Dissenting Opinion of Vice-President Weeramantry

Document Number
101-19990325-JUD-01-01-EN
Parent Document Number
101-19990325-JUD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

DISSENTING OPINION OF VICE-PRESIDENT
WEERAMANTRY

Judgment on preliminary objections - Applicability of Article 60 - Inter-
pretation may not be sought to seek revisionor reopenmatter ivhichis resjudi-
cata, orfor gaining time - Substantial nature of Nigeria's request - Need to

dlfferentiate betwleenadditionalfacts and additional incidents - Need to dif-
ferentiate bet~veenfacts conjrmatory of border disputes andJacts giving rise to
international responsibility- Critical datefor ascertainingsuEstanceof Appli-
cation - Obligation of Court to construe "udditionalfacts".

Though rarely invoked l,and subject to strict limitations, the right of a
party to seekclarification of ajudgment, in the event of a dispute as to its

meaning and scope, is an important part of the scheme of rights con-
ferred on litigants by the Statute of the Court. In a sense, it carries to its
logical completion the process of adjudication of the matters that come
before the Court. Since 1 am in disagreement with some parts of the
Court's Judgment, 1feel obliged, in view of the importance of the prin-

ciples involved, to set out the reasons for my disagreement in some detail.
1 agree with the Court's conclusion that the Application of Nigeria
meets the conditions laid down in Article 60 of the Statute of the Court
for the purpose of giving the Court jurisdiction to entertain Nigeria's
request for interpretation of the Judgment. However, for reasons which

1shall set out, 1find that 1am not in agreement with the Court's conclu-
sion that the request of Nigeria is inadmissible. It is my respectful view
that Nigeria's request is legally admissible, and should have been enter-
tained by the Court.The clarification, one way or the other, of the matter
raised by Nigeria would also have achieved the great practical advantage

of placing both Parties on clearer ground regarding the exact ambit of
their future conduct of these proceedings.

Before addressing this particular matter, 1 would like to associate
myself also with the Court's observation that "a judgment on preliminary

'Apart from the present Application, there have been four cases before the Permanent
Court of International Justice and the present Court: Treaty of Neuilly, Article 179,
Annex, Puragraph 4 (Interpretation). Judgntent No. 3; Interpretation of Judgments Nos.
7 and 8(Factory ut Choribic); Requesrfor Interpretation of the Judgnic~ntof20 Novem-
ber 1950 in the Asylum CUSC,A; pplicution Jor Revision und Interpretution oJ'theJudgment
of 24 February 1982 inthe Case concerning the Continental Shelf (TunisiaILibyan Arab
Jamahiriya) (Tunisiu v.Lihyan Aruh Jumuliiriyu).objections,just as well as a judgment on the merits, can be the object of
a request for interpretation" (para. 10). Even in preliminary objections,
there may well be some aspect which genuinely needs clarification. Con-
siderations of fairness in the presentation of one's case, as well as the
right of a party to know precisely what the Court has decided, cannot be
overridden by the circumstance that the Court is operating within the
framework of its preliminary objections to jurisdiction. Such a technical
and procedural consideration cannot in principle deprive a party of its
substantive right to seek clarification of a matter so crucial to it as the
meaning of the Court's judgment. The principle of affording parties such
essential assistance as they are entitled to, in terms of the Court's Statute
and Rules, cannot Vary, depending on whether the proceedings are in
regard to preliminary objections or at the stage of hearing upon the

merits. This is al1the more so, having regard to the fact that Article 79,
paragraph 7, of the Rules expressly gives to the Court's decision on
preliminary objections the status and form of a judgment.

TheCourt must therefore consider, irrespective of the preliminary con-
text of the proceedings, the entitlement of a party to seek clarification of
the Court's judgment. In proceedings upon the merits as well as in pre-
liminary objections proceedings, there are of course certain clear limita-
tions to the entitlement of parties to resort to Article 60. They may not,
for example, under the guise of an application under Article 60, attempt
to seek revision of a judgment or reopen a matter which is already res
judicata. Nor are parties entitled, in any circumstances, to use a request
for clarification as a device for gaining time. Al1of these are to be dis-
countenanced, and the Court will in no way lend its assistance to such
~rocedures.
The request by Nigeria for interpretation is, on the contrary, of a sub-

stantial character affecting the very presentation of its case. Whether
Cameroon may present additional incidents, as opposed to additional
facts, in terms of the Judgment, seems to me to raise an important ques-
tion which needs clarification from the point of view of adequate prepa-
ration and presentation of Nigeria's position. The question arises from
the phraseology in paragraph 99 of the Judgment of 11June 1998which
indicates that it has become an established practice for States submitting
an application to the Court to receive the right to present "additional
facts" and legal considerations. The Court indicates in that para-
graph that the limit of the freedom to present such facts and considera-
tions is that the result is not to transform the dispute brought before the
Court into another dispute which is different in character.

It is necessary at this stage to advert to some of the background
features of this particular case.
Border incidents were alleged by Cameroon, both to show that the

boundary is in dispute, and as giving rise to international responsibility
on the part of Nigeria. The legal significanceof these incidents thus fallsinto two distinct categories. Fresh incidents not pleaded initially may, on
the one hand, reinforce the contention that the boundary is in dispute.
They may, on the other hand, not involve a challenge to the boundary,
but have other implications. Indeed, the Court has expressly recognized
this possibility in paragraph 90 of its Judgment when it observed, "[hlow-
ever, not every boundary incident implies a challenge to the boundary".

In the event that such fresh incidents are relevant as the basis of a claim
of international responsibility, they would constitute fresh claims subse-
quent to thejoinder of issue between the parties. As separate claims, each
claim would be based upon its own particular facts, each claim would
stand or fall independent of the others, and each claim would give rise to
a separate item of relief distinct from the relief flowing from other and
different incidents which have already been pleaded.

When, therefore, there is a reference to subsequent facts, there are two
clear distinctions that need to be drawn, namely:

(1) the distinction, on the one hand, between proof of new facts support-
ive of an incident already alleged, and new facts which constitute a
new incident in themselves; and
(2) the distinction between new facts which are confirmatory of the exis-
tence of a boundary dispute and new facts which, in the form of new
incidents, are averred as the basis of claims of State responsibility.

Do "additional facts", as referred to in the Judgment, refer compre-
hensively to al1these categories of fact, irrespective of whether they are
fresh facts relating to incidents already pleaded, or fresh incidents; and
irrespective also of whether they are confirmatory of a border dispute or
the basis of claims of State responsibility?
These are the questions in respect of which Nigeria seeksclarification.

