of a man whose whole
life was devoted to useful sciences, & who leaves behind him memorials more lasting
than the purest marble would however gratifying to his friends, be but a poor comment of
his exertions. Such monuments well befit the winner of many battles, the results of
which generally are as fleeting as his short span of life; they are becoming to the memory
of the Statesman whose exertions can only be partially appreciated by his successors,
who may be reminded by them, that to such a man their forefathers were indebted for a
more or less lasting prosperity of their country; they may suit the memory of the less
gifted poet, whose marble effigy may peradventure outlive his works or the language in
which he wrote, now become obsolete; but let Horsburgh's memory be honored by the
erection of some durable monument, which may, while it proves that his services are
gratefully remembered, continue to be beneficial to the seafaring, whose interests when ...
living he had so much at heart.
The meeting held on Tuesday last appeared to be nearly unanimous in similar .
sentiments, and Capt. Hine proposed that in memory of Capt. Horsburgh, a lighthouse
should be erected on a rock called Pedra Branca situated at the eastern entrance to the..
Singapore Straits in about 1. 20 North Latitude and 104. 24 west Longitude. No project
appears to us more happily conceived, and none which, with moderate means could be.
more easily achieved. From it's position, it would be of very great advantage to all ships
bound eastward of Singapore and most of the valuable shipping to and from China would.
be benefitted by it, the want of a similar beacon having long been felt, it being now, we
believe, the practice of ships about to enter the straits from the eastward, not to attempt it
during the night. This rock is peculiarly favorably situated, and from the great numbers of
ships annually passing it, the light upon it would be of service to a great many, The ..
expense of a Light-house on Pedra-branca would probably not be much, and quite within
the reach of the probable amount to be raised by subscription, and we even hope, that, ..
after it's erection shall have been detennined on, such subscribers as put their names to
very moderate sums only, as not knowing to what purpose they were to be employed, will.
then come forward more liberally. As it is, the subscriptions at the meeting only, from
which on account of it's being a very busy day in most of the Offices, a great many of the ...
resident merchants were absent, amounted to about $1500, and considerably more will no
doubt have since been collected.
We can course make only a very rough guess at the probable expense of the ..
lighthouse, but seeing that no expensive foundations are necessary; that the rock at all
times is above water; that the weather in the Latitude of its position is almost at all times ..
fair, so as seldom or never to interrupt the communication between the rock and the
shore, and that its distance from Singapore, where building materials are almost cheaper.
than any where else, is only about forty miles, that moreover, the rock being about 30 feet
about the level of the Sea, and that therefore the light to be effective in that singularly
clear and placid atmosphere would not require to be more than perhaps 25 feet higher, or
altogether 55 feet above the level of the sea, we come to the conclusion that the buildinR_
of the lighthouse with its lamp would not probably cost much above $ 2,000, if so much,
as only a substantial round brick tower is needed. The warder and his family might, we
think not cost more than $20 a month, or $240 per annum, and, supposing that a Picul of
Oil at $7 was consumed every three days, the total expense per annum would not exceed
$ 1100. This annual expense might be raised partly by the interest on the amount of
subscriptions not expended in the building of the lighthouse, and partly by levying at
Singapore, Bombay and Calcutta, Lightmoney, say $5 per annum on every ship about to
proceed to China.
These suggestions we beg, may be taken only as a speculation of our own, which
we believe not to be incorrect in the main, but which, not having any data to rest on, may
require correction.
We merely notice two other proposition made at the General meeting; the first by.
Mr. Clarke, to found with the proceeds of the subscription a scholarship or professor-ship
of Navigation in England, which proposal was opposed by Captain A Smith as contrary ..
to the objects of the meeting, it being not one of a national but of a cosmopolitan
character; all nations being invited to do honor to the memory of Capt. Horsburgli., .. the.
monument to be raised to it should not be confined to England alone. Mr. Clarke
thereupon withdrew his proposal.
The other motion was by Mr. Layton, seconded by Mr. Matheson, as will be seen.
in our account of the meeting. We do not quarrel with the motives of this proposal; they
are not doubt praiseworthy; but we much doubt it's feasibility. It would be necessary _to.
establish a nautical board; this would necessarily consist of the commanders of ships as
annually visit China; they would have to be elected annually, and would perhaps not. be.
very willing to prepare themselves to enable them to examine the youngsters, besides we
are afraid that in practice, however well it may look in theory, any thing but the good.
expected, would arise from it.
PUBLIC MEETING HELD AT MARWICK'S HOTEL
For the purpose of taking into consideration the measures proper to be pursued, to
render a lasting tribute of respect to the memory of the late Capt. HORSBURGH.
W. JARDINE ESQ., in the Chair
November 22nd 1836
The meeting was opened by Capt. Hine who briefly stated it's object and
suggested that if sufficient funds could be raised, the purpose would be best answered by
the erection of some work of public utility, as a light house on Pedra Branca, in the
Straits of Singapore.
Mr. Clarke suggested the founding a Scholarship or Professorship of Navigation,
but it was determined by the sense of the meeting, that, as subscriptions were to be
invited from all parts of the world, a merely national institution was not to the purpose.
Proposed by Mr. Innes, seconded by Capt. Grant, that the following Gentlemen be
appointed as a Committee to carry into effect the objects of the meeting - with power to
add their number - viz. Mr. Jardine, - Mr. Dent, - Mr. Wetmore, Captn. Hine, - Mr. Van
Basel, - Mr. Astell, - Mr. Fox, Framjee Pestonjee, - Capt. Young.
Proposed by Mr. Layton, seconded by Mr. Matheson, that it be suggested to the
Committee.
"The propriety of establishing an annual examination of the junior Officers,
Midshipmen and apprentices of ships trading to China, in theoretical and practical
Navigation, Algebra, Arithmetic, Practical Astronomy, Naval Mechanics, and other
useful subjects - such examinations to be conducted by a Committee of Commanders and
Resident Merchants.
Proposed and carried, - That a subscription list be now opened and afterwards to
lie at different Mercantile Houses.
Proposed and carried, - That the thanks of the meeting be given to the Chairman."
ANNEX MM 31
The Canton Press, Canton, 10 December 1836
The Canton Press
Dated: 10th December 1836.
CAPT. HORSBURGH
On the news· reaching China, of the late Captain HORSBURGH' s death, a
meeting was held, to consider in what most suitable manner Honor might be done to the
memory of a man, from whose labours and research, commerce and navigation at large,
but particularly that with the East, has derived so much and such lasting benefit.
It was at once resolved to commence a subscription, and in order that it's object
might be in the spirit of that usefulness to which the life of the deceased was ever
devoted, a Lighthouse was suggested, as an appropriate memorial, and PEDRA
BRANCA at the entrance of Singapore Straits, named as the site of one of a Series,
(should funds enough be collected to extend the number.)- The whole to bear his name.
The Undersigned were appointed to act as Committee in furtherance of the
general object, and as the Services of HORSBURGH, were confined to no country, but
belonged to the world at large, it's member were selected from the various nations, who
trade to Canton
Our first step has been to endeavour by correspondence, to obtain a general
cooperation in every quarter of the Globe, from whence the pages of his Directory have
pointed the way to the East.
Canton may be considered one of the main cocentering points of Eastern
Commerce, and as the China Sea, with it's neighbourhood has been, in a degree,
illustrated by his own Original Directions, drawn from personal observation, it may, not
inaptly, be called the principal scene of his Glory.
It was natural that an unprompted proposal, of the kind, alluded to, should
immediately follow the melancholy news of his death, in a place where his worth and
great experience and his strict fidelity as a Guide, are so well known and have been so
beneficial by felt; but if, as is not improbable, the idea has occurred to others, of
perpetuating one of the brightest names in the Calendar of Scientific Navigation, (a name
as good as it was great,) by any common object of general utility, we are anxious to make
. known our earnest desire to concur in whatever may hereafter be determined on.
While a lasting memento might be afforded of the dead, by some durable recordfitting
companion to his imperishable work- most important benefits to the living and to
all posterity, may be connected with it.- The suggestion of the Light house arose out of
this consideration.
The numbers are so large, who might be induced to contribute, embracing a
considerable portion of the Shipping interests of the world, and his work having been
translated into the languages of most nations that have any extended commerce, a zealous
cooperation on the part of all HORSBURGH'S friends and admirers, seems alone
wanting to ensure success.
This cooperation we feel assured will be cheerfully afforded, and if the appeal
sent forth by the Public Press of Canton, shall be as zealously seconded by the same
powerful arm, in every other quarter, and be as promptly responded to, as in this small
community, we cannot for a moment doubt the issue.
We have the honor to remain,
Your obedient Servants,
W.JARDINE
LANCT. DENT
JOHN filNE
W.SWETMORE
J.H ASTELL
M.J.S. VAN BASEL
THSFOX
FRAMJEE PESTONJEE
Wm. HAYLETT.-Hon Secretary
Canton, Dec. 1836
ANNEX MM 32
The Canton Register, 10 January 1837
SUPPLEMENT TO THE O.A.NTON REGISTER.
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Plate.• xiii. .-\ facsimile of th<! o_riginal list of the subscribet·s in Canton.
"The Canton B.egister - 10th .January 183 7."
ANNEX MM 33
Singapore Free Press, 9 February 1837
Singapore Free Press
9th February, 1837
As we are now publishing from the Asiatic Journal for last September, a brief
sketch of the industrious and useful career of the late lamented Mr. Horsburgh,
the occasion seems to invite us to return, as we intimated our intention in a former
number of doing, to the proposed scheme for erecting a light-house, or series of
Light-houses, as well in commemoration of the name and services of that eminent
hydrographer, as to impart additional value to the important information which he
has communicated to the world. Our countrymen at Canton, among whom the
design originated, are, we think, entitled to claim not only the merit of merely
proposing a public tribute to his memory, but also of suggesting at the same time
a plan in itself of the highest utility, and calculated to ensure success by the
interests which it can scarcely fail to engage in contributing to its
accomplishment. The primary intention, in fact, and secondary object become so
intimately blended, that it cannot be said to be more a plan to confer honor on the
dead, than to provide for the safety of the living by the important aids to
navigation which it contemplates and embraces. The project however, as it
derives its origin from the services rendered to mankind at large by Mr.
Horsburgh, will no doubt, ever continue when carried into effect, to be associated
with his name; and the Horsburgh Light-Houses may thus also serve to proclaim
to a future and distant generation the esteem in which exertions in the cause of
humanity were held in this, and that the example of a benefactor of his age has not
been in vain. But calculations of a more business-like nature here interpose, and
in recalling us from any dreams of the future remind us that, in imitation of the
sagacious Mrs. Glass while engaging in a much more humble undertaking, we
must begin with the beginning and "first catch" our light-houses. Towards the
attainment of this grand object the sums already subscribed in Canton promise
well, amounting as they do to about Sp. dollars 4,200 by the latest accounts; but
this we trust and believe is only a nucleus around which contributions as worthy
of the name and cause which inspired the undertaking are yet destined to
accumulate. The liberal spirit evinced in that quarter is well worthy of imitation,
and we hope that the earnest feeling with which the Canton Committee appear to
be imbued in furthering the undertaking will extend itself to those whom ther
have appointed to cooperate with them in other places - " in every quarter of the
globe," as they themselves say, " from whence the pages of the Directory have
pointed the way to the East." Projects of this description require to be pushed
forward with vigour by those to whom the care of advancing them is entrusted,
and nothing, as we believe experience amply testifies, is more conducive to their
failure than that long delay in setting about their accomplishment which affords
entrance to the languid indifference which so often succeeds an opposite temper
of mind. We should not of course, recommend any degree of haste inconsistent
with due enquiry on every essential point- but the most eligible sites on which to
construct a chain of lights in this neighbourhood would no doubt be determined
among nautical men, acquainted with the intricacies of its navigation, without
dispute or difficulty. Respecting Pedra Branca, which has been proposed or
rather fixed upon for one, there is not likely to be any difference of opinion- and
we think the next step ought to be to settle the other points on which it would
most conduce to the security of navigation in the Straits to have lights established.
A very competent judge residing in this Settlement has we understand suggested a
floating light on the 2 ½ fathom bank, on the North Sands- and a stationary lighthouse
on Barn Island, as sufficient to render the navigation of the Straits of
Malacca easy to all - an opinion which consists with what we have ourselves
before heard expressed by others. In addition to this, a light on Pulo Sepatu, in the
China Sea, as suggested by a correspondent of this paper some months ago, would
prove of the highest importance, as the thick weather and currents which prevail
in the North East monsoon, place vessels running down from China at that season
of the year, in imminent danger of being wrecked upon the coast of that Island.
The establishment of a light house in that situation may however, be for some
causes, impracticable- and it is of course to those quarters were their feasibility is
beyond all dispute that the public attention should in the first place be directed.
The next important question connected with the establishment of light-houses, in
the Straits is of course the expenses attending their erection and maintenance. On
this point we are without any guide- but we have heard the cost rated at about
7,500 dollars for one on Pedra Branca - 3,000 Drs. for that on Barn Island - and
10,000 Ors. for the floating light on the North Sands. These however are mere
rough estimate, framed upon no particular data and, we should say, rather under
than above the mark. But no just approximation can we presume be made without
reference to those whose particular avocation it is to superintend such
undertakings - more particular in the case of a floating light. It is desirable, we
should think, that estimates by a competent person should be laid before the
public with as little delay as possible; and every requisite means taken to shew
within what limits the undertaking may be finally and successfully completed.
With respect to the expenses of maintenance and superintendence after the lighthouses
should be constructed, there is no doubt we believe that the Government in
India would provide the requisite funds by imposing a tonnage duty, upon the
numerous vessels which annually pass through the Straits, and partly perhaps by a
small tax upon the Opium Trade, which to such an immense value is yearly
conveyed down the Straits of Malacca. The tonnage duty on vessels would require
to be very moderate in order to provide a very considerable fund for that purpose
- and would besides be more than fully made up by saving the time and trouble of
nightly anchoring as they now do on a voyage down the Straits- that being a
precaution which the presence of lights on the places mentioned would enable
them with the utmost safety to dispense with. To raise a sum by subscription
which would suffice as well to construct light-houses on the sites above specified,
as also to leave a surplus of which the annual interest would be sufficient to
defray the expenses of keeping them up, must we imagine be beyond the
expectations even of the most sanguine- if that would require, as we believe it
would, not less than an annual outlay of Sp.drs. 5,000 and probably more. We
entertain, however, no apprehensions on that score- the establishment of these
lights would prove, of such inestimable advantage to shipping that a general
voluntary contribution for the purpose from that source would, we are sure, not be
wanting even if Government should not interpose with regulations to secure it.
! '
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~F .. --. -~ -niiii~~.,. .~ ~.~-~9~~~;-::.P.;J;iJ:R ti.jn r. 1837, rot. ·o. L.. . - c.:c...':, -~- _...,_. . .. .· ·
As we· are now pu9lishing fron:-- the Asia ti:._
-Journal f<,>r last Septemher, a unef sketcl, ot
th~ iuduatrioua l\nd u~' ef ul career o: the late
lamentetl Mr. HoRSBU .:H, lhe occaston seems
lo invite 118 to. return 81 we intimated our
i11t<:11tion in a former ,umber of doing, to the
prop~,e<l sche1.ne for ~recting a Li~l1t-ho1tse,
w aoriea of L1ghl•hOuJet, ,u well m comme:
411')rit.tion of the n~e apd servic._e• of f1a_t.~_Pk~ ... i
. ·n-,n~ hyc.lror,~fle,, .. ld' Mt·pott ,aildili<lA~I
""' · · lo th'e ·11npqrta11l 111founallon w~kh b4
· ;li .. 1. comrnpni_c111c:d to tl10 worlil. ~"' r..~11n•
.. ,ryn_'f" M ".Oiln\on, •mot.it •t,orti (l1d·_ il1:~li(r1
. oril(Uat1lctl,kt"t'P.t .lh~k, cntl\Jo4 ~ d~'ll ~"'.
_;p!,,,1;.ah¢, n")M~ 1~ metrly "prdpJ11ft\t '-ll~,Hc
tril>dte to 1111 \nwiory, but al,o ,,( ii11(t~•tln11 •
"' th~ lhllOO Imler" pl,rn hl _itNlf of l~ld ,,ij(h~t
utility, n11_<l ~nlc11l!1t<:<l l~ e11~1!0 .,,,cru l,y
tl,e i11l~r~ru ,w1tln..1t f~ b-n:~:, JiJl lo e, ...
g1tgo in conl~iuut,,~g l~ it• •:cucn1liliclunc111.
.Tito prir11nry 111telll~o,,_. In fuct, 1\1\l' IC1"'0n<fl,r'r
o)ljcct ·hrcome 10 rnt1mat,\y l,lc1'dt1\, tl11\l It
c·uul{)l be ~lid to lk: moio I\ plu 11 \o co11 l'.,,r
ho·n~r 011 the ·<lc~ll, than to pro\·i,lc ti,r ll,o
aufcty ~f: ~1e frvfnlf by the imponai,L l\id1 Lo
nitvi,:.al!OJ\ .which ll conlcmpl1,tc_~ ll'''.' Cl~l -
: . brnces. '1.i>e project liowcHT, ;.1~ ~l lk·.-1vc~ 1l,
ori•ri1v from lhe ·,e-rvice, reo<lcrc<l lo n)Qr\k ind
f\t. c-l:irge '-!y M'f,~,--io1,s11~R.0!1; ,,.ii\ .no <lo11ht,
crcr ',ontit'i1iE!' wl\~n cttrned. into eficct, to be
8S:30ciatcd wi.\h his.n11me ~ &.Ill.I the lfol\.'! lit; nou
Lu;1h-11uvsr.~ may thu, also 9erve lo prochtim
• tf111t tl,e carnc:3L · foeli111,· with which Lh0 C.111-
ton Commillce 11ppc.l~ lo b~ i1nl)l11:t) i11_
furtlicrin.r the· 111\dcrlaki1w will cxtcml llscl I n :,
to· tl1ose· whom tl,~y IHvc llppoi111cd lo c'.>•
opernte wtth them i11 other pL1ce:i -" 111
f'.\'ery quurtcr of the globe," ll-~ tlil:y tl_1c:11-
sdve;3 say, t:' from wl1c11re tlk: po_..;-..:.;"! tit:! .
'Directory h.ive poii1lcJ the way to ~lie l:. 1st.
Project:; vf Lhi3 de.scrij>liun rc,1111rc 10 he
p11:.hed forw.1rd with_ viJ;·onr ht :lm:>c 10 whom
.tl1e c~re of,tdvan~ing tlt1::m 1:; t:irtrn.steJ, 1111d
1101.:b,.,, us we hdie ••t: e~pcric11ce ump·l y
te.::ti11cr j5 more co11d11civc to tlteir f 1il11r_c)
titan tl1;1l 1011~ <lcl,iy i11 ~lti11:; aunnt' tl•(·lr
nccoml'li,d1mc11t ~vl,ich ·l\tfor,I~ c11tr.111cc. lO
tlie la,w11id i11diff.:rc1n:c 1Vl11clt ~11 ol.u 11
c- • . I \V
~111·cccLl.i a11 op,111s:le llttnj•Cr ol 111111<. ·L•
!lhould nut of cuw~. rccou1in1•.11J 1111y d,~~roc
of h,,3lc i11ro11~i.:iLd11t wirl1 1l11c C11'111iry. ou
:vcrf c.:5,;e11Li.1I jt<;'i;,~--,,~i~ ti_,~ .'."~!~ 1·_1_,g.'_1_1,1;
:J'ile,:t 011 wl:iel, tu co111trucl I U c_l,.,i,, uf l·~ltlc
i" ·1lti!\ nei,,liho11rl100..I ·woultl rro \lv,d,1 I~ c:> •
dctt'nHi11cd uino11; -nauticnl 1111111, onp1,1i11tn,I
with 'tltc intric,;ciet,of it:1 11o1vll(,llio11, witl,11:rl
,l:!\ 11111c or di'.lil'1ilty. l! .. 1~1prc:1i11:{ l'i:-lr.,
/Jra,,cfl, wliich l11u ~.!11 p,·'>i>·1:tcd ur r ,1 l11•r
fixi:tl 11p611 fur one, llit·re· i:1 not lik ·h r .. ,
he uny dilft.!rell('.l! ~r opi11iun--a_11,J we tl1,r1'(
11,c ncxl slq> ou;;ht. to bl! to iw:.11<:- Lite oll,.•.r
poi11t;3 on wl,ich it wo11l,l 1110,1l cc;,itl·,cc l·)
lite secmit•, of nnvi,rc:>. ,tiu11 i11 Lite !:)trait.~ (·>
ltave lii;l1L1 est1thfo1ltcJ. 1\ very (iOtilpclcnl
i ut.lg-c rcsiJin,. in tl,i, Set tlcme•·t 1, 1, ,,·c II n - . • . 0 .
rlcr.H,1110 ~uggc3te1I ·u llo:1li11~ li)11 un 1.l·c ·21
to a\ future nr,d distant. genernlion the esteem
iu \\'.hich ~xertion!'i· in LIH:cuuse of humanity
were1· held in tl,i!, and tltal lliC' C)(arnple o'. a
hcoefi'cJ.or. · of his age has not bee\\ 1n ,·a 111.
U11t.cttlculntio11s oi-a more business-like nal11.c
lrcie interpo~, and i.n- recalling 11'3 frllm 1\riy
dreams of the future remind u~ th.it, in .imilclLion
9.f the sag·acivus ~'Ir:i.. GIH:Jd wliilc en:;a~-
i ll)! -,n· li much niorc nu 111ulr II ud C rtdk i 11:;, we
must IJegin with tlte lici.:in11in0 l\nd "Jir!C
catch" our li~lil-houscs TtwarJ:3.l11e att;1irrn~
nl or tlri~ ~rnml object tlte S\111\!I ;drc.irly i
sub;3cribecl r11 Ca11lon pnimi:1c \h:ll. a1nounti,1~
n!! they do to 11.bo11t Si,. <loH11r:i 4,'2UO by the
lc1tcst uccount!;; but tit~ WP, lrllM rrnd hl"licvc
fatlto:I\ ba11k, 011 the N0rlli S.111ll:i--;•11t.l .i .~1.1-
1 i1111,1r\' li,,ltt-lwus:! 011 /Jar,, l:11,uul. 11)1 ~111li •
1:i~111 ;:o r;11clcr ihe navi~"1i_u11 of the ::::ir.uit~
;Ir ,\Ltl.tl'C;\ t:a~v to l\li'-a11 opi,,io:1 wl·;c:,
con~i.,ts with wi'1:1l ·we l1are o:ir,;d•:c:\ 1,-:r'•J:·.:
lie:,rd cxpre~d by othrr.~. In 11thliti1111 to
lite~. l\ litlit on J>ulo ~"·l'palll, i11 tltt: Cl,i-
11~ ~ca, n:l ~11g-~~:1teJ hj a corre:tpn111.k1d
~f 11,i:1 p··'lper ~<1111c 1111111lis ngo, \ro11ltl prove
of tl,r. ltishc:-t ill\pnr1.111cc, 11s tli~ tl,i,:~,
weather l\1H.l c,irrcnts which prevail i11 111 .. )
North E.-ist mo11.:½oun, place VL':!3Cl5 rtt1111i·1:;
dow11 from China at th;1l sca~o11 of tl,c yc.·r,
irt immillCllt Llarwer Of bei11,r \; red,:c,l ;J '1
h):I
j3 only .t\ 1111dc11s · IHOr11H\ whiclt c:011lril:11li1):r,
wor1hy of the 1·am1: n11d c:\llSt! wl,iclt i11~111fcd
tl,e 11n,lrruki11:~· arc yet dL".~1i11cJ to t\l'Cu11111-
l«te. Tl,c liber,d :tpr· it t:1 i11ccd i11 lkt\ 11·1.1rlf'.
t i~ well wot'll,_v of imir.urion. 011d 11·~ !,"I"~ C' ...
d,r. co:19t of tltat bli1nd. Tlw C!ltl\lJii1li
/ever, )>c from !'\Ome causes, impracticable--
'· ·rrnd it is of co·urse to those quarters whrre
tlieir feasibility is beyond 1~11 di~1~11te tl1.1l
the public attention should 111 tlic tirst pl.1cl~
be directed. . .
Tile next i·n;>:>rt·nt q11~.~ti,Hl con11_;:-ctc I
witlt the establisltmcnt of liglac-1101\~~:1. 111 the
Strnits is of course .ll1c · eqi~_11:1c:1 atte11di.11'.!,·
their erection a.11tl' ·maintenance. 011 11.i,\
°\ ~o OS!-·r ;oJag_~ down:;th~·· Stra!t9:7-:-_lbat bcin
'a pte<r'ut)<>ri whf~h the. presenl"e o/1' li~li~
on the 1pa·ces menlto_oed would_ enable tJ!e,ra
I wilh the· utmott· aafety to <l1spcnae will,
\ To. rai•c' a ium · by- :aibscription __ h~h ; 0 (,!d
•uffice : as we" to -· conslr~~t ligl\'l-hol!S<(, !, on. tJuJ 1ite1 aboY'e . a~ctfiid, as flls~· 1,
0 I 1.,.-re a;·tu,pln of wl1~1 lite ·annual intere.t
· point we Rre without n11y. guide-h11t ! would \ba 1uffreient to defray tl,,i expc~st, -~ve
' have liearcl the coot rated_ ttl about 7 ,.'),)0
dollars for one on: 1!edra Branca-3,000
Ors. for tlut on flam lsla.nJ-11nd lu,OUO
Dr:1. for the Aoliting light on tlie
North Sands. These however are lll'!fC ro1:;,::h
estimates, frumed _tjpon 110 particular datn
and, we shonlcl Sl\'.f< r,ithcr Ufl~lcr ~lia11 nhove
the murk. But .110 j\11:11 approumi1l10,1 c:111 w13
pr~~ume he_ made ~itho~1t r~fer:-nce to llt'.!:se
whose part1culQr nvocat10n 1t . 1.s l? ~upe111_1-
tend such unde,·takihtrs~mnre p1ul1cul11rly ,~,
the case of a· floati1n: lirrht. -It i:1 desiral>le,
I .r k.eeping 'them. up, must ,110 (maginJ '!le
1 bcyon<l the e~tations even. of O the rnVn
I. ur1~11iM-if that· wo.i·· require, 8.S wt"''be'
tieve it would,· not-·~sa· ll11ih an annual tjutf
lay of Sp. <lrs. 6,000 ''and probnhly m9i;e.
We en\ertnin, however, no apprehension! dn
J n o ,
we _sliould: think, tlpt.t e~ti.motcs by-a comp~-
tent person should 1.be .. l~id before the public
with as little delay as poss1lilo: au<l every req11isite
me.ins t~ke1.~ lo ahe.w with!n whut Ii-
- mira tl1e. 11ndertak1?g mav he tin1lly and
succei~fully · completed. With respect lo ti~~:
expen!tes o~ ma~nt~,~~
1
c-e ·11n<l supenntendnucq
· afler:thc lio-ht-hou~ ahoul<l be conatr.ucted,
. tl1ere is no~oubt' w believe that the Gov~~..; .
ment iu India· would provide the requ111te
fu,uh by imposing ~ tonn,,ge duty, upon tho.
"numerc1u1 vc11el• whrch annually pan through ·
. th& .ij~it., 1,nd · \>~tly. puh•ps. by a amal~.
a.ax,! ap,oh ··_th~··'0t11ucn Trade, wfuch:to 1aahi
an ·;tmnaeo~ ulue I, yitrly conYO,ed down . '~ &fut, ot,At.racelt . Tbe lOnDl.f' duty OR' .,...[. wou le) 'Mulnt l'o ho "•11 moJorato lo at- ·
d,r to p,oYk!I' ·• 'fC,'J ron11Jer•~.1e fund fur u..,
porpc»t-enc.l wo1:1I~ ·l.ot~•• be mON ~ lwlJ,:
· •~• up .. b7 .,,mt, ··ti .. '. 1\n.10 an.cl trou•·.
bl4 · of.: a!t!'tt! , ,~~~1~ .. 1;1 . . ~tJ J•~?
that score-the e$labliMimc:11t of these li.,1 1,!t
would prove, of such i,~timable allvanfii~e
to &bipptu~- ~at 11 genera.I voluntary co11trjbul1on
for the purpose~ from that so1ir~e
would, we are sure, rnn be wantin~vc~, ;\f
Govc:rnment should not intcrpOjC wiLl1 recri~bLions
Lo ~ure it •.
ANNEX MM 34
"The Horsburgh Memorial", Singapore Free Press, 5 April 1838
Singapore Free Press
Dated : 5 April 1838
CHINA
THE HORSBURGH MEMORIAL
TO WILLIAM STANLEY CLARKE, ESQ. AND THE MEMBERS OF THE
COMMITTEE TO THE HORSBURGH MEMORIAL, LONDON.
Canton, 19th January, 1838
Gentlemen,
The active and judicious means you have taken to further the view of the General
Committee in raising funds for the purpose of erecting a lasting tribute to the memory of
one who toiled through a long life for the benefit of his fellow creatures, meets with the
sincere thanks and warmest approbation of your fellow labourers at Canton in so pleasing
a task. The only point on which our feelings appear not to be unanimous is respecting the
manner on which that tribute should be paid. Your purpose that it should be a monument
erected in St.Paul's or Westminster Abbey, - we, that it should be a Light House on one of
those spots through which, surrounded with all its difficulties, he has traced a safe and
comparatively easy navigation. It is true that, by placing his monument with those of our
illustrious dead, you accord him that place which he held among the living, but there it
would end. The Chisel of the artist would be admired while the deeds of the man would
be passed over in silence and neglect. We have already invited all nations to join us in our
undertaking, and we look to America, Holland, and France with the most sanguine hopes.
We submit then our opinion to you ; whether we should not take into consideration the
character of the man who has immortalized himself, and to whose memory we can only
add a tribute of esteem; and if so would it not be a greater testimony of gratitude to
follow a course in unison with the feelings which animated that benevolent being while
alive by building a Light House on some spot where ships are constantly going on shore,
that he may still be instrumental for the benefit of mankind in saving many a ship from
destruction. By this you will perceive it is our wish to adhere to the plan which we
originally proposed, but as a proof of our anxiety to co-operate with you, we will
originate a subscription for the furtherance of your views in hopes that many of this
community will join in it, and, in return, we beg to solicit that you will use your influence
to procure subscribers to co-operate with us in the view we have taken. In reply to the
apprehension expressed in your letter of not being able to procure sufficient funds for the
object we have in view, we venture to call your attention to the extent of the subscription
already received and to remind you that even upon your plan of limiting subscriptions
from individuals to one guinea, leaving firms and public bodies unlimited, there will be
no occasion for supposing that a sufficient sum will not be procured for the erecting of
one light house at least. The spot we propose for the first is Pedra Branca, and the list of
vessels which have been lost and stranded there in a short space of time, the names of
which we subjoin for your information, will, we think, influence you considerably in
giving us all the aid you can, and fully explain the motives which guide us.
We have the honor to remain,
Your most obedient Servants,
(Signed)
William Jardine,
John Hine,
William Bleakin
Lancelot Dent,
E. C.Bridgman,
Dadhabhoy Rustomjee,
J.Archer,
List of vessels above referred to: Nova Desada, Sylph, Pascoa, Lord Amherst,
Ruby, Lord W. Bentinck, Glenelg, Ardasseer.
i
111e Horsburgh Memorial. In another column we have copied the letter recently
addressed by the Committee for the Horsburgh Memorial here to that in London, in
answer to one received by the former from the latter. It will be seen from this letter that
the Committee in London differ in opinion from that in Canton as to the manner in which
the memory of Horsburgh is to be honored, and that in London it is proposed to erect a
monument either in, St. Paul's church or Westminster Abbey, while here the Committee
persist in the wishes expressed at the meeting where the first collections for the memorial
were made, viz. of erecting a Light House at Pedra Branca, and if sufficient funds can be
obtained, others at spots equally dangerous to navigators in the straits of Malacca. We
have, from the beginning espoused the view of the matter taken not only by the
Committee alone but by all the Chinese subscribers in general with but few if any
dissentients, nor do we see reason to change our opinion on the subject. We are well
aware that few can have stronger claims than Horsburgh, whose life was devoted to the
benefit of not only his own country but that of every nation, to have a monument erected
to the honor of his memory among the most illustrious of his countrymen, and will think
the call of the Committee upon the residents here to give their aid to that purpose will be
willingly responded to, but we do not think that, to effect this, the original intention of the
subscribers ought to be relinquished, nor do we think can any thing be devised more in
consonance with the tenor of the life of the illustrious dead, than to render, through the
respect shewn to his memory, even by his death, a lasting and signal benefit to navigation
which owes so much to his knowledge and zeal when alive. The Horsburgh light house
will recall the memory of the departed hydrographer oftener to the mariner than his
stately marble in St. Paul's, and call to his mind the gratitude he owes to a man whose
memory even has lessened the dangers of his adventurous calling. Besides the advantages
which the plan of the Committee at Canton has over that in London as far as utility is
concerned, we may also point out that· some additional weight is due to their opinions, as
in Canton the project of a Horsburgh memorial was first conceived, and found such favor
with the community in general that, though our society is so very limited in numbers, the
subscriptions already collected here amount to the respectable sum of drs 4,220 - a sum
alone sufficient to cover a considerable part of the building of a light house on Pedra
Branca, & much. greater, in proportion, we believe, than those collected at any other
place.
From the Canton Press of the 10th ultimo, we insert in a preceding column a letter
addressed by the Canton Committee for the HORSBURGH MEMORIAL, to a similar
body for the same purpose in London; from which it appears that the latter give the
preference to the erection of a monument in St. Paul's or Westminster Abbey, in
commemoration of the great hydrographer, instead of Light-houses to aid navigation in
this part of world, as first suggested by the Committee of Canton, where the scheme for a
Memorial was originated. In the views expressed in the letter we fully concur, as also in
the observations on the subject by the Editor of the Canton Press, which we also quote.
Further contributions may be made for the erection of, "storied um, or animated bust,"
but the primary object we think should be the establishment of Light-houses as originally
proposed, and as according so well with the character of HORSBURGH's services to
mankind at large. Probably so large a sum would not have been contributed at Canton,
except upon the understanding that the subscription was to be applied to the latter
purpose, which must, we presume, be more expensive than any tribute in marble which
would be deemed necessary or appropriate. Subscriptions to a consideration amount
have also been made at Bombay for the purpose announced by the Canton Committee
for the Memorial, - and besides, what interest have subscribers in France, Holland and
America, where the Committee are so sanguine of support, in the erection of a monument
to HORSBURGH in St Paul's or Westminster Abbey, compared with the establishment
of Light-houses to facilitate navigation in dangerous seas which their ships are constantly
traversing?
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TQ :,-,y f.r:.J,K\.-'~ . st,~s.t~,·- l: f.:XnKEi;·:·. :i~~11:.;--.. A·-~ D i·ri .. i
-;°i\Jui ~-t.ri/.b~ .]ri'i I•:, Co.,.r -\Il_Tf t-.t~ .~:;11 J~ '·H.<JHS:._·. ..
: ·ll u·n-r.n.~ "·}.-1 ~:·M ?-r~ u !~, J1<!·~·~¾.N !. · · · _.. , . _ . ! .. C'~tjt~~ri_l',':j gjh.-:., ~-· l'u.a!\y ·1 _83 S.
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·.fo. f\,n.htr(: J11i:{, ·:t,•lthvs· '<J.f ,'lhe . <)t~iH~r;~l. ·C6in111iHt!e iii
:. 1 :\JJi:j\~.//-f•_•11_~h.: ... .: fi~fi.].:fh'e: ·t >t•_i"ri_d~~·-.· of. :_e1;(•_ •tii!g. '.ii· _b~~•n·i
Jpuut~:=1<)'· \1re: ;n:1.~~•hPr..v::, o.(· l~!\,!_ wJw_:.:to~· l_~~r.l t,bron~_.d, ·a
J'oiw·1ifefo'f·t.h~ ... 61!·\?.'fit ~r -liiJ !llo,❖'·c.;: ·•Ji~fres-· ,i·h.,e.1; • -,~f1irJfJ~,: . ~fW*r~I~;{ ,:(ihk/;li.•;~( ,~,~~:i::1\_e·~~ . )j1:19:u·1-;'ati·o,;_(l :~;, Jt\~.ri~if ff st:r,~~;1~,t~~~'.t::~::;~~ ·1
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1i:~--)~'~?-_:~.t~t;
. μ.r:.,t,l(!~~l~.lO~O~S ,}Si :rhre~~:~'(?,' the-.~~-a~me ·. :u~.-.'.i\<v.l~1d~ fh_;1 ~
:_tn9~.,_te ~holrl_~l l)eJ1~11L,, ;·~~u purp~se t}l:a,.~ 1~ should
--~~.,./i(~lci!:~·wn_ent:~rh{e:ll __ i.n.;$.t~'.- J.-\{~1{.f .~--~•:: r'1?s~,i~l'~,s~11·.
-/~P~e .. qr·~~ve,: .. _lh~tJt sho~1ld. l,~ .1: ·l.1gl,t :1J!iU.5C·. cJn_ one
o.f tl)o:S~;:spotS ·lhhlllJ:?,h wlfi:e.li;. :s.iJrto"l.lri< eJf wh~ .:d 1- il~
-di(ij·cu.liies_;: JH• -l1i1~- li'-4_c-ed -~ safo· .. a-~1d ! ~on~p~~:ht.i~d y
-eit~y naiiig:~ti~~t '. -~r iL,tr;ite, ~lmt~. ~>y 1H:1C!fog- his m.9-
riui~·e11y _,v'it;l('thds9:of :~\1_~ .il(_~~t'~~~u~. -~££i~--~,. yo~ ;~H:~
Ot-'d. ·liHI_t :t_h~t placc.1 whrch. he held .i:"n~•~g .. thP -hvm"g,
· ·llut·· thr?re·.: it \\;Oo Id. end ... · /fhe. clihfel' of the artist
-·~fo.~1},f;pi:aq n1i_tt:1Jt_~,•hflc.• ti1~: cl~ids ~)f Jiie 11)itn .. wo1-1~a
J>.e. _·.passed.- uyt•i'·_ 1~u· s1 !r;n9q. ·a11cl 11cg1pcl. V-✓ t! have
-~~'Uf~1(l_y. hi~•hed·aifl n:'1Lioiis-to.join._t'1# r.ii.·0_11r liO~C!r-.
·_(ii-~higl -·~li1i,(;\:.;_e [J,;tik , fo:_ 1\ir!erid,; ll.fq1Ja11J~ -~i.i1_d .
.fritnh; f·'.Hh·fh:.~· nj·nst.>~angui1.w ·1u5_p.e: . .. ?le .::ub;i,iL
t1'1.1.?lf <Ji:11;' Q1 :'frji 01j .(,o .__ y i).il 1: ,~, hcilhc •. we :=i H> ~ild not I; 1 :-:.~
. _i'ii !O: (O'ii\hfofi1.i,i1) :. _the< ci.h:~i:ac~~el' . of th ... 1i1a ;l who .. ha;-;.
i1i1.r.iii;lrt,ilizc!d l1_irnsc:!f, · ~rncl.' 1.0, \~·ho~r!·)~1_f~rnory. \Vt~ Call
orily :idJ. a.. fril.rtil<! of: esledn ;-: ~ndj ·if so, would it
IHH" be,H. gre(iter· testi"tj1_on.y.of g_ratitutfo Jo follow,a
·to,~:1.'3e .. ·i11 · u_nison. wiU1 -·_the<f~~lit·)'i5 1"~•!'.:_h ,,ni1i1:~le<l.
_tl1::ct Le11e,1ole1~l )1e:mg wlule :nhve _ll:f, I.Juildrng _a Ltglit
1-lvu-,~.-Qn ·somr: spo~ wher~· iH1Tf>'s 0:Nf :constanly g-0_.
:i.n~·.nri ~hore; cl_iat he ·may· st Ht_ . l,~ i11sfr1m1~nt:.fl fo'r
the ·1>ct1r:fil :·or:w,a1"1ki11d in savfog" ff)'~lH)' ,t·ship fron}
dts(ruttiun: H_y. . thfa :· yoli_: \~·ill°.- perc~i.ve i.L i:3 Otll'·.
,vi:,li. to. ?clhei't: to t lie· i1lmJ. ,vhich _. w~ -originally" pto-.
pos.cfd, · bt1t. ,is a l!iToof of· ol"ir_ · arixfoty to·._ co~operate
,vi1h .yoi1, _,vc wilt· or_ig·-iri;.1:te .. ti ·sl1~sc-riptiofl fo1~· th~
.fn~lhr::ra11ce . of yo·1:r ficws · i_n "Jiopes. ·that .1tfai1y of.
this . c:ommunity ·,yill join. ·in-.if, -and, .iri -rei1.frn,. ·we
beg Jo.: solicit. that. you win ·. use. :jCHlr iu"fluei\ce
.to procure S\l l_)S.Cribel':i to:· c~7·011e'l'afo wit!~ tr~ iti the
vi~w ·we hav·e takefl. ___ In ~eply to the :i_p'prel-~erisiori
iexj)ress~d _ii1 _your ·!e.He_r :Qf-not ·ueio~ :~lile-·to pr,oc.(1re
:_1,\\ffi.cienl fund~ fol· tire: ·ohjec"t · w~-li-a9e · in v._iewi we_
·veothre fo 'call ,Y.OUI; a:tle),itio:n . ·10 the' -eit.errt of the
_subscriμ•tio1) already receiv~d at1d· ·fo. ~~fmi(id- :you that
e·ver-i' lt.pori .-youi· "pln:n. _of. litni#ntf -~~,~-~cr.iptfon"s fr,1m
indj"vicfoals_. to· one _gurnea,. l~a9·u1g. ftriits", ancl p-t1blic
bodies- u11lirnite_d;- the-r~ vdH b~: rio:_<rcea:"_ioμ fo'r shp.::
ptj:;;ing tl~at~·shffi~f~nt ._sum _·wi~l-,not-· ~e·_-·p16~4ted' for -
th'e. (!°fr.cling: ·of one __ )i"gJi( h_iJ°bse;at l~~st~ '<Th_e.: s'.p.ot
,v~·pr~post'.\_ fot the--'fh_s·l i_-,_ Pedta· n~a)l~UJ·• ~~d{~le'. tist_
of.vessets·~\\·l-1ich -'hav~ ·hee,'i"· lo:st- iU~lt~tfan<led: ·-ibe1~~.ih
~\ ~l1'9it_ spac:e of ti"r,'1~, J~lC:- 1~:i.i:01-es .of ivl\ich. sve::R'i,μ-~hj:
foi; '.)'our :inf~rirn~tfo~1, ~vHJ, : ~v(-;:,tJ>i!1-k,. ii.~fl;4~ti~
.)'09 _::c_Oi i~l~ (i;·d~I y iri ·. givii1 g \l~ :_~:,tqfe.'_a}cl :j1q~~~c'an}a-:
1dJu ll j1-cii 1:1laii} ·ll1e_ nroti'v·es \fhi;ch. g~id~ ti's_~-.· •. .
. ,te. have .ii_{c ho.n·Qr.·_:tc{-rem~fo,,,.: , .
: . Yi,ur-:.,n1rist·\1hedfont. Serva-lits:~-;-
. . . . . ,(:~-ii&.~4~) ', . . . . ..
WH-limh: Ja r·~Tn~,: ~- _. ·
lolin Jlin9,.· :· : · ·
\Y'. Hliar.h : l· ll·. e..r.ik..i n': (.: ·
,· ...: ~~)~f! ff li M~J;J; . ·•..
. ·. -List of:vEfssels-jaffove,deTefi::e.d .to :-: .. -. , ,. ·h;~~:~:~Jh~;:~:z!;;~i~t~~~:}::::::~. ,~~ hav_e;'_co.pi~dith~J~)J~i•_:·_1~~~11tlf}f~?:i'.~-~~,R.::.::~'l.:the
Comm1t\ee .. for _:the, .Jf<>t~hucglt'.. ~:O.it_?'r.\a,t;J~?.t~. l°.,
that in io1Jd.on~. r~•.a'riswei·. fo :4.i:ifd:~tj~iv:ef.~t}ijy-'".tl{~
·fcfrmei· .. froii\.>- th~ -latrer .. ·. It wHl"btt :see'iidrohi itlii~~
f~~frjhat-,,the. Cotiln~itte:c(-i~ _.:j;jo,146~-{41:n'~}(},_i_:~:i)i;_
nicrn frciin that in Cni:itq·n ns-to_1he· foa1foe1~::'fo Mii~I~
tlm.:m:cmorf of ~loi·sburgh.-_iS\lO··b¢_.,fr~1jcfre~:;_ anci
_tl _irit 'i1\ Lo·i,<lo,n ·it _i!i · pro1idse<l ·• fo ·e1:ect. μ· _ 1ij~i_1June11t
1.i_11 l-ier rn St. P:1.1i_l 'ii . qhifr~h μ·:· W_e~n~1h1s te.fj\~bey,
whilt! her<? ·-the ~om1tjht~e pr.rsist in the -\,•.i~he~•.ex,.:.
\J_l'essc<J: at" the rnee.tiri1( where . th~·. (ir~t . c9Jlec_(;g1ht
for 1he. memo1·ial·. wei'e · made; . vii. ~f- er~.c~f~g }l.
. Light .House. at Ped_ra Bl'a11ca·, . ait9 · .if ._:s.~ifficieut
fui_ids can be obtain~d, .othe,·s at spois eq~~l}y dan~
gerous t-o na_vigator!i h'dhe. Sll'ails_ <?f Mal.icca/ .. \1/e,
have-, from th~ beginning espou·sed . the. vi<t~v_ of ·the
matt~,· taken not only by the· Coirimi~~~e:-:'~lore .bt~~
by all the ChiiYese _ subscribers in : gener~LjvJ_th but
few if any i:lissentieuts, 11or do we ~ee.. ~~SOI\ t~
"han·ge oμr opinion on tire sul?Ject .. ·. V'{e_ ~r~-well
:lW;1re that. (ew Cllll have slrnnger 'claims. tnao·:. Hal's.:.
bur~h; whos'e fife \\',\S devoted ·lo the beue°fi1 of nbt
'on_ly liis own C~lllll_i·.y ,but that -·~t ;~very ·~ati_o;l; to
hove a monument erected to the ho110F of hls me~
mr,ry urno11g the most illustrious of his · cciuntry.:.
men, ancl we think the call of the Co~i;rliltee. upo11
t·he resid.ents h~r~ to give -thei1· aid_· to th&t purposa
,viii he will_ingly responded to, ·b~t we ~h-~ot rniiik
that, to effec:t thi~; the ot_igimtl ir1tenti9ri o( t_lie .sub~
scmbei's 011ght to be relii)quishe<l, ·1101' do ·w~ tl,ink
can any thing be devised more in conscinaii'ce \viU1
the tenor of the life of the illt1strious <le;id, than to
l'ellc.lei-, thl·ough . tlie respect ·she-.vn to _his rriemiiry;
e\·e11 by hi~ death, n · 1a~ting and signii,l Qea:ieftt lo,
n/\\'igation which O\ves so much lo his _k.-iowleug•!
~f11d. ieal whei1 alite .. The Horsburgh li~lit l1u1.1s~
\'viii recall the memory of the <lepil•·ted. hydr_ogmpheL·
oftener to the marine_r than h~s stately rnarhlc i11 ·St.
Pau 1 •~, and ta.II lo his minQ -the gratiiude he owes to
u mnn whose memory even has lesscme<l the dunger·s
of his ~idventuroug calliugi Besides th£:> adyantages
which the pliln of the Con\mitiee 1il Ca11tori has ovtfr.
t4at in loud on a~ far as i.iti!ily" is concenied, we may
also poi11t ont Lhut some additional wei~ht is <lue to
theil' opinions, as in Cantqn the project of a Ilol's:..
J,,.,rgh 111cniol'ial was first co11ceivcd 1 and fo~nd sucli
fa \' 1~.r v1·ith the commu1iity it-i. g_ent!rnr that, tho11~ll
our so1.;ie1y is so very lirnite<l in n(linbei·s, Lh.S s111J-
1;r:riptio11s ulready collected her~ arnou11t to the respe,~
tal,le sum of drs. 4,'2°-26-a ~um nlo1ie s11flic_ie11t
lo :-:over a considerable pa_it _of ~he b11iidi11g of a ligltt
l1ou.=.e on PC;dra 131·,rnca., & rirnch gr"e'.iter, i11 propor\
inn,. v:e believe; than thofa coll~cte<l at a.11,~ <>ihe1.·
pbce .. /
.•·
--- r rOOl t.h·c· Canttt'IC. Prm or the ·1 Olla ·ultimo
,re •io~eat in it_J,~~'llip\; :co~~i~~-a ltller 11/
cf rN~d · by . d1~. Cant.do -Comm,ttte . for ti,.'!
Jto•~BUKOJI M ~xo_i!~L to a 111nilir body for
the aame pU{pose in loHJon; from which it
1pp~:1rs tliat "tlie T~ttf'T gite the- "prererenc·e lo
the erection ·of· a monument in St. ·Pllul'a or
. w~stmiMter .AW>e)·, iu oommenior-•lioh of. the.
peJl. !•y_d'QJ'"a~\,er,. iu~e•~ or .\..iglit~hoμses lo
a.i<l ~av1gitl~Ot\ I~_ tl11a p~rt of lhe \VOrld, ,u_ firH _
111~ted ·by the Conumttce ·oT G.tNton, \T!1ere
-t~• schtaie for a McDWti..tl w1u origi.nated. In
u,e "view. ur~sed in lltt leUer we (ully COIi •
cur, at alw iu th& ohtet.uti?•!I un the aulJjcct
by tl!f> ~it~r. l)_r tlac_ C.e;rnt_on .P.,:cs,, ,wliid,. we_
rho qnott.· Furt!•cr c.-011ttih,!tions• may l~e
1t1a.de fof tbe erccuo11 of "stont'.U urn, or nni•
11mted busr; • uul ~l,c iui,uary oujecL we think
tbould Le· &.he· ealllblaaluneut. of Light-houses
n• orii,innlly propPac~. nrul os 1tcco1<ling so well
"·ith the characccr of Ho,u'Jmnou's services l'>
ru11ukind al Jorge. Prphably so. large a sum _I
1u,u!d not. have been contribul<.'d ttl Canton,
ucrpt u~n the u1u.ltri.t.amJi11g tl111.t the aubacription
mu to be applied to tl,e l.i.tler pijr•
1;Me, which mu,t, we pre,ume, h_e n,ore expenai,
·e than nny tribute iu_marbJe· \Vhich would
be deemed necest:ary or appropri4te. Sub- .
1crip<ions·. to a considerable amo_u,,t have a~~o
bc1:u made at Bombay · (or tl1e purpo~. an-
11ountecl · by the· Ctinton C'"t>~mtt:ree . for the .
}lrmorit\l,-1\l)d iu,det. tvhat ·iuteresf· l1ave
511bsrrilieu in- Franc_e, Holland and_ America,
,fliert the Committea are so 1i11gui111 of aup• ,
port, in tl!e erc<'lio~, ~r a monument lo Ho1ts- ·
isunc;u in St. ~11~l's_ or \Vest1nintler. Aubey,
compared with the esht.blishm~·nl .of LiglitJ,
ouses to f1SCilitate navigation in <langerous
1t'a! wliicb their ~hips are conslo.~tly ·traversing?
ANNEX MM 35
Letter from Jardine Matheson & Co., Treasurer to the China Fund
for a testimonial to the memory of the late James Horsburgh
Esqre, care of Messrs. John Purvis & Co, Singapore, to Governor
S.G Bonham Esqre, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore
and Malacca, 1 March 1842
Macao
The Hon 'ble S. G. Bonham Esqre.
Hon 'ble Sir,
Governor etc etc
Singapore
We beg to acquaint you that we hold in our hands a sum
amounting with interest to Spanish Dollars Five thousand five hundred and
thirteen 50/100 ($ 5513.50/100) arising from a public Subscription collected
in China with some small additions from India, In the years 1836 - 37, for the
purpose of erecting a testimonial to the memory of the late celebrated Mr.
James Horsburgh.
At a general meeting of the subscribers, a wish was
expressed that the contributions should, if possible, be devoted to the building
of a Light House, bearing the name of Horsburgh, on Pedra Branca, at the
entrance of the China Sea, but nothing definiti\te was resolved on.
As this is a design which can only be carried into effect
and maintained under the immediate auspices of the British Government, we
beg to express our readiness to hand over the above amount to you in the hope
that you will have the goodness to cause a Light House (called after
Horsburgh) to be erected either on Pedra Branca, or on such other locality as
the Government of the Hon 'ble East India Company may deem preferable.
The amount is far from adequate; but we trust the well
known munificence of the Hon 'ble Company will supply what additional funds
may be wanting for an object of such eminent public utility, intended at the
same time, to do Honor to the memory of one of the most meritorious of their
servants.
1st March 1842
}
}
We have the honor to be etc
(Signed) Jardine Matheson & Co.
Source:
Treasurer to the China Fund for a testimonial to the
memory of the late James Horsburgh Esqre.
Care of Messrs John Purvis & Co. Singapore
Military Department (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NA/, New Delhi India
ANNEX MM 36
Letter from Governor S.G. Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca to Jardine Matheson & Co.,
Treasurer to the China Fund for a testimonial to the memory of
the late James Horsburgh, 4 April 1842
[No. 13 of 1842]
No. 13
To Messrs Jardine Matheson & Co.
Treasurer to the China Fund
for a testimonial to the memory
of the late James Horsburgh Esq re.
Gentlemen,
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
of the 1st Ultimo, and in reply to inform you that a copy thereof will be
fonhwith transmitted for the information of the Right Hon 'ble the Governor
General of India in Council, with a recornmunication on my pan, that a Light
House to be called the Horsburgh Light be erected on Tree Island or on some
other adjacent spot which may be deemed by Mariners more desirable with
funds of which the contribution so obligingly offered by you should form a pan,
to be afterwards kept up at the expenses of the Hon'ble East India Company.
A Light House on Pedra Branca would no doubt form a
more thrilling object than one on Tree Island - but an edifice of this description
would nevenheless be much more useful on the latter than on the former site
can be maintained with greater cenainty and at a smaller expense - advantages
which will I hope be admitted as fully counterbalancing the more prominent
locality afforded by Pedra Branca.
Singapore,
4th April 1842.
}
}
Source:
(True Copies)
(Signed) S. G. Bonham
Governor.
Military Depanment (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NAJ, New Delhi India
I have etc
(Signed) S. G. Bonham
Governor
ANNEX MM 37
Letter from J.T. Thomson, Government Surveyor to Governor S.G.
Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca, 1 May 1842
To The Hon 'ble S. G. Bonham Esqre.
Sir,
Governor of Prince of Wales Island
Singapore and Malacca
I beg to have the honour of laying before you plans Nos. 1, 2
and 3 for a Light House proposed to be erected on Barn Island, which
considering the distance from Town, from whence all the materials must be
sent, · together with the difficulty of getting carpenters and masons who are so
fully employed at the numerous works carrying on at Singapore, cannot cost
less than Twenty Thousand, Twelve Thousand and Five Thousand respectively.
These different sums do not include the making of the framing for the light
room windows and lamps. As it would be better for Government to order these
from England, I have written out the following description of them:-
The framing of Light rooms and windows ought to be glazed with
the best Plate glass accompanied with duplicates in Case of Breakage.
The Light should be from oil with Argand burners, placed in the
focus of silver plated reflecters, hollowed with accuracy to the parabolic curve.
These reflecters of which there are six, ought to measure 18 to 24 inches over
the Lips, and the Lights would be powerful enough to be seen seven leagues in
clear weather.
In order to distinguish the Light from the many fires that are kept
burning on the adjacent Islands by Malays, the lamp should be made to revolve
by machinery alternately showing a light of bright yellow and red. This is
effected by placing plates of stained glass before the lamp and thus showing a
Light of the same color as the glass interposed to the observer.
Singapore
1st May 1842
Source:
}
}
} (True Copy)
(Signed) S. G. Bonham
Governor
Military Depanment (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NAJ, New Delhi India
I have the honour to be etc
(Signed) J. T. Thomson
ANNEX MM 38
Letter from Governor S.G. Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca to G.A. Bushby, Secretary to
Government, Fort William, 23 July 1842
Genl. Dept.
{No. 93 of 1842]
(Copies)
No. 93 of 1842
From The Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca.
To G.A. Bushby Esqre.
Sir,
Secretary to Government,
Fon William,
Dated Singapore 23d July 1842.
Referring to letters from your Office dated 6th February and 13th
November 1839, I have the honor to forward for the infonnation and Orders
of the Hon 'ble the President in Council, Copy of a letter to my address from
the Treasurer to the China Fund for a testimonial to the Memory of the late J.
Horsburgh Esqre, together with my reply thereto.
2d. The sum placed at the disposal of the Government from the
China Horsburgh Fund amounts to 5513 Dollars, the estimated expense of the
Turret forwarded in Mr. Commissioner Young's letter of the 9th November
1838, amounted to 3650, Dollars which, should the Plan suggested by that
Gentleman be adopted will leave a balance of 1863 Dollars for the purchase
of a Lantern or Revolving Light.
3d. As however the sum subscribed in China was intended for the
erection of a handsome Building in honor of the Memory of the deceased Mr.
Horsburgh, I may be perhaps espoused in proposing that the whole sum
subscribed should be entirely set a pan for that purpose, and that the
Inhabitants of this Settlement, be required to find funds for the Lantern or
revolving Light and that the Government afterwards undenake to uphold it at
the expense of the State.
4th. Ram Island, the site where it is proposed to erect the Building
is about 16 miles from Singapore, and the Inhabitr;znts of the neighbouring
1
Singapore
Islands might, if the Establishment for its Superintendence was not tolerably
strong be induced to attempt to plunder it, and again as the knowledge of the
existence of this Light will doubtly induce Ships to come thro · the narrow
Straits at night, it is absolutely essential that the Light should every night be
in perfect Order. I am of opinion therefore that if the Government is pleased
to undertake the erection of the proposed Light House, and to maintain the
Light at the expense of the State, an Establishment of the following extent will
be necessary:-
5th.
1 Superintendent ............................... .
6 Natives ... @ 12 each ..................... ..
Oil Cotton etc etc .............................. .
Company· s Rupees
Rs. 75.00
" 72.00
" 53.00
200.00
Under this view of the case, I have directed three other Plans to
be prepared which I herewith forward, the most suitable in my opinion being
that Estimated to Cost 5000 Dollars, the balance of the sum subscribed in
China Viz. 513 Dollars might be expended in procuring a suitable Lantern from
England, and if found insufficient, subscriptions should be set on foot at this
place to make up the deficiency.
6th. Should Government be pleased to receive the Funds now tendered
from China, the expense of upholding it ought certainly to be borne by the
Inhabitants of this place which might be collected by the imposition of a charge
of 4 Rupees for the Port Clearance of each square Rigged Vessel anchoring in
the Roads as well as Junks from China and Siam and one half the amount on
Native Boats graduated to their respective sizes.
7th. I have been unable to submit this matter for the consideration of
the Government earlier as I have only this day received the reply of the
Chamber of Commerce at this Settlement.
23d July 1842
}
}
I have the honor to be etc.
(Signed) S. G. Bonham
Governor of Prince of W. Island
Singapore and Malacca.
Source: Military Department (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NA/, New Delhi India
2
ANNEX MM 39
Letter from G.A. Bushby, Secretary to the Government of Bengal
to Governor S.G. Bonham, Governor of Prince of Wales Island
Singapore and Malacca, 31 August 1842
[No. 852 of 1842)
(No. 852)
To S. G. Bonham Esqre
Sir,
Governor of Prince of Wales Island
Singapore and Malacca
I am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter
No. 93, dated the 23d July last, and enclosures, relative to a proposition for
the erection of a Light House at Barn Island, as a testimonial to the memory
of the late Mr. James Horsburgh, with your recommendation that the
Government be at the expense of maintaining the Light, and that for this
purpose a fund be collected by a duty on Vessels anchoring in the Roads, Junks
etc. at Singapore - the Building to be erected with the money subscribed in
China for the Testimonial, and the lantern, or revolving Light, to be found by
the inhabitants of Singapore.
2. The Hon 'ble the Deputy ·Governor directs me to refer you
to the opinion of the Coun of Directors as expressed in Para: 20 of a Dispatch
in the Marine Depanment, dated 4th September 1839, copy of which
accompanied Mr. Secretary Prinsep 's letter dated the 13th November quoted
by you in your present lener, and to state that the objection expressed there,
and in other communications from the Hon 'ble Court to the levying of Harbour
and Anchorage duties, and the importance which the Hon 'ble Court and the
mercantile community of Great Britain attach to the preservation of perfect
freedom of Trade at Singapore, preclude His Honour from entenaining the
proposition now submined for imposing a Pon Duty on vessels visiting
Singapore.
3.
returned.
Fort William
The three plans received with your letter are herewith
The 31st August 1842
}
}
I have the honour to be etc
(Signed) G.A. Bushby
Secy to the Govt. of Bengal
Source: Military Department (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NAI, New Delhi India
ANNEX MM 40
Singapore Free Press, 25 May 1843
Singapore Free Press
Date: 25th May, 1843
=4f~
Pu.ACT, -The fr~uenl aml reg:uhir occurrence
or •co ol P1nc:y in the .immtdia,s
neighbourhood o( Siniapore, 111<l the acrioua
Jou of lif•- and pcopcrlJ wi1b which thcf ue
almost inuri1bly a.Hrndcd actmt to ca I for
,omo meana being: adopttd without delay for
putting a llop to 1uch. pra;ti~41, .,hi~h m~at
otl1enYi1e, if unrernc<l1cd, 1nfltcl • ac, 101.11 1r1 -
jury oa the natin trade of tht1 ('<>rt. During
the latt three montht we havtr recorded five
_ caie1 or pir•cJ, but for auii:111 we k:now thry
, m ... y not be h .. 1r of what hue hkCII plolc,:, -
indeed we 1binlr. it highly prol.iat,\e th •l many
: cnu artr no•"r mat.le known to lhtr aulhori-
1 lit::~ here at all. Out of thci lhe J unlr.1 1ll111cked
there weu1 ■ ix men lr.illct.1 & 13 woun.l,d,
a large nu'mber when wo co,ui,ler the 11111tllncu
or the Crew, with whid1 thc1e j U II K• •ro
generallr manned .. T!~CI pla.cu and 1.1~uds
n·ear wluch thcae ptrac1u ue moat fre411ently
committed and w bere tho plre,te, go. for
1heht1r Aud conculment, ,uch a, Pulo fin-
1.(liie, Batu Putch, l;'oint Romania ,'(. c , 1Hc II II
within the 1t:1 rilorit:s of our wt::11 hcluvcJ 1tl1 y
and· pcn,ionnrJ, the Sultau o( Johore,
or rather or thei Tomungong or Johore, for he
is' thl" _ rettl Sovereign .Indeed we belitve thd
iLi1 well known beyond a douul that all the
pi°rates v.l1ose· prQeeeJing• alm~t weekly
1 cnuse ·io much vex~tion 111.ud truuule to.the
A ;H hori;ie1 htre are 1111.ijecta dr lho Kii1gdom
uf Juhore The. proper cour,e to be purn1eJ
is 1herefore plain and ob,iona. Let the To
·mungong be called upon by the ':)o~ernmen_l
. lo IHCfCUl his . auhj~cts ro, co.ntrnu tng their
· pir1,tica.l prac1ices ,rnJ ~o pu 111,;h those wl~o
· c,1,wot but be· known to him as purauio9 1lus
. ,u·oc-ation. · HI! ci:m bnre no difficulty 10 as-.
i c-crt,li11i·,i; the ideuti11 of th!'. Piral~_s, if 116·
Joe• 1101 kuo.r them nlreatly, a nil hi:, i-,o-wer
! or the ,iu~eril J or hi:1 dt"sire lu .-irl the i:),it i,h
' A11thoriti,•;1 in criuliin~ lht pir111tea let l1i,n
, uu1ho·, i;ie I hi:t i;ov:erume nt co t,,ke 1 he ne, e.:isary
:neasurcs and giv:e then1 free iuiru,; to
his terrilorie:t 1vi1h lne rl'qui~ile furce. A f.:..v
i,its to $UIUt: uf tl10 ·uwst ·noted hu un,, of the
11ira1e:1; £11\<l the e!ll'A.hli,hrorut of ;J ,Slll;lll Sln~
l io,i with ll few 11epuys or puhce, al one or two
- of the hl,uuh 11nd placrs, 011 Lbe Johore COl\~l
would soon effectually .re11reu nnd cxlirp:tt1J ,
pirBcy. Out if the Tomuu~oui; will uot, eill,er
hy lal.:ing measure, him,elf or tiy .iu-tl,orisin~
the Guvernmenl h6'e to lake :ncaiurt,. iu J, j,.
name and uuder hi.s sancliu11, put a stop 10
the l'iralical μra<:eed tngs or hi,; ~ubjec l:i, theq
we would a1.hise thill the· ·Ouverument. hold
him pe r.1ona\ly respousjbJe, -"'"d hy stop1;i"'&
1,ici muud,ly ull.owatu:e, or. i1 11ei.:e.1,;,,ry hy
otlierwi;ie coercing him tearh him th;it i,!
lin ally 11:11<l one .who ie drawing lhc hou,11y
or 1he Oowernment practicc:1 ou hi, pul iu
that of his su ojecu wil I 11,.,l lie tolerated, which
if done by 011e who 1Va:i u11eo,,11et·_1t!u wi1!1 us
by treaty or a11y other lie wut•lu he "peeJily
cl~clr.et.J, anu pisniJhed H the Tori:i·,ngong
cl!lnnot be b,ought 10 CO•opera.te cQfdtlilly and
dfcctuallJ 1'itb us in the mearnrea for pu1tin~
<lown .,iracy then lhe ue,;l but piitn will bu
that which we moottd some w-eek, -ugonunelJ
lo hue ooe or-lwo ~m~II lion deam~
en in place or IM pruent Gun-boall con-
1untl7 cruhing along the co11.,t of· Jo ..
ltQre a.nd ,itiling the ditfer¢l\l Lilands.:a.nd
onrbauling ao7 11ppicio1:11 Jookjng bO'.ttJ they
mi,J acc. Dut ifl1i1 Hi1;hue$d t.hould by his
onwillingntM or iodiffenoce put ttlt 10. this
upcftff, •~ nnhm1 to hiat 1l11u _as llN" whol;,
mitebiii:r ;,. o-ac1domtd by tlld m1ilprae1ic-ea of
htt Hhject1, it would b. only fair and proper
that M lhould . con1,ib'l!11 to·nrd9 lhe C03t
•Mc:h W()-lllld necuurit7 IJC io-co:r,cJ; :a.nd
·1 our them ia sufficient for pretenlioa or- pu 11- ·
i,h mei. I If he pretc.nch ~ h1H he C'"~1 not tho' ,
h~ 1voulu, JIUl 0. ,sloμ to t!u:ir \HOC<'.eU111i;1 from
• O'olld t\tertfor• propo"· lha.t to '°1,g 1t1 t.ho
l HINJMft &e 1hould be foand neceuary, h.111
' aO'Q It.I 1 aUo .. •n c• 1ho1.11-d ue II fl p I ted to""'. .. rJ_•
, <kk•7i11g 11" uptMO lbertof. Th-e.,o 11 110_
1 1 heir rndqie ndeuce of lai~ rule, _1hen in proof · OO'l>bl ,,,_t 1be Tom\H\gong cou kl if he.plea~ed -_ .
.._ Oflt,t pul eo 100 lo lbc pirate•~ ~n,d thl_s
: ~iaut. lfti,h1g lhc: meau1 in the1~ po~e-t I O'O(M. IA.kti-. ..,.;hi7 ~i•IQ. - , .
lt hos ueeri soggeste<l- to u, tbat u Po?ica _
Tnnna·h al Tnnjon.g Chnngi, beyond th-~ ·2i\tl ·
Reu Cliff w,ould be of conitidcmble.adv1uitag$
tt.d ll check on the pirates w_I10- i:eaid~ in -l""C
quar,er. We Tecommend this lo the auentio!Ji
:of the a-utboriues- who we know are es-·eee,d10~,
ly anx;ous tb~t ev~ry meaua !n Lheir,pmr~-
·shoold &e applied to th~ repr.e~s19n of P,trn<;:y_~
Tlte_ ormation of a good roa~.ulong_the coa~
i11 this dm,ction "01•hl abo malenally pro ...
mote the de1:1ired ot,jecc, ontl we -tberef9re
hope th-ill the line of n:,,1d at- present making
in lhut diM1~tt wiU be continued-~ ~r.4ily
as possible.
ANNEX MM 41
Letter from Edward Belcher, Captain of HMS Samarang to W.J.
Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca, 1 October 1844
*B
Her Majesty's Ship Samarang.
October I st 1844
Sir,
In reply to your communication No. 109 and bearing date
April 20144, requesting an opinion upon the most eligible position for a Light
House in the Straits of Singapore.
I have after very mature consideration, and also from a
recent special survey come to the conclusion: That in pursuance of the intent
of the note "to erect a Testimonial to the Hydrographer James Horsburgh
Esqre. " I am finnly of opinion that it would tend more to the general interests
of navigation if such Testimonial stood upon a position where its benefit would
be generally useful to the navigation of the China Seas as well as these straits.
For the latter object. nature specially presents the
Romania outer Island as the most eligible site, by affording the means of
distinctly avoiding night dangers, ,and thus enabling vessels to sail to and from
Singapore with confidence as well as security.
From a slight inspection of the Chan of the Straits, you
will perceive that a line drawn from the centre of the outer Romania Island to
the tail of Johore Bank would nearly eclipse the light by the intervention of the
nearer Land. Vessels have no business near this line, but, as is frequently
practised in our recent British Light Houses, it is very easy to screen the light
to the safe line, so as to warn vessels in time to shape a safe course. The law
being. either on entering or quitting the straits, to "Keep the Light in Sight"
The_ Navigation immediately past the Light on the
Cardinal points within a short distance is secure. But the vicinity of dangers
is easily made known by the lower panes of the Lantern being fonned of red
glass. at the angle of depression, which would warn in time to haul off
I
The Rail of a Lantern might even be adapted to the same
object, by slightly obscuring the Light by a wire Gauze. If this is placed to meet
the danger of the "Rock awash" the reappearance of the Light after the passing
the danger will reassure the Navigator.
The Island affords good superficial extent for the
construction of a Light House, which should be based as a Manells Tower, and
any chance of surprise from Pirates be obviated by clean scraping to low water
mark. This Lower Tower should be furnished with a sma.ll gun either for
signals or defence. The towers of the Light House springing from its centre.
This would prevent the necessity of any force beyond the Light Keepers and it
is very doubtful if the mere knowledge of a Gun being there mounted, would not
effectually prevent the Pirates from using the Channels in that vicinity.
This Lighthouse may be funher rendered useful by
reponing by signal to vessels passing to Singapore, either the passage of
vessels up the China Sea, or any other infonnation which may be signalled to
it.
Source:
I am etc. etc.
Sigd. Eclwd Belcher Capen.
Military Depanment (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845. No. 5
NAI. New Delhi India
2
ANNEX MM 42
Letter from John Purvis & Co. to Governor W.J. Butterworth,
Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 31
October 1844
*A
· Singapore, JF1 October 1844
To
The Hon 'ble Coll. Butterworth C.B.
Governor etc. etc. etc
Sir,
We have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of
yesterday in which you request us to inform you whether the funds subscribed in China to
the Horsburgh Testimonial are still forthcoming for the purpose of aiding in the erection
of a Light House in the vicinity of Pedra Branca.
In reply we beg to state the order given to us in 1842 by Messrs.
Jardine Matheson & Co. to pay the amount of subscriptions into the hands of
Government here, whenever they would pledge themselves to construct a Light House in
the vicinity of Pedra Branca has not been rescinded.
Source:
We have etc.
(signed) Jhn Purvis & Co.
Military Department (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NAL New Delhi India
ANNEX MM 43
Report of J.T. Thomson, Government Surveyor to Governor W.J
Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca, 20 November 1844
*E
To The Honorable,
Sir,
Colonel Butte,worth C.B.
Governor of P. Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca.
In accordance with your instro.ction that I should proceed
and examine Peak Rock Romania, in order to ascertain the probable cost of
building a Light House thereon, of a constro.ction fitted for the situation and
· whose price should not exceed the limited funds, that have been subscribed for
its erection - also to estimate the cost of laying a substantial base suited to bear
a superstructure of sheet Iron, and further to make the plans (as Jar as
practicable with the limited sum allowed) in confonnity with the
recommendation of Sir Edward Belcher Viz. "ti1at the light House should be
based as a Marbella Tower and any chance of surprise from Pirates be
obviated by clean scarping to low water mark" and lastly to ascertain the
position of the Rock with reference to the Romania Islands, the coast of Johore
and the Island of Singapore:-
I therefore now have the honor of infonning you that
having proceeded to Peak Rock and surveyed the Islands and shores in the
vicinity. I found it to be situated, as will be seen on reference to the
accompanying Chans, about 3/4 of a mile to the Eastwa~d of Large Romania
Island, 112 miles from Point Romania, and 32 miles East by north from
Singapore Town. The Rock is barren in height about 30 feet above high water,
Spring Tides - with a length of 160 feet measured due East and West. and
breadth of 130 feet measure north and south - as will be seen on reference to
the sections drawn on the Chart of Romania Islands accompanying this but it
extends to the length of 240 feet, if measured Nonh East and South West. The
Rock is grey granite of a very hard texture. affording excellent material on the
spot for building purposes. There is no fresh water on it, but what is left in the
hollows of the Rocks after rains. A landing on it is easily effected during calm
wearher and as this known to prevail in eight monrhs of December, January,
February and March, the landing will always be difficult, owing to the rock
1
when the north east monsoon prevails being exposed to the waves of the China
Sea. The building therefore ought to be commenced early in April and finished
if possible by the end of the following November. But as lulls during the North
East Monsoon often take place in the nights, there will be frequent
opportunities of landing on the rock during the morning. So that
communication will never be entirely stopped even at the worst season of the
year.
2. When I first visited the rock I was led to conclude from
appearances that its barrenness was owing to its being washed by the waves
during the North East Monsoon, which circumstance would have rendered the
building of a permanent structure much more expensive and I should have
wished to have seen it in the worst season be/ ore fixing upon a plan j or its
construction, if it had not had an opportunity of visiting the other Islands and
Rocks in the vicinity when engaged for two days in surveying them. I then found
North Rock to be of the same height as Peak Rock, and its injormation to be
in strata of soft stone, the decomposition of which has made a soil on which
shrnbs are growing and which has not the slightest appearance of having even
touched by the waves. South Island, which is also equally exposed to the
waves, and considerably lower than north and Peak Rock is covered with trees
and other vegetation which could not exist in salt water - I therefore have no
hesitation in ascribing the barrenness of Peak Rock to its steepness combined
with the hardness of its formation, and not to the action of the wave.
3. I now come to the consideration of the best and most
economical mode of constructing a Ughthouse on this position as the rock itself
is of so hard a texture, the spot itself affords the best materials for building.
But on the other hand the expense of chiselled granite is so great that a
structure entirely fonned of it would far exceed the funds subscribed. and stone
cutters in Singapore are so Jew and bad, that the completion of it would be a
matter of great difficulty. I have therefore been constrained in the Plans and
Estimates to confine the use of this material to the construction of the base
only, which would rise to the height of sixteen feet. This base as will be seen
by the Plan will be built with granite rubble inside faced with chiselled blocks,
and it will bear either a Brick or Iron Edifice above. The cost of it as per
Estimate will be 2667 Spanish dollars including the Semicircular projections or
Bastions, designed for the mounting of a gun on each for the defence of the
2
Light Keepers - above the base is the entrance to the Light House, and access
will be had either by a ladder let down to the rock, or by a rope and basket
suspended from the small crane at the door. These can be drawn up during the
night or threatened dangers. thus affording ample security against any attack
that could be made from the outside, if this should ever happen.
The foundation being laid at the height of 26 feet above
high water spring tides, and this base being 16 feet, together making 42 feet,
above spring tides, for the base of the brick or Iron Tower. This brick or Iron
Tower will thus be raised beyond any action of the waves, and while this mass
of construction carries through Sir Edward Belcher's views as to the defense
of the place, tho' not entirely in the way recommended by him, the difficulty of
his, lying in the expense of it, will also obviate the necessity of scarping the
rock to low water mark, at least until sufficient funds be collected for that
purpose - for this operations would not cost under the sum of seven thousand
Spanish Dollars, a sum as will be seen by the accompanying Estimate equal to
that which will be required to build the light house.
