Declaration of Judge Ranjeva (translation)

Document Number
078-19930614-JUD-01-04-EN
Parent Document Number
078-19930614-JUD-01-00-EN
Document File
Bilingual Document File

DECLAUATION OF JUDGE RANJEVA

flranslation]

1 have voted in favour of the operative part of the Judgment and sub-
scribe to the arguments on which it isbased. In myopinion, the solution
adopted by the Court constitutes an equitable result, which pays due
regard to the interests at stake. 1 would nevertheless have wished the

Court to be more explicit in stating its reasons for drawing the delimita-
tion line adopted. To he sure, like any judicial organ required to pro-
nounce on a dispute such as the one it has adjudicated, the Court had
available a margin of discretionary power to mle on the relevance ofthe
circumstancesof the case and on the equitable nature of the result ofthe
delimitation. But the exercise of this discretionary power required the
Court to be more specific in setting forth itsgrounds for proceeding as it
did. The Parties were entitled to expect fuller explanations regarding the
elementsofthe decision arrived at. Butthat isnot al].In accordance with

Article 59 of the Statute, the Judgment delivered by the Court "has no
binding forceexcept between the parties and in respect of that particular
case". Neverthelesi, in viewofthesolution adopted, the ~ud~mentinthis
ca~-~~- -~ch that it mav wellinfluence case-lawin the sohere of maritime
delimitation. The~aüt6orityof a decisionof the ~ourt'cannot but be re-
inforced whenever, in stating the reasons for itsjudgment, it revealsthe
factorswhichshed lighton the operativeprovisions, Le.,criteria, methods,
mlesoflaw,etc.ïme, theCourt maynotcreatelaw;but itmustSpecifythe

law it applies. The proper administration of justice, as well as the legal
securityïo which ~kteias~ire, depends, to a veryconsiderable extent,>n
the certaintv ofthe leealmle (lacertezzadeldiritto. to usethe ~hraseoloev
of ltalian légaltheor;).
~oreoveÏ. the refërence in paragraph 39 of the Judgment to the posi-
tionstaken bvthe two Partiesat theThird United Nations Conference on
the LawofthéSeadoes not, in my view,take due acwunt ofthe procedu-
ral mles applied by that wnference. The wording used in the present
Judgment should be compared withthe text adopted in 1982in the case

concerning the ContinentalShel/(Tunisia/Libyan ArabJarnahiriya):
"the Court notes that Libya, whileemphasizingthat the defactoline
between the concessions was 'atno time accepted by Libya as the
legalline of delimitation', obsewed that it was onethat did 'suggest

the kinds of lines that, in the context of negotiations, might have
been put forward for discussion' .. ." (I.C.J. Reports 1982,p. 84,
para. 118.)
Thus, in 1982,the Court was unable to remain indifferent to the

positions stated by the parties in a bilateral negotiation. At the ThirdUnited Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea,questions ofdelimita-
tion weredealt with by the Negotiating Group 7. Under the procedural
mles adopted, which were of an exceptional nature for the purposes of
thisimportant negotiation, proposais ordraft provisions wereregardedas
unofficial and entirely non-committing. It was only on 28 August 1981
that,pursuant to the decisiontaken bythe Conference, officialstatus was
acquired by a text concerning delimitation (of the continental shelf).(Cf.
ConrinenralShelf(Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya). I.C.J.Reporfs1982,
p. 49,para. 49.)TheCourt wastherefore wrongto take document NG 7/2
into account in substance. At al1events,in the circumstances of this case
the Court had no need to explore the legalscope ofstatements made bya
Stateat the Third United NationsConference onthe Lawofthe Sea.This
criticism,however,is entirely withoutprejudicetothe proposition thatthe
law of delimitation rests on the mle combining equidistance and special
circumstances.

Lastly, 1regret that paragraph 55 should have been limited to a mere

description of the relation between "special circumstances"and "rele-
vant circumstances", without managing to pinpoint their precise mean-
ing, whichwouldhavebrought out theirinherent unity. Foritisimportant
to specifythat it isin relationto the rightsofthe Partiesovertheir maritime
spaces that these circumstancescan - or, sometimes,should - be taken
into account in a delimitation operation. Hence, special or relevant cir-
cumstances appear as facts which affect the rights of States over their
maritime spaces as recognized in positive law, either in their entirety or
in the exerciseofthe powers relating thereto.

(Signed) Raymond RANJEVA.