Bearing in mind that the object of a request for clarification, as stated in
Factory ut Chorzbw is "to enable the Court to make quite clear the points
which had been settled with binding force in a judgmentX2,it seemsto me
that this object is fully satisfied by Nigeria's request.

Certainly the phraseology used in the Judgment could be construed so
as to include fresh incidents, as opposed to fresh facts, and facts con-
firmatory of a boundary dispute as well as facts unrelated to boundary
disputes which are the basis of claims of State responsibility. Since it can
comprise facts in al1these categories which have occurred after the filing
of pleadings, there is a substantial difficulty facing the party that has

to reply to them. It is in respect of this difficulty that Nigeria seeks
clarification.

Interpretution of Judgmrnts Nos. 7 und 8 (FrrcutrChorrow), Judgmrnt No. II,
of IntrrnutioncrlJustice, 1972. Louis B. (ed.)p. 59.O. Hudson, The Permanent Court

1745 REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION (DISS .P. WEERAMANTRY)

The basic principle that the new facts should not transform the dispute
into one of a different character may well be transgressed by the presen-
tation of new facts which amount to new claims in the sense of being
fresh claims of international responsibility. There is therefore a substan-
tive basis for Nigeria's claim for clarification, in addition to the purely
procedural one discussed. It is to be noted in this connection that a sub-
stantial part of Cameroon's Memoria1"eals with the international
responsibility of Nigeria, so that this represents an important aspect of

Cameroon's case. Chapter 6 of this Memorial is entirely devoted to "The
Internationally Wrongful Acts Attributable to Nigeria", and para-
graph 6.01 of this Chapter reads:

"The Federal Republic of Nigeria does not just formally dispute

the frontier between it and Cameroon; it is also engaged in various
activities contrary to general international law and to a variety of
international legal instruments to which it is a party."

A number of wrongful acts are then alleged, and the Memorial goes on to

set out Cameroon's entitlement to reparation for the damage caused to
the Republic of Cameroon and to its nationals4. Each of these separate
acts would presumably be the subject of claims by the Republic for dam-
ages sustained by itself as well as by its nationals. It would have to be
independently proved, and even though it is subsequent to the date of the
Application, Nigeria would have to marshal the necessary evidence to
rebut it, quite independently of such other evidence as it might have
assembled to rebut other and distinct claims arising from other and dis-
tinct incidents.

Consequently, the question whether Cameroon can, under the Court's
Judgment, add fresh incidents, each of which may ground a separate
claim, is a question of great moment to Nigeria. The question arises
whether fresh incidents giving rise to fresh claims for compensation are
included within the terms of the Court's Judgment.

If such incidents are permitted to be brought in, where does one
draw the line? Nigeria's Application seeks clarification of this issue,
and 1 believe Nigeria is entitled to seek that clarification.
Nigeria accepts that a party is entitled to present additional facts relat-
ing to incidents already pleaded. even if those facts should be discovered
at a point of time subsequent to the filingof pleadings. They still relate to

the incidents alleged, and it isquite conceivable that additional material

Around 50 pages in Part II of the ObservationthenNigerian Preliminary Objec-
tions, pp.83-335.
Pp. 636-648.46 REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION (DISSO. P.WEERAMANTRY)

in support of the incidents alleged may be uncovered at a later point of
time.

This is a totally different situation from the entitlement of a party to
plead fresh incidents arising subsequent to its earlier pleadings on the
basis of which its opponent was brought to Court. While opening the
door to a variety of new allegations being made, and altogether fresh
incidents being referred to right up to the time of hearing, it raises ques-
tions also as to the critical date for the purpose of ascertaining what con-
stitutes a party's claim. Does a party's claim consist of a situation as
prevailing at the date of the claim, or is it open to a party, without any
limitation of time, to keep averring and pleading fresh incidents that
occur right up to the date of hearing? If not right up to the date of hear-

ing, what is the cut-off point?

If such possibilities exist of expanding the content of an application
after the application has been filed, this would have major implications in
relation to procedure and the conduct of proceedings.
This Court held in LockerbirS that the relevant date for determining
the admissibility of an application is the date of its filing. This was but a
specificapplication of the general rule that the critical date for assessing
a party's claim is its date of institution. It is by reference to that date

that it will be ascertained whether the applicant has a justiciable and
admissible claim, and it is by reference to that date that the content
of that claim will be determined. In regard to content, it will no doubt be
possible for a claim to be increased subsequent to institution by such addi-
tions as claims to continuing damages or interest, which are intrinsically
linked to the claim already made, but it would at least prima facie appear
to be contrary to principle that new claims based on new incidents and
new evidence may be added, where these have arisen after that date.
Applicants, like plaintiffs, come into court on the basis that they have a
justiciable claim at the date of the application, and that is the date by

which, prima facie at any rate, their claim would be judged, whether in
regard to admissibility or content. The content of that complaint would
not ordinarily be capable of expansion by incidents arising after the
date of the application, unless the Court so indicates. A party is entitled,
in case of doubt, to know whether the Court's order gives such an indi-
cation.

Another way of viewing this matter is to consider that a dispute must

Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising
liminary Objections. I.C.J. Reports 1998. p. 26, para. 44; and Questions of Interpretation
and Application of the 1971Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident ut
Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America). Preliminary Objec-
tions, C.J. Reports 1998, p. 130, para. 43.exist at the time of the application. That is the critical date for examining
both the existence and the substance of the dispute. If the facts then exist-
ing were not sufficient to form the basis of a party's claim, that insuffi-
ciency cannot be supplied by the introduction of later incidents to shore
up that insufficiency. A party's casemust be tested as it was on the date
of filing of the application - and this is the critical date for determining

whether it has approached the Court with a cause of action which is ripe
for hearing.
This considerable practical distinction between the allegation of fresh
facts and the allegation of fresh incidents, and the equally significantdis-
tinction between new facts confirmatory of a boundary dispute and new
facts forming the basis of State responsibility, entitle a party, in my view,
to know which category is comprehended within the terms of a Court
order allowing a party to present additional facts. If, as stated in Applica-
tionfor Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982
in the Case concerningthe Continental Shelf(TunisiaILibyan Arab Jama-
hiriya) (Tunisia v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) 6,a condition of admissibility
to a requirement for interpretation is that the real purpose of the request
should be to obtain an interpretation, it is my view that this precondition
to admissibility is satisfied in the present case.