4. With regard to the superstructures, I have after a great
deal of consideration come to the conclusion, that the strongest and most
durable building that can be made with the limited funds, will be of brick, using
monar in which molassus will be mixed. The whole of the rooms will have
arched ceilings, and the only woodwork will be in the three panitions of the
Keepers· rooms and in the stairs, doors and windows, so that there will be little
danger of any from fire. The Estimated cost is 4332 Spanish Dollars exclusive
of Lantern and Lamps, thus making the cost with foundations and base 7000
Dollars nearly.
5. . As to the Lantern lamps and reflectors, as they must be
made in Europe, I need say a little, and will confine myself to suggesting that
the light should be stationary, as this is not only more simple than the revolving
light but less subject to accident, and in case any of the machinery should be
broken, there would be great difficulty in getting it repaired in this settlement.
The light should also be red to distinguish it from fires on the Coast, and be
sufficiently brilliant to be seen at the distance of 18 miles, so as to form a
leading mark with Point. for the leading clear of Johore Shoal. The
railings or Lantern, as recommended by Sir Edward Belcher, should be made
3
to obscure the light within range of the rock awash and also South reef
apparently not noticed by him, on which the Stork was lately wrecked. These
being at present the only known dangers in the vicinity of Peak Rock in the way
of shipping. There are also some dangers to the north and north E at a
considerable distance, which could be made known to the ships during the night
by obscuring the light in their direction, but when I was there, I had not
sufficient time given me for ascertaining their exact position, and existing charts
are not correct enough to mark them with the nicety required.
6. With regard to the best mode of proceeding with the
erection of the Building, I now beg leave to offer a few remarks - it wiLl be
observed that Peak Rock as mentioned in a Janner part of this communication
is 32 miles distant from Singapore and on reference to the chart will be seen
intervening the shores of a country under the rule of independent Malay Chiefs.
These shores have been long noted for the haunts of very daring Pirates, who
when opportunity offers often cut off native vessels of considerable size, a work
of this kind therefore could not be carried on without the protection of the
Government. In drawing out these estimates I have consequently reckoned on
the protection of the Gun Boat being constantly afforded from the
commencement to the finishing of all the operations. But notwithstanding the
protection thus given, a work of this kind would be very difficult and beyond
the power of any officer of Government to accomplish under any moderate
amount." I therefore at once gave up the idea of pledging my name to the
furnishing of it by the modes prescribed, in the Engineer regulations of
Government, under which regulations I have carried on several works in
Singapore, thinking that the way proceeding hereafter mentioned of doing it by
contract with Chinese would be the only way of getting it done for a fair sum,
such as stated in the· Estimate, and for my taking this course I trust the
following reasons will be satisfactory.
7. The class of people on whom we entirely depend (with a
very small exception in the few Cling masons that are to be had) for Masonry
and Carpentry work, are the Chinese, whose lower classes perhaps better than
the same class of any other nation know the power that combining gives them,
so much so, that the anizans of Singapore are leagued together in different
Hueys or Societies in which member is bound by inviolable oaths to assist and
connive with the rest. With a people of this kind to deal with, and under such
4
a system, an officer of Government after having once pledged his name to finish
a work before having agreed with his Chinese masons etc. would entirely at
their mercy, for their head men would immediately agree amongst themselves
to ask double or treble the usual wages for going to this distant spot, and
prevent all those under them whether willing or not from accepting less, they
would also greatly exaggerate the dangers from Pirates, the unpleasantness of
remaining on a barren Rock for several months. Besides a Chinese always
works lazily and unsatisfactorily on daily wages, the little moral feeling of
which he is professed not teaching him to see the injury he does his employer,
but on the other hand if he has the prospect of gain by extra exertion, his great
love of it, induces him to work both laboriously and indefatigably.
8. Our system of building has consequently been entirely
carried on by contract. a number of Chinese combining to undertake and finish
works, sharing the profits and losses amongst them. and if the works be carried
on under the eye of an European Oversees, they are well and substantially built
in all their details.
9. I would therefore humbly take the liberty of
recommending to your honor that this work be executed by contract, as being
the most economical mode of proceeding, and if it be carried on under good
superintendence provided by Government it will also be found the most
satisfactory, if otherwise the building of it for the sum stated in the Estimate
could not be guaranteed to Government.
JO. Annexed to the sheet containing the Estimate will be found
an agreement signed by a Chinese contractor named "Choa Allum" in which
he undertakes to erect the building for the sum of 7,000 Dollars when the
Government shall assent to it. This agreement of course is only preparatory
to a formal one being drawn out when the orders of Government shall be made
known. He has executed several of the Government works under me very
satisfactorily and can give good security if required, for the due execution and
finishing of the work. He tells me that tho' his portion of the contractor's
profit in the building of the Light House would not be large, he would gain
considerably by making the return boats carry stones to Singapore for sale and
in supplying provisions etc. to the workmen, and by other ways and means not
in the power of any European.
5
JJ. In conclusion I would beg leave to say that whilst
I am fully of opinion that the sum stated in these papers would not be exceeded
if carried on by Chinese contractors, but would afford them a fair remuneration
for their trouble, still if the work were to be carried on by an officer of
Government. making his own arrangements for the supply of materials and
engagements with workmen, judging from the disadvantages that he would
labour under. compared with them, that I think in such a case, the sanction of
Government should be asked for double the sum.
Singapore
20th Novr I 844
}
}
Source:Military Department (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NAI. New Delhi India
I have etc.
Signed J. T. Thomson
Govt Surveyor.
6
Es~imate of'the Probable amount required to build a Light·
house according to Plan dated 6th November 1844
Basement suic~d· to bear zither an Iron or a
Bri~k Superstructure
1568 sq. ft of chisseled granite 1 S 5 per 10 sq.ft.
l:'.6 sq. ft do for platfor~s of
361 bub ft of Rubble stone 1 Sl per 100 cub ft
}lasonry of above per one ft u, height 16 ft @ $ 10
Lii;:ie 40 Coyans ac·s4 sand 10 boats@ $1
~olasses 4 piculs at $2
Cement for outside stones made of well burnt brick
pounded with sand
810 cubic ft of Brick work 30 bricks for
@ $24,300 bricks at $2S per lax.a
~asonry including scaffolding $2S per layer
Li;;le 4 Coyans per laxa 10 coyans@ ·$4
Sand 2~ boats at $1
Cutting and levelling Rock to receive basement
Houses and sheds for workmen
Boat hire from Singapore for D~
Wooden Pier of Impany ·or Damarlaut
Wooden gang way from Pier to Building
Contractors profit@ 20 per cent 426 76 or.
Cont igenc ie s u 5 .. 106 bg
Tower not including latern or lmr.ps
Wall . up to Railing 11,406 cub. feet
Arched Ceilings 1,766 "
-.
Wall round light room 346 " "
Less windows 576 13,518
doors 336
" 0 f light room 27. 939
)0 X 12579 ,. 377,970
------------- ~ ~25 per laxa
bricks
784. 00
63.00
109.80
l'SO.OC
UC.00
8.'JO
60. 75
60. 75
-40.0L'
2.50
2.00.00
100.00
l00.00
18S.OO
50.00
2103. 80
5)3.45
94].;,2
2667.25
Lir,ie 4 coyans per laxa = 152 goyans@ $4/Sand
37 Boats ~- $1 }!olasses 36 ?iculs •~ $2/~
las::in,:-y and Scaffolding )8 la:.::i neady 0 S:!5
16 Venetianed Windows ~• s3
Sp Dolla,:-s
) l,:-on Doo,..-s estimated ~eight 12 piculs@ $10
l C,:-ane complete
Railings round lantern complete l Pts. @ $10
50 Granite slabs round - Do - @$5 each
3 wooden iar~tions for light keeper's rooms
6 stairs
Boat hire for people to and. from Singapore
Planks, Barrels etc.for holding building )
)
Building materials such as Lime, Molasses etc. )
608.00
113. 00
943.50
!oB.00
2C,55.92
120.00
20.00
80.0')
250.00
100.00
)0.00
100.00
50.00
Contractors Profit 20 per cent 693. 20 on 3465.92
Contigencies 5 " 173 30 860.SO
Spanish Dollars
Singapore ) E.E.
)
19th Nov 1844 ) Sgd I. I. Thomson
Govt. Surveyor
2667 25
4332,42
6999.67
I, Choa Allum, Chinese Contractor in Singapore, do
hereby agree and bind rayself to undertake and finish i
light house on Peak Rock Romania acccrding to a Pla~
drawn by ~t Thomsen 1~ted the 6th ~overab~r 1644, 3nd ~f the
~!ate rials s pee if i<:':d in the anne :ac:ed Est i..:a t~ dated the 19th
'fove:aiber 1844 when the Coverm:ient shall asse:1t to :ny
contracting for the same for the sura of seven thousand
Spanish Dollars including both Tower and base, but
excluding the Lantern and Lamps or I agree to execute
the base of granite to the height of 16 feet as laid down
in the Plan, for the sum of two thousand six hundred and
sixty seven Spanish Dollars dated in Singapore this 20th
Nov 1944.
Yitnesses
Sgd.l.f.Burrows and
" 1."W Willens
(Signed) Choa Allum
in Chinese characters
(True Copies)
Sgd: W.J. Butterworth
(True Coμe s)
Sgd:
Governor
Under Secy to the Govt. of Bengal
ANNEX MM 44
Letter from Sultan Allie, Sultan of Johore to Governor W.J.
Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca, 25 November 1844, translated by T. Church, Resident
Councillor
F/4/2108 16 verso
'1lpet an to Gierilfg that the Secretary of State for Foreign and
Commonwealth Affairs has in bis custody a •.. X~f.9.1:Jt.1.TJ ••• ~hll..l.QIIJ:ds •••••
~~g~-~-~~~~.~ ... ~~.~.~.:!!Li:t.<?.~:m.R.f.9JJ.P. .. Hi .. ~ll.f.$JJ .. LlO.B.:.F./.4J.;uo.ai ••.•.
..... .............. ................... ............. of which the following is a true oopy:
From Sultan Allie of J.ohore
I have received my friend's letter, and in
reply desire to acquaint my friend, that I perfectly
understand his wishes, and I am exceedingly pleased
at the intention expressed therein as it (a Light House)
will enable Traders and others to enter and leave
this Port with greater confidence.
Dated November 25th 1844
True Translation
(Sd) T. Church
Resident Councillor
Translation
~II~ fuJp:nuf I have hereunto set my hand, at the Orienul
and India Office Collections, 197 Blackfria.-s Road, London, SEt,
this ... ~.•mJ:.Y.t.bJ.ri:i ............ day of .... 9.•:.~~!'!~':X ................. in the year of our
Lord One thousand nine hundred and .!}Jfl~J.Y .. tW.O., •••••••.•....•.•••••••••••••.•••
Oriental and India Office Coll«rit1m
? . f¼u_, !£_fr_,_ 17/,£.L, 7./~. -.
,r/£~L "1 ~,«:J -7 r~,(__,/ 4~, ,,,._(
,~ ,,.,-r o/ ,,t_,,;,.,;,~ z; a 7 «_a~ =1 r.-,, d,,,7 .// o/< c7,f
. / /. ",? / J - ,.. # u.,,Ar....1t. .,,/4""c<- ~A.-4r t:~~.. ~ -&~ L.y.~r( /u.tt_,.,,,z,../
•~/ d_ ~-£<'-/Z;,..,, +~~J C~::.: a..J J (ac £';L-; _.;{~,,✓9
~ti! ~.J_,&_, ~;.~ ik-.,.._,/ ~f..,,L,'t,,J' ~ ~--"<- a-2 /~~
ANNEX MM 45
Letter from Dattoo Tamungong of Johore to Governor W.J.
Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and
Malacca, 25 November 1844, translated by T. Church, Resident
Councillor
F/4/2108 17
Folio
GJJp.e m to Giertifg that the Secretary of State for Foreign and
Commonwealth Affairs has in his custody a ... i:~~~1:.g.}.n.J!rn .. ~.Qiilr.~e ..... .
.. Collections .. 1844-45. no .. 98792 ..folio .17.Jrnn.: ... fi:4/.2l.0.8l .......... .
..... ...... ..................... ... . ... . .. ......... of which the following is a true copy:
Translation of a letter from Datto Tamengong of Johore
Compliments
I have duly received my friends communication,
and understand the contents. My
friend is desirous of erecting a Light House near
Point Romania. I can have no possible objection
to such a measure, indeed I am much pleased that
such an understanding is in contemplation I wish
to be guided in all matters by the Govt., so much so,
that the company are at full liberty to put up a
Light House there, or any spot deemed eligible.
Myself and family for many years
have derived support from Singapore, our dependance
is wholly on the English Government, and we hope
to merit the protection of, and be favoured by the
Company on all occasions consistent with propriety.
Dated New Harbour the 25th Nov. 1844
True Translation
(Sd) T. Church
Resident Councillor
~n mitnnss ~ I have hereunto set my hand, at the Oriental
and India Office Collections, 197 Blackfriars Road, London, SEt,
this ....... ~".'.~~~? .. !~~.~.~ ....... day of .... P.!!£~!1)!HJ.r ................. in the year of our
Lord One thousand nine hundred and .... N~.'.1.~.tY. .. T.~!?... .................. : ...... ..
Oriental a11d India Office Collectio11s
·o
('
.I' .P . -· . . CA"--,: _✓.μ.e-A,, ,,u-.. t,..., .. h~-r'A ;(";:,_;? :c:.,, ,. ~ ~..,--../4,..../J:,._r, ,~-:.
'-jl ,LQ-~L 6 C .1'' ;/J ;.H- :/,/ 'J1<4i:u.._., 7· ds- .{-,A,.,'~
~ .
.£4 ,J-u-'-,e,~.. . ✓~ ."' .,;.~./ c.Le ~"'4t'( -r . rt' .. .&· ,{t;,?.
.re· /'4'- -c err «. 7,(,L·~~ -~#.', ~ ~7, ¥~ ~< ··-•··;..)
➔f~~ ;1~•4/~ t•~4•L;; 7•:n~
l:~..u:. .~; .... J ✓"r/-r r-- '67a/lO--f...C, t,--,.,._;,; d'~"""~-~ee.;
~ --L~ ""' .,r,£,. er.:cL ;/"•'~'H~_.,.,,.,.__ .. -z; t/t'.'(A.,L, ~R_,/
/..;;, c 1+1.#.'.~::z d. ~,,,,,-G.~£,;~ ~ aA--.✓- --h /Q,,~
-4 d- ~-·t ,:d r?-~fi-. -·
( ../7uL) / {?~~~
~~~ ~.de~'T, . -
ANNEX MM 46
Letter from Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca to F. Curie, Secretary to the
Government of India, 28 November 1844
[No. 150 of 1844]
From
To
Sir,
No. 150 of 1844
The Governor of Prince of Wales Island.
Singapore and Malacca.
F. Currie Esqre
Secretary to the Govt. of India,
Fort William.
Dated Singapore. 28th Novr 1844
I have the honour very respectfully to bring to the notice
of the Right Honorable the Governor General, a matter of some moment
to the navigation of the Straits of Malacca in the vicinity of Singapore,
and the opening of the China Sea.
Some years since, Ju~ were raised in China, with a
view of erecting a Testimonial to the memory of the late celebrated
Hydrographer James Horsburgh Esquire, and at a meeting of the
subscribers a wish was expressed. that the contributions should be
devoted to the erection of a Light House bearing the name of
"Horsburgh" on Pedra Branca, at the entrance of the China Sea, or on
such other locality as might be deemed preferable by the Government
of the Honorable East India Company.
The question of carrying out the above resolution by
erecting a Light House on Barn Island. was submitted to the Supreme
Govt under the date the 22nd July 1842 but the measure involved the
necessity of a Military Guard, Special Superintendent, and a large
Establishment. which it was proposed to maintain by the exaction of
Harbour dues. Such a restrictive measure on the freedom of the Port
was so opposed to the views of the Mercantile Community, that the
proposition was at once abandoned, consequent on the previously
expressed opinion of the Hon 'ble East lndic. Company in their letter No.
22 of 1839.
1
The funds advened to, amounting to 5513 Dollars or
12,978, 8. 4 Company ·s Rupees. being still fonhcoming, as will be
perceived by the enclosed copy of a leuer from Messrs. John Purvis &
Co. (A). and feeling persuaded of the very great necessiry for a Light
House and the advantage it would prove. to the growing Trade with
China, I took upon myself to submit the subject for the consideration of
Captain Sir Edward Belcher C.B. in the hope that some site might be
detennined upon which would be free from the objections referred to,
and meet the object in view. The repon (B) of that Scientific Officer I
desire to lay before the Right Hon 'ble the Governor General of India
with the Plan and Section of the Rock therein alluded to, prepared by
Mr. Thomson the Surveyor, together with an outline chan, shewing its
position with reference to Pedra Branca, the main land of Johore, and
Island of Romania situated about 32 miles in an E by N direction from
Singapore - This Rock is pan of the Territories of the Rajah of Johore,
who with the Tamongong (C) have willingly consented to cede it
gratuirously IO the East India Company .
.
The wreck of the Pascoa now lying in the Roads and the
number of vessels, some of which 9re noted in the margin, lost or
injured by touching on the Rock in the vicinity of the site selected,
Pascoa ____ wrecked
Helen __ seriously injured
Heba _____ wrecked
Henry Davidson __ Do _
Storl: _____ Do
where the current sets with such extreme rapidity as
co render the navigation dangerous, and difficult, in
a dark night, shew the necessity of a Beacon in that
quaner, but the Superintending Engineer (recently
arrived from Madras) Capen. Faber, with whom I
visited the spot appeared to experience difficulty in framing an estimate
of the approximate cost of the undenaking, consequent on his ignorance
of the language, habits of the people, prices of materials, method of
procuring them etc and to consider that an enonnous outlay from a
Lack to a Lack and a half of Rupees would be necessary to complete the
work of Masonry. l had therefore almost given up my intention of
moving in the matter, when my attention was directed to the notice
(D) (which I venture to append to this communication) on the Iron
Light Houses erected at Jamaica and Bennuda only a few years since
at no very great cost al least not greater than with such additional aid
as Government may afford, l have every hope of collecting from the
Mercantile Community at home and abroad.
I accordingly deputed Mr. Thomson the Surveyor to make
a chan of the entrance of the China Sea. and after a full consideration
of the subject, to Javor me with any observations he might have to offer.
The result is shewn in the annexed document (E) from the Gentleman
2
who possess great knowledge of the natives. much local experience and
indefatigable industry. It will be perceived that the foundation for an
Iron light House can be laid for 2667 Dollars. and that the total cost
of constructing the whole building of Masonry would not exceed 7000
Dollars or about I 500 Dollars in excess of the sum in hand exclusive of
the lantern. and I am of opinion chat this structure would answer every
purpose.
The opening of the four Pons in China and the
Establishment of a Colony at Hong Kong lends an increased imponance.
to the subject and may induce Her Majesty's Government to contribute to so
laudable an undenaking by furnishing the lantern. The Honorable the Coun
of Directors 100, might consider this a favourable opponunity for marking still
more pennanently, their sense of service rendered to the world (under their
auspices) by the celebrared Hydrographer. James Horsburgh Esquire whilst l
can confidently say that a small establishment necessary to keep the Light in
order, would wirh the Gun proposed by Captain Sir Edward Belcher rend most
effectually towards the suppression of rhe Piracies annually committed on tire
Cochin China and other Traders from rhe adjacenr countries, who from the
strengrh of rhe current and difficulty of rhe navigation are obliged to anchor in
rhat vicinity during the night.
Without arry aid however, beyond what is fonhcoming,
and what will be given by Commanders of Trading Vessels, and the
Mercantile Community at home and abroad, l feel confident, rhat
sufficient Funds could be raised, for the consrruction of a Light House
for what a respectable Chinaman has undenaken to build it, Viz. l(X)()
Dollars but l would fair hope that no fun her call on the Public may be
deemed necessary and that Her Majesty's Government, and the
Honorable the Coun of Directors, will supply what may be wanting.
A light House, if not properly attended, would prove
infinitely more perplexing, and dangerous to the Mariner, than its total
absence. l am therefore of opinion that less than rwo European, and
Eight Natives, would barely answer rhe purpose of keeping watch. and
working the Gun in case of need; I would rherefore recommend that rwo
sready Pensioners from rhe anillery mighr be allowed to volunreer for
the service who should receive an additional salary and rations. with 8
Malays or lascars. making the annual Z Gunners Rs.JOO per menser.
cost to the state including the estimated 8 1:f alays : 88 :
cost of materials for feeding the light Otl. Cotton ere 50
2856 Rupees per annum - should it be
2
::
deemed advisable 10 employ 1st Class Rs. 2856 per annum
Convicts in place of the Malays or
lascars the expense would be
considerably reduced.
3
Trusting I have said sufficient to interest the Right
Hon 'ble the Governor General on a subject of such vast imponance to
the Trade of our country and the safety of the mariner, European and
native, I venture most respectfully ro entreat His Honor ·s suppon to the
measure with the Hon 'ble Coun of Directors. who may then be induced
probably in conjunction with Her Majesty 's Govt, to furnish the
additional sum required and order a Lantern to be at once constructed.
In the mean time. if pennitted, I will move the Trading Community in
aid of a work which will perpetuate their gratitude, for the facilities
afforded to the Na•·i[?ation of these seas, by the indefatigable researches
of James Horsbw .:.'' Esquire.
Singapore }
28th Nov 1844 }
Source: Military Depanment (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NA/, New Delhi India
I have etc
Sgd W./. Butte,worth,
Governor
4
Extract from a Marine general letter from the Honorable the Coun of Directors ro the
Govt of Bengal dated 4th September 1839, No. 22.
Para JOI @ 103. State with reference to a
proposal to erect light House in the Straits
of Singapore. that Government feC' 1 itself
restrained from imposing duties fvr the
purpose of raising the requisite Funds,
without the previous sanction of Court. to
whom therefore the quesrion is now
referred. - Submit also a request of the
Marine Board to be furnished wirh rwo
copies of a Marine Atlas.
20. As it appears that the erection of
Light Houses in the straits is not essentially
necessary ro the safe navigation of them
and that some difficulty might be found
in levying the necessary funds for
maintaining them, we do not feel justified in issuing any orders for the purpose, and
we junher add that the imponance attached by the Mercantile community in this
country to the preservation of perfect freedom of Trade at Singapore forbids our
subjecting it to any restrictions.
21. We shall transmit by an early opponunity two complete sets of Chans for the
use of the Marine Depanment of your Presidency.
Source: Military Depanment (Marine Branch)
Consultation 15 February 1845, No. 5
NAI, New Delhi India
5
ANNEX MM 47
Letter from Governor W.J Butterworth, Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca to Under-Secretary C.
Beadon, 22 August 1845
From
The Governor of P. W. Island
Singapore and Malacca
To:
C Bead on Esq.
No. i39
Under Secreta1y to the Govennnent of Bengal
Fort William
Dated Singapore 22nd August 1845
Sir,
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter under date the 4th June
last No. 1463 enclosing an extract/Para 71/of a dispatch from the Superintendant of
Marine in Bengal dated the 23rd April 1845 No. 1502 and directing me to report on the
recommunication of that officers relative to the construction of a Light House in Pedra
Branca.
The number of vessels that have been wrecked in the vicinity of Pedra Branca,
and Point Romania at the opening of the China Sea, imperatively rule for a Light House
in that neighbourhood and there can be little doubt_that the former would be the best
possible position for one, so far on the light House is concerned but it is so remote from
Singapore at so great a distance from the Main Land and so inaccessible at certain
seasons of the year that under all circumstances, I should give the preference to the
position selected by Captain Sir Edward Belcher as reported on in my letter under date
the 28th November 1844 No: 110.
By a letter from the under Secretary to the Government of India dated the I 8th
February 1845 No: 121 forwarded to me with your endorsement dated the 24th Idem. No.
510, it would appear that the proposition for the erection of a Light House on the site
selected by Captain Sir Edward Belcher C.B. viz Peak Rock the outer Romania Island
has been recommended for the favorable consideration of Honorable the Court of.
Directors, and I trust that the time is not far distant when the work may be commenced
upon as a light in that quarters is becoming daily of more paramount importance.
Singapore
22nd August 1845
I have the honor to be
/Sd/W.B. Butterworth
Governor
ANNEX MM 48
"Erection of a Light-House on Romania Island", Bombay Times
and Journal of Commerce, 10 January 1846
THE BOMBA y·TIMES AND JOURNAL OF COMMERU~. JANUAR.Y: 10, 1846.
. . ' . . . '
.- ~ingnporr ..
. .
INsoLvr.sT Liws.-lt will be seen from t.ha nnnex:ed
resolntion, ,>f' the ·u~;L~n !.,er ot' Com,nercl!, that thoy are
nrrnin ailout to· pronoJuce nn opinion on the p~#~pril!ty
o~ oLhcrwise of hnviiig an· .iusolv0ut la_w in ~Im Settlement;
· We llo QOt krlow whether the v1~,vs nml op,111-
011s of the·.Chamher h:tve un,lergl)t18- any modifications
since they l1tst d,scus~eu. the S'Ul>jeot~ but·· a~ our o,vn
ha.Ve, si11ee·\ve trea.tecl of Lht! q11esti1)U, we sh ·Lll, if tht,
hurr.v attendaut on ~he despalCh of t~e mn-il _allow
sufficient leisure, end~:J, vour to review. the question at
le11gt11 in our· next is~ue. . · \ .
1l1onday, 1st D cem~·er, 1845.-Chamber of Cornm,rcr1 •
• _-As sufficient Notice, ~ns not gi"en of the Meeting .to
be helu this moruing, it was decided that a Meeting
·take place OU Frid!lY t/he 12,lJi Qurrent, at the Secretary's
Office, at· 12· o'cl<?clc,ito express an opinion o_f the desirablene!
s,· or the ·rever:se,of the intro.duction of the Bankruptcy
·La.vs into si:ngapare: , . . ·
EaitCTION OF J.. L10RT-BOUS& ON RoaUNU. {!:LA.ND,.
Below, ,ve are ena~led to publish .the report of a
. Uommittee of the C\iamber of Co10:rrierce, regll.rd,ng
the erection ot a Ligh~-house on Roma_nia Island. ·\Ve
are glad. to izee the Chamber take up the matter with
so much earnestnes, ~s w~. may anticipate from it the
11peetly accon1plishmc*t of the· project. As· long as the
matter ,vas left iu the hands of the ·Indian Government
,ve confess we ~aw little cb_ance of its being c 11·-
. ried t.,hrough. It appe;u•ed t~ us that . the sa.me inditftn
·euce actuated tbeir conduct in regard to this &!1-
ta,-most other matters relating to· ·the 8traits Se.ttla~
e11ts, wl~ich t~e~ ·oa.n ne\'er bring themselv~s t-o·regard
111 any ot~er h~ht than as remOLe an<l semt-barbarout
Settleme~t:i upou \Vhich i~ ,vould l,e benentb their ·dig•
l}!_ty to b~3tow Lhe trouble of a thou~ht.- They ouly
· r~rLl them with 1·erero11oe to their size -0u thd map,.
aml_ can never re·aliz1J to themselv~s tile_ idea. th,1t they
can have a.ny importance or value att~ched to them aa
coru,uercial statio11s,-ns places whe1~e the . comrnerct,
of Lb'-' civilized \vorhl Cl)mes i1l contact with that of a
Jar!!a auu s~mi-b.1rbarous Archipel.tgo, and where an
interchange ot' commouiti_t:3s of these <lilfereut societies
takes plaoe ou a mo.it• t!X.lensi\•e aud e:vu. r iucn~a.siu., ,, .
sc;d~. F.a· otliet·wi~t3 i~ tne aspect. ,,llich Sin~apura.
aml th'3 oLber Straits S~tdemeuts presento those who
viuw 1.heru fro,ri Eurvpe-Lhey see there thiJ g,a.Lifying
sp•·ct;Lclo of d~:hirt l:da:i<ls suJueuly t,econiiui£ the rt,•
shh~1ices of ~huus:u1t!::1, auu the ~lure-houg~s of mer•
cl1a11diz. l! from t:! V1!1::v q•1;uter of \lie worlJ. They ·al'a
alive .... to ~hrl imμurt:uaee ot' the plaees as commercial
e111poriu.11s, a11J tht3ret\.>r1:1 ar,J ,·~•-."< re.,~{y to promou,
wl1i:itevy1· 11uy eom.L,ce to their pm·111anence'la11Ll i11crcas~
u u_ti~1ty. !_11_ En~L~i:i.t, ·ol>j~cl::1 ot' p1d.>lic utiliLy, not
invr>lvi1q politic.ti tliff~ronet>s;: ar~ no soo1~~r broached
thau tl11:1· t'lll!c::;t i11t,n·1u ~Livn bearing u~on.- Lhem js
olJt.:Liued, au,l Lhe n.uen:i ·11 ot' the 0tticer:i of 'Gover11-
naeu1. has 011ly to l>u drawn to liwm t:o 011stu·o their
.beiu~ l>rou..;h~ i11t•) opt!ratiori. 'ln India, in pla.ce of
pntJlic prnject!:i bei11:; carried thr(1u;l1 iil Lila same
IJ,ts1ucss ::;t.yiu in whii..:11 the\· :u·e in t-:u.~l.ln-l,. \V-e h.1vo
occrns·iu11al tits uf euer ... ;-_}', <luri11~; whidt elaborate and
able. t.h:s'pa.tcho:5, tloin~ grtut cl'~llit to th~ litur.1ry abilities
·or the writ~rs, nr1J pe1111ecl, .folluw,M l>y· · vnst
intl!rva.ls when the suhjcct r~porrns on thu tiheif. · 'rhlts
whou p1·01111:.'t n0Lio1i'is re11uir~Ll 011ly ~,,t;,ls t\l'l} bestowed,
auu the e111:1rgy whic11 ~houl,1 h,,ve nrntltJ th~ suhauu,
a. ((!,\lity i6 t,XIHl\:i .ell in tho t.11r~~~s. ot' pump_os1Liou.
J\ t.h~ yeur 1837 or shortly · atL~nvnr,.ls, tuucl:5 ,vero
sul>scrilJt'U, adequate to the erectio:i o_f n. ligl1t-'11ouse ;
. -the e1~h Y"'urs tha.t hn.ve siuce io,ery-~ueu, for all that
we cun lei r-11, have beeu waste.ll in di~uus:sious nmongst
Indian Ottic l:s-a.s if to furnish topic:1 · fur ·}hese hn.d
vecm the sol~ ntl .u\tinnte object ot' the sub:;cription:
White· the d1111gen lmve evel'y m•..'ment · l'omai•ied, anrl
sllip after ship has bei,n clesr.royoll, awl pr,,pcrt.v to a11
oiionnous nmuuut boeu lo:tt, the a1.l1,ptio11 ot the sim_yl.e
a111.l c1:u·t11.in meaus ot- nvoidiu~ these da.n~ers hu.s ·ueo11
po.:1tpoue<l, uutil tho lncl1n11 funotiona.ric!i o:rnld
tt«,ttl~ tri-vml question:S ol"igiua.tin!4' nmoug,gt, . themsel
Vt?S -SLlCll us wh~Lil~r a duLi~ClllUtmt or trouμ:J WlLi l.\
uece6StlrJ 1.·oncomiLunt ut' a, li~llt hou:;e. Our o\Jsorva.
tio11s ir. will he r"urnrked aru dirccto1l agaiust a μrecions
sy::1loin with the ori~in ot' whioh tho ~ll"il.lt:i Autlao1·illl,:
s aL·~ uot ullar~~n.010. 1\11u ~vo must do th~ pt•e::1en·t
Lwovornor tho j,,:1L1ut, LO sa.y.tht1.L :;lwn1y afte1· hi:5 .u·rivi1,l
-i11 ~iugal,)uru h"'- Luru<i,l hi::1 auo111.i,.,~, to th" :n1Lj1rnt allll_
touk lt. up with a vro,iiptituJt:,,~i.l,Udf,. :,;l'ltit U\h.'lllltLLI;) tll
tht, itnp•>.rta11od of lhu ohje<!t. · l ·
lt w~nilu apμl!tU' LlllLt atwL}\Ur discus~ion th1·\!atl!1101l
-the ::iuFt>rm1e111Hu~ l~ugiu~~,· 11f r.110 ~Lruits h·~viug reportu,.
l t.lut n. la.o a.ull ;~ halt' or HUfHH'S wuultl ho UUOl!:S•
•-li:Lry lo cou1μlt,to thl! uusonry al1Jlll.'• while ouly nbottt
LWcj-fv" t-hou:faml wore avnil.Llllu, Tho t.i1f\'Ortll>l' ho,v- . . ~ . u~o1· suunu . tu !rnvu ::h::Ltlt,u th~ quo:Hi1111, nml h:L:s
' IJrou~ht ·thu subt>iitu Lu a prnutio,1l b~ariu;.r, by· gctr.i,u~
~11 Olt'<!r l>y a couLra.ctur t.o croor. .~ l.>Uihliui; upou a /t,:U
nmhiLious pla.u., ,ll,j-iiguod L,y t1l10 Uov~t11111eur. Slu·vojor,nfLu1
· :L uuuut-.(~X.iU11111J.·t.i1J11 o( ~)10 luo,1hty,~au1l all Lh1Lt
i:J now l'uquiro,l •~ thd e:rn':!Llon ot' tlu, Suprouw Uo\•oru-..
mo11L, Tub, wu hiLVt> no llou\,tlhu intc1·po:illh)II of c.ht.,
J nui1, a111l Uhin.u. A\s_ocintio11t1 ot' Lum.ion, 1.,i v~rpuul, u.u<J ..
vlai1go\V, woul.l nt .oucu ob~diur-uml tll'u C,lm111~~1· ot
Cuanmc:rut>· ouJht, Llloruforo Lo mo·vu' Lllcsu.uoJ10:J WlLhour.
<lo lay.
· At a '.\Ioetin,-, ·or the Clhmhor of ·Commcrco o-r SlngR•
por(:j, h~l<l mr~\lo11cl11y, tho 1st· ot' ·ucc., 18-!:;, i~ \~tul,.,
ll11aoluad.-'l'hat·Lho· gl\.!:lt lutlia. f,¼,llll Chin!\ A:1 3o~nuot
in Lonuou, tho Cu.1uuu~:, u.nJ llollllmy Cl~mnuci·e fJ
Commerce, Captafo B~den of Madrfl(s, the Subsoribei·s
in A.meric~ (through J.; Ba.1.~:stier, Esq., U. S. C.) and
ihe Subscribers in Frauc'.a (through the french· Cotinsel ·)
be.addressed with a.copy of.the report r1..~n.d this da.y,..:_
a:.nd be requeste•l to mik8 the funds subscribed lavnli~
.a\:>le. for the erection .. of ·. a. ~ight-house as a Memorial
to th{l la.te Hydrograplu~·r, -.Jo.rues Horshurg. · ·
'.< T. 0. Cu.ANE, Sec,·etary • .
On 20th November, o.:tleputation from the CoJnmi-ttoe
of the Clinmber of Commorce, waited on his Honor the
Governor, to seek info1~j~1ation as to what is being done,
-or likely to b~ done,. in ·~recting a.~· light house on;~ or
ndjncellt to, Pedra Br*-'~ca, to serve .as a monument to
·the late eminent. i1ydr:oga.pbe1· James Horsμurgh, ~hd
-tof~cilitnte navigation.,: .
'fh~ Governor. expre~sed satisfaction with the course
-adopted, and readily ~fforded the in.f~rmaUon sou~ht.
lt. nppenrs that a propositiop by a former Governor,
involving a. lar~e esta~Jisl11~1ent nn~l t.he statim_1ing- a
detachme.nt of troop~·-ou·;n. small islanrl, hacl'qau:1ed ·the
scheme to be tempo~atilj. laid aside. 'fhe prcs~nt , Go'\
lernor, sh~rtly. 1aft!er his arrival at the Sti~aits, had
,;iven his at_teution ta: th.a m:itter, -ancl ex.actl_y t\vel ve.
j_'~o~ths ago oomniunicate.d with the lndinn Goverurn~nh ·.
~~- th~ subject: , rrhis communication, witli the en..,\ j
'\1lllsures, with the favo11'il~le 're0.01I)tnenda.tion ot' the '
~.qpr~ni~. G.overnment, was .forw~rded ~i~ht months ag<> to tl1e dourt of Oirecto-r~. in whose hn.nds tho matter
at pr~sent rests.· It appears that fun4~ s.nbscrib~d ;in
Chinni t'o:fhe Horsburgh .'testimon\nl, arq~llllt~t~g to Ors.
5 513, ar~' forthcoming, ~1,1d will be ·pa.id into tlie ha.nos
oJ. t;i.(?VE;rnment, when.eve~ a p~e~lg~ i.-; given to Qoustruct
~. H~lHfJ;!f>US~. in_ t~e: vich~i~y o~ P~~ra. Br~uc~.• Th~.
Governor most Jucl1c1oμsly: availed h,rμseJf gf. th~. p_re-,
sence of fl •. M S. Samarang, to obtain a report from the
distiagQished scieutiti'c.~. otncer . Capt •. Sir ·Ed ward
Belcher, c. B., who cheer.fully g;tve his. servipes to
promote.the erection of a testimonial to th'c·j Hydrogra,-
pher. Horsburgh. . . · ·.
Str EdwnTcl is firmly of opinion. tbat it woultl tenc:l,
mor'c:, tQ the geueral interests of tiavig;1tion, if such
'1'estimo~1ial stood upon ri. p<Jsition where iLs be,10-
fits' w:~μl~ be -gen~rally ·use.fut to the navigation of
the· Chma SQns, ns well ·as .to the. Straits. For the
lat.t¢r o,l)j~c~, ho CO!)sider!J .the Ro1p~nh\ Outer Island
tl:e most eligible site, as aff'ordiug thQ means ot' clistioplly
avoidi'ng night <la.ngers, and enabling vessels to
~ail to and frqm &iug:ipore with confi.deuce and security.
·A lino ura.wn from the ,centre ot' Outer Romania
lslancl .to the tail of Johore Bank, would nearly edipse
the pronosed light by the intervention of the nearer
land. Vessels should not be·nenr .. this Hue, bui_(aa frequently
practised in modernl:frit1~h light-houses) it would
be easy to screen the· ligh.t to the safe Ji11e, so as to
wa·rn vessels iu time to · slu:.pe a safo course,-the· rule
·p.~ing, in ~mt~,ring or quit-~ing_ the. Strait~ to.'' k~ep the
J1c',ht in sigl~t.'' The Na.v1gat10n numediately pas~ the
{~ghtpn the Cardinal points, within n, short distan¢e, ii:1
s,Efcter.:-bqL the vicinity of <lauger is ea.~ily i:nn.cle
~~_o'ff-n·by the lowe_r panes of the lanthorus ?eiug fc;>rm~<;
i of red i;ln.us at the an~le of the depression;; w.hic4
wf>uld warn in limo to h~ul off; or the rail of the; la.u~
1~,orca migl~t be atlopt_ed to tho SQ.ffi~ anu by sliithtly
o,bs,cqriqg the light qy a, ·wire gau~e~ If thi11 be, pfoc~d
t.a meet ih~ danger of the" Rock aw3:sh1" and" ~t~rk.
Reef/' which was discovered subsequent to ~i~ Eq~var~
i;J~lqhex'~ report, the re-~ppea.rauce of the hght after
p~siug this danger would-re-assure the navigator.,:. Sir
~dward ~ep9rts th'at ~he lsl~nd ~ffords goo,~ euperti,~
ia1 extent-for the cqnstruc~ion of a. light-house, wl~iclt
-~~ i~ of opinion sh~uld be bas~cl as a l\1art~llo ttj,,ve1·,
~ud ~ny chrmq~ of surprise from Pirates be obviateμ- by
cl~an.scarping to low water mar~ ; this ~ower tow~r to
be furn•sbed, wit_h a. ~rqa~l gun either for signal~ o~ de•
(fince ; the 'tower of t.h~ ligh·t-housi:, springing frbm it~
~entre.-Thif:\ would prevent the necessity ot any f'or~e
l>~vo·nd the light-kee.pers ; 0tnd it ia probable that the
)f14owled~c of a gun being t\tcre mounted would hfod~r.
f ~rates using the cha.un~ls in th~ vio111it.y. ·~'he li-ght.
J:iouse rnight be furtl~er romlercd useful as a sh;u~l
a'talion from the China sea., '· ..
· :;rh~ Malayan .. A uLhorities of Johore, in wh9s_o tei;r:-_ito~
·ry the Homauia Island is siLua.r.ed,. uot only offt,~.-the.
~~laud for a lighthouse, but expl'ess sati~foqtion a~ the
prosp~t c:>°f its erection.. l'h~ Governor 111~1nion~d to
~he ~eputa.tion of the Chamber that he ha.~ vi~ite(ll' the
p_roposed site ~n the _H. c_. S~ea.mer !)iap.~. hav_iug .-:~vith
~1m the superintending E11gmeer of public wor4s m· th~
~~raits, whom :he h~d iuslructc<l to make au estihmte
of· the cost of the propo.seu erect ion.-'l'his officer :_conl!
IJdered that o.l>out 01ie, to one nud a half, lacs of' I~1jpees
'\Y,Ould be necessary to co111pleto t.he work of mas~f!ry.
This being beyond the sum lilrnly to ue availaule:,1.tl~e
q.overuor instructed Mr. Thoms~>n, the Govern1n~ut
Surveyo·r, to submit an est,imate ; which hall bouu t:\one
~y tbat gentleman with great care and delail, au<l which
was accompanied by au, oft'~r from a Chinese couti-nctor
to erect a granite bas~ of 16 foet for Drs. 2667,
0;ud further, if required, a brick tower {exclusive of
l~nthorn nnd lamps) for 4,iS33 Drs ;1.dcti;tioual, or in all,
Dra. 7,000. 'l'h6 liovcn1or seemed t9 thiuk thaL nu
irou To ,ver on the granit~ baso, woulμ bo prel'crrahle,
to ~rick, nnd hod ~uggcsLcP. tho sending of 'ouo trom
EnJ!l_nnd, similar ~9 oue ercctud at B~rmuda, at a l!t>jf.
of £1.600. Mr. 'l'lwluson d·csorihes tl~e prop.osed sito
n.s being¾ of a miJe East ot' hr~e Ro~un11ia Island, I~
miles ('rom Point lornania, n.llll 32 mil?s East b,Y. Nort.li
·froui Singupore t wu. The rock is b~rreu, ,i11 r. height
nbout. 30 foet ab, ve big~~ wall•r sprij1i; thles wiLh a
length of I cm feet mensure<l duo gast ;mtl W t.•st,- aud u.
l?roadth of I :10 f ct measured Nor~h ;:mu South; but
c~louding 2-10 fee if measured North I East and 8outh
West. The rock s hard grey grn11i1.ul very ~ut"':,tll,fo fol'
~uilding; not Ii~~• 41, to bo wa;3he1l uy t.j10 wa.vcs· i 11 ~ad
w~alher •. Mr.· 11 omson l'i9flfJ::;ua tl~e cntraucu to the
Light house to be uy a modf~-l>lo ladd;cr or l>a:ikct nud
crone from the t I' of· tho g'rnuito bo.semem, tho_rouy
~bviatiug tho nc ·eaBity of acurpiug 1.t10 rock' to ~trnr<l
na-ainst 1;urpriso o_y pirnles. 1
Hi5 Houor the Go\·ernor dicl not se'em to be aware
tbat money ha.<l been sul:tscril>e1 iu Lo111don towards· the
e!e?tion o_f a l~orsburgh tes\imonia.l, ~,hich mouoy :lt 1s
believed 1a sl1ll μnnppropriatc<l. It, is supposed'also.
t~at money was ~ubscribetl at Calcutta, Madras, Bombay,
in America, ri.nd on the· Contineu.l of Europe, ,_with
the ·same ·object. ! Possibly this mouet• in whole cfr in
p~rt, might be giv~n towards urecling a Li,•hthou$u as
a · testimonial to l Horsburgh, and i resL; wiLh:; ·tl1is
Chamber lo decidr3 as to taki11g. any Atul what steps iu
tha m~tter. Oul,Yi about tJ 50U· is yet required to :comple~
e the Li~lnhopse accordiug to l\l r .. l'11ot!1aou
1
'!:1 .P,lau,
wluch the Gover~ior _ contemplated. be11)g g1ve~1 l>y.. the
Hou'ul~ the East Jnd1a Company. The/Lau thorn n~ig ht
perh!rs, he _sce1~' ed to thiuk, be furuishe<l by lf. M.
Q9ve r_1ment, and Lhc cost of muintaiuiug_ tl.\O 1t~ght
woul .! oe a local. harge on the rovcnue:t of S1ugapora.
On tlM~.s point it nop<l .only be .remarkod, thn.t any pl~μ is
QetLef: than encrouchrng on the freedom of the Pod by
le"vyi~~ O\'Cll a sr_nall t~x ?n vessels. Supposiu~. ~~oro
n;iouey to be rece1voch lt will became a quest1011 ,rl.,c~her to erect another Light l:louse us a. .l\:lcmorial of·Horsourgh~
or _t_o render the ~ne proposed on Romnuia: lsJiind
1:noro ·1mbstantial aucl ol!-'!gaut,-p11uci1y of mea11s
b'avin,;. suggcstoJ tho lesa dui-aule struct.urt,.
· 'l'li~ GoveriJor very judiciously r(lmurks that a. Lit:hlbouso
_if not properly a.ltcn<lod to, woult.l. prove iufinitcly
more pm·plexiug ancl claugerous t.o the .Mariner thlLn,
its total al..,aence. aucl propo::ies us th~ lowest. establish-
1neu t to ~tLe11d tho l)ght a~ii~ work tho guu in ca.!io of
· 1foccsaity, 2 Europcaus and 8 Natives. The Europcnus
iuj!gcstcd by i.he Governor ar0 pcusiouers from tho
_A.rLiPery, nt a clwrgc (in addition tu J.rnni,;iou,) of 5U H.s.
·each per .Month ; 8 :\luluy!l <moh 11 lls por :Mo11~h, Ol'
(if sanctioucd,) 8. fin1t-cla~~ Couvicts would l,c cheaper
tJiau Mulny~. Allowiu~ !iU H.uμL"es Mout1tJy for Colton,
pil, &c. thu nimual ~hargc agaimtt Llie Ucvuuuo of ::iiugl.\•
f:01'0 would bo 2,856 llupol-'s.-J·rec Prr-HH," lJcc. 4.
ANNEX MM 49
"Lighthouse at Singapore", The Times, Thursday, 22 January
1846

ANNEX MM 50
Letter from N.B. Hamilton, Secretary to the Admiralty to the
Secretary to the East India Company, 18 April 1846(enclosure No.
2 to letter from Court of Directors to Governor General of India in
Council, 6 May 1846)
{No. 4 of 1846)
Marine Department
No. 4 of 1846
Our Governor General of India
in Council.
We transmit herewith for your information copy of a letter
and of its enclosure which we have this day caused to be addressed to the
Governor of Prince of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca relative to the
Lighthouse proposed to be erected in the Straits of Singapore to the memory of
the late Mr. Horsburgh.
London
6th May 1846
Source:
} We are,
} Your affectionate friends,
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Signed.
Marine Letter from Court of Directors 1844-46
No. 4 dated 6 May 1846. [Pages 213-216)
[Cons. 3 October 1846, No. 14)
NA/, New Delhi India
1
Enclosure I.
The Governor
Sir,
of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca.
East India House
6 May 1846
I am commanded by the Court of Directors of the East
India Company to transmit to you copy of a letter from Captain Hamilton R.N.
the Secretary to the Admiralty relative to the Light House proposed to be
erected to the Memory of the late Mr. Horsburgh at the entrance of the Straits
of Singapore.
The Court apprehend that progress may have been
already- made in the construction of the Light House; but in the ·event of the
work not having been commenced they desire that it nay be suspended until you
have an opportunity of communicating with the Government of India to whom
a copy of Captain Hamilton's letter 11as been sent.
Source:
I have etc.
Sigd. James C. Melvill
Secretary
Marine Letter from Court of Directors 1844-46
No. 4 dated 6 May 1846. [Pages 217]
[Cons. 3 October 1846, No. 14]
NA/, New Delhi India
2
Enclosure 2 Admiralty
18th April 1846
The Lord Commissioners of the Admiralty having recently
learned from Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Cochrane, the Commander in Chief -
in the East Indies, that the Chamber of Commerce at Singapore with the
approbation of the Governor were exerting themselves to carry out the long
proposed Horsburgh Monument or Light House at the entrance of Singapore
Straits, and that Captain sir Edward Belcher having been consulted by the
Governor as to the most appropriate site for it had recommended that it should
be placed on the outer Romania Island instead of on Pedra Branca as
originally intended.
I am commanded by their Lordships to request that you
will state to the Court of Directors that the proper position of this Light is a
question of great importance not only to the safety of her majesty's Fleet but
also to the welfare of all Mariners that frequent the China Seas - and my Lords
are inclined to think that Pedra Branca is the best point for the Light House
and for the following reasons:-
1 st Because that Islet stands nearly in the middle of the Entrance of
the Straits;
2nd Because it may be freely approached by running down its
latitude;
3rd Because its conspicuous appearance at the distance of 9 or 10
miles renders it the usual Beacon by which all vessels endeavour
to make the Straits and by the addition of a Light it would be
rendered equally serviceable by night; and
4th Because when a vessel has passed it, the stern bearing of the
Light would enable him to shape a safe course to Singapore.
Whereas if the Light be placed on Romania Island as
proposed, ships from the China Sea if the weather should be hazy, would run
the risk of being entangled amongst the Reefs which surround that Island, there
being but one direction in which it would be prudent to run for the light.
The means of victualling and of defending the Light
House, whichever place be chosen ought certainly to be well considered, but
there is no information on that part of the subject to show that either of the
proposed sites have any advantage over the other in these respects.
3
Their Lordships however desire me to remark that the
Rocks and Shoals at Romania Point seem to require some attention with a view
of warning vessels from getting entangled amongst them in the dark nights.
I have etc
Sd. NB. Hamilton
The Secretary to the
Hon 'ble East India Company
Source: Marine Letter from Court of Directors 1844-46
No. 4 dated 6 May 1846. [Pages 219- 224]
[Cons. 3 October 1846, No. 14]
NA!, New Delhi India
4
ANNEX MM 51
Letter from Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca to G.A. Bushby, the
Secretary of the Government of India, 26 August 1846
No.123
From
The Governor of Prince of Wales Island
Singapore and Malacca
To:
G.A. Bushby Esquire
Secretary to the Government of India
Fort William
Dated Singapore 26h August 1846
Sir,
1 have the honor to transmit the accompanying copy of a letter to my address,
from the Secretary to the Hon 'hie Court of Directors, enclosing the copy of a letter from
the Secretary to the Admiralty, relative to the Light House, proposed to be erected to the
memory of the Hydrographer, James Horsburgh Esquire, at the entrance of the China
Sea.
In my letter under date the 22nd August 1845 No. 1391 intimated my unqualified
opinion that Pedra Branca should be the best possible position for a Light House, so far
as the Light is concerned, but I was induced to gibe the preference to the Peak Rock in
outer Romania Island, the position selected by Captn. Sir Edward Belcher C.B. in
consequence of the former Island being so remote from Singapore, at so great a distance
from the Main Land, and so inaccessible at certain seasons of the year.
Vide my letter
to the address
of Mr. Under
Secy Beadon
under date the
4th May last
No. 63
The recent survey of the Straits made by the Government
Surveyor Mr. Thomson and Captain Conga/ton
Commanding the Honble E.I. Company's Steamer
Hoogly has led to the discovery of so many Rocks and
Shoals previously unknown, that I only waited to learn
the decision of Government touching the erection of a
Light House to institute further enquiries regarding the
two sites viz Pedra Branca & Peak Rock
On receipt of Mr. Melvill 's communication I forthwith call upon the above
officers for their Report, which I have the honor to enclose, and by which the President in
Council will at once perceive that Pedra Branca is the only true position for a light
House at the entrance of the China Sea.
My letter under dates the 2dh
November 1844 No. 150, and
22nd August 1845 No. 139 will
have pointed out the glaring
necessity of a light House in the
The former to the
address of Mr. Secy
[Currie} and the
letter to Mr. Under
Secy Beadon.
position above indicated, but I need hardly observe that the work has not been
commenced upon as anticipated by the Secretary to the Hon 'ble East India Company - I
earnestly trust however that the question will receive early consideration, and that the
accompanying copy of a letter with its enclosures, just received from the Chamber of
Commerce at Singapore will induce the Hon 'ble the President in Council to move the
Hon 'ble Court of Directors to order an Iron light House from England for erection on
Pedra Branca - the whole of the details for the case of light Houses as set forth in my
letter under date the 28'h November 1844, with reference to its being erected on Peak
Rock will be equally applicable to the new Position.
It will be observed by the letter from Mr. A. Gordon, that an Iron light House can
be delivered at the site selected for £ 3000, or about 30,000 Rupees and by the other
letters adverted to in the Communication from the Chamber of Commerce that there is
forthcoming from
Madras .............. .
and from Bombay ........... .
which with that from China ... ..... .
RS. 780
" 4300
" 12,378
previously reported gives a total of 17,458 Rupees available for a light House and this I
have no doubt will be added to when it becomes known that Government have decided
upon carrying out the views and wishes of the Mercantile Community.
In conclusion I beg to annex a copy of my reply to the Secretary to the Hon 'ble
E.J. Company which I trust will be approved of by the Hon 'ble the President in Council.
Singapore
26h Aug 1846
I have the honor to be
Sir
Your Most Obedt. Servant
(Sgd)
Governor
ANNEX MM 52
"Presentation of a Sword to H.H. the Tomongong Sree Maharajah
of Johore", Straits Times, 5 September 1846
Straits Times
Dated: 5th September 1846
PRESENTATION OF A SWORD TO H.H THE TOMONGONG SBEE.
MAHARAJAH OF JOHORE- Tuesday last being the day fixed for the ceremony of
presenting to the Tomongong, a Sword, the gift of the Government of India, a mark
of approbation for His Highness' conduct in aiding the suppression of piracy, that
part of the town in the neighbourhood of Government Hill, presented a scene of
unusual gaiety. On the side of the Hill fronting the sea, several tents were pitched
for the accommodation of Spectators. Three six-pounders were placed in front of
the verandah of Government House, from which salutes were fired. As early as 11
o'clock, crowds of natives were seen assembling on the Esplanade, Government Hill,
&c. the Malays, followers of the Tomongong, being all armed with the Kris, and
amounting in number to about 500. The hour, 2 P.M fixed for the presentation of
the Sword was not a convenient one, owing to the oppressive heat of the sun; the
present time is also the season for fasting amongst the Malays, but notwithstanding_
these lets, a great number of persons were collected together and apparently all in
good humour.
At Government Bouse, active preparations had been in progress, a day or_
two previous. An excellent "Spread" was prepared in the shape of a substantial
tiflin on which, to fall back so soon as the ceremony of presentation had concluded.
Colonel BUTTERWORTH, C.B. Governor of the Incorporated Settlements had
invited several European guests to give eclat to, and witness, the ceremony.
Two flank Companies of the 21st M.N.I. were ranged along the Road leading
directly to Government Bouse. All the officers were present, as also the Regimental
Band. A few minutes before 2 o'clock, Bis Highness the Temongong, accompanied
by their Highnesses Sultan ALI ISKANDAR SHAH of Johore, the Sultan of
Linggin, TUANKU JAFFER, Minister of the Tomongong, and some European
Gentlemen, quitted the Court House and proceeded to Government House. On
reaching the foot of the Hill, the Tomongong and Suite got into the Governor's
carriage and passed up the Hill as far as where the Body Guard were stationed,
when His Highness alighted. The reception then took place, under a salute of 15
guns from the six-pounders in front of the Verandah. After Sundry presentations
had taken place in the Verandah, .where the followers of the Tomongong were
placed, so as to observe what occurred, His Honor, the Governor, in a clear voice
then delivered the following speech, which, as His Honor proceeded, was interpreted
in Malay by Mr. HEWETSON:-
lt is almost superfluous to mention the purpose for which we are assembled
here this morning, and more so to enter into details of the rapine and murders
.formerly committed in these Seas, by formidable bodies of what are justly termed
the Enemies of all mandkind-Pirates, - now for the most part subdued, and
dispersed, by the gallantry of our Navy, ever first and foremost to brave danger and
difficulty in every shape.
Happily for some time past, Piracy has been rarely heard of in the vicinity of
own shores, and when isolated cases, have occurred, the perpetrators have generally
been apprehended, through the exertions of the Local Authorities, and the able and
willing assistance afforded by the neighbouring Chieftains of Pahang, Tringanu,
and Lingin, but more especially by the powerful aid of His Highness Sree
Maharajah, the Tamongong of Johore, to whom I am directed to present this
Sword, in testimony of the estimation in which his service in the suppression of
Piracy are held, by the Government of India.
I congratulate you Sree Maharajah,. on the high compliment that has been
paid to you, and 1 can assure you that I experience the most deep and heart-felt
satisfaction in being called upon to present you with this token of the esteem of our
most just and ever generous Government.
Let me say a word or two, to one and all of the Malayan and Chinese people
here assembled. The sole desire of the Government of India is, that you should live
in peace and happiness, enjoying the benefit of the Traffic which is carried on with
all parts of the Eastern Archipelago; but this is impossible if Piracy prevail, and I
would therefore urge you to exert yourselves to discover, and give infonnation of the
haunts of these Enemies of all mankind, these Pirates, if any, still there be located at
Singapore, assuring yourselves in so doing of the protection and reward of
Government.
The last paragraph of the Governor's Speech was addressed to the Malays
and other spectators present. The Governor then presented the Sword to .Bis
Highness, when a salute of 19 guns- the Governor General's salute- was tired from ..
the temporary battery. The Sword is of the form used by Malays, but beautifully
made of Damascus Steel, with a yellow velvet Scabbard aud gold mounted- the_
handle is of gold, ornamented with filagre work. On the blade is the following
inscription:- ·
"PRESENTED in the year 1846 to the Tomongong of Johore, Sree
Maharajah, by Lieut. Col. BUTTERWORTH, C.B Governor of Prince of Wales
Island, Singapore and Malacca, as a testimony of the high estimation in which the _
services of the Sree Maharajah in the suppression of Piracy are held by the
Government of India"
On the observe, a similar inscription appears in Malay. The Tomongong
received the mark of approbation of the Indian Government with manifest feelings
of regard and then replied as follows, each sentence being interpreted into English
by Mr. HEWETSON.
COLONEL BUTTERWORTH
In laying at your feet my sincere thanks for the high distinguished honor
which you have conferred upon me, I am much pleased that my conduct should
have met with the approbation of Government and that my humble exertions should
have been conducive to the welfare of this community. Highly do I value this
splendid testimonial of your approbation, with pride shall I wear it and as an heirloom
it will by handed down to my posterity. My gratitude for the good wishes
which you have now uttered it is difficult for me to express and the kind
consideration which you have always shewn towards me is engraven in my heart,
with pleasure have I witnessed the zeal with which you have carried out so many
Public Improvements and with admiration will future ages view these splendid
monuments of your fostering care over all classes of this community. You govern
wisely, may you govern long, and may he who rules the destinies of Mahometans
and Christians watch over and aid you in all your wise and good works.
The ceremony of presentation being over, the Tomongong shook hands. With
the Governor and others assembled under the Verandah and then took his
departure, under a Salute of 15 guns- the mark of honour, due to his rank. The
European visitants that that remained then sat down to the very ample and excellent
entertainment provided by the Governor, and thus terminated the pleasures of the
day. Amongst all classes the utmost decorum was observed. We ought not to omit
mentioning that during the day several appropriate musical pieces were performed
by the Band.
The influence which the Tomomgong at Teluk Blangah has over the
Tamban-boys in the River and others is surprising; and were the extraordinary
hold he possesses over their minds directed as it might, and as it should be there
would be good grounds to award praise where censure is at present in some way
deserved. From all we have been able to learn, it would hitherto been elected, and
that somewhat indirectly. The receiving of a mark of honour from the British
government ought to convey to the Malays, who pay allegiance to the Tomongong,
that their respected chief has in the most open and decided manner for ever
repudiated the practice of piracy; the sword presented by the Governor and
accepted by the Tomongong ought to break the spell which the Malays consider as
binding them to a piratical course of life- That is the Moral effect which is designed .
by the presentation.
ANNEX MM 53
Internal Minute of Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince
of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, 30 September 1846
Home 1846 Dept
Marine
From
Governor, Prince of Wales Island
Singapore & Malacca.
V26Aug
rf. 30 Sept
Cons. 3rd Oct. from
)
)
)
No. 9
No. 123.
(4 encl)
This had better go home I approve Pedra Branca as the site.
Signed.
Transmit copy of a corresp. with the Secy. to the Court of Drs. together with other papers relative
to the Light House proposed to be erected to the memory of the late Mr. James Horsburg in the Straits of
Singapore, Recommends for reasons assigned, Pedra Branca at the entrance of the China Sea as a site for
the Light House in preference to Peak Rock, and as the work has not yet been commenced upon, suggests
that Ct. of Drs. may be moved to send out an Iron Light House from England, when it has been ascertained
wd. Cost (at the site selected) 30,000 Rs - of which 17, 458 had already been subscribed.

ANNEX MM 54
Letter from Government of India, 3 October 1846 & attachments:
British Library, India, Marine Department Collection, F/4/2166
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ANNEX MM 55
Internal Minute of Governor W.J Butterworth, Governor of Prince
of Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca, Minute No. 14, 3
October 1846
~!.1r: Le. Xo. 5 d/Jrd Octr. 1646.
Home 18.'.i6. Dept.
To Govr. of P.~. Island
Singapore & ~!alacca.
d/J~d Octr. 1846.
Cons: 3rd October.
Marine
No. 14
Approves of Pedra Branca as a position for the
Horsburg Light House & infor~s that the Court of
Drs. vill be addressed relative to the proposition
that an Iron Lighthouse be sent from England.
33
l,91
ANNEX MM 56
Letter from Governor W.J Butterworth, Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca to the Worshipful Master of
the Lodge "Zetland in the East", 23 April 1850
To:
The Worshipful Master
M.F. Davidson Esq.
Of the Lodge Zetland in the East
From
Governor Butterworth.
Dated : 23rd April 1850
Sir,
No. 127
You will doubtless have heard that through the exertion of the mercantile
community in China and the Indian seas and by the aid of the Honourable East India
Company a light house is about to be erected on Pedra Branca to be dedicated to the
memory of that celebrated hydrographer James Horsburgh F.R.S. by whose labour the
navigation of these Seas has been so greatly facilitated.
The philanthropic justification for which this building is to be erected viz the
safety of the mariner appears to render the occasion most fitting for the exercise of your
craft and I shall esteem it a favour of you the worshipful master and the members of the
Lodge Zetland in the East will take upon yourselves the pleasing task of laying the
foundation stone of the light house at Pedra Branca.
The architect of this most useful work reports that measures will be so far in
progress that the foundation stone of the light house may be laid on the anniversary of the
Birthday of Our Most Gracious Majesty the Queen, when should you consent to meet my
wishes I shall be prepared to carry to Pedra Branca as many officers and members of the
Lodge Zetland in the East as may desire to be in attendance on that auspicious occasion.
23rd April 1850
Source : Straits settlements Factory Records
Series: V 16
Date: 23rd April 1850.
I have & ccc.
/Sd/W.J. Butterworth
Governor
ANNEX MM 57
"The Horsburgh Light-House", Straits Times, 28 May 1850
,.,_.- ___ . . II;· J{J,1•,1~~~~\n,~H_l,1011r~fiou11~The Hoa'~.
'·bio· tho Goternor .of lho Stroilt !SetUoment, Liou~•
ec\Dnt·, Colonel \Vt(J~.'Bulltrworth C, 8, h_~•lng
. ·,, oesttd; tho. Bretbron~, of I.'.' _Lodgo ~zeuana fo
. · lh!t Buf)t ~~J.J.8 :•. -~( 117 the F oundaUon -2't~o
•i or-: tho llo_uliu-rsb . Tottimonl11,· or- -Ugbt-llouse
'.for\ in:;N~tlO":'i. with· th9.: hono~rt of -lhtlr cnn.
_•., ,.; thJ 2-t~-'tniL-the anni,crury of lier MaJes- .;f.1- Oirtb..daJ -lbi,.,\VorahipfuLAhster and Hret~
itn or; the iaboYO L6dgc, ln uumber at,out th,r-
[ '. accomiunled by HHral ,isiting Brethron,
·i1b,r t1 ed forr -P· edro Branca on lh c rnom1· ng or lh o
2-tth in the n. 1 C's. _ atc1mer . llooghl~ ond tho
barques· Aji-thlre,' In tow or lier lhj~aty • 1tr111.1er
FutJ • . ,Senn\ dlatlnguishod ,iailora, inclu~1ng
Iii• E•cellcncy Rear .Admiral Sir V. Au1un C. ~
·Na~i-LCommander-ln-chler an<! suite, lhe llon •
bit Thomai Church Rsqr. 1.leur. C.,loncl lJ~•-
1i1ter 1tteral of Cho foreign Con111l11 ind lltr•
chant: or- Singapore a oiled or ll_i .. ~onor the Gotcrnor~,-
fn,l~tlon to whncu.- .ll,I ceremony, and
accompanied him in tb~#.fo1>ghly. The' patlJ
aniYtd II Pedro Branc1aiiout l l½ hour, A. &I·,
and having dlsembtktd: the lla,onic Bodr marched
in tho following order of Procession to tht1
1ummil or lho Rock :-
Th• D:and
T7ler. with dnwn fhrorcl
Euthtffi not. numbeu uf' th• Lodge
. two.uid t•o. ,
Mem'bert of _lhe Lodge out ol Office
hro and two.
. . · · Cornocopla wiUl Coru ·
born• b7 the Wot. Put Muter Bro. J .. D. CVMll(llf_O
· ·, . . •. Two cop.. with W lne and 01I · · .
. t11t 'W'1M ._.. •1 Bro- T, O. Cu• ■ aw U.. OU IIJ Bro. Oau•nuu,o
·. The Organltt Bro. O. II. UaowK
. · Th•· lunar Guard Brother Ttto. lhnranoW
, , . .- .. b~rlng the b1ca1n10:i t·u~ a ,:);"' 'Ille SfctttuJ"Brotber '!'. H. CuP~IILL
·: l>ea.rln1. the llonlt or _Con,tJtatlttnl' on • •ilk cu1hlou
·.,.,,,,.-, ,· Tbe Treuonr aro J. t.. 8>11T11
: ~•,-,w~ NatlO t1t••pot11 .. ladltllOM
- · · · 'l'ht ·Coriolhlan Ugbt
:- -•· _:. borne "1' Drother ·H. Mr,rc1mr 8rvo!f1
·:~-- · Jlrotllff w. r4r4M0W.,lmrin1 &hi Naik&.
. . Tht J11nlor W&rdn· Bro. It. IJ.uw
,:, ·· • • :;::,~, beartns·: lht. Plomb R11l1
. :, . iw•~Tb, · Uanatr ol tbe · L6d~ , 'no· 81ofornVarcJ1n Uro . .J, JAUII
,·. . , ',, ·· bMDI · th, Le,,\ ,
.!; , .. n,i•ChApl•ID Dro{tht-lt.Y. 1'. ,v. L111•nOT . c'./1~· .. -: btarin, lilt 8'attd IA• oii a c111blon
1•'1....-0...- · T•WtMJ,tal IIC..-.tj '"'"' ~ .
;),.\...,.., WI W~ .. ~ "';'•,Dt.~- MUi .. ~ Waa4 ·
}f.i1LHnlng halto<P and. form~d a street for __ ,.tho
','Wonhlprul .• , M uler · _lo. · pan U1ro11 gh, Ow
'._:cba.pbln; '. lbe Putmulcr with lho corriucop11, tho
}senior an·d Junior Warden,, tho Drcllircn witli
\tio"~w-lno ind oil, and thci Oeacoos· wilh lhcir . \,.•inda followed ,lhc Worshipful Ah1lcr to the·;~
\r§"un,datlon-1t1t.•;~~•hcro lheJ wero t('Ctl,od by · lhe Gonrnor, o, In tho follo~lng wordt,_rl!quoal•;
_ed, th.om. lop ,, ed at oa.~ °'hh tho ceremony:-
t'' •• -1'. . . ;,-11;4:.9 ·:, •
1 Won.\iRf,.Z _ ~AftUt,r,.._fti,,ttl·: Omlunu'I\ o/ 11'4.
.: Lodt• Z.tloitd u. IA,- _:&ut:--t hue 10\lchod. _tho·
· loour of your la:,lng, on 1h11 tlie . ,nnltnr.
. 1arJ o( our btlood Q11ff'n'1 Illrtlt,d1y, th• Cou"-
Ja1lon ,tof\o or tho Llght-houu to bo ,r,0t11d
on_ ,thli 1pot for the t1fetf or th, Mnrlnor,
and'· In 'co1nmemoratlon · o thl\t ecl"brDtcJ hy-•
drognpher :Jan111 J-loraburgll F. n. 8. lo
whon laboora the m\rc,ir.tllo. "orld la 10 much
Indebted for the euy nnlgallon or. ~beae 1cu.
The phllanthropio object of tho build lo(. ,appear■
erptclally to call for the urrclt1 oC thllt crart
. which hu chuity and goodwill to All mrrnkind
at lt1 ground work;, and h, aff\lrd1 mo ~eep' ant!
unrelgned gratitloatlon •~ see ao large n ueem-
. bly .,or Muons here thi• day from the newly
fonn·,ct H Lodge. Zetland in the Eau" at our lit.
de emporium Siog-1\pore, for the . purpose of Laking
·part 111 thi, d171 ctremony; to ·which gen-.
tlem•n I 1'ill tbanlt yoa lo pr~eed \fllh the leASt
·practicable dela7 •.. , ,. . · ' · ;
;·ne Wotship(ul -Master _h,1Ying· t~hn up his-!
''poiftion on the East 1ide of the ,_tone, with the
i , Ucfgo _Cbiptaln the. Re,. Bro. _F~ W.~ Llnstcdt
~ C)lf bit. rlght,, and . on his lcfl lh~ _ put_ Mulcr
·--,,Ith \he Senior and Janior Wardeba{'.l'rwurcr, ·
--~~elal'f: an_d ot~~r-' Ornc(D_~~(~~•~-m~]•tely ,.
-~ arottnd b,m,'. nqueated lho Ch1p~~ln;'9, opon lho
?~Oft! wflh prayor, w~lcb h~idld In ·• _1ultabl&
and,)pproptlalo- ror~.'11~ Tbo'arch~.1:t~.,or tho
'b9lldlog, •:J,:;•T~. Tbomson.1 E,q. now ·_,ub~tu,d
bf(·plana 'or ~-~t+,ru.t".1!,C~_lo~ ;i (o·r l~•,-~o!.1bfp;.
l~}futt(1 ·:~r~o~i-:•~ b~rlng,/~ll~ hi•
~•ppront,··U,~fw,~. rot~~,ed lb _th~ ~~~ for:
,,h!-"ipld~~~t~! .. ~yo~~~Prnt. H~tor .. ~r~hrd · · rrom·i the_;htrtllar~!, ,nd '.- docretar,,.1 . Boule con-H ~.h1.;.d?.;-;'dif&riil-U~ ";~fn'ail.'-<'iti":J&:~- orl-'.:
r~l~st~r~o;7our·-·'· ••:•· '!..._;. ot~ 1."!J- . :'ui•-~oilii·,i -
, . •,t;·. -~ - - -~i~r!lt• il611;,0,1~
.. P91'J . , .... ~,-~ '"~~ .... =•
➔~~itj~~ r~l,ii~k~li6n·. • n"e in!~'.Guard
lhtft, ~'1,ted .,tie·,vonhiprit1U1i~r,~wllh a cop• pt~'-•p,aii . be1rlnf0lli~~f oltowing i hil«iplloo ,,.
· ~- '.:"-. -,1, ~/•~~ '-1r\- .·-.••.~ • "{r"~:':t~ i~; ·. · · ; ':'. .. " •~:1•~ .. ,.., ., ~. ~,. -, . . ;.,. '""'lA •• J''' ,.~. __ , ... )' ,:,: · : ':~ .... -, Offtl D,tlala IU 1.-..a I f-' . · .... .,._~,-~,;,--"·:1 '••1"'111 ... ,. .. 1 .. ,,,.· •, ;::~. . · li■li ...... ; ... ..,.. ti: . • , ... t .1, ·: ,~> -.~ff/:-~-, 9.••1~::r.!., et ,;::•)•~ I . ·
".._-u,ti\•MMM'"- · _ .. ;.MN IIPllitl' .. , WAu .. •
~/j;i_,: ',),,,,' \M ... .,, tf .... , ..... ,., ... ,,.,.,.,,.,ei., \;- '· · ·~•·, ,;;.r.U•F.•" ... nu• J, 111, •• .- ;,,. ..· -·.,. .. ;,t;-l. 1,' kj".',". ... .I.I "h" '"tM.'J. InMa "111'1'1 1t1 f Mar ' .. , .,.
f ·' ,,,. ,·,r. . ·?, ··-,f ........ Q,-le., M,J•11r,
{f'~. -· : .. .,,.. ~'"-~. . It '· ....
J' ~'.· ... Mllllflll I,. DUWMI ....
: i:\' \' > .• --~-,.. ..... _.. "" :. ..~;.;., ;\ ' . "1,, ;_. .. ..,, .. ,.. . ·. 1tnu• •• "' .... x--~~~:;."~:=~~~l'.~.':ie ..: ~~:::~ ...
,f;!;k •.. (.,:.~;;~-, .·•:, '.:'~~,. T,\n=. · .
· ··-·•"·\¥9W' ·., · ·, - ,:;&NMINt.,\i ,1 .
l:·' Tb1\li11crlpllon . .'plate, ~uln11 111() be.en pta~
ctd In lbl'.101fllf ~ t1,,· w0Pthl1>ru1 Af 11ter rocuh•
P Croni; Lho atchlloct a allnr t1·owel with 1orno
c,mtnt,. with which he, ptocoeded to clo111 lho
tnh7 I thls hulng been done,, and tho 1to11c low-
. ered -.Into lt1 bod,. be _d!roctcd tho A rchilect to
. ICI that il was 11roporl1 adf11~tcd. Tho Squ:1ro,
· Lnol and. Plumb Rulo woro thcrn h:mdcd lo the
· Wonhlpful .Mut'tr, who applied c.,ch l11stru111cnl
·,uceul ,ely ~o lho alone, and huing 1lrui:k it
. lhrea Umos. with hi.a mallet, uid: H ll.,y the Great
, " Architect or, the: .U nlrrrse_gr:ant n l.Jlruiug on
; '' lhi1. atone, whfcb wo h.tve now laid, and by
! ~, llis Pro,idcnce enablo us to finish tbis aut! c,·cr7 '
! ~, olhcr ,irtuousiii11·1~derlaki9&t The Brethren
; replied . " So . ttiote .' it IJ'};f!:i: :md guo the urn al
; lluonic ulule. The Wo',ihipful lhster ncit
i called for lho cornucopi~ co11taining corn, and
: tho cups with the wiμe and oil, and having pour-
I ed tho conlenu f.' each . succcssiYely o,er tl,c
j alone, uid: "fh'J the All·BounlCC?O! Aurhor of
i " Nature IJleu our .. Island,· ol ,d,ich · thit Rock
.
61 II I dependcnCJ_, .uith Corn, Wine and Oil, 111d
· " with all tho nece111ry ·eomforls and co11v11-
" nience, or life.'' Tho Drerbr,m again rotpon.
ded •;\bO mote It bo 'f and ,aluled at at,o,o.