Bilingual Content

DÉCLARATION DE M. RANJEVA

J'aivotéen faveurdu dispositif decetarrêtetje souscrisaux motifsqui
lesous-tendent. Lasolution adoo. .Darla iuridiction de ceünsaboutit. à
mon avis, àun résultatéquitable. uitientcomptedesintérêtsen présence.
J'aurais cependant soubiitéque ÏaCour soit Piusexplicitesur lesraisons
oui I'ontconduiteà tracerla liene dedélimitationretenue.CerteslaCour.
Amme toute juridiction appilée à se prononcer sur un différendde 1;
nature de celui qu'ellea euàtrancher, disposait d'une marge de compé-
tence discrétionnairepour statuer sur le caractère pertinent des cirwns-
tances de I'espèceet sur le caractère équitabledu résultatde la délimi-
tation. Mais l'exercicede cette compétence discrétionnaire appelaitde
la part de la Cour davantage de précisionsur les motifs justifiant sa
démarche. Les Parties étaient en effet en droit d'attendre un surcroît
d'explications sur les tenants et les aboutissants de la décision adoptée.

Maisilya plus. L'arrêtrendu parlaCour,en vertudel'article59du Statut,
«n'est obligatoire que pour les parties en litige et dans le cas qui a été
décidé».Cependant, cet arrêt,de par la solution qu'il consacre, est de
nature à influer sur le droit jurisprudentiel en matière de délimitation
maritime. L'autoritéd'une décisionde la Cour ne peut qu'être renforcée
dèsIon que, dans sa motivation, sont mis en lumière les éléments qui
éclairentle dispositif: critères, méthodes,règlesde droit, etc. Cour,
certes, ne peut créerle droit, mais elle doit indiquer le droit qu'elle ap-
plique. La bonne administration de la justice de mêmeque la sécurité
juridique recherchéepar les Etats dépendent, pour une trèslarge part,
du caractère certain de la règlejuridique (la cerrezzadel dirirto,selon la
théoriejuridique italienne).
Parailleurs,lerappel des positions desdeuxpartieslors de la troisième
conférencedes NationsUnies sur le droit de la mer,au paragraphe 39de
l'arrêt,e rend pascompte, mon avis,des règles de procédure quifurent
appliquées par laditeconférence.En effet,la formulation retenue par le
présentarrêt doit être rapprochédeu texte adoptéen 1982dans l'affaire
du Plateaucontinenta(lTunisie/Jarnahiriya arabe libyenne):

«la Cour note que, tout en aiiïrmant que la ligne de facto entre les
concessions n'ai jamais étadmiseparia ~ib~ëcom'e lignededéli-
mitation en droi»,la Libyeasoulignéqu'elledonnait «quelque idée
du typedelignequiaurait pu êtremiseendiscussion dans lecadre de
négociations»,c'est-à-direpour parvenir àune délimitationparvoie
d'accord» (C.I.J.Recueil1982,p. 84,par. 118).

Ainsi,en 1982,la Cour n'apu rester indifférenteaux positions formu-
léespar lesparties dans unenégociationbilatérale.Or,lors de latroisième DECLAUATION OF JUDGE RANJEVA

flranslation]

1 have voted in favour of the operative part of the Judgment and sub-
scribe to the arguments on which it isbased. In myopinion, the solution
adopted by the Court constitutes an equitable result, which pays due
regard to the interests at stake. 1 would nevertheless have wished the

Court to be more explicit in stating its reasons for drawing the delimita-
tion line adopted. To he sure, like any judicial organ required to pro-
nounce on a dispute such as the one it has adjudicated, the Court had
available a margin of discretionary power to mle on the relevance ofthe
circumstancesof the case and on the equitable nature of the result ofthe
delimitation. But the exercise of this discretionary power required the
Court to be more specific in setting forth itsgrounds for proceeding as it
did. The Parties were entitled to expect fuller explanations regarding the
elementsofthe decision arrived at. Butthat isnot al].In accordance with

Article 59 of the Statute, the Judgment delivered by the Court "has no
binding forceexcept between the parties and in respect of that particular
case". Neverthelesi, in viewofthesolution adopted, the ~ud~mentinthis
ca~-~~- -~ch that it mav wellinfluence case-lawin the sohere of maritime
delimitation. The~aüt6orityof a decisionof the ~ourt'cannot but be re-
inforced whenever, in stating the reasons for itsjudgment, it revealsthe
factorswhichshed lighton the operativeprovisions, Le.,criteria, methods,
mlesoflaw,etc.ïme, theCourt maynotcreatelaw;but itmustSpecifythe