1 respectfully take the view, therefore, that Nigeria's request for clari-
fication is not inadmissible, and that Nigeria is entitled to ask the Court
for guidance on the question whether the terms of its Judgment admitted
the possibility of future incidents being urged by Cameroon. This is
clearly a dispute as to the meaning or scope of the Judgment, which the
Court is under an obligation to construe under Article 60 at the request
of a party seeking clarification.
In so concluding, 1 wish to stress that this view casts no reflection
whatsoever upon the phraseology adopted in the Judgment. A judgment,
however well crafted, could well embody phraseology which, in the con-
text of a given set of circumstances, may require some clarification. It is
one of those incidents of litigation which the judicial experience of ages
has shown may arise from time to time, and it is precisely for this reason

that Article 60 of the Court's Statute made such clear provision for the
right to interpretation. Indeed, the Article was drafted so strongly as to
cast the Court's duty in imperative terms: "In the event of a dispute as to
the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall construe it upon
the request of any party" (emphasis added). 1refer in this context to the
Facrory ut Chorzow case where the Permanent Court observed that
where there is a difference of opinion as to whether a particular point has
or has not been decided, this comes within the terms of the provision
in question (Art. 60), "and the Court cannot avoid the duty incumbent

I.C.J. Reports 1985, p. 223. See, also, Asylum case,I.C.J. Reports 1950, p. 402.upon itof interpreting the judgment in so far as necessary, in order to
adjudicate upon such a difference of opinion" (emphasis added). This is
part of a passage in the Factory ut Chorzbw Judgment7 which, in the
words of Rosenne, has become the classic statement of the law on this
points.

A difference of opinion has clearly arisen here, with Nigeria contend-
ing for one interpretation, and Cameroon for another. Either interpreta-
tion can well be attributed to the passage, thus giving rise to a genuine
doubt regarding the meaning and scope of the Judgment. In the interests

ofjustice, parties would be entitled, when a genuine doubt arises regard-
ing the meaning or scope of a judgment, to ask for clarification, and this
is especially so when such a construction is necessary for the proper con-
duct of their proceedings and the proper presentation of their case.
For these reasons, I conclude that both in the interests ofjustice and in
terms of the express provisions of Article 60, Nigeria is entitled to seek a
construction of the Judgment by the Court.

(Signed) Christopher Gregory WEERAMANTRY.

1927, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 13, pp. 11-12.(Factory at Chorzbw), Judgment No. II,
Shabtai Rosenne, The Law and Practice of the International Court, 1920-1996,
Vol. 111,1997,p. 1679.

Bilingual Content

DISSENTING OPINION OF VICE-PRESIDENT
WEERAMANTRY

Judgment on preliminary objections - Applicability of Article 60 - Inter-
pretation may not be sought to seek revisionor reopenmatter ivhichis resjudi-
cata, orfor gaining time - Substantial nature of Nigeria's request - Need to

dlfferentiate betwleenadditionalfacts and additional incidents - Need to dif-
ferentiate bet~veenfacts conjrmatory of border disputes andJacts giving rise to
international responsibility- Critical datefor ascertainingsuEstanceof Appli-
cation - Obligation of Court to construe "udditionalfacts".

Though rarely invoked l,and subject to strict limitations, the right of a
party to seekclarification of ajudgment, in the event of a dispute as to its

meaning and scope, is an important part of the scheme of rights con-
ferred on litigants by the Statute of the Court. In a sense, it carries to its
logical completion the process of adjudication of the matters that come
before the Court. Since 1 am in disagreement with some parts of the
Court's Judgment, 1feel obliged, in view of the importance of the prin-

ciples involved, to set out the reasons for my disagreement in some detail.
1 agree with the Court's conclusion that the Application of Nigeria
meets the conditions laid down in Article 60 of the Statute of the Court
for the purpose of giving the Court jurisdiction to entertain Nigeria's
request for interpretation of the Judgment. However, for reasons which

1shall set out, 1find that 1am not in agreement with the Court's conclu-
sion that the request of Nigeria is inadmissible. It is my respectful view
that Nigeria's request is legally admissible, and should have been enter-
tained by the Court.The clarification, one way or the other, of the matter
raised by Nigeria would also have achieved the great practical advantage

of placing both Parties on clearer ground regarding the exact ambit of
their future conduct of these proceedings.

Before addressing this particular matter, 1 would like to associate
myself also with the Court's observation that "a judgment on preliminary

'Apart from the present Application, there have been four cases before the Permanent
Court of International Justice and the present Court: Treaty of Neuilly, Article 179,
Annex, Puragraph 4 (Interpretation). Judgntent No. 3; Interpretation of Judgments Nos.
7 and 8(Factory ut Choribic); Requesrfor Interpretation of the Judgnic~ntof20 Novem-
ber 1950 in the Asylum CUSC,A; pplicution Jor Revision und Interpretution oJ'theJudgment
of 24 February 1982 inthe Case concerning the Continental Shelf (TunisiaILibyan Arab
Jamahiriya) (Tunisiu v.Lihyan Aruh Jumuliiriyu). OPINION DISSIDENTE DE M. WEERAMANTRY,
VICE-PRÉSIDENT

[Trirduction]

Arrêtsur les exceptions préliminaires - Applicabilité de l'article 60 -
Caructère illégitimedesdemandes en interprétation tendant à obtenir la revision
d'un arrêtou le réexamen de la chose jugée ou à gagner du temps - La
demande du Nigéria a traitaufond du différend - Nécessitéde distinguer entre
faits supplémentaireset incidents supplémentaires - Nécessitéde distinguer
entrefaits conjirmant 1'e.uistenced'undifférendfrontalieretfàits engageant une

responsabilité internationule - Date pertinente pour apprécierla substance
d'une requête - Obligation de la Cour d'interpréter les((faits supplémen-
taires.

Quoique rarement invoqué', et soumis à des limitations strictes, le
droit d'une partie de demander la clarification d'un arrêten cas de diffé-

rend sur le sens et la portée de celui-ci est un élémentimportant de
l'ensemblede droits que le Statut de la Cour confèreaux plaideurs. En un
sens, il est l'aboutissement logique du processus de règlement judiciaire
des questions portées devant la Cour. Etant en désaccordavec certaines
parties de l'arrêtde la Cour, je me sens obligé,vu l'importance des prin-

cipes en jeu, d'expliciterquelque peu les raisons de ce désaccord.
Je souscris à la conclusion de la Cour selon laquelle larequêtedu Nigé-
ria satisfait aux conditions énoncées à l'article60 du Statut de la Cour
pour que celle-cisoit compétentepour connaître de la demande en inter-

prétationde l'arrêt.Toutefois, pour des raisons queje vais exposer,je me
trouve en désaccordavec la Cour lorsqu'elle conclut à l'irrecevabilitéde
la demande du Nigéria. Avec tout le respect que je dois à mes collègues,
je considère que la demande du Nigéria estjuridiquement recevable, et

que la Cour aurait dû y faire droit. Clarifier, dans un sens ou dans un
autre, la question soulevéepar le Nigériaaurait eu en outre le gros avan-
tage, d'un point de vue pratique, de donner aux deux Parties une idée
plus précise des limites exactesdans lesquelles peut s'inscrire leur com-
portement futur en la présenteinstance.