: 1·bo chaplain proneunced 111 appruprfato prayer,
. and tho. Wonhlpru1, M11ler· then adJreucd lbc , ~:~e~:~;":~;;:7e~- pre1e~>.l In U~~ ~·o:lu wl~g. i
,: lt'."·iil be impossibl.~\to· convey ~o you in Rdcq1!nto
term~, the. ,i,ry high_ 11~" _'·e111e!tRtnetl by niy~dl ~nd
brethrcu of tbe ltono(- you· hl\ve dune 1)8, 111 l111nng •
thus publicly culled upon· u! l•> as11i·at with our _ ~Ju.
sonic art;'dn-layiug tbo f,nin,lation alone uf the Light-
. Honse ab:ciut to be constructed Oil this spot, in cu,11~
i ·memo;atio·ri', ol tluf 11i:rvice:s of thl\~ distiuguiJJhed Hydrogrnpller,
j ame11 llor.sburgh, by~,vl~0,ad_ en 1cqiri zing
genius, •ftnd 11urrnssi11g Zl'RI, the' nlll'llf~~I0.11 • uf tht•c:
intri~ce ,e,u, bu l>et'n wgre-11.:, fac1hl_•tcd. As a
bod7>.wo fuel. J11a1ly proud or 1h11 dl111mc11on th111
,co11C1Jrred upon u• lu h11vl11ir c,11~1nln~d '~- our rMu,
· the oommt'nctimcnt of II work of 1111ch v1111l 1111 purl 1111cc,
to evc:ry in,nhime ·nlllion in the world, l\11d 11,, v.:rfocl· ly accotd,mt with tho:ie principles . uf. ph(l1\llllirop_Y
which (or1i1 the baai1.of our A11c1tmt 1n~u1ut1011:1; 111111
l. 1h11ll ever ntceni. it' 011& of the hllp1Jh:sl circ11mi,l11n ·
. cea o( my life th<lt the u·rethreu of Ludgu Zu1ln111I in
. 'thlS Eul ht1Ve bdtln callc:d uvon to c:xcrc111tl their CrnfL
lnao l11ud11ble and·great ..:n·und~r11t~i11g during tire
pc:riod that l en.foy 1 . through. their k1ud 11Utfogu:1, the
:honor of occullying the .M1u11er·11 chair.
' All pre11ent 1uu1t_reg11rd It u a mos~ auspicious event
.tbai lhi ■ noble work: 1i11S bun .bc~un on a d11y held i11 _
the hlghut venerallon by every srilish subject, ns being
. the anniveraar7'ot Hor ~lodt Orucio11s :i111je11Ly'• 11irt11
; day; and to 7011, Uon'ble ~lr; Is the credit due o( h1n·l11g
; aelocted this sn1111t tlttlu~ mode u~ lr~1lfyi11g our loyalty
to our beloved•1onre1gn on lho occ:iAi"n, who I f.-rl
19auttd could ''de■lro.no srcater and more pleasing pr_uof
or our attachment .to her royal person, 1h,m our bc111g
.engaged, aa ~- aro thl• day, la yin.I! lhe -fou11datiun of tl
~tructure whlolf'.wlll tend lo ·vromotc lho welforo of 110
,.many uC· be;:_bjecta. lt \Tould, yerhRp11, be no ,·ery
difllcul~ t.aak. · ·• furo11ee the txtent of 1111,fulncu to the
bomintroe··oC•. t oJ,cciuntry and •·to th~t of rqu11lly ei.
\'Ui&ed power•; but· 1en wo oontemplote it• effect In fo11-:
~ertng our lntercou wilti &he 1cml-barbarou1 nation ■
: bf El\1t,rn Aila wlllc 11urrou~d u,, wh_uAo want. of •kill
: In~ theart or na,igatlon rendtr diem 10 (requentl1 A
, proy to tho mf1Ctnfl of !ho . .mlghtf d•rp, a nil srnd• 10.
blaterlall7 to.'_re■irlot their l\dvanoement, ~YO 11h11ll bo loat
ln a·.muo or conjeetur.e and .11urmt1e., · · ·
, :Tho. dlaaatrou1 elfocta reaultlng from the absenee·ota
Light-Hou•~ l~ .this Joo.allty, in ·the lon of huma11
. life and "1ie) etteri11tve ."deitrucdon of property, have uern
• too ;frequoritlf and too·1ovorol7 Ceh within lnto yean not
·. to""rended~,',_a matter. ohho .. deepe11l concern to- all who
feehn· interen· In tbe't, ptoapority of··,·oommeroe and the _
.. weltare of their fellow creature• that thii· "ork, :which, un- ~ ! ~~r. )'oti~_ nu•plces_ we h~:,e·,now,•~~'.lhapplly begun, ·abould .
. ·tavo been 10 Joilg'deterred. I .alio'1ld· thereC01e.· be· Joi ng
·. ou· a great i_~J1111lce~were I t~;refrlll.l-Jrom. lu>ii_olng how ;
: uch t!ie_. _world l~ ~nthb.t.ed;~~-_you, '.i:IR~'bl~ S,lr ;·. Jor -h·a-:. ·
:: ~lng 'brought:·.tho·lneoe.■art~~rt¼~iJ.olfl ~~l~: ~o: a conllu-
:: ,_Ion, whloh .~ut f0t.:J'd_t1r,'.-~~~ea,mg ,: ancl: 1tren1:1ou• advo-
·. cacy n~ the cau•~;:ralfJl!-jili~{Jl_t,~enpfO\tllOt.ed \o an
-l~_dofintt~ .porlod'.~~\?-f~i:~~~r~frp~~ti_, thtt ··opportunity
4to eacapo me or.~-~~d~gyo10d7_:mo1t hoa·r.ty_ congratulctlon11
t,1th1t ~-~11r,}~n1;;•nd·11 u~efll!.:ca~ee~:·a~.the :.chief authority
~11.:, tli~:~~l~.j;~f Jd al1oc,;,t,,,..liloh.;h~11. Unded 10 muoh
.;:i~, ~e_; lmpi,e,1,1 1_. entand'.e~'l)e. \lla.~tnent·.ot the eettlemonts
ff49der//.o'ji. e,.■houhl b«!\~O'!n~d(~j_a labor o"loulated
... ,c,:t,_e .. •~:~-~-]-l~:thelr~bla~~ty;•Jfan~:.to 'teftec\ enrlutiog
· hono.r:on!11,ourielt,'.'.'!~il'i1l~x~.r; . .,:?, :_. :-. ·: ., . , .. ·,· .. ~ • - ·
. ·-~•::.~3?!..4·~~-· .. :.:___:_,:_:•:·~t~~'1,\t'.!.1,1:\:__'~-. . .
.... ~------~------------- '",Thi aJlnr_ple()ft were, t·Cro,m, ha1rcrown, 1hllllni, 1hpo000,
ptm\f, .hair pann,, ruthlnf, Mlpot1 hlllf ll\4 1\UlHh•r nljlt'O I tl11• ooppnr
hool111~on1latoJ o II pe••nI hnlf ponny, t,,rthlnit, cl.~htht, 1rn'1 ,txtoontb.
, of a pt,11n7, Anna, h11tr n,I q1u,r1er I rent, half o&nll qturtn cent'. ·
·,·•.'The f.)llo"lng 11atnno111 ot the lnad, wu illlO drpo•lttd In the ruh7: ••
_:, · Tho Tr~ for the 7oar 18,&·0 of Prlnoe of w, Ill■ hl11nd, ~Inga pore
.c' and MalcOCl._ •r~r,-ttd tho 1um ot Comp1101•• J• u~ o,11i11,;-n ln
f Merclaodbl! nd mplllly', Ruptt1 19,l1U ,aa In 1\ul\li.11:i and Trco1urr,
. D111li.lnf • Ora1ul. Total 0C01,1·J1,1199 Ru;>N• ( ncluaho or tbo Trado 1J1-
t wee11. t~ three .. tUemeou) u Collow11
·· ., -•~ .. ,.. ,, \ · · Impor11
. P .. .,, _- llla~ :: . ; ........ Rt:.·. 0,6'>8,.1&1
· etnrapore .................. - .,·. ,.,,,01,t:aa
Xalacaa ............. ;_..... .., 807,98:1
:B1por11
8,AH.047
,:1,a10,005
,09,037
12,0U,'18
&a,Oil,66&
l.017 ,019
. '. .· {,,
"Orahd _Tot~ Co.RI. 111,121 1099
rs lnr•por,e · )
. 9,h ,.AprU J~O w. J. nu-rnmWORTJI
! -~- \' , ~nrn11r F. of W, hl_und
._,.~ .. , . . 8Jn5ruporo end ?tlM\-,cca
. Tbe ~-rena1 and Ch•rittt far the 7nr l!HB-49 ut l'rlnce of W11lt1
hland; ftln1apore and ~ILlt.Ctl" llleludll\,r Chll, and Mlllt1ry 1 ~arlnc,
. JudklDI, oondr.ta .tr.·&,.. wore u !ollow1 1 lhe 8t11tlun• b1•ln1t un1lcr
tho dlrKtloa ot ll,11 Hon'ble E, A. lllandell 'R.<i- Tho Hon'ble ·L Church
E,q. 11.Dd the Hon,ble C1pt&.ln J. Ycrrltr rnpodl ,el7, ·
• · . · Ch ■ r1tn1·. ·
. P. W. Jaland Co's. Ra,. Cll,787-U 7 .
8lnK1pore ...... ,, .,, ··no,a27~,.&.2 ·
lfal1cca ........ ·,," ,. . Ut,eo, 14-2 n,, J,2U,oo.a_.u
'J'. W. ~•land Co'a Jt,. ~~:;:,~:.~\ · · ·i · . ...
flln11po~.... ,, ,. ••··•~~-C •,·.'
Malacca...... ,, ,.• Ul,64&-l•I n,. 7111,560-1-1
Total do~I& at tho I lotUeJiM.Dtl co•,. I~. 4:,7 ,870·2 I
' "' Hlll 't~mo} . . . .w. 1. nunv.nwonrn
: • • • . .• ,1 CIOTIHOOf nf Ii;._ W, IA:nnd
•h; · •·: · ,·• .,w · · · .• , · · 141n1apon, lad )bh:cea
' • • 2', B, I Cot11p11s7 :SOropeaii' artmery, 1 Oompan7_ Ooh1nctaa11, 1
.·.• .•rhneM Math, ,iaru,,, ,11,., tbt eonimud or Llt11tfnan1 Oul.
•.:· ODtl M....t\fr llt&. Nf1.. Jir; 'zt. l,; IU1 ~,SA:c,, a 1ceam.r ID4 ' .-.
. ;•.-~~-~•• .-_,·, · '- ... ~ . .-·.,.t.:.~,tt:lt,":'d ·:.:&.-c .~.:-. · . ·•:.: '-:.\ ... i.·,c- .-;_ .•.
l:fr~~ul>ti~.· .th~--reCollcoti~n or ~Ms. ci'~y'11'pro~e~d ings. 1ti11
f forrl'nn a(ttr ye11rs,_whcn you rnay bo romovorl fro111 tlus
)i aoepo of ,your prucnt' labour.s, not:the lc1ut.plca11ing of
?'.)•our':rcmlnlscenou, nnd that you rnny lonK hvt? lo enjO\'
:I the ~oo_nte1nplatlon ,of your • put· usffol and honor1ulh!
·,· .. oaretCr .h mt 1i11cer~ · wirsh, r·,
f !Vl:fool. U11ff I ■hould Ill .acquit rny~rll o! thr h,k .
.
1:7oll .. hu:1·· nulgnod_me •·'""rll l to omit· tn pay &Ju•t trl-
. · \,uto: to tho· munlt\'conal of tho"a moroluull•. llnd m11rlnor11
. to. who,, llbor,,llJ:. WO ue lndulJtl'ld for tbo 11uclou1 or th,, .
· fun~ r'Al11ocl furltit ort'otlon of thq odll\oo o(\Yhloh wo h11,..,.-
. : \bl1: _da7 kill tho foundl\ltun 1tnn~. . ·
'i'h;\11k1 uo al11n · duo to th'1 lloh'l,le thn Court of J)j.
:rootort_ot. tllo ·Jt111t l1~tlll\ Uomprmy for h1\Vln1e 11c\unc1•rt
tho romnlnln,1 nim nouu"ary to ,lfunl thl• do1lr111Jl, ohjoo\.
'i'~o morlt• ,,r thu dl11l1111ul11hotl lnt\ll.U) whou 11\t'IIIIII )'
. th1 Lli,ht•llnu111 l11·to- bo· drul01\t01\ 1uo ton unlver•nlly t..,i.
· knowl1Hlgcd 1 to need 11ny lttn!Jthonod 11nt\\lgyrlo on 11,y 1111n.
Hl11. o~mvKohorulvu olurt1, ,rnd clntiornto 11nd lnv11!11111,1,,
■ ailing ·dt·r,cllot111, tho bbor or )'Cl\1'11 11! unllrlng cxNtlo11
· and d~votlon, 1tat'hp him n ■ • mnn or nlrnm,t unrx11111-
. 1,led go11lu1 l\ud. lndu,_try. To· lho r11Hlg1L,or or th1•11,.
1u1 tho nnino of 1loul.iu11gh l" nl1111111t "" fo111\1111r u .. hi-.
own, n1l1l n111ong 1h11110 \fho aro 011g11grcl In 00111,·1wrco 111
thl11 q1111rtcr or tho Uloho, who is thon•tl111t clot•11 nnt fo1·I
nnd 110k11owlct11(" \ho c.ll•tpcAt dl'l>~ oC graitlt,,du to lrim. ·r,.
tho mninory or 0110 10 <luvuton to rho c;1u110 In wliirh 111-
mou hi• wholo lire wu1 11po_nt, wh11t mort' 11pproprlnro 1r. ...
tlmonl,.l could hi, 11ffl•rt-1l thl\_n tho oultlco 110w lo Ill• en)ct.
e,I. Anu 1 1rnppllcato tho Supremo Architrct of till' "U11l,
·cr10 110· to ulu,.• Lho work thni it 111ay lo11H Wilh~tnrt<l lhl"
ro,·a~I!!\ o( time, and l>itl ilctt,rnco tu tlil' hlllow~ of dc.•truotlon
that eurroun,\ it, to be a. towor by <l11y nnd II lixht h_\
nlKht to Hul<lo tho Ill irint•r in h:s cuur:1c f.,r 111-:,·"
to oomA, anJ lhat sucot'cJing gr.nl'ratl1>n"', wltil.,t thry 11dmiro
tho ~c11iu1 of hl1n to Wl'IOSC? memory it i1 r,11.;cd,
rn11y hB\'C cn111c_ to regard with gratiluuc thu~c to whom
its crt•ctlon l,c-duo.
: . Tho Go·l'l~rnor replied ns follows:-
:'.'',:-. 1Vorah~iful. Ma,ter and Ge11llemen a/ tlie Loclge
:I:,:.· ...'. .. -· Z., ~t1u· n cl 'm. in' e E~ ast; -
:: · l'_:thnnk you f~1·. the nl,l_o mnnncr in which you
.hn,e bren plc:111cu.to pcrfo.-m thi1' dny's mnst in.tcr-·
-.~iiting ceremony. I hn,·o r,·cr ~onored tho Craft
. of i\luE-onry nml the solemnity_ which ha:1 cha:'
ractcrizcJ this day's procccclingi hns 111a1lc me feel
,. tho '<le~pee·t re·spcct for whnt l hu<l prc\·i,,us\y
· honored.' · · · · ·
· The kinrl t·erms in which yo.I, Gentlemen :\la-sons,
h_a,·o been plens~d to speak o~ myself cannut
foil- to :be deeply. ·gratilying; _and \vhut ha~ p:1:-scrl
this c\ny wi01l indeed have· 11 IIIOSt p1·omi11l'III plac,i
nmo1igst tho mnny pleasing rccolh:c1i1m,; which l
slll\il take with me lo my nnli\"o :1111cl, whe11 lc:I\'-
.. ·ing ·the· Strni:s, ,vht're, I may i111ly :-iny, I ha.r,:
·. ho11e1Hly lnborecl to the utmost or lily 11bility for
the adrnnc'!ment of the three slalion~.
. . J should bo. \v:1111i11g i11 j11>1t\l'I! It) the l!Wl'C:\11·
: tilo community an~ 111:u·iucr,1 i11 Cliiua· if I 0111it.
·te~ to notice \V.QBt you mcntiol\ of llicir libcrali1_r,
for thdr <lo11et ions to\V nrds the Hvrshu, gh tei,1timo~
ial, magnified ·by lho m1111iticc1rcc of )Icssr:1.
}ar_cline, Ml\thcso11 nllll Co. in ~.llowi11:; cornpounrl
i "lntert·11t on the •um rnisecl in 1 ~Hl, mo~t ci:rtain-
1 ly ~nabled_ u~e t~ C\'l\ upon .t11e r.o,·crnme11t or
India for 1utl II\ this matter. lhc c;ill wa,.; readily
re11ponded to aml fn\·orably rccci,·c~I by the H~11 ·_
. ble. Court of Director!!, ns our presence here thi,t ·
'day bears evidence. Blit, gc111lerne11, there is 0110
. other person whoHe zenl in this c11use mu:-it 11ot l>c
lost eight of.· I nll11de to one of the oltl-::1t and
moslret11>ecte1l Rci,i(lcnta In Si11g:1porl',Jol111 Purvis
. Esquiro who· hns narrowly wntchecl & enrnt·atly aicl.
ed the nutho'ritiea on tlii11 occn~iun. 111111 who~c ahlo
sugge&tions for the more· safu nnd ep~e1ly n~~-igntion
of the Strnite of Mulucca, ~uh:icquendy cn-
.larged upon and recnrninendl'J l>y lhnt e.x~cllent
body .. t.he Sing.11porc _Chnm~er of.Commerce, I
. hope e,·en tua_lly, mny be carried int'o dfl'Ct.
· Gentlemen, 1 entru11t tho completion of llic buil,1-
. lhg, .of :which- you h1wo now lai,I the _fnu'ndntion
. stone,:to that vnlunhte· nnJ inrtefntigi'lble. pul,lic
Bervaritiiuid able archltoct, Mr. 1'homt1Ull, with th,
: utniosi- confhlence,•.l\li<l I ngnin thank. you mo:-t
· einc.erelyJor: the · Jnbors ofahis clay nntl for th,:
· iniprestiive manner in wh~ you lul\'o excrciserl
your MRsouio Ornft 011 rhe oocn11ion, nccomp,uii1!1l
l>y,:; the•.: warmest, upreasione of loynJ ry Lo our.
,:,·m.o·slj' prnciotis :: ~ajes ty .. Qneen -·Vi_clorin, who, (w~ilsf<:~~~,!~;~r_t,h_e_ }grentest;:: P~te~t~t~s:of tlrn
· E,,r~~!~~l~f:i~,~t~tilf~~l_e_~a-_::(ro,m::-o.r,:. tottered oa
<thel~Jtlirohes,'.;hasi.remarne~ th:mly :eentell. ~up.
t,pui~_~<\·.~~J.elf,by/piif:aff':'c_t_io·w~ 'of her pe· oplei-an,t
:{:.b'o_,"Jar,-:·,prelid; and deep_ roottd :nro thoeo nfft>c.
Jt(o~s'~:tha-;,eritime'nts promulgnt_cd ,.by tho litth,
{tB~iid'ii·ere coUeoted_ . on this,isolntell llpot will still
l;.further'.'ieatlry'to::tht! \VoHd~ffnrge.,.Let us now
-:::'unlto,:i_n ~hrc_e_h_enrtf~hecr,,to thel_1ealth, p~osperity
{&;,long_;~onlmued re1gn o_f~ur Quct!n,; God ble:!ll
fiJ;i•~·~ ·:_t~~~~}1H:'.m!¾~/:~ ··: t:i .-f? .;t~r) d..; : ~ ·; !~::_.~ ~ · .. ; ! ; · . .
,,
I
The Brethren - then opened n pass.1gc to
. allow the Governor .lo return, a11d·1hc· Party embarked
at 2 P. M. 011 hoard the llooi;lily, when:
a most sumptuous. dejeuner was prepared, to
which llis Excellency lho Naval commamlcr-inchier,
the .Governor and his guests tlirl a:upl,:
·. justice, displaji!l~ their. loyal atlachmc11L to 011r
I.Jcloved sovereign an~ arknowlcdgi:1;.; the kin1l-
· Ji11css of their host by · enthusiastic · acclam.1- .
Lions. ller·_:l\lnj.,~ty's Steamer Fury took the
_,llooghly -~~f:Aj_rshiro. in low, and in the dashing
high servic'e_like character of thal $hip, brou3ht
holh vo~sets~-inlo. Harbour by hair pHt six iu
the evening, nnc·r, :u we assured, a 11111st delight-
. ful and pleasant excursion, the f clicity of which
: was heightened not only by lhc liencvolcnt ol,:
·jccl _they h:id c'ompas5cd hut l,y tho hearty co-,:
opcration and.,j·aid atfurdetl IJy His Excellency the.
· Naval Comm11ridcr-in-cl1icr, a11d the gallant Com,
mander. <>f Jho_ fu.ry, .:i:! 1
_
ANNEX MM 58
Letter from J.T. Thomson, Government Surveyor to T. Church,
Resident Councillor, Singapore, 2 November 1850
To,
The Honourable Thomas Church Esq.,·
Resident Councillor
Sir,
No. 28
On the completion of this season's operatio~ at the Horsburgh Lighthouse now
in the course of erection on Pedra Branca I do myself the honour of reporting therion to
you for the information of government.
It will not I presume be necessary for me at this stage of the works to trespass on
your time and attention in detailing the obstacles and difficulties encountered during the
progress of this unusual engineering undertaking in which I and my assistants have been
engaged I will therefore merely confine myself to laying before you a statement of work
executed and what it is proposed to be done next season for completing the whole. ·
The masonry of the building has nearly been finished and this places the early
and ~ccessjul completion of the remainder beyond a do:ubt. The highest course laid is
80 feet above the level of high water spring tide- 59 feet above the first entire course of
masonry and 64 ½ feet above the lowest .stone in the foundation. 11 ½ feet in height
remain to complete the total elevation to the tower which will be 91 ½ feet above NW
spring tides. The original proposed height was 90 feet but 1 ½ feet will unavoidably have
to be added to the height of the Light room wall to conform to the plans of the Lighting
apparatus designed by Messrs Stevenson of &lingburgh.
The total sum expensed on the works (exclusive of superitendance) this season
amounts at this date to the sum of 9061 Sp Dollars and 2 3 Cents and the following is an
estimate of the probable cost of the remainder.
Ashlar Stone work of Capital including
Parapet and light room wall -----------
do- of out offices
Granite pavement to rooms
Labour in erecting-do-----------Tackle
and machinery----------,--Windows
doors stairs and all fixtures
including labour-----------
1200.-
180.-
250.-
300.JOO.-
500.-
Temporary houses for workmen
Hoisting and placing lantern &
setting up Lamp Machinery
Repairs to Tongkangs----------Pay
of her crew for 3 months ---------
2 Iron Rings let unto masonry
Nails baskets saws chisels hammers
and other small articles
8 barrels cement
Cash Keeper and watchmen IO [months]
Contingencies & unforeseen expenses I 0%
Amount already expended
Total
JOO.-
200.-
100.-
192.-
30.-
100.-
64.-
150.-
3466.-
346.60.-
3812.60.-
906].23.-
12873.83.-
The original estimate amounted to I 3, I OJ sp dollars 78 cents it may therefore
with confidence be anticipated that the work according to the" original plans and
specifications if not somewhat less in cost will not be exceeded
The sum expended/or superintendence amounts to 527.22- 454.50 having been
paid to Mr. Bennett the foreman for IO months sevices at of I 00 dollars and 72. 72 to the
temporary extra foreman· Mr. · Lewis at Pulo Ubin for I month and 20 days. The
anticipated remaining cost on this head will be
My awn deputation allowance for 2 years @150 $ 1636.08
Mr Bennett's salary for I year @150 $
Mr. Lewis salary for I month @I 00 $
My table allowance when on board the Hooghly
Amount already expended
Total:Sp Drs.
808.04
45.45
227.25
2726. 72
527.22
3253.94
Adding the cost of works to the cost of superintendence the total anticipated cost of works
already sanctioned exclusive of lantern and machinery will be I 6, I 2 7 Sp Dollars 77
cents.
The experience of a seasons operations at the work has shown one the necessity of
some additions to the original plans which I could not possibly have anticipated as being
required for the comfort and safety of the light keepers having only had prior to the
commencement of operations a few cusory visits when any peculiarities in the formation
of the rock did not strike me as being possible to be taken advantage of also the action of
the waves around the rock have proved considerably different to what I had expected
The arrangements that I had designed for the landing have thereby proved ineffectual.
The first addition I would humbly propose is a platform of stone i 8 feet. by. 20
feet io be constructed near the entrance to the light house where stones and water could
be laid preparatory to their being hoisted into the building .. The rock being rugged and
uneven makes the construction of a platform extremely desirable.
The second addition I would propose tho' not necessary- I feel convinced will
meet your ready sanction is iri having a small garden - which it happens can easily be
made in a gully between two of the highest rocks. The size will be in miniature only 14
feet by 20 feet but the recreation and occupation of mind not to say relief to the eye by
giving it something green to rest upon in the su"ounding expanse of sea will I hope be
accorded to the solitary beings that will tenant the rock.
The third is in a new landing place to be cut out of the North east rock: this I find
is the only place that a landing can be effected during the strength of the South West
Monsoons. In the light where I had made the present landing stairs the influx and reflux
of the Sea is so great that unless in calm weather it is unapproachable.
The fourth is for channels for collecting rain water. The utility of this I need
hardly dilate upon.
And the last in the construction of a wooden pier of the best timber on the South
side of the rock so that by its means a landing may be effected during the calmer days of
the North F,ast Monsoon its mode of construction cannot yet be determined upon until I
have an opportunity of viewing the force and play of the waves round the rock- during the
strongest part of the NE Monsoon for which purpose it would be of great consequence
that I frequently visit the rock in these coming months.
The Jo/lawing is the probable cost of the above additions.
Platform 388
Garden
Landing place
Channels to catch rain water
Wooden pier on South of rock
JOO
50
200
824
Conti gents and unforeseen expenses, 10% 82. 40
Sp. Dollars 906.40
86
I would humbly solicit the early decision of Govt. regarding these additions as in order to
have them finished in good time next year. The stone part should at once be commenced
be upon at Pulo Ubin- If these additions be sanctioned they will render the works at the
rock as complete as could be desired The construction of proper landing places as
experience of the actions of the waves have pointed out in the passed SW monsoon and
will point out in this coming NE monsoon, I conceive will be a great desideratum to
obtain, and they will obviate much expense trouble and accidents in future times and they
cannot be more easily and unexpectedly executed, than while the other works are
progressing these will complete the permanent works.
I would next beg your kind attention to the furniture and movable articles which
tho not in the original estimate are essential to the completion of arrangements for
showing the light and the works could not be handed over with safety by me to the
functionary who will be entrusted with the maintenance of the light until everything has
been satisfactorily put into regular routine. I can scarcely anticipate every minute article
that will be required but will enumerate the following article and fittings- which I think
will include nearly the whole
1 clock 30. - brought-forward
1 [. . .} lamp
3 [. .. ]
Tackle/or}
having up
provisions
9 bedsteads
1 te,lescope
10. -
9. -
JOO. -
27. -
16. -
192
20 water barrels
6 brass wash basons
1 boat
Davits for -do-
8 chairs
3 tables
Contingencies 10 % •
Sp. Dollar
192.00
JOO.-
12.-
90.-
40.-
8.-
12.-
454.-
45.40
499.40
Regarding the requisite establishment of keepers etc I did myself the honour to
offer some suggestions in my letter No. 20 of 1848. In that I proposed that the gunboat
should be charged with the duty of carrying out stores and provisions and that 3
Europeans and 3 natives should be employed to watch the light. Subsequent experience
and close attention to the subject which I then had not had opportunity to obtain have
considerably modified my opinions. I therefore now take this opportunity to lay before
government the alterations that I would humbly suggest in this department with such
information as bears on the point. ·The objections that occur to me against the former
proposed arrangements are in the smallness of the party of keepers left on so solitary and
distant a position without protection at hand. And the great length of time they would be
debarred communication in case of sickness or accidents to any of them. In similar
situations in Britain the greatest care is taken that the keepers should never be debarred
from communication with the shore - thus the Bell rock light- house has its shore station
12 miles distant at Abraoth where a party is always on the watch for a signal from the
lighthouse denoting that communication is required Where a vessel that is kept solely to
tend that light house immediately puts to sea. The same is the case at Kerrysore and I
believe at every other lighthouse of kindred nature such as the Eddystone, Tuscas,
Earlingforld, Napline and one or two others, the Horsburgh Lighthouse which is as
distant as any of these from the nearest shore namely 10 English miles on a rock as
barren situated in a position most important to the valuable trade of the east where
cargoes of the richest and vessels of the largest and most valuable will depend for their
safety on uninterropted showing of the light- I trust that it will appear to government,
should have all the care and attention paid it that such structures have in the mother
country. The employment of a large body of men at the lighthouse on another account
which does not exist on British shores is in the number of Pirates that continually infect
these Seas I need hardly recall the many instances that seems to prove the extent of
Piracy. I may mention one in the plunder of the town and the capture of the inhabitants
of Singkil by the Lanuns two years ago, a place situated only 90 miles from Singapore. It
may be true that the building as constructed would hold out against most of the piratical
vessels that would attempt to molest it if they should be so inclined- but I would humbly
suggest that means should be taken to prevent altogether such an occurrence. Point
RQmania the nearest land to Pedra Branca is the best situated for such a station as are
always attached to British Light Houses. It is also the point most notorious for the
piracies committed in its proximity and consequently the most dreaded by native traders.
The fact that as piracies had been committed at the spot this year where one or the other
of the gunboats was always stationed strongly convinces me that a station there would be
eminently subservient for two purposes viz the protection of the native trade from pirates
and the tending of the Light house. Were I not aware from previous conversations with
you that there are insuperable objections to erecting a station there I would have ·
earnestly recommended to your favourable consideration the erection of a station on that
point in which an armed party of not less than 14 men and two boats could be placedone
a fast pulling boat for inshore duty and the other a safe built boat for sea duty. Here
a constant watch could be maintained on the light house and their rapid presence could
be had at the rock in case of need If such an arrangement could be made I would not
advise more than 3 men being stationed at the Light House at one time viz 1 European
and 2 natives which would render a total establishment of 2 Europeans and 3 natives
sufficient. The Europeans changing duty monthly and the natives every two months by
turns in having a small establishment at the rock a great desideratum is gained in the
small quantity of water and provisions required to be sent out. In case of this
arrangement being found inadmissible as the next best course I would humbly propose·
that a gunboat be always stationed at.Point Romania and in case of her absence to be
relieved by another but in case of the absence of both- a boat crew of 6 men to be left
with the light keepers who would thus form a party that would prevent the risk of any ·
molestation. The lighthouse boat of course would be there to carry off the 6 men in case
of necessity-such as the want of water and provisions. The third and last proposal that I
would trespass on your consideration should the other two be found impractible is in the
augmenting the party at the rock to 1 European and 8 ootives- 2 of the latter would be
light keepers and the others to form a boat crew for a boat which should always be
hoisted upon the rock this would render a total establishment of 2 Europeans and 12
natives necessary the former to change monthly and the latter every two months but a
serious objection against this proposal is in the large quantity of water and provisions
that would be required but it appears to me to be the smallest scale that could safely be
maintained to carry out the permanent object of the service viz the steady maintenance of
the light where once shown. Under this arrangement it would be only necessary for the
gunboat or steamer to carry out provisions and water monthly to the rock and for the
changing on the watches.
Where the lantern is to be of valuable metal and the lamps and reflectors to be of
the finest and latest improved constructions in which much silver and copper is used I
hardly need suggest that strict rules should be carried out against those half fishing half
piratical sect called · the orang Ryot or Laut, being allowed to obtain admittance into the
building - they frequently visit the rock so their visits should never be encouraged nor
any trust be put in them as they would be sure to pillage the building if they found
themselves strong enough. In the straits and islets of the neighbouring shores and
islands many are the lives taken by these people when the object to be obtained is only a
bag of rice or other articles of little more than one or two dollars value.
It remains for me to state what is proposed to be done now and next season. The
capital of the Pharas Pillar is now in the hands of the Stone Cutter at Pulo Ubin. It is to
be of superior style of workmanship to accord with the beautiful design for the lanterns
sent out by Messrs. Stevenson. Mr. Bennett the foreman is now here engaged on that
work. I would also propose to place in hand immediately the extra stone work required
· for the platform if sanctioned The tongkang boats etc are also undergoing repairs at
Pulo Ubin. · These were much damaged against the rocks at the Lighthouse. In Singapore
the stair mouldings, doors windows, copper and brass work and all other fittings &
finishing will [. .. J I have leisure from other duties have to be commenced upon and
finished before we proceed out to the Rock again. The repairs to the gunboat "Nancy"
should also be completed as early as possible, has reported crazy state was a constant
source of anxiety to use during the last season. It is of the greatest importance that we
should now be well informed of the state of the weather out at the rock during the North
East monsoon. Such as the times that the monsoons set in, cease for a time and when it
blows strongest. Also the action of the waves on the rock should be narrowly watched so
that the requisite arrangement may be made for the construction of the landing pier etcfor
that purpose I would propose keeping the "Charlotte" stationed at Point Romania to
put out to the rock as opportunity offered and to register facts connected with the above
points. It would also be extremely desirable that I should go out at least once every
month to judge for myself- for upon these facts when ascertained will depend all
concluding arrangements & plans which could scarcely be made without a thorough
knowledge of them. ·
By the first of M(!rch next year the gunboats should proceed to point Romania to
prepare spaces, watering places etc and to be ready to report when a landing can be
effected Where a landing is reported possible I would first propose after our water and
provisions have been got on shore landing with only Malays, convicts and Chinese
carpenters. The foremen to prepare the attap sheds and the the convits to bore and blast
the rocks at the new landing place and the carpenters to erect our temporary house and
also a temporary pier. These arrangements would be sufficiently jo,wcirded in ·14 days to
receive the stone cutters and masons, when the building and artworks can be at once
commenced on. We would have the building ready for the Light apparatus and lantern
by the middle of June to the artworks etc during July and if no accident occurs everything
would be completed in September. The shawing of the light could probably take place in
October. For this purpose it would be necessary to have the light keepers and their
establishment ready in August so that they might undergo two months instruction before
having the duties left to their sole charge.
I have the honour to be &c
Sd/J. T. Thomson
Government Surveyor
Singapore
2nd November 1850
SOURCE : Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: AA 18
Date: 2nd November 1850
ANNEX MM 59
Letter from T. Church, Resident Councillor of Singapore to
Governor W.J. Butterworth, Governor of Prince of Wales Island,
Singapore and Malacca, 7 November 1850
[No. 128 of 1850]
Dated 2d Nov. No. 28
No. 128 of 1850
From The Resident Councillor at Singapore
To The Hon 'ble the Governor of Prince of
Wales Island, Singapore and Malacca.
Dated Singapore, 7th Novr. 1850
Sir,
I have the honor to annex, transcript of a Report
from Mr. Thomson, the Government Surveyor, on the completion
of this Season's operations at Pedra Branca.
2. Mr. Thomson's communication is extremely
satisfactory, the Horsburgh Light House so auspiciously
commenced and successfully prosecuted during the past season
may be viewed as an earnest that, under so able and energetic
an officer as the present Government Surveyor, this most
important work will be finished within the ensuing year.
3. It will be seen, that Mr. Thomson recommends
certain additions, the aggregate expense will be under 1000 Dis.
they are obviously extremely desirable and I would beg to
recommend that Mr. Thomson be authorized to carry them into
execution.
4. I observe Mr. Thomson advocates the
Establishment of a station near Point Romania, for the purpose
of offering assistance to the inmates of the Light House in case
of need, and also to suppress Piracy, an armed party of the
strength suggested would, doubtless, be of some service, but I
dr. 1tbt whether such is absolutely necessary, or commensurate
~\ ... , the permanent expense which such an Establishment must
necessarily occasion, Romania moreover belongs to the
Sovereign of Johore. where the British possess no legal
I
Source:
jurisdiction, it will, of course be necessary for the Steamer or
Gun boats to visit Pedro Branca weekly, some benefit would also
accrue by requesting His Highness the Tamoongong to form a
village at Romania under the control of a respectable
Panghooloo to render assistance to the inmates of the Light
House in a case of emergency.
5. A short time prior to the withdrawal of the
workmen, I visited Pedro Branca, and was equally surprized and
gratified at the vast rapidity with which the operations had been
carried forward, and the substantial and imposing aspect of the
Edifice, it was distinctly seen at a distance of 12 miles.
Singapore
7th Nov. 1850
}
}
}
(True Copies)
W. Seton-Karr
Under Secy to Govt of Bengal
Military Department (Marine Branch)
Consultation 27 December 1850, No. 2
NA!, New Delhi India
I have etc.
Sgd. T. Church
Resident Councillor
2
ANNEX MM 60
J.T. Thomson, "Account of the Horsburgh ~ighthouse", (1852) 6
Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Series 1, 430
(extract)
TII I~
.J . 0 u.- 1 l N A r-'
Of
T II-H I ~ U 11 ~ -A H C 111 P H L A-G 0
AND
EASTERN .ASIA .
.!CCOU NT OF TUE HOllSDU J\O ll LrO llT·llOUSE.
By J.·T. _THoMso:-:, P. n. 0. S., Gorcmment Suncyor 1.t Slngap<>rc.
ACCOUNT OP' THE IIORsDUROH LIOHT-JtOUH'- 430
rents that prevailed, so thnt they preferred dropping their anchol'9
to mooring nt it, and its loss was conaeqaently not repaired.
I returned to the rock on the 2nd of June, having in a meuuN!
1sot rid of my RHnck of illness, and visited the Pulo Ubin qua.me.
rn. tho way. On the same dny biR highness the Tomnngong of
J ohore vi8ilccl the rock, accompanied by 30 of his followen. He i•
the most powerful native chief in these parts, allied to Briti1h
interests. He remained at my house for two days, employing ht11
leiirnre in fishing, to which sport he is greatly devoted; he o.nd his
followers were very successful with the hook and line. Ho would
have macle a longer stay had not the mosquitoes been wo numerous,
a singular circumstance, seeing that the rock is so ex posed to all
wincls. At first we were unable to account for the troublesome
phenomrnon, but eoon found 1h11t they bred in immense numbers
m our wotcr barrels. The first water that we had obtained had
not been spring waler, but was obtained from a running stream,
which hnd contnined the germs· of the. insect; they now iiaued
from these barrels in millions :ind infested every 'nook and corner
of the houer.s nnd chinks of the rock, neither night nor day
brought nny relief from them 1 it was almost impossible to sit, and
the only refuge,· if rest were- required, was under the mosquito curtains.
'l'he~e his highness hnd not brought, so he did not stop to
expe1irnce the tortures of nnother night. At first flies bred in
grent nt1mhern, this I Qscribed to the filthy habit, of the stonecutters
ancl to the saltfish nnd half clecayecl preserved vegetables
that they were constantly laying out to dry, but they disappeared
greatly nfter the departure of the stone-cutteni. To alleviate the
sufferings of the men from mosquito bites, for they, being without
curt.nine, could not obtain sleep at night, I caused all the bungholes
of thP. barrels to be con~tantly kept shut ::ind the water when
wnnted to be drnwn by n small plug hole below; in time this
perceptibly decrcnse<l their numbers but not entirr.ly. The strong
winds of the S. \Y. monsoon which wns now 1:1etting in also blow
om· tormentors nway n11d only on calm dnys were their irritating
b:teR nftcrwnrcls much ft·lt. On the evening of the 3rd of Jun~,
the Tom1111g,rng took his depnrturc. He came in a beautiful fast
sailing sn 01 pnn beloncring to the {iovernor of the Straits Settlemetrb
"·hich wns rigged witl1 graceful lnrrcen sails. About ten other small
snmp;rns composc<l his fir.et, which with their mat sails as they
stretched over to the coast of Bintang, produced rather a picturei::
que effect. 'l'lic Singapore snmpRn is fumed over the world
for i1s flect111'BS in either pullin~ or sailing; manned with the orang
!nut (mr.n of the sea) they llnve i,:11cressfully competed with the
fastest gi~ or w herrie8 from E11glnnJ, brou,rht out on purpose for
• 0 the contest. .
On the lOt.h of June I 'Set enil on bonrd tlie "Charlotte'' for
Singnpore. The slackness of operfllions nt Pulo Ubin now began
eeriously to i11tcrfcre with the Clpcrnlions at tlic rock requiring irnrucANNEX
MM 61
"Rules for Light-keepers", in J.T. Thomson, "Account of the
Horsburgh Lighthouse", (1852) 6 Journal of the Indian
Archipelago and Eastern Asia, Series 1, Appendix V
Tll I~
.J. 0 l:J.- Il N A r~
Of
TIIH l.~UIA,~ AHCIIIPELA-GO
AND
EASTERN A.SI.A.
J.CCOUNT OF TUE HORSDUROH LfOUT·ll0USE •
.By J. · T. _THOM so~, F. n. 0. S., Gorernment Suncyor at Slugaport,
APPENDIX V.
Rule$ for Eight-keepers.
· ht.-The lamps t1hall be kept burning bright nn~ clear every
ni<Yht from suo-eet to tJun-riso; and in order that the greatest degree
or° li~ht may be rnnintained thro,!ghou~ the night, th~ ~icke- mt.isl
be trimmed every four hours oroheoer 1f nrcesaary, and the kee~r
who has the first watch, shall take care to turn th~-}>il .valves so
as to let the oil _flow into tbo b~rner a sufficient tim,e b~.f~~e.l_ig~ti~g.
2nd.-Tbe ltght-keepeni shall keep a regular and ~onst,a~t_ watch
in the light-r?o~ throughout the tiig~t. The fi,ni_~i!.'.{~~.~;.!!i!I~;~
from sun-set till eight, the next from ~1fbt to ~welve,=:~~~ ~!-~-,f~r.n
twelve to four and the In.st from four hi sun-rue. The ket'per:that
has the first watch one night sh~ll take the secori~ fiittih }h~n~i:t.
8rd-Imme<liately after t-un-rise it shall be the head lig~i..keeper'a ·
duty to cleanse and polish the refiecto,:s and refractors till they
are brought into a proper state of brilliancy, he shall carefnlly
cleanse the lamps and duet the chandelier. He shall supply ~he
burners with cotton, the lamps with_ oil, and ebaUhave everything
connected with the apparatas in a state of readiness, aa early in
the ~ay as possible, for )iCYhting in the evening. · · , . ·
4th.-The assistant light-keeper shnll cleanse tb·o _glass of the
lantern, lamps, glasses, copper ~nd bra88 work a~~- ~te!1e~ls, -~he
walls, floors, and balcony of the light-room, and the apparaltis·and
machinery therewith connected. The tindala shall keep _:~wat.ch
during the day, the fiht watch beiug from eun.:riee·_to _8, _ .th~. rittd
from 8 to 12, the next from 12 lo 4 and the laet from 4 to ·suli-aet •
. Their duty will ·be to observe what shipci or other v~ls p;tl88 ·or·
.approach the ro(lk, and r,eP,ort any remarkable o~cuf.reiice to lhe
head light-keeper that may take place; the station ofi/~\,-tμcn5vill.
be the balcony of the light~roo~; their watches ehal~ chai:ige alternately
daily eo that he who has the.first ,vatch one day shall havo
the second the next. · . ·:
5th.-The tindal thnt ie not on .the ,vatch shall wtth the· le.scars
at sun-rise clean ·and polish the stair rails, the dwelling ro<lfus""and
out offices, all-'-of which must be finished before eight o'clock;
after eiiht the· tindal off watch wit~ the lucani shall attefrd on 'tbe
head light-keeper in getting out the stores and water~ ·or· attend· to
the landing of these and C;Xecule whatever other desultory ·em.ploy-.
ment there may be. _ .
-- --- ----• ·a.,r,vv•_,. -.OAil
6th.-Tbe ligbt--keeper on duly 1ht.ll on no pretence wht.tn•
)eave the _ligb~room and balcony w~en on we.tch at nil~. In
cuo of h11 berng forced to leave the hgbt.-room then be I fint
call the other light-keeper, for which purpote a laeear will tleep in
the light-room or baloony, and who_ can go t.lld fetch the other
light-keeper. The light.keeper on duty ahall at Ail rriJ rem.ai,n
on guard till he is. telieTed by the ot!1er llght--k.eeper in penoo,
eilher on such occasions or at the cbangmg of the watch. ·
7th.-In case of the sioknea, of one of the light.-keepen, then
one of the tindals mt11 ~ take charge of the duty, and for whicli he
will be pnid extra 30 cents a night, which ■um shall be deducted
from the pay of 1uch light-keeper, until he be either relieTed by
another ligbt.-heper or resume his dutiee, a note of aucb an O<XMTrence
must be daily entered in the Light-house journal as long u
it continues.
8th.-The principal light-keeper ia held responsible for the a.fety
and good order of the atoree, 1,1tensils and apparatus or whatever
kind, and for every thing being put to its proper use, and ltpt in
its proper place. He shall take care that none of the rtoree or
material, are wuted and shall obsene the strict.eat economy and
the most careful muagement, yet so a.a to obtain the beat poesible
light.
9tb.-The principal light-keeper 11hall daily sene out the allowance
of oil and otber sloree for the u,ie of the light-room. The
oil to be measured by the assistant at the sight of the principal
light--kooper. The water shall also be daily aerved o~t by him a_t
the rate of two gallons per man so lo~g as the water m the outer
vault lasts, and at the rate of one gallon per man when water ii
taken from the inner vaulL
lOth.-Tbe light-keepers 11hall keep a daily.journal of tM quantity
of oil expended, the routine of duty and state of the weather,
embodying any other remarks that may occur. These shall be
written in the journal boob at the periods of the day that they
occur and they on no aooount IDU.8t be trusted to memory~_ A
copy of the journal must be ready by the end of each month for
U&D.6misaion to the superintendenL
llth.-The principal ligh~-keeper ia held rMpOtlSible for the
good order and condition of the household furniture belonging to
the Light-ho nee. This duty extends also to the cleanliness of the
several apar~ents, pa~es, stairs, roofs, store-roo01J, privies and
ash pits, landing places, piets and braM work.
12tb.-Wben stores of any kind are to be landed for the U86 of
the Ligbt-houee, the light.-keepen shall attend and give their
assistance. Tho principal light-keeper must upon these oceaaioiU
eatisfy himself as far as poeeible of the quantit7 and condition of
the ttoree reoeived, which must be duly entered 1nto the store book
and monthly return book.
lSth.-The princip&l light--keeper 11h11.U monthly ex&111inc the
M3 .
- .. ---. -.•vvao•
store.a of oil and provisions a.nd report to the 1uperin~nd~t any
da_mage. .
14.~.-Should the eupely_ of ~ny of the L\gb~ho~ etoree. at
any_ time appear to the pnnc1pal hght--keeper to be gettin~_ •~ort,
eo u thereby to endanger the regular ap~ara.oce of thehgbt,• he
ahall immed.iately intimate the ~me to ~e auperint.e~.d~~~-.!Ul~~he
moat bt, gmded by prudence m redncrng the ab.too nuinbar of
bu.men until a BUppll be received.
ll>th.-The prmc1pal light-keeper shall keep the keys of all
1torea, and it 11 only on his being incape.cit.ated by sickness that·
· they ehall be delivered to the aeai.stant.
16th.-The light-keepers are required to be eobe~ and indnstrious,
cleanly in their persons and linens and . ordifrly in their
families. They must conduct tbemaelves with ciruity to strangers,
by ,bowing the prem~, it }>eing ex~ressly understood that etRngers
· shall not be aclm1tted mto the ligh~room after sun.:.set. But
no money or other gratuity· shall be taken from ~gen ·~n any
· pretence whatever: . . .. · --~!- ·:,=:.~. : ...
17th.-No natives of the Orang Laut tri~e sb_o_uld_·on any
account be admitted into the hou.se. Their character ~~lioal
and they might take advantage of the opportuitltj{~'·p•'" · ·., .. ~ the· ·
butg~~_:_A.s it is the sole duty of the keepers iQitend_to·the.
Light--house, !he w~ole must ~ kept ,in th~ ~-~!.J~~ect~.~~r
and any filthinees m the public or pnvate rooDlllpfill_be:moat
severely punished; any spitting on the floor, throwirtg-_ref~' over
the _window; cleaning the fi~gen againat ~he w~~l~l'i·_<>r ·a_ny _like
habits must be carefully avoided. There 1a no excuse for tha as
all conveniences have been fnrniehed. · :: ·
l~.-The Light..house door mUBt be barred al 8 P. M. ·and
not opened on any account till 6 A, M. next day. ·
. 20th.-The ~reach· of_ any of the foregoint rules a!1d• ins~ruc-- .
lions shall subject the hght•keepers to di.amu~sal ·or such _other
punishment as the nature of ihe o,i-ence may _require; ."oμ·.their
becoming known to the superintendent. If not reported ~y.-the
offender, it will be the duty of the oth~ light-kee~ra ·to :do 'io;.
wbc:, will be considered eqq.alJy culpable if they join _10 concealing ..
the offence. ·
ANNEX MM 62
Sultan of Selangor-Governor of the Straits Settlements,
correspondence concerning Cape Rachado lighthouse, OctoberNovember
1860
From
Sultan Abdool Samad of Salangore
To,
The Hon'ble
The Colonel Otfeur Cavenagh
Governor of the Straits Settlements
Dated Salangore, 7th October 1860
After Compliment
We have dispatch these short lines to inform our fiiend with many respect. In this
we have to inform that Tuank:o [Pouan] having delivered charge of the Country of
Salangore to us with every great cheer to our high subjects as well as to all people in
general.
The receipt of our fiiend's letter addressed to Tuanko [Pouan] regarding the Land
called Tanjong Tuan for the purpose of building a Light House which we are very glad to
hear so far as our fiiend would seem suitable for its benefit we cannot prohibit it .
Salangore
7th October 1860
SOURCE:Straits Settlements Factory Records
Series: W 36
Date: 7th October 1860
From,
Sultan, Abdul Samad of Salangore
To,
TheHon'ble
The Colonel Orfeur Cavanagh
Governor of The Straits Settlements
Dated Salangore 27th October 1860
After Compliments
We are to inform our friend with regard to Tanjong Tuan (Cape Rachado) whatever our
friend say if it is good and beneficial to have a Light-House there, we also think it so, it
will also be good and beneficial to us.
Salangore
7th October 1860.
SOURCE: Straits Settlements Factory Record
Series: W 36
Date: 27th October 1860
From,
[Yam] Tuan Selangore
To,
The Hon'ble the Governor
who governs the three Settlements
We have to inform our friend that we send this letter in order to inform our friend
that his letter has reached us, we have opened and perused it from beginning to end with
great joy and have understood it contents. The request contained therein we have also
listened to with much pleasure and now request our friend that we can accede to the [ ... ] ,
expressed by our friend and give our seal to make the matter settled. On this point our
friend need not be all at ease.
Since the grant is not of many acres we concur with our [friend] in his [opinion]
that to have a light [present] thereon prove a great benefit, now in order to have the
matter clearly and definitely settled we give this letter with our Seal thereto affixed with
great joy and pleasure what we have said we cannot retract and what we have given we
have [ .... ] for ever.
To the truth [ ... ] is above stated we do hereby affix this our Seal.
Written on the 12th of Jamadil Awal 1277 at 9 o'clock a.m. corresponding with
the 26th day ofNovember.
True Translation
Signed.
SOURCE: Straits Settlements Factory Record
Series: W 36
Date: 26th November 1860
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ANNEX MM 63
Letter from the Sultan of Johore to the Earl Granville, Principal
Secretary of State to the Colonies, 20 March 1886
My Lord,
42 Queens Gate Gardens S.W.
20th March 1886.
1. In view of the possibility of any other Power making, as under its protectorate, any of
the Islands in the open Seas and Straits belonging to the State of Johore, I shall feel
much obliged if your Lordship will kindly arrange for a Register of these appanages
to be preserved by Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies as well as by His
Excellency the Governor of the Straits Settlements - By this plan the interests of any
country will be safeguarded under the provision of the Agreements recently made.
2. The Islands in question range themselves around the Coast of Johore : all those on
the Western side, and a large number on the Eastern side, being in the immediate
vicinity of Johore; but of the latter a large proportion also extends further out,
stretching to even as far as the neighborhood of Borneo.
3. These most distant Islands consist principally of what are commonly called by the
Malays the "Pulau Tujoh" (the "Seven Islands") with their respective groups of
islands, but classified by Europeans under the three headings of the Natunas, the
Anambas, and the Tambelans, as undermentioned:
1. Boonboran - Great Natuna
2. Pulau Laut - North Natuna
The Natunas
3. Soobi
} South Natunas
4. Serapan
5. Jimaja
6. Siantan } The Anambas
7. Tambelan The T ambelans
4. Having regard to recent acquisitions by Foreign Powers, and to the loss of time which
a reference by the Governor to your Lordship for direction on may occasion, I have
deemed it expedient before returning to Johore, to communicate in the first instance
with your Lordship; and I trust I may have your concurrence in this and that your
Lordship may be good enough to adopt measures which may avoid such reference
and loss of time.
5. I propose later on to forward to your Lordship a detailed list of all the Islands with an
alphabatical index.
The Right Honorable Earl Granville Esq.
Her Majesty's Principle Secretary of State
for the Colonies Downing Street
I have the honor to be,
your Lordship's Obedient Servant.
(sgd)
Sultan of Johore
795
796
403
041
660A
Memorandum
Charts of the Islands belonging to Johore General Charts
} Western Coast of Johore
Western, Southern, & Eastern Coast of Johore
Eastern coast of Johore (immediate vicinity)
Eastern Coast of Johore (across to Borneo), shewing the "Pulau Tujoh"
or the "Seven Islands".
Charts of Groups
- of the-
Pulau Tujoh or the Seven Islands
348
104
371
361
North and Great Natunas
South Natuna
Anambas
Tambelans
20th March 1886
Abdul Rahman
(sgd)
Secretary of the Sultan of Johore
ANNEX MM 64
Letter of Governor, Straits Settlements to Colonial Secretary, 21
May 1901, with file attachments
"f
• ,., I~
" r r ·"'
, . ;
,,/·
_1 /· :· ... ;~l ... .!J_~~ --
.. ./
Sir,
Yitb
·No.120 o-f the 14th .Tμne, 1900, ~itb regard -to· the erection
. ot a Lighthouse on the Pulau Aor· group., I h&Te -the honour
to in-fonn_you that I have obtained from Bia Hi~eas the
Sulia.n ot .Tohore & lease o! Puiau Pinang, one ot the Pu1au
~ .
Aor group, on which a oite· !'or .a L~gbthouee ha.a been selected.
2. I do not, however, propose to proceed with the
work during_ the ourre.nt year.. It 115 a.dlil.1 tted that, thou.8}l
a Lighthouse on thee~ iolanda would be a oonvenience to
ocean going steamers ap~roaching ~ingapore trom the East,
there is no urgency in the -matter and npthing but the r~t
that there ie a lar.ge· surpluo from light duee ~er_ e.xpendi..,_
tw-e
'the Right Honourable
Jooep~ · Chamberlain, M~P.,
,&o. ate.
Colonial Of!ioe.
~~1'~~?~:~f~~~~~z1s~=,·::~~"'."''::2:2::~=:1
_-.._ · -- -·-: ;- ~~,. ~-,. ~--· -·,, -..1 · l.2· .i--.,.i~r. ;~-~·- ..~ ~~-__:'·!--~t l.i l• ~.a,·. oiff. · .,-_-: ·- ·- ~~~ -~n ~-:·. •'.:
!CM,..... ..:.~-· ··-'··-· .--:)t• ....... _ ·:~~,---- _..:z ___ ::::.1:-J.:. -:--·-·==-- ... •.. .... ~~ ...... _-: .. -· -.;.;:.~~-e:;::::-7'. .ic:W
1Ji~~l'.'.:..~h• o·o•t of: .ereot.~g- ~•·-~pth~~•-··l>-,.ond 01¢ - .
"'
Kaatera or oo~an· gO._ing at~amers·.
3. 113" .r.eaaons for postponing thia·work are that the
Publio·Yorks Department is undenunned at present and that
owing to 'lmforeaeen expenditure the Estimates will be
lar ~ ly e_xoeeded unlo ss · oerta.in work,s whiob are JJOt. UJ".gent -.
are delayed.
I have "the honour to be, --1 .
Sir,"
Your moot obedient, hl.mlble
serTant,
-
••ltt~-.:~--.;.\)lc,
~ :-..... , ... .,,,
~111,-. p
'
11 jltl-nl aper.
------..-:------·-- ...... '
'~ ;, .
.. . . . . . . ... ,,:.4.·- ti · . :· ,,;, , . -.. · · .. ;,_. \ __ :=:
~H./4~~. . : .. · :: ... : .. \~-:.:.· 4 ·:·.,;
/· . •· · .. --. -:r,._._
:~~~ -~-~ ~ ~-~
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(Minute•.)
_. -------· ---· -·------
.. ·~ -~•~tt ·tnt, . --•~oiQ-· . . · - .. .. . '• ._;·:.;,./ ' .
~ /4 : ...... _19Ql..
• .. --::••
....... , ·-
Rreotion of a-L1ghthouae.on
t~e Pulau Aor group.
Biatea th&t it 1a not pro~
posed to 'prooeed wi'th the work durili.
the current year .•
KEiUA, ,. AJIAN ASIA. iENGGP..RA.-
JABJlo.T."' '-' l'r.~G ' .
UN\Vr·.<n> 51~'· 1 MALA'< A
)CUALP.. LUIIIIF'\.lil .
The Right Honourable··
J'o·eeph Ohamberla in, ll.P. ,
&c. &o. a.a.
Colon1&1 Ottioe.
,. . .
... . .
~~····
~~
:Jitt( .
~ .. ··•···•,,;.
a\(i"/·t·l.. .A. ' Ir I MAL A Y ·
. ~"'MFY~ "'
.,
.·
·ttu, ~.·
'; -~ 'i £r-~· . . '"¼t.,~: ~
~ ~.~ •. ~ '\JI_~
. - . . . .
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··-· -----~ .J½ D·-~
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. .
~-J:=w- 1- t'm _. .
t~~. -~
·, . .- .
\' ~ (Lcr:-r
··~ .. ~.
ANNEX MM 65
Federated Malay States, Proceedings of the Federal Council,
8 July 1913, pp. A1-A2, B8
.FEJHa{AT~~l) M.A I,;\ r :-;TAT.E:-:;.
( >I'' T 11 11; .M I~ ET I N O ::-J
or T111:
FE DJt UAL currxcn<=-
No. 1.
'l'UF]SDAY. S·rH JULY. HW-1.
PRESENT:
H.E. the High Commissio11er (Sir ARTHUR. HENDERSON YouN•J, i.:.c.M.,;.')
H.H. the Sultt\ll of P,m.ik (Sir fotm• 'MEKSID-EL AAZA.M SHAH. o.c.'.M.u., ,;.c.v.o.)
R.H. the Sultan of Selangor (Sir ALAl':lllN SULEIMAN SHAH, K.C.M.G.)
H.H. the Yang di 'Pertuun Btis:i.r of Negri Sembilan (TENKlf lliuK.-1.l\UtAll. c.111.u.)
'l'he Chief s~r~t.ary (Sir EDWARD LEWI::! BROCKJ\1.-1.N, K.c.ni.c;.)
'fhe Da.to Im:i.m Prn.ng Imlrn_ Stia Raja ('CHE UsuF BIN 'CHFJ 'l'uKANoi representing
H.H. the R~:e11t of Pahaug.
'l'he Hou'hlc the Resident of Pemk (Mr. REGINALtr GEOIWE l'VATSON, c.n1.,:;.)
'fhe Hon"hle tl1e Resiutmt of Sehl.ngor (Mr. EDWARD GEORGE BROADRICK:.)
'fht> Hon'ble the .Resident. nf Negri Sewbilan (Mr. ARTHUR HENRY LEMON.)
.'l'he Hon'ble t.l1e P,,t?sident. of Palmng (Mr. Eo\\"Alto JOHN BREWSTER.)
'fhe Hon'ble the Leg.ii A,lvise1· (l\fr. Fr.EDE&TCK REU'IELl>.)
The Hou'ble l\fr. Ev111uNo BECHER S1,rn:•fE1:.
The Hon'bll' Mr. Eu 'l'oNo Sim.
The Hon'l,lt> Mr. vVAL'l'ER F1!~:1JERICK NlfTl'.
'!'la• Hou'hl~ l\-lr. GEou,:a: H,1.1101.D J,l,w.
l. 011 t,l1t' 111t1Li1111 ,.f tl,l, P1tESIOEN'l" tlw 111i1111tc,; or the la~t llll·~t-iug whieh ht\\'c lmeu
ci1T11lalt>d tn ·t-hl' lllt'mht:1'>< an, ,.,nnlfrnit-d.
:!. ill1·. FREDERICK Hi,;1,HF.LIJ, Le~al Ad\'ise1·. am! bli-. GE(>Hl,E HAt:OJ.L• l>A\' 111ake
t.(11, alli1"111ati1111 arnl t-ah· tht>i1· :<l"itl:< a!' nit>ml.,el'>< of l.l1t.- l'.i,uucil.
•·· 'l'lm CHtt: ►• SEcitF.·rAltY ·1•(1 GoYEP..tUtEN-r hty:< tl11., followiu~ }'1tpt>r::< ou I-he tal,le:
Ci) R,.,pl•rt, by .Mr. L. ,vray, 1.::1.(, .• on lht" Hrit.isl1 Malayan St•diou at. t.l1l' New
York H.ubllt'r Rxliihitfou.
t ii) Scht'-1.l11le l•I' ,u.ldit.il•n:; to tlif, .J'~.stima.1-t'S <luring- the. third quart-t'r eu(fod 30t.11
St"ptem bcr, 1!11 :!.
liii) Schetl11le uf ,tddit.iun"' to thl' E,;t.imate~ <luring t-Iw fuu1th ljtlarter 1::mlecl Hist
Dece111bt'r. Hll~.
(iv) Report h_y 'l'reasurt"I', l<'etlemt~d :r.fah~y Stalt:::s. c,n the PJ.auter~· Lo1u1 Acc,mut
for the year Hll2.
(v) Report vu the Agric-ultmal Lu1w 1''und (Pemk) for the year IHI:!.
(vi) Report ol' the Committee appuiute.d to iulJuire iuto the applicitbilit_,· of the
Ceylon Discharge Ticket. System h• tbe Federatetl Jfahty States.
(vii) Schedule of a.cldit.ions tot.he Est-imates dnriug t.he quarter encled 31:,t . .Marc:h,
Ull3.
( viii) Resolutit•u:; p:i.ssetl at i\foetiu~s of tht- different Chambers in the l<'ederated
lHnfay Slatei;.
( ix) Actmu-_r's Report (•n t.he .l<'t'tleratecl l\falay States 'Wid,.1ws and Orplwus'
Pensit•ll .Fnml.
(X°J l,1!t.l-el' l.1· t,l,e .l'n•,-idt•ul, Pl,1~1k Chaml11.,,· nl' Mi11l·s. a11d 111,•111,.,.:1111l11u, l,,r
t.la, s~~11ior \\';H·,l,,n pf Mint'>', .. , t.hr. I li·:11'1 1\fad1i1w1·,r l•:11:1,:•tlltt•IJI.
A 2
4. Mr. E. B. SKINNElt asks the twelve questions of whieli he lrns given uoticl•.
'fhe CHIEF SEC&ETARY TO GovERNMENT replies.
=>. Mr. W. F. NuTT 11.,;ks the twelve questioui; of whid1 he 1111.:; givrn, 11ot.i1,11.
The CHIEF SECRETARY TO GovE&NMENT replies.
6. Mr. G. H. D.u a.~ks the seventeen que.~tions of wlticli he ha.s given 1111Licu.
The CHIEF SECRETARY TO GovE&NMJ:NT replie.-,.
7. The CHIEF SECRETARY TO GovERNMBNT moves:
(i) Tha.t this Council approves the special u._pprop1·ia.tion of n sum of $4,l:~o,000
to meet the. cost of purt'ha.sing the Sing-.i.pore Ru.ii way.
The RESIDENT OF PERAK 1;ecrmch1 the motion, wl,icl, ii. agrce<l fo ununimuui;I_,·.
(ii) Tha.t this Coun<:il i~pproves the spt..:.cia.l a.pproprin.tiou of u. sum of $110,000
to meet the reut due to the J ohore Government in respect of the lea.Ring
of the Johore Stal~ Railway fur 1-h~ year l!-112.
'l"he Rssrnr.:NT OF P&KAK s1-<·11111ls 1111• 11111li1111, wl1id1 is ll.grec1l t~, nnanimuuxl_r.
(iii) '1'1111.t this Oountil approves I.he speci11.l appropria.tiou of 1~ Hlllll of $:W,000
to meet cl sha.i-e of the. c-.ost of ma.inta.ining the One-Fat.hcim Jl1m k T,i:,;-ht.,
off the coast of Sela.ngor, it.~d Cape Rti.cha.d11 1111 lh.., 1•f•11.8t- uf NP-~ri
Semhilau.
The RESIDENT OF NEGRI SEMIIILAN ,;i,co111l.-- 1111, 11111tio11, wltid, is •~~n,rnl lo 11111111i1111111,;Jy.
(i,) Tba.t this Conul·il approves lL.e i;pe1:i,il ,Lppropriat.iou of ,L 11uu1 of $'.31,!i0U
to u1eet th~ purchaJ;e vri~ of site fur 1L liostnl for Ji'1\ll11mtP.d Mnfa_y
States 11tnnent..-; n.t the Medi<-Al Sch<X1I, Singapore.
The ltESID&NT Ol' PER.AK se1,011tls t.he n10tiu11, \\'hi,:h i,- 11~1,~ed to 11mu1in111nsly.
(v) Tha.t thii; Council approvt>s tl1t'. 11pe1,iul 1ippropri1Lt-ion of IL Hlllll of $1U!l,700
to meet the cost. of a. hostd for )<'1,ifomte,l M1d1iv Stafri: i:t.11d1•nti; at. t.im
· Medi1-al &liool, Siuw~pore. ·
'rhe lt&SIDENT OF Psau.: :il•Collll'> tht1 motiu11.
The Pa.ESIDENT put" the questiou tha.t the mutinu lw. pu.•aa,d.
Mr. E. B. SKINNER 1.u hh•e.c;.,;e.i; tho. Council.
Mr. Eu ToNG SEN ad,h-es,;cx the Council.
Mr. W. F. NUTT addl'esse.<; the Council.
Mr. G. H. Du 11.cld1·c,;.._t:.._ the Cnunr.il.
The ()msF SECRETARY 1-eplies.
The PRESJDENT addl'e.c;..;es the C..:0011cil.
The motion i~ withd111.wn by le,\Ve of the Vou111:il.
Mr •. E. B. SlCINNER a.ilcli-esses t.lie Uouui;il.
The OBtBII' S:zonTilY ags.in moves ; ..
"That this Council appm_ves the special 11.pp1-opri1\Uuu of 1L 1,um of $109,700
to meet the cost of a hostel for .Federated MI\IR.y Statex xtnclent.-; nt. t.ho
Medical Scl1ool, 8i.nga.porc."
The ·Rl:BlDBNT. 011' PJDIUK secondR the mntiou, wl1icl1 i11 11.grec1l t.o uuu.uiruouHly.
("li) That this Qouncil approves the special 11.ppropria.tion o{ a 1mm of $H,-57~
to meet'the cost of a. model of H.M.S. "Ma.Is.ya.."
Mr. w_. F. NUTT_ seconds the motion, which is a.greed to unR.uimously.
(-vii) That the pro!ision of U00,00(? appearing 1\8 Item 222, Federated M11.Lly
· States Ba.1lwa.ys, Oonstruct1on. .~pattm1m,t, Railway from Pudoh to
Ampa.μg. Construction, on the 1913 Fed.era.I Estimates, be llllpplemented
bya.·fu:rther li.ppropria.tion 6f $241,000. ·
+'he :Ri;BID~NT OF 8E1:-A,NG01t secpnds the motion, whiob is agreed to unanimously.
(viii) Tha.t tlie proyision o~ $1,000,0_00 appearing as Item _212, ~edera.ted M~ls.y
Sta~ Ra.il~ys, Construction ·Department, Keda.h Railway Extension,
Bubt Mert.a3am to Alor Star, on the 1913 Fecleral Estima.tes, be
supplemented by a further appropriatio,n of $1,250,000.
The RESIDENT OF PERA.K seco~ds the motion, which iR agreer\ to llnanimonsly.
n8
t ti C C•11 tha.t tho vnluntion i11 I\ vory fn.i1· mw. Tl111 lnrul wl1i,\lt l.1111 C11l1111i11I
can assul"e 1e oun · • I f f I I I
t I d q\iirccl when tho rn.ilwny WtL~ c11nsf:111d.c1 1n.~ tt•r.11 m111 ,., ov,•r 11L c11sf,
Go•v el"ttlTllel n· ·t a. n.c woi··t .h n. much l,\\'rrer Rum thn11 · I 'J'I . I I I I I WIL'< pn11 • . 11ire1 tR 110 • 1111 1 • f. ml. f. 10
Pnce. 11s 1s now ., . k· · · I ·
l t. . . ·d• •ltn Jinc it.~ulf i!i 11, )110-h 11110 hul; wo l11wo f.11 l'n n tL llll tf. ><Inn, 111 I.Ito
va ua 10n as 1 egm ., " " . "' ' • · f · I · books of the Railway Department, and 1t wa.~ not pu~s1 blu 1.o 111-r-1rn tLI, IL nm11· vn nLLl.um.
About the time the mnttcr en.mo up bofo1·0 Lhn Co1111dl n.t. Hi11g1ipnm r.1'.rt.n.i11
b . , · w re m"•lo oxprCRsinir 11 don ht M to whoLlwr wn hnil mndn I h11 h11Hl. lmt'A't~lll wu
coo usel1d .v a. ..1 T01h1.e~ re e is no• ~ question "' . I I 1· · I I · · of making 11 hnrg1\tt1. 11 c 111\ 111g 1:11. 1 l 111 C}IH'HI-Httt 1!1
Singapore the Coloni:J Secretary mentioucd the r.1J11I. of (·,ho r.01111h-ur.tw11 ''.nly Ho for ~ rt
concerned the line from Wonulaml~ t.o 'f11.11k R1mcl, l\lHl, hy_Romo oxl:1,1.01,lmru·y ov1•1"!11ghL,
omitted the cost of the lino from 'l'rmk Rol\Cl to tho doc~~- I 111111'1. l,lt111k I r.n.11 Hny mot·o.
'fhe Genera.I Ma.uagc1· wout tlto1\lug-hly iut.o tho _quoHLiu~1. Wu nn1 >11~t,ixliu1I Llmt wo
only pa.id a. fair price, amt tl10 pu1-chu.so iii from ou1• pomt oE v1uw a \·ury clUH1mlilu 11110.
The motion wa.s cnrrie1l.
The CHIEF SECRDTAttY moved:
(ii) That this Council n.pprovOR tho epoci1LI n.pproprizLtiun o{ 1\ 1111m of $110,000
to meet the rout due to tho Jnhnro Uov11rnment iu reHpcct of the lt111,11iug
of tho Johoro St.Lto Ruihvuy for the yol\r HH2.
He stated: Thi.~ is more 01· leR11 11. form11I motion boon.uHo tho n.monnt IIM nkoady bocn
approved at a previous meo~ing hy t~10 unollicio.l mombo1'11 <!f ~onncil, 1u11l tlm ~Mon w_hy
it w&S not put into the Est1ma.teR th111 yeo.r wa.s tha.t nogo~u~t111111i havo hl•UII g111111-t u11 w1Llt
the Johon, Govemment for tho purch11.11e of tho rn.ilwn.y; u111l Lhu.~o 11uguti1Ll.i1111H 1L111 1101.
yet completed. His po~ihlu ~hilt they m11.y uof; ~n m1y fo1·L)1or. Tiro 1un111111L fo1· wlrir.11
the railway would he Ir.Med, 1f ,.. lea.so WM gnLntorl, Wu.R tix.011 n.t. $110,000, n.ml I 1111k
Council to formally npprovc uf this.
1.'he motion was agreed to.
The CHil!IP Ssc&ETARY moved:
(iii) That thitl Council approves the speoinl appropriution of 1\ sum o( $20.000
to lllcet a share of the OOHt of 1wLinto.i11111.g the Ono-Fathom Bu.nk Light.,
off the coast of Selru1gnr, n.ud C11po Haclm<lo 011 tho coo.at of Nogri
Sembilau.
He st.a.tecl: This is quite n. uew dep,u·turo fin fo1· M tho lt'odo1·u.tocl M,~lay Stu.iu11
Government is concerned. In the pnat, these two ligltt-lwmme, which 1\.1'0 off tho noMt of
this country, lnwe been entirely ma.iute.inod by the Colonin.l Ouvommont. Up till tho oucl
of lBSt year the Colonial Govemment derived revenue from collootuig d1101$ from HhipH
passing up a.nd down tho Sti-a.its to defray the CO!lt of me.inta.ining them, but n now polir:r
ha.., been decided upon in the Colony. It has been deoided to abolish tl1e light 1lt.1;:e
a.ltogether, thereby conferring considerable- bene:6.t. on a.11 shipping pa.asing through the
Straits. 1 think it- is e.n interne.tiona.l obligation the.t eaoh country should beat· the e~t of
maintaining all lights considered nec.essary on ite ooa.sts, and I think thoro can ho.i:d.ly bo
My qneat.ion now that we should not be doing ow· duty if we did not como forwa.ru e.ud
offer to m&intain these two very useful light-housl'B.
So long a.a the Colonial Government were reaping tho benofit of the light !!ues it WIii.i
only right that they should maintain them, but now, a.H they o.ro giving np tho duca,
it is hwly fair to expect theru to coutinue ma.intaining them. 'l'horoforo, euhjoct f.o
the approva.J. of Oounci;l, we pro~ose to.~nme- rea~oneibility for th8!1o two ligl.it-l.tnJ1BOR off
the coasts of Sebi.ngor and Negri Sembile.n, nspeot1vely. There 1Voro two coursos upon to
us. One wa.s to actually assume the responsibility for maintaining tho li~bt.B, to provide.
crews a.nd ·provide fo1· their relief and keep np the light.a themeolvoH. lt would be rathor
diflicnlt for us to do this at once bees.use light-houHBR required con.qronL oxport nttendo.noe,
a.lid in Singapore th~y have e.11 otlicia.l whose duty it i1.1 to look l\ftor light-honsos and see
that everything is in proper order.
· It was accordingly decided that instead of e.ctue.lly tre.naferring the ma.interuwce of the
lights_ we should_ let the Colo_uial Gov?1:nment go on m~taining the lights, e.a they have
done. 1n the_ pa.st 1n e. very efficient cond1t1on, a.nd to contribute towe.rdR the cost of them. It
was ·decided, subject to the approval of Council, to offer·a sum of $20,000 a. year. I think:.
tliis. is e. very fair amount, but e.t the same Lime we reservo to ourselves to ta.ke over the ·two
lights.
. The motion ws.s a.greed to.
The CHIEF SEoRETA.l!.Y moved :
(iv) That this Council a.pproveq ~he e~ '11.ppropriati.on of a. sum of- tsl,,1\00
to meet the purchaae pnce of"a1te ·fot a. hostel for Federated- Ma.la.y'
Sta.tea students a.t t,he Medical School,.~ingapore ..
He stated: This vote·is'-connected· eomewlie.& witli'tl1e nexb vote,.-number- (v);·•bnt it iii,
more convenient to take tbbm sepa.-ra.f.ely .. ·The.-qu-estion of building-·a -hostel .for ·ett:iden:ta•
ANNEX MM 66
Colony of the Straits Settlements, Blue Book for the Year 1914,
Singapore, Government Printing Office, 1915, pp. v2, v3, c24, c52, c57,
G10,G15,G22,G35,G38,K1,K28,K102
BLU.E BOOK
FOR THE YEP~R
1914.
Singapore:
Printed at the Gonu1wE1H Pu11T1Nc"'OF1'1CE, S111c.1.rou.,
b)· /. _E. 1'YLER. Government Print~r.
191S.
( 'V t ]
LIGHT-HousE·s.
STRAITS SETTLEMENT§.
The Lights iil the Settlement.. are 6.fteen in number, (not incladi11g Lighted Buoy,), ,u.:-
• The Hor•bv.rgll_ L.gA.lh.nu., o_n Pedn B~uu, •bo~t 36 mila to the E..i of Siur;apore ma:rlo:a the EaJteru
?~ce uf _tho S1n~1.porc 3tl'l.lll. Tho ltgbt; w_hite of tho 6nt ocdtt, a'b.o,ra a. fLub uery 10 seeonru,
u1ble 16 m1k•. It u eleuted 100 fed abo.-e hlgh 1n.tcr. Latitude r 2.0' North. Loor;itude 10~0 24'
:Ut. C. P. 103,000. '
The tower is painted with a.lternate blac\. and white band• a.t cqua.l diatanea a.pa.rt.
• FDT"C Ce1nnin.g Lig1't, Si1>9apor•, is :a. diophjc occulting light of the firat order with one eclipeo
i1'e[J' 20 seconds, lig~t 17 aecond.a, eclipee 3 second.a, ahowi.ng red from North 13° West to ~forth t5°
West; whit-e from .North 2S0 West through Weat to &nth 84° W~t; red from South 54° West to
3outh 74° \Vest t.nd obacnred elaewhere; elention .202 fe1't 1.bon hlgb. 1r1.tu TUible 18 miles ,..xhibited.