law it applies. The proper administration of justice, as well as the legal
securityïo which ~kteias~ire, depends, to a veryconsiderable extent,>n
the certaintv ofthe leealmle (lacertezzadeldiritto. to usethe ~hraseoloev
of ltalian légaltheor;).
~oreoveÏ. the refërence in paragraph 39 of the Judgment to the posi-
tionstaken bvthe two Partiesat theThird United Nations Conference on
the LawofthéSeadoes not, in my view,take due acwunt ofthe procedu-
ral mles applied by that wnference. The wording used in the present
Judgment should be compared withthe text adopted in 1982in the case

concerning the ContinentalShel/(Tunisia/Libyan ArabJarnahiriya):
"the Court notes that Libya, whileemphasizingthat the defactoline
between the concessions was 'atno time accepted by Libya as the
legalline of delimitation', obsewed that it was onethat did 'suggest

the kinds of lines that, in the context of negotiations, might have
been put forward for discussion' .. ." (I.C.J. Reports 1982,p. 84,
para. 118.)
Thus, in 1982,the Court was unable to remain indifferent to the

positions stated by the parties in a bilateral negotiation. At the Third88 DÉLIMITATIONMARITIME (D~CLR . ANIEVA)

conférence des Nations Uniessur ledroit de la mer, lesquestions de déli-
mitation avaient fait'objet des travaux du groupe de négociationno7.
Selon les règlesde procédureadoptées, qui,pour cette grande négocia-
tion, présentaientun caractère exceptionnel,les propositions, ainsi que
les dispositions provisoirement rédigées, n'avaient qunaractère offi-
cieux et étaientcensées n'engagerpersonne. Ce n'estque le 28août 1981,
conformément àladécisionprisepar laconférence,qu'untexterelatifàla

délimitation- en l'occurrencedu plateau continenta- a reçuun carac-
tèreofliciel (voir Plateaucontinental(Tunisie/Jamahiriyaarabelibyenne),
C.1.J.Recueil1982,p. 49, par. 49).C'estdonàtort quelaCour a pris en
considération,en substance, ledocument NG 7/2. En tout étatde cause,
dans les circonstances de l'espèce,la Cour n'avait pas à débattrede la
portéeen droit des déclarationsfaites par un Etatla troisième confé-
rence des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer. Cette critique n'affecte
cependant en rien la proposition selon laquelle le droit de la délimita-
tion se fonde sur la règlecombinant l'équidistance etles circonstances
spéciales.
Enfin, je regrette que le paragraphe55 se soit limitéà une simple
description des rapports entre ((circonstances spécialest «circons-
tancesPertinentes»,sans parveniràpréciserleur portée, cequiaurait mis
en évidenceleur unitéde nature. Enflet. ilesti.oortant d. o~-~is~.-~e
c'estpar rapport auxdroitsdes parties surleursespacesmaritimes queces
circonstances peuvent- ou parfois doivent- être prisesen considéra-
tion dans uneopérationde délimitation.Ainsi lescirconstancesspéciales
OU vertinentes apparaissent comme des faits aui affectent les droits des
E~G sSr leursespacesmaritimes telsqu'ilssont reconnus en droit positif,
soit dans leur intégrités,oit dans l'exercicedes compétences yafférentes.

(Signé)Raymond RANJEVA.United Nations Conference on the Law ofthe Sea,questions ofdelimita-
tion weredealt with by the Negotiating Group 7. Under the procedural
mles adopted, which were of an exceptional nature for the purposes of
thisimportant negotiation, proposais ordraft provisions wereregardedas
unofficial and entirely non-committing. It was only on 28 August 1981
that,pursuant to the decisiontaken bythe Conference, officialstatus was
acquired by a text concerning delimitation (of the continental shelf).(Cf.
ConrinenralShelf(Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya). I.C.J.Reporfs1982,
p. 49,para. 49.)TheCourt wastherefore wrongto take document NG 7/2
into account in substance. At al1events,in the circumstances of this case
the Court had no need to explore the legalscope ofstatements made bya
Stateat the Third United NationsConference onthe Lawofthe Sea.This
criticism,however,is entirely withoutprejudicetothe proposition thatthe
law of delimitation rests on the mle combining equidistance and special
circumstances.

Lastly, 1regret that paragraph 55 should have been limited to a mere

description of the relation between "special circumstances"and "rele-
vant circumstances", without managing to pinpoint their precise mean-
ing, whichwouldhavebrought out theirinherent unity. Foritisimportant
to specifythat it isin relationto the rightsofthe Partiesovertheir maritime
spaces that these circumstancescan - or, sometimes,should - be taken
into account in a delimitation operation. Hence, special or relevant cir-
cumstances appear as facts which affect the rights of States over their
maritime spaces as recognized in positive law, either in their entirety or
in the exerciseofthe powers relating thereto.

(Signed) Raymond RANJEVA.

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Document Long Title

Declaration of Judge Ranjeva (translation)

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