Avant d'aborder ce point particulier, je voudrais m'associer aussi à
cette remarque de la Cour: «un arrêt prononcé surdes exceptions préli-

'Outre la présente requête,quatre affaires soumisàsla Cour permanente de Justice
internationale ou la Cour internationale de Justice ont fait l'objet d'une demande en
interprétati:nTruitéde Neuilly, article 179,anne're.purugruphe 4 (interpri.tation), arrêt
n" 3; Interprétationdes urrétsn"' 7 et 8 (usine de Chor;Denlunde d'interprétationde
l'urrêt du20 novembre 1950 enl'ufluire du droit d'usile; Demande en rcrision et en inter-
prétution rie l'urrêt du24février 1982 en l'uffire du Plateau continental (TunisieIJama-
hiriya arabe libyenne) (Tunisie c. Jarnahiriyu urube libyenni,).objections,just as well as a judgment on the merits, can be the object of
a request for interpretation" (para. 10). Even in preliminary objections,
there may well be some aspect which genuinely needs clarification. Con-
siderations of fairness in the presentation of one's case, as well as the
right of a party to know precisely what the Court has decided, cannot be
overridden by the circumstance that the Court is operating within the
framework of its preliminary objections to jurisdiction. Such a technical
and procedural consideration cannot in principle deprive a party of its
substantive right to seek clarification of a matter so crucial to it as the
meaning of the Court's judgment. The principle of affording parties such
essential assistance as they are entitled to, in terms of the Court's Statute
and Rules, cannot Vary, depending on whether the proceedings are in
regard to preliminary objections or at the stage of hearing upon the

merits. This is al1the more so, having regard to the fact that Article 79,
paragraph 7, of the Rules expressly gives to the Court's decision on
preliminary objections the status and form of a judgment.

TheCourt must therefore consider, irrespective of the preliminary con-
text of the proceedings, the entitlement of a party to seek clarification of
the Court's judgment. In proceedings upon the merits as well as in pre-
liminary objections proceedings, there are of course certain clear limita-
tions to the entitlement of parties to resort to Article 60. They may not,
for example, under the guise of an application under Article 60, attempt
to seek revision of a judgment or reopen a matter which is already res
judicata. Nor are parties entitled, in any circumstances, to use a request
for clarification as a device for gaining time. Al1of these are to be dis-
countenanced, and the Court will in no way lend its assistance to such
~rocedures.
The request by Nigeria for interpretation is, on the contrary, of a sub-

stantial character affecting the very presentation of its case. Whether
Cameroon may present additional incidents, as opposed to additional
facts, in terms of the Judgment, seems to me to raise an important ques-
tion which needs clarification from the point of view of adequate prepa-
ration and presentation of Nigeria's position. The question arises from
the phraseology in paragraph 99 of the Judgment of 11June 1998which
indicates that it has become an established practice for States submitting
an application to the Court to receive the right to present "additional
facts" and legal considerations. The Court indicates in that para-
graph that the limit of the freedom to present such facts and considera-
tions is that the result is not to transform the dispute brought before the
Court into another dispute which is different in character.

It is necessary at this stage to advert to some of the background
features of this particular case.
Border incidents were alleged by Cameroon, both to show that the

boundary is in dispute, and as giving rise to international responsibility
on the part of Nigeria. The legal significanceof these incidents thus fallsminaires peut, tout comme un arrêt quia statué surle fond, faire l'objet
d'une demande en interprétation)) (par. 10). Mêmedans le cas d'excep-
tions préliminaires,il peut fort bien se faire que tel aspect demande réel-
lement à êtreclarifié.Le fait que la Cour en soit au stade de l'examen des
exceptions préliminaires à sa compétence ne saurait l'emporter sur les
considérations relativesà l'équitédans la présentation de leur cause par
les parties ni sur le droit de chacune de savoir précisémentce que la Cour
a décidé. Unetelle considération, d'ordre technique et procédural, ne
peut en principe avoir pour effet de priver une partie de son droit fonda-

mental de demander des éclaircissementssur un point aussi décisifpour
elle que le sens de l'arrêtde la Cour. Le principe consistant à accorder
aux parties l'aide essentiellelaquelle elles peuvent prétendre,aux termes
du Statut et du Règlementde la Cour, ne peut souffrir d'exceptions, que
la procédure en soit au stade des exceptions préliminairesou à celui de
l'examen sur le fond. Cela est d'autant plus vrai que le paragraphe 7 de
l'article 79u Règlementconfèreexpressémentaux décisionsde la Cour
relatives aux exceptions préliminaires le statut et la forme d'un arrêt.
La Cour doit donc prendre en considération le droit des parties de
demander des éclaircissementssur le sens d'un arrêtqu'elle a rendu,
nonobstant le caractère interlocutoire de celui-ci. Que l'affaire en soit au
stade de I'examensur le fond ou des exceptions préliminaires,le droit des
parties d'invoquer l'article 60 estnaturellement soumis à certaines limi-

tations claires. C'est ainsi que les parties ne peuvent, sous le couvert
d'une demande au titre de l'article 60,chercherà obtenir la revision d'un
arrêtou le réexamen de la chose jugée. Les parties ne sauraient pas
davantage, quelles que soient les circonstances, utiliser une demande de
clarification comme moyen de gagner du temps. Tous ces expédients
doivent êtredénoncéset la Cour ne les encouragera d'aucune façon.
La demande en interprétation du Nigéria présente, en revanche, un
caractère fondamental qui touche à la présentation même desa cause. La
question de savoir si le Cameroun peut, en vertu de l'arrêtdu Il juin
1998,mettre en avant des incidents supplémentaires, et pas seulement des
faits supplémentaires, me semble constituer un point important qu'il
convient d'éclaircirpour permettre au Nigériade définiret de présenter