:roa. a Steel Tower painted white. L&titude 1° 18' North; Longitnde 103° 51' Ea.at. C. P. 20,000.
• Ra.~ LigA.l>-u~ ou Coaey hla.nd, abo4it 13 mil~ to the Sou.th-Wat of Sinr;ap0f'C mul:a tb11 Suie;a.pore
~in S_tra.it.a. It. exb.il>ib a gronp-flus~g white ~igbt of !be 9600nd or-der ahowin~ groups of 3 ,
flubea 1n qwclc 1ucceae1on enry 10 1e00nds, ne1ble 16 JDilea. It 1, elcntod 100 feet :abon high ,.,.a.tcr.
La.titude 1° 10' North; Longitude 103° 44' El.$t. C. P. 66,000.
tt pu.141,1 Pi.ui.n.g Lk': ;,l~ i, aitu:a.kd. on the hi ghat put o( tba.t Idand -in Latitude _1° 28' North.,
and Longitude 103° 15 Ea.st. H exhibit. a 6ut order white lit;ht, duh~ e.-cry 5 3COOnds, clentcd 510
feet abo.-e high lf2.tcr, ruible 30 milca. C. P: 103,000.
The 1tructure is a circulu \owcr -iO feet in height, of a rod briclc colour. The bJcon1 and l1.at6na are
white, the quuten ll.lld out-kildinr a grey eolooh
·The Sv.!ta.'A S"-1 Lig1t.lU1U4 is bwlt on tbe Sult.ui Shoal, ia La.titudo 1° 14' 'North, •Dd Looi,itude
103°39' Eaat. It is :a. catoptrio white )~ht 60 feet a.bon high water showing- a flub. e.-ery 30 seooad..,
Tuible 13 mile •.
The sti:ucturc con..i•t.a of a tower 1urroundod. by the keeper', dwelling-house, &wo stori~ ia b~ht,
and rca.cbing to within 18 f~t o( tho )a.n.tcrn.
• p,..C,.u U,.Ja,. Lig"-t>.ou." ou the 1uoimit of tb&t Ialaucl. exhibit.a a. group-fla.ahing vrhite li;ht of th.
third order :-Light 'l.l ~conds; eclipao ii second,; liglit 2l second•; edip&e 20 seconds aad is ruiblc
W miles. It is elootcd 155 feet above high water. La.titude 2° 3' North; Longitude 102° 20' .Eut.
C. P. 35,000. ·
* Ca.~ Bcd.ad4 Lifli.lMtUG oa the bluff' of the cape i1 'l.7 mile,, North-Eut of Ma.lacca. The l~bt
ia 1. group-JIA&bU1g- whlte light of the accond order, ahowing- :a. group of three flubu in quick: 3acce.uioo·
every 10 MOOnd.t, n1ible 26 •milC9. La.titodo 2° 25' North; Longitude 101° 51' Eut. It i• elen~ 388
feet &boTe high 1r1.ter. C. P. 14-0,000.
* The Otw-Fa.lMM Ba.nl. Ligkt~ on the One-F.1.tbom Ba..n\-, Str&its of M&lacca, in approx. 18 fad
of waler u of ro-inforced concrete (ua.tura.l gniy) oclagona.l in form., on l"ertic,J pil~. Light supported,
on nlciug cclWIUlA. Tbe dome of la.nt.ern i• painted red. The li:;lit i• a gt'Ollp-Ha.sbi11g "hilc 11:;ht oi
the second order, 11howU1_g a group of four l\aahea in quick: ,ucceuion every 15 sec••ads, Yisib!o 15
m.il~. C. P. 64,000. It i, elented ~24 feet abon high water. Latitude a.pprox. 2° 53' ~octb: Loo:;1t11.d1
101° East .
.Wcilci«ai Lig1'1 on St. Paul'• Hill is :a. fi.xed white lig-ht of the fourth or-der, .-i,ible l:J mile>. ft is
dented 180 feet sboYo high 'Inter. Latitude Z' 1.2' North: Lon:;itudc 10-2° 15' Ea.st.
Pu.lau Rima.11 ¼h.i ia a.n occulting ligbt of tbe third order, with one eclipse e~ery :!O ~~coccis, li:;ht
17\ ~n~, ecliP" 24 seconds showia, white ia lhe channel to the Southward, from ~orrb 5~ ta.a~ to
·~forth ti0 £...,t., and red el.ewbcre, except where obM:nred bJ' )U>.J. It ia elcnled l:!9 fr~t a.~~e_bi~b
Waler, and i1 Ti,iblc IS miles. Tbe Lighthouse is on tbc Southern point of Pul.1.u Rimau auol. 1s pa.1.11t.od
wL.it.o. !Atitade 5° 14' North; Longitude l 00" 17' Ea.at.
Pt"4"1 Harl>o1'r LigltlJ.,,,u, on the North-ea.st bastion of Fort Corn,..allia. exhibiL• ~ ,;r••••P·'lCCDlling
wb)te lig~t of the third Qrder with red sector:-li0ht :!I :,ecnnds; :dip•_c :J ~ec,>u:I~: :,J;;,, :i second.;
echpae S second,. Red sector South 4:!0 E&.St to S<luth ;?g-> £..,.t. 1!.c l,~Lt u ,;f ~-•-~-" •::111•.II~ p,>.rer,
~lenkd Si' fe.!t a.bo.-e high ,n.ter 1.nd i• vi3 ibt.:: 1-:> miles. Tbe structure i, an in>a. frame..-,>rl.: i.i••~r iO feec
10 height, p11.ialed white.
• Tho Mw.b:. B,a.d. L{ghl al th "i' th • d i p 010, (Jf>aJ, i, a lint order li::-1,t !b.-lt,ng crcry !!_O
d I . - ._ C - or r.rn -D O C ? . bl w ruila. [t ;, pia,:,,i ,n .. ,u:um,t
secon •· t u elentc<::1 , 9:, feet abo,·e 111~!, water, 3n,I u .,., e_ . . · . . u,d
of a. hill. wh.ich u 750 feel hi~b. L:i.11,,;,!e J? :!:f ~forth: L.>ng,rude !00" 11 l:::,st. ft "• .Jnocc
b7 talephoae wilh George 1'-1wo -~,.J tLe H,il S1atioo. C. I'. -.?Oo,vO-O. d r • - 1r ~ ""cite ti.,ht ~•~-,· ,., ... c.,o •·
Li h a"J°""/ Ha.nlv. ~•9/t.l 011 the di!I c>o th~ atreroe ~i.ot, u :i:,:c~i~•: .,...~, :i.nJ ,_, ,.~;1,I,: iu· ·uil~.
~ l 7 ~oda, ~licuc 3 :JeCOad, It i.i clerued I .SU feet . r • '- C J •. ·ud
8.i~u..t«i in L:i.titade -l• 19' N., Lo~<>;~uJ~ I•!~'" :1:,!' Ee,t '" NurtlJun •pprcar.h lo :_: .• :· ,:1;• L J~-. •
o·
Va )
LA.BOAN.
• Kuramn,, /,i9hlho,,.,,~ eit~a.ted on the aummit of tba.t lalLIJd ma.r\a tbe Sout.bcn .appr0&ch to LJ>~.
It u:bibits ': 8a,h,ng wh~te hgbt every fiye e~oda. ll ia a. third order light, powc:r 70,000 cudhs nd 11
,.;,ible 21 m,l~. EleTat1on 215 feet 11.bove higb 11"1ter. The ■tracture ia a.n iron fn.mework iowe:r 60 foet
iD beigbt. painted whit.e, dome red. L11.titude 5° 13' North; Longitude 115° 8' Eut...
• Pap-•n J,la..d Li9h.tho,,.,,e, aitua.ted near tbe we.t point •of t.ha.t ul&nd, exhibit. from a. -..bite iron
fra.mework tonr a. fourth order occulting light CYUJ 10 aeoouda, 't"Uible U milea. The light i.a elen.ted
?9 fee~ a.bove high wa.ter &nd ha■ red. l.lld white eectora. La.titode 6° 15' North; Long-ibide 113° 14'
Eut.
t 1.
t ,.
s.
t I. ,.
t •.
1. ..
,.
10.
11.
-tn.
u.
H.
16.
N.B.-Tboeo with Ml akriN. (") aro {,_,.._, 0.1 B<zn.n_ . .
T.1.BLX SROWIJG TD 008T m liIJTDUCI or TD IT1..llTI LIUTS.
St&tioL
Bonburrb Lieb,. 6lappon
Fort l.an1>ing Lig-bl, Do.
R.r. ttlee Lif;b t. Do.
hlauPi&ang-Lig-bl, Do.
Sult.an SboaJ Ligbt. Do.
Pulan l:nda.n Ligb\. )!alaoca
Cape R.a.cbado Licbt, Do.
Oo~-1 .. ub-,n, 8&.ok Ligbt, Do .
BarboDr Liebl, Do.
l'ulaD Rimau Ligbl, I'.....,...
II arbo11r Lig b ~. °'1-
)(uh HCMI Ligbl, Do.
Taoioor Banln Ligb<, Do.
Kiuao,aa bland Ligbt, L&buu
l'ap&D I <bod LiJb~. Do.
_\-=L:_ l'..-!Co,4 &uwieo,..- oa. i ~ °'M..am'-· --- ........ - i I ( ;:::;,,.,__ I
I • ..
··· 1 1160 l a.tor •
l.901 1-.a,aoo
1 O,.JDI M
R ••- 00
U,tK' 00
.. ,o,as 00
tt ecuu JO
Mll,M-1 a1
ruoo
U 11,UC 06
• ••
l.f"M 00)
1.461 00
'·'" oo I
I.Ill 10
I.!" 00
l,IU 1-J t
1.ma I
1.11, .0 )
moo
l,J1$6 00,
11116
116'
18QO
1880
11143
11101
1&41
11&'
l91J
1881
lDCI
:VJJ
1911
10.!'4 00 • 1,1)6,1 00
u u,nv oo
0,11111 11
>9,8:%8 11
u.noo oo
1,01 I ('O
l,o+t 00
-'11
I- ----. ----
I • 7U,100 1$ tl,64i 44
·--~ • ••
410 OC
.... u
. .. ' ..
n• IQ b
Tn u !I
M:109:1
1,0ll 4' 1
, ~ H,laO N
m A I
,.011 "° I
.. .. i
tlO fO J
.,, ao
ot9'6
I.DOI U
I.~,~
1.506 U
NTKI A4,0
1,011 U
UU IA
:: : \ __:° '_1_,_: __:_ :~_·_:_:_
.. "' ,, I 10.b<II ~ IL,O,o U
[ C 24 J
S1RAJTS SETTLEMENTS-DETAILED STATEMENT OF· ESTIMATED
AND ACTUAL EXPENDITURE, 19i4.
~--===--=·•··- -~ ·=···-============-=======~=====-:=:=;U~!C:D:,:.~T:.H~&~
H.,.,.1><11 E on:a TBI: ~-p :.<a••.HUDI or l:l"E!IDIT'llllt. E11·nu.To. A..crv.u.. EaT[)UTI:. EaTIIUTL
. ··--. _____ ..., ______ ----- -
• ,. I ' ! ,. I
BrovgAI /or10ard •.. : l,-wi,984 ()() : l~.:JSO 95 :
.---- .----~
U.-MA.Rl:S ~Conli1tued.
Brougltl fonoarJ •.• ! 225,179 00 j ZU,869 50 j
B-OTH ER CHARO F..'3--CoalinweJ.
J.-A.11:nr.a.LLT R1:ca&ll.UfT--C<>11ti,.wcd'.
Bri,v9ft, /«-toorJ ... i
i
Hu~a.r,, S>.,ppi"J Office, Ete.-Cor.tiln.J. !
. I
SLeoun LaunchM, Etc .• }binteU&Dce-8, j
Sl3,323.26; L., l'H8. U ; P., $5,836JH, ;...i
le., 1999.11 . . .. ,
Stu.ia- Launchea, Fuel and Wa.ter--S_ j
U0.823.:SO: L., 81,593.89: P., $9,668.91:.
M_ 1667.34 ..
Timo Balla, Ma.inteo•nc--.9. . .. ;
Tin, Paint, Etc., ( Roat lkgiatntion)-l:I., j
H,398.92; P., $1,014.45: M.. Sl~.86 ... I
Tn.naport and Truel.ling .A..llowaooee-8., j
$6-l9.3a: P., Sl37.42; M.., 1266.76 ... I
Up-\:oop of Boata-L. . .. j
Lcan-11ou1a, !ho.:-
!'uel &Gd Wa.ter, Lighthouee Tonder--8.
0-._. Hubollr Lighte--8. . .. . ..
lla.ui.tell&Doe of Buoy,, and Lighl-hou.e .
• P1-t-:i., 12,62l.26; L., $586.57; P.,:
Vi~6$; 1d.., 1223.65 .•. . .. :
oo~ .• '459.07 ; P .. 1100.se ; '
~ 157.811; M., 129.20 ... . .. .
ten.uac:-e of L:gbler-L. ... i
Oil andStoce.~ .• S-l.97:1.52; L..11.1-17.25;.
P;, ll,152..98 ; D., $232.IH ... . ...
Lt:iouo -..ad Clothing-S., 8-1,970.71; L.,
~12.1,370.26.03:0 e. ._ 0~".-0 38 •7 '"1 •I n •r 9• 131 .. ,• s I• 1..1.1 .., :!
St,n·--i.
Sub.tituttt for Lig.ht-keepe~·-a.oJ Men=
S .• HS.:lS; P., '140; L .• 81S.:,0 ....
L-.\,.!fcJJ.Lr "RrccR.aL'<T.
M:i.oceU.a60u•-:!., Hi0.90; I:' .• S59.33
1'r-..n.port, Truelliag and Persoaol .!.Uow&
Dc.,.-S_, ~1.-wo_;.,. e s·)-l-087·
M., 125'.l.8-l - ' .• - . '
.!dotor Cu Allow .-~~o-P.
Carrir.d f,>rira rd
~.266 00 j
I
%1,600 00 i
U,!,()() 00 I
tjS() 00 !
3,100 00:
I
990 00 !
too oo l
i
I 5,ooo oo I
200 00
7,3:SO 00: -
780 00 i
350 00 i
I
10.lHO 00 j
, ... 088 oo I
1,000 00;
;HO 00
150 00:
3.:!~ 00'
~00
115,91¼ 00
H,68t. 3tl I
20,907 ~ i
i
22,753 ~ !
596 95:
2,54,0 23 j
l,05S 51 ·
941 81'
'
-&,147 50:
159 99:
-',77-i 13
6-18 71
322 82
8,:ilO 79 .
10,&M "5
€92 67 ·
23L 15
530 23
1,9H ~ .
tl37 66 :
96,019 -HI .
• t:.
:l0.~76 61
'" · - .
---------- --···
$ ,.
l!hl,'79 66
111.:i1'9 50 ·----
.,
U92 :.-6
:!,7-M; 36
5405
.;,;!I 77
J 19
'l.>2 so
1\l 0l
!,575 !s1
~:33 29
'!.7 18
U,29 21
:;_t:!3 53
:1,n 33
l.:!li~. ,57
2',;J, •.
___ i;.'-::..:...
······-·---
--- ------------- Carri~dJ"r,,-,,:ord 1.W4,98-l 00 1,296,380 9S . ::,,_,;,; ,:; :_:·;•J.~:9 b6 -----_:__ _______________ -- ·---------
1••.~l\f.J 50
I
I
-
( 0 S2 )
SETTLEMENTS-DETAILED STATEMENT
AND ACTUAL EXPENDITURE,
OF ESTIMATB.U
1914.
..::-=---; .. -=- .
Q,·a:a TUJI. U•DJl.llLn.
}:aTUUTI:. l:'.ITIX.LTL
• • "· s c.' s ..
9,u 1,423 oo 9.123,11 r 3! I 76 r·,68S .\9 i H9,997 °• ------ --------------1--·----
w.-PIJBLIC WORX::1,
I
EXT RAO RDlN AR Y:-C....tin...C
Broglie /on,:,,a-J ~:lS• _ I 5,,,., •9 j_ __◄ _,1_2_0◄6_l __'_ i_o_,:1_1_.s_ _•1 _
• -~ I
t .91-BUILDINGS .i~O •
.MISCL ... \~EOt:rS WORK:J.-Cot.ti11ouJ.
•1jlN'O.!PORE.-ro,.ti11..d.
Police ~1atiou, Sepo1 Linea. Quarten foe 10
m:trn<'.f u,en indudinl{ iencing ...
Mucer .\m,udaut'• Olliee. A.dditiooa &llid.
:ilteratio11~ to .. •
Vi,-u,ria Hridg"o 5<:bool. ~te,uiotl to ...
Priooa, l"rimiual, ~ e,r 1>oilera for kitcb«i
Oi~1rict Coan, ~ew
t'ul~ l'i&&a! LlgbtbooM. Extending coral
,,,er •..
Hooba..gh., Fort Canning and Pw.• tiio-ig
ligbtho,uo, Impco,iaK tbo illu.m.uu.ting
appuat,u of tbe . .. .
Coluciial 8ecretary'1 ollico, &ddition.al 1ton.ge
aoc:oamod&tiOQ .• .
.cclunia.l :5ocretary and A11istant Coloni&l
:k<:retary'• Bungalow, Electric Lighting
ln,tal!&tion at the .. . ..
8_ult&a :Sbo&l, Rep .. iCJ to pier . . ..
1 &G Toclr. Sena;'• Hospila.l, Dni~ of tb4I
.ralloy :>t tbe baclr. of
Go•eri~111u:it .Route, Riaing watc_r 111&in,
• rcpa1n to ... . ..
Qurten, tnh·!:on of 19 Clen.1' &t
K•o<l..n~ Ktrbau
! i
00 \
\
411.◄ 59 -41
3.ir.5 oo .s
3,.596 JI a
707 11 ! d
. 5,9SJ J4 \ d
. 711 66 !..
110 00 · a
J,◄ o6 51 : IS
• I 65 j d
no sd.s
'
JOO 00 a
SJ,979 77 0
3.825 00
3,596 JI
707 II
S,9Sl 34
:11 66
'~, cc
J,406 jl
I 65
210 5.S
JOO C'>
51,979 ii
713,006 II
Go,omment Houoe, exlcn,ioo o{
lieu uderlo1·• quuten dnull
i •
219 J5 ~ o n9 Jj ---....--- f------ ·----
! 1,c81,256 oo' 502,307 63 '. 13~.~::; ;; 7t3,oc6 11 i-- ---.-------· ---· -
LA8t:i.\~.
Anti.'.\t&tari .. \ Works · :uffJ oe.: l'1u-eba,,e of thre" ... ... i
C ullJo ~••la, Purd,ue vi 6,e
einc:ttriei. lkntw1I ut fen~ing . I
C"~ul, H:~ot "al :,{ ir1a:i11~ .
Go.-erncneot Utfi,:e.. ~ t\r tt'41i ... I
Oo,e_rn>nent Oilier• ~oci C'1urt.-b.oua<>. i
Pu .. •ine; . 1
llo.pi,al. ContAi:i~~- Ws.rJ. c:...Cr-:~ II.,;;~ I
~°"f"tal. Ci,il. \Ya1er ,upvl• :
U.t.ner ■ for Ct...rh. k,p~i..,.· i 11
1.000 00
114 00
150 00 -
7SO 00 .
J.000 00
1,000 00
1.000 00
600 00
1,7 so 00
600 00
1,991 38
7S oo .
240 00
504- Jl
2H ;9
600 (:(
:4 05
-Soo oo :- --·----
••• i
c .. ,.,.;,J ronoa.ru
-·---.
;------~------
Ii •I .J_04,_6o6_ 0_0 j60,104 91 ~ 1 •;3 ,.·-· ---- - -.-J"•· 9,111.413 oo 9.113,111 J:I, ~'Ir.,
•• ("nNt..irna.k<L
3 61
39 oo
10 co
lH 0 7
1.715 Or
1,:.00 co
1,::;oa oo
-·-
_____ .• <' 3~ . _:.~.:_---":
,3;.1;9 '~
....... ·------
?19·991 ~
~RAITS
( C 57 ]
SETTLEMENTS-DETAILED STATEMENT
AND ACTUAL EXPENDITURE
OF ESTIMATED
~
.Ru.J>• .&Jfl> Sn-irUJ>1° or Enu»1~1L . ~-
Acrv.1.L On:ans
'.::._.----------------1----- -----11E-n--n-u-n.-
29.-PUBLIC W:ORKS,
BXTB.AORDllCAR.T-c""~ltkuJ.
& e. : c.
9,111.-423 00 9,UJ,111 JI ·---•---
1,925.685 00
! I
I
I
• C. ' I • ••
761,635 39 !. -------- 749,997 01
19-4-,0o l 4 6 ! 1-------1----,-----------
( 8)-lHITLDllrnB A.ND
lOSCXLLA.NEOUB WORU-C-OU.
Police Departu, .. nt, Qaart«w for Clerk.
ss,sso 00
./
,,
Jl,SIJ 17
a.nd Interpret·n at la.an, Centn..l and
A..lor Ga jab Statio1111 •.. • .• /
l'o,t Office, MoJacca, Bxteoaioo of ••.
Reda.m&tiou, Extra ~ to widen qaay __
Rnetment w,JJ to •·•·d•matioa ...
6,000 00
•.ooo oo
3,000 00
S.999" 0 OJ
2,000 00
0 01
: Buney Office, Impro'l'emeuto to
V enu.culu School, Merlimau, Bnlatrment
of &nd remonl of .Teac:ben' Qu.ac- .
ten ... ... . .. !
V eruacuhr :3cbool., Sebatu, Enlugemeat
of and rsmoral of Teacben' Quatten ...
Vem.acula.r Scboola, Renewing att&p roof.a
and tile. &t Semabok, Tanjoog Jdinya.k:.
Bo.kit Brua.ug au8 Pringget
38.,ooo 00
J,000 00
1,100 00
1,100 00
6,000 00
1,999 99
31,000 00
3,'ooo 00
4,299 49
o •s
· l>uzu.n Daun Hoapita.l. Addition,, alter. 1,700 51
a.tioo, a.od· rep&in iocluJin& Enropean
Wa.rcu and Nurse"• Qua.rten ... 35,970 78 °
Pul&a Und&n Ligbthonae, Impronng the
35,970 78
illuminating :lpparatu, of the . .•. 4,39 I 16 . a
Yernacuu.r ~boo!, Kelemak, R&.building 1,700 oo I 0
4,391 1,S
1,700 00
Total, Public Worka, E:r:tnordina.ry
W .ui Euo»nvu.
Repatriation ofChiueee (Cok:iy'a Shue) ... :
Repa.triation of fodiAna do.
8pocul Police P ... .
Miecell1neou1 .. .
Tot&! War Expeodirure
Grand Total
--1-,-5-,7-50-00-1--.-J.-,074 IJ I 42,o61 ~
,---- 25,737 81
9s6,077 S9 , 2t4,4s; 1s __ ,_'•_l_•9_,_1s_4_s_6
i
2,041,435 00 !
90,162 j• a
10,934 7S 0
1,454 37 °
26,446 33 °
I
90.rh s• ;
10,934 78 !
1 ,4S4 37 ·
28,448 Jl · ----------------------
. IJ 1.000 oo 131,000 00 ---------------------
II, 151,85 $ 00 10,1 80, 18S 0. 7 1,10;,112 )·4 2,079,781 57
{Jeduct Excees !,J0j,Jl2 5-1 -------------
~t't Saricg 972,669 OJ ______ __,_ __________ ,, ______ _
.' .u: Tu.u n T
ftavuou, 1,1 .dpril: l9ti;,
•· Uocstim~1cd .
.1... M. POGNTSEY,
'l'rea 111rcr-, S.S.
[ G 10 J
o~be ,ho \Vock av.d where ,itua,ecl..
Whether i
Constructing ·
or ·
u.ndor Repair.
Eetimat.ed
E:xpooees. :
Re turn of all Public
Authority undu wb.iclt. it
i1 b10C1lte<f.
------· ··-. -·-·. - . ------ -.--·---j------
::;I~f.-.! PORE-C.,,.ti,wd.
pt,BLIC "\"rUl{b:::-. E:I.TR~ORDI~.\RY.-CIJ_
(B).-BnLDI~Gs .-\SD lHSCt::LLA.NEOUS;
wnllK3-Co11cl"duJ.
Police Station, ~epoy LlnN, Quarton for
10 MarrieJ men including fenci.a~ ...
Pu~u Pil!&ng Ligbt-boc.e, Extending Coral;
l'ioc •.. ..
8GJ1ding on Pearle Hill for tho &ccommo- ;
.L.tion of the Silcb Police, Alteratiooa to •.. t
Ligbt-bouse. ::'iultan :3ho.J, Rep&in to pier .. !
Colonial ::leeretary's ud ~1111i1tant Colonia.l I Seeretary':1 Qu.a.run, Electric Lighting
Lutall.&tion at ..
Ronborg, Fort Canning and Pulau. P~g ·
Li!(ht-hou.sea. Im pro ring the illum::na.ting ·
•pparA"u of the
Go,~meot Hou.o. lbi,iog water main, I
repa.an lo ... ... . ..
Priaon., Criminal. ~ e,r &ilen for Kitchen ... '1
Ta.D Todt :Jeng"• Hospiul, Uc-aill~e of the
Y dley at the back of .• . . i
Oonnmeut House, Extcn,ion of drain nou I
Qrderley'• Quarters ... . ;
Poet Ollice. Electric Fao.,, loat"1la.tion o[ ... I
l!ISCELLANBOC:! SERVICES. I
1.-..&.-uolly Bccurrent.
Xunicipo.\ ~seum~ot
Bunoy :5c:bool
Tunil I ...
W mmignnoo Fund vrdioanc:e, S.::t
o.Lor ~upply lo Public Buildioga
ior.u. .-\.."r.<u.u.Lr R,ccucr
ll.-Sp•nal Ezpcnditure.
1'lUUi •
t,,,., for 0-o•erameot (.)uuters. :!.
-----LOT<L ::!nc,.u. Exrt:<DtTcU - -- -----
!
I
\
!
I
-l
I
I
"·
l,119.49S 00 !
9,-t67
60 :7 .
7U 00 I ( WL N~. 197 of l9lt..
U,500 00_ !1
1,210 00 Wt. No. !310 of l9H.
~.!GG 00 · WL Yu. 341 of 19lf..
12,7UO 00 WL .So. -434' of l9U. ..
llO() 00 . Wt.: No. -&97 of 1914..
710 00 ! Wt.. No. 5i% of 19li
500 00 ; Wt.11"0. 3:lO of 191-l.
I
2'° 00: Wt. So. 719 or ?91,.
Ul 00 Wt. No. 800 of 19U.
I
! l,lliO.~'l 60
1. ----'
9,500
4,000
9,;;so
:!,5:IO
00 .·
; ~ Bu<l~et for l9U.
1-----·
25,660 00
5,000 , •)
·----~ .. -- - . ·-----
[ G 15 l
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS.
--·-··- --·-·--.,.---
PUBLIC WORKS.·
--·- --
...
PEN ANG.
1914.
l G 22
· Return of all Publlo
-==--===========-===r:======;,=-====-====', =========== .... -==---- I Whether 1
J)oecnl>o tho Work and where aituatod. ; Conetructing Eatimatecl !
or Expeusee. 1
A..uchoritT under which
it u· o:z:ecuted.
under Rot>&iz. I
-------------7---------, ---------
p&'f.L.'iO.-Co..tittw<t/.
PUBLIC WORKS,
E:X:TR.!.ORDI~ A.RY.--Co11ti111<eJ.
(B) -lJUlLDlNOS .!....'l'D M.ISeELLANEOt!S
. WORKS.-Co,.,; • ...,J.
Bro-,lt fontH1rJ ...
27 QGArlen for Gonrnment Ollicon, Claa. Ill 1 2S: Qnarl«-1 for_ ~nior _Subordinate Of!Icen,
Cl.ua IV, :,u, mclodtog pnrcbaao o( ate ... Conafructing.
29. Rcadeaoo for Ria Excolleocy tho Gc?Tornor... j
30. Sd,ool_ Giru, at Northana Road ...
Jll. School. Girle. :Northam Road, Botmd.uy
Wall. R.wing &11.d Lne~ B.oada ... Rming Ro.do.
81 Tr-aury, Gate. &.nd Grillea for ... Conatructing.
33. V ern.aecl.&r S.:hool, Cbo1tTUtn., No,r Roof... Ju..roo&ng.
3!. Watoz:fall Gardena, Qu&rten for 8td &.D.d
Coolie Lil1ea ..• ... .. Conatructing.
as. Fort Cornwallis Light, ImproTomonts to ... Improring.
36. Llgbtbouae Koe~r, Fort ComYa.llia, J1'.r-octio11
of New Qnuten ... ... Con,trnctiog.
27. Xub Road Ligbtbouae, lmpro.-ing the
illaJIWl&tilig a~tua of the ·~ lmproriog.
"3S. Qu.anotia<i 8tatioo, Pubu 1t"jak:, Qoarlon
for Lay 8uperintondeot ... ... Cozutructiog.
39. Q11&n11.\ino $b.tion, Palau Jerejak:, Impronmout
of accommodation ... ... Improriog.
-IO. Qv..&rlen for crew of Oisinfeeting Launch •t. Ser-ow pilo buc:011 ui the Sooth Cb.noel
n. ~t O.urg•·• Cbun:b, }{arblo Flooring
Tou.i., Pu.ur1r
Dindinge.
~- Dinriet O&ice, • Lu111ot Exteo<lio.- :ind
roo6og with Sbing-le~ ... "
H. ~oa W .. u aad C L -
\u G "D6 .i.t aod,og, Lnmut \5. :atcr Uea, Lu1Dut
U.. Now ~~o. Diodin~• Ri.-er ···
::: . } Co11■tnmi11g.
... j Re-lioorin.(.
I
I
... '
i
Re.:
... : Extendiog 10,I
' K~-roo6.ng.
~ (0111truc1iag.
•.. ' I
.. . Pro~iding.
U. To,;p~one Li:'e between Bcuaa and Luruut
c>lioo Sta.non•. Rep~irs <l'.l ••• Hl'pa.iriog.
• e.
""3,{.90 00
1,soo oo l
36.000 00 I "'6,500 00
69,~ss oo I
~Bndgota
3,000
1,600
1,200
: 1191!.
oo I!
. I
oo IJ
of 1912, 1913 and.
5,000
-&0,000 00 I Budge\ 1913 and W"t. ~o. S9'l
of 191-1.
1,300
i,300
i
00 I
Wt. No. ~57 of l9H.
00 Wt. No. l97 of 19H.
5,000 00 Budget 1913 and \Vt. No. 197'
of 19H.
' I
14,55v 00 ) Bo~et.i of 191:?, 1913 and
1 Wt. No. l!l7 ,,f 1!11-l.
00 , Wt. ~o. 197 .,f 191-l.
00 : Wt,. ~o •. :x>9 and 666 of 191~
00 ~ Uodget 1!11:J :ioo Wt. No. 197
/ of 1914.
696,S-W \JO;
:!.t'W w
J,;;oo oo
l.ti-00 ut\
-l,000 ,_,o
)
· BuJ!!~:c ,,i ~ :, : I..
\
·nud!>e<t -·ii:•!:: :iu,J l:Jl-1.
·-----. T,n.,~ o,~l'ISG,
---------------------------
1 - ---------------~---
[ 0 SS J
STRAITS SEITLBMENTS.
PUBLIC WORKS
MALACCA.
1914.
r G 38
Return or all Publio
-====~ --•-: -·- --========;===;=========
•• I I)ooori~ the Work :i.nd when, aitu..t«I..
Whether
Conatra<:ting
or
-------· under Ropur. I
-----
~A.LA..CCA..-Co,,/i,.u..d.
PUBLIC WORK3,
BXTRA.ORDnf.A.RY.-C,,,,t.,.~.
BUILDING8 .A.ND MISCELll~EOUS
WORK3.
..
1. Chin...., Prouctonu, Enlargement of Oflice; Con1tructing.
,. Di1pena&l'y, Banda Kaba Street, Erection of '. Do.
l. Oonmment Baildinga. lnotalb.tion of Electric·
Light . Do.
i.. !Ugh ::kbool. lhucca., [wproTement to roof; Do.
~- Ho•rital, D~ Dauu, Renewing main pipo:
o -.n.t.er S<mce --. . . . . ... Do.
6. Hoopital, Ourian.Daun. Renewing latrin"" to:
Wud ... ... . .. : Do.
7. Hoopib.l. DuriAD Daun, :::{ew Cell. &nd Loch: Do.
8. Malacca l,iye,-, Dredging Cba.nnel for R..cl.&.-,
ma.tioa ... i Do.
9. ~ Po I..owi« ][a\:," Conatruct:ion of boundary;
w..U ... ... ... ··· I Do.
10. Police Bunck ■, Alor G .. j .. h, Two :i.dditional .
roon,a ... . ..
1 l. Police Doputme.nt. Quarten for Clerk• &Dd :
Int«-preun at Jum, C,nn·t.l :\nd Alor i
Ga.j~ Statiooa . .. .. '.
11 Poet Oflic., Mal~ Exten,ioo of
ll.. Recl.unatioa-Extra lilling to ...;den Quar
U. ltnotmont Wall to Red&matioo
16. 3urroy Oitice, lmpro.-_ement ol' ,
lll. V«nac~ School, )Ierlito:lu. Eol:i.rgement ·
of 1.11d remonl of Teschu~· Qu .. rten ...
17. Veraa.cular 3cboola. ~t-.. cu. Enl:ir~~ment of.
and N111>0nl ofTc:acben· Quarte-n
18. V ~cul~r &bool,, Ren,.1rioi; lltt:lp roof •
with_ tile• 1.t Sem1.bolc, T:1.nj.:>ng ~in7•k,.
8ukit Bru1.ag a.ncl Prin~:;cr ... . .. :
19. ~ua l!nd~n Li1:h,-huu,e. [mpnniog the
1llaaun1Lttni: ippantu .:,f the ...
20. Thuian D,.an Hovpit4i . .!ti-1:ri.:>:u. 1!ter:,.ri.io1;
and rcpain ioc;udin~ Euroμean W.i.rJ aod
~uoee· Q1Urten
21. Hoo_pital, Juin. ~cw. indudio!!: purcha.,c .ir
Wlto •
l:l. Vo~ Scboola. Kelemak, Re-~uilding ..
- ..
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Oo.
·,I
Eltim•ted. ·I
Rxpen-.
' "·
2.000 oo l
22,000 oo I
I
?,000 00 3,000 00
3.!!SO. 00 · I
3,000 00
:J.SOO 00
15,000 00 ·
SOO 00
1,000 00
00
00
Authority un.i6r which
it ia nccuW.
6,000
2,000
3,00,J 00 · Colonial Eatilpatff 19B..
38,000
3,00v ~-,
00 : I 1,100
,.,oo "° I
6,000 oo I
I I i
ll:i.i:><.1 vv
----· -·- -··•--.,
f• K l 'J
STRAITS SETfLE.MpNT5-
. ESTABLISHMENTS.
1914.
l K 28 ]
ESTABLISHMENTS.
-~-~-===;==~=======~=;==-
IIFPIClCClerh,
Clua III
Ual,,er
Pe troleu tu Jiu p e ct-or
Engineer-.
Woon Hong 011.
Tu The&m Rill.
Tbu-qm.a.(iDgUD Gopal
.... ~
: N agappan Sa.m.in.&tb.an
i I · ?.hhrani.ya.r Thampiala.
I
l Tan Kim Heng
Sah..ha.nOmnan
r Ale:u11der Ro11<1U. •..
Ii I' 8t.utl•r.McK:endny
i ' De Cnu Monteiro ...
i; I , Fnnci• Ro~o
I . Cb.a.r!bl Boeh.t..dt ... ·· 1! Allred Roull•
I ; John Rodrigue&
: ,!.rth11.r Gom.,.
A.lfr.ed. de Coo ta
l Sa.muel H..rd.ing
Too' Guan Que.
1bdoo
.!.hm .. , bio. Ri pi.n
llohm.ad bin .!.ripin.
. ~ Lep
L.,ba.r
:lulellI).JI.D
Ih.t. ol
A.ppointm.mt.
Bf whom aelected,
ud wh•theJ"
· appoia.tad. under
! my lub;-v.moat.
... 8th July, l9ll. 1
I ·· I Id July. 19t-l. l
.. ; 2nd Oci., 1913. 1
! • .
I
ltt NOY., l9l3. j --l ""=· "°'- !
... lHb Hay 19'.-i. I
... h 1th Iune. toos:i. ;
r :
' ht Ooc.,_ 1912.1
8th Fob, 190i3.
15th J!"ob, 1906.j
i
3rd .:l pril. 1907. 1
, l&t A.ag., 1906 1l
t ...
1 ht Jan. 1900. i
... : 2ud. Doc., 19l'l.1
I :
.. '26th 1 an., 19u.1
' . 1 .
.. . ilSth A.ug., 1913. j
... Ij : 20th Ju., 19H. ·
.• 123,:d J..n., 1914,. [
!3rd Dee., I ':K/6. j
. !
. .. 15th Sept., tBSI. j
. . . 5th Feb., 1!183. ;
J
lu Jan, 1901.
i
9tb. fol), 1913. l
ht J1.n., 1904.
ht Jan .. 1905.
ht J..n_, 1m.
GoHfD<lr.
Da..
~-
Do.
Do.
Do.
Th>.
Do.
Do.
Do:
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
no.
Do .
Do .
Do .
Do.
, ~~"'~"' bin l:hii Moh.o.m_e<l ~oor ht April, i.!.'01:1. I C • • l
Do.
Do.
Uo.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
1.,_· T"°bf S.,n Abdul K.,.ri,n ... I !d l'eb., \9v7. Do.
\ 15-Ml
\ 4,SO
I I uo
-110 I
I '120
I 300
i I soo~
! 8'°
720
,:to
I 720
I 660
660
' 600
l 600
~ 600 I 600
! 600 I
7SO
i
1 396 i
' 396
f
5,.0
~.so
j96
J96
1%
J%
:;!IG
( K 102 }
ESTABLISHMENTS:
On1cs. N.ua.
HARI~E DEPA.H.TM.BNTa,.,,
1.,u,I.
R.uaova D1:n.-C~lu.d.
~ IU.X-L.&.VlfCBita-Co alJ.
Bo<»f.
Eogiooor Mat &maz1 bin M:u&t
,C;t._
L1on•ov1:u.
X-.l.. HNJ..
lc.gL.t.-._~
P..Z- Bi--.
Lip t.k.oo1>4r
T...;~ H•"'•·
Ligbt-koopw
... . Mat bin Bruim.
... D&ad bin Luim. *
; Ali bin H&ji Tail, ...
.•. i K&mi. bin Mob&ID&d Iuo'I.
.... Brah.im bin. Haji &wa
.... Loug b10 BU&&&i,n ..•
. . ! Mob.&m.od bin Omar
... · ~beet Ed:.-&rd. Karl
Oonu1u:rr 3nn:roa or
. jur..
81UT07oc of 8llip1 Henry Muir
TO<D.pon.ry 'lu"oyor .:if Shipe
Cler\. a.... II
Joh11 '.\lit.::hoU Kidd
. . Poriatunby Poaoou.mr
:3Ul'RR?d.B CO U'RT.
1U'J>.fl&a.
:iocior hi111; Judge ... Hi. HouoQ:
By wbom eelectod~
and wboth" : A.unw
Appointed undor '. Swq.
az1y lnatrumont. !
,_- ----,-i ----
i
I i ... I ht Aug .. UHL
I
.. 1 ht JIU)., 11110.
I
I
I
I .. '. i
I !
!
19th Oct, l9 l2.
lat J,,_.,o, 1~11.,
19th Oct.,, 19U. ,
I
i
lat A..ug •• 19l1. j
• I
lat Fob, 191L ;
17~ J&o., 191 ... i
9th. J!"eb~ 19U. !
i I ht Juno, 19H .. j
i 1,t Oot, 1912. i
... : 12th Apr., 1900.;
I
.. 3lttMay,19lj_ l .
... j ht Ju,., "9H.
I
I
I
I 15th S..pt, t9\8.
GoT-.nor.
Do •
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
1-:o"•naor.
33G"··
I I·
I I
I
j
I
Hi, Hooour Tl>om.,. &n,ombo I
rr-r ·-~" ,.~,c•t :1-
kl" t.M fl°•••ttc ~ .t
•'- roJ-- !
:!mitb • ... ! Zlrd Apr .. 1907. Do.
--·--------
ANNEX MM 67
Letter from J.D Higham for the Colonial Secretary, Singapore, to
the British Adviser, Johor, and appendices, 12 June 1953
The Honourable
'Ihe Br1t1ah Adviser,
l0B0Ms. I
Sir,
ll ~._ June ,
la.a directed to ask tor 1ntormat1on about the
rock acae 40 miles troll Singapore Jcnovn as Pedra Branca
on vhich the Borsbarch Lichthouae stands. The -tter 1•
Nl.ff&Dt to the determination or the bounda.r1es ot the
Cole>QT'• tarr1tor1al vatera. It appeara thia rook 1a
outside the 111111ta ceded b7 &ultan Buasai.D and the Dato Tmnncco.n« . to the But India Coai,any vi~h the island ot
Singapore 1n the tre_aty ot 1824 {extract at 1.1• >. It
vaa bovevv mentioned 1n a deapatcb tro11 the Oovarnor ot
Slngapor• on 28th llov•ber l8U (extract at 'B') •. nie
llchtbo•e vu ballt 1D 1860 by the Coloey Government
,mo baye ll&intained it ner since. nus by international
u.aace no doubt confer-a aoae right• and obl1pttons on· the
ColonT.
2. In the cue or Pulau Pisang vb1ch is alao outside
the Tr•tr 11mit1 ot th• ColoDJ" 1t hu been possible
to trace an indenture 1n the Jobor• Registr7 o~ Deed.a
dated 5th Ootober1 1900. This abova that a part ot Pulau
PJ.aana vaa p-&Dtect to the Crow tor the purpo&• ~
bulldlng a llcbtboas-. Certain condition.a veN attached
and it 1a ole&l" that there vu no abrogation ot the
80Tve1gnty ot Jobor-. The 1tatm or Pisani 1:s quite
clear.
:s. It 1• bov d•i.J'eci to clar1t7 the statua ot Pedra
Braooa. I vould tberetore be mo.t cratetul to know vhethc·
there 1• anr docQaent ahovinc a lease or crant ot the rook
or vhetber it has bem ceded by the Ooverameat ot the State
ot Jobor• or 1n an,- oth• way diapoaed. ot.
'• £ copy ot th11 letter is being sent to the CM.et
Secreta.r1, Jtuala wapur.
The Honourable
The Chief Secretary,
Federation ot Malaya,
..-na T a T rnrft~
I am, Bir,
Iour obedient senant,
-- ' ...... "'·' D HT GRAM
(J.D. B1£baa)
tor Colonial S eo?-etary •
61.ngapoN.
A.
Ex.tract from Hr. John Crawford's treaty of 1824.
JOHORE, 1824
A TRf..ATY of FRIENDSHIP and ill...IANCE between the HONOURABLE
THE ENGLISH EAST INDIA COriPAllY oo. the one side, and th_eir HIGHNESSES
the SULTAN and TliliUNGOU} of JOHORE on the other, concluded on the
Second day or August, One Thot.rsand Eight Hundred and Twenty-four ( 1824).
ARTICIB II.
Their Highnesses the Sultan Hussain Mahomed Shah and Datu
Tumungong Abdul Rahman Sri Maharajah hereby cede in full sovereignty
and property to the Honourable the English East India Company, their
heirs and successors for ever, the Island of Singapore, situated in
the Straits of Malacca, together ~ith the adjacent seas, straits, and
islets, to the extent of ten geographical miles, from the coast of the
said main Island ~f Singapore.
Extract from a despatch by the Governor or Singapore to the
Govemor~eneral in Bengal, 28.ll.1844.
c,·~ P~ ~~J
This Rock,(is part of a territory of the Rajah of Johore
a.
who wi. th the Tummggong has willingly consented to cede 1 t gratui t/ousl:;f
to the East India Company.
· o:imait b{ At:t.a;rey-<?,er of SiJqaJX]Ie
~ al:ove harrlwri.ttm wcros in pm!lthesis: "ie Fe:lra &area" \t.eie rot EBrt of
fu: arigina1. de:pitch bJ the G:M:!tn:lr of siiaw:n:e to the~ in
8=rgal data:i 28 tbJatber 1844. A facsimile of the ariginal despm:h fran the
~ of Si.IJ34Xll.e to the~ in fs-gtl is at Afp3liix 2. It
is rd: cle:lr W'X> attd the ran:t,.,rittm \ta:ds in pn-ent:h:!sis in tre ab:1Je
extrcci:. Scrutiny of the arigiral. def:pitch clEBrly snvs that tre R:d<
refernrl to is rd: ~ Btan:a b.lt Ieak R.::dc, wri.ch is 1. 3 rautical miles fran
tl-e Jcb:Jr coast.line, an:l within Jch::r's territarial W:rt:ers. 'Ibis is e.rident
fron the fcct. that the lccatim of · Iek Rx:k is n-entiam in rel.aticn to the
P=Siticn of :Ee:h-a Brarx:a in tlE despm:h fran the G::,.Jermr of Sirgap:lre to the
~ in Is'-gal. ~, the Ib:k carrot be Rrlra Brarca.
ANNEX MM 68
Letter and attachments from A.G.B. Colton, for the Colonial
Secretary, Singapore, to the Deputy Commissioner General for
Colonial Affairs, Singapore, July1953
C.S.OolJ.293/52
The Dep-.rty Commisl!li.oner General.
. for ~olonial Affairs,
Phoe~ Park,
SP1GAPORS:.
Sir,
lCOPY)
Territori.tl ~aters
I c.n directed to refer to the Secretary of State I s savin.:,"T8J'D No. 94:S
to the Officer Adm ni ~tering tha Governm~nt of Singapore and to previous
co:-respondence on the effects of the Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries judgment of 1952.
2. In general the ncr.t methods of defining the lilll.1ts of territorial vaters
can have little effect on the Colony v~ose coasts a:-e mainly 1,1ithin six miles
or the coasts of mighbourlng States. In the first place the extent of the
sovereignty of Singapore over nearby islets i£ ~et out in Article 12 of the
Treaty or Holland, 1824:~ and in John Cra.vf"ard.~~ treaty of 182-l vi.th Johore
{Attacl-..1:lents A & B) ~· The greater part of the sotithve.rd boun:lary or the Co}.ony'a
territorial. \raters is therefore the mid-<:hannal line betveen the most southerly
or these islets and the ttost northerly Irt-ionesi4n i!Slets. A. Jll.id-channal line
has l!!lim.llarly to be dravn betveen the 1110st northerly cos.ate of the Colony- and
the coast of the State of Joha:re. This latter mid-channel line vas precisely
defined by an Agreement of 1927 (A.ttacbJRent C). There ~n only wo short
stretches of the boundary of the Colony's territoria.l. vaters vhich can extend
to three miles from the coast. The position is ilJ.uatrated in the chart
attached 'D'.
5. The application of the judgment in the. Anglo--Nc,Negian FJ.sheries case
vould all.ov little or no change from the· for,:n.er me-thods o~ dra.Yi.ng be.se lines
at those parts 1,1~ re the boundery can stretch to the .full three miles vhen
Sillgapore a1one is considered. If S~apare and J0 ho:e· vere considered tog~h~r
bc>.se linel!I could be dra\lll across the mouthsof the Straits of Joho:re and a joint· ·
boun:lcU"Y could be pushed further out to sea than is now done. .Toint con sideratior:
in ·this \lay is hwever probably inacceptable in viev firstly of the e:rlste_hce of
the Treaty of 1824 and the Agreement:-of 1927 vith J0bore and. secondly of the
fact that the bo~aries in these localities·:have in the past been ta~en as
dravn frOI:l the coasts of Singap:,re and Johore considered separately •. In an;y casa
the te:-ritorlal advantage or joint consideration vould be very small.
4. The conclusion is tb-=refore that. the apPlication of t'he neV principles
could result in no e.>..-tensive or i.mport211~ alteration of the territorial vaters
of the Colony. For this reason lit~le advantage in respect to s-J.Ch matters as
fisheries, policing end control vould b':' gained.
5. On the other band a.n application of the nev principles by neighbouring
c01.mtde s m~t re:rJlt in their clai:lrl.ng jurisdiction over ·1arge areas DOW'
re.~aroed as the high seas. Thia could o!1ly result in an undesirable restriction
to the fishing grounds normall,- uud by .Sin~pore fishermen. For general
reasons also any enclosure of the high seas by foreign State!!! ill contrary to .tha
i.ntererl or this densely populated maritime Colony dependent on sea-borm trade.
In thil!l·conneotlon an understanding on the fomer ~etbods of defining territorU>.l
vaters va1 reached \llth Indonesia in an exchange errli.ng in JuJy, 1951, \.-ith
Forei.,"'n Office despatch No.159 to D.1akarta. The tolerable relationship Yhich
nov exists betveen this Colony an:l Indonesia rests to some extent on this
understanding vhich could not be adn.ntageously- disturbed. •.
I a:n, Sir,
Your obedient eerrant,
Sgd.(A.G.B. COLTON)
!"or Co1oniaJ. Se crcta..ry.
Attac;h!ent . 'J. •
Kxtra.et from HANDBOOK OF CCi-ii·£RCIAL TREATIES 1931.
TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED lCI1ra>CM AND THE NETHmLAJIDS
RESPECTING TE?.. '.U 'l'CRY Am> CCM-IERCE IlJ THE EAST IlIDIESSigned
at.London. Ms:rch, 17, 182-&.
xxxxxxxx:xxxxxxxx
9. The ta.etor.r of Fort Marlborough. and al.1 the English possessions
on the Is.1.anc of SUiila.tra, a.re ha:reby ceded to His Netherland Haje5ty: · and
His Britannic Majesty !'arthar engages that no British settlement shall be
!ci.,:.aed on that ialani, nor aey treaty concluded by British· authority, vith
any na.tiTe prince. chief or State therein. ·
10. The tCMn and fort of Hala.cea: and its dapeirlenciee are hereby
cedtrl to H1:i Britannic Majesty; and Hi.i, ff)th<trland Majesty engages, for
hl.eel.f' and his Abjects, never to form.~ erlabliahment on a:r:v part o~
the Pen.insul.a of Mal.ace&; or to conclude 9.%l1' treaty vith e.ny- native prince,
c~ef or State therein.
ll. Ria Britawic Majesty vithdra.va the objections vhleh have been
made to the occupation of the Isl.and of Billiton and its dependencies, by
the agents of the Netherland Gonirnment.
12~ H1s Nether1and a.Id 1-njesty vitbdralla the objections wich he.ve
b~sn Jllade to the occnpa.tion of the'Iila.nd or Singapore by the eubjecta of
· His Bri tamrl.c Maj est,-.
:a:u Britannic Majesty. hovever, engages that no British ee:tablishment
Bhall be made on the Cari,mon Isles• or on the Islands of Be.ttam.
Bintang, Lingin, or on aiv of the other islands south of' the Straits er
Sinsapore, nor ~ treaty conclttded by British authority vith the cli3fs of
those island.3. · ·
xxxxxxx.x.xxxxxx
--··------------ ------------------~
Attachment f'B'
A .
Treaty of Frierdship and Allianoe betveen the HONOURABLE THE ElDLISH
EAST INDIA CCHPANY on the one side, ruit their HIGHNESSES THE SULTAN AND
TTJMU"NGONG OF JORORE on the other, concluded on the Secom day or August,
Ona Thousand Eight Hundred and Tventy-four (1824).
ARTICLE II
Their Righnea:ies tbs Sultan Hussain Mahomed Shah and Datu
'l'.Ullungoilg _Abdul P.abman Sri Mabari~ be~by cede ill f'all eovereig11ty
an:1 property to the Ro~ourable the Engl 1 sh Earl India: Compe.ny, their
heirs and suecesso:,a· ~(1%' eTer1 the I8l.and ~ Singapore, i11~ted 1n the
S~nite of MaJ.acca6 _togeth~ Vith the adjacent seas. straits~ and islets,
to the men~ or t~ georgra.phieal mil.ea, from the coan of the said
ma1n Ls1and or Singapore.,
STR.l\rrS SETTI»!E1fl'S GOVEruiMEt-?'l' GAZttl'E
AUGasr 11. 192e
No.1580 - TBE Straits Settlements and .Tobon, (Territor:i.al Yaters)
Agreement dated_the 19th October, 19~1, 1s published !or _general. inf'armationo
(The Agreement Bill having ~sed both Ho113es of Parliament.received Royal
Assent on the 5rd of August, 1928).
By Command,
G. Hemaa.nt, M.c.s.
Acting Colonial Secretary,
Straits Settlements,
(!b. 753.5/28).
AGREEMENr MADE BETWEEN ~ Excellelley Sir HUGR CHA.RIES CLil"FCRD, H.c.s.
Knight Grand Cross or the Most Distinguished Order or Saint Michael am Saint
Georgs, Knight Grand Cross of the 1~t Excellent Ord.er of the 'British Empire,
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colo?lY of the Straits _Sel;tlements, on
beha.lt or His Britannic He.jestt and H1s I!ighness IBRAr.lM, Kn1ght Grand Cross
of the Most Distinguished Ord~r of Ssiit M1cb.ael,,and Saint George,· Knight
Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, bin Al.marh0111 ·
Sultan ABU BAKAR, Sultan or the State ~_and Terrl.tary of Johora:
WHEREAS-by Article II of the Treaty of the 2nd da,- or Augu.st, 1824, made
betveen the llonourable the English Ea.st India Com.PBJ]y on the one aide aDi Their
Highnesses the Sultan and Tmnmgong .of Johcre on the other• Their said Highnesses
did c~ in M..1 sovereignty and property to the eaid Compe.n,;y, their heirs and
s~ceaaors for ever, the Islani of Singapore together Yi.th certain adjacent
sea5, straits and islets: ·
AND WHERE.AS His Britannic Mtijesty 1n token of the f'riemship which he bears
towards His Ri,ghness IBRAHIM bin Almarb.om Sultan ~U BA.KAR, Sultan or the State
am Territory of Joh$re,is desirous.that certain bf the said aeas, straits and
islats ahall be retro-eeded and shal. l agajn fOl"Jll part or the Ste;t~ ani Territory
of .tohore: ·
NW, THER'SFO~, it is ~eed and declared as follovs :OOICLE
I
The boundary betveen the territor1a1 vaters of the Settlement of Singapore
and those or the Sta"te and Territory of .Tohore shal 1. excapt as here~er
specified in this Article, 'be an imaginary line follo\ling the centre of the deepwater
chsnnal in Johoie Strait, betveen the 'Ela.inland of the State and Territory
of Jobore on the one side am the N0rthern Shores of fue Island.s of Singapore,
Pu1au Ubin, Pulau Tekong Kechl.l and Mau Tekong Besar on the other side. Where,
if at all, tbe channel .:!iv.ides into tvo portions of equal depth rmming sid-a by
side, the boundary shall run midva.y betveen these tvo portions. At the Ysstern
entrance of Johore Strait, the boundary, after ~sing thro.igh the_ centre of the
dee~ater channel F..aatvard. of Pul.au 1-8rambong; shall proceed seaward, in the
general direction of the arls of this channel pt"Odueed, until it intersects the
5-cile limit dra.vn from the lo.1 vater mark or the South Coast of Pul.au Meram.bong ..
At the Eaatern entrance or ·Johore Strait, the boundary shall be held to pass
through the centre of the deep-vater channel betveen the ma.inlam of Johore, ·
llestvard of Johore Hlll, and Pill.au Tekong Besar, next through the centre of tha
doep-vater ~hannel betlreen Johore Shoa1 andthe ma.inlam. of Johore,· Soutmrard of
Johore Hill; and fi.nnJ ly- turning Soutlntard, to interacct the 5-mlle limit drmrn
from the low water mark of the mai nJ.and or Johore in a position bearing 192
d_egrees rrom Tanjong Sitapa.
contd. 2/ ••••.
I -
- 2 -
The boundary as so defined 1s approximately delineated in red on the map
8ll?l8:md hereimto and forming part or this Agremaent. Should, however, the map,
o.n.1g to alterations in the channels, ·etc., appear e.t a.n;r tue to conflict v!th·
the text or this Agreement, the text shall in all cases pre:vaU ..
AR'i'ICLE Il
·Subject to the provieions of Article I hereof, a1l tho:,e waters ceded by
Their Highnesses the Stltan 3lld Tumnngong or Johore unier Treaty of the 2nd or
August, 1824, vhich are vithin three nautical miles of the mainlatii or the
State and Territory of Jobore measured fl"Oll lov vater mark shall be deemed to
be 'Within the 1'errltoria1 Yaters of the State am Territory of Johore.
ARTICIE III
All islets lying "11th~ the Territorial. vatertS of the State and Territory
of Johore, aJS defined 1n Article~ I and II hereor, vhich i.mlledia.tel,y prior to
this .Agreeaent formed part. of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, are hereby
ceded in tllll sovereignty and propert.y to His Highness the Sultan of the State
an:l Territory of Johore, his hetr-. and successors for ever.
ARTICIJ: IV
This Agreement shal.l remaill without force or effect until it has rece1V13d
the approval of the Brit~ Parliament.
IN ·\lTINESS vh.ereof His Excellency Sir HUGH CHARLES CLIFFORD, M.C .s., Knight
Grand Cross or the Most llli!t1.ngu1ahed Order or Saint Micha.el and Saint George,
Knight Grand Cross or ~e Most Excellent Order or the British Empire, am Hi.is
Highness IBRAHIM, Knight Grand Cross or the Most Distinguished. Order of Saint
Miehe.el and Saint George, Knight Commander of the Most Excel.lent Order of the
British &npire, bin Al.lllorhcm Sultan ABU BAKAR, _haw set their respective seals
and. s~ture1.
Dated at Singapore. this 19th day or October, 1927.
L.S. HUGH CLIFFORD,
M.c.s.
Gcm:RNCR AND ca-2-rumm-IN-CHJEF.
Witnesses:-
J.D. Ball (Signed) ABD~LAH bin JAAFAR,
·Dato' 1-~ntri Besar, Jobcra
J. HUGI}!~ (Signed) RA.JI HORAH!ID SAW bk HA.JI SlJT....Eililll,
Capt.,
P.:-ivate Secretar-J to H.H the Sultan.
L.S.
.., 0
.. ,
.•' . > •
..
: .
. ..
. t
t .
. ' • • . ;,
'
.1·. •
•
• ..
'.. . •··
• I !
• i !
l
ANNEX MM 69
Letter from the Acting State Secretary, Johor to the Colonial
Secretary, Singapore, 21 September 1953
S. ~1- I. " ",.,.,,., , ..... • ~_.... .. f1141W
-~,_,,, .. cw --
~t STATE SECRETARY'S OFnCE, @
~SSJ.1120/53/6
tit. .... tMl• W 9:$11 aL M
0,.1.INMWIUOl SLM
J..I. ..... I.L t6
~ JOBORE,
ffiB~RE BABRU, .?~~-:. -~~~.:: ..... lt
5>.
:-1
EUr, COLONIAi_ MCRETARIAT @
RECEIVED
I hove the honour to refer to your leti'er
No.CS0~11692/52 dated 12th June 1953, addressed
to the British Adviser, Johore, on the question
of the statue of Pedrs Brence Rock some 40 miles
fr0111 Singapore and tJ inform you tret the JohJre
Government ~oes not claim ownership of Pedra
Branes.
To:
The Hon'ble
( M. sETHB!N SAAID )
AG: STATE SECRETARY
JOHORE.
The Colonial Secretary,
Singapore.
TA:B.
ANNEX MM 70
Internal Memorandum from the Colonial Secretary, Singapore to
the Attorney-General, Singapore, and reply, 1 [2 sic] October 1953
C-S.6. 11 bctd./ S 1-/, ~
A. s -lt-tCl.J~) G:. U-..tl.u £~c, c1 J. 1 .. ~
R_+e,-~ (°tJ, r-l· ~ (14-),
\..I\-~.
A:(_ -
- ~ • ,._ ~ -,/,i, I' / 6) • ve r...._
~ ~ ~ .. ~ ~ .
'ltli/x
OGl 2 l9S5
ft:r./ 14) - -
~ ~"'!1.
1'r/ ,1x.
ANNEX MM 71
Annual Report of the Rural Board Singapore 1953, Singapore,
Government Printing Office, Chapter One, p. 1
COLONY OF SINGAPORE
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
RURAL BOARD SINGAPORE
1953
ny
.E. V. G. DAY. C.M.G.
Chairman, Rural /Joard
Sin!,!apore
CHA-PTER ONE
GENERAL -REV1IEW
THE AREA controlled by the -Board was enlarged during the year, vide Gazette
Notification No. S 188 published on 19th June, 1953, to include all the
other small neighbouring •islands whether inhabited or not, falling within the
territorial waters of the ·colony of· Singapore. The ·Rural Board area at the
end of the year comprised the following, the additional islands brought into
the :Rural ·Board area c:luring the year being "shown in jtalics: that portion of
Singapore Is]and outside Municipal Limits and also the outlying islnnds of
Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong, Puluu Brani. Pulau Sebarok, ·Pulau Blakang Mati.
Pulau Sudong, Pulau r·esek, Pulau Merlimau. Pulau Ayer Chawnn. Pt.Hau
Sakm. Pu]au Seraya. Pulau Seburus Luar. Pulau Seburus Dalam. Pulau
Mesemut Darat, Pulau Mesemut Laut. Pulau Bukom Kechi). Pulau Bukom
Besar. Pulau Hantu, Pu/au Batu Berduan, Pu/au Clcichir, Pulau ·Damar Laut,
Pulau Peropok, Pu/au Scmulun, Pu/au MerawanJ.:, Pu/au Pergam. Pulau Sarimhun,
Pulau Se/etar, Pu/au Seran,:oon, Pu/au Kitam, Pu/au Sekudu, Pu/au
TekonJ.: Kechi/, Pu/au Sajalrat, Pu/au Sunjun1:kong, Pu/au Unum, Pu/au
Semecheck, 'Pu/au !Batu ·Belalai, 'Pu/au Sele1:u, Pu/au Tekukor, Pu/au Sakijang
Berulera, Pu/au Sak/Ja.,w Pelepah, Pu/au Tembakul, Pu/au Suhar Laut, Pulau
Subar Darat, Pulau BuslnR, Pu/au Viar, Pu/au J01w, Pu/au Saken,;, Pu/au
Semakau, Pu/au Salu; Pu/au Berkas, Pu/au Pawai, Pulau Senang, Pu/au Bio/a
and Pu/au Satumu including the foreshore contiguous to the said portion and
to the said islands. the whole subject to specified sections of the Municipal
Ordinance (Chapter 133) and the whole of the main Island outside City Limits
together with the Islands of Pulau Tekong and Pulau Ubin-the Building
Control area-to additional sections.
COMPOSITION AND MEMBERSHIP
The Board was composed of the following: -
I. The Chairman. Rural Board (Mr. E. V. G. Day. c.M.G.).
" The Director of Education.
3. The Chief Health Officer.
4. The Secretary for Social Welfore.
5. The Senior Executive Engineer. Rural.
6. The Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police 'Areas·.
7. The Honourable Che' Ahmad bin Mohamed Ibrahim.
· 8. Mr. A. L. B. Swaine.
9. Che' Mahmood bin Abdul Wahab. J.P.
l 0. Dr. W. A. Nicholas.
11. Mr. C. D. Yarrow.
12. The Honourable Mr. H. J. C. Kulasingha, representing Pasir
Panj~ng Rural District Committee.
13. Mr. Goh Tong Liang, s.c.H., representing Bukit Panjang Rural
District Committee.
ANNEX MM 72
Annual Report of the Rural Board Singapore 1956, Singapore,
Government Printing Office, Chapter One, p. 1
COLONY OF SINGAPORE
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
RURAL BOARD SINGAPORE
1956
BY
P. H. MEADOWS. M.C.
Chairman, Rural Board
Singapore
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL REVIEW
Tiff RURAL BOARD AREA of Singapore at the end of 1956 comprised the
same area as at the end of I 955, namely:-
That portion of Singapore Island outsi_Jc City limits and also
the outlying Islands of Pulau Uhin, Pulau Tckonx. Pu/au Brani. Pu/au
Sebarok, Pulau Blakang Mari, Pu/au Sudong, Pu/au Pesek, Pulau Merlimau,
Pu/au Ayer Chmvan, Pulau Sakra, Pulau Seraya, Pulau Scburus
Laut, Pulau Seburus Da!am, Pu/au Mescmur Darat, Pulau Mescmut
Laur; Pulau Bukom Kechi!, Pu/au Bukom -Besar, Pu/au Ha,uu, Pulau
Batu Berduan, Pu/au Chirchir, Pu/au Damar Laut, Pu/au Peropok,
Pulau Semulun, Pulau Merawang, Pu/au PerRam, Pu/au Sarimbun,
Pu/au Seletar, Pulau Seranguon, Pu/au K itam, Pulau Se/.:udu, Pu/au
Tekong Kechi!, Pu/au SajaftaJ, Pu/au Sunj1mgkonR, Pu/au Unum.
Pu/au Semecheck, Pu/au Batu Bdalai, Pu/au Sele1:u. Pu/au Tekukor.
Pulau Sakijang Bendera. Pulau Sakijani Pelepah, Pu/au Tombakul,
Pu/au Suhar Laut, Pu/au Suhar Darat, Pu/au Busing, Pu/au Ulur, Pulau
Jong, Pu/au Sakeng, Pulau Semakau, Pu/au Salu, Pu/au Berkas, Pulau
Pawai, Pu/au Senang, Pulau /Jiu/a and Pu/au Sarumu including t.hc
foreshore contiguous to the said portinn and to the -said Islands. the
whoJc subject to spccilicd scclions of the Municipal Ordinance (Chapll'.r
111) :111d the whok: or the main Island outside City Limits together
with the Islands nf Pubu Tc:kong and Pul~1u Ubin---thc Bulding Con~
trol area- --to addition,d sections.~ ~
COMl'OSITION AND Ml:Ml!l'RSllll'
The Board v.·as cnmposcd ~)f the following:-····
I. The Chairman, Rural Huard
-, The Di rec\ ur uf ElJuc;\\ i11n.
J. Th.: Chid Heal!h Oflica.
f Mr . .\_ u: B~rl11ck .. J,rnu:,ry 1 'J_'i<i.
1 r---tr. /\. E. Goudwrn, h:hru;.1ry 111 Dc..:cmbcr L ! ())(1.
4. The Director of Social Wclfan:.
5. The Senior Executive Engineer. Rural.
(i. The Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police "Areas··.
7. Mr. A. L. B. Swaine.
8. Che Mahmood bin Abdul Wahab. J.I'.
9. Dr. W. A. Nicholas.
JO. Mr. C. D. Yarrow.
11. Mr. R. S. Boswell.
12. Mr. H. L C. Kulasingha, O.B.E .• representing Pasir Panjan,g Rural District
Committee.
. '
13. Mr. Goh ·Tong Liang, s.c.H., M.L.A., representing Bukil Panjang Rural Dis!6,...,
Committee.
14. Mr. Cheong E. Peng, representing Oukil Ti mah/ Jurong Rural District Co1
r,.--. ; I t ,.... -~
ANNEX MM 73
Letter from the Director of Marine, Malaya, to the Director of
Marine, Singapore, 1 May 1964, and reply, 13 May 1964
.ili.rc--ct or of Mru·ine,
S i.pga.:po:i.--e •
·-Television for Lghthou·s(?::;
I \,01.u.d be grateful: if you could supply □e
·,dth pru.--ticulnxs of'· ::rou:r ~,.;:to, e.:nd d1ether purchase
outright or r~tcd, in o:rd~! tho.t I t,lfJN take action
.:Cm• t1le 1965 Lit;ht. Dues_ .futi:.ates.
.,.,.,..,; . .ti:f:i.i- BJ.,.
($§fl.) R. E. oll:
i.:rector cf' Marino,
J.faleya ..
(R.. E. Gee)
,, -· aox 1◄ 1
TtltJtcrfJ-Mc. Ad'-drn-1:
"SINGJ'ORT"
GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF SINGAPORE --~
MARINE DEPARTMENT,
ht FLOOR, FULLERTON BUILDING,
. SINGAPORE I.
R,(.N, L.D.B. 5/63 --1-3th May,
The Director or Marine,
Marine fieadquarters,
P.O. Box. 445,
Penang,
Malaysia.
TELEVISION FOR LIGHTHOUSES
I refer to your letter rererence (145) d.lm. Mar.181/57
dated 1st May, 1964. -;::::::::::-
2. When we dec1d.ed to put Television sets at the lighthouses,
we made a number or inquiries to rent these sets, but were unable
to arrive at any satisfactory agreement with rental companies.
We therefore decided to purchase the sets and the details or
these and approximate coats are as rollowa :-
Horsburgh Lighthouse
Hitachi Mains T.V. set 1411 • Cost $398.00, p1us
12 element Channel Master Aerial (w~ring etc.)
at $200.00.
Pulau Pisang. Ratrles & SuJ.tan Shoal lighthouses
Fitted wi.th 811 Sony battery T.V. sets. Net
coat was $420.00 each set, plus $150/- ror 12
element Channel Master Aerial. ror Po. Pisang,
and 10. and 5 element aerials for Raf'fles and
Sul tan Shoal at a cost of $60/- and $35/rea:
pect:i'.vely.
(Jg~i~t) Di~eptor of Marine,
( ~ingapa.re.
V
ANNEX MM 74
J.A.L. Pavitt, First Pharos of the Eastern Seas: Horsburgh
Lighthouse, Singapore Light Dues Board, Singapore, 1966, p. 51
FIRS,_l~ I'I-l1-\_ROS
() F 'I" I-I l~
E.t\..S,.rEI~N ~Ei\..S
A Chronie:le Cumμi1ed
,J. A. L. Pavitt
Published for
The Sing3.pore Light Dul's Board
by
Ovnald .Moore Press Ltd
Singapore Light Dues Board
._1f~0i:;~~i:_:g9;._is b~e of the group of 5 lighthouses operated by the Singapore
Light, _Oles Board. .
The Boa_r.d, fqr_Illed by_ statute in 1~57, is responsible for the provision:
~nd \i°pk~~P,- hr ~I)slu"p nay_igational aids in Singapore waters. and for ~ht! o:.it-I0ng:_
s_~tions at, Pedra_ ,.I~ranca ( Hoq,burgh) in the South China ·sea and Pula~
,_ P.. i·· s..a.-~ n--.. g~\~~.:,-:...i,,1:__1..;~...-\.......1....a... -la.c...c ,·a ·. -S~·-t··r ~., ...-.. .,i,,.t..... .. \Vithin- S.: i~g~-po~e waters.· the· Board. maintai~s- ~ .. . . . . ~- .
Rafll°es, S~fu-~oal 2--i7!9 ~t~rtc,_~ ___ I,ighthausesf 33 light beacons. 2~ unlit
beacons. 15 light buoys. and 8 unlit buoys. Operational expenditure is met
from the income derived by way of Light 1).1es paid by ships calling at
Singapore; these dues ~ing c.ne cent ( Malayan) per net registered ton for
· ships calling for bunkers. stores and water and two cents (Malayan) per net
registered tons for vessels calling to load/discharge cargo or embark/
disembark passengers. During 1965. the Board derived an income of
MS701,565.10 from dues and interestonreservesandexpended M$644, 152.61
on the provision and upkeep of navigational aids.
Members of the Board are apJX)inted by the Dep:.1ty Prime Minister and
represent the interests of port users, the Port of Sineap0re Authority and
the Singapore Government.
51
ANNEXMM75
Straits Times, 17 April 1968
.SIGNING tl~s :.,ru~
111,Utl ••• lrcim ldl; :Esso
bpl-or;a Uo-n 'PJ e:si-d.H l, Jl!lt.
:E. C. hlmo-'a, F.q,e,ollir"~
WT. Mr. C. l. ::Sniiut"i tlu:
StilWtor~Gii::iu,nli l~i:=tl.!i
M111 hamcd &a.Ile:11, tll,~
hrlb.nui:a.t.al"J' StCl'lll'b.tJ
la Uu: FJ~.n.ui lliJl.i.l;Lr-1.
l.1u::ft,i:. All bln. Jbj:.i All- ::J~t I:c1n.~~ n-:~
':1.ltuh, ~ Stnlt!lli Tl~
lJ,i,i:t'llr~-!11 Sffnf RH Sin.
MR.. 4, It. kAttl, vin:
"P:r~d:ieDt of Cfn~t..al
nu Oil. of Mll.l.a.J-.$!a,
:!lii.-W.~ :tbc: 4'RCmcD-t..
Tl:ii!.1 b. lb111 llM ftll.lUR
g11.dl!:rtU:~n •r C,oa.Un~
ill W OlJ bii :a,:a.Ja:,-.
da..-Si:raiu Times ;de•
LUf1!;.
By £LIZABETH WONG: Kuala I
'-------.._umi::iYr, TueGday-------
MALAYSIA today
· granted ,i 8 ht.
for the p,ospee ting
of oil over the entire
con ti nen \al shelf of
the east coast of
West Malaysia to
two American companies.
Tt,.ey a« E'.s:l.O ExpJ
ora U on of Mala.y.s:J a
Inc .. and Con~nentaJ
011 Ca. Of Malaysia.
At :a. eieti!:m.on)' w,
DtNn.i ~ 1: tc ma.rt the
A11nulc or t.ht! ttr.tt ~
licutll ~fll!!-!".ment lbet•Hn
l.h1: GD"TCr.rnne~t. -..Od \l".ie:
n.1J cDDl'g-111 l\lcs, Uu: 'p.ftl,1-
df'.nt. •ni=I i:U:r~t.o:r of ~
E:lf):ll{]ra Uan, M:r. l!:..C:, 5a.1~
men. annouDud. U'lat hi~
i:::~m.pan:.- would .s1al1. e:icp
1 o- r a.~ 1 on wofk ne:a:t
monffl,
CI.HHJn1mt&l OU wouli1
btit:ln Cl:p,!-H, u-on.i ;ii ,c, o n
1-U.1:.r.
A new er<i
R~prue:nu.nr tlu: Ga,,r.
mn'Lent a.t th.-e .t:1,rur.i,
~,non:r •trll!- thi!J rtT
nllLnC:11!1 U!n4t!:r, TUn T~
81-e• Sin.. uu! t.bl!" M;t:nt.ii;t!::
r of Landi .nd lilltl.!:1.,,
:Oato !1:aJi Abdu.l lt.ab:c11:1,.n
!(a"t.nb.
&uo :l;;:tplC'JU-~ cl'
M.J:1..,.da. l.cie. wurepre•
p!:ll"tltC. IJ;J u.s p.tt.dd-e.cit,,.
?,,iti-. s:rJmon, • ~.-.
M..r. a.1, Brouch. and th.t:t
CllldP-.n:J';!I L!.'!l!;rta.nt h:--
,&.,f.',l!_:t ir,.- Mc~ 'IN.K. DiU..--'
11111!" i!'IC:i=:-pre.Sl.d.-el':!'t -.nd
-oln<:wr D1 Cactinl!nUI
Oil Ct'.!. of Ma.111nl111. W.r.
A.I!. R>ttl._a!rne,I lo, ~'-<
COffllJ,Ul1. ·-·
1Spe1i:::ln( ri,dr;l'.rl!" :J! rnJ.Dilll:
the a:c:r~t.. T11n T3.n
A1d t.hl.. ICcl.onJJ:nt"S (;ttll"M
.men, marted • %1e11' era
1A Ille l!CO~.(unl;c b:l.AOf7 or
M.a.l&J":s.ia !n -.hlch oU
~uJd bt!CUllle: :1U1- :bn;,ot~
t.ant Mal:l)'"Si:ii..n prodi:i;ct
-.ndl!Xport.
"Ltt u:s hope Ui._t. UII..I:
~f.:Dlll!:nt. wUI U:116 to
til,U:d Ind bet.tn' lllhlp
to 1:otne-. And li:t lfl.ll boP"
lt.Oo U'J.1-l in "Lill! n;crl. lt"W
ye-.ar.s 'll'lfl t:Ln M"ld lllnotbeT
eeTl!rncn;,---.hen OIi
'be1ln.s "to tl<r'w.'" Tun "h:ti
:,;aid.
Full praise
Repbtnr. !h. s.alD'I--On
e:11:WUSC:d NS co-._pa.n(.s.
~rat.ttude to tll.c! M :a.i~,~
.&la.n GClll'e,rn.m_1!:r.i\ for "b!!-inc
-.m-onr tlll!" 11.-.rt to. Hrra.
ntcO -eooi:::c:!i::dDn:i. in
Wie:s.t, M"allilJ':sia. HicU.111
that ~ would llPPf'01il=h
U.:s wort "'WI.th dllleimc:I!
-a.n-d: 'Wlthi:iut dielll:,-.'"
Mc_ ru.tu, to: Cont.1-
~~~~~1. t:;;1~ ::
oper::i..tion ~:nd d~k~u-on
st,i,o-wn by iU -otnc:ill.h.
tbrnu:e:hout aJ I stac~ in
the: ., rn= 1:0Ui11t.lnl cl this
most O"Jtn:pl~:1 1t.E:.-t1=mient..
·
Th.ls W:il.S C □ ntinu,t;a.J
OLr.:s; li.r~t v~titll;rc Ln Ma-
• !m
poUUe;~t ell:cr.i~~ and i.taD!
llty -a-~ tnt ;cn"'"rmnemt
ln Ma..l:1,11111...·• 1ie Aid.
The .aJ~HaL~::.it ~,n~
\bis mwruac h. ror a -tOyea._
r pcrl.-0~ c.(:I be clilvhlt!d
ln'-0 .a.n !":11:pJ.(11"-Cl.t..1.tin pba..,I!
.cf l ll yur... • e;ii:1e11,:Jal:II!!! to
U, ,~us-, 11.nd a .dn~IQ-p,mil!
n! p,l'la.!ic or le ':Jl!"a.r.i..
~ Exa;il~utlo.n hu
btc.n c:r:11.n,!"ci; 1. i:::on~on
-Ol :lll.!)00 .sq1.1,a.rit tn.Uh
whllt ConU:n.i:r.r~I OU bu
~.000 ~U:Uol! mjl-!".!i. Th111;
•-u·1.:~et.1t.Sl1P'l,llillkd l,J'Ja.t
U :per it0r1( O{ fltt- •i-~11; :ii:•~
~Olkr;t lft~lJ.llt J.utn:m!•
itf-4:d 1(1, the Q,oi,1~mm,ent
att.er th it fl n:t DYii! yr:u.s.
11.l'Jd U1.t1thu 25 :pol!!r cent
:an.tr Ul I! .a~-on4 .fty,t:
:N'lllfl;,
Undi!f U"l I= &Cl"l!C □l 1!"11 t,
lhl" CQ:fflP,:lin.lit; u;nderb.'.kol!. :,:h~1\,~~:~~e ~~:t $1~~
1u:r~ ,ot t..h4!! l!";i:_p.li:in C.ion
phu1=,
ourh1-1 thit iti::pti;iraUon
:phu~ tht:y UI! r!!!QIJ.•rt-d t..o
l);l.y thll! oovictnrn-c i:n l'J.;ii; •
t4 J-! uL:, i:i" :rm-e.ou ot
i1Cl ~ -SCliU.IIHic QIIU!!!. d-,tfr, i::
\.h~ ~Ci;:Ot'Pj 1'1-..e-)"l!:H
pi!rlod ind JjO: .. A(l'Ual'"II!"
M.lh: ·., :,e:1.-r t1urtni U"1i::
:s.ll.Wl:Q.Ui=-llt rt-Y-e. .rnn.
.il'i.Otlld t.n.i=- L!i:1)1□ 1':il.Uott
l,lhlk: lit i=-x t.!-nd~d...
S!.ndh.r 11::i.-:t:i:I J!!!:u-lr
1)1.l'.lneCliU 1re :a,1,D["eq\11fr
cd dU:.-il".l;t Ui,,m; dev-c-!o_p~
m!!!-nl p!"tl~ ........ 1,t 1.h-e ra.l!!!
01 aso ,. .,q11.a.r 1; mile ro.th11:
run 11"~-year ~rlOO,
U.000 .1. KQUD1!! m111: for
the ~eotld liwc • :.i ea.r
:poe-rloci IIJJd u,ooc-'111. :5e1.u.He
:nl:!:.1 u,~ itllith i:>C Lhol! rub-
~1,,1 i::nt 7n,n.
Roy<ilties
A~ Un· u~ t1.n:Le. tnie:
i:::Dmp.n1es 11,111.1 P-&J' \M
OCNe:rD ~ent :rou.J.ttt-s Df
J ::t.:S per eens -ot ~ Ta.hJ;i:
0-.: l!b,e c::r!,Ulie -aJ.1·:p:{t}(JU(:i!:d.
run ta.a J1s.o .sic:ned .11.
:s~ciaJ .I.Cfttml!Dt: on Jn~
tom~ 1,11.i_ w1 lit Lhe two
eom,~11!;5, lbls morn1nl(..
".t;u;-a.Uon, In th!.$ -c:a.:t!. 1.!.
:pa.,ablt ;Je:i;l'Jl'tllni: t.o thl!
proTl..siMUi a-f thf: Petro,.ltum
~ :tc.COMt! 'tu:) Act.,.
l!lti.
The- tnc3mt uu: a.iri=e!:
tlei:i.i su;iwat.ei:I. un.t
ro,-;a.ttl~~ldln r~
1U :1n:r ct~d-e cll voulA;I ~
&Jlow~r;;l u a dlt"dt,11i::.,.~ :Ln
utiwlnc at the tb.u~1 bl~
1:nel)ffle rJ.t th,t com:p::m..l~.
n. -a.ha- allD'lll'l!::d! ::tU 41'.Lu,
n C:lblc e~n;,t!:11·· to l:it!
dN11Ji:td' lll w=wll'.ij,r
'1.dJusk:i::t in-t.(]tne. :sucl:t
expenses. a r~ tm::UIT!!!d tn
c1!:rUlln1 :itppl"U.!!ia.l" a.nd ln
thel!: dl!Ytlopmrnt, -Cf Wi!lls
- 'WMU'u::r pr001.u:tl"t m'"
po,t - d1.I cint lh'" nJ:W ot•
~ tl-□ l'\, d e'l'elOpmi!:rl'L and
:productlc.,.""l :p,i: riods,
•
IS
ANNEX MM 76
Letter of Promulgation from Commodore K. Thanabalasingham to
Naval Staff Division, Ministry of Defence, Kuala Lumpur, 16 July
1968
51.JL IT-C ot!F ID ENT IAL
Ref: KP/LAUT 1255
LETTER ·oF PROMULGATION
Naval .sta:ff Division,
Minist~y of Defence,
Jalan Padang Tembak,
Kuala Lumpur.
16th July, 1968.
l. The attached chartlets showing the outer limits of ~ialaysien
Territorial Waters and foreign claimed "Waters in West Ma.laysia are
promulgated for the information of Senior and Co1m1anding Officers.
2. As cA.n be seen, there are certain nreas in "Which.these limits
have never been properly deterndnDd or negotiated end those prorrrulgated
a.re basicnlly a determinntion with strict r~gard to the 1958 Geneva
Convention.
5. Strict . attention is to be paid to the Notes on· certain- chart lets
which are also reprcduccd aft~r the Index,
!.' -
RPFM/AB ·
Copy tq: KP/LAUT 1222
( K. THANABALASINGAM)
Commodore, R,M.N.,
Ketua Turus Tentera Laut.
SULIT-CONFIDENTIAL
IHDE:{ MID NOTES
A complete set of chartlets is comprised of the following
West Malaysia
Ch.art No
79"!>
5944
3945
3946
3947
583~
2405
5839
769
77(1
771
Butang Group to Pulau Berhala (part of)
· Pule.u Pinang t·o · Sembilan Islands
Sembilan. Islands to Port Sw-ettenh~
Port Swcttenham to Malacca
Malacca_ to Iju ~c~il
Singapore Strait - Western Portion
Singapore Strait
~orsburgh Light to Jason -Bay
5.mgei 3edili Besar to Kuala.Pahang
Kuala Pahang to Trengganu
Trengganu to Tumpat
Due to production difficulties, the amplifying notes on some of
the chartlets are not clear and are reproduced below:
Chart No;· 795 - Butang Group to Pulau Berhala
Note. The pecked lino round the north of Pulau Langkawi is the true
median line separating Thailand and Malaysia drawn in accordance vith
Article 12 (1) of the 1958 Geneva Convention. Under tho terms of
Article 12 (3) of this Convention this line should have been published
but no trace of this ever having been done can be found. Its
acceptance by Thailand is_ thus not cerhin -and· R-.M.N. vossels must act
vith discretion, ·
Chart 2405 - Singapore Strait ·
Note 1. The boundary between SingApore and Malaysia would seem to be
still based on a 1925 Treaty between the British and. Joh.ore Governments.
which specifies the centre of the deep water ch:mnel of the Joh.ore
Strait ().8 the diyiding line. As far llS can be ascertained, the exact
line has never been officially drawn and pUblished. As the treaty can
be interpreted more th~n one way south of Calder Harbour, the dividing
line in that area has been omitted on this ohartlet. The pocked line
south of the Johoro Sho~l Bnoy represents the outer limit of Singapore/
M~laysinn Territori~l Waters.
Note 2. The pecked line south of the Horsburgh Lirht represents the
outer liJnit of Mahysian Territorial Waters as authorised by the 1958
Geneva Convention Le. n tlu-ee mile circle arourrl South Ledge
nattened at the southern end- by the true median line between South
Ledge and the isolated rock close north of Tanjong Sading. R.M.N.
vessels are to comply with S.0.A.I. 107 in regard to this nrea •
. .... --·· ... - . ----
SULIT-CONFIDENTIJ\L
ANNEX MM 77
H.W. Dalton, "Petroleum Developments in Far East in 1968", (1969) 53
Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 1789,
atpp.1792,1793,1798
AMERICAN
ASSOCIA ION of
PETROLEUM
GEOLOGISTS
B u L L E T
VOLUME 53/8 . -~ . AVGUST 1969
I ... ;, N·
The Pn;sident's Page. Our Profession
Foreign Development Papers
KENNETH H. CRANDALL 1561
K. ANTHONY SNOW 1563
1968 Developments ia Foreign Fields
Mexico RICA.RD<> ACOSTA-ESTEVEZ 1564
· . South America,
Europe
North Africa
Central America; and Caribbean C. H. NEFF
ROBERT E; KING
GRANT HEATZIG AND ROLAND MICHEL
1578
1649
1700
Central and Southern Africa
Middle East
Far East c
Southwest Pacific
LARRY D. LllTLEFIELD 1728
JOHN F. MASON AND QUENTIN M. MOORE 1764
HOWARD W. DALTON 1789
ERIC A. RUDD AND HANS R. KATZ 1808
Association Round Table
· GCAGS and GCS-SEPM 19th Annual Mtt~g, Oct. 29-31, 1%9, Mi2nu Bc.ach, Florida
. Punning AAPG Gcologicrl Highway Map No. 4
· Depiction AJ!owancc
President's Award Revised
Membership Applications Approved for Publication
Check List of 1%9 Field Trips in United States, Ca112da, and Sclcctcd Foreign ArC2.S
Daniel F. Merriam
The Bulletin Board
· At Home and Abroad
CorYR1cuT, 1969, BY THE A'-'ERICAN AssocurtON·OF .PETROLEUM GEOLOCISTS, lNc.
1821
1823
1823
1824
1824
1825
1830
1831
Th, A,ntrl,:-•i, AUot-hlJo1' ,, r,trofAv•JI ~t:oi,,,,u U-:.,:1,!o.,
V. Sl. Nn. e (Autut, l?G?J. •·. 170-taCI,) Ftl-, 16 '.1~·H
P~troleum :'.)cvEilc,pmonls In for East in 19681
J\b1tracl :11 10~-a. oil p1od11c1:o,. /,on, non-Co111.,.unl1I
,,vnlriu ol lho ro, Eo.11 inc,.o,od I)¼ 10 Jl6 111lllio11
tlbl, 90;,,, .... ,,u rcroflf1rt:f In f\oorly oll co,,111ri1,. A
~'''" ,oa.pu1hon of OJ•>ol,,olc and goop~y,l<r,I octl•lly
:,>u:d .,01 be ,.,..:,Jo . ..,.;,>, 1ho p,e ... tou, yoar btc,1v,1 dare
•Ott Joc.~~nq. b"t 90,,e,ullr an i11cre<II• In 1vch cuploto•
ri,:, -aJ t'lo1cd. J.. !otol o' )0? ... olh, o•plc,rclory and
,!1wtioo"'·.:-"''· -01 Jdllcd I(,, oo ognr•;ore of J.IJI.SlS
:: .1~1!1:t", •c-cordorJ :, ••><~ ,d tao• Ji,co"'o'r ;,, 1ho Culf
r,1 P,.,,-;vu. !;..,,,,o.r h.·)loC gn, ;,. lho Jr.,.Q ~,:o, 011d Callo«
o:,.,-.;"'t"l',:s ) Jd ,:;.,.:,.-<,1,0 .. ;n ctullof Svmo,,o. S•veiol
.:1e-u, .,,t•c o:,1f'l"d to -:onctulon d"dng rile yoot. prl11d•
;•u~ 1 .' 1>,o C.,;J of n,uilond, tho Jo-.-a .Soo, o,,d fl\o Sovlh
(1 if"o Sc,. At yto• tfld ,e..,e,al cotnponl,, had lnllioted
t•,:-:o,o:o,, p10110,..,1 1h.,1.
1.,rnouuc110~ (Figs, 1-2, Tabios 1-3)
Fot the p:Jrpose of t;1is report, the Fnr Easr
is dcllned :is 1he arcn frum \Vc~t P:ikl,ran e:istwr,
rtl 10 the I ntern:itional Do.tc line, tut ex•
cl1.di11g A1.15:r:ili~ 11nd New Zenl:ind (F:i;, I).
:--;o dirc.:l <.:l>c11pnrison of uplorntory activity
octcr !bn wiltlc;,t Jdlln~ (T;1hle I) co·,.1ld- be
01:11!.: with 1'J67 b.:e,.use · d:it~ 1:irc lackillg for
! ~,,;~_ ,\ v:.ibbh:: inio:m:.1ti1J11 howovcr, shows
1!1111 s11rfa..:1: gcol-:>oic ·.vork :rn<l ,cismic surveys
~:rc-r;,;ly incn::i:<~d fro111 1h1: lc\'cl reported In
l~<i.,_ with lntlo11.:~i;1 or,d Papuu-Ncw Guinc3
rc:;:s1cring th: most .,igr:ilk:int increase in ac·
:i1•ity. S,x rn111p,anics cxc::u1cd contracts for explu;-:
111011 ri~ht-; in the Gulf of Th11i111ntj. E.lu\'cn
co:-:1p.111ic1, 1101 prcvio:rslr :1::Jlre in Indonesia,
:1;,1:,;t1."tl upa:r::til,:,s 1hcru in 1968, princ.:pally
eff;.:u,-.· i1: !h•; fova S;;i ar\\l th~ South China s~,1.
The :oL,! numhcr ~,f cxplor:11ory n11<l c.cvelnpr::
rn1 well~ Jrillcd i,, l'Jfie,, 309 wells, surpmt'.
LI th:,1 r..-por:c<l in 1967 b)' :ibout 15%;
fapJt1 W'.\S J!;lin cla::uly the lr.:ukr with 206
\VClls lut:lling 1,13 U.l5 It (Tnblc 2). Of p:>r•
t:cul:ar i11tt-rc~t w:::; J>hi11ir.·s' sa:con<l g:1s discov-
1:rr :n th.: bv:i S,!11. Shd drilh;d 17 wilclcat:1
ulTsh\irc l)rn11.:i :ind Suh:ih. b\lt the remits ,vcre
nn1 :·cpNt,t.l. C:11lcx announced ) oil di.s:ov,
ric~ PIil nf 5 wdJ-:a1s 1lri.l(;d in ccntn,1 Sumo•
tea.
In 1%0. 11il prod11;:1:nr. in 11011-Co/llmunist
rn\11:t rics or the f-':ir Enst was cs1im:11eJ IC· be
1 1'L.nu.-·11p1 rccci,•cj and ueccptcd, Mny I~. 1969.
',\11,,·, i,·.,n !tun 11:,,i.,n:,I Oil C\:in,rany.
HOWU0 W. DALTON'
Chi<o~o. llllMlt, ~06SC
316 million bbl, 1111 incrc·o,c vf approx.inrntcl:.-
15% Crom that ostimatcd for 1967, with ~ii
countries except Japan and P:ikisinn rcs:stcr:ng
gain~ (Table J). Protluc1ion from those ~
cvunlcics Wt\s only slight!)' le~$ 1h:rn th11t :c•
ported In 191>7. The mc·st dr:im:,1i1: i111:r~~sc
w:\S rccordcct in T:iiwan, who.:r, prnt!11•.:ti011 ri•:;::
69%, rc;11:hini; 415.000 l:hl f<..>r th.: Fa:.
Acx:-,;owi:..rt1cl!:1'1 r;NTJ
lnfornilltion on pctrolcJm t.le·:elopnicr.ls in
the Por Enst is srntcf111Iy acknowled5ed from
the following sourec.s.
BlUH&I·
M-'lAYSl4
lluu,"
Cllll<A•
TAIWAN
IHDl4
Continon111l Oil Cor:ipor,y, Now York
Sc,ci~tt NAt;Onnle du I'~trolc,
D'Aquhoine, Paris
Sun Oil Coinpnn)', Tulu
Harry Wn,1all nnrl A,Mlc., Ccr.t,'d
l{:,rry w,~snll n11d A1i,,c .. Gc:1cv,1
Chinese Pctrolcurn Corr,Nn1ion,
Tai~I
Hnrry Wasull an,1 A,rnc., Gcnc•·o
ll11rn1:1h 011 Trncling Limitccl. lomJnn
11:irry \Vus~ull :,n,1 A~~oc .. G~ncv,,
AOlr, Milan
An1oco fop:1n 011 Con1pi1ny, Tokyo
A~nmorn Oil Corp. l,hl., C-;ilgary,
CJOBda
Aclnntlc RlchuctJ Comp:iny, }~ew
Yo•k
Csltcx Pctrolcu1n CurporDtic>n, Ne·..,
Yo,k
Cltlea s~rvic-~ 0;1 Cumpa .. y, 011tkS•
vUla,, Oklu.
Conlincmd Oil Compuriy, New Yori:
Gut{ 011 Coinpuny. Plmburgh
)dcrnitsu Ko~.111 Co .. Lrrl., Tokyo
Phillips rttrolcuni Company, Oo11lcsvillt,
Oldu.
Union- Oil C(1nip:,ny o( C.,r.f.,rr.i:i.
l.01 Angele•
ll3rry \Vatsall n.'<1 A~sc>c., Gct1c,a
Amo,o Jnp~n ()] Cumpuny, ·r : .-o
Gcol,>~lc:11 Sup•c:, (,f hpan. '""' .,,,,1:1
Idemitsu K,,~nn C,,., Ltrl .. T.:ikva
.1-p:111 Gu nn,1 Lhc,ni..::il Inc., ·101;.yo
Uurouu u! Min~s. MtTI, T,11:yo
Nnturnl Gus Auoc., Tnt.:yo
Nlpr,<>n Mining C:,,mpwy, Toi<yo
Nish.i-Njt,.,,, Sclcl•,u lt~itaaisu Co.
(Mi1111l>i,hi-Sh;ll grour), Tokyo
Oror~1lc,n1 lka1quuneu l'otrokucn
Dt"ol<tpn,,nr Curp .. To~yo
1719
1792 Howard W. Dalton
Table 1. Geologic and Geophysical Party-Months
in Far East, 1968
UNSPECIFIED
SIJREACE SEISMIC GRAVITY GEOPHYSICAL
CO\JNTRY GEOLOGY WORK METER MAGNETOMETER WORK
BrW\ci - Malaysia 12• 2 14 ♦
China, Tai'-'an 26 28 12 66
.Indonesia+ 6l.2 S.4 70.6 ♦
Japan 46.0 34.7 5.4 10.l 1.2
PaJc:istan l crews 4 crews 4 crews l crew 12 crews
Papua - NC'lol Guinea+ 18 3
Portuguese Timor s
Thailand 2 9
GRAND TOTAL 93 152. 9
• Estimated.
+ 0.,.ta Incomplete ..
Teikoku Oil Company, Tokyo
Harry Wassail and Assoc., Geneva
PAKISTAN Amoco Pakistan Oil Company, Karachi
Burmap Oil Trading Limited, London
Dr. Bilal R. Husain, University of
Karachi, Karachi
Harry Wassail and Assoc., Geneva
PAPUA- Continental Oil Co. of Australia Ltd.,
NEW GU1NEA Sydney
General Exploration Co. of California,
Los Angeles
Marathon International Oil Co., Findlay,
Ohio .
Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville,
OL:la.
Societe Nationale des Petroles
d'Aquitaine, Paris
Uwon Oil Company of Califorwa,
Los Angeles
Harry Wassail and Assoc., Geneva
PHILIPPINES. Harry Wassail and Assoc., Geneva
PoB.TUGUESE Timor Oil limited, Sydney
TIM011. Harry Wassail and Assoc., Geneva
THAn.ANo American International Oil Company,
Chicago ·
The British Petroleum Company Ltd.,
London
Contineotal Oil Company, New York
Gulf Oil Corporation, Pittsburgh
Uoion Oil Company of California,
Los Angeles
Harry Wassail aod Assoc., Geoeva
BRUNEI-MALAYSIA
Production of oil and natural gasoline continued
to increase to about 132,000 b/ d in
1968 compared with 106,416 b/d in 1967. In
Brunei, the output ot the Seria field was 55,000
b/ d and production from the southwest Ampa
? ? ?
ll+
22.8 12.l 4.2 285.0 ♦
field .offshore reached 70,000 b/ d. In Sarawak:
production from the Miri field, 800 b/ d, con~
tinued to decline. Two new fields, W. Lutoni(j
offshore and Baram, were reported to .have"i
been put on stream during the year. : :1
?1e Royal Dutch Shell group reportedly'.
drilled 17 exploratory wells offshore during th~:
year; the results of which were riot reported.:
Party-months of geophysical work were no(
available, but l land and 2 marine seismic par-';
ties were in operation during 1968. Brunei
Shell Petroleum Co. was granted additional
acreage around the Seria field and the offshore'_
concession was extended to the 100-fm isobathi
Esso Exploration conducted approximately_{
party-months of marine seismic work during th(
year. In April 1968 the company was awarded,.:
rights to. 25,984 mi% off the eastern coast of'
Malaya. ·
Sunray DX conducted no exploratory ~ork
during the year; however, a 10,000-ft wildcat
was planned for 1969. · · · · ·.·
In April 1968 Continental Oil Co. obtained
exploration rights to 24,000 mi2 off the. east
coast of West Malaysia. A marine seismic pro-.
gram, sparker and vibroseis, of more than 1,000
line-mi was completed by year end. No expl<_>ra·::
tory drilling was done. ·:
Aquitane Petroleum Co. carried out 5 weeks
of detailed marine seismic work off the nort~·:
east coast of Sabah.
Sabah Teiseki Oil Co. conducted a 2-month,
airborne magnetometer survey during the year.
In May the company acquired rights to 7,171
rui 2, bringing their total holding to 7,372 mi~-
Iu November 1968 Ashland Oil Co. acqutred
Petroleum Developments in Far East 1793
Table 2. Well Completions in Far East, 1968
Country Total Oil Gas Dry Total Footage
Brunei-Malaysia
Explor. 17 NA NA NA NA
a,ili.,.-Taiwan
Explor. 10 4 6 126,358
Dcvd. 7 7 78,832
[ndoocsia
Explor. 19 4 14 44,374
Devel 34• 28 6 103,884•
Japan
Explor. 71 5 22 « 497,447
Dcvd. 135 16 109 10 601,282
Pakistan
Explor. 5 l I 59,986
Dcvd. 2 2 8,074
Papua
Explor. 9 2 7 71,235•
Tolal
Explor. Ill 12 30 72 799,398
Dcvd. 178* « 118 16 792,071
Grand Total 309• 56 148 88 1,591,469*
. NA =Not Available.
• =Data Incomplete.
Table 3. Oil Production in Far East, 1967 and 1968
Total Bbl
Country
1968 1967
: Brunei-Mala y,ia • 48,312,000 38,842,000
Burma 7,173,600 4,270,000
Oiina-T aiw:an 415,044 245,000
India 47,580,000 45,625,000
lndon~a• 203,575, 330# 181,451,000
Japan 5,466",015 5,511,000
Pakistan 3,228,637 3,285,000
~!1'>iland• 292,800 14,000
Grand Total 316,043,426 279,243,000
• Estimated.
~ Data Incomplete.
I Oat.a for 1967 and 1963. Prior data not available.
exploration rights to 1,139 mi2 onshore and territorial
water offshore.
} Oceanic Exploration and Development Co.,
, a U.S. independent, obtained exploration rights
, lo 502 mi2 offshore in northwest Sabab.
:BURMA
. During 1968 the People's Oil Industry, a
;,~urmese government agency, reportedly discov/
red a new field, Shwepyitha, where 8 wells
)Were drilled during the year; 5 of the wells pro:
duced at a total rate of 1,500 b/d. Further in.,
formation was not available. Other exploratory
Daily Act:rag,: Bbl Cum. Bbl
1968 1967 11/31/38
132,000 106,416 865,523,000
19,600 11,700 346,718,600
1,134 612 2,651,044.
130,000 125,000 93. 205 .ooo~t
556,216 .. 497,400 3,683,644,330'*
14,936 15,230 214,345,015
8,821 · 9,000 59,937 ,63.7
800 40 580,800
863,507 765,458 5,266,605,426
drilling was done with 2-3 rigs in the central
Irrawaddy basin and the Prome area. Development
drilling also continued during the year
with 4-5 rigs in the Yenanguang and Yenangyat
areas in the central Irrawaddy basin and 2
rigs in the Prome area on the south in the
Taunggyigwe and Maynaung fields. Other exploratory
activity was not reported.
Oil production in 1968 was reported to be
19,600 bid, an increase of more than 50%
from that estimated for 1967. Natural gas pro·
duction for the year was estimated to be 8,000
MMcf/d.
1798
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Howard W .. Doiron
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••i":
ANNEX MM 78
Press Statement by the Indonesian and Malaysian Delegations to
the Talks on the Delimitation of the Continental Shelves Between
Malaysia and the Republic of Indonesia, Kuala Lumpur, 22
September 1969
PRESS STATEMENT BY ·THE INDONESIAN AND MALAr°SIAN
DELEGATIONS TO TH~ TALKS ON THE DELIMITArioN O~
THE CONTINENTAL SHELVES BETWEEN -H.A.LAYSL\ .ilND
THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA·
The negotiation to delimit the ·continental Shelves
between Malaysia and· Indonesia began in Kuala Lumpur on 9th
September 1 1969. The Ind.on·esian delegation was led by Professor
Dr: ffochtar Kusumaatmadja.of Depa:rtmen Pertambangan (Ministry of
Mini_ng) and the Malaysian de_legation was led by Dato Mohamed Sallah
bin Abas the Solicitor-General.
The negotiation was carried out in ·a friendly and .cordial
manner. Both sides fully recogni.sed_the need to delimit the
Continental Shelves between the two c?untries as earJ.y as po.ssible,
Both de_legations were guided, in the cou1:se of the
negotiation by the need to seek an. equitable, fair and.reasonable
.basis for a~reement.
The two delegations after two wee~s1 deliberatio~s and
in the spirit of co-operation which prevails between their two
countries have· re~ched agreement on the delimitat_ion of the
· qontinental shelf boundaries between th·e two countries in the
· St~~its of Malacca~ off the Ea.at Coast of. West Malaysia and off
the: Coast of Sal:'awak. The·· Agre_ement on this del:i,mitation has been
' initialled to-day for the approval of th·e res~~ve Ge111er1;1ments.
Both delegations also recognised the ne~d- :for· thei-r
_Governments to ~iscu.as ·related proble:ms of t·erritorial sea
boundaties and the ~se of the seas betw~en lheir two c6untries~
Kuala Lumpur.
22nd September, 1969,
ANNEX MM 79
Singapore Facts and Pictures, 1972, Singapore, Ministry of
Culture, 1972, pp. 1-3, 148-150
AIi mo11ey is stated Ill Singapore doll a rs. One
dollar is worth USS0.33 and Sterling H.7 p.
appruximate]y.
Figures in bl"acl:cls arc for the whole of 1970.
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0
COUNTRY AND PEOPLE
The Country
Singapore consists of the Island of Singapore and some 54
small islands• within its territorial waters. -It is situated between
1 ° 09' N and I O 29' N latitude and I03° 38' E and 104 ° 06' E
longitude, approximately 85 miles or 136.8 kilometres north of
the Equator.
The Island is about 26 miles or 41.8 kilometres in length, 14
miles or 22.5 kilometres in breadth and 225.6 square milest or
584.3 square kilometres in area, including the small islands, and
has an 83-mile or 133.6-kilometre coastline.
Singapore; linked to West Malaysia by a 3.465-foot or 1,056-
metre causeway, is flanked by Malaysia to the north, the Philippines
to the northeast and Indonesia to the south.
" 7:~}\\ :;?;:::,:; .r~t::tI{
·:./·:..~_~;_·~:~ -._,~:;: .. ~
C • ~• ~ •
Jili'';ri ,.,J /4-¥t:t~.fii!M,m~-::;.. . .,,,,,.; tilll!Mf',.;:)!ll:;'llr f'iH ... r•~~
r,w:;,•.'.~c/ -~-r~.".,~~•• ·:;-;-~\;•,~;;• :-:t. ,: ; , l!UaHII. 7t~ l, _..~\~ji~l;) ••
..,,,;~,;-~);.·.~•'-::;,, ;f~~~: I 1] ,· ,,f ';,.: \· :~.,.! -~•Jp, '.{·~ J;_:)~~,l ,7-.:•-"•·:·
• •
1
.A- ..... ~:: -Iii ' ,~-, •
1 > 1 • J _ 1 , l:.;;; .... 1 •
1
, j f • ~ • r ~~]!!{~~1tii1(f ~{illitli!fl l~i
Picturesque houses on stilts on some· of the larger islets
~·-,.._
• Appendi;t I.
The City of Singapore, area approximately 37 .6 square miles or
97.4 square kilometres, is situated at the southern part of the
Island, at latitude 1 ° 18' N and longitude 103a 50' E.
About two dozen of the small islands within the territorial
waters are sizeable and inhabited. Toe major ones are Pul_au
Tekong Besar, 6:92 square miles or 17.92 square kilometres; Pulau
Ubin, 3.92 square miles or 10.14 square kilometres; Sentosa,
formerly Pulau Blakang Mati, 712 acres or 288.15 hectares; and
Pulau Bukom Besar, 265 _ acres or 107 .65 hectares.
Physical Features
The Island can be rlivided into three distinct regions: the central
hilly ·region with massive deposits of granite in Bukit Timah, 581
feet or 177.1 metres; Bukit Gombak, 437 feet or 133.2 metres;
Bukit ·Panjang, 434 feet or 132,3 metres; and Bukit Mandai, 422
feet or 128.7 metres; the southwest region of shale and sandstone
forming a successiofl of £carps and vales and the eastern region
of poorly consolidated sand and gravel, extending from Katong
to- the Bedok and Changi areas.
Much of the primary jungle and swamps of the Pandan, Kranji
and Seletar-Tampines areas bas: now been cleared and re~
claimed for industrial and residential purposes. A central plateau
of about 12¾ square miles or 33.0 square kilometres is marked off
as a catchment area and a nature reserve: ·
Sungei Seletar, the longest river system, is about nine miles or
14.5 .kilometres- Jong from its. source through .Seletar Reservoir to
the sea;
Climate
The climate is essentially equatorial with unifonnly high average
daily temperature and relative humidity. Generally, the climate
is equable and pleasant because of the modifying effects of the
seas. The average daytime maximum temperature is 87°F or
30.6"C and it drops to an average minimum of 75"F or 24"C at
night. ·The highest temperature recorded in the last ten years was
93.8 •p or 34.3 ·c and the lowest 68.1 •p or 20.1 ·c.
t Island of Singapore 2(19.5 square miles or 542.6 square kilometres, small
islands, 15 square miles o~ 38 .9 square kilometres; and reclaimed land, 1.1
square miles or 2.9 square kilometres. ·
2
The relative humidity is ,highest at night when 95 per cent
relative humidity is frequently exceeded in the early hours of the
morning .,;hortly before ·s,unrise. On dry a(ternoons, the relative
humidity is usually around 65 per cent.
There is no distinct wet or dry sea.on as rain falls all the year
round, but during the fir.~t half of the northeast monsoon, from
November to January, rainfall tends to be heaviest. The mean
annual rainfall is 96 inches or 2,438 millimetres. The highest
rainfall recorded in the last ten years was 115 inches or 2,921
millimetres and the lowest 62 inches or 1,575 mi I l imet res.
The highest rainfall ever recorded at the Meteorological Station
was on December 9, 1969 with 16.99 inche.~ or 431 millimetres or
about 19 per cent of the total rain fa II for the year.
The previous highest rainfall occurred in 1954, also on December
9.
July is usually the sunniest month with a daily average of 6.32
hours of sun.shine and December, often the rainiest month, has a
daily average o[ 4.56 hours of sunshine.
Flora and Fauna
Seome 6,911 acres or 2,797 hectares of the Island's, original
vegetation are preserved as Nature Reserves, where destruction
or removal of any plant or animal is strictly prohibited. Only a
very small proportion ot' areas thus protected carries primary
vegetation.
The Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, which occupies 163 acres or
66 hectares on the highest hill on the Island, is the only place in
Singapore where many indigenous species still flourish.
The Water Catchment Area consisting of some 6, 7 I 4 acres of
2,717 hectares at the centre of the Island has been totally protected
since 1951. It is for the larger part accessible to the
public. The vegetation is mainly secondary and in various stages
of regeneration.
On the north coast of the Islaod i5 the Kranji Nature Reserve
which contains the fast remaining area o( protected_ mangrove.
Its area of J5 acres or 14 hectares is principally covered with
~.econdary and regenerating mangrove forest where plants typical
of the transition [rom mangrove to dry .land flora arc found.·
Generally, the natural vegetation is that of the tropical ever•
green. The indigeuou,- higher plant,- of Singapore number over
2,000 species.
3
I ISLANDS WITHIN
TERRITORIAL WATERS
The Southern Islands comprising 40 islands are under the
administration of a District Officer (Islands). The Northern and
other islands are under the administration of the Commissioner
of Lands.
The reclamation work in Pulau Bukom Besar and Pulau
Bukom Kechil is in progress and when completed would increase
the area of the two islands by 98.75 acres or 399,627.43 square
metres and 49.85 acres or 201,737.97 square metres respectively.
--
The outlying islands of Singapore are well.known for their
scenic beauty ·
148
Area in. Area in
Name of Island
Acres square
metres
Pula.u Brani 123 497,763.34
Sentosa 712 2,881,361.17
Pulau Selegu (Sarong Island) 2 8,093.71
Pulau Hantu 8½ 34,398.28
Pulau Sekijahg Pelepah 65 263,045.67
Pulau Sekijang Bendera (St. John's
Island) 83 . 335,889.08
Pulau Kusu (Peak Island) 3 12,140.57
Pulau Tekukor 9 36,421.71
Pulau Buk.om Besar 265 1,072,416.95
Pulau Bukom Kechil 74 299,467.38
Pulau Ular 1 4,046.86
Pulau Busing 10¼ 43,503.71
Pulau Hantu Besar 5 20,234.28
Pulau Hantu Kechi! 1 4,046.86
Pulau Semaka:u 175 708,199.87
Pulau Sekeng 18 72,843.42
Pulau Jong 1½ 6,070.28
Pulau Sebarok 24 97,124.55
Pulau Sudong 25 101,171.41
Pulau Pawai 170 687,965.59
Pulau Biola 1 4,046.86
Pulau Satumu 1 4,046.86
Pulau Salu tt 6,070.28
Pulau Derkas negligible -
Pulau Senang 202 817,465.00
Pulau Seraya 127 513,950.77
Pulau Seburus Dalam 13 52,609.13
Pulau Seburus Ltiar 17 68,796.56
149
Name of Island
Pulau Mcscmut Laut
Pulau Mcscmut Darat
Pulau Ayer Mcrlimau
Pulau Pesek
Pulau Meskol
Pulau Buaya
Pulau Ayer Merbau
Pulau Ayer Chawan
Pulau Sakra
Pulau Bakau
Pulau Semulon
Pulau Damar Laut
Sisters' Isla_nds (2)
Northern and Other Islands
Pulau Tekong Kechi!
Pulau Tekong Bcsar
Pulau Pergam
Pulau Merawang
Pulau Seletar
Pulau Serangoon
Pulau Ketam
Pulau Sanyongkong
Pulau Sajabat
Pulau Ubin
Reef Islands
Sajahat Kcchil
Sckudu
Unum (formerly
Umin)
150
Bajau (formerly
Bajan)
Malang Panpan
Batu Belalai
l ...
Area in Arta in
Acres square
metres
4 16,187.43
12 48,562.28
310 1,254,525.49
121 489,669.63
15 60,702.85
5 20,234.28
246 995,526.68
404 1,634,929.99
82 331,842.23
25 101,171.41
42 169,967.97
39 157,827.40
4 16,187.43
2 8,093.71
220 890,308.41
4,429 17,923,527.10
6 24,281.14
4 16,187.43
67 271,139.37
28 113,Jt'I.98
83 451,294.17
5 20,234.28
3 . 12,140.57
2,506 I 0,141,422.11
Malang Siajar
(fonnerly Melang
Siajao)
I
ANNEX MM 80
Note, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore to Office of the High
Commissioner for Malaysia, 14 February 1980
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs presents its
compliments to the Office of the High Commissioner for
Malaysia and has the honour to refer to the conversation
on 21 December 1979 at tiisma Putra, Kuala Lumpur, between
the Singapore High Commissioner to Malaysia and the
Malaysian Deputy Secretary-General at which the Government
of the.Republic of Singapore uas inforr:led of the new
territorial waters and continental shelf map (1-PPNM
SYIT Sheets 1 and 2 dated 21 December 1979) published by
the Director of National Mapping, Malaysia.
The Government of the Republic of Singapore is
gravely concerned at what is set out in the said.~1'.ll_ap.
This map purports to claim the island-of Pedra Branca
as belonging to Malaysia. 'i'he Government of the Republic
of Singapore rejects this claim. There is no premise in
international law on which to found such a claim. The
Government of the Republic of Singapore has since the
1840s, by virtue of both its acts and those of its
predecessor governments, occupied and exercised
sovereignty over Pedra Branca and the waters around it.
Since that time, no other country has exercised· or claimed
jurisdiction or contested Singapore's sovereignty over
Pedra Branca. The Government of the RepublJ.c of Singapore
therefore requests that the said :map be suitabl;t amendedto
reflect the sovereignty of Singapore over Pedra Branca.
The Government of the Republic of Singapore also
notes Yith e~-ually grave concern the unilateral manner
in which the territorial waters and continental shelf
boundary lines oi Malaysia were drawn in respect of the
areas -at the ea.stern and western approaches to Singapore.
'rhe demarcation of ttie boundary lines at the weatorn
11111 41 •• 2
Page 2
approach to Singapore intrudes into the port 11m.1ts
of Singapore. This again clearly violates the sovereignty
of Singapore. The two said areas outa1.de the port limits
of Singapore have heretofore remained undefined, covering
as they do areas where the three jurisdictions of ~-~gapora,
Malaysia and Indonc.sia converge. Accordingly, any
demarcation of these areas can only be drawn in accordance
with international law and practice, viz, consultations
among the three governments of Indonesia, Malaysia and
Singapore. As no such consultations have taken place, it
_is all the more surprising that such demarcation should
have been drawn in the said map. The Government of the
Republic of Singapore would there.fore lika to state
categorically that the boundary lines as indicated in the
said map in respect of these two areas are unacceptable
to· it, and would request that the map be suitably rectified
to reflect the correct position vis-a-vis theN water■ •
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs avails itself
of this opportunity to renew to the Office of the ltigh
Commissioner for Malaysia the assurances of its highest
consideration.-
Sing~re
14 February 1980
Office of the High COlllmissioner for Malaysia
Singapore
ANNEX MM 81
Note, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Singapore to Malaysian High
Commission, 28 February 1989
MFA/Dl/179/89
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Singapore presents its compliments to the Malaysian High
Commission and has the honour to refer to the 1984 Reprint
of the Malaysian map on territorial waters and continental
shelf (1-PPNM SYIT (Sheet} 1 and 2), which has only recently
come to the notice of the Government of the Republic of
Singapore.
The Ministry also refers to its Note MFA 30/80 dated
14 February 1980 wherein the Government of the Republic of
Singapore had, inter alia, requested that the Malaysian map
on territorial waters and continental shelf Cl-PPNM SYIT
(Sheet) 1 and 2 dated 21 December 1979) be amended to
reflect the sovereignty of Singapore over Pedra Branca as
the Government of the Republic of Singapore has since the
1840s, by virtue of both its acts and those of its
predecessor governments, occupied and exercised sovereignty
over Pedra Branca and the waters around it. The Government
of the Republic of Singapore notes that the rectification
requested in the Ministry's Note MFA 30/80 dated 14 February
1980 in relation to Pedra Branca has not been made in the
1984 Reprint of the Malaysian map on territorial waters and
continental shelf. The Government of the Republic of
Singapore reiterates its position that Pedra Branca is part
of the territory of Singapore and requests that the 1984
Reprint of the Malaysian map on territorial waters and
continental shelf be duly amended to reflect Singapore's
sovereignty over Pedra Branca.
The Government of the Republic of Singapore further
notes that, notwithstanding its Note MFA 30/80 dated
14 February 1980, the 1984 Reprint of the Malaysian map on
territorial waters and continental shelf still contains the
unilaterally drawn territorial waters and continental shelf
boundary lines in the areas at the eastern and western
approaches to Singapore. In particular, the demarcation of
the boundary lines at the western approach to Singapore
intrudes into the port limits of Singapore. For the
reasqns indicated in its Note MFA 30/80 dated 14 February
1980, the Government of the Republic of Singapore requests
that the 1984 Reprint of the Malaysian map on territorial
waters and continental shelf be suitably rectified to
reflect the correct position vis-a-vis these waters.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Singapore avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the
Malaysian High Commission the assurances of its highest
consideration.
SINGAPORE
28 February 1989
Malaysian High Commission
Singapore
2
ANNEX MM 82
List of Diplomatic Notes from Singapore on Pulau Batu Puteh
February 1980 - January 2004
LIST OF DIPLOMATIC NOTES FROM SINGAPORE ON PULAU BATU
PUTEH FROM 14 FEBRUARY 1980
Note: This list is limited to diplomatic correspondences (Protest Notes, etc.) dealing with
the substance of the dispute.
l. MFA 30/80 dated 14 February 1980
2. MFA 146/80 dated 13 June 1980
3: MFA 365/81 dated 24 August 1981
4. l\1FA 439/81 dated 12 October 1981
5. MFA/DI/179/89 dated 28 February 1989
6. SHC 98/89 dated 16 June 1989
7. SHC 99/89 dated 16 June 1989
8. SHC 103/89 dated 22 June 1989
9. SHC 109/89 dated 1 July 1989
10. SHC 139/89 dated 11 September 1989
11. SHC 140/89 dated 11 September 1989
12. SHC 141/89 dated 11 September 1989
13. MF A 734/89 dated 11 September 1989
14. SHC 97/91 dated 28 August 1991
15. SHC 134/91 dated 15 November 1991
16. SHC 135/91 dated 15 November 1991
17. MFA/DI/858/91 dated 15 November 1991
18. MFAIDI/859/91 dated 15 November 1991
19. MFA/DI/254/92 dated 10 April 1992
20. MF A/DI/281/92 dated 22 April 1992
1
21. SHC 35/92 dated 23 April 1992
22. SHC 41/92 dated 15 May 1992
23. SHC 43/92 dated 25 May 1992
24. MFAIDV396/92 dated 1 June 1992
25. MFA/DV397/92 dated 1 June 1992
26. SHC 46/92 dated 1 June 1992
27. SHC 47/92 dated 1 June 1992
28. MFA/DV422/92 dated 8 June 1992
29. MFA/Dl/424/92 dated 8 June 1992
30. MFA/Dl/475/92 dated 22 June 1992
31. MFA/Dl/472/92 dated 22 June 1992
32. MFA/Dl/473/92 dated 22 June 1992
33. MFA/Dl/474/92 dated 22 June 1992
34. MFA/Dl/490/92 dated 26 June 1992
35. MFA!Dl/565/92 dated 21 July 1992
36. MFA/Dl/688/92 dated 28 August 1992
37. MFA/Dl/696/92 dated 7 September 1992
38. MFA/Dl/0078/93 dated 30 January 1993
39. MFA/DI/0079/93 dated 30 January 1993
40. MFA/Dl/0080/93 dated 30 January 1993
41. MFA/DI/0083/93 dated 30 January 1993
42. MFA/DV0675/93 dated 30 July 1993
43. MFA/Dl/0676/93 dated 30 July 1993
2
44. MFNDI/0677/93 dated 30 July 1993
45. MFNDI/0678/93 dated 30 July 1993
46. MFA/1038/93 dated 8 November 1993
47. MFA/1039/93 dated 8 November 1993
48. MFA/1094/93 dated 1 December 1993
49. MFA S072-711/23/02, MFA/1104/93 dated 14 December 1993
50. MFA 136/94 dated 22 February 1994
51. MFA 137/94 dated 22 February 1994
52. MFA/DI/554/94 dated 14 September 1994
53. MFA/815/94 dated 3 January 1995
54. MFA/057/95 dated 20 January 1995
55. MFN200/95 dated 2 March 1995
56. MFA/223/95 dated 10 March 1995
57, MFA/661/95 dated 19 June 1995
58. MFA/797/95 dated 31 July 1995
59. MFA/1085/96 dated 12 November 1996
60. MF A/1123/96 dated 19 November 1996
61. MFA/885/97 dated 23 June 1997
62. MFA 976/98 dated 31 August 1998
63. MFA 44/99 dated 2 June 1999
64. MFA/PDI/00052/2001 dated 19 December 2001
65. MFA/PDl/00011/2002 dated 20 February 2002
66. MFA/PDl/00018/2002 dated 24 April 2002
3
67. MFAIPDl/00024/2002 dated 17 May 2002
68. MFA/PDl/00027/2002 dated 30 May 2002
69. MFA/PDI/00038/02 dated 11 July 2002
70. MF A/PDl/00039/2002 dated 11 July 2002
71. MF A/PD 1/00054/2002 dated 28 August 2002
72. MFAIPDl/00072/2002 dated 14 November 2002
73. MFAIPDl/00074/2002 dated 14 November 2002
74. MFA/PDl/0005/2003 dated 22 January 2003
75. MFA/PDl/0006/2003 dated 22 January 2003
76. MFA/PDl/0007/2003 dated 22 January 2003
77. MFAIPDl/0008/2003 dated 22 January 2003
78. MFA/PDl/00009/2003 dated 17 February 2003
79. MF A/PD 1/00010/2003 dated 17 February 2003
80. MF A/PD 1/0001112003 dated 1 7 February 2003
81. MF A/PD 1/00019/2003 dated 2 April 2003
82. MFAIPDl/00020/2003 dated 2 April 2003
83. MFA/PDl/00050/2003 8 July 2003
84. MF A/PD 1/00051/2003 8 July 2003
85. MFA/PDl/00052/2003 8 July2003
86. MFA/PDI/00053/2003 8 July 2003
87. MFA/PDl/00063/2003 dated 8 August 2003
88. MFA/PDl/00085/2003 dated 13 November2003
4
89. MFA/PDl/00086/2003 dated 13 November 2003
90. MFAIPDl/00091/2003 dated 12 December 2003
91. MFA/PDI/00001/2004 dated 8 January 2004
92. MFA/PDl/00002/2004 dated 14 January 2004
5
ANNEX MM 83
Singapore Facts and Pictures, 1992, Singapore, Ministry of
Information and the Arts, 1992, pp. 1, 178
SINGAPORE
FACTS AND PJCTURES~ai=f2'.~~iS:L #I
Published by the
Ministry of Information and the Arts
e:.
~-
!
MAP OF SINGAPORE
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1;:
LAND AND PEOPLE
THE COUNTRY
Singapore consists ~f the island of ~lngapore and some 58 islets within its_te~ritorial_ waters.
It is situated approximately 136.8 kilometres north of the Equator. The main island Is about
42 kilometres in length and 23 kilometres in breadth. and 580.6 square kilometres in area. It
has a coastline of approximately 150.5 kilometres. The total land area, including the islets, is
639.1 square kilometres.
Singapore's immediate neighbours are Malaysia {Peninsular Malaysia, to the north,
Sabah and Sarawak to the east) and Indonesia to the south. Singapore is linked with
Peninsular Malaysia by a 1,056-metre long causeway, which carries a road, a railway and a
water pipeline across the Strait of Johar. At Putri Narrows, near the north-west comer of the
island, the strait is 640 metres wide; near the causeway, it is about 914 metres wide.
· Some of the islets are of economic importance. The major ones are Pulau Tekong Besar
(2,388.8 hectares); Pulau Ubin (1,019.2 hectares); Sentosa (329.6 hectares); Pulau Bukum
Besar (144.8 hectares); Pu/au Merlimau (55 hectares); and Pulau Ayer Chawan (169.2
hectares). Pulau Seburus Dalam and Luar were merged by reclamation with Pu/au Seraya,
which has a total land area of 193.4 hectares.
A new causeway, when completed, will link the two closest southern islets, Sentosa and
Pulau Brani with Singapore.
PHYSICAL FEATURES
The island can be roughly divided into three regions: the central hilly region of igneous rock
formation in Buklt Timah, BukJt Gombak, Bukit Panjang and Bukit Mandai; the western
region of sedimentary rocks, which form a succession of northwest-trending hills and valleys;
and the relatively flat eastern region of sand and gravel deposits which extends from Katong
to Changi.
LAND USE
_.:,;(· .... -
Total land ar~a (main is!~p~- ahq-otf;tlore islets)-·:. ,, · ·:· ·:;i3;;:~,·,::/_../',~:
-:- . . ·,
Built~up are'as (including new_ industrial sites) :/,,( .·.)3-~2.4 t)_~/ ·
:Farm holdin'g·'ar·e,as {of licensed farms, excluding lari',f otc~pietFby' ,I :/, ·{ (:'j<:;;;
. pure r1:1bper and cocon.~t 'plantations) i .. -, · .:- ;-.: __ ,_-· .:_sJ{·'<:'- ·. ::-:
Forest :.. · .,\2's~s\Y:'\ ,
Marsh and tidal waste
Others (inland waters, operi, spaces; public gardens, cemeteries;
non-built-up areas in military est~lishments, quarries, rubber and
coconut plantations~ ·an·d unused land) · · · · ·
' . •, ._. " -·' ~ :-· .~-' '
- .,.:
'-·275)
1
OFFSHORE ISLANDS
Buran Darat
Kusu (Peak Island)
:;i .; ;;;, f.e. d, _ ra a ranca -.HI._!". L\;;:.~t_.:.: ;....Z.:, .•. I., c.,:j,_u." - ·• _;
Pulau Ayer Chawan
Pulau Ayer Merbau
Pulau Berkas
Pulau Biota
Pulau Brani
Pulau Buaya
Pulau Bukum Besar
Pulau Bukum Kechi!
Pulau Buloh
Pulau Busing
Pulau Damar Laut -
Pulau D~ien
Pulau Hantu
Pulau Jong
Pulau Keppel
Pulau Ketam
Pulau Malang Siajar ·
Pulau Mesemut Dara
Pulau Mesemut Laut
Pulau Merlimau
Pulau ·Meskol
Pulau Pawai
Pulau Pergam
Pulai.J Pesek ·
Pulau Renggis
Pulau Renggit
Pulau Sajahat
Pulau Sajahat KechJI
Pulau Sakeng
Pulau Sakijang Bendera
(St John's Island)
16.5
7.8
0.8
169.2
131.3
3.0
0.4
85.6
3.1
144.8
- · 56.4 ·.
-_9.3
59.4
'24.1
0.2.
12.6
.. ,
0.6
4.0
30.7
0.4
5.1
19.4
55.0
8.7
·-18.2 -
.2:4
67.1
1.4
12.5 -
(1
0.6
7.6
40.5
Pulau Sakijang Pelepah
(Lazarus Island)
Pulau Sakra - 48.0 ha
Pulau Bakau - 21.7 ha
Reclaimed land -100.3 ha
Pulau Salu
Pulau Samulum
Pulau Sanyongkong (Merged
with Pulau Tekong Besar by
reclamation)
Pu!au Sarirribun
Pulau Satumu
· Pulau Sebarok
Pulau Sekudu
. Pulau · Seletar
Pulau Semakau . -
,. · Pulau Semechek
. '
___ Pulau Senang
Pu_lau Serangoon
Pulau Seraya
-- Pulau Subar Darat and
·Pulau Subar Laut
(Sisters lslan<;ts)
~ulau Sudong
Pulau T ekong Besar
: (Area inclusive. of Pulau
, :·Sanyongkong). ·
-- Pulau Tekong Kechi!
Pulau T ekukor
· Pulau Ub_in
·_Pulau' Ular
. - .Pulau _Unum
Sentosa
· Sultan Shoal
Terumbu ·Pesek
Terumbu Retan Laut
}
--.-·) ~--...-
~- . ··~ ·-'~
,. Pu/au Sakra and Pu/au Bakau have been merged by reclamation and have a total Ian{
area of 170 hectares. It is probably to be renamed and is yet to be gazetted. · ·-'
..
178
ANNEX MM 84
Act No, VI, 1852 (India), An Act for defraying the Cost of a LightHouse
on Pedra Branca
ACT No. VI, OF· 1852.
Passed by the Governor Gener.al of India in Counqil, on tlte
30th January 1852.
An Act for defraying the Cost of a Light-House on Ped1·a B'ranca.
WHEREAS it has been deemed expedient, for the safety and guidance
of Ships navigating the China Seas, to build a Light-House op. the Island
Rock-called Pedra ·Branca, situated at the Eastern entrance ofthe.'Straits
Jf Singapor~ ; · .And· whereas certain sums of money were subscribe~·by
private individuals for that purpose, but the same were insufficient to· .
defray the expense of building such Light-House; And whereas the
East India ·Company agreed fu build such Light-House, and ·to adv0J1ce
certain sums of money. to complete the same, on· condition that" the said
sums of money were re~aid to them .by the levy ·of a toll on Ships
entering the .harhour .of Singapore ; And whereas the .said Light-:House
fois ·been· built' by ·the _East· l:q.ilia Company, and it is desir.il:>le: tlfu.t
the expense of building the .sanie, and of maintaining a Light thereon;
should ··be defrayed out of the monies · arising . from such .toll·; Andwhereas
it may ·he1·eafter be .deemed expedient to -establish pther Lights
or beacons 'in the ·straits Of ·Malacca; or ·elsewhere neai·. thereto, It is
enacted ·as follows :
I. The Light-House. on Pedra Branca aforesaid shall be called "The
Rorsburg·h Light-House,"aild the said Light-House, and the appurtenances
thereunto belonging or occupied for the purposes thereof, ancl all the fix-
; ·.-.... · :_·-, , ,., .•. I .i..~ 1 --...... .. ~.. . \J I .~
tures,
ACT No. VI. OF 1852.
tw.·es, appaTatus, and ful'niture belonging thereto, shall become the property
of, and absolutely vest in, the East India Coni.pany and their successors.
II. From the first day of March 1852, every Ship, being of the bur~
den of fifty tons and upwards, which shall anive at, or enter the harbour
or road.stead of Singapore, from any parl of the world, shall pay a toll of
three cents of a dollar per ton for every ton· of her registered burden or
tonnage ; ·Provided always that no Ship shall pay such toll more than once
in every six calendar months.
IIi. All Ships of War belonging to Her Britannic Majesty, or any
Foreign Government or State, and all arnied Ships belonging to the East
India ·company, shall be exempt from the_ payment of such toll. . -.
..
IV." The management and controul of the said "Horsburgh• LightHo:
use," and of the keeper thereof, and of everything relating thereto, is
hereby vested in the Governor of the Straits Settleme.nts.
V. The said Gove1·nor may appoint any person he may think fit, to
be·a Collector of the tolls, payable under this A<?t.
VI. · Out of the funds raised by such tolls, an efficient Light shall be
constantly kept up and exhibited during the night-time in and from the_
said Light-House, and the s1ll'plu.s monies arising from such tolls, after
deducting the expense of maintaining such Light as aforesaid~ shall, from
time to time, be paid over to the said East India Company, in liquidation
ofthe monies they have advanced towards the erection and completion
of the said Light-House, and the apparatus and furniture thereof.
VIL The toll ·to be levied under this Act shall :become due and payable
immecliately on the arrival of every Ship liable thereto within the
harbour
ACT No. VI. 0-F 1852.
harbour or roadstead of Singapore ; and, immediately on the arrival of
any such Ship within the said harbour or roadstead, the Collector appointed
under this Act shall demand, or cause to be d. emanded' from the Master
or other person in command of such Ship, payment of the toll of three
cents of a dollar per ton for every to_n of the register.ed burden or tonnage
of_such Ship, and if the same be not paid _within two days after such
demand made as. aforesaid, or if, at a:ny time_ after 'the arrival of such Ship
as aforesai<1~ the stLid Collector _shall_have cause to s~pect,.or believe, th~t
· such Ship will immediately leave the .said h.arbom· o_r -roadstead witboqt
paying such toll, it shall be lawful for any Justice of the Peace, upon an
affidavit to _that. effect being made _before him. Qn oath by such Collector
(which oath the-_.sa.id Justice is hereby .authorized to a_dminister), -~o issue
his Warra~t underJμs hand, dir:e.cted. to any Peace Officer of Singapore
aforesaid, to enter on board sμch .S~ip ~nd to seiie and carry away any of·
the Goods, __ Mer.chandize, <Junf?, .Tackle, Apparel_ .or Furrriture_ of_ .or
belonging to or on boa~d.suc~ _Ship, and. to_ keep the sa~e for. th~ space of
three days then· next, unless the said toll shall be .in ~e mean time paid.;
and in case the amount of the_ toU due by .su~h Ship shall not·_ lJefore
the·expiration .of such three_ days _haye peen paid, then :the $aid ·colle_ctor
may cause _the s3:id Goods, l\iercμandize, Guns, Tackle, .Apparel or FQ.I'.~
niture so seize4 to .b_e. sold, _ and out of :!ne prqceeds of.suc:h $Eμe s~all pay
the amount· of the said toll to which such Ship shall be liabl_e, togeth~r
mth the reasonable charges of the seizure, .detention, and sale, rendering
to. the Master-Qr Qwner, or o_ther _.p erson .h a~ the :~o,rnmand, -9f such
Ship, the overplus (if any) on de_mand. ·
. VIII. Th~ O~cer of_Governll?:ent whose duty it,shall be to grant _a
Port-clearance for any Ship .clearing out of orle_aving. the port of Singapore
aforesaid, shall refuse to grant su.ch ~ort;..clearanc~ to an;~ Ship until the
Owner, Agent, Master o_r other ,p.~rson in cmnmand of such Ship .shaJl
pr-0.duce a certificate -from the Cpllector appofoted 11nd_er this - A_ct . .th~t
.-.. - •-.,. (.:. .•.··f· ' - (, t:;-- ·, - :...J, ... ..... - t
I
·such
ACT No. VI. OF 1852.
such Ship has paid the amount of toll to which· she is liable under· this
Act.
IX. Notwithstanding anything in this Act con fained, the said Col~
le~tor appointed under th.is Act, may sue for and recover the amount of
any tolls payable to.him 'Ylder this Act, by action·of debt or suit in Equity
in any of Her Majesty's Courts in India, against the Owner, or Master,
or other person who, at the time of default made in the payment of such .
toll, owned or had the command,of any Ship liable .thereto.
X. In ·order to. ascertain the exact . burden or tonnage of any Ship
liable· to p·ay the toll leviable · under this. Act, the Collector appoint.ed
under this Act may apply to any Justice of the Peace.to ~equire, and such
Justice of the Peace shall the:ceupon summon and require the Owner1
Master, or other person in command of such Ship, or any person having
possession of the same, to. produce -the register of such Ship for the
inspection of such Justice, and upon the refusal or ne·glect of any such
Owne~. Master; or person to produce such register, it shall be lawful for
such Justice to adjudge- such Owner, Master, or person to pay a fine not
exceeding one hundred clollars, and in default of payment, to be im•
prisoned in Her Majesty's Gaol for any period notexceeding two·calen·
dar· months.
XI. When and so soon as the monies to be· advanced ·by the said
East India Company towards the erection and completion of the said
Ligh_t-House shall have been fully repaid -and liquidated in manner herein
provided for, it shall be competent for the Governor of the Straits-Settle·
ment.s to build, or cause to be built,· one or more other Lights or ·beacons
for the safety and guidance of Ships in such part or parts of the Straits of
Malacca, or near thereto, as shall be deemed expedient, and the cost thereof,
and of maintaining the same, and of keeping· up and exhibiting a Light
or
ACT No. VI. OF 1852.
or Lig-hts therefrom, shall be defrayed out of the surplus monies arising
from the toll payable under this Act, after defraying the current e1..1Jenses
of maintaining the " Horsburgh Light-House" aforesaicl.
XII. N otbing in this Act_ contained shall be construed to authorize
the levy of a toll upon any Ship passing through the Straits of Singapore
and not entering the said harbour or road.stead of Singapore afore·said.
XIII. The wo_rd '' Ship" throughout this Act mentioned, shall be
held to mean and include a Schooner, Cutte:·, Brig, Briganti11e, Ba1·que,
Junk, Stett.n1-Boat, and every other Vessel, as well as a Ship; and w01·ds
importing the singular number only shall include the plural number, ancl
words importing the plural number only shall include al~o the· singular
number, and words importing the masculine gender shall extend to
females, unless there be something in the subject or context repugnant to
such construction.
Cnl~uttu, ls;i~ :-Priute<l. ~I tl,e Beug'lll Militnry Orphciu Pre;.;, Ly F. Cllrbcry.
ANNEX MM 85
Act No. XIII, 1854 (India), An Act to repeal Act No. VI of 1852,
and to make provision for defraying the cost of the Light-House
on Pedra Branca •••
ACT N 0, XIII. OF 185-4;.
' \
7~
Passed by the Governor G,meral of India in Co~ncil on the 7th April 1854.
AN Acr. to repeal Act No. VI. of 1852, and to make provision for defraying
the cost of th« Light-House on Pedra Branca, and for maintaining the same,
_ and also a Floating Light established in tlte Straits of lifalacca, to the We.st
of Singapore, and for the establuhment and maintenance of such further
Lights in or near to the said Straits as may he deemed expedient.
WHEREAS it was deemed desirable, for the safety and guidance of Ships
navigating the China Seas, to build a Light-House on the Island Rock called
Pedra Branca, situate at the Eastern entrance of the Straits of Singapore;
and whereas certain sums of money were subscribed by private individuals for
that purpose, but the same were insufficient to defray the expense of building
such Light-House; and whereas the East India Company agreed to build
such . Light-House, and to advance certain sums of money to complete the
·~a.rile' on condition that the·said sums of money should be repaid to them by
the levy of certain tolls i and whereas, since the passing of Act No. VI. 1852,
a Floating Light has been established by the East India Company in the
Straits of Malacca to the West of Singapore, at a place called the 2½-fatho1J1:
bank, and it may hereafter be deemed expedient to establish and maintain
other lights or beacons in or near to the said Straits, for the safety and guidance
of Ships navigating the same; and whereas many Ships which derive
the benefit of the Horsburgh Light and the said Floating Light established
aforesaid, do not contribute to the expense thereof, and it is just and reasonable
that they should be liable so to do; It is enacted as fo1lows:
· I. Act No. VI. 1852 is· hereby repealed, except so far as it relates to
any Act already done under the same, or to any toll now due under the pro~
visions thereof, or to any proceedings already adopted, or hereafter to be
adopted, for the recovery of any such toll.
II. The Light.House on Pedra Branca aforesaid shall continue to be
ca1led "The Horsburgh Light.House," and the said Light-Honse, and the
t1ppurtenances
ACT No. XUI. OF 18.54.
,1_ppurteuanccs thereunto belonging or occupied for the purposes thereof, anrl
all the fixtures, apparatus and furniture belonging thereto, shall remain the
property of, and be absolutely vested in, the East India Company and their
srn ccesso rs.
Ill. The light maintained at the Horsburgh Light-House, and the said
Ploating Light established as aforesaid, and such other light or lights as shall
lJe established by the East India Company in lieu of such Floating Light, or in
addition thereto, in or near to the Straits of Malacca or Singapore, shall bt~
called "The Straits' Lights."
IV. H, after the passing of this Act, any Ship, of the burden of fifty
tons or upwards, shall depart from, or enter any port, harbour or roadstead
in the possession or under the Government of the East India Company,
upon, or duriug, or at the termination of any voyage, in the ordinary course
of which she would pass any of the said lights, a toll shall be paid in respect
of such Ship, except in the cases hereinafter mentioned at tl1e rates following,
that is to say-
1. lf the voyage be one in the ordinary course whereof such Ship would
pass the whole of the said lights, at the rate of one anna for every ton of her
Lurtlen.
2. If the voyage be one in the ordinary co·urse of which she would pass
any one or more of the said lights, but not all of them, at the rate of half an
anna for every ton of her burden. Provided that such toll shall not be payable
at any such port or place, if such toll shall have been paid at the same or
any other port or place under the Government of the East India Company in
respect of the same voyage, and a proper voucher for such payment shall be
produced, or other satisfactory proof of such payment given. Provided also
that no toll shall Le payable under this Act on account of any Ship in respect
of any voyage for which toll hath been already paid or become payable under
ihe said Act No. VI. 1852, or during the period covered by such paymeut.
V. The return of a Ship from any port or place sliall be deemed a distinct
voyage within the meaning of this Act, notwithstanding toll shall ha,:e
ueeu paid in respect of her _voyage to such port or place, and notwithstanding
the terms of any Charter.party.
VI. All Ships of War, belonging to Her Majesty, or to any Foreign
Government or State, ~nd all Ships befoogiug to the East India Company
'\hall be exempt from the payment of 60ch toll.
VU. And
J
ACT No. XIU. ot 1854-.
VII. · And whereas there are certain Vessels of small burden, called
Straits' traders,. which are engaged in the trade carried on between different
ports and places, within or near to the said Strait;,,, and it is just and reason:able,
that such Vessels should not be charged full toll in respect of any voyage
in the course of such trade. It is therefore enacted, that in respect of
-any voyag~ which shall be made by any such Vessel in the course of such trade,
toll shall be paid at only one-half of the rate at which it shall be payable· in
other cases under this Act.
VIII.- _The management and control of the said "Horsburgh Light
House," .and of the said Sraits' Lights, are hereby vested in the Governor of
the Straits' Settlements.
· JX. The said Governor may appoint any person he may think fit, to be
a collector of the tolls payable under this Act, at any port, harbour, or place
under his Go'\"ernment.
X. The Funds raised by the tolls payable under this Act shall be applieable
· in the first place to defray the necessary expenses of maintaining and
keeping up the said Light-House and the said Straits' Lights, and the establishment
and maintenance of. such other lights as aforesaid, as the Governor
General of India in Council may think fit to establish and maintain, and all
necessary expenses incidental thereto, and the surplus thereof shall from time
,to time, be ~pplied in liquidation of the moneys advanced by the East India
:Company towards the erection and completion of the said Light-House, and
the. apparatus.and furniture thereof .
. XL The· toll to b~ lev~ed. under this Act shall become due and be pay-·
.able in respect of _any Ship clearing out or departing from any port, harbour
.or roadstead, in the possession or under the Government of the East· India
Company, upon any such voyage as aforesaid, previously to the granting of
any Port-Clearance for such Ship, or in the event of her not requiring a
-Port-Clearance, on her preparing to leave such port, harbour or roadstead on
~uch voyage; an!! in respect of any Ship entering any such port, harbour
or roadstead as aforesaid, upon or duri.ng, or at the termination of any such
voyage from any port or place not under the Government of the East India
Company, the toll shall be payable immediately upon her entering such port,
harbour or roadstead.
XII. The Collector or other Chief Officer of Customs at any port, harbour
or piace in the possession, or under the Government of the East lndia
Company, ·or any other Officer, whom th~ Government to which such port,
harbour
ACT No. XIII. OF 1s5·4.
harbour or place j5 subordinate, may appoint to receive the tolls above.mentioned,
shall collect the same by himself; or by any Officer, in his establishment
whom he shall appoint. The Officer to whom any such toll· shall be
paid, shall grant to the peri-on paying the same a proper voucher in writing,
under his hand, describing the name of his office, and the port or place at
which such payment sh a I l be made, the name, tonnage and other pro per des•
cription of the Ship, and the voyage in respect of which such toll sball be paid.
XIII. The Officer of Government, whose duty it shall be to grant a
Port-Clearance for any Ship clearing out of, or leaving any such port, harbour
or place under the Government of the Ea.st Indfa Company, shall not grant
such Pori-clearance to any Ship until the Owner or Agent of such Ship, or
the Master or other person in command thereof, ·shall pay all tolls to which
such. Ship shall be liable under this Act, or produce a proper voucher for, or
give satisfactory proof of the payment of such tolls at the same or some other
port or place. If any Master or Owner, or other person having the charge of
any Ship liable to the payment of any tolls under this Act, shall refuse~or neg~
lect to pay the amount thereof to the person authorized to collect, or receive
the same, such person may distrain or cause to be distrained, any goods, or
merchandize, to whomsoever the samemay beJong,'·on board such ·ship, and
any tac~le, apparel or furniture belonging to such Ship," and may remove the
same, or cause the same ·to be removed, to some convenient place, le_aving on
lJOard such Ship -notice, in writing, of such distress and of the cause thereof,
and of the place of removal, if such tolls, together witll the costs of such distres~
and removal, shall not be paid within three whole days after the seizure,
exclusive of the day of such seizure, the person authorized to collect or receive
such tolls may cause tl1e goods, merchandize, tackle, apparel and furniture so
seized, to be sold, and out of the proceeds of such sale shall pay the amount of
the tolls to which such Ship may be liable under this Act, together with the
reasonable costs of such seizure, detention, and sale, rendering to the Master or
Owner, or other person having the command of such Vessel, the over-plus, if
any, on demand._
XIV. Notwithsti:m<ling any thing in this Act containr.d, the person autho-..
rized to collect the said tolls at any such port, harbour or place aforesaid, may,
in his own name, sue for and recover, on behalf of the East India Company,
the amount of any tolls payable to him under this Act, by action in any _of the
Givil Courts of Her Majesty or of the East· India Company against the
Owner or Master, or other person, who, at the time of such toll becoming
·due, shall-have the command of any Ship liable thereto. · xv. In
ACT No. -XIII. OF 1854.
XV., In crder to ascertain the burden -of an-y- Sh.ip -Jiable.' to pay toll
~nder this Act, the per~on authorized to -collect -such toJI may require -the
Qwn&, Maste!o!other person in command of.such Ship,-or any person-having
possession of the same, to produce the register of such Ship for the inspection'
of such_pe'rson, if the Ship. shall be a British registered -Ship or· a· Ship
registered.in any.part of. the t.erritories of the East India- Company, aiul upon:
the refusal or neglect of any such Owner, Master or other peTSon to produce
such register, or ifsnch Ship shall not bea Ship registered as aforesaid upon
the refusal or neglect of such Owner or Master to satisfy the person authorize1l
to collect such tolls as to what is the true burden of the Ship, it shall be lawful
for such person to cause such Ship to be measured at the expense of the Master
thereof, and such expense shall be receivable in the same manner as tolls payable
under this-Act or it shall he lawful for such person to deliver to such Master,
Owner or other person in command of the Ship, or in the possession thereof,
or to leave for him on board such Ship a notice in writing, specifying what, in
his judgment, is the burden of the Ship, and the bnrJen specified in snch notice
shall be deemed to be the real burden of the Ship and be treated as such for
-all the purposes of this Act, until the Owner, Master or other person having
the command of the Ship shall_ give sufficient proof of the true burden thereof.
XVI. The Master of any Ship which shall depart from or enter any
such port, harbour or roa.dstead as aforesaid, upon, or in the course of. or at
the termination of any voyage, shall, upon demand by any person authorized
to collect or receive tolls under this _ Act, specify upon what yoyage he is
bound,· and if any Master of any such Ship, shall refuse or negle::!t so to do, or
shall give a false statement, or shall endeavour to evade the payment of any
tolls payable under this Act, or shall obstruct any Officer of Government in
the discharge of his duty under this Act, be shall be punishable by a Magis~
trate in a summary manner by a fine not exceeding two hundred rupees.
XVH. If any dispute shall arise respecting the liability of any Ship, to
the payment of ton under this Act, or in respect of the burden of any Ship,
or the amount of toll payable, or the amciunt of any charges on account of
any_ distress, removal or sale under this Act; such dispute shall be heard and
determined by a Magistrate in a summary manner, and the decision of such
Magistrate shall be final.
XVIII. The Governor General of India in Council may, from time to
time, as he may think fit, reduce the tolls payable under this Act, in respect
of all vessels or of any particular class or classes of vessels, and again raise the
- same to any amount not exceeding the amounts above specified.
XIX. The
ACT No. XIII .. o:F 1854.
. XIX. The word u Ship'' throughout this Act shall be held fo mean and
include a Schooner, Cutter, Brig, Brigantine, Barque, Steam-vessel and any
square-rigged Vessel. The word " Master" shall mean any person having
the Command of a Ship.
The word " Magistrate" shall be deemed to include a Joint Magistrate
and any person lawfully exercising the powers of Magistrate, and a Justice
of the Peace.
TB05. JONJ!.B, "CJ.J..CUTT,!, G.u:n:rs OJ'FICB.
ANNEX MM 86
Award made by Governor Sir H. St George Ord, under the
provisions of the Treaty between Pahang and Johore, of 17th
June, 1862, 1 September 1868
PAHANG AND JOHORE, 1868.
AWARD MADE ElY GOVERNOR SIR H_ ST GEORGE ORD, under
the provisions of 1:he TREATY between PAf-fANG P.ND
jOHORE. of 17th June, 1862.
(Signed) H. Sr. GEORGE ORD,
G onrnor a rul Com.ma n.d (;-in-Chief.
Whereas by a Treaty entered into on the 17th day of
j une I 862 between His Highness the Maharajah of Joliore
and His Highness the Bandahara of Pahang it was agreed
between the contracting panics that shou!d any dispute or
difference arise between them or their successors at any time
thereafter, either With regard to the said Trealy or che matters
contained in it, or witl1 regard to any other matter or thing,
whether national, political, or private, the same should be
refened to the friendly mediation and settlement of the British
Government whose a ward and decision was by the said Treaty
declared to be final; and whereas differences had arisen between
the said contracting p2.rt·1es relating to the bound2.ry between
the respective territories of Johore and Pahang and respecting
rhe ownership of certain !slc.nds lying off the East Coast of
the Malayan Peninsula and whereas the said differences were
submitted and referred by the said contracting parties to the
friendly mediation and settlement of His Excellency the
Governor of the Straits Settlements:
Now these are to make known that I, S,r Harry St.
George Ord, the said Governor, having taken into consideration
and carefully and maturely weighed the evidence and
statements la,d before me by both the contracting parties relating
to the respective differences and claims, do hereby award
and decicie as follows, that is to say, 1st. that the River Indow
sha!I be the boundary on the: Mainland between the territories
of His Highness the MaharaJah of Johore and His
Highness the Banda.hara of Pahang, and that the Islands
of Tioman, Aor, Pulo Tingy, Sir1buat and others lying
off the East Coast of the Ma!aya.n Peninsu.la shall be divided
by a direct line from the cc·ntre of the mouth of the River Indow
to the southern extreme of Pulo Ra.ban and {hence due east
along the nonh parallel of latitude of 2° 59' .20·· and all the
islands to the nonh o{ this line shall belong to Pa.hang and
all to the south of this 1·ine to !ohore as laid down on the chart
annexed to thrs award. · · ,
Given at Singapore, }
this 6rst day of September, 1868_
By His Excellency's Command,
(Signed) J. F. A. McNArR,
A cling C oloniat Secretary, S .S _
ANNEX MM 87
Report of the Johore Boundaries Commission, 18 February 1898
.,. O[JflP -~ Bn1•,:n ,\1"' I....,~ co· ~1 'I,..~ T'"'' . ...: l. ~ i · IL; ,,"'\r1 t',t . 1··iJ., -..,""' ~~-• ~l.,.