sa position en connaissance de cause. Cette question résultede la formu-
lation du paragraphe 99 de I'arrêtoù il est dit que, selon une pratique
établie,les Etats qui déposent une requête àla Cour se réserventle droit
de présenter ultérieurement des ((élémend tsefaits)) et de droit ((supplé-
mentaires)). La Cour indique dans ce paragraphe que la libertéde pré-
senter de tels éléments trouve salimite dans l'exigenceque le différend
porté devant la Cour ne se trouve pas transformé en un autre différend
dont le caractère ne serait pas le même.
Il est nécessairà ce stade de rappeler quelques-uns des élémentsqui
constituent la toile de fond de cette affaire particulière.
Le Cameroun a alléguédes incidents frontaliers à la fois comme éta-
blissant l'existence d'un différendrelatifa la frontière et comme enga-
geant la responsabilitéinternationale du Nigéria. Ces incidentsont doncinto two distinct categories. Fresh incidents not pleaded initially may, on
the one hand, reinforce the contention that the boundary is in dispute.
They may, on the other hand, not involve a challenge to the boundary,
but have other implications. Indeed, the Court has expressly recognized
this possibility in paragraph 90 of its Judgment when it observed, "[hlow-
ever, not every boundary incident implies a challenge to the boundary".

In the event that such fresh incidents are relevant as the basis of a claim
of international responsibility, they would constitute fresh claims subse-
quent to thejoinder of issue between the parties. As separate claims, each
claim would be based upon its own particular facts, each claim would
stand or fall independent of the others, and each claim would give rise to
a separate item of relief distinct from the relief flowing from other and
different incidents which have already been pleaded.

When, therefore, there is a reference to subsequent facts, there are two
clear distinctions that need to be drawn, namely:

(1) the distinction, on the one hand, between proof of new facts support-
ive of an incident already alleged, and new facts which constitute a
new incident in themselves; and
(2) the distinction between new facts which are confirmatory of the exis-
tence of a boundary dispute and new facts which, in the form of new
incidents, are averred as the basis of claims of State responsibility.

Do "additional facts", as referred to in the Judgment, refer compre-
hensively to al1these categories of fact, irrespective of whether they are
fresh facts relating to incidents already pleaded, or fresh incidents; and
irrespective also of whether they are confirmatory of a border dispute or
the basis of claims of State responsibility?
These are the questions in respect of which Nigeria seeksclarification.

Bearing in mind that the object of a request for clarification, as stated in
Factory ut Chorzbw is "to enable the Court to make quite clear the points
which had been settled with binding force in a judgmentX2,it seemsto me
that this object is fully satisfied by Nigeria's request.

Certainly the phraseology used in the Judgment could be construed so
as to include fresh incidents, as opposed to fresh facts, and facts con-
firmatory of a boundary dispute as well as facts unrelated to boundary
disputes which are the basis of claims of State responsibility. Since it can
comprise facts in al1these categories which have occurred after the filing
of pleadings, there is a substantial difficulty facing the party that has

to reply to them. It is in respect of this difficulty that Nigeria seeks
clarification.

Interpretution of Judgmrnts Nos. 7 und 8 (FrrcutrChorrow), Judgmrnt No. II,
of IntrrnutioncrlJustice, 1972. Louis B. (ed.)p. 59.O. Hudson, The Permanent Court

17une double portéejuridique. 11se peut, d'une part, que de nouveaux inci-
dents non invoqués au stade initial confortent la thèse d'un différend
frontalier. Mais il se peut, d'autre part, qu'ilsn'impliquent pas une remise
en cause de la frontière mais qu'ils aient une autre signification. De fait,
la Cour a expressémentreconnu cette possibilité lorsqu'elle afait obser-
ver au paragraphe 90 de son arrêt: «Mais chaque incident frontalier

n'implique pas une remise en cause de la frontière.))Si de tels nouveaux
incidents peuvent servir de base à une action en responsabilité interna-
tionale, ils feront l'objet de nouvelles demandes une fois l'instance liée
entre les parties. Les demandes étantdistinctes, chacune d'elles devra se
fonder sur des faits particuliers, chacune sera acceptéeou rejetéeindé-
pendamment des autres et chacune donnera lieu a une réparation dis-
tincte des réparations obtenues en raison des autres incidents, de nature
différente,qui auront déjà étéinvoqués.
Par conséquent, lorsqu'il est fait référence à des faits ultérieurs, il

importe de distinguer clairement entre:
1) d'une part, la preuve de faits nouveaux confirmant un incident déjà
alléguéet les faits nouveaux constituant en eux-mêmes un nouvelinci-
dent;

2) d'autre part, les faits nouveaux qui confirment l'existenced'un diffé-
rend frontalier et les faits nouveaux, qui en tant que nouveaux inci-
dents, sont invoquéspour mettre en cause la responsabilitéd'un Etat.
Les«faits supplémentaires))mentionnésdans le texte de l'arrêts'enten-
dent-ils de toutes ces catégoriesde faits, qu'il s'agissede faits récentsen
rapport avec des incidents déjàmis en avant ou d'incidents récents,etque

ces faits, par ailleurs, confirment un différend frontalier ou soient allégués
pour mettre en cause la responsabilitéd'un Etat?
Tels sont les points sur lesquels le Nigériasouhaite obtenir des éclair-
cissements. Ayant à l'espritque l'objet d'une demandede clarification est,
comme il a étédit en l'affaire de l'Usine de ChorzOw,«de permettre a la
Cour de préciser ...ce qui a étédécidéavec force obligatoire dans un
arrêt»2,j'ai le sentiment que la demande du Nigériasatisfait pleinement
à ce critère.
Il serait assurément possible d'inférerde la formulation de l'arrêtque

celui-ci inclut lesncidents récents,par opposition aux fuitsrécents,et les
faits confirmant un différend frontalier tout comme ceux sans rapport
avec un tel différendqui peuvent êtreinvoquéspour mettre en cause la
responsabilité d'un Etat. Dans la mesure où l'arrêtpeut viser des faits
appartenant a toutes ces catégories etqui sont intervenus après le dépôt
des piècesde procédure, la partie appelée à en répondre est confrontée à
une réelledifficulté. C'esten raison de cette difficultéque le Nigéria
demande des éclaircissements.

* Inrerprélariondes urrgts 7er 8 (usinc de Chori<j>. rrêtn" Il, 1927. C.P.J.I.
.s<;rl7n" 13, p. II. Voir aussi Manley O. Hudson, Thp Pc~rmunentCourt of Intrrnorionul
Ju.stic.c,.1972,Louis B. Sohn (dir. publ.), p. 59.45 REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION (DISS .P. WEERAMANTRY)

The basic principle that the new facts should not transform the dispute
into one of a different character may well be transgressed by the presen-
tation of new facts which amount to new claims in the sense of being
fresh claims of international responsibility. There is therefore a substan-
tive basis for Nigeria's claim for clarification, in addition to the purely
procedural one discussed. It is to be noted in this connection that a sub-
stantial part of Cameroon's Memoria1"eals with the international
responsibility of Nigeria, so that this represents an important aspect of

Cameroon's case. Chapter 6 of this Memorial is entirely devoted to "The
Internationally Wrongful Acts Attributable to Nigeria", and para-
graph 6.01 of this Chapter reads:

"The Federal Republic of Nigeria does not just formally dispute

the frontier between it and Cameroon; it is also engaged in various
activities contrary to general international law and to a variety of
international legal instruments to which it is a party."

A number of wrongful acts are then alleged, and the Memorial goes on to

set out Cameroon's entitlement to reparation for the damage caused to
the Republic of Cameroon and to its nationals4. Each of these separate
acts would presumably be the subject of claims by the Republic for dam-
ages sustained by itself as well as by its nationals. It would have to be
independently proved, and even though it is subsequent to the date of the
Application, Nigeria would have to marshal the necessary evidence to
rebut it, quite independently of such other evidence as it might have
assembled to rebut other and distinct claims arising from other and dis-
tinct incidents.

Consequently, the question whether Cameroon can, under the Court's
Judgment, add fresh incidents, each of which may ground a separate
claim, is a question of great moment to Nigeria. The question arises
whether fresh incidents giving rise to fresh claims for compensation are
included within the terms of the Court's Judgment.

If such incidents are permitted to be brought in, where does one
draw the line? Nigeria's Application seeks clarification of this issue,
and 1 believe Nigeria is entitled to seek that clarification.
Nigeria accepts that a party is entitled to present additional facts relat-
ing to incidents already pleaded. even if those facts should be discovered
at a point of time subsequent to the filingof pleadings. They still relate to

the incidents alleged, and it isquite conceivable that additional material

Around 50 pages in Part II of the ObservationthenNigerian Preliminary Objec-
tions, pp.83-335.
Pp. 636-648. DEMANDE EN INTERPRÉTATION (OP. DISS .EERAMANTRY) 45

Le principe fondamental selon lequel les faits nouveaux ne doivent pas
transformer le différenden un différendd'une autre nature peut fort bien
se trouver transgressési les faits nouveaux qui sont présentéséquivalent
à de nouvelles demandes au sens où ils constituent de nouvelles mises

en cause de la responsabilité internationale. La demande de clarification
du Nigéria touche donc le fond du différend, outre ses bases d'ordre
strictement procédural déjàévoquées. Il està noter a cet égard que le
Cameroun a consacré une part substantielle de son mémoire3a la res-
ponsabilitéinternationale du Nigéria,laquelle représentedonc un aspect
important de ses moyens. Le chapitre 6 de ce mémoireporte tout entier
sur «les faits internationalement illicites attribuables au Nigéria)),et le
paragraphe 6.01 de ce chapitre se lit comme suit:

«La République fédéraledu Nigéria ne se contente pas d'une
contestation formelle de la frontière qui la séparedu Cameroun. Elle
se livre, de surplus, diverses activitéscontraires au droit interna-
tional général ainsi u'a divers instrumentsjuridiques internationaux
auxquels elle est partie.

Un certain nombre d'actes illicites sont ensuite allégués, puisle Came-
roun expose les motifs pour lesquels il s'estime en droit de demander
réparation des dommages causés à la Républiquedu Cameroun et à ses
ressortissants4. Chacun de ces faits distincts pourrait donner lieu en prin-
cipe àune action en réparation de la Républiquedu Cameroun en raison
des préjudices subispar elle-même ainsique par ses ressortissants. Ces
faits devraient être établis indépendammentdes autres et, bien qu'ils
soient postérieurs à la requête,le Nigéria devrait réunir les éléments

nécessaires pour les réfuter, tout à fait indépendamment des autres
éléments qu'ilaurait pu rassembler pour réfuterdes demandes de répa-
ration autres et distinctes ayant pour origine des incidents autres et dis-
tincts.
Par conséquent, le point de savoir si le Cameroun peut, aux termes de
l'arrêtde la Cour, invoquer de nouveaux incidents, dont chacun pourrait
êtrela base d'une action séparée, revêt ung erande importance pour le
Nigéria. La question se pose de savoir si l'arrêtde la Cour s'étendaux
nouveaux incidents pouvant donner lieu à de nouvelles actions en répara-
tion.
S'il estlégitimede faire valoir de tels incidents, où se situe la limite?

Par sa demande en interprétation, le Nigéria cherche à clarifier ce point,
selon moi à bon droit.
Le Nigériaadmet qu'une partie est autorisée à présenterdes faits sup-
plémentaires se rapportant à des incidents déjà invoqués,quand bien
mêmecesfaits seraient découverts postérieurementau dépôtdes piècesde
procédure. Ces faits seraient encore liésaux incidents alléguéset il est

Une cinquantaine de pages dans la deuxièmepartie des observations de la République
du P. 636-648.r les exceptions préliminaires du Nigéria, p. 283-335.46 REQUEST FOR INTERPRETATION (DISSO. P.WEERAMANTRY)

in support of the incidents alleged may be uncovered at a later point of
time.

This is a totally different situation from the entitlement of a party to
plead fresh incidents arising subsequent to its earlier pleadings on the
basis of which its opponent was brought to Court. While opening the
door to a variety of new allegations being made, and altogether fresh
incidents being referred to right up to the time of hearing, it raises ques-
tions also as to the critical date for the purpose of ascertaining what con-
stitutes a party's claim. Does a party's claim consist of a situation as
prevailing at the date of the claim, or is it open to a party, without any
limitation of time, to keep averring and pleading fresh incidents that
occur right up to the date of hearing? If not right up to the date of hear-

ing, what is the cut-off point?