55
Colonial Office,
.-_ · .-.-. ·-:.£~:~ ',.;\
' ,_
I, '.l /
,. _,. , I
" '·, i:;~:-,-'.,/ ---~
18th Fe.bnta:""y, 1898 •
,-
Si!", -~
Havinr: been inYited by His Hie;hness the
Sultan of J oho!"a to take ster:s for t~he settler.tent, of
the Bounda~ies betvreon Johore and the States aclj acent
to it JI .;.rou cies i~d. the four Comr.-:.iss ioners whosEI nanes
arA hA.reto· appAnried to inqnil'S int.,o the vrhole subject
and report for your consic.eration the Botuiciaries \~rhich
th A. .1. r wou 1d rec Ol'!!Me n d •
P.. It ·will he corwenient to vlacf' on rEluOrd the
ci!"CUl!lstances and conditions lUlcter which this inquiry
has been I!laC!.B.
3. The S.ul tan of J chore, b .Y a Col!Il:li.s s ion under
his hand and the State Sea!JI bea!"in£; date thEI 14th ·
day of Decer-,1::er, I°P.96 (a cop~, of which is heret,o £>J1-
nex0d) appointed Sir Robert Geor[;B iff,, ndhar.1 Herbart,
G.C.B. ?r.d the rato Sri AI:ia!'" c. 'Raj_z. Abdul Rahr.,anJI C.M.G
to be His Hir.hness's joint., Aeen+Js a.mi Representati_~ras
to la;,· -before the QuHen, thro11r,h Har Be.j -=:sty' s
Secrete>.!";' of Stat.a fo.!" +Jhe Colonies, His Highness.• s
anxious dasi!"B fer z. speedJ s1:1ttl9r.tent of the questions
of t,he Bou.rido.riee. :)etwe·sn his State and. +,11e ~ettler.ient
of
56
of i:alacca, the St,at~e of Johol in -t~Jrn i:flgri S0r1bilcn,
ancl l,he State of Paha..nr; res1,ecLiYel~·; u.Pd in that
Cortniss ion His Hit~hnes s nm: e rt.oak to ab irie b~, an~1
cecision for a sirmltaneons set.,tler1ent, of all these
Bomi~.a!"i.es aL whiqh you Mi£;ht arrive, provicierl th.:'lt
his R SlJ!"S set• tat, j. ves should, after being clnly consul tod,
have voluntarily cl,l~rBed to sucn decision.
4- This Cor:imission havinr; been comrn.micated to
you, you were pleas set tJo nol!linat a Sir Ce c D Cl er., anti
Sr.Ii t1h, ··-G. C,H.G. anrl Sir Fr811k AthelstanA SwettEmhar.t,
K.C.M.G. to be Cor.ll!lissioners to reprE1sent the GoYernl'!
l&nt,s of the Straits Sattlet!lents and of the m~eri
Ser.tbilan arid Pahane, for the i:,urvose of consirlering
with the ·J oho ro Co'Ml'!li.S s ion ers vrheth er an arrangement
of all the_ Boundaries in qnestion, such as you mit.~ht
be advisecl to adopt as just and equitable to all the
parties conc1:1.rned, could be agreed u1:ion. And you
made a proviso (a) that any arrangaMent which 1:.ight
so be c·cne to should ba subj act to your approval or
disapproval, and (b) that on any points of detail on
which the Cor.imiss ioners might not 8l~ree your. rnlinr;
should be accevted as final.
5. \'la accorcUngly held onr first r.ieetine; at
the Colonial Off ice on the 9th of NoveJTtber Ir.st, and,
after a prolone;ed examination, c'l.t1.rine several sit t irlf':S
of the claiMs and contentions broneht for11ard by each
part;,, and of the evidence or instrurtent,s on which
such c!air.1s or cont,entions were based, we have now
agreed to recOMrrtend to you, as the Bom1dftries (1) between
J ohore ancl J.:alacca (2) between J ohor~ a.ml J oho!
and
57
and (3) between J ohorF.l and Palla1¥__: t,h_fl 1 infl s r.;ark.ocl upon
the accCMpari!'inr, r1Rp an0. described in the Statement
al so 2J1nflx ed.
G. We dflsire to 1:1x1lain, 1vit,h referet1cfl t.,o the
Boundaries which l'lfl have thns skEltchfld, thut as the
stronr;ly ass erteci. con tJent ions of e. ithe.r s tcte \'/fire for
the r.10st, 1n".rt based on oral traditions, or on ancient
assartions of claim not supported by actual or admit.,
ted poss_essory rights, there would hate been no
prospa.ct of a final settlement but for thA praisel'rorthy
detamination of all the parties to abide by the finnl
decision of an absolutely neutral autJhority; and that
c_onsequentl~'• in order to enable such a decision to
be declared by you,. it has- been ou..r endeavour to orri
va in ca rtain dis pu tad ·cases at an eqni table cCl!\prcrni
s e between tha extre~e demands placed·before us,
ruid, atJ the sane tir.te, to-- lay dmm Bouncta.ries not
liable to be effaced or misunderstood, and precluding
as far as possible the riRk of a conflict of jttrisdiction
at and about the frontiers.
7. The greatest divergence of claim arose in
regard to the Bopnrla.ries betl','.een PahaJ""E and J ohore.
r • -
In this case the frontier had been to some extent
defined by a T.reatJ' l!larle in 1862 bet'1ee11 the 8tates of
Johore and Pahang and by an Award made in pu-suance of·
that 'l'ree.ty by (~overnor 8ir Hru-ry Ord in 1868. By
this Treaty and_ Award, constituting a settlement. whim
the C~issioners could not allow to be ra-opened, tm
Riv~r Endau was declared to be the inland Boundar~r
b-3tween th1:1 t.,wo ~tat.es. Up to a certain pointJ (the
conflnenco
58
cor. f ! uci t' CEI of the Riva ::-s r<:nctau and :::-enbrong) no q ue st
ion t,rorn; but here 1''9 were Met. b~1 a contention on
be!1al f 0£ Paho...ng that ths Ri Yer SeMbro11~ n.u-ining <lue
r.:o!"i,h into the Enrlau, was in fa.ct. the trne E:nd..:'l..n. and
that c 0r. sAq!1e:ntly a l Elrf,8 tract of LElr.dtor y 8011th
of whut Johore cle,iMed to be the trne Upper Endnn,
should fall \liithin Pahang. On the othe,· h,mc\ J chore
has for some time claimed a boundary north of the
Krato~g River, ~~d has in fact had a Police Station a,_
the r ie:tit bank of that, River; while Paha.r-e asserts
that, it has never abandoried its right to both hanks of
the Krato:ri.g and to the cotmtJr:,r waterad by it. 'fie
ha.VA not been able to consider as effectually
established the assertion of.either State that it has
had indispntable rights in this direction, and we he.ve
f'=ll t bonnd to lay down an interf!l8diate lim1, awarding
to Aach f:tate only a pa.r 1, of its extreme claim, but
securi~ to each the control and o.. wnership of important·
rivers and the ·country borderirg on them •
. Ir
8.->'tiWe have thus assigned to J ohore both sides
of the Rivers Upper End'au and Sembrong while allotti~
to PahBJ"E both bar.ks of thA Krato~ and i1,s tr:i.buta.ry
the Pukin. -
9. It is i:,srhaps unnecessary to enter into Bl1J _
d~~iled explanation of the Boundaries laid dom as
between J chore anci. t-:alacca and J chore and J ohol. but
it should be observed that fr the latter case the
Col!!Missionars l'lere bm111d. by ,;,our inst.ructions that
they r.n.t st not cons .1:ner theMs9 l ve s . at 1 i bert~, to deal
with the country of tna Batiri Gema.la..
10,
59
10. You also ~-psir1:1d that r1f.!asures r1ip:ht b1:1
takr1n t_, o SB c 1.1.re t ha Co 1 ony e.ric; t ha Prate c t,e ct. ~ ta te s
conr.t1rneci in t,hP.se Bom1dar!' rinestions frCP.'.!1 beinr, involved
in an:' claim which r.13t~ht be on t,stancUn~ ac;ai.nst
the ~tats of Johore or its Gov1:1rnnent. The only
claif!l of this nature that we c-..re aware of is. that mar.a
by a Major Studer, a citizen of the United $t,ates, to
an all ege cl grant of 1 and within Muar, which is now
part of J oho re. The land thus clair.1ed does not lie
in the ·..rohora-Malacca frontier, from which its n9are.st
lir.lit i-s., &bont., eight miles distwt; so that the
Provinna of Malecca bannot be affected by the result,
w11 at ,ever 1· t may b a, of th·1 s • C1- a-~~.:.:i,. •• •
We haYe etc.,
(Signed) Cr:CIL CLE?-:tr~NTI ~MITH •
•
I
FRANl< SWETTfNHAB.
ROB~T G.rr,, BEiBERT.
ABDUL RAPJ:,tAN.
tory of .I ohor-e ~ and the Provinca of FR.lacca, ru1d the
· St.,at,e1 of Johol in the ·::egri' SeMbi+an, anrl thP. State of
Pahruig :r9sp8ctivel~, shall be as follows:.:.
A liM, coo:r:iAncing at a pofot in the centre
of the Kuala Kesarig where it, an+,ers the s"ea, thence
alone; the r.iindl e of the Su!l{~ei Ke sang anct t,he Snnt:ei
Chohonr; at an .eqnal distance from €lither bank of the
sai rl ri vars to a 1,0 int., nfl ar Buki t Asatu,n whe rfl the
ro acL t.,o K flf'l !)OJ"'lf, R 8 ! E.U C .ros S 8 S the Sttng 0 i Ch oh one ,
thence following r, lini:, 30 ~arc\.s frOT!I the south side
. of t,he road to a r,oint to be fixed where t,he road
1:mi.1Ars Kampone Relt-,:1, thence in a direct linEI to
Lubok Ker.ondong, thence Clown the Middle of the S.tll'll~ei
G8M€1h (or f;.er.zas) to l<uala Geneh., the.nee tn Knalc:..
Chandoi on the S.unr,ai PalontJ, thence to Bnkit Uln
Perloh, the11ce to t,he s~Wii t of Bukit Felan char, thence
to t,he s UJ!l!l.i t of G-unonr, Pukin, thence to the sur.ni t,
of C:unong Besar. t.,lwr,c:e to the stlJTlr'li t, of Cunonc
Be~flr.ibnn, th1=111ce 1::y a line connectinr; the hiehest
points of (~unonp;. BE\rambur, and (~nnon{~ Kenct.ok. so that
the linf:I falls enLif'ely to the no!'t,h of the Sungei
lndan, thence t..o ,~ voint on the left barik of t,ha
S.nnr,e i Endm1 op pas iie the extl'fw1i t~' of the:t · J.iriint on
which the K uafr. S er:ibrofl{~ Pol ice S.t,a t, ion s tflr,cl. s. thence
alor1~ t.,he r:icir.le of the ~ungei Endan to Kmi..lr-. 8ndc.u,
tl:once r.t, sf!a to the r.iost, sontl1tirn {Joint nf Pnlau
Kebr,r.,
2.. \''here t,Jrn !'".ic'r.le of a r1Yer is t.\rn bo1. 1 ncic."1.r)'
t,lle inL,J; i L;J.'1 r,s of ths ;::t,ate or P,ovin c:fl on e it-har
3. Wlw ra the Sunga i !.1~ndE-.n lies. by this Aw fl.I'd,
wholl:: l'ii1,hin the F-tate of Johore, pe.."s0ns re8~.cting in
thl':I Sta.t.,p of Pahang shal 1 ru-...ve the
rat.,friJ'. t.,hat river, and shall t1c.·we free a.r.cess to it.
f0t that., pnr1.,ose.
All pe.rsoris whether of Burove~m 01· Asiatic
re.ca owning or WO!'hint~ hons As, farr-.s, miriPs or other
p!'OpArt,ias or CE'.rr~,ring on industries in tA:irritJory
which 1,rior to +,his Awarrl, h;_u:; been st1.1J110::-i;d t,::-• belort'.
t,o ariot,l1er Province a, State the.n th,· t, t.,o 1•.rb ich it
is hereb~r each.red. t,o belong shall .be sec?1 r-Nl. in the
pic:ac6e.bl e enj c~•T.'ient., of such 1--ro11& rtiErs or i11ri11.!- t.,rie ~
ari rt she.! 1' lrnr: c e fr rt.,h pa~' t.,o th~ Go vernr1F1ri t nnct ".l r ..., hi ch
thAy e,rA nC1w hRreby ple.ce0 ..... 11 sueμ dues. r~n1,s.
ro~1fd ties or· other p1:tyi:,eri t.,s fl.S c.rA lawf111J.y e.r,c\ c11.storir..
ri ly pn~1abl e tri s11cl1 (;oveniMAn tJ by t,hei s nh j ,,ct, s
th 13 .'"AO f •
4. Aft8r this Award has cor.1e int,0 opRraLion rio
GovFirnn~rit of a Provif'ICB or State affected h~r it,
sl;all r-£,irit,ain ruij Police ~tat.ions. or officArE- or
le v~,- an~1 1Jax es or cl.n 1, i es or :,u.rr1ort to exo re is e c-.n~r
juri.sd:\J·:t.,ion be~'onn. it,s bonrni.il/'ies as h':'!rAL~, c:f.!'iriAd.
5. ThA varirius bmiridaries nent,ior1M: h,,rein,.::•.r.d
r.1?..rkl:'!d on the t:nri exeri. rir.p are adopted ~-.s cl ~~,r-; ~r
indj_ catinr +)1e s1,irit aml intention Clf this Settlenent.
wet r;h.z,11 te h:i.riding upon all 1,artins coriCEif118c..
6.
66
/'7(
'-l• Provir.ect thd, in ,,,e•;ent of rt!1~-- ri.t~~;i,tJ or
d5.:fe.rer.c8 ari::: i11r ;',S t,(I i_,~,(-1 i reci~e. (;eoerq.hicnl
a 1.,hird to be 2-ppointed bJ the otl19r two.
7. A t'eI)Ort of tJ19 !'esnl t of Buch Axar:-iinat,ion
shall be Mada to the C:O'\'~rl"'Mimt.,s of tile States concerned,
and in t.,he event., of their not flt~faaine t.,o abid'3
b,'.l it s 11ch !"9}.J0rt _shall be referrer! tjn t.,!lf:l Sacr1::1tar.:,.·
of St:::.te, l'fhose dee is ion as to any snn~asted ar.1E1ndMont
in n!:1tt,\l of the ri Af ini tion of the bmuidnries sll,_1.ll
be final wd sh.::tll be conrmnicated tn t.,he, rr-.s1,e.cti,,e
St.,at,es.
8. The ,cost., .of Marking out. an~r pot"'tions of the
b011ndar~.E'ts as he.r~i.n _ laid dovm, or of any !'El Vision
th~reoC shall be hol".nfl in equal sh,·- res bi.- the States
9. This Awu.rd shall take ef feet sir. r.ionths
aftAr i+.;s v;blica1,i.on in the 'Straits SE1ttleT'1aPts
Go1.rA-r,nr.ien t~ (:az et te. •
Ii I
~r~~~- ----·-··-·-
er
• i
,I l J: ~l I
·a ·'1
J
q t!~ ~t, ~j J ·}t ~
1• 1fb
1;,
f i
J
;"
ANNEX MM 88
Constitution of Johore, 14 April 18959 in J. de V. Allen, A.J.
Stockwell and L.R. Wright (eds.), A Collection of Treaties and
Other Documents Affecting the States of Malaysia, 1761-1963,
New York: Oceana, 1981, vol. I, pp. 77, 78, 84, 85, 101
(JOHORE DOCUMENT OF 14 SEPTEMBER 1895)
JOHORE DOCUMENT of 14 September, 1895
First State Constitution1*
(Translation)
Signature ABU BAKAR Johore State Seal
Preamble.
In the name of God, the Compassionate,
the Merciful. Praise be to God, the Lord
of the universe, and may the benediction
and peace of God be upon Our Leader Mohamed
and up6n all His Relations and Friends.
By the Grace of God Abu Bakar, of the
State and territory of Johore and all its
Dependencies, Sultan and Sovereign Ruler,
Sovereign and Chief of the Most Esteemed
Family Order, and Sovereign and Chief of
the Most Honourable Order of the Crown
of Johore.
Whereas We, by the rights and powers of
Our State and our prerogatives as Sovereign
Ruler and Possessor of this State of Johore
and its Dependencies together w1th the advice,
concurrence and assent of all the
Members of Our Council of Ministers, and
of Our Council of State and other Chiefs
and Elders of the country, have deliberated,
considered and declared that it is proper,
expedient and suitable at the present time
and age that We, in Our name and on our
behalf, and for and on behalf of Our Heirs
and Successors, the Sovereign Rulers or
Sultans of Johore, should make, create,
found and institute, and grant, give, bestow
upon ·.and present to and for the use
of the Government, subjects and inhabitants
of Our Country, a Law and Regulation for
the administration and management of the
State to be intituled 11Undang-undang TubohKraj
aan, 1
' (the Laws of the Constitution of
the State), which, enduring and. continuing
from generation to generation, shall become
and form the Law of Our State, country,
* For footnote see p.101.
77
Declaration.
Declaration.
Declaration.
Royal Command.
and people, and be an inheritance which
cannot be altered, varied, changed,
annulled, infringed, or in any way or by
any act whatsoever repealed or destroyed:
And whereas We, in Our name, and for and
on Our own behalf, and for and on behalf
of Our Heirs and Successors, the Sovereign,
Rulers and Possessors of this State, to
wit, the Sultans of Johore, are pleased,
willing and desirous to do what is above
stated:
And whereas likewise the Chiefs and
Elders of Our State, in their names and
for and on their own behalf, and for and
on behalf of their respective successors,
and likewise all the inhabitants of Our
Country and the subjects of Our State, and
willing, voluntarily desirous, ready, and
obediently agreeable to support and join
Us in such Our intention and wish, the
same being, so to say, the petition, intention
and wish of all the said persons.
And whereas because We Ourselves and the
said persons are anxiously desirous to
commence to institute such "State Constitution11
at this favourable time, We do
therefore commence the same with the points,
arrangements, and terms as s·tated hereunder,
they beirig the things which We think, consider
and regard to be principally and
primarily requisite to be the basis, guide,
and model for the firm establishment and
proper arrangement of the government and
administration of Our State. ·
Now therefor~ Know Ye, all the subjects
of Our State, of all ranks, nationalities,
and religions, and Know Ye also, all who
are concerned with Our country, territory,
and native soil, that verily, We do make
and enact the things stated hereunder as
a true, real, firm, fixed and settled law
of Our country and Sta:te, that is to say,
it shall be unlawful, unmanly, rebellious
and criminal for any person to refuse to
acknowledge and neglect to obey it.
78
A new Ruler
being appointed.
It is not
necessary for
the new. .. Ruler
to abdicate•in
favour of the
Ex-Ruler.
The Sovereign
may not cede
the country .to
another State.
have been arrived at as to whether it is
proper to wait longer for the return of
the Sovereign, and if so, what length of
time it is proper still to wait; or
whether it is proper and necessary to take
the view that he is actually not desirous
to return at all and that such being the
case his successor may be appointed and
installed.
XIII. If owing to the non-residence of
the Sovereign in the Country and Territory
of Johore for a full term of five years,
as stated in Section XII> a successor to
him shal 1 have been appointed and inst al led>
the former shall be regarded as having
withdrawn himself from the State and his
rights to and c1aims on the State> and his
circumstances in respect of the State shall
be the same as those of an Ex-Sovereign,
and as such he shall come under the law
which determines and regulates matters
relating to an Ex-Sovereign.
XIV. If after the new Sovereign has been
appointed and installed the Ex-Sovereign
should return, that circumstance shall
not render it compulsory on the new Sovereign
to abdicate the throne and surrender
the State rights to him again, if even his
return should take place only one day after
the appointment and installation of his
successor.
XV.. The Sovereign may not in any manner
s·urrender or make any agreement or plan to
surrender the country or any part of the
country and_ State of Johore to any European
State or Power, or to any other State or
nation, whether because he thinks it a
trouble or a burden to him to be Ruler, or
because he does not care to rule, or because
he desires to' obtain, take and accept
any payment or pension from another nation
or State; and this prohibition and restraint
are likewise laid and decreed on all
and every one of the heirs and relatives
pf the Sovereign. And if this prohibition
84
The Ministers
and the Supporters
of the
Country may not
cede the country
to another
State.
The Sovereign
wishing to
resign his
throne.
Mode of procedure
in the
case of the '·
Sovereign
wishing to
resign the
throne.
and restraint be resisted, or an attempt
made to resist them, by the Sovereign himself,
he shall be treated as guilty of
betraying the trust reposed in him by God,
in which case the people of the country
shall be under no obligation to cont~nue
any longer their allegiance to him; and
if by a relative .of the Sovereign, he
shall be considered to have committed high
treason against the Sovereign and the
State, and shall be liable to any punishment
which it may be deemed proper to
award.
XVI. The Ministers and the Supporters of
the Country likewise may not in any manner
negotiate or make any agreement with any
European or other Power or State with a
view of ceding the country and State of
Johore. If they should transgress ·or
make any attempt to transgress against
· this prohibition and restra.int, they shall
be amenable to the penalty incurred by
persons guilty of high treason against the
Sovereign and the State, and all such
offenders may be punished with a punishment
suitable to their crime.
XVII. If the Sovereign, at any time during
his occupation of the throne, does not any
longer wish to be Ruler, and so desires to
abdicate and to relinquish his Royal rights
and powers, owing to any reason whatsoever,
reason which he may or may not be willing
to explain, he may give up and cease to
be Rul.er, with the right to reside wherever
he.chooses, either.in the Territory. of
Johore or in any country in a state of
amity and. not at war with the State of
Johore.
XVIII. If at the tim·e the Sovereign wishes
to abdicate and withdraw from his Sovereignty,
he is in his own country, the Royal
command in regard to and the token and
evidence of such act shall be made in
writing, sealed with the great Seal of
State, and signed with the sign manual of
85
Signatures ENGKU SULEIMAN (Engku and Dato Karabat)
JAAFAR BIN HAJI MOHAMED (Dato Mentri of Johore)
HAJI MOHAMED SALLEH (Dato and Hakim)
SEYYID SALIM BIN AHMAD AL-ATIAS (Dato and Mufti)
MOHAMED IBRAHIM BIN HA.JI ABDULLAH MUNSHI (Dato
Bintara Dalam)
MOHAMED SALLEH BIN PRANG (Dato Bintara Luar)
JAAFAR BIN NONG YAHYA (Dato Penggawa Timar)
ABDUL SAMAD BIN IBRAHIM (Dato Penggawa Barat)
MOHAMED YAHYA BIN AWAL-ED-DEEN (Dato)
HA.JI ABDUL RAHMAN (Dato and Kadhi)
ABDULLAH BIN TAHIR (Dato Sri Stia Raja)
YAHYA BIN SHAABAN (Dato)
ANDAK (Dato)
MOHAMED BIN MAHBOB (Dato)
ABDU'RAHMAN BIN ANDAK (Dato Sri Amar di-Raja)
FOOTNOTE
l. There are several translations of this Constitution.
This one, sent by the CO to J.A. Swettenham in 1900, is
the version furnished for the Johore Advisory Board, of
which J.A. Swettenham notes that it 11appears to differ
somewhat from the translation furnished to me from the
Malay original" (Singapore National Library: Governor
of Straits, Confidential Despatches of 1899, J.A.
Swettenham to CO of 14 D.ec. 1899 & CO Confidential
Despatches to Governor of the SS of 1900, J. Chamberlain
to J.A. Swettenham of 2 Mar. 1900). It may be presumed
that the British Government regarded this as an
"official II translation, since. it was a printed copy
(or so Swettenham said,· although the. copy he received
was typed); and it appears also to be accepted as the
official translation by the Government of Johore, since
it forms the basis of the modern translations of the
constitution, now highly emended, in the version published
(in both Malay, Jawi script, and English) by the
Johore Government, Johore Bahru, 1962, and in the version
which appears in Malayan Constitutional Documents,
2nd. ed., Vol.ii, Kuala Lumpur, 1962.
JOI
ANNEX MM 89
Indenture between Ibrahim, Sultan of Johore, and Sir James
Alexander Swettenham, Officer Administering the Government of
the Colony of the Straits Settlements, 6 October 1900
THIS Il-fDR,{TURE made the day
of
.Knight Cofumander o-t··the Mos_t n.i,~_ti-n:J;tilsh_e,d Order·.of Sa,i!lt
- .. : .'.-_~ .. .~:,. . . . -- :, . . . . ..- -· '•
·,•·,tt~etii_~lle:f;Oi-d~r-.-()~: :.S:~li)f:}J{c:);l~~:~:-\~~tt/s.,~~n:·~:.:/G~§re;-; .:·-the
, ' "Qf_,ffq·e _r:: :Admintst ~ r !-ne· -.th_e .,G'.o-itii rrii?i_~ n1t -pt- ;t'~ e·: -C~'lo:·~{· _ of ·1::r:e·-.
-C:st}::~i~, Set(l"e_i:nenb fb.r- :t»l' '◊R. h~¥.-if ·Q'f Jj~"r· -•r.=~}e~~i~•;·., the .
. th.e:· IoiiLt1d·. o'f Pul·ati. .?-i ::;a.ne - in.: th_e Sfrft-i t;iJ. of :If.a-l_acca ~o -~ --
and that the siid Government ~ho~ld b~ild and e~fe6ti~~ly
within a reaaonahle time tr.om the c-d.ate of GUCh cran t, or if
the ::;_aid Government n~glected proper .. !)'." to. keep and. me.in-a
taln :::mch lighthbu::ie when it wan built.
. . - . . ..,. :
·-li~eri ;fuMe ·:to 'tJv~: sa:f:d Go.vir:naje~f:~'~(\~~f.:-~i'-1:ie- ,o"f. t/h~-, 1s\~Jd':
....... :_ •,:::
:".·'•.
•]JghthoJtse·_ ahd:· f'oad~y·~. JPID .mi¢~~~~n:1:~·<1~i<~~~-a:{eht· -':th·a.t•·. :
c,on•aition s - b.¢i:e1 ha:f pe:r co_~t.:li;~~:~A:-;:·.•¥~}';_:~lt;~-7HI:μ:E!i~-~'/~~I•~ ·> ·
.~.,. ;; ~ -'··
·.,,.:.: ·-:·• .. ·. "';·
·,NE_BSETR tha:t_ .·1::1 •P-~T.9Utlrtc'e' iif t~~: :Ha.::1•-4\:~r:E!,emeri:t :a:nd' fn-'
._ f '-:·_· .. ~-~ ;_~: \;
.:cons14e,ra.,:ti:0)"1 ·o-f. the(.,pr:eitllr;e~ ·.'.~~N),cc:~":~f,~:,:·,~1trt:1-1j:r.:_,. f:iiTtan '
,~•-' ~. '
- · .... ·~·-. . .... : ~-,_. ·', ·._·, ~
--~. \<"; .~
·>·~.: ~/.-\--~~·= '-::} :. ~
Iziand" or' l?ul:iui. P_i:,:;_a,ne, in Ufe·:•.s:~ri,4;,;ti;-§i:,:iMalac:cil
. . .
g'rourn;l by boundary s-t:orie'n. and Bhel"tri' Q?L tl'1'e p:lrui. endcrsed
'. .. _.- ' '
·he re on and -also _the: roadway_ c onn¢_ct·'i!1.C -the ::; aid ·plot. ·of .
·land with. the beach· upon· the Wez:t Ilide -thereof the sai.d
roadway being of· urie:.ven width and niarkeli out by boundary
stones on the eround and shewn on the plan endorsed t;.er'ecn
through the whole length· there6f and co'ntain_ine by adme.
a::;urer.iP,.nt one acre and five poles ·and· al~o a lartdine
pl-ace contiguouo -to the beach marked _by boundary stones·
·t_aining by a,cun~a~ur'eme_~t .:,eventeeJ1 pole~ ·a:riit :,a:i.~~»:-a:,:f~a::.·
•,
.}?lan:, ~"r1dorsed .h~reon. "the wliol,e of ··?l.h-L~h_ piiJ _. 9f .l~_d ';roe.ii.'.:_
·, ;. '_~.. .
wro,,_:-:·!~d'.i~c· ~l;ac_e ~an4i:nB ~liuneii'ty_ ·~rtd· r,"~k:r.:<!'!mi~.p-r,¢w.fne.s : · - •~ \ • ._ • •• ~ • • • L • • •
,_ .. :_=_. ~. '~ .. .)~:. _ ..... ': ~ .,~_:,
.. '~t1:-)t~:~iriet1\~d:: jip9rt · the:::_·~.:r:~h en!fd•:~i:!d' :tip._J~~<:t:h~ri:e·:.:j)r_~~re/fii;,;:.·.
ft!ld: th~~· i" M1() \n'..¢<1 pJcplc ~ thi>r :,.;; th It~ iiJ:iJ,i,J,,., ,;,~J ·.. • .
:ou·t~y+:id}~n~ri .t(ep t ~f--up:o ~r');_he _o aj_-"d.: ppe:~f~."f ;~:- }W~;}~t(; -~:~,1; ./: ,. ·.
oin;ITTti~-- tlie. ,appur.tenances -:-thereo.:f a.rtd: -~al~b ·rvti· t iitr~·t ;~ri.d
. -<". :·-·
. -r .· ~ .- --~.
d~tt?/!·~i~--~i);t}_'.-~l), ·~ ·cJ"r9·le:\:m~k_e.d. ·in: Pi11~·.~fi;~ih/;:tW~>;i:~ri' •~.D~-:c . .::
-. ---< :_,-.·,_-·,_·; __ J~:'. ...• -
·. '.. : ~. .' _, •, _-._ . ~ ~ . ' .
;~_9·?~_~JJ/)ie.:rf#ii}- 'fO t ·tt1e pμrtt4~r- .. o,f- ~ "μt :t Iii'~ /~qf/~{;~pi:t1~r~\a~i _',
• I•-; .• • •. •.••
-~;~•_::::·/::~'.~\·\; \'.:,·"".·'· ,-
tri~_ng,.- a}l'• 'treen .· llnd hu.nh~!J_;•g'rqtiri~:R.: wl':t}!l-tl_ :·:fh·J,\\i~ld': .
·. :_, .....
way cilJ::,_-t:ructing the I:ir::ht ·or the. naid ·:1.1e;htho~~~ .. To _hola
all ar.d singular the oaid p_re·miseo pere.by· gr.~r.-te_d. Unto -Her_
Alffi the •::.aid Sir .Ttjmes Alexander Swe t tenhrur, d.o tr.
hereby for Her oald ~ajesty -H~r Heirs and S~cces~6rn
.covenant
covenant with Hi5 naid J-!iehnen_n Ibrahim, Su_ltan of ,Toh_o"r_e·, _
that the Gove'rnor of t:,e Strait:J Settle.mentn will' at all
-tJmeo hereafter keep and r::aintain_. the ~a-id .liE;htho\lbP. i,.
- ~-. -. -·, .
. :f.o.r 'the 4ccorruno&~t'tiQn ·or·_- tn~:,:_?i,*~W~~'.~3J,-.;~ef?_}1er-;;·?d:i-':μ:~r--~:~ ,. ·-,
a·_n·_ t· ...... · '•p·_. R·_ o _:_ •v· I_n· t.'T>_' .-__-_ ., m., .a;·'·,_1-.". ~'a ·v_ r. __. ·a.··r -_ld_ "fi.."e:·. -~ - . 'r ; .- ~.;.t· _- •. · ·._, ·, - -_ t ..h ·. -. ,· - .' .J- ,;.1_:1~··'-P: es,.,,~, _;i.-~re:._1;1p9n--,: P.-
-~ )'.- :,.: . :;
' • • I .·- ' ,.
g9od: order : and·· con~i ti on Bild ,p_riJp:ef:ry·:•~-~ll;:gJ~,d: · and worJc~d. ;,
-4ny. ·o··.ther. -~ur'po 3~ -wha.t·ever: <u,en-.--;t'·t,\*~itt.fl:··h~,< litKf•.;·1 :_'r_o_r_ i : '
·-·..:. ~ ; :' ~--- ·-~-- .• -7 ·-~-
enjoy t:rP. oarne· as -1.f ·thene p_re:1efl'.t:' h-ad not be~n execut.ecL·
IN WIT!n-:ss whereof the said partien · to these
pre~entn hava hereunto set their
and _year first above writ ten.
Sie;ned, sealed and·. d_e·li v~red
-~ . ~ --~··· ... az:· . ·' /'~·.:_~j
:,_.···:,:··
; j
! ________ ~ f"". -·-· _,. •---~ 0 ~- -----T~ --
dny
:,.. .
L
~-fi,,/7!- ,;B~'f-:: ~$ii,,
;~co/x~_ .120 f:-5: ._
./·· :t ---
·A~ r~-
0:' o-: I 7-
.,.-
--r-
-~·- ··i-
·:Y¼~~'i:4:~~~5~:L;~,:~;;z/)1;;•~-~-J~~:::
~•ct&f~<J?:••. '•_,
'~Si'~u_,y~ +Gr,,,, ~T_-
ANNEX MM 90
The Light-Houses Ordinance No. XVII of 1912 (Singapore)
ORDINANCE No. XVII or 1912.
AN Ordinance to repeal in part Indian Act No. -Xl J l of
1854 and make new provision for the maintenance of the
Light-houses of the Straits of l'vlalacca.
r23rd December, 1912.]
ARTHUR YOUNG,
Governor and Commander-in-Chief.
WHEREAS with the view of abolishing the tolls leviable
under the provisions of Indian Act No.- XIII of 1854
upon ships departing from or_ entering the ports harbours or
roadstcad~ of the Colony an arrangement has been made between
the Governments of the Federated Malay States and the Colony
\\"hereby the Gov~rnment of the Federated Malay States. has
agreed to contribute to the cost of maintaining the Straits lights.
And whereas it is expedient to abolish the said tolls.
It is hereby enacted by the Governor of the Straits Settlements
with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council
thereof as follo\\"s :-
1. This Ordinance may be cited as "The Light-Houses
Ordinance IC)I2,. and shall come into • force on the first day of
January, 1913.
2. I ndi,1n Act No. XII I of 1854 and "The Light Tolls Act
i\nu.:ndmcnt Ordinance 1910" arc hereby repealed save in so far
as the provisions of lndi~n :\ct No. XIII of 185-t relating to the
culledion of light dt1t,;s an.: made applicable for the collection of
light dues under "The Light Dues (Imperial) Ordin.:ince r882"
by ::.t:ction 5 of that O rdinancc for \\"hich purpose such prO\·isions
sh,d I remain in full force an·d cffec t.
3. The light-litiusc k uu,\ n ,ts tlie Horsburgh Light-house
sit u.1 tt: on the Isla 11t.l ff,c k ca lll-d Ped ra Branca n t t h1• cnste rn
eIItr;111n: of lbt.: '.:'>traits of ~i111;.1pore and all such uthcr lighth(,
u,;l':- as are now csta\,lj,.ched in or near to the Strails r,f
'.'d ,d.l1· .. tt 111" ~i 11;.;: 1 f" ,r·,~ t...,i:,: vt li (: t \\ i l h tlic a ppu rt (;!l;u ic..::5 I hcn.:ui
a1ul ;1II the fixtl,r,·s ;1pparatus ;rnd furniture h.el(lnging thereto
Preamble.
Short tide.
Repeal.
The Horsbur_,.;
h L,ght
hoLJse and
other ligh1-
h-c1u .... 1·:-::: :n
r,._~ lllJ.J I l '\"C;t_t
111 the G ,:,,,· ·
ernmr:.-nt.
102
'' The Straits
Lights."
Management,
control and
maintenance
of lighthouses.
Officer to be
appointed lo
collect light
dues under
Ord. VIll or
18SZ.
(XVII OF I912.] L1GHT-HOUSES.
shall remain the property of and be absolutely vested in th
Government.
4. The light maintained at the Horsburgh Light-house am
all such other lights or beacons as are now or shall hereafter b1
maintained by the Government in or near to the Straits o
Malacca or Singapore shall as heretofore be called u The Straiti
Lights.''
5.-(r) The management and control of the Horsburgl
Light-house 3:nd othe_r light-houses established in or near to th1
Straits- of Malacca or Singapore as aforesaid and of the Strait:
· Lights shall remain vested in and be maintained by tlH
Government.
(2) ·No tolls shall be paid ~or any of the Strn its Lights i r·
respect of any vessel entering or departing from a 11 y p1,rt
harbour or road stead of the Colom· ,, hether such n:-ssel !i·r 0
passed or would pass any of the said li.gbts or not hut nil ncccss.;i 1·_,
sums of money required to pay the cost of their mainknance .sh:il:
after taking into account the amount of any contribution p:1 id
towards such cost by the Gm·crnmcnt c,f th1..: Fcd-::r;"l.ttd \Ltl:i,
States be provided for out of the revenues of t l~c Colnny.
6. The Governor may appoint :rn ufhccr a.t t:ach nf t Ile:
Settleh1cnts to collect the I ig-h t d 11cs n·q II in ·rl M he r.()I lt:ctt-d i 11
the Colony hy th c provisions of "The Light D uc.s (l m per i; 1 h
Ordinance 188:::. ''
ANNEX MM 91
The Malayan Union Order in Council, No. 463 of 1946, preamble,
s.3
THE MALAYAN UNION
. '
The Malayan U!].ion Order· in Council, .1,.~
AT THE COURT AT BUCK!NGtIAM PALACE
. The 27th day of March, 1946
P:resc:ol
THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT lllAJESTY
. - IN .COUNCIL.
WHEREAS_ by ~e Foreign jurisdiction. Act,: 18go, it was, amongst other,,
things, enacted that it shou!d be lawful for His Majesty the Ki~g to hold,/
exercise and enjoy any jurisdiction which His Majesty then bad or might
at any time thereafter have within a foreign country in the same and as
ample a manner 3.5< if. His Maj~ty had acquired that jurisdiction by the
cession or conquest of territory: ·
- ·A,,.-o "wmREAs l-iis Majesty has full power and i1:1J"isdiction withi;r; the
Ma.lay States of Jobore, Kedah, Kelantan, Negri Sembilan; Pahang,
Perak, 1;' e.lis, 5.elangor and Trengganu (hereinafter referred to together as
'' the Malay S~tes "):
A.ND WHEREAS, by the Straits Settlements (Repeal) Act, 1946 (hereinaite,
called " the Act of ·1946 ") i_t is, amongst other things. enacted L'lat
'on such day as His Majesty may by Order irt Council appoint (in that
Act and in this Order referred to as " the appointed day ") the St:raits
Settlements Act, x866, shall be repealed and the Straits Settlements, that
is to say the settlements and dependencies mentioned in the Schedule to
the Act of 1946 (which comprise, among other settlements and dependencies,
the Settlement of Mal.acca and the Settlement of f'enang (including
province Wellesley) and the dependencies of the said settlements) shall
cease to be a single colony and that on and after the appointed day each
of the said settlements and dependencies shall be divided inio such tenitories
as His Majesty may by Order in Council direct and that those
territories shaU be governed either singly or in conjunction with such
other territories (whether falling within the Schedule to the Act of 1g46
or not) as may be specified in such Order and that such Qrder in Council
may contain such other and consequential provisions as are contained in
this. Order:
AND WHEREAS by the Act of 1946 it is further enacted that the British
Settlements Ac!$, x887 'and 1943, shall apply in relation lo each of the
te:rritories into which the said Settlements and dependencies are· divided
_ by Oeder under this Act as if it were a British settlement as so defined:
· AND WHEREAS by the Stnuts Settlements (Repea1) Order iD Council,
x94&, .it is provided that th~ appointed day shall be the first day of
April, 1946: .
~ WHEREAS it is expedient to make provision for. the administration,
on and after the appointed day, of the Malay States in conjunction with
the Settlement of Mala.cc.a and the Settlement of Penang and the depen-
4e~~ of the said Settlei:qe11t:s: · ·
Establish~
w.ent of
Malayan
Union.
GQvernor.
Powers of
GQvernor.
Publication
of
GQvernor's
Commission
a.nd taking
of oaths.
Succession
to Government.
4
J_ There shall be established a Union compnsmg the Malay States
and the Settlemeut of Malacca and the Settlement of Penang; to be
governed and administered together and to be known a,; the ;\falayan
Union.
PART II.
THE GOVERNOR AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
4. There shall be a Governor and Commander-in-Chief (hereinafter
called." ,he Governor ") in and over the Union, and appointments ro
the said office shall be madt: by Commission under His Majestv's Sign
Manual and Sign~t. · ·
5. The Governor is hereby empowe-red and commanded 10 do all
things that belong to his sa:id office in accordance with this Order and
such Commis?i?n as m:i.y be is~ued to him under His Maje.~ty's Sign
~anual and S1gne_t and ac~ordmg to s1:1ch I~structions as may from
tirnr to time be given to him under His :MaJesty's Sign M::i.nual and
Signet, or through a Secretary of State, and sech Orders in Council
and other Jaws as may from time to time be in force in the Union.
6. Every person appointed to fill the office of Governor shall, ~tore
er,tering on any of the duties -of his office, cause the Commission
appointing him to be Governor to be read and published at the seat
of Government, in the presence of the Chief Justice or, in his absence,
of some other Judge of the Supreme Court, and (if section 13 of this
Order is in force) of such Member:, of the Executive Co,mcil of the
Union a:, can conveniently attend; and shall t;,,ke before them the Oath
of Alleziance and t~e Oath for the due execution of the office of·
Govern;;-r in the forms set out in the.First Schedule to this Order, which
Oa fos the Chief Justice or such other J udg•c as afore5aid -shall ad minister_
7.-(1) Whenever the office of Governor becomes vacant, or the
Governor is absent from the Union, or the Govemor is from any cause
prevented from, or incapable of, perfonning the duties of his office, then
such perY.m as His Majesty may appoint under His Sign Manual aad
Signet or if there is no such person in the Union so appointed and
capable of discharging the duties of administration, the senior Member
of the Executive Council then in the Union and so capable. shall during
His :Majesty's pleasure, administer the Government of the Union, first
taking, in manner in this Order prescribed, the oaths directed by this.
Order to be taken by the Governor. Thereupon such person or Member
shall, subject, if he is 50 appointed as aforesaid, to the tenns of his
appointment, do, during His Majesty's pleasure, all things that belong
to the Office of Governor as provided in this Orde. :
Provided that the Governor or any other person or Member as afore
said shall not be regarded as absent from the Union or prevern:ed from
or incapable of perfonning the duties of his office for. the purposes of
this Order during his passage from one part of the Un~on. to anoth.er. or
during a visit to the Colony of Singapore or when ~ere 1s ~ _subs1stm.g
appointment of a Deputy under the next succeedmg section .of this
Order.
(2) Any such person as aforesaid shall not continue to _adminis!~.
the Government after the Governor or some other .per30n havmg a pnor
right to administer the same has notified him that he is about to u,urne
or resume the administration.
ANNEX MM 92
The Singapore Colony Order in Council, 1946 (UK), preamble, ss.
2,3
SINGAPORE.
The Singapore G.llooy Order in Council, 1946.
AT THE COURT AT BL"CKI~GHA:rl PALACE.
Tbe z7~1. day of '.\farch, 1946
Presea.t
THE KI:-;c·s '.\IO3T EXCELLE);T }L.\JESTY
I~ COL"~CIL
WKERE.-\S by t.1-ie Straits Settlement,. ( Repeal) Act, 1946 (hereinafter
r.;£erred. to as " the Act of 1946 "), it i,. ( among other things) pro•
-,,:ded-
(1) _ that on such day as Hi~ }fajesty may by Order in Council appoint
(lll the Act of 1946, and in thi; Order referred to as " the appointed
day ") the Strait.$ Settle:ne:its .-\ct, 1866, shall be repealed and the
Straits Settlements, that s :o 5-1 y the settlements and dependencies
mentioned in the Schedule ro the Act of 1946 (which include among
other settlements and dependencies, the Settlement of Singapore
and its dependencies the Cocos or Keeling Islands a.nd Christmas
Island) shall cease to be a single Colony.;
(2) tha.t on and after the appointed day the said settlements and
dependencies shall be divided into such territories as His Majesty
ma.y by Order in Council direct and tho:;e .territories shall be
governed, either singly or in conjunction with suc.h other territories
(whether falling within the Schedule to the Ad of r946 or not) as
may be specified in the Order a.nd that such Order in Council may
contain such consequential and other provi.sions as a.re contained
in this Order; and
(3) that the British Settlements Acts, r887 and r945. shall apply in
relation to each of the territories into which the said .settlements
and dependencies are divided by Order under this Act as if it were
a British settlement as so defined:
_.\..,,ro WHEREAS bv the Strait.;; Settlements (Repeal) Order in- Council.
r946, it is provided that the appointed day shall be the fmt day of
April. 1946.
--:_.:.ow. THEREFORE. Hi.s ~fajesty. by virtue and in exerci:.e of
the powers in that behalf by the Act of I946· and by the Briti.sh Settle•
ments Acts, 1887 and 1945, or otherwise in His Majesty vested, is
pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and
it is hereby ordered,_ as follows:-
P.>.RT L
PRELDH::-lARY.
1.---(I) This Order may be cited as the Singapore Colony Order in
Council, r946, and shall come into operation on the appointed day.
( 2) Sectiaa 13 and Parts IV and .V of this Order shall no~ come into
operation on the appointed_ d~y. ~ut shall come into opera?on on soch
day or days regpectively within.six months from the: appomt~ day as
may be fixed by the Governor -by Proclamation in the Gazette-; and the
Governor may fix different days for different purposes and different
provisions of that section and those P:.rts:
Short title
a.odCom•
mencement.
Inter•
pretation.
j
Provided also that the said period of six months may be extended
by the Governor, by Proclamation in the Gazette, for such further
period as may be appro\·ed by a Secretary of State.
2.-( I) In this 0:--der, unles.s the context otherwise requires.."
the Chief Jus.:;(e " means the Chief Justice of the Colony;
" the Colony " ::iea..,; the Co!cny of Singapore as constituted by
this Order:
" t.be e.xi;ti.'1.g la. ws " :nea:1; tb.e common law the doctrines of equity
and all .\ct; of Parlia:ne::t. Orders in Council, Ordinances of the
Legislature of the Colonv of cae Straits Settlements, Proclamations
issued _by the Go\·ernor d ::1e Straits Settlements, or by or under the
authonty of. the Supre:-:ae .-\!!:ed Commander South East Asia. (other
than the Pr~la.ma tions ,,.._,: 1 ')l: :;.\ing the British Military Administration
and delegahng power; ·.:.c:c.:c1der), and all Rules, Regulations and
By-laws- made thereu:-:.'.-.·: .nd all other enactments or instruments
having the force of ]3.·.v :-: :\e '.erritory comprising the Colony or in
any part thereof imrr.:-;.: ,:-:-.:,· prior to the appointed day, whether
the same were ad.mi.n::'.c:•:d :iy the British Military Administration
or not;
" the Gazette " ;ne:i.n; ::-:e Official Gazette of the Colony;
" the Governor " ;:: ·: J n 5 :..1-ie Governor and Commander-in-Chief
for the time being of r,e Co,0ny and includes any officer for the time
being administering the ;01·e:-nment thereof and. to the extent that a
Deputy to the Governor i;, authorised to act, that Deputy;
" the Governor in Cou::i.cJ " means the Governor acting after consultation
with, but aot neces;a.rily in accordance with the advice of
the Executive Council of r..1-ie Colony; not necessarily in such Council
ass-em bled; and, un ti! 5eec.ion r3 of this Order is in .operation, means
the Governor;
" ~[alayan Union Citizen " means a citizen of the Malayan Union
v.-ithin the meaning of any Order in Council which may provide for
Malayan Union citizenship.
" prescribed " means pre;cribed by any law made under this Order
or by regulation made by the Governor under section 50;
" property " includes all property movable or immovable, and all
estates, interests, eas-ements and rights whether equitable, or legal,
in, to or.out of property, and things in action and rights to revenue,
taxes, duties and other dues; and " vested " in relation to property
includes. rights to property which are contingent and rights in remainder
or reversion;
" the Public Seal " means th.e public seal of the Colony and includes
the official stamp mentioned in section 9 of this Order;
" session " means the ;ittings of the Legislative Council commencing
when the Council first meets after being constituted under this
Order, or after its prorogation or dissolution at any time, and terminating
when the Council is prorogued or is dissolved without having
been prorogued;
· " ~ Settlement of Singapore " means the Island of Singapore
and its dependencies, ·cb.rutmas Island, the Ox:os or Keeling Islands,
and all islands a.ad places which, Oil the fifteenth· day of February,
1942, we~ known and administered as part of such Settlement, and
the territorial ,waters adjacent thereto;
3
· · sittin_g " means any sittin~ or sittings ot tbt. Legislative Council
cornrnen~mg whe~ th_e <:ouncil fiGt meets after being swnmoned
at any time and ,errrunat:Lng when L'le C-Ouncil is adjourned sine die
or at the cooc\us10n of a· 5e..;_;i0n without adjournment: and
!' the Supreme Court " means the Supreme Court of tbe Colony.
{2) For the purposes of this Order, where reference is made to any
I:ublic officer by ~e tenn designating b.j office, such reference means
t.ne officer for the t .. rne being di5eaart.ng the functions of that office.
~3) For _the purpos.es of trus Order a per:,0ri. shall not be deemed to
ho1d an otnce of emolu...-r.ent under the Crown in the Colony by rea:.0n
only that he is in receipt of a pension or other like allowance in respect
of service under the Crown.
If it shall be declared by any law for the time being in force in th!!
Colony that an office shall not be an office of emolumeut under the
Crown in the Colony for all or any of the purposes of this Order, thk
Order-:;;.hall hava effect accordingly as if such law were enacted herein.
(-1-) The lnterpreta ciao Act, 1$S9, shall apply for the interpretation
of this Order as it applies for the interpretation of an Act of Parliament.
3. The Isla.ad of Singapore and its dependencies, the Cocos or Keeling
Islands and Christmas fsland sh.all be govertied and administered as a
separate Colony and shall be called the Colony of Singapore.
PART II.
THE GOVERNOR AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
4. There shall be a Governor and Commmder-io-Chief (hereinafter
called " the Governor ") in and over the Colony, and appointments to
the said office shall be made by Commission under His Majesty's Sign
.Manua1 and Signet.
5. The Governor is hereby empowered and commanded to do ail
thing5 that belong to his ;aid office in accordance with. this Order and
such Commission as may be issued to him under His Majesty's Sign
)[anual and Signet 1nd according to such. Instructions as may from
time to time be given to him under His Majesty's Sign Manual and
Signet, or through a Secretary of State, and such Orders in Council and
other laws as may from time to time be in force in the. Colony.
6. Every per.;on appointed to fill the office of Governor shall, before
entering ou any of the duties of his office, ca-use the Commission
appointing him to ,be Governor to be -read and published at the seat of
Government, in the presence of the Chief Justice or, in his absence,. of
some other Judge of the Supreme Court, ~d, if secti?Il 13 of this Order
is in force, of such members of the Executive Council of the Colony as
can conveniently attend; aud shall take before them the Oa.th of
Allegiance and the Oath for the due execution of the office of Governor
in the forms s.et out in the First Schedule to this Order, which Oaths the
Chief Justice or other Judge as aforesaid shall administer.
7.-(I) Whenever the office of Governor. is vacant or the G<ivemor
is absent from the Col-0ny_ or the Governor 1;5 from ~y cause prevented
from, or incapable of, perfo~g the dnb.~ o~ his o~e. then _such
person as His Majesty may app.:nnt under ~is Sign ?i_{artn3:l and Signet
or if there is no such person in the- Colony so appmnted and capable
· of discharging the duties of administration. the Senior Member of the
4834 A~
Singapore
to he a
separate
Colony.
Governor.
Powers of
Governor.
Publicatioo
of.
Governor's
Commission
and taking
of oaths.
Succession
to Govern•
ment.
ANNEX MM 93
Transfer of Powers and Interpretation Ordinance, 1946 (Malayan
Uni'on)
·a. 1t s. ·GENt,j T 1st A pn:t . . 1'946 .
. ·t;Qv~rnor .
. -ir'ts l;!RREBYltNACTEbby the Go;ernorofthe
3.Ialayan ·Union. in accordance with the provisions- of
sectio.h 85 ,·of the· iV.falayan Union· Order in Council,': .
1946,as·follows<- . ·. .
-,(~_17-.--.~fi;a..t,:~
PART. i:· . No .. .1 of 111ts) _:
PRELI1.fINARY. . .
· 1.. This Oti:liha.nc~. may b~ che4-··as:'tl).e ·Tra:o,~r~.r 01 Short tiUa
Powers ~i1cl -'Interpl'.'eta t ion- Ordin·ance ,,ii 946, and· s¥a11 ~:e~i~:~;iit.
come.int6' oper_a:tion on the first ·day _of April, 1946. .
2. II].. thi's tfrd.iii:ahce · a,rici 'in- every Ptoclam"atfon, as I!'terjmt~:
he1'einaftet-' d_e.fh1~d,::·an~- any 'order;itule ·or regulation· g~di~t!~t
made,'tu1de1; such 'Proclamation :·unless· there is SOID.e- Dllcl_Pri:lda;
· ·. · '. · · .. · · .· · • ·. ' -' · -· . . . .- . mahons . .
t-hirig repugnant' hi the ·sulJject or context or _unless it
is_-·otherwis_e .expr~ssly 1Jrovicl~d-
. ' 'Chiif'.: Giyff .. A:fiail;s Offl~et' ' .. IIJ.0?,IlS . the. ·pr~noip~l:
staff offi~_e_r :iii: chatg~, of. the Civ:il_ Affairs !Service
.during_·the prod'ima.tie>n, -periocl; · · ·
-- . '. '., .. '
·,_'Chief Legal'Oflicer·'' llleaiu! the G_hief Legal-Officer,
1Ialaya, <m:.the sta.ff of. the General Officer· Gonimand- ·
•i:ng Military,Force:\ Malaya, during tJie proclataatfon.
l)eriod · · · · ·
-, .·. '
2 No, 2 or ,1946:·
. "Civil, A!¥~1i,;s _Ser,\·i-c:e" memi~- .that p,ut· o{ H_i"s.
~'.latesty's. F~rGeS whicl_l; ·uurl'cr, ~μ~ ·:i11th.01~ity ~r the·
,;:::inp~ei7ie · Al)i.e~ - q~mmi~n.dei•, -'coii';:l~1t-tef: tl1e :·nr1~1tn ry
.:-1 dm1mstrt1tton of_. the C!nl_ popti!atton of !i.-i-alaya;
· . '.:' Cont1;0Her . of ,'F in,uice a1id .. AC'connt:~'- '. ineans ', the
· Coi1troller. ·of .I/i_nni.1ce. ,iJnJ _.\cc6μ)1ts, · M_al·Hia•;, __ iJn the
st'aff o(>tJJe- t:~-e.n~_rn.l. Offi¢e1· ·G61h1irnndin.g. l\filita:ry
Forces. ~fo:Jn.y:t;, th1ri:iJg: the ·proclamat.ion_perio~l_; _ --
·, ;Deptity. Chief·: Ci vi~L. At'iiflrs~_:_:()lffcef'; -· :rnea:ri,s :~_he'
officer -of . the:" ·C iviJ .¢:ff airs· S¢tv.icEf·. ;:ipp6ihted' tq: be, iUcharo-
e _ of -:the.:: rii.ilit}1ty .-i:i:"c:fotihl~traticni_, ·of•. the_ civj't
pdpttl;:itiq:n of the ~faJay P~nili~11ht d1.1rin·g.,t_he.-proc:lrt~
rnnticin period; · · -'· ·
_ - '_'.Deputy Coμti'1)1ler . df Finance· -.and. Accom)t::(
mea1is the officer 'Of the Qi vil ·Affairs Se).'vice· a.p.poin te.1 l,
-Deputy Gonth:iller ·of Fiirnnce: a:nd Accchmts, -}fa.lay
Peni~sula, during the proclamation-·J_)etio_d;··· · · _ .
- ';·pi;trict'' 1n:~an'sjinycu.1eof the-disttict~)-nt6 which .
the Malay Penip.sulri.::w:as 'from :.·ti1Jm: to.· -ti:1i1e · divided
. for the f:n.irpose{ of :thf 'British_ :~.filit~ry, -Administra-
·. tion,· Mala:ya·,-'chiriri'g- -the ·proe.lamutimi_ ·period; __ •
. . ' 'bis'tri_ct C~vil( Affairs· Qfficer ~ ~ rneai1s':: a.Ji ,-ofli'cer Of
the· Civil -4\.ffairs. Serv:ice· ·oarryi:iig · oi1t: d~i:ties_ · -in .the
Department, of--Milita.ry: Governmeil t . t)f:' the British
::\1iiitiitf i-\./dminfs{rit_tioJl, Malaya i Ill,' any -dis_tl' ict diir_- · -
ing the p_todaJ11Hfioh perio:~; . -- .
"Gazette"·11~~an,~ any-Gttz;tte .published by or under
the nnthority of the GoYernment of the Malayan Union:
. ·. ,_ ·.
_
1'-L~galOfficer:'' me:i11s<tbe officer of.the Civil .Affair$
.Service appointed· Legal- 'Officei',. -:Malay 1?1.minJrila,
during the: pr1iel am"rrtion _:period·;· .
''1falav Pe11l1i.srila'' ]llCilllS ]\.·fa]nya ex('l11di11g tl1e
Set-th~~eii t- of Sin g1i p6re ; - · · ·
-,. q _,,i:-1·. a· 1·a ya' "· 1'1 _··ck,.-J-tn• .s ~, '
. ,(r()".th~ S~tW~u1et1i .:cjf .8ingapore,· the Sett.lelllt'iH
of Peuring'" and" the Settlemcint of ::\fo:lt)i?L·n ..
all ··ns herei.ua:fter'defined; :'lH(l'
(b) the· :Malar>"S"t~tqf> ◊f--Perak; -Sehi1gor; -:N~~{-i
Seml;itfan,. Paharig, Johore:- Keel ah: Keln.n.
t~n-, ,;Tr~~gga,nu -·a.ii~·_, · Per li_s; -all. i$larn:'._8
.fqrmmg part.of such States and the· terr1-
t.n-r"i al wnt-er~ t.hereof: -
TRANSFER OF' PO\VERS AND lNTER'l?RETATION. 3 ' - - . - . . :
: 'Qihce/ ' Ill cans an V ·cm1m1i'ssio11ed officer of His
. ll~jesty-' s Fo_r~es and" ,:iny ci"vil1a.n ,tp~o_ii1ted -to: ant
post or appotnt111ent u11cfor -the Bnt~sh Mrht,rry
Administration tenable by a ·commissioned •officer diu·-
ing "the p1;o(?lnmation -perfod; - ·
. ' . . ' .
_. ''.'The: Or:der in:Councili,. mean~ the 1\ft:11:1.y~n Unioi1
01·der: in" Council,- 1946;: _ · ·
.. -,_,P~ticlam.a;ticni',.' 111eins an'y P"roclailia_tipn made by-or
ri.nder- .:the authority ~of the Supreme· -Allie'4 .Con1.:
__ mand~r - whfcli' -tefates to -. }\fol a ya . or - tO. the . l\tfalay.
PeuinStila:; · · ·
· ''proclamation period''· men ns the period or. a_ny pttrt ·.
thereof-_ between t_he -date u pan· wli ich · the 11ilitary.
Admini:stratiou Proelarncttion came into· force in the
-IIalay. Peniti~ula ()l' any part thereof· aAd· the co111-
mencement-·of this Ordinance; ·
. ''Reo-ion'_' nieailS rrny one of the r~gio1is into _Whic4'
the Maiay Peuinsnlo; was frorn 'time td ti1nc·dii.1:ided for
the pt1i·poseS. ._·:of".the British :.\J ~Ii tnyy . ;-\_dl:ll in i stration,
:;,\ifala.ya., during the pro"clam:it1011 perrod;
; ·s~nior Gfril-Affaii·s Officer;,' lllC,U1S an: officer· 17f ti1e .·
Civil :Aff:airs 's_ei·vice ·nppbinted to he i:n c'.htti'ge· 0£:-:·a:
Region diiring,the·procla.mati?n~_erio<;i·; -
' 'Settleme1tfof,1fwlucc~1.'' iriclud~s:the,Town and fort
·and Provii1~·0{-Malacci1,_ all i!3lauds_a.ntfp1a.ces hereto.,._
for~ ad 111 in istered · as p~rt cf the. Settlen_iellt of M"ala.cca
nnd alL British- waters adj_acent .~hereto; . . .' - ' ., ~ : - . ~ -
''Settle1:i1ei1t. --of ·Penang'.'. i;ncluq.es :Georgetown,. the
isl H nil' of -1 ~eun ng' ·. Prov:ipce Wellesley:. an o_· all is1 aild 8
!rnd .place::; heretofore -administered :1:c; part -of the
Settlement of Penang-ancr all:Briti:-:;h. w'ater:-=;:rr.c:l.iaC'ent
'thereto; .
. _ :' Settle1i1eut uf. Sing. 1. .por;: .. i,11clt1des t l1~-- tO\-Vll -..1 .nd
i~lnnd : of S-ingapore, a.11 other\ islarnli heretofore
, id mini stere.d· as 11 art o_f the -Set tlenie11 t /1f: . :-3 i 11 gap ore
,_:lml- i1l1 Briti~h ,ya.ters adjacen:t ther_et.n. !J!1t· _cl-oes not
incln:rle the Coeds Tsl~nds :and N{)l:th· K·e.~llllg Island;
. · "Supreme Aillecl _ Commander'1
, me"nrn· .arty officer
\Vh? ·w~s tl;1e Suprenie ~1.\Jli_ed qollllllancler.·~Sm~thEas~.
~-\:.sia, during the_ -period between. the loth · day -o:t
August,_ -1945; . and the. commencement of thiB
Ordjnance; .
4_ No ... 2 ·oF -1946,
' '\vri'tten Ja ,y' '-
'(a) in '-refo.tior1: to. the·- Fedetn-ted .. Malay-- St.aies -br
·any_ Kfi:rlay fJhi:te indhides<al,t'" Enidtttients
arid -~ll:: ·orders,~·ptocl~m:titib:hf .ttil¢s,_:- by~·
la\vs Aiid '.regd l~tions:· ( in.cl ildfug · Eni¢i'gency
-Regultitioul.} iiiade under. such Ena9tnjerits
by· a11y_·_bt1!clj'· or _jjers-Qil ·μaving _aritli~ri_tyhrJ.
d~:t: ·1l1iy st:atutory or-_other. ·eriactmerit_.,to·
m:ake,: __ the:_.same:_ for the -Federated:Malay_
§t~~es(·of any J\f11Tay 'state'.-as:the c~se<rnay
be'.; ·a;nrl _ · ·
{b) .fo ~e~t£1~:~~t t::: ._i1l\1:~~!11·r~~ti~!~H·:::06;~1~ '
n~iric~s "c&'·tQe:_:Go1ony ·of 'ihe- ,Str~tti_. ~ettle:~ -
11,ient!i: -:and .·.an· :orders, procl~n:ui_ti:ons _i, tii_d _
-le.tfots pl,tte_rit ~11d all· rμles;_ by~_la:ws-.'.aμd,
regulations (including•: Defence_: Regnl'?,· ..
ti9ns)_made-unde~ snch Ort:Ii1}ance:s or ;q:_ii<i,e:r
•any.D:r:d.ef in eoimcil by, a.ny; ·body·or p·~tsbii -
h}itiμ:g ahthority, tm_der ·any_· ·s.t~tutor.y of
other enactment .. cm ·Order in.- Council to
ri'i"a:ke the :::~alJie :lfor-·tli:e ·said: .-_eofo_ny; ·
-re·:feren:c~s to~ the- B'ii~ish_. M1 titary Aq;niinistra"
tioi1 shall be .eorist:rued:as references: t6 the.
, Gb,·ernment- of the lfalaya:ii Union·; - ,1,1U·_ - - .. - - , - - _·_ ·-- - . ~lt~•1t r~f:!i!f!rie:t i1ttr~.1~;~n\Jni~!ttrued as.
.. . . . . . ~ererenceS': -to. a_ :Region· · shall be constr:iied : ~s
. · teferel).ces: to :tlie- State_ or States, or Settle-.
·m:en t :. or' -:Settl¢trt~i:i. ts-· or ariy · part thereof
-comprised in-_sucb Region;,_ - .
refererices to a Senior •ci~il Affairs Officer or
-the:.:Se_11for_ ··Cj,v_if Affairs ;C)ffit!er· of or in
·_charge· of ·'a. -:R,¢gion· -~hall-be -c_onstr_ued,. rur
references:to tfre Resident Commission~r: or. Resident: :Comm1ssioiiers ·0iri . adrniriist~a:tive'
:-~h~Iige:'i}I' t-1\~ St~~e.Ol~ St:#es :or 8ettlehient
·or'"Se"ttleilieiiPs .or•a.n}; pri.rt ·.thereof.:co14pri- ·~ecl_.fn s1tch-~egion{ •- . -- · ·
-~ef~rertces t~' the CiYil Affai;s: Police' Force Ol'
. to·- any- Officer -0~ ·-IneI_nber thereof i,htj.lf be_
construed: as references- ·to· --the ·Mafavan:
Union P·olice. Force. ·or· to an, Offi~er·· or· ~ember thereof as the ca~e niay be; - -
TIL\NSFER OF PO\V.ERq AND IXTEHPRETAT10);". 5
·. ' - '
1·e f ere11ces · to .1 :-:lt~.ff O flke.r. :.VIeci ·i c·al Officer ;)r·
Oflieer of the·}1ritish Militar~r--~ldministnt~
tion or of the-Civil Affairs S~i•vice shall bn·
<.\on~tnj,ed ".;is ·-~·eferences.' to the corresponding
· OfficeI" of the. Go\e·er11ment" of. the
~Ia.layt~n. _l~nion.
· PA1{1' "IT. ·
PROCLAlifATI ON b.
·3. (1) 1'he. ·Proclamations. set ont
Schedtl'.le -hereto:. are -hereby· cancelled
~pecified in the 1mrd column thereof ...
. \/,
in the Tbir_d C,ine:ellatiou
tl t ·. t .,rnd amend• to · 1e· ex .en ·,nent of
· ,·e,-t~.i,i :
P,ui:lama.
tions.
,(2) .. 'r°he Procfo:ma.tions,. set ont ill•·. the --Foμrth
Schedule ·hereto: are hereby amendec.Lto the ·.extent_ ahd v·
in the manner specified in the thi_rd columi1 ~hereof .. _
4._ All rufos, regulations:; orders, notice:s, a.ppo.int.,.
inents, forms andJicences.n1a<le or .issued under,any of
the. pr_o.v~sions. of . Proc:l~ations which are cancelJetl
by this Or,dinalice' are. her-~by revoked and ca~c.elled.
Cantelfal.i,:m
of ce1·ii1i1;
ml~,;. ~tc.
5~ ,N otwrthsta:nding-the·provisio11s of sfrb.::sectio11 (1) ).-lilita1~
of secti.cin 3 th~ jurisdiction :of Niilitary. Courts ·-to Cuui·t~.
continue and conclu~e J>toceedings ,vhich ·1av~ :·been
co,:iune.nced: aud.' f1.r'e - pendi»:g. hefdre. ·th~m · at the
.comi1iencemet1t of· this O.rdinmice ·in. nccordance>vtith·
the provisions; of- sec~icm. q1 of , the. 1{aiayap·/Onio11
-Ot·der- · in CounciL 1H46: sfo.111 _ be · exercised, in
l;U1iforri1ity with: the-,law '.(incli1clhig- the· provisions of·.
11 ny, Prcicla.1riti.tion) in, force-· at· the piac"e ~1here· and ~he,_·
time when·· the ·offence :wa~. com1nitted and in accor-.:(
fance; ~s ·nearly asnrnyJ)e, with the prqced~u•e.iu f_oree
in ::-;uch ,!\filita~-y- .Coi1rts .:i1iunecliately :prior ,to the
coui'menee111ent uf this :Qr,d-inance ...
f:i>. (i} 'The duti~s,: ~ig11fs ,b'ld pqwers ·whh:h 'b),_ any Transf_cr .
Ptoclania'tion were {)I' are: vested in ·01; conferred··u1')oiT •)~ dune.~, . . . . . _ . . ·. ·. . . . •. _ . · . - . . 11gbts aml _ _ , a~y. Authority n1:ention~d . m_ the fir:st coln~nn ·o f t~e _t> o,vers m'.d~~ •
First Schedule hereto. sh.an be deemed·- to he VB$ted rn 1iti1~~ama' 5,, ~
or conferred t~pori the correspondii1g offi'cer·· or officer_s f,k..GJi{~:Ss,
. l' "77' 1
' ' -~
"G...N. 111$ . ,. ' •_ .4.,... ....,
~-,~~~,, - "Cfl.211<,/4'/,_J
s· No. 2 OF. -i-046.·
rnspectively rnenti1)11ed in t.J1e WL'Olld coJumn oftbe said
Schedule, subject_ h□-we.\·et<to auf rei;tr:ic:tions or_ m,oclifi-
11atfo1is· mentioned• in· the tliitd cohinin -of t:he.• sii.id
-.Scherlule. _ . - - - - . -
(2) In tlfts.Section ''.Authoritf' meai1s any p~l;SOii or
body of persons appointed ·or tiuth9rised · under any
I'tocla1m1_tfon_ or any rule; reg(1ln.tion:or.·order made
11:dder:anjr Proclamat:i()'n to_exerci:~-al~thoi"i ty 91" powers
or· to:·r·etfor-in · dnti_es therenn·cler. . · -
Malaynu ·7, The l\.foJriy 1'e1Jinsulri lTiiit of. the· Ch~if.'A1fifr8
~~t~ ·: (}I~d-aya) Police Foree ei:;ta,bii~l1kd-uiitler-'the prov.is"icni~
1'ol"ce.· ot_·'..sectio_,i .3 .. (if Jhe. Civil Affa1r·s-:(:Mala11,i) 0.l;'olice·- Force Pi"oclnmu- . _
tioll -No.· 16. -p l'ocfa:ma ti oi:i sha 1:l ,' upon. the. tetfuinatio11 of th~ Briti:s}1
Jfilitr~ry' .Adrniiristration in. -th~ 1fitJi.'ty · I;>enirisnb
Divisi01~; continue in being as:a sepa:ra:te·PoliceForce;.
s hiiU·be k ! lOYi'Tl 'llS the Af afos,au .u ni'on police Force; a1id
shall -he subject to a 11 the provisions' of the ·civil Aff a -irs
(.i.\Ial_aya.) · Poli_ce Forc·e· Proclamation refating · to- the
said' -Malm• Peninsula Unit. - •. 1.· ·, . .
oArr ir,licutiou 8 .. SubJ. ect to the l)rovisions of.· tion 15, the Inter- tl,e lnte.1·- . - d G 1 Cl .
p1·e.t.iUoi1_ pretat1011 an . enera . ,: a1:1' .. · Eria.ctment of the
Cl~~-t~!_leral. Federate<:1 Ma_lay· State~·: _sh ',:·apply __ ~()_:rroclamations
E11actmtnt. and ·to ail.y __ orders, ·ru) . ( -regulations ·made tliere..:. :;:nS:.~~a• .m 1det--· aJ?:d: ·to.. _t~1.e)_n ·. . '"fefatio:n· 'th~:reo~_: _a~· it -a P_Blies
. to _.t h~ i_n ter_pret ____ · n : of. any . wn ~:te11: . law · of. the
· -~• -_ Federated._lYlp, - -. :states, and for the pu:r:poses_ of the
said:: E:nac .. ht J?rocla:mations shall he 'd¢e111ed ·to··be
~nactro
E,ig-lisi: . -
text· tc, :
pr~vi,il.
J!rodflm~•
1-ic;u~·- to
vrevnil o,•e,·
'\\
1~-'ittrl1 .. fo'-y.
. -9 .. In"ct1::Se of:any-confliet qr· disc-repandy-betwe~n th~
English·,text 9fa Proclanu1:tion:or. of any hi.le. -order-or
r_egulation·,1:iiade under .a: Procln.inatio11 and any_trans-·
lat.ion thereof., the English _text shalJ prevail.:
' lO ..- _.\Yhe1;e the·1·e' -.i s · an\0• ~oriflic t or "incorisistenc~..-'
betu;een the _pr01,:i_sions of any-w1}~t:e11 la'<',,...:... . ..
(ci) of-anyMalay-Sta:te or of ·the Fedei·.lted Malay
. : · -States, or - . · · · ·
(b) as regards -_the Se~~l~m.~ut~· °.f ·p~nang aml
·- ~.falacca; of the :::itra1ts :Se_ttleme11t::., .. - ' . - ' - - ·•.', . . ' - .
. and· the provision of any Procla_inatfon_ of, of any· n11e,
o:r:d13r or· iegu,lation. made uii(ler_ tt Proclamation, the
pro:visions of the fatter sh.ill prevail. ·.
~~ 4~~ ( Su· M.~ 6rJ.i»iw-CL Mo.1_•cf-11·_~i)
P~\-l{T II_I.
\VRI't:f.'f~N LA·\f,
'. 11. w J:1erein any \Yl'ltleri ,1;Ll\.: aI :refefonce. is made·. l\l<"lliling of
to the Gover11or 'inbonm;fi S.l~c1. ef_~rence shall he-con~. g~:::~~:~:: 1;;:d
strued'. as-~~ reforem.:0 to- th 'oyernor·in' Cotu1cil" as Coimcil.
deli.net( in -Pn-i't·-·TV : ·- ·
. .·• . . . ' ' . '' ;,)(-' ' ' .
. Provide(_l .that dn 0:- ifah_ts:'.'°·dilties .amf powers.· 0on.
f_~•r:t·~d_b;Y:ft~i-~t1_·, :irritre1r hi_~Y ypon--p~e;_Go,·~riior.in
C ounc11 may. nt1l.:th e _cons ti tu ti on of an Ex.ecn t1 Ye
L:oim'cil ·ro·: )ie .Miih1fah-.lh1iou; be exerdsed -bj1 the
< iov;ernor. ·- · · · ·
12.- ;.W]2,er~ in_": aiI} '.,ci;itteli law the title ot riajne of .-\m~,;dm~,;t
ciffice mentioned· in the- ffrst colwnn of the Second' of titles.
Schedtlie J1ereto is used . · there. shali be Substituted for -
iud1 -t"itle or 11atne of 'office'·the title" or na.m~ of office
inentionecl opposite it iu the se·concl colnmn o:f tbe 8~.icl
_ : 8cheqt1le. · _ -
PART' IV:
·o&DlNANCES .
.-13'. ~·In this : Part -and in e:verv O :inance and- De/initioos.' -
Enact.merit. ris 'hereinafter· ·defined·-in · :in-·all orders.
prociahiatiori?,.:r~}Jes·; 'p{la.vs- _a_nd--r' gulat1ons :made
ti.ndet: anv si1ch- Ordinance-·and· Ena ent unless there
fa -someth)ng._ yepug:ga.t1t in the· s\1b:· .. t "Or context--
·. . " , . ' - -- ... · . - ..
, '.'-Enactment'·• 111ea.11s· aitv la enil.cted ·mid.er the
proyis1pn:/ o:f'" the.- _Order·· i.11 · .,o~mcil :·dther than an
Oi·dinance· . . - . . . '. , ·. ;~.-
_,tGover;llH'.' me'ans' th' . Go\'ei·nor o'f. the Mala ran
_l"'"uion ~,ntl_ inqlhdes·· tl _ officer for:_ the -time -b~i11g
iidniiniste1·ing the crov · ·urn:~nt.· of- the l-i.fo.layan Union,
and .also· irid udes the G ovehior' s ,Depn:t y exerci~i ug any
function :n,hich, th Governor has appojnted · him, to
exercise'•ttnder se i~n1 8 ·of tlie· Order iri _Coim_cil_: -
. ''Governor · .ri _ Coimcil'"' m·eans . .the-· Go"·ernor· in
Executive C uncil; ·
means -the G~vel:nmeut of· th~
8 N 0. 2 ·()F 194:lt
''Officer Aci'ministering-the Gave 1ment'. ~- ·me~uis tli~
officer who succeeds to- oi· is a:ppoh ed. to the ·administration
of the Government of th -~Iall:!,ytm Union· it1
iiccordanre with section: 7 of the- rder in Council;' . .. ' ' ... ,· - . - •.. '
. . ''Oi·~linri11ce'' .mea1is -a11 Ordii iuu:e made= tincle11 the
Ordei .in "Coμ.nci1 hy, ·the (_ioveh r 9~; qy the . Gbvernot
with the, acl.vice artcl coi;isen-t o~ . eLegislafrre Council of the l\fa.layirn ·Uuion ;· --
'',Malaya~i-Uilioi1'! ·niem1:=.. th · :M'.tllayan Uni011.c:onsti-
-t.llted. under.-tl1e Order of -Hi:'. ~I_aj~sty in Cmrncil;
!~!ig~~tl'}te:tEf°tJ,tii :~p}~tlti6i' &~i1 di:";:t~i
the Straits' Settlements~-- ·
8
-
0s:~1~t~;:~tllWtft?t0 ;i~!t\t~r:?i~t~~1t:~~!~t .
sion:,:India;. abet;;:a'_iil'tal, -Chapter, Pait, ,Section:;
S6hed1.1le'; _. cqn~men· '.~m.ent, . i11~0:v~~ble· property, ·
-5f3:s~:r,-- inp~th, . . oveal?le-propertx,·-_·p~rson, .. ,pre- ·
scribed,. regrste_re: , regul~t1ons, sh:1p, sign, va)ue. ·
will. -- - -
Ap1,licution · 14. Paits 11' IJ::-> .. Iv,- V, \rr_ and VII \jf,the.IIit~r..,
·;t)·~f;o~tter• l)tetatio-ri' 0.f?iria:·, . ~-- :of'.l~e Straifa' Setpen1dnts- s~all
·01:diririnc_e of. apply tq .Oi:d1n~:p: es.·ofthe.-¥,tl~y'an' U1iiOIJ D.Jld to-the
~~~11~~~:~
11:.. i1:1,terpretatitn~ _t_ ,eiedf • with··• th~-_ follCJiying __ · modificn,t10n::;.-
·. '
(a} -S~t:tioll'l:·6f:'tl1e ·said' Oi.;dinance shall be- ¢on~ · ~$. --~tr'_t' _d,a~,fhdt,1ijh the fu-st rtine-words £here-
.of.-: e:re- deletea · . ... , ··- .-- . .- , ..