If such possibilities exist of expanding the content of an application
after the application has been filed, this would have major implications in
relation to procedure and the conduct of proceedings.
This Court held in LockerbirS that the relevant date for determining
the admissibility of an application is the date of its filing. This was but a
specificapplication of the general rule that the critical date for assessing
a party's claim is its date of institution. It is by reference to that date

that it will be ascertained whether the applicant has a justiciable and
admissible claim, and it is by reference to that date that the content
of that claim will be determined. In regard to content, it will no doubt be
possible for a claim to be increased subsequent to institution by such addi-
tions as claims to continuing damages or interest, which are intrinsically
linked to the claim already made, but it would at least prima facie appear
to be contrary to principle that new claims based on new incidents and
new evidence may be added, where these have arisen after that date.
Applicants, like plaintiffs, come into court on the basis that they have a
justiciable claim at the date of the application, and that is the date by

which, prima facie at any rate, their claim would be judged, whether in
regard to admissibility or content. The content of that complaint would
not ordinarily be capable of expansion by incidents arising after the
date of the application, unless the Court so indicates. A party is entitled,
in case of doubt, to know whether the Court's order gives such an indi-
cation.

Another way of viewing this matter is to consider that a dispute must

Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising
liminary Objections. I.C.J. Reports 1998. p. 26, para. 44; and Questions of Interpretation
and Application of the 1971Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident ut
Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America). Preliminary Objec-
tions, C.J. Reports 1998, p. 130, para. 43. DEMANDE EN INTERPRÉTATION(OP. DISS.WEERAMANTRY) 46

tout a fait concevable que de nouveaux éléments supplémentairesétayant
ces allégationsse fassent jour a un stade ultérieur.

C'est une tout autre chose que d'autoriser une partie à invoquer de
nouveaux incidents survenus postérieurement au dépôtdes piècessur la
base desquelles son adversaire a étéattrait devant la Cour. Tout en
ouvrant la porte a la présentation de toutes sortes d'allégationsnouvelles
et à l'invocation de nouveaux incidentsjusqu'àl'ouverturede la procédure
orale, pareille autorisation soulève aussi desquestions quant à la date
limite aux fins de déterminer l'objet de la demande d'une partie. Cette
demande porte-t-elle sur la situation qui existait a la date où elle a été
faite ou une partie est-elle libre de continuer, sans limitation de teàps,
allégueret faire valoir de nouveaux incidents jusqu'a l'ouverture de la

procédureorale? Si l'ouverture de la procédure oralene constitue pas la
date limite, quelle est celle-ci?
S'il était possible d'élargir ainsile contenu d'une requêteaprès que
celle-ci a étédéposée, celaaurait des conséquencesmajeures sur le plan
de la procédureet de la conduite de l'instance.
Dans l'affaire Lockerbies, la Cour a décidéque la date à prendre en
considération pour déterminerla recevabilitéd'une requêteétait ladate
de son dépôt. Cen'est là qu'une application particulière de la règlegéné-
rale qui veut que la date décisiveaux fins d'examiner la demande d'une
partie est cellàlaquelle cette demande a été soumise. C'esptar référence

à cette date que l'on déterminera si la demande se prêteau règlement
judiciaire et est recevable, et c'est par référeàcelle que le contenu de
cette demande sera apprécié.S'agissant du contenu, il est certes possible
d'élargirl'objet d'une demande postérieurement a la date de sa soumis-
sion, en faisant valoir par exemple la persistance de dommages ou d'inté-
rêts intrinsèquementliés à l'action déjà engagéem, ais il apparaîtrait, du
moins prima facie, contraire à tout principe d'admettre de nouvelles
demandes fondéessur de nouveaux incidents et de nouveaux éléments de
preuve lorsque ceux-ci sont postérieurs a cette date. Les demandeurs,

comme les plaignants, s'adressent àla Cour parce qu'ilssouhaitent la sai-
sir d'une demande se prêtantau règlement judiciaire àla date du dépôtde
leur requête,a savoir la date par référenceà laquelle, en tout cas prima
facie, leur demande sera jugée,quant a sa recevabilitéou quant a son
objet. Cet objet n'est pas d'ordinaire susceptible d'être étenàudes inci-
dents survenus aprèsla date de dépôtde la requête, a moins que la Cour
n'en décideautrement. En cas de doute, une partie est en droit de savoir
si la Cour, dans son ordonnance, a pris une telle décision.
Une autre façon de voir le problèmeest de considérer qu'ilfaut qu'un

Questions d'interprétation et d'application de la convention de Montréal de 1971
exceptions préliminaires,C.1.J. Recueil 1998, p. 26, par. 44, et Questions d'interprétution
et d'application de la convention de Montréal de 1971 résultant del'incident aérien de
Lockerbie (Jamahiriya arabe libyenne c. Etats-Unis d'Amérique), exceptions prélimi-
naires, C.I.J. Recueil 1998, p. 130, par.43.exist at the time of the application. That is the critical date for examining
both the existence and the substance of the dispute. If the facts then exist-
ing were not sufficient to form the basis of a party's claim, that insuffi-
ciency cannot be supplied by the introduction of later incidents to shore
up that insufficiency. A party's casemust be tested as it was on the date
of filing of the application - and this is the critical date for determining

whether it has approached the Court with a cause of action which is ripe
for hearing.
This considerable practical distinction between the allegation of fresh
facts and the allegation of fresh incidents, and the equally significantdis-
tinction between new facts confirmatory of a boundary dispute and new
facts forming the basis of State responsibility, entitle a party, in my view,
to know which category is comprehended within the terms of a Court
order allowing a party to present additional facts. If, as stated in Applica-
tionfor Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982
in the Case concerningthe Continental Shelf(TunisiaILibyan Arab Jama-
hiriya) (Tunisia v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) 6,a condition of admissibility
to a requirement for interpretation is that the real purpose of the request
should be to obtain an interpretation, it is my view that this precondition
to admissibility is satisfied in the present case.

1 respectfully take the view, therefore, that Nigeria's request for clari-
fication is not inadmissible, and that Nigeria is entitled to ask the Court
for guidance on the question whether the terms of its Judgment admitted
the possibility of future incidents being urged by Cameroon. This is
clearly a dispute as to the meaning or scope of the Judgment, which the
Court is under an obligation to construe under Article 60 at the request
of a party seeking clarification.
In so concluding, 1 wish to stress that this view casts no reflection
whatsoever upon the phraseology adopted in the Judgment. A judgment,
however well crafted, could well embody phraseology which, in the con-
text of a given set of circumstances, may require some clarification. It is
one of those incidents of litigation which the judicial experience of ages
has shown may arise from time to time, and it is precisely for this reason

that Article 60 of the Court's Statute made such clear provision for the
right to interpretation. Indeed, the Article was drafted so strongly as to
cast the Court's duty in imperative terms: "In the event of a dispute as to
the meaning or scope of the judgment, the Court shall construe it upon
the request of any party" (emphasis added). 1refer in this context to the
Facrory ut Chorzow case where the Permanent Court observed that
where there is a difference of opinion as to whether a particular point has
or has not been decided, this comes within the terms of the provision
in question (Art. 60), "and the Court cannot avoid the duty incumbent

I.C.J. Reports 1985, p. 223. See, also, Asylum case,I.C.J. Reports 1950, p. 402. DEMANDE EN INTERPRÉTATION (OP. DISS.WEERAMANTRY) 47

différend existeà la date du dépôt de la requête.C'est à cette date que
doit êtreappréciéetant I'existencedu différendque sa substance. Si les
faits existantà cette date ne suffisaient pasà fonder la demande, il ne
saurait êtreremédié à cette carence par l'invocation d'incidents ultérieurs.