(b).' refer nces.--·in' the.·~.said o;dinance to ''.this
· ·. · 16:ny'' or -' "the, Go tony'.': s4a:ll he construed ·
_cs ref~reiices tq·the ¥alayan.Uui01:1; and
}entes ·fo' tlie•:C_olopial-s~cretaty' s_ball .be·
-··eortsti;tted' iis referenGes t6 the -Chief S.ecre-
. t.11ry:
___._. _-~---
l~A-RT \7 .:
G ENl~R.A.L.
Meai1i11~ of _ 1 .• No:twithst~nclii:ig anything co~1tiiII_ed in- the· II1- ~·;;_?0rt · ter eta tr.on Of dm_ailce of the Straits. Settle.men t:s or i 11.. _
, ''iri1~ort'.' • the Interpretation and- Ge,Iierar ·ciauses _· Enactment of
TRANSFER (iF POWERS AND lN'.l'EHI'i. tT:('l'HJ~: _ !;)
r.he Federated i\r'afay States_ or in n · : si niil ar .E1ia.o..:t~
mei~t .. of any Mal~y State in_' all .c' _y1•itte1r h1W1:3 .ri1.J_
Proclamations having effect/in t_ ,··:}fala.y' Pei"lii:l_S.llli\
1mless th_e con_t~xt otherwise:·.regu·_ es~~:- __ -- -- - . ·
_.. ''export'' with,its.grammat· .-.:i.l-- Y,li;i;-1tio1B _.{r!'d·'l;ug·iiat~
_exptessions shall _mean to ,'ak~ ·<?r ca use- ti\-be ta ken
out of £he 1fa.lay.. : Penrnsula l · land, -sea or air; · _- •-· : ' - . ·- . -,·. ' ..
'•'·, ''. i111poi;~_•) _y,tt11 ·i-t.s: i)':t·afr' )i1.1:tidtl \;ai'iati ()l]S ll I.ltl erjg~ .
li,ite_,-~xpres~ions ·slial1_ : . an tlJ brilig.-or :('~1:use_ t9: he·
hi·~itght fr1to"ithe ~Li:la31 ~e1frn:5ala hir Hu1d; sea or: o-fr: _.
. ' .
-1~ •.. 'The ,Go,'eh1or rnay· Ly wrttingJ:lllcler his--harid" 1ld6w.-iion --,
i~1~r!:'t~;~.:1·;~;~ti1ti: b~<(;~:t~~~ a~lf ~~~(~;;;~~~l: i:6~~~1: L,y _n,,,·ei·,,ot:
.th_is-Ordina.riceOti:>··such person or r>ersons:as h_~ may in
his disc.retion think fit: - - - · · - - -- -
- ·~•P1'ovided·tha~·the Go,:·~n10r·111a.y_exercise ~:i1y"1;ights,
pmyefs and: ft1ncti911s :Vested" in: or.',CQH{~l'red Ul)Jlll hini.
· by this Ordinn.nce nqt,vithsta.ndih~r-tbe: ~lelegaJirm l)~' -
-,h_im 6£. such ·rigl\ts_, powers or ·-fnn~ttmJs;_··. · ·
-: 17:: '-'(l) W'hei·e·' no express, provisior1: is: inade ·ibi,· (le;i;i,:_"!' . '
. fhis-.·_ Ordina1ir.e· )ii_· .t.ha.t behalf rin31.·officer ,:of-,' llis• t.'.'Hllfft.er 'of
~iaj(\'sty's ___ Golouial --.Ser'vire _oi; any : coiiunissioned-' !_!}weu.
<:>:ffii;:er in His Majesty's_ ·Forces ·who is"-fcfr• t_l\e· time_
~eiilg>.required'_.bf or 1,mder ithe_:.ai:1thority .of_·,,the·
B~cr_etafy of Stfl.t~_.for: the_. Golonies)Jr. by ()I"Q.11der the
;1,11: f ~ptity of ·: t~~-. Goverp.or _. to pe_rfo_rn1'.: any .fw~ctions
_prenQusly_ performed_ . by· a:p. A_uthonty,.-under _ nny
writt¢n-l'aw or Piio_damatiort, shall'he_:-de,eii:i~d to. lrn,ve:
i:t111· may-• exercise Jtny ,fights f1:Iid J)O'Y~rs· _conf~rr¢d _by ..
that_·wntwn law_. or_-Pi•oclam~tton upon snch..;-\::uthonty •
which· m,ty. be necessary, to enable such offic-e-r: to Jj_er~ --
form.such fonctions. . - - - . - .
. ' . . .
· · :(2)- In ·tl~i~·secti'o1i.· .'-'Aitthority· '. ~11e:11ns;u1y_ perso1i l,ir.
body .. of . i)'13l'SOI1'S ·- {l,ppoi~1t_ed. or . a tit] ibl'iSfJfl n 1'1 cl er <I lt)'
written- law' or Ptochuila.tidu. to ·:exercit';e a.ntlrnritv. 01· ·
·powets- or_-perform duties thereunder. · -· - ...
. 18'. ·the Goveriioi· m~w by Hotification·-1n t:.l-ie:·Grizette v:,"~ialicii1 : .
fron\ tin'ie to t.ime add "to pr a.mend the prci,l-_isfons of(0~.:':'~t-:N·) _
the Schedules hereto or anv of them. · ~v "'- --. •' • . •I . ~
. 19. The:' f 1iterpretat_i6n Proclairiafiqn is
cancelled.
lO No: 2- bF H)46.
FfH.S'J'_ t;CHElJULE. :
. (St·/tio1l' u.)
--..---. --,- __ , ____ : _ ': ~,_;_ ·~ .. --~---~ ·--·------· - - ··-• - ·-
,\ uUwi·itics'.
Uem•t"iLL Officei· Ccni·1rnan:d~
h1g i\1jl it,;,-_v F,\rces,
_ JfalaJn
(;·1.>\"l•l'Il(>I',
CotJncil
Uhief.' _Ci vii Afti'ii·s ·Offi'c'c•1" 'Gu,'Nw.·,i·. Oiweruor i11
-C~iuneil
. '
Deputy Cl;i~_f 'Civil Aff~irs (::hief Sc·c·n~t:n-y·
Offic01·
~chiN Ci1·i! Alf~1;~~: ·01t"1ei,•1· Hcsident Cornrr1h.;si,,11('1" . . '
· . - - · Controller of 1''.i.nmic:e ti'nd l·'iliancii'nl Secretarv
-...,_G•. N~--~1?t.bl-..c · A. .~ o-u1- t~~ -- - - · · - · · ·. _ 14 , . .~ -- l•~ --~- 1'-..,-J-'!'_. . ... .J..- -_ D;_ ,....d ~; .o f;. . -. ., . .. . . U""h: ±-:wt.i-',
· -Clnd L _gnl Offi.cet." . ··: . A\.1;orney-C,en~ _ an d
-· . l'ublic l'rosecutcfr
Legnl Otfiee1· · At toi·ne y-G_cr\ernl' till Llic .
Prosecutor, - · Solici toi.·- :
Ueneral
l'resident · 0{ .. s:_ipei-i6t '. <l,lidge of Si.11u·erne Co1ii't··:
Coud;
l'1·esi0ing. Otlieel'_-: of. "Dis- Di,~trict .Judge -(C1;iminal)
. 'trict ·court. ' ' .. ' . ' .. .- ' . ' ' :
. - - '
He~tddim,s.
De_ptity Legal" Officer _- ... : Cro\~·n Courn;~l,;.:De~.: _-·. ~- GJL .-12t~ ~L j.-g".,tf'
I • -~~ D
'.Food· Uoi1tt-oli1•r - · - -.•.. Food ContwHh·· · ·
. ·, l'rice Cont.rdlJcr .. .- ';;_·; Pric~ ContL-ciller'
. :_~: ·:_. '. !pstoifou e;°i i;re,JiLt, ... -!'.Cw@~BQ~Ql1. ef ;g8sWt•/
'''
.,,,.._ :,_,·"o,QL.-_ -_A.:_ ,._ I.A: -. r~~ ~l ·,_·~_n_"~ -· .-:_w,._-~ .•i,,1_,--._-_ - __ - - _-_ _ , - • .. ·_·-~ _ ,~ - .-?•?· ti-:p.~- _-,~--t .!~ _·_·: •.
Commis~ioner foi• 'Itrind '. Com.1-riissiorior -fol" Road
'l' i•a nspor~ · . : Tl•hnspoi'.t --
Distt-ict: Co11h-ofrer of i Tiegistrr.r o-f Vehi_cle~ :Ro:a~ ri-ansport - · · ·
Assistant. R~gislrfi1-s· .· of : Hegi:;t,:a{:s of 90-opi~r:1. :
. Co,operntin Sociifl¢s th·e ·s0cfoties
()/ficet•' · Coufrn,;ridiug ·tlie,: Cornriii;;:;ir);l·e:r c::f ·J'oli1•c · \, -
3:fnl'av' T'eniusulri: · lfoit: -- · . ·. ·. ·, '
Civil·_ .Affai_11; (Mn foyn) I Ci ;. e p..{, . (£·C:';:..r> ' , 1 s I" _ ·
Police Force· . ' . ' ' ..... 'l .. . o._ . r,·_. . . I tJ Ll ~ ~
Spedn.LM~·gisti-llte_- , ::._I Disfri~~ ;J{1tl~~ \Ci·irnih,~l_);·! ~,.i .. :Jo~~-,
; l\fagisknte • · · ~7 ./
District ConttoH~r of \ ·
Houd Trnnsport ( ; Begistral' and i~&perto:/
. _ Heg-il?-t~•rir _of .Jr.o.t_or.:\ i -of'.M-oto1· Vehicles. . • . . . __ . ._· _,_ j. _ Vehicles_ . _ _ .. __ , '. _ _ , . L!..,:.t; ~ a:., \'.l
',~~:; --~~l,~:--i(~~.A_~~~- --· ~-~-~----~ stcii~
·. i l.4-,:· . . ' ' ' ~- .. ' ~-
'l'I_t.i.Ni-FEif OF .. 1'0\YEHS A.1.\'D INTEHP.HETA'l'HlN·. 11
r-rnco~D scriEI>l'LE.
( SectiOlf 12 .l
Authorities .
. F edeml Secretm·y
T-iesident
nesiclent C'onncillol', .l'_c11nhg · H (' ·s•i"tl t, 11 t
l'e1~ang
ltt'.8-iclent Comicil\or, l\falncd1 ... H l' i:i id e 11 t
:\htluec•H
·L'hlef: Just-ice, Stroit-s ·8ettlrc- Chier· ."Justice·
n1ents
At torney0 General,
SeHleoients- .
Uc, 1 i il 1; issi,)11 (•r;
C\,n, 111 is:~k,n e1· ..
::i1n·rtJVOr-Ue1l"eral of Ships, ' S:11rveyot-Ul'dernl ,,[ 8i1ips
. Straits Settl.ell)~nts
birect~l' of Medical .[ind ·Health; i)ir(:>doL' (,f 1·k•dical ."ancf"He.1lt-h
.. Services, s tra.its .. SetUemen ts . · Ki'irvied;
.Iuspector-Genel'fii ·of Pdlici;:_ ... ; {'owmissiouet _' qf
: . ~folaya_il U1uo1 I
l'cdice.
Director-Geuernl of rosts t111cl · t;o11ti:oll~r oI .Yosts rmd . 'l'ele-
'1,'el_egnpbs, -1\i~foy,1 graphs; Dire.c~-01: .of . Teh-- · - .
;.·_cn1i11~111:1icntio~<; 1k~ ~u;..:,.., .
Inspector of Pdsb11s:; ~ $traits ~;:~is1.~. ' . . I . (v.-'d/J. 710-.f3&-l-lt~
Settlements ·and_. Federnted : · · ·
lVIa.lay States .
Finai~c:inl . Ach-isr:,r .. ru1d 'l'1'en°
sm-er, ::Fcderntecl · ~1 n l a· y
. !:ilnte8
l)il'l~ctor : of Ap·ic~:itii.i·e, •~eek· Dit·_oct1,1:· of- Agr1ct"1lture ._
nited Mnlay States: ·-
Auditor,
States
·ments
Federated iH n I n V Auditor
nnd · Straits ,Set-t,Ji-
(v.G_NUfl . . 1'f'J ..
L
v.a.w.,2.no 41
lb:~.ll~ · f
12 Nn 2uF-lH4H
8ECLJ.ND tiOl--lED llLE-=---(tl)llf .).
( Sec ii,>! 1 1 ~)-'-(, :011 t.).
,\\ith 01.·ities.
J)ir,·etur of F,:,rnstry, Fedcr,ite1l-! Dii-ect,)r of. Forcsh·y
).[,day· ·Sta(l)s ·
Corn1.-ii.,;,:;ioui;ir ,(Police)_; :Fe<lei:a-: Co1in11issi<)lle1· of IioJice
h.•rl \Iii b_\"· Sh1tes
!Jin .. <:t<:,r -of Ihist!ci, I•'eclen1ted j°Diredor of Po;ts .
. ~ftilily t:itnh::,:; .-
-Bni-v,·1"1Ji-~(ie11e.(-a1,. l·'0de_n1,ted' "f:i',;rv,,,j•,.11:.;uene1-,il
.\ fn In,; 8t•:i tew. ;1 i I rl . s t-\·o.its ! . '
s<'.:rne,ut.;!lt.s .·' '
.. ·.; 'Resicien t. l'ornrni ~sioner
J)r~p_ut.r Co1im1isr;ion_er ;l n __ d. !! c~:owr_i_ Counsel; 1k.k_l1 ~ Re!>~
Legal .-\.d:viser: ' I .
1 .
_H:Hhoin }fastet, ,Sdangor. - , , .. :f~r;~i_;1_e.· S:upednteri,Jent, 'Assis;,
; .tnnL ~frn·i11e· Superintendent · U;,.J..,._ S~c ... .;__,fc.;:,--,j: .~ -; ~+~'1. ~~:~l- ·j~~~t-' "-G~i
" " • ' • •• ' .,~~ -• '~ a•~ 'i .•
~-u,i1ber
· d l'rocla--
n;:ition~·
A,
TRANSJ.'ER OF PO\VERS AND ['.\:T)rnPHETATlOX. : ·1.3°
THI.HD SCHEDUT,1::_
LScctio11. H (1).1
· Curre_ncy l'rodnmation
Looting l'roclumat1c,n .
Sections· 3, ( ;,, f\ rinil- 7 .,,t
'rlre whole -- ✓
The .whole: - . /_
2l -Spedul Cn1i1;t~ .Pf·odumatiou 'Dhe whole ✓
H7
43
·- 4-5".
"47
" ....
Section. 2·, suli~sfctions (2} and
(3). of section ·c m;d. --~ction ✓
4
. · Po\vers of Att.~~ne·v I'rocla:. The ;,hole . ./
_ ·mnti~n_· .:__ _ ·_ :~ . -+ ·;•+_ ·: ~ _; ;t "'~·k_,: .. . -__ _ · ... _ __
~ ~ ~ ~~ •1~ -i..rl;{i ✓
. -Clifnvil · 'iffriit~ Offi,;~;~· .Tl;twhol/ /· -
- (Vesting. of- iro\rei:s} Pro_- -. - -
· ela"rnntion, -- · · ·
. ..
14
?\r11ufwr
. ,A'i-rnc1,,·.
umliui, ..
.,[;1-.,,. r0· . :·). OF· .1 · n'-' 46- ·;
.FU 1: 1 t'J'H SL'HEr>r LE.
[8,(."eflou a:(ijJ' - . - ..
,, Tlie ?vlor1,tori1.11n ·V1·,:,eb- (lJ 'l'lll\ deth:iitfon of·' L~ei,l At1t,lH.1•
rhation, _ rit,_v" ln $€,etimi 2 i~ ,linendl'i't-
(a.) l.iy · il:ise1:t,ing .;iftei: _ the
wo~d_- _"i1:id\1~es·;. the:
\\·,'>rds. · '' tiny S t ~ .t· e
·Comlc.il, o{· -S.eUle11iellt
(:om:i'tiL ·i.'.oi1st.it1~_(ed · iii
the _ }i;fo hifnn '." Ui1io11, · ·,
mid_
· (b) by _ dek{iii"g .. the words
"tlHi, -:'.\Imi_iclpol . C:0fri."
rnissiouers of the Tow11
of -~ingnpore, ''. on<l tlie
'\~·oi-ds · "the Singnporc
J lllpwyeirie~t - , T1,;11:;t,
t-!ie · Singnpore Tfo.ihn;1~
Boarrl''.
(~) J!lin1grriph (a.). ,'if _slih-_secti,_.111 (2J
of see.tkm· His. t1111ei1cleq by· the:
1i"dc.litio1:i· t.luireto _ fr1.:imedii,tely
nfter .the wcfrds'·i,Loci'l·l A11ti~~
·1.:rty··: of thii \~'o_rds _,:;6r -111 i•cfot.
iou:- to the wincling-up:_of the
1iffoii-s · of· t-he. British · i\Iiiitiiry
•.\ dminis1.l'ii tlon' '.
ft) Sec;tion S fa ii.mended .by: ·s,ibstiblib
ll g ' for' the . words -.· "jS
1:~g:1-uls. any pint of t\lali1.\'a, •
th_e_,J)ep11t:y· Chi¢£ C1vil' Affairs
(1fti.(o,;,r, 1\-falay :PeninsiJh1, _ ns
regarrls auy part. of the. i\foluy
l'eninsnl~, Ol' the. ,DepiHy'
c~hii;f Ch·il -- Affoiur _- ()fl.foe1;,
'Sit1).!,1p,;1,i;, . ;1,:_: _regm·ol;;· flny
r;:-ii·i ,i{ H1<= Settleuitml: - .;Jf
ti ill g:1 put' t,." . ht llll)' - Q ffiCer .
ernprciwered· hy fmy ·of them"·
t.he .- \rnl'ds ·',:,i: any. off\eer
'" •. jlj L • _e111powe1'f'd lJy bnn .
· (4). ~;(:·r,tinn J.l is" • aii1ended b'y:
ddefoi,!t • tlit:, words "hy a
!\filitfll.•_v Court".
. TllANSFEH. OF POWERS .um lNTERPBETATION. · 15
FO UHTH . SCHEDULE-( c:01; t.) ..
. Xnml.ic,r·
ol l'l't11:la-
11uitin11. I
(Se:ctifJ1~ 3 (l)]:-(c·,mt.),
~l1111't Tit.Ir..
(:j .Y The S1ii>ply ·.of Food- ·(l) ~ectirin .4 is n111pndecl-by substi- ·
, ,,, 1 •
. _•i1:-:., ot_- .._
. c,k,..w , _, ..... ,.
/4, .• -.•
· .. 1 ro·
J-1(, ··•
16
~11111ber
11f l'.~r-l~ninti(
11::
:.o_. .Pliblic
No. 2 OF 1946.
FOli_RTH SCHEOULE~(c-011t;).
t Seel ion_ 3 (l; 1--(cont.).
· ~hort 'l'id,,:
Order n n d
Safety· rroclnmnti~n
1~01· sui.,-scetiC>n (l) · of $ertic,n 5- n
. new sub-section sh,ill l,e SIi Lsti~
t-nted U5 follo~vs: ·
. (1) Any pe1:sou .w.lio acquir~sby.
gift, pmchnse· 01· e;-:cfinnge;
01• wrbngfuJl5,
receives 01· !ins ·in .liis
poss·e~sfo11 or l~eepii1:; nuy
.article' 6f "i'i[i"Jit-nry equipmcqt,
clothii:ig, mtio1is oi·
stores, ck any otlier property
belonging to ·01" of ;l
type or pnttei-n issued· to
the. Forces shall on conviction
he punisliri.hle with.
rigorous imprisonment for ..
u term · uol; · cxcee~lii:i°g
hro-.yenrs,01· -wi_tu fine or
wit.1.1· both s1ich irnprisonment
.nnd fine.
5li The Venereal Disease.s S~ctic,n fl is .. nme11de.cl l>y substi1;u-
"
. Proclmnntion ting· t_lie woi-cl '' :ireii · · for·· the._
words "_rngion·, :irens thereof or
pln~es tl!c•i·cin.'.
S~ctioi"f ;i is amended by subst-it.ul'.
ting tlie word ''area·' for the
·words "region nrN1 01· plHc_e, as
the cn_semity be'·.
Sectfou 8 is :ililendecl by suhstitu~
ting. the · ~1•01;cl "nrea.' for the
. words "region, nrea or pbce·" .
... · .sta-r l>~~ P+o~\..-J~ ... _,1w. f-«~1· ~ ~-~~ :. . . . •··•• .wl,r . r 11
. (A),l.a.,i-c;~ ~t,..l/Jt,2•_.,.
Jl}I~.
. KL\LA f,l'~ll'L:1::
L'R1str.J> .\T mt: )t.u.,u:-. Us10:. Go,'r.ns11isr .. rnt:.,;, sr It. !P,u .. cw.
(:~o·vr.r.SI-IHST- l'R-lnEi:: . ::::Oi4-2C~S-4.-46. Price: 5~ de. or· b. ·2..'.
ANNEX MM 94
Transfer of Powers and Interpretation Amendment Ordinance No.
11, 1948 (Federation of Malaya)
No. 11 of 1948
TRANSFER OF POWERS AND INTERPRETATION (AMENDMENT).
No. 11 of 1948.
N2.'d~~;nm6,TRANSFER OF POWERS AND INTERPRETATIO~ H~~rn::: (AMENDMENT).
Date of
commencement.
Short title.
Amendment
of ·
section 2.
Amendment
of
~ection 10.
Amendment
of
section 12.
An Ordinance to amel'1d the Transfer of Powers and
Interpretation .Ordinance, 1946 (No. 2 of 1946).
[ Section 4 (a)-20th September, 1948;
Remainder-25th March, 1948'.]. ·
1.-(1) This Ordinance may be cited as the Transfer
of Powers and Interpretation (Amendment) Ordinance,
1948, and shall be constnied as one with the Transfer of
Powers and Interpretation Ordinance, 1946, hereinafter
referred to as the Principal Ordinance.
(2) The provisions of sections 2 and 3 of this Ordinance
shall have effect.and shall be deemed at all times to have
Lael effect on a~cl from the 1st day of April, 1946.
2. Section 2 of the Principal Ordinance is hereby.
amended by deleting therefrom the sentence-
"references to Malaya shall be construed as
references t6 the Colony of Singapore;·".
3. Section 10 of the Principal Ordinance is hereby
amended by re-numbering the said section as "10.-(1)"
and adding thereto the following new sub-section-
"(2) Where in any written law any reference is
made to the Legislative Council any rights, duties
and powers conferred by any such written law on
the Legislative Council, shall, until the Legislative
Councff for the Colony of Si:i;igapore •is constituted,
be exercised by the Advisory Council.".
4. Section 12 of the Principal Ordinance is hereby
amenclecl-
(a) by deleting f~·om paragraph (a) thereof the
definition of "Colony" and substituting
therefor the following definition-
" "Colony" inclucles the Island of Singapore
anrl its dependencies, the Cocos
:30
No. 11 of 1948
TRANSFE.R OF POWERS AND INTERPRETATION (AMENDMENT).
or Keelin·g Islands, Christmas
Island, and all British and territorial
waters adjacent thereto.";
[Ordinance No. 23 of 19.48.J
and
(b) by deleting therefrom paragraphs (b) and (c)
and substituting therefor the following nevl
parag_raphs-
" ( b) the following definitions shall be inserted-
"Federation of Malaya" means the
Federation of. Malaya established
under the provisions of the Federation
of Malaya Order in Council, 1948, and
of the Federation of Malaya Agreement
entered into between•His Majesty and
the Rulers of the Malay States on the
21st day of January, 1948;
."Malay States" means the States of Johore,
Pahang, Negri Sembilan, Selangor,
Perak, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and
Trengganu and all · dependencies,
islands and places which, on the 1st
day of December, 1941, were administered
as part thereof, and the
territorial. waters adjacent thereto;
"Malayan Union" means the Malayan
Union constituted under the Malayan
Union Order in Council, 1946;
(c) for the definition of Malay State there shall'be
substituted the following definition-
, 'Malay State'' nieans ·such one of the
Malay States a.s the circumstances may
require and i~cludes :all dependencies,
islands and places· which, on the 1st
day of December, 1941, were admin-.
istered as part thereof, and the
territorial waters adjacent thereto;
{d) references to the Colony of the Straits Settlements
·or the Settlement of Singapore shall be
canst.rued as references to the Colony;
31
- ~-----------------------------------
N.o. li of 1948
TRANSFER OF POWERS AND INTERPRETATIO~ (AMENDMENT).
references to the Federated Malay States shall
be construed as references to the States of
Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and
Selangor;
references to the Governor of the Malavan
Union shall from and after the 1st da\; of
February, 1948, be construed as references to
the High Commissioner of the Federation of
Malaya; ·
references to the Malayan Union shall from
and after the 1st day of February, 1948, be
construed as references to the Federation of
Malaya or the territories comprised therein,
as the case may require;
references to the Chief Justice or to any court,
judge or magistrate of the Malayan Union or
of the Federated Malay States or of any of tlle
Malay States shall from and after the 1st day
of February, 1948, be construed as references.
to the 9hief Justice. o;r to the corresponding
court, Judge or magistrate of the Fecieration
of Malaya or of a Malay State as the case may
require;
references to any officer of, or authority or Lody
constituted in or for, the Federated Malay
States, any Malay State or the Malayan
Union shall as and from the 1st day of
February, 1948, be construed as references to
the corresponding officer of, or authority or
body constituted in or for, the Federation of
Malaya or any MaMy State as the case may
require.".
32
ANNEX MM 95
The Curfew (Johore Straits) (Singapore) Order, 1948
No. S 204-Tm,: EssENTIAI. (SPECIAL E:-.IERGE~cv) RF.GVLATIONS,
1948.
THE Cl:RFE\:V (JU HORE STRAITS) (SINGAPORE) ORDER,
1948.
In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-regulation (1) of G.N. No.
regnlatiou 4 of the Essential (Special-Emergency) Regulations, 1948, S 177 I 48.
the Commissioner of Police hereby makes the fo1lo\ving Order: -
1. This Order m~\)' be cit"ecl ns tlie Curfew (Johore Straits)
(Singapore) Order, 1948.
2. No person shall be \\·ithin the area specified in the Schedule
hereto between the honrs of 6.30 P.M. and 6.30 A.:1L .nnless in possession
of a \vritten permit in that bt1half issnetl by a police officer of or above
the rank of Inspector.
3. Paragrapl, 2 of this Order shali not apply to any person
ordinarily resident in or on any fishi1ig stakes so long as that person
ts iu or on such fishing- stakes.
TF-IE SCHEDULE.
All that area lying within the boundary of the krritorial
waters of the Island of Singapore, that is, .within an imaginary
line tallowing the centre of the dc'.ep-water channel iu Johore
Strait between the .mainland of the State and territory of Johore
on· the one side and the northern shores of.the Islands of Singapore, ·
Pulau Ubin, Pulau Tekong Kechil and Pulau Tekong Besar on
the c;ither side_. vVhere, .if at alJ, the channel divides into hvu
portions of equal tlepth running· .side by side, the boundary shr.U
run midway between thes~ two portions·. At the western entrance
of Johore. Strait, the boundary, aft~i· passing t~irough the centre
of the deep-,vater channel eastward of Pulau M.eramboug, shall
proceed seaward in the general dir~ction of the axis of this chaune;.
produced, until it intersects the three-mile lim~t drawn from. th~
low-water mark of .the south coast of Pnlau i.VIerambong.
395
TH~i SCHEDULE-co11t.i1111ed.
At th_e Eastern entrance- of J o"hore Strait, the boundary shall
be held to pass. through the_ centre . of .the deep-water -channel
between the mainland of Johore, westward of Johore Hill, and
Pulau Tekong Besar, next through ~he centre of the qeep-water
channel betwee.111 Johore Shoal aIJ.d the maj,nlancl of Johore, southward
of Johore Hill, ·and finally-·t"urning .southward to intersect thcthree-
mile limit dra,rn -from. the::lo}(-wahir ll~ark of_ tht mainland or·
Johore in a position bearing 192 o·• from Tanjong Sitapa.
Dated at Singc1pore, this 21st day of July, 194S.
[Ko. 4318/ 48].
R. E. FOULGER,
Commissioner of Police
Singapore.
I
ANNEX MM 96
Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948 (extracts)
THE FEDERATION OF 1fALAYA
AGREEYIENT, 1948.
AGREE.:.\IE)iT DATED the twenty-first day of January,
1948, AND .:.\IADE BETWEEN Sm GERARD EDWARD
JAMES GENT, K.C.'.'rf.G., o.s.o., o.B.E., )LC., on behalf
of HIS MAJESTY and His Highness IBRAHnI ibni
Almarhum Sultan ABU B.-\KAR, o.K., S.P.)f.J., o.c.:i1.o.,
K.B.E. (~lil.), G.B.E., G.c.o.c. (I), Sultan of the State
and Territory of JOHORE. His Highness ABU BAK.AR
RI'AYATU'D-DIN AL-MUADZAM SHAH ibni Almarhum
ALMU'TASIM BI'LLAH ABDULLAH, K.c.M.o., Sultan of
the State of PAHANG, His Highness TUANKU ABDUL
RAHl\-IAN ibni Almarhum TUANKU MUHAMMAD, x.c.w.o.,
the Yang di-Pert.u:rn Besar, and the Ruling Chiefs of the
Territories which form the State known as the NEGRI
SEMBILAN, His Highness HISAMUDDIN ALAM SHAH ibni
Almarhum Sultan ALA-IDDIN SULAIMAN SHAH, x.c.M.o.,
Sultan of the State of SELANGOR, His Highness Paduka Sri
Sultan ABDUL AZIZ ALMU'TASIM BILLAH SHAH.
K.C.M.o., K.B.B., Sultan of the State of PERAK, Hie Highness
TUNKU BADLISHAH ibni Almarhum Sultan ABDUL HAMID
HALIMSHAH, K.c.M.o., K.B.E., Sultan of the State of KEDAH.
Hie Highness SYED PUTRA ibni Almarhum SYED HASSAN
J AMALULLAIL, the Raja of PERLIS, His Highne~11
TENGKU IBRAIDM ibni Ahnarhum Sultan MOHAMED IV,
D.K., s.P.M.X., s.J.M.x., c.M.0., Sultan of the State of
KELANTAN, and His Highness Sultan ISMAIL ibni Almarhum
Sultan ZAINAL ABIDIN, c.M.o., Sultan of the State of
TRENGGANU for Themselves and Their Successors:
WHEREAS it has been represented to His Majesty that fresh
arrangements should be made for the peace, order and good
government of the Malay States of Johore, Pe.hang, Negri
Sembilan, Selangor, Perak, Kedah, Perlia, Kelantan and
Trengganu, the Settlement of Penang and the Settlement of
Malacca:
AND WHEREAS His Majesty in token of the friendship He
bears towards Their Highnesses, the subjects of Their Highneesea,
and the inhabitants of the Malay States, is pleased to
make fresh arrangements as aforesaid to take effect on such day
as His Majesty may, by Order in Council, appoint (hereinafter
called ''th_tCappointed day''):
AND WHEREAS His Majesty has accordingly entered into a
fresh Agreement with each of Their Highnesses and in the case
of Negri Sembilan with His Highness the Yang di-Pertuan
Besar and the Ruling Chiefs (which Agreements are hereinafter
referred to together as "the State Agreements") for the purpose
of ensuring that power and jurisdiction shaU be exercised by
Their several Highnesses in their several States and it is in each
of such Agreements provided that it shall come into operation
on the appointed day:
Short. tltk
and commenc•
aaeut.
lnterprohUon.
2
AND WHEREAS it seems expedient to His Majesty and to
Their Highnesses that the Malay States, the Settlement of
J:>enang and the Settlement of Malncca should be formed into a
Federation with a strong central government and that there
should be a common form of citizenship in the said Federation
to be extended to all those. who regard the said Federation or
any part of it as their real home and the object of their loyalty:
AND WHERRAS it is the desire of His Majesty and Their
Highnesses that progress should be made towards eventual self•
government and, as a first step to that end, His Majesty and
Their Highnesses have agreed that, as soon as circumstances
and local conditions will permit, legislation should be introduced
for tbe election of members to the several legislatures to be
established pursuant to this Agreement:
Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed and declared as follows:
PART I.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FEDERATION.
1. (1) This Agreement may be cited as the Federation of
Malaya Agreement, 1948, and shall come into operation on the
appointed day:
Provided that Clauses 112 to 123 inclusive of this Agreement
shall have effect !n respect of the whole financial year
beginning on the first day of January, 1948, subject however to
any existing law making financial provision for the public service
for the year 1948 and subject to such modifications, if any, a11
may be prei;;cribed.
(2) The appointed day shall be notified in the Malayan
Union Government Gazette after- which the said Ga:1ette shall
cease to be published and there shall be published in its place
the Gaee tte of the ·Federation of Malaya.
2. (1) In this Agreement, unless the context otherwise
requiree-
"the Attorney-General'' means the Attorney-General for the
Federati<:>n referred to in Clause 84 of this Agreement;
"the Chief Justice" means the Chief Justice of the
Federation referred to in Clause 77 of this Agreement;
"Conference of Rulers" means the Majlis Raja Raja Negri
Melayu established by this Agreement;
"Constitution of the State" with reference to any State
means euch constitution as may have been enacted or granted
by the Ruler of that State either before the date of the execution
of this Agreement or after that date, whether before, on or
after the appointed day, and includes any amendment duly made
thereto;
"Cvuncil of State'' means the Majlis Meshuarat Negri of a
Malay State established pursuant to Clause 97 of this Agreement;
"the ~xisting laws" means the common law, doctrines of
equity and all Acts of Parliament, Orders in Council other than
the Malayan Union Order in Council, 1946, Enactments of the
Legislature of the Federated Malay States, Enactments of the
Legislature of any Malay State, Ordinances of the Legislature
of the Colony of the Straits Settlements, Ordinances of tbe
Malayan Upion, Proclamations issued by the High Comrrnssioeor
4
Provided that-
(a) in the case of a Regency in any Malay State the
expressions "Their Highnesses the Rulers" and
"His Highness the Ruler'' shall with respect to
that State be construed as references to the Regent
or such member of the Council of Regency as may
be assigned in accord:mce with Clause 68 of this
Agreement; and
(b) with respect to the State of Negri Sembilan, the
expression ''Their Highnesses the Rulers·' in the
proviso to Clause 3 and in sub-clause (3) of
Clause 6, Clause 8, sub-clause (1) of Clause 19,
Clauses 48 and 51, sub-clauses (1), (2), (5) and (6)
of Clause 54, sub-clauses (1) and (2) of Clause 55,
Clauses 56, 57, 61, 65, 66, sub-clause (6) of Clause
72, sub-clauses (1), (2) and (8) of Clause 76, subclause
(4) of Clause 77, sub-clause (1) of Clause 83,
sub-clause (1) of Clause 84, sub-clause (2) of
Clause 85, sub-clause (5) of Clause 158 .and
Clause 155, includes the Ruling Chiefs;
"Hokum Shara' " means the body of law known in English
as Muhammadan Law;
"laws made under this Agreement" include laws continued
under the provisions of Clause 135 of this Agreement;
"the Legislative Council" means the Legislative Council for
the Federation established by this Agreement;
"Malay State" means such one of the Malay States as the
circumstances may require and includes all dependencies, islands
a.nd places which, on the first day of .December, 1941, were
administered as part thereof, and the territorial waters adjacent
thereto;
"Malay States" means the States of Johore, Pe.hang, Negri
Sembilan, Selangor, Perak, Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and
Trengganu and all dependencies, islands and places which, on the
first day of December, 1941, were administered as part thereof,
and the territorial waters adjacent thereto;
"meeting" means any sitting or sittings of a Council
established by or pursuant to this Agreement commencing
when the Council first meets after being summoned at any time
and terminating when the Council is adjourned sine die or at the
conclusion of a session without adjournment;
"Mentri Besar" means the chief Minister and senior
executive officer in a Malay State;
"prescribed" means prescribed by or in pursuance of any
law, rule or regulation made under this Agreement;
"property" includes all property movable or immovable and
all estates, interests, easements and rights, w betber eq uita hie
or legal, in, to or out of property, and things in action and rights
to revenue, taxes, duties and other dues; and "vested'' in relation
to property includes rii;hte to property which are future or contingent
and rights in reveraion snd remainder;
.r,
"the Public Seal" means the Public Seal of the Federation
and includes the official stamp mentioned in sub-clause (2) of
Clause 12 of this Agreement;
"the Ruling Chiefs" means the persons who are for the time
being the Undang of Sungei Ujong, the Undang of Jelebu, the
Undang of Johal, the Undang of Rembau and the Tunku Besar
of Tampin;
"Secretary of State" means one of Hie Majesty's Principal
Secretaries of State;
"session" means the sittings of a Council· establiahed by
or pursuant to this Agreement commencing when the Council
first meets alter being so constituted or after its prorogation or
dissolution at any time, and terminating when the . Council is
prorogued or is dissolved without having been prorogued;
"Settlement Council" means the Council established for a
Settlement pureuant to the provisions of Clause 110 of thi1
Agreement;
"the Settlement of Penang" and "the Settlement of
Malacca" include all islands and places heretofore administered
as part of those Settlements and the territorial waten adjacent
thereto;
"the Settlements" means the Settlement of Penang and the
Settlement of Malacca; and "Settlement" means either of them
as the circumstances may require;
"State" means a Malay State;
''State Executive Council'" means the Council established
for a State pursuant to Clause 89 of this Agreement;
··state officer" means the holder of an office of emolument
under the Government of a State; ·
"the Supreme Court" means the Supreme Couri of the
Federation established by this Agreemep.t.
(2) Any reference to property vested in soy person or
authority shall be construed as including a reference to any
property in the possession or under the control, or held for the
benefit of that person or authority; and any direction that property_
■hall be vested in any person or authority shall likewise be
construed as a direction, BB the case may require; that the
possession or control of the property shall be transferred to, or
that the property shall be held for the bene_fit• of, thaii person or
authority.
(3) For the purposes of this Agreement, when reference is
made to a.Ruler of any Malay State or to any public officer by
the term designating his office, such reference means the ·Ruler
for the time being of the State concerned or the officer for the
time being lawfully discharging the functions of that office, as the
case may b3.
(4) (a) For the purposes of this Agreement, a person shall
not be deemed to hold an office of emolument under the Federal
Government by· reason only that he is in receipt of a pension or
other like allowance in respect of aenice- under the Federal
Government or the Government of a, f:tate or Settlement.
(b) If it shall be declared by the High Commisaioner by
notification published in the Ga.adtld that an office shall not be
an office of emolument under the Federal Government or any
State or Settlement Government for all or any purposes of this
Agreement, this Agreement shall have effect accordingly.
Establi.ti-nt
of l.ba
1'eden1.ioa o(
1111., •.
6
(5) Any reference in this Agreement to any Council eatablisbed
or constituted for any State by, pursuant to, or under this
Agreement shall be construed as including a reference to any
Council for any State corresponding to a Council so establiahed
or constituted for which provision is made in any State
Constitution granted before the appointed day.
(B) Except where the interpretation of any word· or expression
is expressly provided by this Agreement or where the · context
otherwise requires, the Interpretation Act, 1889, shall apply for
the interpretation of_ tbia Agreement ae it applies for the interpretation
of an Act of Parliament:
Provided that provision may be made · by Federal Ordinance
for the substitution in thia sub-clause for the reference to the
Interpretation Act, 1889, of a reference to any like Federal
Ordinance for the time being in force.
(7) Wherever /eneral words or expressions are used in any
item in the Secon -Schedule to this Agreement
(a) their generality shall not be restricted by the use, iu
the same item, of specific words or expreesiona; and
(b)· their construction shall not be restricted to thing,
dju1ddm gdneri• with other worda or expressions
used in the same item;
but each word or expression shall be construed in its usual sense.
3. There shall be established a Federation comprising the
Malay States, the Settlement of Penang and the Settlement of
Malacca, to be known as the Federation of Malaya, or in Malay
·:Persekutuan Tanah Melayu'':
Provided that Hi ■ Majesty and Their Highne11ea the Rulen.
reserve to themselves the power by mutual agreement from time -
to time to admit within the Federation any other territory or
territories if they shall see .fit.
Prot.ec:Uo• aad 4. His Majesty shall have complete control of the defence !~~-!, and of all the extarnal &ffaira of the Federation and undertakes to
Lb• Fedentto.. protect; the Malay States from external hoatile attacks and, for
thia and other similar purposes, His Majesty'a Forces and person_a
authoriaed by or on behalf of His Majesty's Government shall at
all timea be allowed free access to the _ Malay States and to
employ all necessary means of opposing such attacks.
~id.i·• d 5. Excepi a■ provided in Clauses 100 and 101 of. this c:.~n of t.b• Agreement, nothing in this Agreement (including the Schedule,
lbJaJL thereto) shall apply in any Malay State to matters relating to
the Muslim Religion or the Custom of the Malaya:
l'Oli'tf t.o
•mtad
FtdtraUon
J.rre.men~
Provided that provision may be made by Federal Ordinance
for enabling any Court of Justice to ascertain the Hukum Shara',
or the Custom of the Malays, concerning any matter before it.
6. (1) Thia Agreement, except the provl6lona thereof
mentioned in 1ub-clauae1 (2) and (8) of this clause, may, from
time to time, be amended by Federal Ordinance:
Provided that no Bill for the amendment of any of tha
provisions of this l.greement, except those of Part XIII thereof.
ihall be introduced into the Legislative Council without the prior
approval of Hit Majesty and the Conference of Ru.len.
37
( b) suspend the Standing Rules and Orders of the Council.
or any of them.
107. ( 1) The sessions of each Council of State shall be held
at such times and places as the Mentri Besar shall from time to
time appoint.
(2) There shall be a session of the Council once at least in
every year, so that a period of twelve months shall not intervene
between the last sitting in one session and the first sitting in the
next session.
108. Except for the purpose of enabling this clause to be
complied with, no Member shall sit or vote in any Council of State
until he shall, if a subject of His Highness the Ruler of that State,
have taken such Oath as may be prescribed in the Constitution
o"f the State and, in any other case, shall have taken the Oath
of Office for Members of a Council of State in the form set out in
the First Schedule to this Agreement. Such Oath shall be taken
and subscribed before the Mentri Besar or presiding Member of
the Council.
109. His Highness the Ruler of each Malay State declares
that He intends, in due course, to make provision for the election
of Members to the Council of State in his State.
PART X.
SETTLEMENTS.
110. (1) The Settlements shall, on and after the appointed
day, be administered in conjunction with the Malay States as
component parts of the Federation in conformity with the provisions
of this Agreement in such manner as His Majesty may, by
Order in Council, from time to time, prescribe.
(2) There shall Le a Settlement Council in each of the Settlements
constituted iu such manner and with such powers and
functions as His Majesty may, by Order in Council, from time
to time, prescribe.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this Agreement, the executive
authority of each Settlement shall extend to all mntters
save those set out in the first column of the Second Sche.;1.ule
to this Agreement:
Provided that ( except in so far as matters of policy common
to any two or more of the States and Settlements"are involved)
any law made under Clause 48 of this Agreement shall, to the
extent stated in the second column of the said Second Schedule,
confer executive authority on the Governments of the Settlements
or on specified bodies or· persons, in any matter set out in the
first column of the said Schedule.
PART XI.
FINANCIAL.
111. On and after the appointed day, the power to raise
loans and borrow monies for the purposes of the Federation or
any territories comprised therein shall be exercisable by the
Federal Government.
Ses&ic,n,i or
Council.
0-1th.
EJeetlon of
)!t:mber;.
Provision for
inclusion of
the Settle•
menLli in the
Federation
and tor their
adminbtratio1~
Power t.o raise
loan• and
b<,rrow.
49
(4) Subject to such modifications as :°ay be. necessary to
conform to this Agreement, the persons holding pubhc or statutory
office in the Malayan Union en tbe appointed day shall be the
tirst persons to hold corresponding office under this Agreement
in the Federation or in any State or Settlement as the case may
require:
Pro..-ided th:.i.t nothing herein shall prevent the reorgamsation
of auy department of Government.
(5) The High Commissioner may, from time to time by
Order in the Gazette declare what are the corresponding offices
in the Federation or in anv State m Settlement, within the
meaning of sub ~l.\\lse (4) of this clau'>e.
137. Subject to the express provisions of this Agreement.
nothing iu this Agreement shall affect the validity or future
operation of any lawful ad done in any territory now comprised
w the Federation by any person or authority before the
appointed day.
138. All proceedings commenced before the appointed day
in any Court of Justice in, or having jurisdiction in, any territory
now to be comprised in the Federation may be carried on in like
manner, os -nearly as may be, as if this Agreement had not been
made, but in the corresponding Court in the Federation, and any
such proceeding may be amended as may appear necessary or
proper in order to bring it into conformity with the provisions of
this Agreement. ·
139. Courts constituted in or for the Federation shall have,
within their respective powers,. jurisdiction with respect to all
offences and causes of action committed or arising before the
appointed day for which the accused might have been tried, or
proceedings might have been had, within any of the Malay States
or within either of the Settlements !mder the law in force
immediately before the appointeJ day, and such jurisdiction shall
be exercised in conformity with the law in force in the State or
Settlement concerned at the date when the offence was committed
or the cause of action arose and in accordance, as nearly as may
be, with the procedure in force in Courts constituted under this
Agreement.
Vali1Ut1 ot
preYiOU!I: ,I.Cl!.
Pcnd.lni: proceedinrl.
Cri.111e1
col1111.1itted ■ nd
c:aus.e, or
action uising
prior to tbe
appointed da1.
140. (!) In this clause Tr&11..1ter of
(a) "Malay States immovable property" means immov- ~~=;::,1e
able property which immediately .befol"e the
appointed da.v was, by virtue of section 92 of the
Malayan Union Order' in Council, 1946, vested in
His Majesty or in the appropriate officer' of the
Government of the Malayan Union or in any other'
person or body for any of the purposes of the
Government of the Malayan Union which, on Qr
after the appointed day, will, under ·the provisions
of this Agreement, be a purpose of the Government
of any Malay State;
(b) "Settlements immovable property" means immovable
property which, immediately before the
appointed day, was vested in His Majesty or the
appropriate officer of the Government of the
Traufer ol
movable
propntr.
50
Malayan Union or in any other T)erson or body,
for any of the purposes of the Government of the
Malayan Union which, on or after the appointed
day, will, under the provisions of this Agreement,
be a purpose of the Government of the Settlements
or either of them;
(c) "Malayan Union immovable property" means all
immovable property, other than Malay State:::,
immovable property and Settlements immovable
property, which, immediately before the appointed
day, was vested in His Majesty, or the appropriate
officer of the Government of the Malayan Union
or in any other person or body, for the purposes
of the Governme11t of the Malayan Union.
(2) As from the appointed day, all .Malay States immovable
property shall be re-vested in His Highness the Ruler of the
Malay State in whom the same was vested immediately before
the first day of April, 1946, or, as the case may require, in the
Government or in t.he appropriate officer of the Government of
that State, for the purposes of the Government of that State.
(3) As from the appointed day, all Settlements immovable
property shall be vested in His Majesty or, as the case may
require, in the appropriate officer of the Government of either
of the Settlements, for the purposes of the Government of that
Settlement.
(4) As from the appointed day, all Malayan Union immov•
able property shall be vested in His Majesty or in the appropriate
Ruler of any Maluy State or i,n the appropriate ·officer of the
Government of the Federation, as the case may require, for the
purposes of the Government of the Federation.
141. (1) In this clause "financial assets" includes monies,
currency notes, bank balances, investments, securities, bullion
and specie, negotiable instruments, postage stamps, postal and
money orders, things in action and rigLts to revenue, taxes,
duties, fees and other dues.
(2) All financial assets which, immediately before tho
appointed day, were vested, by virtue of the provisions of the
Malayan Union Order in Council, 1946, or otherwise howsoever
in His Majesty or in the appropriate officer of the Government
of the Malayan Union or in any other person or body for the
purposes of that Government shall, as from the appointed day,
vest in the High Commissioner for the purposes of the Federal
Government:
Provrded that the High Commissioner in Council may, on
or after the appointed day, arrange for the transfer of any
financial asset which will, on or after the appointed day,_ be
required for any of the purposes of any State Government or
Settlement Government,. to that Government or to an appropriate
officer or person for any of the purposes of that Government.
(3) All other movable property which, immediately before
the appointed day, was vested, by virtue of Section 92 of the
Malayan Union Order in Council, 1946, or otherwise howsoever,
in His Majesty or in the appropriate officer of the Government
of the Malayan Union, or in any other person or body for any
ANNEX MM 97
Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance, No. 4 of 1951
(Singapore), ss. 1-2
No. 4 of 1951
Date of
commencement.
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
No. 4 of 1951.
IKTERPRETATION ANI) GENERAL ('.LAUSES
An Ordinance to define certain tern1s and expressions
when used in Written Laws and in Public Documents,
to n1ake provision with respect to the
c01nn1encen1ent and construction of \Vritten Laws,
and for other like purposes.
l9th J a 1lUtll'Y. Hl51. j
Short ritlt:. 1. This Ordinance n1ay be cited as the Interpretation
and General Clauses Ordinance, 1951.
DEFINITIONS.
Dcl'initions. 2.-(1) In this Ordinance, and in every written law as
hereinafter defined and enacted before or after the
co1nmence1nent of this Ordinance the follo,ving words
and expressions shal1, as from the commencement of thi.s
Ordinance and without prejudice to an.ything done
prior thereto, have the 1neanings hereby assigned to
them respectively, unless there is something in the
subject or context inconsistent with such eonstruction
or unless it is therein othen;vise expre.ssly provided-
" abet" with its grarnmatical Yariatious and
cognate expre-ssions has the sarne meaning as
Cap_ 211. in the Penal" Code;
-·.Accountant-General" means the .A.ccountanl.General
of the Colony;
''act'' used with reference to an offence er ciYil
wrong, includes a series of acts, and words
which refer to acts done extend to ille!;al
om1ss1ons;
"advocate" and "advocate and so1icitor" mean
an advocate and soliGitor of the Supre.ine
Court;
'·animal" ind udes birds, repb les_, fish and
eYerv kind of Yertebrate animal and the
you11g thereof;
4
No. 4 of 1951
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
"Attorney-General" means the AttorneyGeneral
of the Colony;
"British possession" means any Dominion or
any British Colony or Protectorate, or any
territory under His Majesty's protection or
any territory in respect of which a mandate
or trusteeship is being exercised by His
Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom
or the Government of any part of_ His
Majesty's dominions;
"Chapter", "Part", "section", and "Schedule"
indicate respectively. a Chapter, Part and
section of, and Schedule to, the written law
in which the word occurs; and ''sub-section''
indicates a sub-section of the section of the
written law in which the word occurs;
"Chief Justice" m.eans the Chief Justice of the
Colony;
'' Colonial Secretary'' means the Colonial
Secretary to. the Government of the Colony;
"Colonial waters" means the territorial waters
of the Colony;
"Colony" or "Colony of Singapore" includes
the Island of Singapore and its dependencies,
the Cocos or Keeling Islands, Chlistrnas
Island, and all British and territorial waters
adjacent thereto;
"commencement" used with referen_ce to an
Ordinance means the time at which the
Ordinance comes into operation;
"common law" means the common law of
England;
"consular officer" means consul-general,
consul, vice-consul, consular agent, and any
person for the time being authorised to discharge
the duties of consul-generalJ consul
or vice-consul;
"court" means any court of the Colony of
competent jurisdiction; ·
"Crown Agents,, means the persons for the
time being acting as Crown Agents for t.he
Colonies in England, or any of thein;
5
No. 4 of 1951
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
"District Court" means any District Court
cons ti tu ted under the Courts Ordinance;
''District Judge'' n1eans a District J-udge
appointed under the Courts Ordinance t,,1
preside over any District Court and includes
any person appointed to exercise the powers
of a District Judge;
"export" with ~ts gran1rnatical variations and
cognate expressions n1eans to take or cause
to be taken ont of the Colony by land, sea
or air;
''Federal citizen'' means any person who is a
citizen of the Federation of Malaya by virtue
of the provisions of any la"v for the time
being in force, or any instrun1ent for the time
being having the force of la,v, in the said
Federation;
"Federation" or "Federation of Malaya" meani::;
the Federation of Malaya established under
the provisions of the Federation of !vfalaya.
Order in Council, 1948, and of the Federation
of Malaya Agreement entered into oetween
His i1ajesty and the Rulers of the Malay
States on the 21st day of January, 1948;
''Financial Secretary'' n1eans the Financial
Secretary of the Colony;
"Gazette" or "Govern11ient Gazette" m.eans the
Gazette published by the order of the
Government of the Colony, and includes any
Supplem.ent thereto or Extraordinary (i-azette
so published;
''Governor'' means the Governor of the Colon v
and includes the officer for the tim8 beipg
ad.n1i nistering the· Government of the (;olony
and also· includes the Governor's Deputy
exercising any function which the Governor
has appointed hirn to exercise under the
provisions of section 8 of the Singapore
Colony Orders in Council 1946 to 1948, as
a1nencled fron1 time to ti.me, constituting
the office of Governor and Com1nander in
Chief of the Colony of Singapore, or under
any corresponding provision contained in ·
6
No. 4 of 1951
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
any other Orders in Coun.cil adding to or
substituted for the same;
"Governor in Council" means the Governor
acting after consultation wi~h, but not
necessarily in accordance with the advice of
t.he Executive Council of the Colony· rior
necessarily in such Council assembled;
"Government Printer" includes any printer
purporting to be the printer authorised to
print Ordinances and other documents of
the Government; .
"His Majesty" or "the King" includes His
Majesty the King, His heirs and successors;
"immovable property" includes land, benefits
to arise out of land, and things attached to
the earth or permanently fastened to anything
attached to the earth;
"Imperial Parliament" or "Parliament" means
the Parliament of the United Kingdom;
"import" with its grammatical variations and
cognate expressions, means to bring or cause
t<? be brought into the Colony by land, sea or
au; ·
·'imprisonment'' means imprisonment which
may be either rigorous or simple, and the
expressions '' rigorous imprisonment'' and
· 'simple imprisonment'' respecti•:ely have
the same meanings as in the Penal Code;
"judge" means a judge of the Supreme Court
and includes any person appointed to
exercise the powers of a judge;
"Legislative Council" means the Legislative
Council of the Colony;
"'legislature" when used with reference to a
British possession, means the authority,
other than the Imperial Parliament or His
Majesty_ the King in Council, competent to
make Jaws for the British possession;
"Magistrate" or "Magistr~te of Police" or
''Police Magistrate''· means a Magistrate
appointed under any law for the time being
in force for the constitution of Criminal
Courts of Summary Jurisdiction;
7
No. 4 of 1951
S.R. & 0
1946
No. 404
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
''Malaya" means the Colony of Singapore and
the Federation of Malaya;
''Malay State'' means such one of the 11:alay
States as the circumstances may require and
includes all dependencies, isl~nds and places
which, on the first day of December, 1941,
were· administered as part thereof, and the
territorial waters adjacent thereto; .
· 'Malay States'' means the States of J ohore,
Pahang, Negri Sembilan, Selahgor, Perak,
Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan a_nd. Trengganu and
all dependencies, islands and places which,
on the first day of December, 1941, were
administered as part thereof, and the
territorial waters adjacent thereto;
· '1naster" used with reference to a ship means
any person, except a pilot or harbour master,
- having for the time being control or charge
of the ship; ·
"rnonogamous marriage" means a marriage
· which is recognised by the law of the place
where it is contracted as a voluntary union
of one man and one woman to the exclusion
of all_ others during the continuance of the
marriage;
'"month" means calendar month;
· 'movable property'' means property of every
description except immovable property;
''oath" and "affidavit" in the case of persona
for the time b_eing allowed by law to affirm
or declare instead of swearing, include
affirmation and declaration, and ''swear'' in
the like case includes affirm and declare;
"Officer Administering the Government" means
the officer who succeeds to or is appointed to
the administration of the Government of the
Colony in accordance with section 7 of the
Singapore Colony Orders in Council. 1946 to
1948, as amended from time to time or under
any cor:responding provision contained in
any other Orders in Council adding to or
substituted for the same;
"Ordinance" means an Ordinance of the
Colony, and includes any Ordinance of the
8
No. 4 of 1951
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
Colony of the Straits Settlen1ent.s and any
Proclan1ation having the force of law in the
Colony; and the expression "t.he Ordinance"
or "the Proclamation" when used in anv
order, proclamation, rule, regulation, or byla,
v means the Ordinance or Proclamation
under the authoritv of which such order.
proclamation, rule, ~regulation or by-la·w, as
the case may be, has been made;
"person" and "party" includes any company
or association or body of persons, corpora.le
or unincorporate;
"police officer" means any men1ber of the police
force of the Colony;
"prescribed" means prescribed by the Ordinance
in which the word occurs, or by any
regulations duly made thereunder;
<!Proclamation" includes a Proclamation n1ade
by, or under the authority of, the Snpreine
Allied Commander, South East Asia, during
the period between the fifteenth day of
August, 1945, and the first day of April, 19,16;
"public holiday" 1neans any day which is
declared to be or proclaimed as a public
holiday or which under anv written law is
to be ~observed as a public holiday lll the
Colony or any part thereof;
· 'Public Seal" n1eans the Public Seal of the
Colony;
"registered" used with reference to a document,
means registered under the provisions of the
la,v for the time being applicable to t.he
registration of such document;
··regulations'' includes regulations, rules,
orders and by-laws ma.de under the prov1-
sions of any Ordinance, and includes r11 !e.s
of Court;
''rules of court'· means, when used in relation
to any court, rules made by the authority
having for the tin1e being power tcJ make
rules or orders regulating the practice and
procedure of such court, together with the
forms necessary thereto;
9
No. 4 of 1951
C,1 p. 1:~.
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
·'Secretary of State'' nH~an0 one of His .i\laj l-':';; t-v · ~
Principal Secretaries of State; ·
"service by post"; where an Ordinance authorises
or requires any document to be served
by post, whether the expression "serve" or
the expression "give" or "send" or any other
expression is used, then, unle3s a contrary
intention . appears, the service shall b·e
deen1ed to be effected by properly addressing,
prepaying and posting a letter containing the
document, and, unless the contrary is
proved, to have been effected at the tin1e at
(b) in the United Kingdom or any British
which the letter would be delivered in the
ordinary course of post;
· 'ship" includes every description of vessel used
in navigation not exclusively propelled by
oars or paddles;
"sign" with its gramrr1atical variations and
cognate expressions, with reference to a
person who is unable to write his name,
includes ''mark'' with its grammatical
.variations and cognate expressions;
''Solicitor-General'' means the Solie i torGeneral
of the Colony;
· 'statu tor_y declaration'', if n1ade-
(a) in the Colony, n1eans a declaration
n1ade under the Statutory Declarations
Ordinance;
(lJ) in the United Kingdom or any Brit.is\1
possession beyond the Colony.
means a declaration made before a
justice of the peace, notary public
or other person having authority
therein under anv law for the tin1e
being in force tov take or receive a
declaration;
(c) in any other place, n1eans a declaration
made before a British consul or viceconsul,
or before any person having
authoritv under ,1nv Act of Parli,1-
n1ent fO"i· the tirne being in force tu
take or receive a declaration:
10
No. 4 of 1951
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLiUSES.
--subsidiary legislation" .means any order 111
council, procla1nation, rule, regulation,
order, notification, by-law, or other instrun1ent
n1ade under any Ordinance, or other
lawful authority and having legislative
, ,effect;
· -~upre.111(' Con rt'' 1neans the Supren1e Court
of the Colony;
''territorial waters'' means the inland waters
of th€ Colony and such ·part of the sea
adjacent. to the coast of the Colony as is
deemed by international law to constitute
the territorial waters of_th~ Colony;
''the Government" means the Government of
the Colony;
"Under Secretary" means the Under Secretary
to the Government of the Colony;
"United Kingdom" means Great Britain and
Northern Ireland;
"value" used with reference to a suit, n1eans
the amount of value of the subject matter
of the suit;
"vesseJ' · includes floating craft of every description;
",vill" includes a codicil;
words importing the masculine gender include
females;
words in the singular "include the plural, and
words in the plural include the singular;
"writing" and expressions referring to writing
.include printing, lithography, typewriting,
photography, and other modes of representing
or reproducing words or figures in visible
form;
''written law" includes all Ordinances and
subsidiary legislation but does not include
any Imperial Statute nor any Order of the
King in Council, Royal Charter or Royal
Letters Palent:
"year" means a year reckoned accorrljng to the
British ca.lend;:ir.
11
No. 4 of 1951
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES.
(2) In every written law enacted before the commencement
of this Ordinance-
( a) references to the Colony of the Straits Settlements
or the Settlement of Singapore shall
be construed as references to the Colony;
(b) references to the Federated Malay "States shall
be construed as references to ·the States of
Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor;
(c) references to the Governor .of the Malayan
Union shall from and after the 1st day of
Februa·ry, 1948, be construed as references
to the High Commissioner of the Federation
of Malaya;
(d) references to.the Malayan Union-shall from and
after the 1st day of February, 1948, be
construed as references to the Federation of
. Malaya or the territories comprised therein,
as the _case may require;
(e) references to the Chief Justice or to any court,
judge or magistrate of the Malayan Union or
of the Federated Malay States or of any of
the Malay States shall from and after the
1st day of February, 1948, be construed as
references to the Chief Justice or to the
corresponding Cou_rt, judge or magistrate of
the Federation of Malaya or of a Malay State
as the case may require;
(f) references to any officer of, or authority or body
constituted in or for, the Federated Malay
States, any Malay State or the Malayan
Union shall as and from the 1st day of
February, 1948, be construed as references to
the corresponding officer of, or authority or
body constituted in or for, the Federation of
Mal3:ya or any Malay State as the case may
require.
GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING ORDINANCES
AND ENACTMENTS.
Ordinaoce.s 3. Every Ordinance shall be a public Ordinan~e, and
g'r~ini~~!~~ shall be judicially noticed as such unless the contrary is
expressly provided by the Ordinance.
12
ANNEX MM 98
Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance No.
18 of 1952 (Singapore)
No. 18 of 1952
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES (AMENDMENT).
No. 18 of 1952.
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL CLAUSES
(AMENDMENT).
An Ordinance to amend the Interpretation and General
Clauses Ordinance, 1951 (Na. 4 of 1951).
[23rd June, 1952.] Date of
commencement.
1. This Ordinance 111ay be cited as the Interpretation and Short title.
General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance, 1952.
2.-(1) Sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Interpretation Amendment
and General Clauses Ordinance, 195 l (hereinafter called the of section 2-
Principal Ordinance) is hereby amended-
(a) by inserting immediately after the definition of
"Attorney-General" the following new definition:-
" "British Commonwealth" shall mean collectively
the United Kingdom, and any other
part of Her Majesty's dominions, India,
any territory under Her Majesty's protection
and any territory administered by
the Government of any part of Her
Majesty's dominions in accordance with a
mandate from the League of Nations or
under the trusteeship system of the United
Nations·"· . ' ,
(b) by deleting the definition of "British possession"
and substituting therefor the following: -
" "British possession" means any part of Her
Majesty's dominions (other than the
United Kingdom) and shall be deemed to
include any territory under Her Majesty's
protection, or any territory administered
by the Government of any part of Her
Majesty's dominions in accordance with a
mandate from the League of Nations or
under the trusteeship system of the United
Nations·"·
' '
81
No. 18 of 1952
S.I. 1948
No. 108.
Amendment
of section 9.
INTERPRETATCON AND GENERAL CLAUSES (AMENDMENT).
(r.) by substituting the words "shall be deemed to
include" for the word "means" in the definition
of "Colonial waters";
(d) by substituting the words "and all British waters
adjacent thereto, and shall be deemed to include
~,errit?rial waters" Jor all ~he- ~ords follo~ing
Chnstmas Island, appearmg m the definition
of the "Colony";
(e) by inserting immediately after the definition of
"Government Printer" the following new definition:
-
" "High Commissioner" means the High Commissioner
of the Federation of Malaya and
includes any officer for the time being
administering the Government of the
Federation of Malaya, and also includes
a Deputy to the High Commissioner performing
any function which the High
Commissioner has appointed him to exercise
under the provisions of Clause l l of
the Federation of Malaya Agreement,
l 948;";
(f) by substituting the words "and shall be deemed to
include the territorial waters adjacent thereto"
for the words "and the territorial waters adjacent
thereto" appearing at the end of the definition
of "Malay State" and of "Malay States";
(g) by deleting the definition of "territorial waters".
(2) Sub-section (2) of section 2 of the Principal Ordinance
is hereby amended by deleting paragraph (b) thereof and
substituting therefor the following: -
"(b) references to the Federated Malay States shall
unless there is something repugnant in the context
be construed as references to the Federation
of Malaya;". -
3. Section 9 of the Principal Ordinance is hereby amende~
by substituting the word "replaced" for the word "repealed'·
appearing in the penultimate line thereof.
82
ANNEX MM 99
Malayan Federation Light Dues Ordinance No.24 of 1953
FEDERATION OF MALAYA
No. 24 OF 1953
197
THE· FEDERATION LIGHT DUES ORDINANCE, 1953
· Their Highnesses the Rulers of the
Malay States assent hereto
· Witnes~es to the affixing of the Rulers' Seal:
I assent
P;,blic &a0 of the
Federation
BADLISHAH
(IN MALAY)
Sultan of Kedah.
G. W. R. TEMPLER,
PUTRA IBNI HASSAN JAMALULLAIL,
Raja of Per/is.
· 2Stli April, 1953.
· High Commissioner.
27th April, 1953.
198 No. 24 OF 1953
An Ordinance to impose Light Dues.
[30th April, 1953.)
IT IS HEREBY ENACTED by the High Commissioner
of the Federation of Malaya and Their
Highnesses the Rulers of the Malay States with the
advice and consent of the Legislative Council as
follows:
Short title. 1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Federation
Interpretation.
No. 70of
1952.
Light Dues Ordinance, 1953. ·
2 . . In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise
requrres-
"ship" has the same meaning as in the Merchant
Shipping Ordinance, 1952;
"tonnage" means net registered tonnage:
Provided that in the case of any ship whose net
registered tonnage has not been ascertained, the gross
tonnage shall be deemed to be the net registered
tonnage;
"waters of the Federation" means those parts of the
territorial waters of the Federation which lie outside
tp.e ,limits of any port as defined in the Merchant
Shippi~g Ordinance, 1952;
"year" means a period beginning on the 1st day of
e !!i:::~{ and ending on the 31st day of December next
3. (1) The owner, agent or master of every ship
other than a fishing craft which- in the course
of any voyage enters the waters of the Federation
shall pay dues according to the scale set out in the
Schedule to such officer (hereinafter ref erred to as "the
collector") as may be appointed by regulations made
under this Ordinance to collect the same:
Provided that dues shall not be payable more than
ten times in any one year in respect of the same ship.
(2) For the purposes of this section a round voyage
in the course of which a: ship enters the waters of the
Federation more than once shall be deemed to be a
single voyage.
(3) This section shall not apply to any ship belonging
to the Government of the Federation or to any British,
Mala'yan or foreign ship of war or to any ship of under
fifteen tons or to any fl.shin!?: craft.
FEDERATION LIGHT DUES 199
4. The collector shail give a receipt for thc;.,said dues
to every person paying the same; and arty ship in
respect of which such receipt is not produced when
· demanded _by a Port Officer or officer of customs may
be detained.
5. If the owner, agent or master of any ship fails on
demand of the collector to pay the said dues in respect
thereof the collector may in addition to any other
remedy whlch he_is entitled to use enter upon such ship
and distrain-the goods, guns, tackle or any other things
of or belonging to or on board such ship, and detain
such distress until the said dues are paid. If payment
of the same is not made within the three days next
ensuing such distress, the collector may- at any time
during the continuance of such non-payment cause the
distress to be appraised by two sufficient persons and
thereupon sell the same and apply the proceeds in
payment of the dues unpaid together with reasonable
expenses incurred by him under this section, paying
the surplus, if any, on demand to the said owner, agent
or master. ··· · ·
6. (1) For the purposes of this Ordinance there shall
be established a Light Dues Board, which shall consist
of the Director of Marine as Chairman and not less
than four and not more than six other members to be
appointed by the High Commissioner.
(2) All dues collected under thls Ordinance shall be
paid into a fund to be known as the Light Dues Fund
and to be administered by the Board.
(3) It shall be the duty of the Board to expend the
moneys of the fund on the maintenance and improvement
of navigational aids in the waters of the Federation
and for purposes ancillary thereto.
(4) The Board may make rules for the conduct of
its own proceedings.
7. {l) The High Commissioner in Council may by
regulations prescribe the times, places and manner at
or in which dues shall be payable under this Ordinance.
(2) Tables of all dues and a copy of any regulations
made under this section in respect thereof shall be
· posted up at the office of the collector.
8. The Director of Marine may remit the whole or
'.1-TIY part of any dues payable under this Ordinance if
m his opinion undue hardship would be caused by
the payment thereof.
Receipts.
Distress.
Constitution
and duties
of Light
Dues
Board.
Regula lions.
Power10
exempt.
Penaltks.
20() No. 24 OF 1953
9. The master of any ship who~
(a) departs or attempts to depart from any port
1eavmg11npam any dues requrred to be pani
under this Ordinance; or
(b) obstructs any person.in the performance of the
duties of his office under the Ordinance,
shall be liable on conviction to a fine of one thousand
dollars.
10. The Legislative Council may by resolution alter
the scale of dues set out in the Schedule.
SCHEDULE.
For any ship in respect of which
light dues are payable • .. . . . lO cents per net registered
ton.
Passed in the Legislative Council on the nineteenth
day of March, 1953.
RAJA AYOUB,
Clerk of Coundl.
KUALA LUMPUR:
PR1neo AT Tt<t Gove~i,,1em l'ai:ss n n_ T. FuDGE, ATo. Govt1<,n•tm Pknrrn
Price: 20 cr.r. or 6d .
.
7601-1, 100-2l-5-53.
ANNEX MM 100
Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1957 (extracts)
FEDERAL DOCUMENT of August, 19S7
Federation of Malaya Agreement, 19S 7
1
"'
Agreement dated the 5th day of August, 1957, and made
between Sir Donald Charles MacGillivray, G.C.M.G., M.B.E.,
on behalf of· Her Majesty on the one part, ;;u-.) His Highness
Tunku Ismail ibni Sultan Ibrahim, D.K., S.P~M.J., K.B.E.,
C.M.G, the ~egent of Johore, on behalf of His Highness Sultan
Ibrahim ibni Sultan.Abu Bakar, D.K., S.P.M .. J., G.C.M.G.,
K.B.E. (Mil.), G.B.E., G.C.O.C.(I),Sultan of the State and
Territory of Johore,Z His Highness Abu Baka~ Riayatuddin alMuadzam
Shah ibni Almarhum Almutasim Billah Sultan Abdullah,
G. C. M. G ,_, Sul tan of the State of Pahang, His Highness Tuanku
Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, G.C.M.G., the
Yang di-Pertyan Besar of the State of Negri Sembilan, Dato
Klana Petra Mohammed Kassim bin Dato Nika Haji Abdul Rashid,
Undang of Sungei Ujong, Dato Mendika Mentri Akhirzaman Shahmaruddin
bin Abdulrahman, Undang of Jelebu, Dato Johan Pahlawan
Lela Perkasa Setiawan Abdul Manap bin 1~lok, Undang of
Johal, Dato Lela Maharaja Haji Ipap bin Abdullah, Undang of
Rembau, and Tengku Syed Idrus bin Tengku Syed Mohammad, Tengku
Besar of Tampin, the Ruling Chiefs of the State of Negri
Sembilan, His Highness Hisamuddin Alam Shah i.lrni Almarhum Sultan
Alaiddin Sulaiman Shah, K.C.M.G., Sultan of the State of
Se 1 angor, His Highness Tunku Badlishah ibni .'\ l marhum Sul tan
Abdul Hamid Halimshah, K.C.M.G.,K.B.E., Sultan of the State of
Kedah, His Highness Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan
Jamalullail, K.C.M.G., the Raja of Perlis, His Highness Tengku
Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Mohamed IV, O.K.,S.P.M.K.,S.J.:\.LK.
D. K. (Johore), K.C.M.G., Sultan Ismail Nasi niddin Shah ibni
Al-Marhum Sultan Zainal Abidin, K .C.~I.G., Std tan of the ·State
of Trengganu arid His Highness Paduka Sri Sultan Yussuf'Izzuddin
Shah ibni _ Almarhum Sultan Abdul Jalil Radzial lah Hu-' An-Hu,
K.C.M.G.,O.B.E., Sultan of the State of Perak, of the other
part, for Themselves and Their Successors;
Whereas by the Federation of Malaya ~greement, 1948,
pr6vision was made for the establishment of a Federation of
Malaya comprising the Mal~y States of Johore, Pahang, Negri
Sembilan, Selangor, Kedah; Perlis, Kelanta11, Trengganu and
Perak, and the Settlements of Piri~~g and Malacca:
And whereas the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948,
has the force of law in the territories of the said Federation:
And whereas there now subsist between Her Majesty and
each of 1·heir Highnesses the Rulers of the said Malay States
( in tf1e case of Negri Sembi Ian between Her t,laj es ty and His
"' Frir footnotes see p.257
251
Citation.
Construction.
L
Highness the Yang di-Pertuan Besar and
the Ruling Chiefs) divers Agreements
relating to the government of the several
States of Their Highnesses:
And whereas it has been represe~ted
to Her Majesty and Their Highnesses
and the Ruling Chiefs of Negri Sembilan
that fresh arrangements should be made
for the peace, order and good government
of the territories within the said
Federa'ticin; and Her Majesty and Their
Highnesses and the said Ruling Chiefs
have agreed that the said Federation should
become an independent country within
th~ Commonwealth-with the Constitution
hereinafter provided for:
And whereai by the Federation of
Malaya Independence Act, i957, the approval
of the Parlia~ent of the United
Kingdom was given to the conclusion of
such Agreement as is herein contained:
Now, therefore, it is agreed and
declared as follows:
1. This Agreement may be cited as the
Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1957.
2. In this Agreement, unless the context
otherwise requires-
"the existing Federation" means the
Federation of Malaya established by the
Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948;
"Federal Ordinance" means an Ordinance
of the Legislature of the existing Fed~
eration;
"Their Highnesses the Rulers" means
the persons who are for the time being
the Sultan of the State and Territory of
Johore, the Sultan of the State of Pahang,
the Yang di-Pertuan Besar of the
State of Negri Sembilan, the Sultari of
the State of Se 1 angor, the Sult an of the
State of Kedah, the Raja of the State of
Perlis, the Sultan of the-State of Kelantan,
the Sultan of the State of Trengganu,
and the Sultan of the State of
Perak;
252
Establishment.of
new Federation:.
Federal Constitution.
Constitutions of
Penang and
Malacca.
Revocation of
of previous
Agreernen ts.