La cause d'une partie doit êtreappréciée à la date du dépôtde la requête
- qui est la date décisiveaux fins de déterminer si cette partie a porté
devant la Cour une cause en étatd'être entendue.

Cette distinction considérable en pratique entre l'allégation de faits
nouveaux et l'allégationd'incidtxts nouveaux, et la distinction tout aussi
lourde de sens entre faits nouveaux confirmant I'existenced'un différend
frontalier et faits nouveaux engageant la responsabilité de l'Etat, font
qu'une partie est en droit, selon moi, de savoir quelle catégorie de faitsest
viséepar une ordonnance de la Cour autorisant une partieà présenterdes

faits supplémentaires. Si, comme il a étédit au sujet de la Demande en
revision et en interprétationde l'arrêt du24 février 1982 en l'affaire du
Plateau continental (TunisieIJamahiriya arabe libyenne) (Tunisie c.Jama-
hiri,va arabe lib~enne)~, l'une des conditions de la recevabilité d'une
demande en interprétation est que celle-ci ait pour but véritable d'obtenir
une interprétation, il m'apparaît qu'une telle condition préalableest satis-
faite en l'espèce.
C'est pourquoi je formule respectueusement l'avis que la demande de
clarification du Nigéria n'estpas irrecevable et que le Nigéria estfondéà

demander à la Cour des éclaircissementssur le point de savoir si, dans
son arrêt,celle-cia admis que le Cameroun puisse invoquer des incidents
futurs. A l'évidence,il s'agit là d'un différendportant sur le sens et la
portée decet arrêt,un arrêt quela Cour, aux termes de l'article 60 de son
Statut, est tenue d'interpréter si une partie demande des éclaircissements.
Ce disant, je voudrais souligner que mon point de vue n'implique
aucun jugement, de quelque sorte que ce soit, quant au libellé de l'arrêt.
Si bien rédigé soit-il,un arrêtpeut fort bien comporter des formules qui,
dans certaines circonstances, exigent des éclaircissements. C'est là l'un
des aléas de la procédurejudiciaire auxquels une expérience millénaire

montre que l'on peut êtreconfrontéde temps à autre, et c'est précisément
la raison pour laquelle I'article 60 du Statut de la Cour contient des dis-
positions aussi claires au sujet du droit à l'interprétation. De fait, si
vigoureuse est la formulation de cet article que l'obligation de la Coury
est énoncéeen termes impératifs:«En cas de contestation sur le sens et la
portéede l'arrêt,ilappartient à la Cour de l'interpréterà la demande de
toute partie.»(Les italiques sont de moi.) Je renvoià cet égardà l'affaire
de l'Usine de Chorzbw, dans laquelle la Cour permanente a fait observer
qu'une divergence de vues sur la question de savoir si tel ou tel point a été

décidé avec forceobligatoire constitue un cas qui rentre dans le cadre de

6C,1.J. Recueil 1985, p. 223. Voir aussi affaired'asile, C.I.J. Recueil 1950,
p. 402.upon itof interpreting the judgment in so far as necessary, in order to
adjudicate upon such a difference of opinion" (emphasis added). This is
part of a passage in the Factory ut Chorzbw Judgment7 which, in the
words of Rosenne, has become the classic statement of the law on this
points.

A difference of opinion has clearly arisen here, with Nigeria contend-
ing for one interpretation, and Cameroon for another. Either interpreta-
tion can well be attributed to the passage, thus giving rise to a genuine
doubt regarding the meaning and scope of the Judgment. In the interests

ofjustice, parties would be entitled, when a genuine doubt arises regard-
ing the meaning or scope of a judgment, to ask for clarification, and this
is especially so when such a construction is necessary for the proper con-
duct of their proceedings and the proper presentation of their case.
For these reasons, I conclude that both in the interests ofjustice and in
terms of the express provisions of Article 60, Nigeria is entitled to seek a
construction of the Judgment by the Court.

(Signed) Christopher Gregory WEERAMANTRY.

1927, P.C.I.J., Series A, No. 13, pp. 11-12.(Factory at Chorzbw), Judgment No. II,
Shabtai Rosenne, The Law and Practice of the International Court, 1920-1996,
Vol. 111,1997,p. 1679.la disposition en question (art. 60), (cetla Cour ne pourrait se soustraire
à l'obligation d'interpréterI'arrêtdans la mesure nécessairepour pouvoir
se prononcer sur pareille divergence)) (les italiques sont de moi). Cette
citation est extraite d'un passage de l'arrêt rendudans l'affaire de'Usine
de Chorz6w7 qui, pour reprendre la formule utiliséepar Rosenne, est
devenu un exposé classiquedu droit sur ce point8.

En l'espèce,nous sommes clairement en présenced'une divergence de
vues, le Nigériadéfendant une interprétation et le Cameroun une autre.
Le libellése prête à l'une et l'autre, suscitant un doute réelquant au sens
et à la portée de I'arrêt.Dans l'intérêd te la justice, les parties sont en
principe en droit, lorsque le sens ou la portée d'un arrêtsuscitent un
doute légitime,de demander des éclaircissements,en particulier lorsque
ceux-ci leur sont nécessairespour le bon déroulement de la procédureet

une présentation adéquate de leur cause.
Pour ces motifs, je conclus que, dans l'intérêd te la justice comme en
vertu des dispositions expresses de l'article 60, le Nigéria est fondé a
demander l'interprétation de l'arrêt dela Cour.

(Signé) Christopher Gregory WEERAMANTRY.

Interprétationdes arrPts no' 7 et 8 (usine de Chorzdivno11, 1927. C.P.J.I.
sérieA no 13, p11-12.
Shabtai Rosenne, The Laiv and Pracfive of the International Court, 1920-1996,
vol. 111,199p. 1679.

Document file FR
Document Long Title

Dissenting Opinion of Vice-President Weeramantry

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