"the Malay° States" means the States
of Johore, Pahang, Negri Sembilan, Selangor,
Kedah, Perlis, K~Janta11, Trengganu
and Perak, and all dependencies, islands
and places which, immediately before
the thirty-first day of August,
nineteen ~undred and fifty-seven, are
administered as part thereof, and the
territorial.waters adjacent thereto;
"the Settlement of l'enang" and "the
Settlement of Malacca" include all islands
and places which, i.mmediately before.
the thirty-first day of August, nineteen.
hundred and fifty-seven, are administered
as part of thuse Settlements,
and the territorial waters adjacent thereto;
"the Settlements" means the Settlement
of Penang and the Settlement of Malacca.
3. As from the thirty-first day of
August, nineteen hundred and fifty- seven,
the Malay States and tile Settlements
shall be formed into a ;H·H Federation of
States by the name of Pe:1-:,ekutuan Tanah
Melayu, or in English, ti1e Federation of
Malaya, under the Federal Constitution
set out in the First Schedule to this
Agreement; and thereupon the said Settlements
shall cease to form part ofHer
Majesty's dominions and !ler Majesty shall
cease to exercise any sovereignty over
them, and all power and jurisdiction at
Her Majesty or of the Parliament of the
United Kingdom in or in respect of the
Settlements or the Malay States or the
Federation as a whole \;ha 11 come to an
end.
4. The Constitutions set out in the
Second and Third Schedui...:·s to this Agreement
shal 1 be the Cow< i tut ions of
Penang and Malacca respc,::tively as States
of the new Federation.
5. Subject to the provisions of the
said Federal Constitut io11 and to the
Fourth Schedu 1 e to th i s ."q;~ reerncn t , the
253
ANNEX MM 101
Light Dues Ordinance No. 6 of 1957 (Singapore)
LIGHT DUES.
No. 6 of 1957 .
LIGHT DUES.
An Ordinance to impose Light Dues.
..
Date of coming into operation: 1st March, 1957.
No. 6 of 1957
1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Light Dues Short title~
Ordinance, 1957.
2.-(1) In this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise Interpretarequires-
tion:
"officer of customs" has the same meaning as in the
Customs Ordinance; cap. 160.
•'port", "Port Officer", "ship" and "native sailing ship"
have the same meanings respectively as in the
Merchant Shipping Ordinance; Cap. 207.
"waters of the Colony" mean those parts of the
territorial waters of the Colony which lie outside
the limits of any port;
"year" _means a period beginning on the 1st day of
January and ending on the 31st day of December
next ensuing.
(2) The tonnage in this Ordinance referred to means the
net registered tonnage :
Provided that in the case o_f a ship whose net registered
tonnage has not been ascertained, the gross tonnage shall be
deemed to be the net registered tonnage. ·
3.-(1) The owner, agent or master of every ship which Light
in the course of any voyage enters the waters of the Colony dues.
shall;pay light dues according to the scale set out in the
Schedule to this Ordinance to such officer (hereinafter Schedule..
referred to as "the collector") as may be appointed by
regulations made under this Ordinance to collect the same:
Provided that light dues shall not be payable . .-more
than ten times in any one year in respect of the ·same
~~ '
15
I
I
I
No. 6 of 1957
Jl=ipts.
Distre5S Oil
jjhip for
light dues.
Constitution
aad duties
of Light
Dues
Eoard.
LIGHT DUES.
(2) This section shap not apply to any ship belonging to
the Government or to any ship of war or to any ship of
under fifteen tons or to any fishing craft or native sailing
ship.
4. The collector shall give a receipt for light dues to every
person paying the same, and any ship in respect of which
such receipt is not produced when demanded by a Port
Officer or officer of customs may be detained until such
receipt is produced.
5.-{l) If the owner, agent or master of any ship fails,
on demand of the collector, to pay the light dues due in
respect thereof, the collector may, in addition to any other
remedy which he is entitled to use, enter upon the ship and
distrain the goods, tackle or any thing belonging to or on
board the ship and detain such distress until the light dues
are paid ..
(2) If payment of the light dues is not made within ther~
days next ensuing such distress, the collector may, at any
time during the continuance of such non-payment, cause
the· distress to be appraised by two sufficient persons or
licensed appra~sers and thereupon sell the same and apply
the proceeds in payment of the light dues unpaid together
with reasonable expenses incurred by him under this section,
paying the surplus, if any, on demand to the said owner,
agent or master.
6.--(l) For the purposes of this Ordinance there shall be
establish~d a Light Dues Board, which shall consist of the
Master Attendant as Chairman and not less than six members
to be appointed by the Minister.
(2) A member of the Board shall, unless he earlier resigns
his office_ or is removed therefrom, hold office for a period
of three years from the date of his appointment and shall
be eligible .for re-appointment.
(3) AU light dues co11ected under this Ordinance shall be.
paid into a fund to be known as the Light Dues Fund and
to be administered by the Board.
(4) It shall be the duty of the Board to expend the moneys
of the Fund on the mainte~ance and improvement of
navigational aids in the waters of the Colony and for
purposes ancillary thereto.
16
No. 6 of 1957
LIGEIT DUES.
(5) The Board may make rules for the conduct of its
proceedings.
7.-(1) The Minister may by regulations prescribe the Regulations.
times, places- and manner at or in which light dues shall be
payable under this Ordinance.
(2) Tables of all light dues and a copy of any regulations
made under this section in respect thereof shall be posted
up at the office of the collector.
8. The Minister may remit the whole or any part of any Power 10-
light dues payable under this Ordinance if in his opinion exempt.
undue hardship would be caus.ed by the payment thereof,
or for any other cause which appears to him to warrant
such remission.
9. The master of any ship who- Penalties_
(a) departs or attempts to depart from any port leaving
unpaid any light dues required to be paid under
this Ordinance; or
(b) obstructs any person in the performance of the
duties of his office under this Ordinance,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction
to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars.
10. The Legislative Assembly may by resolution alter the Schedule.
scale of light dues set out in the Schedule to_ this Ordinance.
11. The provisions of this Ordinance shall be without saving.
prejudice to the provisions of the Imperial Light Dues Cap. 206-Ordinance.
THE SCHEDULE.
For ships:Ioading or discharging at Singapore 2 ·cents per ton.
For ships entering for bunkers, stores or water . . I cent per ton.
For ships registered in the Colony other than those
exempted under section 3 (2) · · 20 cents per year per top_
17
ANNEX MM 102
Light Dues (Amendment) Ordinance No. 20 of 1958 (Singapore)
No. 20 of 1958
Short ti tie.
Amendment
of section 2.
UGHT DUES (AMENDMENT).
No. 20 ef 1958.
LIGHT DUES (AMENDMENT}.
An Ordinance to amend the Light Dues Ordinance, 1957
(No. 6 of 1957).
Date ot coming into operation: bt August, 1958.
1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Light Dues
(Amendment) Ordinance, 1958.
2. Section 2 of the Light Dues Ordinance, 1957, (hereinafter
in this Ordinance referred to as the "principal Ordinance")
is hereby amended-
(a) by deleting the definition of "waters of the Colony"
appearing in subsection (I) thereof; and
(b) by inserting immediately before the word "tonnage"
appearing in the second line of subsection (2)
thereof the word "registered".
llepeal 3. Section 3 of the principal Ordinance is hereby repealed
and reenactment
of and the following substituted therefor: -
section 3.
"Light dues.
Schedule.
3.-(1) The owner, agent or master of every
ship which in the course of a voyage calls at any
port or place within Singapore, other than ships
exempted under the provisions of subsection (2)
of this section, shall pay light dues according to
the scale set out in the Schedule to this Ordinance
to such officer (hereinafter referred to as
"the collector") as may be appointed by regulations
made under this Ordinance to collect such
light dues:
Provided that no ship shall be required to pay
more than twenty cents per ton in any year for
light dues.
62
i,l"o. 20 of 1958
LIGIIT DUBS (AMENDMENT)
(2) There shall be exempted from light dues
under this Ordinance-
(a) ships putting in from stress of weather
or for the purpose of emergency repairs
in respect of damage occasioned
on the high seas: Provided that they
do not discharge or load cargo other
than cargo discharged with a view to
such repairs and afterwards reshipped;
(b) ships belonging to Her Majesty, the
Government, or to a Commonwealth
or foreign government unless carrying
cargo or passengers for freight or
fares;
(c) ships -of under- fifteen tons;
(d) fishing craft; and
(e) native sailing ships.".
4. Subsection (4)- of section 6 of the principal Ordinance
is hereby amended by deleting the words "navigational aids
in the waters of the Colony" appearing in the third line
thereof and substituting therefor the following: -
"lighthouses, buoys, beacons and other navigational
aids in Singapore including those at Pedra Branca
(Horsburgh) and at Pulau Pisang". ·
S. The Schedule to the principal Ordinance is hereby
amended by deleting the expression ''For ships registered
in the Colony other than those ex.empted under section 3 (2)
. . . . . . 20 cents per year per ton" appearing therein and
substituting therefor the following:~
"For all ships optional annual
payment not refundable .. . 20 cents per ton".
63
Amend01eot
of section 6.
Amendme.at
of Schedule.
ANNEX MM 103
State of Singapore Act, 1958 (UK)
1958 Slale of Singapore Act, 1958 C1-L 59
CHAPTER 59
An Act to provide for the establishment of the State of
Singapore and for the peace, order and good government
thereof; and for purposes connected with the
matters aforesaid. [1st August, 1958]
BE it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and
with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and
Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament
assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:-
737
1.---{ l) Her Majesty may by Order in Council (hereinafter Establishment
referred to as " the Constitution Order"), which shall be laid or State of
before Parliament after being made, make such provision as Singapore.
may appear to Her Majesty to be necessary or expedient for the
peace, order and good government, under the title of the State
of Singapore, of the territories included immediately before the
passing of this Act in the Colony of Singapore; and, as from
the day on which all the provisions of that Order have come into
force, those territories shall be known by that-title arid subsection
(3)' ·of section one of the British Nationality Act, 1948 (which 11 & 12 Geo. 6.
specifies the countries whose citizens are by virtue of that c. 56.
citizenship British subjects or Commonwealth citizens) as amended
by the Federation of Malaya Independence Act, ~957, shall have 5 & 6 Eliz. 2.
effect as if for the words "and the Federation of Malaya" there c. 60.
were substituted the words H the Federation of Malaya and the
State of Singapore".
(2) The Constitution Order may revoke or amend, or provide
for the revocation or amendment of, any Order in Council or
other instrument affecting the territories a(oresaid made before ·
the day aforesaid under the British Settlements Acts, 1887 and
1945, or the Straits Settlements (Repeal) Act, 1946; and as from 9 & JO Geo. 6.
that day no further Order in Council or other 1.nst'riui-ient c. 37.
affe<?ting those territories shall be made under those._Acts except
for the purpose of revoking or amending· any- (.!l.~b Order in
Council or other instrument for the time being in force.
(3) The ConstitutiOI\ Order -may authorise the revocation or
amendment of any of itj provisions in any ma~ner __ s_p_e.cified by
the Order in relation to those provisions respectively, but save
as 1ii-ay· be so authorised shall not be capable of being revoked
or am_endecl e.xcept by Act of Parliament; and where that Order
authorisc_s_ ·u1c revocation o"r a 111c,.1Jii1ci1t of any of its provisions
by Order in Council, any Order in Council made in pursuance
of th_at authority shall be n;adc /. by statut9ry instrument and
be laid before Parliament after bemg made. ·
2A
738
Short title.
CH. 59, 60 State of Singapore Act, 1958 6 & 7 Euz. 2
(4) Her Majesty may by Order in Council, which shall be
subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either
House of Parliament, make such inc,ide!!!al, consequenti~.l and
tra~tional .. provisi_ons, including, in ·particular; ada:pfations and
modiffcati_ons..,of;--6rof any instrument made under, any Act of
Parliament, as may appear to Her Majesty to be necessary or
expedient by_ re<:1son _oX _~r~ything containe_q._ j9-_Jliis_ section or in
any instrument made thereunder,--and, in particular, by reason
of any provision of the Constitution Order providing for the
appointment in and for the State of Singapore, in addition to a
representative of Her Majesty, of a representative of Her Majesty's
Government in the United Kingdom; and any such adaptation or
modification may be made so as to have effect from any date not
earlier than that of the making of the Constitution Order notwithstanding
that the Order in Council under this subsection was
1}1ade after that date.
2. This Act may be cited as the State of Singapore Act, 1958.
ANNEX MM 104
Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance No.2
of1960
No. 2 of 1960
Ord/f!ances
Nos. 2 of 1060.
52 of 1960.
Short title.
Amendment
of
section 2.
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL
CLAUSES (AMENDMENT).
No. 2 of 1960.
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL
CLAUSES (AMENDMENT).
An Ordinance ro wnend the lnterpre1ation and General
. Clauses Ordinance (Chapter 2 of the Revised Edition).
Date of coming into operation: [Sections 2 (a), (b) and (c) and 3--
27th January, 1960;
Sections 2 (d) and (c) and 4-28th
October, 1960.]
1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Interpretation and
General Clauses (Arnendment) Ordinance, I 960.
2. Subsection ( l) of section 2 of the Interpretation and
General Clauses Ordinance (hereinafter i.n this Ordinance
referred to as the "principal Ordinance") is hereby
arnended-
{a) by deleting the definition of ''British Commonwealth"
appearing therein and substituting therefor
the following:-
" "British Commonwealth" means collectively
the United Kingdom and any other part
of Her Majesty's dominions, India,
Pakistan, Ceylon, the Federation of
Malaya, Ghana and any other country
declared by Act of Parliament or Ordinance
to be a Commonwealth country, any
territory under Her Majesty's protection,
arid any territory administered by the
government of any part of Her Majesty's
dominions in accordance with a mandate
from the League of Nations or under the
trusteeship system of the United
Nations;";
(h1 hy deleting the definition of "Colony" or "Colony
of Singapore" appearing therein and :inserting
22
No. 2 of 1960
lNTERPRETA TlON AND GENERAL
· CLAUSES (AMENDMENT).
immediately a"fter the definition of "sign" the
fallowing new definition : -
6 & 7
Eliz. 2.
C. 59.
" "Singapore" or "State of Singapore" means
the State of Singapore established under
the State of Singapore Act, 1958, and shall
be deemed to include the Island of Singapore
and all islands and places which on
the 2nd day of June, 1959, were administered
as part of the Colony of Singapore
and all territorial waters adjacent
thereto;";
(c) by deleting the definition of "High Commissioner"
appearing therein;
(d) by inserting immediately after the definition of
"movable property" appearing therein the
following new definition: -
"' "national language" means the Malay language;";
and
[No. 52 of 1960.)
(e) by inserting immediately after the definition of
"public holiday" appearing therein the following
new definition : -
" "public officer" means the holder of any
office of emolument in the service of the
Government;".
[No. 52 of 1960.]
.
3. Section 37 of the principal Ordinance is hereby amended
by deleting the brackets and figure "(2)" appearing in the
first line of subsection (2) thereof and by inserting immediately
after the word "responsible" appearing in the last line
thereof the comma and words", or by any public officer duly
authorised in writing by the Minister".
4. Section 45 of the principal Ordinance is hereby
amended--
ta) by deleting the words "of Yang di-Pertuan Negara
or Altorney-General to f1al" appearing in the
marginal note thereto;
23
Amendment
of
section 37
Amend·
ment of
~ection 45.
No. 2 of 1960
INTERPRETATION AND GENERAL
CLAUSES (AMENDMENT).
(b) by renumbering the existing section as subsection
(I); and
(c) by adding thereto the following new subsection: -
" (2) Whenevet. the signature of a Minister~
Permanent Secretary or public officer is require_d
for any document, any such document purporting
to bear the signature of the Minister, Permanent
Secretary or public officer shall_ be
received as prima facie evidence in any proceeding
or in any court without proof being given
that the signature to such document is that ofthe
Minister, Permanent Secretary or public
officer, as the case may be.".
(No. 52 of f 960.]
24
ANNEX MM 105
Federation Light Dues (Amendment) Act No. 21 of 1961
(Federation of Malaya)
"Ugh!.
dues.
99
.FED ERA TIO~ OF ;>,JAL.-\ YA
Act of Parliament
No. 21 OF 1961
FEDERATlON LIGHT DUES (AMEND:MENT)
ACT, 1961
An Act to amend the Federation Light Dues Ordinance,
1953.
{Section 4-30th April, 1953.J ·
[Remaining ·provisions- )
BE IT ENACTED by the Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri
Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pi:rtuan Agong -with the advice
and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan Ra'ayat in
Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : ·
1. 11ris Act may be cited as the Federation Light Dues
(Amendment) Act, 1961, and shall come into operation on
such date as the Minister may by notification in the Gazette
appoint.
2. Section 2 of the Federation Light Dues Ordinance, 1953
(hereinafter in this· Act referred to as «the principal
Ordinance") is hereby amended by deleting the definition
"waters of the Federationn.
Short title
and com•
menccmenL
Amcndmcot
of sec tiou 2.
Uof 19JJ.
3. Section 3 of the principal Ordinance _is hereby repealed N'e~
and the following new secti_on substituted therefor: ~on .J_
3. (1) The owner, agent -or master of every ship
which in· the course of a voyage enters any port or
place within the Federation:. other than ships exempted
under the provisions of sub-section (3), shall pay light
dues according to the scale set out in the Schedule to
this Ordinance to such officer (hereinafter in this
Ordinance referred to as 'the collector') as may be
appointed by :regulations to collect such light dues:
Provided that dues shall not be payable more than
ten times in any one year in respect of the same ship.
(2) Where in any one year a ship-
(a) departs on a round voyage from the port
at which it is registered, and ·
(b) after such departure enters any port or
place within the Federation more than
once in. the. course of such voyage,
AmcndmCDt
o( section 6.
100 21 OF 1961
light dues shall be payable under the provisions of
sub-section (l) in respect of the first such entry only.
(3) There shall be exempted from the payment of
liglit dues under this Ordinance-
(a) ships belonging to or chartered by the Government
of the Federation or the Government of
any part of the Commonwealth;
(b) foreign ships of war;
(c) ships of under fifteen tons;
(cf) fishing craft;
(e) such other class or description of ships as the
Minister may by order prescribe.".
4. (I) Section 6 of the principal Ordinance is hereby
amended-
(a) by substituting for the words "maintenance and
improvement of navigational aids'' appearing in
sub-section (3) thereof the words "establishment,
maintenance and improvement of lighthouses,
buoys, beacons and other navigational aids";
(b) by adding thereto the following new sub-section:
"(5) All expenses incurred in connection with
the .administration of the fund shall be paid out
of monies of the fund.".
(2) This section shall be deemed to have come into
operation on the thirtieth day of April, 1953.
Amendment 5. Section. 8 of the principal Ordinanc.e is hereby amended
-ofsecfion 8· by substituting for the words "Director of Marine" appearing
therein the word "Minister.".
[Received the Royal Assent
on the 19th day of July.
196].]
JW,.ULUMPUR
PUNTU> BY THE A(.TING G(>VDUOIOIT rannu. ~ND l'UIIUSKED n iVTKORlTY ON 27nl JUI-Y, 1961
Price: 20 cts.
ANNEX MM 106
Malaysia Act No. 26 of 1963 (Federation of Malaya) (extracts)
243
FEDERATION OF MALAYA
Act of Parliament
4..,,,. 4J. ~,Jt~f
4,,.,,., - Ph.:/ . -;~ I b ~--
No. 26 OF 1963
MALAYSIA ACT
An Act for Malaysia.
[ 1,~, f/1,3 1
WHEREAS on behalf of the Federation it has been agreed,
among other things, that the British colonies of North
Borneo and Sarawak and the State ·of Singapore shall be
federated with the existing States of the Federation as the
States of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, and that the name
of the Federation should thereafter be Malaysia;
AND WHEREAS, to give effect to the agreement, it is
necessary to amend the Constitution of the Federation so as
to provide for the admission of those States and for matters
connected therewith;
AND WHEREAS the Conference of Rulers has consented
to the passing of this Act in so far as it amends Articles 38
and 153 of the Constitution or otherwise affects the
privileges, position, honours or dignities of their Highnesses:
Now, THEREFORE, be it enacted by the Duli .Yang Maha
Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di•Pertuan Agong with
the advice and consent of the Dewan Negara and Dewan
Ra'ayat in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of
the same, as follows:
PART I
PRELIMlNARY
1. This Act may be cited as the Malaysia Act. Citation.
2. Except in so far as the contrary intention appears, this CommenceAct
shall come into force on the thirty-first day of August. ment.
nineteen hundred and sixty-three or such_ later day as may,
before the said thirty-first day of August, have been specified A. .1t.10
,, II 11 for the purpose by umclarnation of the Yang di-Pertuan ·tr--:-- o · i-lJ
Agong; and in this Act and in any other written law .LJI..V~J
"Malaysia Day" shall mean the day on which this Act
comes into force.
3. The Constitution shall be amended as shown in the sc~tions of
First Schedule to this Act, by inserting as Articles of the ~c~inse~ted
Constitution in accordance with that Schedule the sections !~1io~~
s11
·
of this Act specified in the second column, and those
sections shall be read and have effect accordingly:
The name,
States and
territories
of the
Federation.
(Article 1)
I nterprctation
of
constilu•
tional terms.
244 26 Of 1963
Provided that any Article so inserted shall have effect
subject to the transitional provisions contained in Part IV
of this Act.
PART II
THE STATES OF THE FEDERATION
4. (1) The Federation shall be known, in Malay and m
Eng!ish, by the name Malaysia.
(2) The States of the Federation shall be-
(a) the States of Malaya, namely, Johore, Kedah,
Kelantan, Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Pahang,
Penang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor and Trengganu;
and
(b) the Borneo States, namely, Sabah and Sarawak;
and
(c) the State of Singapore.
(3) The territories of each of the States mentioned in
Clause (2) are the territories comprised therein immediately
before Malaysia Day.
PART Ill
GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
TITLE I
GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO FEDERAL AND
STATE INSTITUTIONS
Chapter ]-Preliminary
5. In Article 160 of the Constitution, in Clause (2), there
shall be inserted (in the places required by the alphabetical
order and in substitution for the existing definition, if any,
of the same term) the following definitions:
"Attorney-General" means the Attorney-General of the
Federation;
"Chief Minister" and "Mentri Besar" both mean the
president, by whatever style known, of the Executive
Council in a State (and in particular "Chief Minister''
includes the Prime Minister in Singapore);
"Executive Council" means the Cabinet or other body,
however called, which in the government of a State
corresponds, whether or not the members of it are Ministers,
to the Cabinet of Ministers in the government of the Federation
(and in particular includes the Supreme Council in
Sarawak);
"Governor" means the Head of State, by whatever style
known, in a State not having a Ruler (and in particular
includes the Yang di-Pertua Negara in Sabah and the Yang
di-Pertuan Negara in Singapore);
288 26 OF 1963
State under this sub~section without the concurrence of the
Governor shall come into operation in the State until
S....V.. 4,,-1. :.:/b ~- adopted by an enactment of the Legislature.
L ti. ~. b-,) (6) Any provision made · y an order under this section
,,.. ._ i, . "';/,r:,< ~ ·1 ~
( "'J.£-F)
/4 ...... 4<J. ~1/!, ,-
(_, 1.,. o)
with respe~t to any law may be amended or repealed in
like manner as that
(7) Orders under this section may be made at any time
8.fter the passing of this Act, and references to the Governor
cf a State shall be construed accordingly; and as respects
the Federation orders under this section may be made to
have effect before Malaysia Day.
(S) Afl.y-power-to...make orderS- under this section .. shall
continue until the end. of August, 1965, and thereafter-till
P-ar!ia-ment--otherwise-. provides.
. (9) Any order under -&t:W section --tt+ shall be laid before
each House of P~Lrliament; and if either House, at or before
the second meeting begun after the order is laid before it,
resolves that the order or any provision in it be annulled,
lhe order or that provision of it shall cease to have effect,
but without prejudice to anything previously done there~
under.
(10) In this section "modification" includes amendment,
/ adaptation and repeal, and any power under this section
to make modifications includes power to provide for savings
and other transitional provisions.
Succ~ssion
, o pm perty.
75. (1) Subject to sections 78 and 79, any land which on
Malaysia Day is vested in any of the Borneo States or in
the State of Singapore, and was on the preceding day
occupied or used by the government of the United Kingdom
or of the State, or by any public authority other than the
government of the State, for purposes which on Malaysia
Day become federal purposes, shall on and after that day be
occupied. used, controlled and managed by the Federal
Government or, as the case may be, the said public
c1uthority, so long as it is required for federal purposes; and
that land-
(a) sl1all not be disposed of or used for any purposes
other than federal purposes without the consent
of the Federal Government; and
(b) shall not bv virtue of this sub-section be used for
federal purposes different from the purposes for
which it was used immediately before Malaysia
Day without the consent of the government of
the State and, where it ceases to be used for those
purposes and that consent is not given, shall be
ofiered to the State accordingly.
1-
MALAYSIA 289
(2) For the purposes of sub-section (1) "federal purposes"
includes the provision of government quarters for the
holders of federal office or employment; but that sub-section
shall not apply to any land by reason of its having been
used by any government for providing government'quarters
other than those regarded by that government as institutional
quarters.
(3) Property and assets other than land which immediately
before Malaysia Day were used by the government
of a Borneo State or of Singapore in maintaining government
services shall be apportioned between the Federation and
the State with regard to the needs of the Federal and State
governments respectively to have the use of the property
and assets for Federal or State services) and (subject to any
agreement to the contrary between the governments concerned)
a corresponding apportionment as at that date shall
be mad,e of other assets of the State (but not including land)
and of the burden, as between the Federation and the State,
of any financial liabilities of the State (including future debt
charges in respect of those liabilities); and there shall be
made all such transfers and payments as may be necessary
to give effect to any apportionment under this sub-section.
(4) In this section references to the government of a State
include the government of the territories comprised therein
before Malaysia Day.
76. (I) All rights, liabilities arid obligations rel a.ting to any
matter which wAs immediately before MHlays:a D,ty th~
r:!spomibi.lity of the government of a Borneo State _o~ _01
Singapore, but which on that day becomes the respons1b1llty
of the Federal Government, shall on that day devolve upon
the Federation, unless otherwise agreed between the Federai
Gpvernment and the government of the State
(/4) . <
(2f This section does not apply to any rights, liabilities
or obligations in relation to which section 75 has effect nor
does it have effect to transfer any person from service u'ricter
the S!ate to service under the Federation or otherwise affect
any nghts, liabilities or obligations arising from such service
?r fr~m any. cont~act of _empJ~yrnent; but,_ subject to th}l-t,
m this sect10n nghts, hab1ht1es and obhoations include
rights, Jiabilities and obligations arising frim contract or
otherwise.
(3) ~he Attorne~-General shall on the application of any
party 1~terested m any legal proceedings, other than
proceed1~gs b~twee!1 t.h.e Federa.tion_ an.d a State, certify
whether any nght, hab1hty or obhgat1on 1s by virtue of this
Succ;r..:_...,":i.i on
to ri1~hr.:!.
!Lt bi!, I ,cs
:ind
obug~:iOi"°l-S..
(),.,_.,_ 1/,t.-Jj•"i
(,J. 1. '3)
:'-.!ALAYS[A 291
78. (l) Where in a Borrieo State or in Singapore the State
government on Malaysia Day retains responsibility for any
matter by reason-
(a) of the matter being included for a limited period
in the Concurrent List; or
(b) of the making of an order under Article 95c of the
Constitution empowering the State Legislature to
pass laws about the matter;
but the matter would otherwise have become on Malaysia
Day the responsibility of the Federal Government, then
(subject to federal law) on that matter becoming the
responsibility of the Federal Government sections 75 and
76 and sub•sections (2) to (5) of section 77 shall apply
in connection with the transfer of responsibility for that
matter with the substitution of references to the day on
which it does so for the references to Malaysia Day.
(2) Where in a Borneo State or in Singapore the State
government retains responsibility for any matter under
a present law of the State continued in force under section
73, but the matter would otherwise have become on that
day the responsibility of the Federal Government, then--
(a) the purpo,1cs of that law shall not be treated as
federal purposes within the meaning of section 75
so Iong as the State government retains the
res pons i bi Ii ty thereunder; and
(b) sub.section (1) shall apply as it applies where the
State government retains responsibility for the
reasons there mentioned.
Succc,s.sion
on !u: urc
tr:-i. n-s Ci.! :s ot
-:-l!spon~i·
:;ii,::;.
79. (I) There ~h~ll on Malaysia Day vest in the Federal Defonce
L_ands Comf!11ss~oner (without payment) any land in b.nds.
Smgapore which 1s then leased or agreed to be leased by or
on behalf of th~ State. to the Services' Lands Board for the
purpos_es . specified m section 72 of the Singapore
{Const1tut10n) Order in Council, 1958.
(2) L.1.nd vested in the Federal Lands Commissioner bv
sub.section (I) shall vest in him for the term for which fr
was !eased or agreed to be leased to the Services' Larids
Board fa~ !he purposes there mentioned, and ori the terms
and cond1t1ons on which it was so leased or aoreed to be
leased, except that- "'
(a) the Federal Lands Coinmissioner shall take the
place of the Services' Lands Board·, and
MALAYSIA
PART II
SINGAPORE
List Us-Supplement to State List for Singapore
315
13. Education, including the matters specified in items 13-(a) and (b)
of the Federal List.
14. Medicine and health, including the matters specified in items 14 (a)
to (d) of the Federal List.
15. Labour and social security, including the matters specified in
items 15 (a) and (b), but not those specified in item 15 (c) of the Federal
List.
16. Pensions, gratuities and other like allowances. and compensation
for loss of office, in respect of service under the State (including any
government service in the State before Malaysia Day).
17. Factories; boilers and machinery; dangerous trades; dangerous and
inflammable substances.
18. Electricity; gas and gas works.
19. Itinerant hawkers.
List l lls-Supplemenr to Concurren1 List for Singapore
JO. Personal law relating to marriage, divorce, guardianship, maintenance,
adoption. family law, gifts or succession testate or intestate.
11. Loans to, or borrowing by, the State or statutory authorities
exercising powers vested in them by the State law in Singapore.
12. (a) Production, supply and distribution of goods, but not bounties
on production; price control and food control; adulteration of foodstuffs
and other goods:
(b) Imports into, and exports from, the Federation. but not bounties
on export;
(c) Insurance, including compulsory insurance;
(d) Auctions and auctioneers :
· (e) Industries; regulation of industrial undertakings;
(f} Banking; money-lending; pawnbrokers.
13. Shipping and navigation. including the matters specified in items
9 (a), (b), (c), (e) and (J) of the Federal List
14. Professional occupations other than those specifically enumerated
in the Federal List.
15. Unincorporated societies.
16. Charities and charitable trusts and institutions in the State (that is
to say, operating wholly within, or created and operating in, the State)
and their trustees, including the incorporation thereof and the regulation
and winding-up of incorporated charities and· charitable institutions
in the State.
17. Newspapers; publications; publishers; printing and printing presses.
18. Censorship.
19. Theatres ; cinemas ; cinema tograph films ; places of public amusement.
20. Until the end of August, 1968. and therea_fter until Parliament with
the concurrence of the State government otherwise provides. elections
to the Legislative Assembly.
ANNEX MM 107
Malaysia Act 1963 (UK), ss. 1~3
Rhodesia and Nyasa/and Act 1963 CH. 34, 35
" the Territories " means Southern Rhodesia, Northern
Rhodesia and Nyasaland, and " Territory " shall be
construed accordingly.
(3) The powers conferred by this Act shall be in addition to,
and not in derogation of, the pow em conferred by any other
enactment.
1: .... --. ·-·-- ••
... Ii ·,
1963 CHAPTER 35
Malaysia Act 1963
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
Section
1. Malaysia.
2. Consequential modifications of British Nationality Acts.
3. Operation of existing law.
4. Power to make consequential provisions.
5. Judicial arrangemeuts.
6. Short title ai!-d repeals·.
SCHFDULES :
Schedule 1-Exemptions from operation of s. 2(2) of Act.
Schedule 2-Provisions referred to in s. 3(2) of Act.
Schedule 3-Repeals. ·
An Act to make provision for and in connection with
the federation of North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya.
[31st July 1963]
BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and
with the advice and consent of the tords Spiritual and
Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament
assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:~
1.-{l) For the purpose of enabling· North Borneo, Sarawak Malaysia.
and Singapore (in this Act referred to as " the new States ") to
federate with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya
(in this Act referred to as "the Federation"), the Federation
thereafter being called Malaysia, on the day on which the new
States are federated as aforesaid (in this Act referred to as "the
appointed day ") Her Majesty's sovereignty and jurisdiction
in respect of the new States shall be relinquished so as to vest in
the manner agreed between the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, the Federation and the new States.
(2) Her Majesty may by Order in Council enact State Constitu~
tions to take effect for the new States immediately before the
appointed day.
881
882
Consequential
modifications
of British ·
Natioaality
Acts.
Operation
of existing
law.
CH. 35 Malaysia Act 1963
2.-(1) On and after the appointed day the British Nationality
Acts 1948 and 1958 shall have effect as if in subsection (3) of
section 1 of the Act of 1948 (which provides for persons to be
British subjects or Commonwealth citizens by virtue of citizenship
of certain countries) for the words "the Federation of Malaya,
the State of Singapore" there were substituted the word
" Malaysia".
(2) Save as provided by Schedule 1 to this Act, 1'UY person
who immediate_ly before the appointed day is a citizen of the
United Kingdom and Colonies shall on that day cease to be
such a citizen if on that day he becomes a citizen of the Federation.
(3) On and after the appointed day, section 6(2) of the British
Nationality Act 1948 (which provides for the registrJ.tion as a
citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies of a woman who
has been married to such a citizen) shall not apply to a woman
by virtue of her marriage to a person who on the appointed day
ceases to be such a citizen under subsection (2) of this section,
or would have done so if living on the appointed day.
(4) Part III of the British Nationality Act 1948 (which contains
supplemental provisions) shall have effect for the purposes of the
foregoing subsection and Schedule 1 to this Act as if those
provisions were included in that Act.
3.-(1) On and after the appointed day all law which, whether
being a rule of law or a provision of an Act of Parliament or of
any other enactment or instrument whatsoever, is in force on that
day or has been passed or made before that _day and comes into
force thereafter, shall, unless and until provision to the contrary
is made by Parliament or some other authority having power in
that behalf, and save as otherwise provided by this Act, have the
same operation in relation to the Federation, to any of the States
of the Federation, and to persons and things belonging to or
connected with the Federation or any of the States thereof, as it
would have apart from this subsection if the new _States had not
become included in the Federation and section 1 of this Act had
not been passed.
(2) The enactments specified in Schedule 2 to this Act shall
have effect on and after the appointed day in accordance with
the provisions of that Schedule.
(3) Th.is ·section ·applies to law of or of any part of the United
Kingdom, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man and, in
relation ooly to any e;nactment of the Parliament of the United
Kingdom or any Order in Council made by virtue of any such
enactment whereby any such enactment applies in relation to the
Federation or any territory which will be comprised therein on
and after the appointed day, to law of any other country or
te~ory to which that ·enactment or Order extends.
ANNEX MM 108
Proclamation of Singapore, 1965
MALAYSIA
HIS MAJESTY'S GOVERNMENT
Vol. IX
No. 3460.
Gazette
EXTRAORDINARY
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY
9th August, 1965
PROCLAMATION ON SINGAPORE
No. 16
In: the name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Praise be to
God, the Lord of the Universe, and may the benediction and
peace of God be upon Our Leader Muhammad and upon all
His Relations and Friends.
WHEREAS Malaysia was established on the 16th day of September,
1963, by a federation of the existing states of the Federation of
Malaya and the States of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore into one
independent and sovereign nation; -
AND WHEREAS by an Agreement made on the 7th day of August
in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five between the
Government of Malaysia of the one part and the Government of
Singapore of the other part it was agreed that Singapore should cease
to be a state of Malaysia and should thereupon become an
independent and sovereign -state and nation separate from and
independent of Malaysia; ·
AND WHEREAS it was also agreed by the parties to the said Agreement
that, upon the separation of Singapore from Malaysia, the
Government of Malaysia ·shall relinquish its sovereignty and
jurisdiction in respect of Singapore so that the said sovereignty and
jurisdiction shall on such relinquishment vest in the Government of
Singapore;
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GAZETTE
1848 [9th Aug .. 1965
Now in the name of God' t4e Compassionate, the Merciful,
I, TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL~HAJ IBNI
ALMARHUM SULTAN ABDUL HAMID HALIM SHAH,
Prime Minister of Malaysia, with the concurrence and approval of
His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, DO HEREBY
DECLARE AND PROCLAIM that, as from the 9th day of August
in the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty-five, Singapore
shall cease to be a State of Malaysia and shall forever be an
independent and sovereign state and nation , separate from: and
independent of Malaysia, and that the Government of Malaysia
recognises the present Government of Singapore as an independent
and sovereign government ·of Singapore l:lnd will always work in
friendship and co-operation with it.
Dated this 9th day of August, 1965.
TUNKTJ. ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA,
Perdana Menteri, Malaysia
PERISHTIHARAN ATAS SINGAPURA
Dengan nama Allah yang maha murah lagi mengasehani, segala puji2
bagi Allah yang maha kuasa dan selawat".serta .salam ka-atas
Junjongan kita nabi Mohammad dan keluarga serta sahabat
sahabat-nya.
BAHAWASA-NYA Malaysia telah di-tubohkan pada 16 haribu_lan
September, tahU:n 1963, dengan merri.persekutukan negeri neg~ri yang
ada pada masa itu dalam Persekutuan Tanah Melayu· d~ngan negeri
negeri Sabah, Sarawak dan Singapura menjadi sa-buah pegara y~ng
merdeka dan berdaulat. · · ·- · ·
DAN BAHAWASA-NYA mengikut suatu Perjanjian yang telah di-buat
pada 7 haribulan Ogos, tahun 1965 di-anta~-~ l<.erajaan Malaysia b_agi
satu pehak dan Kerajaan Singapura bagi satu pebak_lagi, maka. telah
di-persetujuI bahawa Singapura patut terhenti rnenjadi sa-:bu.ah negeri
dalam Malaysia dan dari masa .itu pa tut rnenja_di sa-buah negara yang
merdeka dan berdaulat berasingan dan bebas dari Malaysia. ·
DAN BAHAWASA-NYA telah juga di-persetuju1 oleh pehak pebak yang
membuat Perjanjian yang tersebut itu ·bahawa, sa-telah sahaja diasingkan
Singapura dari Malaysia maka Kerajaan Malaysia hendaklah
meluchutkan kedaulatan dan kuasa-nya berkenaan dengan
Singapura supaya kedaulatan dan kuasa yang tersebut itu ada-lah,
dari masa perluchutan itu, menjadi hak Kerajaan Singapura.
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT GAZETTE
9th Aug., 1965] 1849
MAKA dengan nama Allah yang maha mulia lagi mengasehani,
saya, TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA AL-HAJ IBNI ALMARHUM
SULTAN ABDUL HAMID HALIM SHAH, Perdana
Menteri Malaysia, dengan persetujuan dan di-perkenankan oleh Duli
Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong,
Malaysia, DENGAN INI MEMASHORKAN DAN MENGISHTIHARKAN
bahawa, mulai: daripada 9 haribulan Ogos, tahun 1965,
Singapura ada-lah terhenti menjadi sa-buah negeri dalam Malaysia
dan ada-lah menjadi bagi salama lama-nya sa-buah negara dan
bangsa yang merdeka dan berdaulat berasingan dan bebas dari
Malaysia, dan bahawa Kerajaan Malaysia mengiktirafkan Kerajaan
Singapura yang ada sekarang ini sa-bagai sa-buah Kerajaan Singapura
yang merdeka dan berdaulat dan akan sentiasa berkerjasama
dan bersahabat dengan-nya.
Bertarekh pada 9 haribulan Ogos, 1965.
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN PUTRA,
Perdana Menteri, Malaysia
ANNEX MM 109
Interpretation Act, No. 10 of 1965 (Singapore) (extract)
108
Short title.
Interpretation
of
certain
words and
expressions.
Cap. 119 ..
ACTS SUPPLEMENT
REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE
No. 10 of 1965.
I assent.
YUSOF BIN ISHAK,
President.
23rd December. 1965.
Date of coming into operation: 28th December, 1965.
An Act to define certain terms and expressions used in
written law and to make provision for the constructzon,
interpretahon and publication of written law and for
matters connected therewith.
Be it enacted by the President with the advice and
consent of the Parliament of Singapore, as follows:-
1. This Act may be cited as the Interpretation Act, 1965.
Part I.
GENERAL PROVISIONS OF INTERPRETATION.
2.-(l) In this Act, and in every written law enacted
before or after the commencement of this Act, the following
words and· expressions shall, without prejudice to anything
done prior to the coming into operation of this Act,
have the meanings respectivdy assigned to them unless
there is something in the subject or context inconsistent
with such construction or unless it is therein otherwise
expressly provided: -
"abet", with its grammatical variations and cognate
expressions, has the same meaning as in the Penal
Code;
"Accountant-General" means the Accountant-Genen1}
of Singapore;
ACTS SUPPLEl\1ENT NO. 3 DECEMBER 28. 1965
"rules of court", when used in relation to any court,
means rules made by the authority having for the
time being power to make rules or orders regulating
the practice and procedure of such court,
together with the forms necessary thereto;
"Secretary to the Cabinet" means the Secretary to the
Cabinet appointed in accordance with the provi-.
sions of the Constitution;
"service by post'', where an Act authorizes or requires
any document to be served by post, whether the
expression "serve", "give" or "send" or any
other expression is used, then, unless a
contrary intention appears, the service shall be
deemed to be effected by properly addressing,
prepaying and posting a letter containing the
document, and, unless the contrary is proved, shall
be deemed to have been effected at the time at
which the letter would be delivered in the ordinary
course of post;
"ship" includes every description of vessel used 1n
. navigation not exclusively prope11ed by oars or
paddles;
''sign", with its grammatical variations and cognate
expressions, with reference to a person who is
unable to write his name, includes "mark" with
its grammatical variations and cognate expressions;
"Singapore" means the Republic of Singapore and shall
be deemed to include the Island of Singapore and
all is1ands and places which on the 2nd day of June,
1959, were administered as part of Singapore and
all territorial waters adjacent thereto;
"Solicitor-General" means the Solicitor-General of
Singapore;
"Speaker" means the Speaker of the Parliament elected
in accordance with the provisions _of the Constitution;
"States of Malaya" means the States of Johore, Kedah,
Ke1antan, Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Pahang,
Penang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor and Trengganu,
which constitute part of Malaysia;
"statutory dedaration", if 1nade -
(a) in Singapore, means a declaration made under
the StatutOI)' Dedarations Ordinance~ Cilp. 9.
113
ANNEX MM 110
Petroleum Agreement Under Section 9 of the Petroleum Mining
Act, 1966 in Respect of Off-shore Lands between the Government
of Malaysia and Continental Oil Company of Malaysia Concerning
24,000 (Approximate) Square Miles of the Continental Shelf
Adjacent to the East Coast of West Malaysia, 16 April 1968
(extracts)
Petroleum Agreement
UNDER SECTION 9 OF THE PETROLEUM MINING ACT. 1966
lN RESPECT OF OFF-SHORE LANDS
SIGNED ON 16TH APRIL, 1968
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA
AND
CONTINENTAL OlL COMPANY OF MALAYSIA
CONCERNING 24,000 (APPROXIMATE)
SQUARE MlLES OF THE CONTINENTAL
SHELF ADJACENT TO THE EAST COAST
OF WEST MALAYSIA
01-CHET.\K Dr-J, B \ T.,N C>flT.,>: KER ,J.H'l
Ol~ll THOR BENG C/IONG .. ,.M.~ .. PENCHEf\K 1-'.ERM,,.\N
KU.\lh LUMPUR
1968
PETROLEUM AGREEMENT UNDER SECTION 9 OF THE
PETROLEUM MINING ACT, 1966. IN RESPECT OF OFF-SHORE
LANDS SIGNED ON 16TH APRIL, 1968. BETWEEN THE
GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA AND CONTINENTAL OIL
COMPANY OF MALAYSIA CONCERNING 24.000 (APPROXIMATE)
SQUARE MILES OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF
ADJACENT TO THE EAST COAST OF WEST MALAYSIA
THIS AGREEMENT is made the 16th day of April. 1968. BEtWEEiN: the
GOVERNMENT OF MALA YSlA (in this Agreement called "the
Government") of the one pan AND CONTINENTAL OIL COMPANY
OF MALAYSIA (in this Agreement called !'the Company" which
expression shall where the context allows include its successors and
assigns) of the other part.
WHEREAS-
(A) The Company has applied to .the Government undet the
Petroleum Mining Act. I 966 for a petroleum agreement in
respect of certain lands specified in the First Schedule to this
Agreement:
(8) The Government has agreed to enter into a petroleum agreement
under the terms and t.ogether with the benefit of but
subject to the provisions in this Agreement specified.
Now THJS AGREEMf:NT WJTNESSETH as follows:
PART l
DEFINITIONS
I. In this Agreement the following expressions (excepl where the
context otherwise requires) have the following meanings:
"Agreement Period" means the period during which this Agreement
subsists as determined under the provisions of Clause 59. and "Agreement
Year" means a year commencing on che dace or anniversary
of the commencement of the Agreement Period;
"barrel" means 42 U.S. gallons or 9702 cubic inches, being equivalent
to 34.9726 Imperial gallons;
"casinghead petroleum spirit" m_c:ans any liquid hydrocarbons
obtained from natural gas (before the crude oil from which it is
derived has been measured for royalty) by separation or by any
chemical or physical process;
"crude oil" means mineral oil in its natural state before the same
has been refined or otherwise treated but exdudi ng water and foreign
substances;
"development phase .. means 1he period during which 1he Company's
activities are di rectcd towards the prod u..:t ion of pc troleu m from the
Scheduled Lands:
··exploration phast:" mcans the period during which the Company's
acti,., i ti es a re directed tow a rd s the fin.ding and sea n:h mg for petroleum
on the Scheduled Lands. and sha!! include the extended exploration
phase as hereunder defined;
.. extendcd explofacion ph.ise" means the period of exploration
extended under Clause 59 {3);
~tu.nit"li;of
t-tpir~,•.i\ ■ n, i.i
Ai.-:recmC!'\~.
2
"five Agreement Years" means a period of five years beginning
from the dale of the commencement of the first or the sixth or the
eleventh Agreement Y..:ar, as the case may be;
"Minister" means Minister charged with the responsibility for lands
and mines;
"natural gas" means gas obtained from boreholes and wells and
consisting primarily of hydrocarbons:
"Part" and "Clause" means respectively a Part and a Clause of this
Agreement;
"petroleum" means any mineral oil or relative hydrocarbon and
natural gas existing in its natural condiiion and casinghead petroleum
spirit but does not include coal or bituminous shales or other stratified
deposits from which oi I can be extracted by destructive d isti Ila tion;
"petroleum in commercial quantity" means the discovery of reserves
of petroleum in such quantities which will permit their being economically
developed. taking into considera1ion the location of the reserves,
the depths and number of wells required to be drilled and the transport
and terminal fac iii ti es needed to, exploit the reserves which have been
discovered:
"posted price" means the Lo.b. price published by the Company
from time 10 time in accordance with Clause 18 (a) for each. grade,
gravity and quality of petroleum offered for sale to buyers generally
for export al the relevant point of export, which price shall be: a
price established with due regard to any posted prices for petroleum
of comparable grade_ gravity and quality in the Persian Gulf and
having regard to geographical location;
"Scheduled Lands" means the area of continental shelf spcciaed
in the First Schedule to this Agreement and subject to the provisions
of Part IV and 1he following proviso shall be deemed to be: 24.000
square miles:
P1-.,vided that if following the more particular determina,ion of the
boundaries of such Scheduled Lands after the signing of this Agreement
the area thereof as fixed by survey shall be ascertained to be
greater or Jess than 24,000 square miles the area so ascertained shall
thereupon for the purpose of this Agreement be deemed to be the
area comprised therein at the date hereof in substitution for the said
area of 24,000 square miles, and any payments which may have been
made under Clause [ l (fixed yearly payment) hereof before such
ascertainment shall be adjusted accordingly.
PART II
AGREEMENT
2. In consideration of the expenditure commitments and payments
10 be ·made by the Company specified in Parts V and VI. the Government
hereby GRANTS to the Company the rights specified in
Part HI in respect of the Scheduled Lands TO EXERCISE AND
ENJOY all and every the said rights for the Agreement Period subject
to the provisions for surrender contained in Part IV and together
with the benefit of but subiect to the other stipulations and provisioos
contained in Pans Vil co XII inclusive_
31
FJRST Sc:HEDULE
(Clause 1)
SCHEDULED LANDS
The whole of the area of the Continental Shelf off the East Coast of
West Malaysia, South of latitude 5 ° 00' 00" North extending to the
International Boundaries wherever they may be established, which area
for the purpose of identification only is edged in red on the plan annexed
hereto and is described as follows :
Starting at point H three miles offshore from the East Coast of
West Mfl.laysia, point H being latitude 5° 00' 00" North and
approximately longitude 103° 22' 00" East thence by straight lines
to pain ts G, I. J, K, L, M, N. 0 as listed below and thence
Northward to point P. three miles offshore from Tanjong Ayam
on the South Eastern Coast of West Malaysia. being approximately
latitude 1° I 7' 00" North and longitude 104° 12' 00" East and
thence following a line three miles from the base lines from which
the territorial waters of the States of Johore, Pahang and Trengganu
are measured back to JX>int H but excluding the islands of the States
and an area three miles from the base lines from which the
territorial waters of such islands are measured.
Point Latitude North Longitude: East
H 50 00' 00" 103° 22' 00" (approx.)
G 5" 00' 00" l 05 ° 39' 00"
I 40 06' 00" 105 ° 00' 00"
J 30 00' 00" 104° 56' 00"
K l., 52' 00" 105 ° 23, 30"
L 1 0 50' 00" 104 ° 55' 30"
M l" 29' 30" 104° 35' 30"
N 1" 19' 30" 104 ° 29' 30",
0 l C 13' 00" 104 ° 13' 00" ,
p Io 17' 00" {approx.) 104° 12' 00" (approx.)
:-6"!1 . ' .
:C2"!:: \__ lOJ• 10~• 105"
'"--~ MAP QF I CQNCtSS!bN
••• ,ii,
\ ..... ·······•• .
. '...s-• __ _,___,,..........,---+,__·____.~A~~......,.__,..r-",_..-c-"""""".....,..~~t,t,;,-~"""'".,.._,.,~1~""-f
j
.
i
!
i
. !
:...4•----'------,....,--~,,.,.._..,,.._""--"'<,..,.P.......--:~--"r-...,.,...~~..,.,,..---,.......,..-........a➔
~- Sth/TH. C1-IN,t.
Sl:A
-.---·,,. !··--~~.:- L~liWQE,_ . ·L~·
I.
L
. :.·:.·::: ·.·:!:$·:
:,o · ,r,o,-.ovct wOQ"· ~~"·· .~u.· 0$00~'.' t----:........,.__μ...,\..,:i..,...~~-'-',,-..-l~~--~-~
. ,. .... 90' blr- ,10'4!' ,~;- i<r'
' ,. ~-SO" ~ J:f" »~
.. , •. ,.. w io:>4'"~,o"
J .. is-~- ·10,1,.01i', 00"
. ~ ... rr O<I. '°"' er· 04•
ti? 21:J . . ':<:i 11..... '
o· 10, . ZO · ~ Mi..
CQNCESS'l<lN. AR~A REFERRED TO ·IN- THIS AGAEtME;NT
ANNEX MM 111
Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance No. 7 of 1969 (Malaysia)
P.U. (A) 307 A. 968-(6)
P.U. (A)
US/69.
P.U. (A)
94/69.
Citation.
LAWS OF MALAYSIA
Ordinance 7
EMERGENCY (ESSENTIAL J»OWERS)
ORDINANCE, No. 7 1969
An Ordinan~ promulgated by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
under Article 150 (2) of the Constitution. ·
[ 1
WHE~S by reason. of the existenc~ of a grave emergency
tbreatemng the secunty of Malaysia, a Proclamation of
Emergency has been issued by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
under Article 150 of the Constitution;
AND WHEREAS Parliament was dissolved on the twentieth
day of March, 1969, and elections to the new Dewan Ra'ayat
have not been completed;
AND WHEREAS the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is satisfied
that immediate action is required for an Ordinance to be
promulgated for the delimitation of the territorial waters of
Malaysia;
lT IS HEREBY ENACTED by the DuH Yang Maha
Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di.:Pertuan Agong pursuant
to Clause (2) of Article 150 of the Constitution as
follows;
1. This Ordinance may be ci(ed as the Emergency (Essential
Powers) Ordinance, No. 7 1969.
Applicatio11. 2. This Ordinance shall apply throughout Malaysia.
Breadth of
territorial
waters.
3. ( 1) It is hereby declared that the breadth of the territoria~
waters of Malaysia shall be twelve nautical miles _and suc breadth shall be measured in accordance with Articles 3, 4•
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 of the Geneva Convention _on
the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone {1958), which
Articles are set out in the Schedule hereto.
(2) In applying the aforesaid Articles, the expression
"territorial sea" occurring therein shall be construed as
"territorial waters".
Modific;uion 4. (1) Except as provided in sub-section (2), any refe~enc~
oflaws. occurring in any written law to territorial waters shall I~ st
far-as such reference affects federal law be construed subJeG
to· the provisions of this Ordinance.
968-(7) P.U. (A) 307A.
(2) For the purposes of the Continental Shelf Act, 1966, Act.i•y.57
petroleum Mining Act, 1966, and the National Land Code <J ~9~ 58 Act 1965, any reference to territorial waters appearing in oh96;_any'
of these Acts shall be construed without reference to Act. No. 56
the provisions of this Ordinance. of
1965
·
5, (1) So soon hereafter as may be possible or thereafter Publicatioo
from time to time as he may consider n~cessary the Yang ~~k:~Pdi-
Pertuan Agong shall cause to be published a large-scale
roap in~i~ating the low water marks, t~e ~aselines, the
outer hm1ts and the areas of the terntonal waters of
Malaysia.
(2) A copy of such map shall be published in the Gazette
for general information.
6. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong shall, pursuant to any ~odifica•
agreement entered into b~ween Malaysia and a~ot~r !~~~rial
coastal State, by order modify the areas of the terntonal waters.
waters of Malaysia; and any modification so made shall be
indicated in a large-scale map and a copy thereof shall be
published in the Gazette for general information.
7. In any proceedings before any court in Malaysia if ques- Evidence.
tion arises as to whether an act or omission has taken place
within or without the territorial waters. of Malaysia, a certificate
to that effect purported to be signed by or on behalf
of the Minister charged with the responsibility for external
affairs shall be received in evidence and shall be prima facie
proof of the facts stated therein.
SCHEDULE
(Section 3)
GENEY A CONVENTION ON THE TERRITORIAL SEA AND TIIE
CONTIGUOUS ZONE (1958)
ARTICLE 3
Exeept where otherwise provided in these Articles, the riormal
baseline for measuring the breadth of the territorial sea is the lowwater
line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially
recognised by the coastal State. ·
ARTICLE 4
I. ~ localities where the coast line is deeply indented and· cut into, ~h if there is a fringe of.island along the-coast in its immediate .vicinicy,
C.:.
1
metho~ of str~ight baseline~ join_ing ap~ropriate points may be .
le~ oy~ m drawing the basehne from which the breadth of the
rntona} sea is measured.
!/he drawing of such baselines must not depart to any appreciable wi.J:I! b-?m. the general directi?n- of the coast, and the sea areas lying
lo be tli: hnes must be suffi.c1enl!y closely linked to the land domain
SUbJect to. the regime of inlema 1 waters.
P-.U. {A) 307A. 968-(8)
3. Baselines shall not be drawn to and from low-tide elevatio _
lighthouses or similar installations which are pennanently abs, utiles.s,
level have been built on them. _ ove Sea
4. Where the method of straight baselines is applicable und
provisions of paragraph l, account may be taken; in dete er_ ~
particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the nui~g
concerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly evidr;g:ton
by a long usage. nced,
5. The system of straight baselines may not be applied by a Stat .
such a manner as to cut off from the high seas the territorial se; "! /
another State. Ol
6. The coastal State must clearly indicate straight baselines on cba ts
to which due publicity must be given. 1
•
ARTICLE 6
. The 01:1-ter limit of the territorial se'.1 is the line every point of which
1s at a distance from _the nearest pomt of the baseline equal to the
breadth of the t~rritorial sea.
ARTICLE. 7
1. This Article relates only to bays. the coast of which belong to a.
single State.
2. For the purposes of these Articles, a bay .is a _well-marked indentation
whose penetration is in such proportion to the width of its mouth
as• to contain land-locked waters and constitute more than a mere
curvature of the coast as a bay unless.·its area is .as: large as. or larger
than, that of the semi-circle whose diameter is a line drawn across the
mouth of that indentation. .
3. For the purpose of measurement, the area of an indentation is that
lying between the low-water mark around the shore of the indentation
and a line joining the low-water marks of its natural entrance points.
Where, because of the presence of islands, an indentation has more than
one mouth, the semi-eircle shall be drawn on a line as long as the sum
total of the lengths of the lines across the different mouths. Islands
within an indentation shall be included as if they were part of the water
area of the indentation.
4. If the distance between the low-water marks of the natural entrance
points of a bay does not exceed twenty-four miles. a closing line may
be drawn between. these two low-water marks, and the waters enclosed
thereby shall be considered.as internai waters.
5. Where the distance between the low-water marks of the· nat0?1
entrance points of a bay exceeds twenty-four miles. a straight ba5ehne
of twenty-four miles shall be drawn within the bay in such _a man~er ai
to enclose the maximum· area of water that is possible with a Ime 0
t~at _ length.
6. The toregoing provisions shall not apply to so-called . "bistori~
bays, or in any case where the straight baseline system provided for
Article 4 is applied.
MlTICLE 8
For the purpose of deli~iting the te~ritorial sea, the ou~e:i;
pennanent harbour works whtch form an mtegral part of the a
system shall be regarded as fanning part of the coast.
968-(9) P.U. (A) 307A.
ARTICLE 9
Roadsteads which are nonnaUy used for the loading, uuloading and
anchoring of ships, and which would otherwise be situated wholly or
partly outside the outer limit of the territorial sea, are included in the
tertitorial sea. The coastal State must clearly demarcate such roadsteads
and indicate them on charts together with their boundaries, to which due
publicity must be given.
ARTICLE 10
L An island is a naturally-formed area of land, surrounded by water,
which is above water at high-tide.
2. The territorial sea of an island is measured in accordance with the
provisions of these Articles.
ARTlCLE 11
L A low-tide elevation is a naturally-fanned area of. land which is
surrounded by and above water at low-tide but submerged at high-tide.
Where a low-tide elevation is situated ~•holly or partly at a distance
not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainlaiid ·or· an
island, the low-water line on that elevation may be used as the baseline
for measuring the br~adth of the territorial sea. -
2. Where a low-tide elevation is wholly situated at a distance exceeding
the breadth of the territorial sea from the mainland or an islai:id, it has
not territorial sea of its own. ·
Alt.TICLE 12
L Where the coast of two States are opppsite or adjacent to each
other, neither of the two States is entitled, failing agreement betw~n
them to the contrary. to ·extend its territorial sea beyond the median
line every point of which is equidistant from the nearest points on the
baselines from which the breadth of the territorial seas of each of the
two States is measured. The provisions of this paragraph shall not
apply. however. where it is necessary by reason of historic title or other
special cucumstances to delim.it _the territorial seas of the two States in
a way which is at variance with this provision.
2. The line of delimitation between the territorial seas of two States
lying opposite to each other or adjacent to each other shall be marked
on large-scale charts officially recognised by the coastal States.
ARTICLE 13
. ll a river flows directly into the sea, the baseline shall be a straight
line across the mouth of the river between points on the low-tide line
of its banks.. ·
Promulgated at lstana Negara, Kuala Lumpur, on the
Second day of August, 1969_
tUANKU ISMAIL NASIRUDDIN SHAH,
Yang di-Pertuan Agong
ANNEX MM 112
Light Dues Act No.12 of 1969 (Singapore) (extracts)
LIGHT DUES
REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE
No. 12 of 1969.
I assent.
@ YUSOF BIN ISHAK.
President.
26£11 December, 1969.
Ari Act to establish a corporation to be known as the Sing~1-
pore -~ight Dues )3oard and to repeal and re-enact with
ainendments the Light Dues Ordinance, 1957 (No. 6 of
1957).
Be it enacted by the President with the advice and consent
of the Parliament of Singapore. as follows: -
Part I.
PRELIMINARY.
19
l. This Act may be cited as the Light Dues Act, 1969, and Short titk
s h a ll come m- to operati· on on sueh d ate as t he M"1 m· ster may, amnedn cceomrne-nt.
by l_)Otification in the Gazette, appoint. ·
2. Iri this )~_ct, unless the context otherwise requires-.
"the Board" means the Singapore Light Dues Board
esta_blished under section -J- of this Act;
lnterpr.:·
tation.
·"Director of Marine" 1i1eans the Director of Marine
appointed under section 9 of the Merchant Ship- Cap. :!07.
ping Ordinance;
~Establish7
.ment and.
incorporation
of the
Singapore
Light ou·es
;TI.-i.:'!i"d.
Quorum.
NO. 12 OF 1969
'"the Fund" means the Light Dues Fund established
under section 20 of this Act;
"light dues" means the light dues payable under section
22 of this Act;
"ship" includes every description of vessel used in
navigation and not propelled by oars;
"Singapore" means the Republic of Singapore and
shall be deemed to include the Island of Singapore
and· all islands-and places which on the 2nd day of
June, 1959, were administered as part of Singapore·
and all territorial waters adjacent thereto;
"vessel" indudes any ship or boat or any other description
of vessel used in navigation.
Part II.
THE SINGAPORE LIGHT DUES BOARD.
3.-(1) There is hereby established a body to be known
. as the "Singapore Light Dues Board", which shall be a
body corporate with perpetual succession and a common
· seal and which may sue and be sued in its corporate name
and· perform such other acts as bodies corporate may by
law perform.
(2) The Board shall consist of a Chairman and eight other
members, all of whom shall be appointed by the Minister.
(3) The Chairman and other members of the Board shall,
unless their appointment is revoked by the Minister under
the provisions of subsection (5) of this section or unless they
resign during their period of office, each hold office for such
period not exceeding three years as the Minister may think
fit, and shall be eligible for reappointment on completion
of such .period.
(4} The Minister may appoint any suitable person to be a
temporary Chairman or temporary member of the Board
during the absence or incapacity owing to illness or otherwise
of the Chairman or other member of the Board.
(5) The Minister may at any time revoke the appointment
of the Chairman or any other member of the Board.
4.~(l) The quorum at all meetings of the Board shall be
five members present, and no business shall be transacted
unless a quorum is present.
LIGHT DUES
(2) The· Chairman, or in his absence such member as the
members of the Board present shall select, shall preside at
meetings of the Board.
(3) A decision of the majority of the members of the ~oard
present and voting at a meeting of the Bo.ard shall q_e deemed
to be a· decision of the Board.
(4) In the event of the votes for and against any question
being equal, the Chairman or in his absence the member
presiding at th~ meeting of the Board as provided in subsection
(2) of this section shall have a casting vote in addition
to his original vote.
2t
5. Subject to the provisions of subsection (1) of section 4 vacancie;;.
of this Act, the Board shall not be preclμded from holding
any meeting or acting in any matter merely by reason of any
vacancy in its membership.
6. Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may Rules.
make rules for the conduct of its proceedings.
7. It.' shall be the duty of the Board to aid the safe navi- Duties of
gat1. 0n of s h.1 ps by prov1·c t·m g and mam. tam. m. g, as t he Bo ar d the Boa. rd
considers necessary~ lighthouses, buoys, beacons and other
navigational aids in Singapore and the approaches thereto.
at Pedra Branca (Horsburgh), at Pulau Pisang and at such
other places as the Board may think fit.
8.--(I) Subject to the provision_s of this Act, the Board Pow.::rs l'l
may carry on s_uch activities as appear to the Board to be the Bo.-inl -
advantageous, necessary or convenient for it to carry on for.
or in connection ·with, the discharge of its· duties under this
Act and, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing,
the Board may exercise any or all of the following
powers:-
(a) acquire, purchase, take, hold and enjoy movable and
immovable property of every description and
sell, convey, assign, surrender and yield up.
charge, mortgage, demise, reassign, transfer or
otherwise dispose o_f, or deal with, any movable
or immovable property vested in the Board upon
such terms and conditions as to the Board seem
fit;
(b) acquire, hire, procure, construct, erect, manufacture.
provide, opernte. maintain or repair anything
whntsoever, whether movable or immovable,
required by the Board for the purposes of this
Act;.
LIGHT DUES 23
9. Upon the corning into operation of this Act - Vesting
.:if the
(a) the Light Dues Board and the Light Dues Fund ~~ahr~·~ues
established under the Light Dues Ordinance, a1.sshe.1l~ .a nd
1a I rues
I 9 5 7, shall cease to exist; in the
B.:iard.
(b) all sums and .other assets standing to the credit of Ord/
the Light Dues Fund established under the said O 1 57
•
Ordinance shall forthwith be paid to the account
of or ·be transferred to the credit of the Light
Dues Fund established under section 20 of this
Act;
{c) all the assets and movable and immovable property
of every description and all the powers, rights
and privileges in connection therewith or appertaining
thereto which immediately before the
date of the coming into operation of this Act
were vested in the Light Dues Board established
under the said Ordinance shall forth.with be
transferred to and vest in the Board without
further assurance and freed and discharged from
any trust whatsoever, bnt subject nevertheless to
the provisions of this Act; and
(d) all liabilities and obligations of the Light Dues
Board established under the said Ordinance
which may have existed immediately prior to the
date of the coming into operation of this Act
shall be transferred to and vest in the Board.
10.-(1) There may be transferred to the Botrrd for the 1ransfcr of -. . . h l,overnmcnt ·.purposes of this Act, such lands, bmldmgs and ot -er pro~ proreny to
perty, movable or immovable, vested in or belonging to the· ~~~ ~~a
rd
-Government as the Minister for Finance may think fit, and purp.:ises of
any Ia n ds , b m" }d"m gs an d ot•n er property so ..t rans fe rred s h a 11 this Act.
·ve~t in the Board without further assurance.
(2) Upon such transfer, alt debts, liabilities and obligations
in connection with or appertaining to such lands,
buildings and other property shall also be transferred to and
be deemed to have been incurred by the Board.
11. The Board may from time to time appoint and employ Employ:
·such officers and servants as may be necessary for the pur- ~ffi~~r~,t
·poses of this Act and shall have power to dismiss them as it and
• servan 1s .
,thmks fit. .
ANNEX MM 113
Fisheries Act, Act 317 of 1985 (Malaysia) (extracts)
LAWS OF MALAYSIA
Act 317
FISHERIES ACT 1985
7
An Act relating to fisheries, including the conservation,
management and development of maritime and
estuarine fishing and fisr"",.;es, in Malaysian fisheries
waters, to turtles and ine fishi.ng in Malaysia
and to matters conneL therewith or incidental
thereto.
[ ]
WHERe.AS it is expedient to consolidate and amend
the written law relating to fisheries, including the conservation.
management and development of maritime
and estuarine fishing and fisheries, in Malaysian
fisheries waters and to turtles and riverine fishing in
Malaysia;
AND WHEREAS by <:;tause (1) of Article 74 of tha
Federal Cor1'ititution Parliament may make la:w5 with
respect tor- of the matter ~numerated in the Federal
List or th-. :oncurrent L . and whereas fisheries.
including rr. :ime and estL .ctne fishing and fisheries
(excluding c.:rtJes), is a matter enumerated in the
Federal List under item 9 of List I of the Ninth
Schedule to the Federal Constitution and maritime
and estuarine fishing and fisheries are also matters
enumerated in the Concurrent List under item 12
?f List Il1A of the said Ninth Schedule in respect
o( the States of Sahah and Sarawak;
AND WHEREAS by Clause (1) (b) of Article 76 of the
Federal Constitution Parliament may make laws with
respect te any matter enumerated in the State List for
the purpose of promoting uniformity of the laws of
two or more States, and whereas turtles and riverine
[Pt. I. S. l-21
8 ACT 317
Short ii t!e.
a.pplicatioa.
and com•
rncnceme:nt.
fishing are matters enumerated in the State List under
item ! 2 of List II of the :,-Jinth Schedule of the
Fcdenl Constitution:
:-S:ow, THH.EFORE, pursuant to the relevant provi:sions
of the Federal Constitution BE IT ENACTED by the
~u!i Yang Maha ~ulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang
di-Pertuan Agong with the advice and consent of the
Dewan Negara and Dewan Rakyat in Parliament
assembled, and by the authority of the sa1I1e, a.a
follows:
PART I
PREL IMil'f ARY
1. < I) This Act mav be cited as the Fisheries Act 1985
and shall apply in Malaysian fisheries waters and.
subject to subsection (2), in riverine waters within the
jurisdiction of each of the States in Malaysia and of
the Federation in respect of the Federal Territories of
Kuala Lumpur and Labuan.
(2) This Act shall come into operation on such date
. as the Minister may appoint by notification in ·the
_ Gazette and the Minister may appoint different dates
- for the comii;ig into operation of different provisions
of this Act in different areas: ·
Interpr-eta•
tion.
Ord. 70/JZ.
Provided that the provisions of this Act insofar as
they relate to turtles and ·riverine fishing in any
State in Malaysia shall not come into operation· in
that State until they have been adopted by a law
made by the Legislature of that State.
2. In this Act, unless. the context otherwise requ~
"aquaculture" means the propagation of fish seed or
the raising of fish through husbandry during the whole
or part of its tif e cycle;
"authorized officer" means the Director•Gener3.4 a _
Deputy Director.General of Fi~hcries,. a fisheries
oOk::cr,. a port officer as deft ned 1n section 2 of the
Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952, the commanding
officer of any Government naval vessel or Government
aircraft, the commanding officer of any Government
marine police vessel or any other pe~on or class of
persons appointed to be ~ authorized officer or
authorized officers under section 36;
...... ,
F1SHER!ES
[Pt. I., S. lJ
9
"culture system" means any establishment structure
or facility employed in aquaculture and ia~ludes onbottom
culture, cage culture, hanging-net culture, p:!.n
culture, pond culture, pole or stick culture, raceway
culture, raft culture, rope culture and hatchery;
"Director-General" means the Director-General of
Fisheries appointed under this Act;
"estuarine waters" means the waters of a river extending
from the mouth of the river-
(a) up to the point upstream penetrated by sea
wMer a;t neap tides; and
(b) in the case of the State o[ Sarawak:, up to the
limits set by the Mini3ter, Ylith the concurrence
of the State Authority, in regulations made
under this Act;
"exclusive economic zone" means the exclusive
economic zone of Malaysia as determined in accordance
with the Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1984; ,tr:r 111.
"fish" means any aquatic animal or plant life, sedentary
or not, and includes all species of finfish, crustacea.
mollusca, aquatic mammals, or their eggs or spawn, fry,
fingerling, spat or young, but does not include any
species of otters, turtles or their eggs;
"fish-aggregation device" means any structure or
device of a permanent or semi-perm.anent nature made
from any material and used to lure or aggregate fish;
"fish seed" means fish egg or liμva or post-larva of
fish or the spawn, fry or fingerling of fish;
"fisheries officer" means a fisheries officer or deputy
fisheries officer appointed under section 4;
"fisheries plan" means any of the plans related to
fisheries prepared by the Dircctor•General under Part
Ill;
"fishery" means any one or more stocks of fish which
can be treated as a unit for the purposes of their conservation,
management and development and includes
fishing for any such stocks, and aquaculture;
"fishmgt' means-
(a) the ca_tching, taking or killing of fish by any
method;
[Pt. I, S. l)
10 Acr 3i.7
(h) the attempted catching, taking or killing of fish;
(c) engaging in any activity which can reasonably
be expected to result in the catching, taking or
killing of fish; or
(d) any operation in support of. or ill preparation
for, any activity described in paragraph (a), (b)
or (d of this definition;
"fishing appliance" includes a fishing net, a fishing
trap, and any gear, wilh or w~thout floaits, buoys or
~inkers, designed for capturing fish but does not
include-
(a) any such gear of the hook-and-line tY :'C having
not more than two hook5; and
(b) a cast net of the type kno-,vn, as "jala".
"fishing stakes" means any device uied for fishing
which is made up of poles or other supports fixed into
the ground and enclosed by ramie, rattan, wire or other
screening material and so designed as to lead fish into
such device; .
"fishing vessel" means any boat, craft, ship or other
vessel which is used for, equipped to be used for, or of
a type used for-
{a) fishing; or
(b) aiding or assisting any other boat, craft, ship
or other vessel m ·the performance of any
activity related to fishing, including any of the
activitues of -preparation, processing, refrigeration,
storage, supply or transpor.tation of fish;
"foreign fishing vessel" means any fishing vessel other
than a local fishing vessel;
"inland fisheries" means fisheries in riverine waters;
.. inland fisheries officer" means an inland fisheries
oftkir.- or- a. de.puty inland fisheries officer appointed
under section 5: - I,
'':intcrool waters of Malaysia" means iany areas of.
the sea that are on the landward side of the baselines
from which the-breadth of the territorial sea of Malaysia
is measured;
~ :HERIES
(Pt. I. s. lJ
11
'':international fishery agreement" means any bilateral
or multilateral treaty or agreement. which relates to
fishing or fisheries, between the Government of Malay~
sia and the goverr..meo,t of any other country or between
the Government of Malaysia and any competent
international organization;
"local fishing vessel" means any fishing vessel which
ti not registered outside Malaysia and which is wholly
owned by-
(a) a naJ.ura.l person who is a citizen, or natural
persons who are citizens, of Malaysia;
(b) a statutory corporation establ.i. :<l under any
of the laws of Malaysia.;
(c) the Government of Malaysia or the Government
of a Starte i.n Malay9ia; or
(cf} a body corporate or unincorporatc established
in Malaysia and wholly owned by any of the
persons described in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of
this definition, or another body corporate or
unincorporate wholly owned by any of the
persons described in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of
.this definition;
"Malaysian fisheries waters" mea.n'5 maritime waters
under the jurisdiction of Malaysia over which exclusive
fishing rights or fisheries management right! are
claimed by law and includes the internal waten of
Malaysia, the territorial sea of Malaysia and the
maritime waten comprised in the exclusive economic
zone of Malaysia;
••marine park" or "marine reserve" means any area
or part of an area in Malaysian fisheries waters estab..
lhhed as a marine park or marine reserve under Part
IX for the purposes specified in that Part;
"mari.tlime waters" means areas of the sea adjacent to
Malaysi~ both within and outside Malaysian fisheries
waters and includes estuarine water~ and any reference
to marine culture system, fishing or fisheries shall be
construed as referring to the conduct of any of these
aotlivities in m-aaritiime ·w-a.tcrs;
[Pt. I. S. lJ
12 ACT 317
"master", in relation to a fishing vessel. includes every
person (excep~ a ptlot or port officer as d~fined Lil section
2 of t.he Me~chant Shipping Ordinance 1952) having for
the t_:me bemg command or charge of the vessel, or
\awtu!ly acting as the master thereof;
'·M:..nister" means the itnister of the Federal Government
who is fo(the time being charged WLth the responsibility
for fisheries;
"owner", in relatio:1 to a fahing vessel, means any
person or body of persons, whether corporate or miincorporate,
by whom the vessel is owned and includes
any charterer, sub-charterer, lessee or sub-lessee of
the vessel;
"person" includes any individual (whether or not a
citizen of Malaysia), any body corporate, partnersnip,
association, or other entity, established within or outside
Malaysia, the Federal or any State Government, a
local authority or foreign government, or any entity
belonging thereto;
"pollutant" shall have the meaning assigned to that
expression under section 2 of the Exclusive Economic
Zone Act 1984;
''processing", in relation to fish, includes cleaning,
filleting, icing, freezing, canning, salting, smoking,
cooking, pickling. drying or otherwise preserving or
preparing fish by any method;
"riverine fishing" means fishing in riverine waters;
"riverine waters'-' means the waters of any rive~
lakes, streams, ponds and such other waters in Malaysia
other than maritime waters, whether natwal or manmade,
privately owned or otherwise;
"sedentary species" means organisms which, at the
harvestable stage, either are immobile on or under the
seabed or are unable to move except in constant
physical contact with the seabed -or the subsoil;
"State Authority .. means the a·uthority in any State
in Malaysia responsible for inland fisheries;
"territorial sea of Malaysia" means the territorial
waters or Malaysia determined in accordance with the
1;0~}/J9. Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance, No. 7 1969;
PNM!l.,Kl-.